The UK Earth system modelling project.

Lead Research Organisation: National Oceanography Centre
Department Name: Science and Technology

Abstract

Global climate change is one of the leading environmental threats facing mankind. To develop appropriate mitigation and adaptation strategies requires accurate projections of the future state of the Earth's climate. To address this, the research community have developed Global Climate Models (GCMs) that describe the main physical processes in the coupled climate system. These mathematical-computer models are integrated forwards in simulated time, from a pre-industrial period (before ~1850) to present-day, forced by observed estimates of key greenhouse gases (e.g. carbon dioxide, methane, ozone), aerosols and land-use. The models are then continued into the simulated future forced by a range of greenhouse gas, aerosol and land-use scenarios representing plausible future socio-economic development pathways. Each of the time-evolving model future climates are then compared to the pre-industrial and present-day climates from the same model. This analysis results in an ensemble of climate change estimates, linked to each of the applied development pathways, that can be used to assess potential socio-economic and ecological impacts and aid in the development of climate change mitigation and adaptation policies.

GCMs have recently been further developed into Earth system models (ESMs). A key difference between ESMs and GCMs is the former include an interactive description of the global carbon cycle. Climate change is primarily driven by human emissions of carbon dioxide which traps a fraction of the Earth's emitted radiation in the atmosphere, warming it and the Earth's surface. This direct warming from increasing carbon dioxide can be amplified or damped by various feedbacks in the climate system (e.g. involving water vapour, clouds or sea-ice). A key determinant of the climate change impact of human-emitted carbon dioxide is how much of the emitted gas actually stays in the atmosphere where it can interact with the Earth's emitted radiation. Presently, around 50% of the carbon dioxide emitted by humans stays in the atmosphere, the remaining 50% being taken up, in roughly equal measures, by the terrestrial biosphere and the world oceans. There is increasing evidence to suggest the efficiency of these natural carbon reservoirs in absorbing human-emitted carbon dioxide may change in the future, being sensitive to both the concentration of carbon dioxide in the Earth system and to the induced climate change. A reduction in the uptake efficiency of Earth's natural carbon reservoirs would result in a larger fraction of emitted carbon dioxide remaining in the atmosphere and thereby a larger climate change (warming) for a given cumulative emission of carbon dioxide.

To address the need to simulate both the changing global climate and the carbon cycle response to a changing climate and changing atmospheric composition, we are developing the 1st UK Earth system model, based on the core physical GCM, HadGEM3, developed at the Met Office. This development is a major collaboration between NERC centres and the Met Office, integrating a large body of core research and development into a single, world-leading ESM. This proposal aims to secure the NERC funding to maintain this collaboration. The project will support the final development and community release of the 1st UKESM models, as well as application of these models to a range of collaborative science experiments carried out at the international level to support the IPCC AR6. The project has a major emphasis on evaluating the full range of climate and biogeochemical processes and interactions simulated by UKESM1 models with an aim to increase confidence in future projections made with the models. The project will also generate and analyse a suite of such projections and deliver a set of robust estimates of Earth system change to UK government, business and the public. Finally, the project will initiate long-term development of a 2nd version of the UKESM model, for release ~2023.

Planned Impact

The main beneficiaries of the project will be:The IPCC and intergovernmental policy makers, including: UK government: particular DEFRA and DECC, DFID, DfT and MoD; UK governmental agencies and industries requiring climate services information.

Maximising the UK Contribution to the IPCC AR6
An important motivation for UKESM1 is the delivery of science to underpin the UK contribution to IPCC AR6, peer reviewed scientific outputs of UKESM1 are expected to contribute to: Working Group (WG) I assessment of the scientific aspects of climate change; WGII assessment of the vulnerability of socio-economic and natural systems to climate change, and adaptation options; WGIII, assessment options for mitigating climate change.

Both the UKESM models themselves and the resulting simulation-data will be made openly available to the NERC research community, supporting a wide spectrum of Earth system science over and above that performed directly in this project. In addition, the UKESM core group will provide support to a number of UK universities planning contributions to other Model Intercomparison Projects (MIPs) in CMIP6. The result of this national collaboration will be an unprecedented UK contribution to CMIP6 and, through this, also an unprecedented contribution to IPCC AR6. Importantly, this contribution will be a national effort, coordinated across the 8 NERC centres in this project, MOHC and UK universities.

Science into Policy:
The Met Office Hadley Centre (MOHC) will benefit from this project through an enhanced capacity to investigate future Earth system change and provide knowledge support to UK government . The ensemble of future projections made with UKESM1 will be made available to the UK research community, with an emphasis on supporting the UK climate impacts research. CMIP6 simulation-data will form the backbone of future data sets used by the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), charged with providing underpinning climate services data to European governments, business and the public. UKESM1 simulations will therefore constitute the primary UK contribution to C3S. We will ensure a subset of the UKESM1 projections produce output required for dynamical downscaling over the UK using either the Met Office Hadley Centre (MOHC) Regional Climate Model of the new MOHC-NERC coupled UK Environmental Prediction model. This activity will be carried out external to the UKESM project by MOHC scientists. The resulting high-resolution (~1.5-4km grid box resolution over the UK) projections, covering the UK and adjacent coastal waters, will be a major resource for UK planners and stakeholders concerned with the risks and opportunities associated with global change. The knowledge developed from the combination of UKESM1 projections and accompanying downscaled data will be an important support for UK government departments involved in planning and policy negotiations with respect to future global change.

Wealth Creation:
There is a growing demand for information on potential future climate states, apparent in the emerging 'Climate Services' sector. The UKESM project will feed information into this sector with a wide range of potential beneficiaries, including agriculture/food security, transport and the insurance sector. This This link can be both directly from the project, through downstream research (e.g. in climate impacts) using UKESM1 data, through use of dynamically downscaled UKESM1 data covering various regions of the globe and through UKESM1 projections being part of the Copernicus Climate Change Service.

Media Relations and Public Engagement:
There is an increasing need for the public to be informed about the science of climate change, how climate projections are made, including explanation of where projection uncertainties arise and how they impact our the delivery of robust future climate estimates. We will endeavour to contribute to this requirement through public presentations and information sheets.
 
Title COP26 vlog - inside the Glasgow Conference of Parties 
Description I made this travel video log about my time in Glasgow at COP26. I attended COP26 in both the accredited (blue zoon) and public areas (green zone) representing Plymouth Marine Laboratory (#PML), United Kingdom Research and Innovation (#UKRI), and the UK Earth System Models project (#UKESM) to highlight the role of the ocean in climate, and how the ocean is impacted upon through climate change. I also talked about the role of Earth System Modelling in creating climate projections, and my work using ESMValTool to analyse CMIP6 data for the Sixth Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment report (IPCC-AR6). 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact 154 views, shown at several meetings, workshops and shared widely. 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D_-BAhzy8RE
 
Title Cross currents - UKESM described through poetry 
Description Through the cross currents project, five PML scientist was paired with five poets from Plymouth University. After meeting and discussing the scientists work, the poet prepares a piece of creative writing on the same theme. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2017 
Impact We engaged the public, several local poets, and many members of creative writing clubs on the importance of climate change and the role of models. 
URL http://pml.ac.uk/Media_and_events/Events/PML_Events/Poetry_and_Marine_Science
 
Title Earth System Music - Music generated from the United Kingdom Earth System Model 
Description A series of seven (As of March 2020) musical pieces published on Youtube with a video. The pieces were procedurally generated using data from the United Kingdom Earth System Model (UKESM1), specifically the data products submitted to CMIP6. 
Type Of Art Composition/Score 
Year Produced 2019 
Impact These pieces were viewed over 1300 times (as of march 2020), which accounts for 19 hours viewing time. These pieces also resulted in a publication (currently in discussions phase) and an invitation to present these work at the sea change music festival in Dartington. 
URL https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL27v682n8E2Sla8U7jJph9w9M6nYln-W3
 
Title Earth System Music - Remastered 
Description A remastered version of the Earth System Music playlist. Remastered using high quality virtual instrument (VST) piano, mastered to a modern standard, and published on Spotify, Amazon Music and elsewhere. 
Type Of Art Composition/Score 
Year Produced 2023 
Impact This allows the music to reach a wider audience and be experienced on other devices, such as a amazon alexa unit or google home. 
URL https://open.spotify.com/album/6mYAvRoRyEzBA8WcSD5EmQ
 
Title Intro to Earth System Models and Climate Change - BBC Radio Devon Christmas lecture 2021 
Description BBC Radio Devon asked me to do a Christmas lecture this year! What a privilege! It's not every day that you get the opportunity to bore the wider public with 14 minutes about earth system models, marine biology, CMIP6 and the IPCC. In the first part of the lecture, I talk about how models are made, what models look like, how models are joined together. In the second part, I talk about how we make models look realistic, how humans can impact the climate, how we forecast the future climate, and what we can do now. The original was broadcast on the 28th of December on BBC Radio Devon. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact The original lecture was broadcast between christmas 2021 and new years. I subsequently added an video to the audio and uploaded it. 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ew4pcrgdNE&t=2s&ab_channel=LeedeMora
 
Title Portrait of a scientist - in "Around the Edge of COP" sketch book by Lucinda Rogers 
Description I was sketched by artist, Lucinda Rogers, at COP26. Lucinda Rogers works from life in the tradition of the artist as reporter. She immerses herself in an environment and records straight from eye to paper, which gives her drawings a particular spontaneity. Her work records the intimate details and broad views of the changing city she lives in, London, and others she is drawn to including New York and Marrakech. Alongside her own work she has had a prolific illustration career working regularly for the mainstream press and countless other publications and companies, often being sent out to draw on location as a reportage illustrator. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact My portrait, and fellow PML scientist, Lauren Bierman, are the opening pages of the sketch book. 
URL https://lucindarogers.bigcartel.com/product/cop26-drawings-book
 
Title The Sonification of the Western Channel Observatory 
Description This is a sonification of marine data from the L4 station, part of the Western Channel Observatory (WCO). 
Type Of Art Composition/Score 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact 110 views, shown at several meetings and workshops/. 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rAvFlP2s5Vo
 
Title UKRSM SST data was provided to Artist Michael Begg from omnempathy to be used in sonification music 
Description We provided UKRSM SST data to Artist Micheal Begg from omnempathy to be used in sonification music 
Type Of Art Composition/Score 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact This music was performed live at a COP26 scotland event with Napier University. 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-cbUK8oAT2Q
 
Description Anthropogenic climate change is projected to lead to ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, reductions in near-surface nutrients, and changes to primary production, all of which are expected to affect marine ecosystems. Here we assess projections of these drivers of environmental change over the twenty-first century from Earth system models (ESMs) participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) that were forced under the CMIP6 Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). Projections are compared to those from the previous generation (CMIP5) forced under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). The ESMs in CMIP6 generally project greater warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and nitrate reductions but lesser primary production declines than those from CMIP5 under comparable radiative forcing.

We analysed the spin-up the UK Earth system model (UKESM1) with respect to preindustrial forcing for use in the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The realism of the fully coupled spin-up was assessed for a range of ocean and land properties, as was the degree of equilibration for key variables. Lessons drawn include the importance of consistent interface physics across ocean- and land-only models and the coupled (parent) model, the extreme simulation duration required to approach equilibration targets, and the occurrence of significant regional land carbon drifts despite global-scale equilibration. Overall, the UKESM1 spin-up underscores the expense involved and argues in favor of future development of more efficient spin-up techniques.

The changes or updates in ocean biogeochemistry component have been mapped between CMIP5 and CMIP6 model versions, and an assessment made of how far these have led to improvements in the simulated mean state of marine biogeochemical models within the current generation of Earth system models (ESMs). The representation of marine biogeochemistry has progressed within the current generation of Earth system models. However, it remains difficult to identify which model updates are responsible for a given improvement. In addition, the full potential of marine biogeochemistry in terms of Earth system interactions and climate feedback remains poorly examined in the current generation of Earth system models.

We performed a preliminary analysis of a cascade of marine biogeochemistry component of UK ESM at horizontal resolutions of 1-, 1/4- and 1/12-degree. Using a lagrangian approach, we analysed five key oceanographic topics where improvements in biophysical interactions from increased resolution are most anticipated: 1. subtropical gyres - where low resolution models traditionally underestimate nutrient availability and, thus, primary production; 2. boundary currents - whose pathways and magnitudes play important roles in defining species compositions; 3. upwelling regimes - pivotal in nutrient supply, deoxygenation and acidification, and associated with our most productive fisheries; 4. ocean mixing - which controls carbon exchange between the deep ocean and the atmosphere, as well as structuring nutrient regimes throughout the world ocean; 5. Antarctic bottom water formation - critical for the long-term storage of anthropogenic carbon and the present-day distribution of key nutrients.


- The UKESM1 model was spun-up using a combination of component-only phases for land and ocean, followed by a period of fully-coupled simulation, with component-only phases spun-up under atmospheric forcing derived from precursors of UKESM1

- Model states from parallel ocean (~5000 year) and land (~1600 year) spin-up branches were united with the atmosphere and, later, the full atmosphere chemistry and aerosol component (~240 year)

- The resulting pre-industrial control has a top-of-atmosphere heat balance of less than -0.09 W / m2 and net atmosphere-ocean and atmosphere-land CO2 fluxes of less than 0.1 Pg C / y

- Although equilibrated at global scale, analysis of land carbon fluxes found that regional shifts were significant, implying that longer spin-up periods are required to ensure regional as well as global equilibration

- Issues encountered during spin-up included consistency of the interfaces of component-only models, the duration and variability of the atmospheric forcing, including its overall consistency with atmospheric forcing in the target coupled model, and the important role played by rapid-turnaround evaluation tools

- While some tuning of UKESM1 was undertaken during spin-up, the slow turnover of the ocean component and conventional spin-up modes used here limited its scope, supporting the future tailoring of accelerated spin-up techniques to UKESM1 to reduce ocean biases, as well as achieve better equilibration

- A size-based model of benthic biomass, BORIS, has been coupled to output from a global-scale model of marine biogeochemistry, NEMO-MEDUSA, to examine present-day and future patterns of seafloor biomass

- Forced by temporally-varying POC fluxes, BORIS exhibits strong seasonal and interannual behaviour, with distinct patterns of timing for different components under different forcings, with important consequences for sampling

- Although there is considerable diversity in seasonal behaviour, mean annual biomass of the considered size classes is strongly dependent on the seafloor receipt of POC, highlighting the importance of good quantification of this key flux

- Compared with seasonality in POC fluxes to the seafloor, modelled seasonality in seafloor detritus and benthic organisms is much smaller, particularly with increasing organism size, with potential implications for sampling frequency

- Under future scenarios of climate change, modelled benthic biomass is found to decrease to a greater degree than surface productivity (-18% as compared to -6%), with deeper communities experiencing greater decline than in near-surface areas

- Absent forcing factors (temperature, oxygen, pH), as well as simplified ecological assumptions (implicit bacteria, no predation) have been identified as aspects for future improvement, with the acquisition of observations from more diverse benthic habitats of key importance
Exploitation Route Improvement of Uk ESM directly contributes to the objectives of IPCC and thus provides impact on global climate policy
Sectors Education,Energy,Environment
 
Description A number of high impact papers produced by the project has informed highly influential policy reports by the Food and Agriculture Organization on the fisheries and aquaculture , by The World Meteorological Organization on the impact of the 1.5 degree warming and by the IPCC AR6 WG1,2. The findings have also been used by a number of the national government reviews on environment, transport and food security. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is an intergovernmental organization whose mission is to achieve food security, ensuring that people have regular access to enough high-quality food to lead active, healthy lives. The World Meteorological Organization is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 193 Member States and Territories. The Organization is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. As a specialized agency of the United Nations, WMO is dedicated to international cooperation and coordination on the state and behaviour of the Earth's atmosphere, its interaction with the land and oceans, the weather and climate it produces, and the resulting distribution of water resources. The Working Group II contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report assesses the impacts of climate change, looking at ecosystems, biodiversity, and human communities at global and regional levels. It also reviews vulnerabilities and the capacities and limits of the natural world and human societies to adapt to climate change.
First Year Of Impact 2018
Sector Aerospace, Defence and Marine,Agriculture, Food and Drink,Energy,Environment
Impact Types Societal,Economic
 
Description A "manifesto" paper on a new cross-disciplinary subject "Socio-oceanography" (lead by K. Popova, in review).
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to new or improved professional practice
 
Description A summary paper on the Arctic sea ice changes, on the climate risks and key impacts
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to new or improved professional practice
 
Description An introduction to achieving policy impact for early career researchers Cited by Analysis & Policy Observatory (APO) on 10 Jul 2018 (Citing Pecl et al., 2017)
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
Impact Scientists are increasingly required to demonstrate the real world tangible impacts arising from their research. Despite significant advances in scholarship dedicated to understanding and improving the relationships between science, policy and practice, much of the existing literature remains high level, theoretical, and not immediately accessible to early career researchers (ECRs) who work outside of the policy sciences. Our study was used as an example in the paper to provide an accessible resource for ECRs seeking to achieve policy impact in their chosen field.
URL https://apo.org.au/node/189981
 
Description CLIMATE CHANGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROPOSED CANADIAN NORTHERN CORRIDOR (citing Aksenov et al., 2017)
Geographic Reach North America 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
Impact Aksenov et al (2019) describing advances in Arctic modelling, future projections and feasibility of teh Arctic Sea Routes has informed and been cited in the special series in The School of Public Policy Publications, examining the potential for economic corridors in Canada. This paper is an output of the Canadian Northern Corridor Research Program. The Canadian Northern Corridor Research Program at The School of Public Policy, University of Calgary is the leading platform for providing information and analysis necessary to establish the feasibility and desirability of a network of multi-modal rights-of-way across middle and northern Canada. Endorsed by the Senate of Canada, this work responds to the Council of the Federation's July 2019 call for informed discussion of pan-Canadian economic corridors as a key input to strengthening growth across Canada and "a strong, sustainable and environmentally responsible economy." This Research Program will help Canadians benefit from improved infrastructure development in Canada.
URL https://www.policyschool.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Climate-Change-CNC-Pearce-Ford-Fawcett.pdf
 
Description CME Pacific Marine Climate Change Report Card 2018 Scientific Review: Fish and Shellfish Cited by UK Government (GOV.UK) on 31 May 2018 (Citing Pecl et al., 2017)
Geographic Reach Australia 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
Impact This report card provides a summary of climate change impacts on coasts and seas in the Pacific island region, and how Pacific islands can respond. For ocean-dependent Pacific islands, the connection between oceans and climate change is likely to be more vital than elsewhere and has a huge influence on people, culture and economies.
URL https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/commonwealth-marine-economies-cme-programme-pacific-marin...
 
Description Chokepoints and Vulnerabilities in Global Food Trade (citing Aksenov et al., 2017)
Geographic Reach Europe 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
Impact Aksenov et al 2019 has analysed risks associated with the new shipping routes across the Arctic and informed a CHATHAM HOUSE REPORT 2017 (ISBN: 978 1 78413 230 9) Chokepoints and Vulnerabilities in Global Food Trade. The key conclusion of the report included a call for Policymakers to take action immediately to mitigate the risk of severe disruption at certain ports, maritime straits, and inland transport routes, which could have devastating knock-on effects for global food security.
URL https://www.chathamhouse.org/2017/06/chokepoints-and-vulnerabilities-global-food-trade
 
Description Cited by Flemish Government Policy Documents (citing Pecl et al., 2019)
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
Impact The work presented in Pecl et al., 2018 on clime-change driven redictribution of species has informed Flemish Nature Report. The biennial Nature Report is a reference work with facts and figures about nature in Flanders, intended for policy purposes. 2020 is an important pivotal year for the global and European Biodiversity Strategy. That is why INBO is publishing a status and trend report on biodiversity.
URL https://www.vlaanderen.be/publicaties/natuurrapport-2020
 
Description Climate Change and Fisheries Cited by UK Parliament Briefing notes on 27 Jun 2019 (citing Holt et al., 2018)
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
Impact Our research has informed a briefing to the UK Parliament. Fishing is dependent on marine food webs that are sensitive to overexploitation and climate change. This POSTnote focuses on marine fisheries, including wild capture and farming (aquaculture) of fin- and shellfish, and their processing. It summarises impacts on oceans and fisheries of changes including ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation and storms, and explores how fisheries may adapt.
URL https://post.parliament.uk/research-briefings/post-pn-0604/
 
Description Contribution to the IPCC report WG2 (Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Working Group II Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report)
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Citation in systematic reviews
Impact Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability The Working Group II contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report assesses the impacts of climate change, looking at ecosystems, biodiversity, and human communities at global and regional levels. It also reviews vulnerabilities and the capacities and limits of the natural world and human societies to adapt to climate change. Chapter 3: Oceans and Coastal Ecosystems and their Services: A.Yool served as a contributing author. The key MEDUSA publications were cited 11 times. MEDUSA's benthic submodel was used as a key evidence for the future of the benthic biomass. Figure 3.21j,k,l, from the WG2 report was re-drawn from Yool et al., 2017
URL https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/
 
Description Future of the sea: final report Cited by UK Government (GOV.UK) on 03 Apr 2018 (citing Barange et al., 2017)
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
Impact Our research has been cited in Future of the sea: final report Cited by UK Government (GOV.UK) on 03 Apr 2018. This report considers the role that science and technology can play in understanding and providing solutions to the long-term issues affecting the sea. It outlines a number of recommendations to help the UK utilise its current expertise and technological strengths to foster trade links, build marine capacity across the world and collaborate to tackle climate change.
URL https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/future-of-the-sea--2
 
Description Future of the sea: implications from opening Arctic Sea routes (citing Aksenov et al., 2017)
Geographic Reach Europe 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
Impact Aksenov et al 2019 paper examined probability of the Arctic Sea Route opening, future projections of the Arctic sea ice and most recent model developments. It has informed (and been cited) in the Future of the sea: implications from opening Arctic Sea routes - A report examining what the opening of Arctic shipping routes will mean for the UK. This report summarises the evidence for the projected loss of Arctic sea ice and opening of shipping routes due to climate change. It explores how these changes will make trans-Arctic shipping routes more navigable and profitable, and explores the resulting challenges and opportunities for the UK.
URL https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/future-of-the-sea-implications-from-opening-arctic-sea-ro...
 
Description Global Warming of 1.5°C Cited by World Meteorological Organization (WMO) on 01 Jan 2018 (citing Pecl et al., 2017)
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
Impact World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ; United Nations Environment Programme An IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty.
URL https://library.wmo.int/index.php?id=21536&lvl=notice_display#.YEI_92j7Q2w
 
Description Global atlas of AIS-based fishing activity Cited by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations on 01 Nov 2019 (Citing Barange et al., 2017)
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
Impact With the advances in information technology, it is becoming possible to create a global database of fishing effort by gear type with an unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. Such a database has the potential to assist with fisheries management and research around the globe. When initiating this publication, FAO intended to present this potential by reviewing AIS-based data in context of global and regional knowledge on fisheries, and to communicate the main findings as well as strengths and limitations of these data and current processing methodology. The aim of this document, hereafter referred to as the Atlas, is to enable stakeholders to understand the opportunity and challenges of mapping and analysing fishing activity with AIS data. For each FAO Area, based on AIS data, this Atlas presents the number and percentage of vessels broadcasting AIS, the spatial patterns of presence and intensity of fishing activity, and an analysis by gear type. For these data, the Atlas includes detailed methods, case studies, and comparisons with outside data. These comparisons, explanatory text, and caveats are presented with the goal of helping member countries understand how this new dataset can be applied. To ensure the accuracy of the conclusions, over 50 fishery experts from around the world reviewed and assessed the maps, charts, and supporting text produced by the authors and editorial team. aconet, M., Kroodsma, D., & Fernandes, J.A. (2019). Global Atlas of AIS-based fishing activity - Challenges and opportunities. Rome, FAO
URL http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/ca7012en
 
Description Impacts of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture Cited by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations on 01 Aug 2018 (Citing Pecl et al., 2017)
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Citation in systematic reviews
Impact Impacts of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture: Synthesis of current knowledge, adaptation and mitigation options The 2015 Paris Climate Agreement recognizes the need for effective and progressive responses to the urgent threat of climate change, through mitigation and adaptation measures, while taking into account the particular vulnerabilities of food production systems. The inclusion of adaptation measures in the fisheries and aquaculture sector is currently hampered by a widespread lack of targeted analyses of the sector's vulnerabilities to climate change and associated risks, as well as the opportunities and responses available. This report provides the most up-to-date information on the disaggregated impacts of climate change for marine and inland fisheries, and aquaculture, in the context of poverty alleviation and the differential dependency of countries on fish and fishery resources. The work is based on model projections, data analyses, as well as national, regional and basin-scale expert assessments.
URL http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/I9705EN
 
Description Impacts of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture Cited by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations on 01 Aug 2018. (Citing Barange et al. 2017; Popova et al 2016, Yool et al., 2015)
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
Impact The 2015 Paris Climate Agreement recognizes the need for effective and progressive responses to the urgent threat of climate change, through mitigation and adaptation measures, while taking into account the particular vulnerabilities of food production systems. The inclusion of adaptation measures in the fisheries and aquaculture sector is currently hampered by a widespread lack of targeted analyses of the sector's vulnerabilities to climate change and associated risks, as well as the opportunities and responses available. This report provides the most up-to-date information on the disaggregated impacts of climate change for marine and inland fisheries, and aquaculture, in the context of poverty alleviation and the differential dependency of countries on fish and fishery resources. The work is based on model projections, data analyses, as well as national, regional and basin-scale expert assessments. The results indicate that climate change will lead to significant changes in the availability and trade of fish products, with potentially important geopolitical and economic consequences, especially for those countries most dependent on the sector.
URL http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/I9705EN
 
Description Informed the NEMO-SI3 modelling development strategy.
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to new or improved professional practice
Impact Development of the model components for the climate research to inform IPCC assessment reports 7.
 
Description Input in the Community Ocean Wave Climate (COWCliP) intercomparison project (WMO/IPCC)
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to new or improved professional practice
 
Description Mapping and assessment of ecosystems and their services (citing Pecl et al., 2017)
Geographic Reach Europe 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
Impact Europe's ecosystems, on which we depend for food, timber, clean air, clean water, climate regulation and recreation, suffer from unrelenting pressures caused by intensive land or sea use, climate change, pollution, overexploitation and invasive alien species. The Biodiversity Strategy to 2020 includes the development of an integrated framework to monitor whether the actions undertaken are delivering on the ground. This assessment presents the changes in pressures and ecosystem condition in the EU and its marine regions using the year 2010 as a policy baseline.
URL https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/a84a0a68-0f65-11eb-bc07-01aa75ed71a1/langua...
 
Description Massive Online Open Course "Ocean Science In Action: Addressing Marine Ecosystems and Food Security"
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
Impact In 2020, the SOLSTICE-WIO project launched its first MOOC - Ocean Science in Action: Addressing Marine Ecosystems and Food Security that introduces learners to innovative marine technologies and their applications used to tackle the challenges of the sustainable management of marine ecosystems. This four-week course features over 30 video lectures, including footage of fieldwork, numerical ocean model animations, and visualisations of the Remote Sensing data and unique footage of local coastal communities and fisheries. It covers wider issues such as impact of climate change, SDGs, Oceans Decade 2030. The MOOC was created as a course for continuous professional development to people working within marine-related industries, such as fisheries, and government and management of marine resources in the Western Indian Ocean. The MOOC has attracted more than 2000 participants from 110 countries. Material presented in MOOC includes scientific results from many national and international projects (in addition to SOLSTICE which presented the bulk of the material), including GULLS, SIRENA, UKESM, ACCORD.
URL https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/ocean-science-in-action-addressing-marine-ecosystems-and-food-se...
 
Description (COMFORT) - Our common future ocean in the Earth system - quantifying coupled cycles of carbon, oxygen, and nutrients for determining and achieving safe operating spaces with respect to tipping points
Amount € 8,482,148 (EUR)
Funding ID 820989 
Organisation European Commission 
Sector Public
Country European Union (EU)
Start 09/2019 
End 08/2023
 
Description Biogeochemical processes and ecosystem function in changing polar systems and their global impacts (BIOPOLE)
Amount £8,924,449 (GBP)
Funding ID NE/W004933/1 
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 04/2022 
End 03/2027
 
Description ENCORE is the National Capability ORCHESTRA Extension (ENCORE)
Amount £723,925 (GBP)
Funding ID NE/V013254/1 
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 04/2021 
End 03/2022
 
Description Marine LTSS: Climate Linked Atlantic Sector Science
Amount £23,736,000 (GBP)
Funding ID NE/R015953/1 
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 04/2018 
End 03/2023
 
Description TerraFIRMA: Future Impacts Risks and Mitigation Actions
Amount £9,402,982 (GBP)
Funding ID NE/W004895/1 
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 04/2022 
End 03/2027
 
Description The North Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study
Amount £2,961,049 (GBP)
Funding ID NE/N018044/1 
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 04/2016 
End 11/2019
 
Title Coastal permafrost erosion model 
Description Generic off-line pan-Arctic modelling tool of the coastal permafrost erosion has been developed in the framework of the new coupled ocean-sea ice-waves NEMO-CICE-WW3 model and can be used in other coupled and forced ocean-wave models. The developed model follows closely Wight's model (Barnhart 2014) and calculates coastal erosion due to wave action and sea level change anomalies, with added permafrost probability and adjustment for rocky/non rocky coast. The erosion rates depend on geological permafrost temperature, probability (PEX); ice content (ACDD) and marine parameters (SST, SWH, wave period). ACDD has the required variables to calculated organic carbon, nitrate and phosphate fluxes from erosion rates. The erosion model uses inputs from the coupled ocean-sea ice-waves model and land permafrost model and allows simulating permafrost erosion rates and fluxes of the terrigeneous matter, including fluxes of carbon, nutrients and contaminants. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2022 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The pan-Arctic model of the coastal permafrost erosion model can provide data on erosion rates for the current and future climate states and leads to the improved simulations of the marine biogeochemistry by accounting for the input of the land biogeochemical fluxes and land contaminants into the marine environment. The model provides coastal permafrost retreat data which allows assessing risks for the shore stability, shore settlements, on-shore structures and installations and can help coastal infrastructure development planning and climate impacts mitigation. The model can used for the ice barrier erosion assessments in the Antarctica. 
URL https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU22/EGU22-5807.html
 
Title Combined collisional and pack ice sea ice rheology and dynamics 
Description The method includes the full numerical implementation of combined granular rheology of Marginal Ice Zone sea ice and pack sea ice rheology (Feltham 2005). The method accounts for the impacts of sea ice fragmentation by waves on sea ice rheology and dynamics. The model implementation has been developed at the National Oceanography Centre by Drs Stefanie Rynders and Yevgeny Aksenov and has been included in the coupled and forced ocean-sea ice-waves NEMO(v3.6/v4.0+)-CICE5-ECMWF-WAM/WW3 configurations. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2017 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The method forms the basis of the new rheologies in ocean-sea ice-waves configurations and is made freely available through the UK NERC/UKMO Joint Sea Ice Modelling Programme and is used by the UK research community. 
URL https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/428655/
 
Title Coupled wave-ice ocean model 
Description Coupled wave-ice ocean global model code based on the NEMO-CICE-WW3 v3.6 configuration has been developed. The components will be made available to the NEMO modelling system. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2022 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The new coupled model introduces improved simulations of the coupled processes between sea ice, waves and ocean and allows accounting for the effects of wave mixing and coastal erosion on the ocean and marine biogeochemical fluxes. The new model enables calculating risks for the off shore structure s and ships in the icy ocean environment and improve safety of the marine operations. 
 
Title New improved sea ice rheology (Elastic-Anisotropic-Plastic) for SI3 regional configuration of the Arctic 
Description New improved sea ice rheology (Elastic-Anisotropic-Plastic) has been developed for the Sea Ice Integrated Initiative SI3 and included in the NEMO ocean modelling framework for the ocean research, climate and forecasting based on the ORCA2_SAS_ICE reference configuration. The NEMO code is available from https://forge.nemo-ocean.eu/nemo/nemo. This configuration has a resolution of 1/36 degree and is a cut-out of the global 1/36 configuration: https://github.com/immerse-project/ORCA36-demonstrator. The test cases for idealised domains are also available via the NEMO4.2 code download. Code authors: Drs Stefanie Rynders and Yevgeny Aksenov. The code base is a pre-4.2.0 NEMO version, the model source code can be found in the file src_tar. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2022 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The Elastic-Anisotropic-Plastic sea ice rheology simulates more accurately ice dynamics and open water leads than. the conventional rheologies, improving air-ocean momentum and heat coupling in the models. This leads to the improvement of the forecasts, CMEMS re-analysis and climate simulations. The research is done under the NERC Project "PRE-MELT" 15 (NE/T000260/1) and European Union's Horizon 2020 research and from the innovation programme under grant agreement No 821926 (project IMMERSE-Improving Models for Marine EnviRonment SErvices). The repository fulfils the public data access requirements of these projects. 
URL https://zenodo.org/record/6327871
 
Title Partially coupled global Forced model configuration NEMOv3.6-CICE5-ECWAM 
Description A partially coupled global ocean-sea ice-waves model has been developed by Drs Lucia Hosekova, Yevgeny Aksenov and Stefanie Rynders (NOC) for the model configuration NEMOv3.6-CICE5-WIM-ECWAM. The model has a fully interactive sea ice-wave model component - the Waves in Ice Module (WIM) which accounts for the process of the sea ice break up by waves, wave attenuation and propagation inside sea ice cover, wave-induced ocean mixing and melting of broken ice floes. The CICE5 model features a combined collisional-pack ice rheology, Elastic-Viscous-Plastic-Collisional rheology (EVPC) also developed and implemented by Drs Stefanie Rynders and Yevgeny Aksenov from the theoretical and analytical development by Feltham (2005), with several updates, including numerical solver for sea ice kinetic energy (granular temperature) evolution, and wave surge pressure. CICE5-WIM module simulates prognostic parameters of the sea ice floe sizes distribution, while using semi-empirical power law reconstruction of the floe sizes distribution after wave break up. CICE5-WIM modelling component is fully coupled to the ocean model NEMO and the whole modelling system is forced with the atmospheric re-analysis DFS5 and the wave fields from ECMWF wave model WAM (ECWAM). The partially coupled model has been configured and tested for the decadal integrations at 1 deg. and 1/4 deg. horizontal resolution (NEMO model grid). 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2017 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The results improve mixed layer depth simulations in the global models, providing ways to improve physical and biogeochemical model biases in the present climate model runs. The results feed in the NERC projects LTSM ORCHESTRA/ENCORE, "Towards the Marginal Arctic Sea Ice", PREMelt and LTSS CLASS and in inform the NEMO-SI3 model development strategy. The model improves predictions of the ocean and sea state in the ice covered areas, with applications for climate, forecasting, off-shore safety and marine industries by providing additional and more accurate information on the sea state in the ice-covered oceans, ice drift and dynamical ice stresses, ice fragmentation and floe sizes and the state of the upper ocean and mixed layer. The model development improved mixed layer depth simulations in the global models, providing ways to improve physical and biogeochemical model biases in the present climate model runs. The model is not more computationally expensive to run than conventional NEMO-CICE model, opening a way for the multi-decadal present and future climate simulations. The results feed in the NERC projects LTSM ORCHESTRA/ENCORE, "Towards the Marginal Arctic Sea Ice", PREMelt and LTSS CLASS and in inform the NEMO-SI3 model development strategy. 
URL https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-80439-8_12
 
Title Sea ice types and provinces diagnostics method 
Description Python and Matlab diagnostics software to detect polynyas and different ice provinces (Marginal Ice Zone, pack ice, interior open water, etc.) in the model output and satellite data. The detection algorithm takes into account sea ice concentration, thickness and proximity to the coast and position/clustering of information grid cells inside ice zone. Code authors: Stefanie Rynders and Ben Barton (NOC). 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2018 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Allows classification of sea ice provinces in the variety of data and for the salt flux and dense water analysis. 
URL https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/428655/
 
Title Combined MIZ and pack sea ice rheology model 
Description The model includes the implemented combined granular rheology of Marginal Ice Zone sea ice and pack sea ice rheology. Model accounts for the impacts of sea ice fragmentation by waves on sea ice rheology and dynamics (floe size distribution is one of the prognostic parameters). The model has been developed at the National Oceanography Centre by Drs Stefanie Rynders and Yevgeny Aksenov and has been included in the coupled and forced ocean-sea ice-waves NEMO(v3.6/v4.0+)-CICE5-ECMWF-WAM/WW3 configurations. It is made freely available through the UK NERC/UKMO Joint Sea Ice Modelling Programme and is widely used by the UK research community. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/428655/; https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/428658/ 
Type Of Material Computer model/algorithm 
Year Produced 2019 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Improved sea ice rheology which include granular behaviour of sea ice in the Marginal Ice Zones (MIZ) to be used in the next generation climate models. 
URL https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-80439-8_13
 
Title Improved sea ice rheology (Elastic-Anisotropic-Plastic) for the European ice model SI3 in the NEMO ocean modelling framework 
Description SI3 regional configuration of the Arctic. New improved sea ice rheology (Elastic-Anisotropic-Plastic) has been developed for the Sea Ice Integrated Initiative SI3 and included in the NEMO ocean modelling framework for the ocean research, climate and forecasting based on the ORCA2_SAS_ICE reference configuration. The NEMO code is available from https://forge.nemo-ocean.eu/nemo/nemo. This configuration has a resolution of 1/36 degree and is a cut-out of the global 1/36 configuration: https://github.com/immerse-project/ORCA36-demonstrator. Code authors: Drs Stefanie Rynders and Yevgeny Aksenov. The code base is a pre-4.2.0 NEMO version, the model source code can be found in the file src_tar. 
Type Of Material Computer model/algorithm 
Year Produced 2022 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Improved forecasting skills of the EU model to deliver a wide range of ultra-high ~km-scale forecasts and climate projections for IPCC AR7. 
URL http://forge.ipsl.jussieu.fr/nemo/browser/NEMO/trunk/src/ICE/
 
Title MEDUSA as a component of UK ESM 
Description MEDUSA (Model of Ecosystem Dynamics, nutrient Utilisation, Sequestration and Acidification) is developed as an "intermediate complexity" plankton ecosystem model to study the biogeochemical response, and especially that of the so-called "biological pump", to anthropogenically driven change in the World Ocean. The base currency in this model was nitrogen from which fluxes of organic carbon, including export to the deep ocean, were calculated by invoking fixed C : N ratios in phytoplankton, zooplankton and detritus. However, due to anthropogenic activity, the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) has significantly increased above its natural, inter-glacial background. 
Type Of Material Computer model/algorithm 
Year Produced 2016 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact MEDUSA is a component model of UK ESM and as such it directly contributes to the future climate projections within the framework of IPCC Contribution to the IPCC report WG2 (Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Working Group II Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report) Chapter 3: Oceans and Coastal Ecosystems and their Services: A.Yool served as a contributing author. The key MEDUSA publications were cited 11 times. MEDUSA's benthic submodel was used as a key evidence for the future of the benthic biomass. Figure 3.21j,k,l, from the WG2 report was re-drawn from Yool et al., 2017 
URL http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/6/1767/2013/
 
Title MEDUSA in FABM 
Description Biogeochemical model MEDUSA (Yool et al, 2013) was incorporated into Framework for Aquatic Biogeochemical Models (FABM). The model was tested in a coupled mode with GOTM and NEMO 1D and global (ORCA2, eORCA1) configurations. FABM code was compared with original implementation in terms of similarity of output and performance. In 1D NEMO configuration results were identical within double numerical precision, and in 3D within single precision. In terms of timing, FABM version showed ~10% overhead compared to original implementation, depending on configuration. 
Type Of Material Computer model/algorithm 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact No impacts yet. 
URL https://github.com/FABM-MEDUSA/fabm-medusa/tree/v1.0
 
Title ORCA1-CICE simulations with new mixing and sea ice melting schemes 
Description Results from the ORCA1-CICE model runs with different mixing schemes (TKE, GLS and modified GLS for wind and wave mixing) and different ice melting schemes using prognostic sea ice fragmentation (based on the ocean- sea ice -wave interactions model development by Drs Lucia Hosekova, Stefanie Rynders and Yevgeny Aksenov), the list runs is below. 1. Global NEMO1-control TKE, NEMO 3.6 stable + CICE 5.1, control 1with TKE vertical mixing lateral melting scheme with constant ice floes sizes, monthly output of U,V,T,S, W, vertical diffusivity and monthly output of sea ice (Hice Aice, Uice, Vice, Internal stresses, ice tendencies) and wave information (HS, Tp) 2. Global NEMO1-control GLS, NEMO 3.6 stable + CICE 5.1, control 2 with GLS vertical mixing, monthly output of U,V,T,S, W, vertical diffusivity and monthly output of sea ice (Hice Aice, Uice, Vice, Internal stresses, ice tendencies) and wave information (HS, Tp) 3. Global NEMO1-GLS, NEMO 3.6 stable + CICE 5.1, with modified GLS vertical mixing for wind effects, monthly output of U,V,T,S, W, vertical diffusivity and monthly output of sea ice (Hice Aice, Uice, Vice, Internal stresses, ice tendencies) and wave information (HS, Tp) 4. Global NEMO1-GLS, NEMO 3.6 stable + CICE 5.1, with modified GLS vertical mixing for wave effects, monthly output of U,V,T,S, W, vertical diffusivity and monthly output of sea ice (Hice Aice, Uice, Vice, Internal stresses, ice tendencies) and wave information (HS, Tp) 5. Global NEMO1-LM, NEMO 3.6 stable + CICE 5.1, with TKE vertical mixing and modified lateral melting scheme due to prognostics ice floes sizes, monthly output of U,V,T,S, W, vertical diffusivity and monthly output of sea ice (Hice Aice, Uice, Vice, Internal stresses, ice tendencies) and wave information (HS, Tp) 6. Global NEMO025-control, NEMO 3.6 stable + CICE 5.1, with TKE vertical mixing and modified lateral melting scheme with constant ice floes sizes, monthly output of U,V,T,S, W, vertical diffusivity and monthly output of sea ice (Hice Aice, Uice, Vice, Internal stresses, ice tendencies) and wave information (HS, Tp) 7. Global NEMO025-LM, NEMO 3.6 stable + CICE 5.1, with TKE vertical mixing and modified lateral melting scheme due to prognostics ice floes sizes, monthly output of U,V,T,S, W, vertical diffusivity and monthly output of sea ice (Hice Aice, Uice, Vice, Internal stresses, ice tendencies) and wave information (HS, Tp) 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2017 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The results improve mixed layer depth simulations in the global models, providing ways to improve physical and biogeochemical model biases in the present climate model runs. The results feed in the NERC projects LTSM ORCHESTRA/ENCORE, "Towards the Marginal Arctic Sea Ice", PREMelt and LTSS CLASS and in inform the NEMO-SI3 model development strategy. 
URL https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/428655/
 
Title Off-line pan-Arctic model of the coastal permafrost erosion 
Description Off-line pan-Arctic model of the coastal permafrost erosion has been developed in the framework of the new coupled ocean-sea ice-waves NEMO-CICE-WW3 model. The erosion model uses inputs from the coupled ocean-sea ice-waves model and land permafrost model and allows simulating permafrost erosion rates and fluxes of the terrigeneous matter, including fluxes of carbon, nutrients and contaminants. The developed model follows closely Wight's model (Barnhart 2014) and calculates coastal erosion due to wave action and sea level change anomalies, with added permafrost probability and adjustment for rocky/non rocky coast. The erosion rates depend on geological permafrost temperature, probability (PEX); ice content (ACDD) and marine parameters (SST, SWH, wave period). ACDD has the required variables to calculated organic carbon, nitrate and phosphate fluxes from erosion rates. 
Type Of Material Computer model/algorithm 
Year Produced 2022 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Arctic coastal erosion is an increasing problem via threat to infrastructure, also it affects the marine environment. Arctic coast is mainly soft sediment permafrost. Sea ice protection is decreasing, leading to increased erosion from waves and melting. The pan-Arctic model of the coastal permafrost erosion model leads to the improved simulations of the marine biogeochemistry by accounting for the input of the land biogeochemical fluxes and land contaminants into the marine environment. The model offers quantitative assessments of the future erosion trends, informing mitigation scenarios of the coastal structure integrity and settlements safety. The model can be used to assess melting and collapse of the ice barrier from the waves in the Antarctica and sea level rise. 
URL https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU22/EGU22-5807.html
 
Title Simulations with the sea ice model CICE documenting the impact of improved sea ice physics 
Description Sea ice thickness data (CryoSat-2) have been used to identify and correct shortcomings in simulating winter ice growth in the widely used sea ice model CICE. Here, we provide the data from CICE simulations documenting the impact of improved sea ice physics and the sensitivity to forcing and initial data. Adding a model of snow drift and using a different scheme for calculating the ice conductivity improve model results. Sensitivity studies demonstrate that atmospheric winter conditions have little impact on winter ice growth, and the fate of Arctic summer sea ice is largely controlled by atmospheric conditions during the melting season. A full description of the data processing and uncertainties is given by Schröder et al. (2018), 'New insight from CryoSat-2 sea ice thickness for sea ice modelling', in The Cryosphere. All simulations are listed in Tables 1 to 3 of this paper. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2018 
Provided To Others? Yes  
 
Title UK Earth System Model 
Description UKESM1 (Sellar 2019) is a state-of-the-art Earth system model that consists of the following component models: The physical global climate model HadGEM3-GC3.1 (Williams 2018, Kuhlbrodt 2019), itself composed of the Unified Model atmosphere, NEMO ocean model and CICE sea ice model. Atmospheric Chemistry: UKCA interactive stratospheric-tropospheric chemistry model (Morgenstern 2009, O'Connor 2014, Archibald 2019). Atmospheric aerosols: UKCA-GLOMAP-mode stratosphere-tropospheric aerosol scheme (Mann 2014, Mulcahy 2020). Ocean biogeochemistry: MEDUSA2 intermediate complexity plankton ecosystem model Yool 2013). Terrestrial biogeochemistry: TRIFFID vegetation dynamics prognostic soil and vegetation carbon with nitrogen limitation (Clark 2011, Wiltshire 2020) Ice sheets: BISICLES land ice sheets for Antarctica & Greenland (Cornforth 2013, Smith 2020).Model components are coupled together using the OASIS3-MCT coupler (Craig 2017) 
Type Of Material Computer model/algorithm 
Year Produced 2019 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Scientific papers based on UKESM1 simulations form an important contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) - 6th Assessment Report (AR6). The IPCC provides policymakers with regular scientific assessments on climate change, its implications and potential future risks, as well putting forward adaptation and mitigation options. UKESM1 enables analysis of potential future changes in both the physical climate system (such as rainfall, temperature and storms) while also allowing analysis of changes in the Earth's biogeochemical systems, such as marine biology, forests and atmospheric gases, all within a single interacting model. UKESM1 historical and future projections have been analysed to understand the impacts on, for example, storm surges and coastal flooding, fisheries, agriculture and wind potential over discrete regions, such as the Arctic, the North Atlantic-Europe (with ACSIS) and the Southern Ocean/Antarctica (with ORCHESTRA), as well with respect to key regional phenomena, such as global monsoons and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. 
URL https://ukesm.ac.uk/portfolio-item/the-release-of-ukesm1-update/
 
Title UKESM1 CMIP6 simulation data 
Description UKESM1 simulations constitute the main contribution from the UK to the World Climate Research Program sponsored 6th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). All UKESM1 CMIP6 data is being made openly available to international researchers at the UK Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) node at the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA), see: https://esgf-index1.ceda.ac.uk/search/cmip6-ceda/ 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2019 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact CMIP6 data forms one of the main internation climate modelling supports for the 6th Assessment Report of the IPCC. 
URL https://esgf-index1.ceda.ac.uk/search/cmip6-ceda
 
Title Wave-sea ice-ocean global model NEMOv3.6-CICE5-WIM-ECWAM 
Description A partially coupled global ocean-sea ice-waves model has been developed by Drs Lucia Hosekova, Yevgeny Aksenov and Stefanie Rynders (NOC) for the model configuration NEMOv3.6-CICE5-WIM-ECWAM. The model has a fully interactive sea ice-wave model component - the Waves in Ice Module (WIM) which accounts for the process of the sea ice break up by waves, wave attenuation and propagation inside sea ice cover, wave-induced ocean mixing and melting of broken ice floes. The CICE5 model features a combined collisional-pack ice rheology, Elastic-Viscous-Plastic-Collisional rheology (EVPC) also developed and implemented by Drs Stefanie Rynders and Yevgeny Aksenov from the theoretical and analytical development by Feltham (2005), with several updates, including numerical solver for sea ice kinetic energy (granular temperature) evolution, and wave surge pressure. CICE5-WIM module simulates prognostic parameters of the sea ice floe sizes distribution, while using semi-empirical power law reconstruction of the floe sizes distribution after wave break up. CICE5-WIM modelling component is fully coupled to the ocean model NEMO and the whole modelling system is forced with the atmospheric re-analysis DFS5 and the wave fields from ECMWF wave model WAM (ECWAM). The partially coupled model has been configured and tested for the decadal integrations at 1 deg. and 1/4 deg. horizontal resolution (NEMO model grid). Digital Object Identifier 10.1007/978-3-030-80439-8_12 
Type Of Material Computer model/algorithm 
Year Produced 2017 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The model improves predictions of the ocean and sea state in the ice covered areas, with applications for climate, forecasting, off-shore safety and marine industries by providing additional and more accurate information on the sea state in the ice-covered oceans, ice drift and dynamical ice stresses, ice fragmentation and floe sizes and the state of the upper ocean and mixed layer. The model development improved mixed layer depth simulations in the global models, providing ways to improve physical and biogeochemical model biases in the present climate model runs. The model is not more computationally expensive to run than conventional NEMO-CICE model, opening a way for the multi-decadal present and future climate simulations. The results feed in the NERC projects LTSM ORCHESTRA/ENCORE, "Towards the Marginal Arctic Sea Ice", PREMelt and LTSS CLASS and in inform the NEMO-SI3 model development strategy. 
URL https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80439-8_12
 
Description EU ALBATROSS Programme lead by ESA on global tides in polar areas from models and satellites. 
Organisation European Space Agency
Country France 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution Collaboration between NOC (external partner) and EU ALBATROSS Programme lead by ESA on global tides in polar areas from models and satellites is focused on improvement of tidal simulations in climate large scale models.
Collaborator Contribution Partners deliver global tides data from satellites and advanced tidal hydrodynamical modelling.
Impact Global tides data from satellites has been collected.
Start Year 2020
 
Description Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) Programme 
Organisation Alfred-Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
Country Germany 
Sector Private 
PI Contribution Retreating Arctic sea ice is expected to change the way the ocean interacts with the atmosphere, which will affect the Arctic ecosystems. Te partnership helps to understand how the sea ice decline and the longer summer season will change the pathways of nutrients which enter the Arctic Ocean from the Atlantic and Pacific.
Collaborator Contribution The partners are to examine how the differences between parts of the Arctic ecosystem may change and combine in situ measurements from MOSAiC fieldwork with ultra-high-resolution computer modelling to quantify current and future changes in the Arctic ecosystems.
Impact A full year of extreme sea-ice and atmosphere conditions in the Eurasian Arctic: the OCEAN environment during MOSAiC Benjamin Rabe1, Céline Heuzé2, and the MOSAiC OCEAN Team: Yevgeny Aksenov , NOCS ; Jacob Allerholt , AWI ; Marylou Athanase , LOCEAN-IPSL ; Chris Basque , WHOI ; Dorothea Bauch , GEOMAR ; Till Baumann , UiB ; Dake Chen , SIO ; Silvia Cole , WHOI ; Sam Cornish , U Oxford ; Lisa Craw , U Tasmania ; Andrew Davies , WHOI ; Dmitry Divine , NPI/HAVOC ; Francesca Doglioni , AWI ; Falk Ebert , Herder-Gymnasium Berlin ; Carina Engicht , AWI ; Ying-Chih Fang , AWI ; Ilker Fer , UIB ; Mats Granskog , NPI/HAVOC ; Rainer Graupner , AWI ; Hailun He , SIO China ; Yan He , FIO ; Céline Heuzé , U Gotheburg ; Mario Hoppmann , AWI ; Markus Janout , AWI ; David Kadko , FIU ; Torsten Kanzow , AWI ; Salar Karam , U Gothenburg ; Yusuke Kawaguchi , Uni. Tokyo ; Zoe Koenig , UIB ; Bin Kong , FIO ; Rick Krishfield , WHOI ; David Kuhlmey , AWI ; Ivan Kuznetsov , AWI ; Musheng Lan , PRIC ; Ruibo Lei , PRIC ; Tao Li , OUC ; Long Lin , SIO ; Hailong Liu , SJTU ; Na Liu , FIO ; Xiaobing Ma , FIO ; Rosalie MacKay , NTNU ; Maria Mallet , AWI ; Robbie Mallet , UCL ; Wieslaw Maslowski , NPS ; Christian Mertens , Uni Bremen ; Volker Mohrholz , IOW ; Matthias Monsees , AWI ; Morven Muilwijk , UiB ; Jeff O'Brien , WHOI ; Algot Peterson , UIB ; Pierre Priou , U Newfoundland ; Benjamin Rabe , AWI ; Julia Regnery , AWI ; Jian Ren , SIO ; Natalia Ribeiro Santos , U Tasmania ; Janin Schaffer , AWI ; Ingo Schuffenhauer , IOW ; Kirstin Schulz , AWI ; William Shaw , NPS ; Timothy Stanton , NPS ; Mark Stephens , FIU ; Jie Su , OUC ; Natalia Sukhikh , Uni Bremen ; Arild Sundfjord , NPI/HAVOC ; Sandra Tippenhauer , AWI ; John Toole , WHOI ; Pedro Torre , NTNU ; Jutta Vernaleken , AWI ; Myriel Vredenborg , AWI ; Hangzhou Wang , ZJU ; Lei Wang , BMU ; Yuntao Wang , SIO ; Bai Youcheng , SIO ; Jinping Zhao , OUC ; Meng Zhou , SJTU ; Jialiang Zhu , OUC., EGU21-1794, updated on 10 Mar 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-1794 EGU General Assembly 2021
Start Year 2018
 
Description National Partnership for Ocean Prediction - NPOP 
Organisation Centre For Environment, Fisheries And Aquaculture Science
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution I lead the ecosystem models Action Group
Collaborator Contribution the partnership has the aim to promote the use of operational oceanography for marine and maritime policy, management and industries
Impact the partnership organised workshops, conferences and meeting with stakeholders. It is multidisciplnary, involving physical and biological oceanographer, ecosystem modeller, remote sensing scientists and data assimilation scientists
Start Year 2016
 
Description National Partnership for Ocean Prediction - NPOP 
Organisation Meteorological Office UK
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution I lead the ecosystem models Action Group
Collaborator Contribution the partnership has the aim to promote the use of operational oceanography for marine and maritime policy, management and industries
Impact the partnership organised workshops, conferences and meeting with stakeholders. It is multidisciplnary, involving physical and biological oceanographer, ecosystem modeller, remote sensing scientists and data assimilation scientists
Start Year 2016
 
Description National Partnership for Ocean Prediction - NPOP 
Organisation National Oceanography Centre
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution I lead the ecosystem models Action Group
Collaborator Contribution the partnership has the aim to promote the use of operational oceanography for marine and maritime policy, management and industries
Impact the partnership organised workshops, conferences and meeting with stakeholders. It is multidisciplnary, involving physical and biological oceanographer, ecosystem modeller, remote sensing scientists and data assimilation scientists
Start Year 2016
 
Description Programme "Wave-induced structural gradients in Antarctic sea ice cover, ANTGRAD" 
Organisation Aalto University
Country Finland 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Collaboration between NOC (external partner), the Aalto University, Finland (programme lead) and Finish Meteorological Institute has been set-up in the Programme "Wave-induced structural gradients in Antarctic sea ice cover, ANTGRAD". The programme runs 2021-2024 and examines ocean energy decay in the ice-covered regions to understand impacts on the future ocean climates and improve both the observational capacities and the model development for the climate research and forecasting in the ice-covered oceans. The programme includes modelling, remote sensing, lab experiments in the Aalto Ice Tank and measurement using Agulhas II.
Collaborator Contribution The programme includes modelling, remote sensing, lab experiments in the Aalto Ice Tank and measurements on sea ice and waves using Agulhas II.
Impact Data on sea ice and waves in the Southern Ocean to validate model performance have been collected during Agulhas II cruise. Undergoes QC checks, will be publicly available.
Start Year 2021
 
Description The next phase of the Community Ocean Wave Climate (COWCliP) model intercomparison project. https://cowclip.org/ 
Organisation Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
Country Australia 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution NOC participates in the next phase the next phase of the Community Ocean Wave Climate (COWCliP) model intercomparison project, led by CSIRO, Australia, and endorsed by WMO/IPCC. https://cowclip.org/ . This is a worldwide collaboration between ocean-sea ice-wave modelling groups. NOC provides climate simulations with global wave-NEMO-sea ice model, for the current and future projected climates.
Collaborator Contribution Partners provide climate simulations from ensembles of global waves models.
Impact Project has just started.
Start Year 2022
 
Description UK LTS-M Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study Programme (ACSIS)" (NE/N018044/1) 
Organisation British Antarctic Survey
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments.
Collaborator Contribution Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments.
Impact Publication: Robson, J., Aksenov, Y., Bracegirdle, T. J., Dimdore-Miles, O., Griffiths, P. T., Grosvenor, D. P., ... & Wilcox, L. J. (2020). The evaluation of the North Atlantic climate system in UKESM1 historical simulations for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(9), e2020MS002126.
Start Year 2019
 
Description UK LTS-M Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study Programme (ACSIS)" (NE/N018044/1) 
Organisation Meteorological Office UK
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments.
Collaborator Contribution Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments.
Impact Publication: Robson, J., Aksenov, Y., Bracegirdle, T. J., Dimdore-Miles, O., Griffiths, P. T., Grosvenor, D. P., ... & Wilcox, L. J. (2020). The evaluation of the North Atlantic climate system in UKESM1 historical simulations for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(9), e2020MS002126.
Start Year 2019
 
Description UK LTS-M Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study Programme (ACSIS)" (NE/N018044/1) 
Organisation National Centre for Earth Observation
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments.
Collaborator Contribution Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments.
Impact Publication: Robson, J., Aksenov, Y., Bracegirdle, T. J., Dimdore-Miles, O., Griffiths, P. T., Grosvenor, D. P., ... & Wilcox, L. J. (2020). The evaluation of the North Atlantic climate system in UKESM1 historical simulations for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(9), e2020MS002126.
Start Year 2019
 
Description UK LTS-M Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study Programme (ACSIS)" (NE/N018044/1) 
Organisation Plymouth Marine Laboratory
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments.
Collaborator Contribution Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments.
Impact Publication: Robson, J., Aksenov, Y., Bracegirdle, T. J., Dimdore-Miles, O., Griffiths, P. T., Grosvenor, D. P., ... & Wilcox, L. J. (2020). The evaluation of the North Atlantic climate system in UKESM1 historical simulations for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(9), e2020MS002126.
Start Year 2019
 
Description UK LTS-M Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study Programme (ACSIS)" (NE/N018044/1) 
Organisation University of Cambridge
Department Department of Chemistry
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments.
Collaborator Contribution Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments.
Impact Publication: Robson, J., Aksenov, Y., Bracegirdle, T. J., Dimdore-Miles, O., Griffiths, P. T., Grosvenor, D. P., ... & Wilcox, L. J. (2020). The evaluation of the North Atlantic climate system in UKESM1 historical simulations for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(9), e2020MS002126.
Start Year 2019
 
Description UK LTS-M Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study Programme (ACSIS)" (NE/N018044/1) 
Organisation University of Leeds
Department School of Earth and Environment
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments.
Collaborator Contribution Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments.
Impact Publication: Robson, J., Aksenov, Y., Bracegirdle, T. J., Dimdore-Miles, O., Griffiths, P. T., Grosvenor, D. P., ... & Wilcox, L. J. (2020). The evaluation of the North Atlantic climate system in UKESM1 historical simulations for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(9), e2020MS002126.
Start Year 2019
 
Description UK LTS-M Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study Programme (ACSIS)" (NE/N018044/1) 
Organisation University of Oxford
Department Department of Physics
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments.
Collaborator Contribution Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments.
Impact Publication: Robson, J., Aksenov, Y., Bracegirdle, T. J., Dimdore-Miles, O., Griffiths, P. T., Grosvenor, D. P., ... & Wilcox, L. J. (2020). The evaluation of the North Atlantic climate system in UKESM1 historical simulations for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(9), e2020MS002126.
Start Year 2019
 
Description UK LTS-M Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study Programme (ACSIS)" (NE/N018044/1) 
Organisation University of Reading
Department Department of Meteorology
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments.
Collaborator Contribution Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments.
Impact Publication: Robson, J., Aksenov, Y., Bracegirdle, T. J., Dimdore-Miles, O., Griffiths, P. T., Grosvenor, D. P., ... & Wilcox, L. J. (2020). The evaluation of the North Atlantic climate system in UKESM1 historical simulations for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(9), e2020MS002126.
Start Year 2019
 
Description UKESM project 
Organisation Meteorological Office UK
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution NERC members of this project work closely with Met Office colleagues on a daily basis on all aspects of UKESM development and application.
Collaborator Contribution The Met Office contribute eight FTE into the UKESM project. These staff are managed by myself and contribute to the development, application and analysis of UKESM models.
Impact Numerous papers listed in the publications section are joint papers. Developement and release of the UKESM1 model would not have been possible without this collaboration.
Start Year 2013
 
Title ARC36 stand-alone SI3 Arctic configuration 
Description SI3 regional configuration of the Arctic This is a configuration of the NEMO community ocean model based on the ORCA2_SAS_ICE reference configuration. The NEMO code is available from https://forge.nemo-ocean.eu/nemo/nemo. This configuration has a resolution of 1/36 degree and is a cut-out of the global 1/36 configuration: https://github.com/immerse-project/ORCA36-demonstrator. The code base is a pre-4.2.0 NEMO version, the model source code can be found in the file src_tar. Model setup Follow the instructions on https://sites.nemo-ocean.io/user-guide/index.html to download and install the NEMO model version 4.2.0. Swap the src directory for the one in the tar file src_tar. Compile the ORCA2_SAS_ICE reference configuration. Put the rest of the files in this zenodo archive in the EXP00 directory, except the namelist_cfg_for_DOMAINcfg file which goes into tools/DOMAINcfg along with the grid files to be downloaded later. The files provided include example configuration namelist files namelist_cfg and namelist_ice_cfg. The atmospheric forcing used is the Drakkar forcing set (DFS) version 5.2, year 2008. The atmospheric forcing is interpolated on-the-fly, using the weights files. The weights were calculated using the nemo WEIGHTS tool. For the ocean (bottom) boundary the World Ocean Atlas 2018 multidecadal monthly averages are used. The data is already interpolated onto the ARC36 grid. Interpolation was done using the SOSIE tool. Files provided are monthly averages of sea surface salinity and temperature. Finally, the model grid domain_cfg.nc needs to be created. Download the ORCA36 files from ftp://ftp.mercator-ocean.fr/download/users/cbricaud/BENCH-ORCA36-INPUT.tar.gz, see the ORCA36 demonstrator github page. The necessary files are the coordinates and bathymetry files. To cut out the Arctic domain use ncks -F -d y,7000,,1 in.nc out.nc. Put in tools/DOMAINcfg and use the DOMAINcfg NEMO tool to create the domain_cfg.nc file using the file namelist_cfg_for_DOMAINcfg as namelist_cfg. The resulting file is large (122GB) therefore executing in parallel mode is required. The individual processor files need to be merged into one, use the REBUILD_NEMO tool. Put the resulting domain_cfg.nc file into EXP00 and run NEMO following the instructions. The ARC36 configuration was set up and run on ARCHER2 using 594 NEMO processors and 12 XIOS processors. 
Type Of Technology Software 
Year Produced 2022 
Open Source License? Yes  
Impact The Elastic-Anisotropic-Plastic sea ice rheology simulates more accurately ice dynamics and open water leads than. the conventional rheologies, improving air-ocean momentum and heat coupling in the models. This leads to the improvement of the forecasts, CMEMS re-analysis and climate simulations. The research is done under the NERC Project "PRE-MELT" 15 (NE/T000260/1) and European Union's Horizon 2020 research and from the innovation programme under grant agreement No 821926 (project IMMERSE-Improving Models for Marine EnviRonment SErvices). The repository fulfils the public data access requirements of these projects. 
URL https://zenodo.org/record/6327871
 
Title BGC-val: Biogeochemical model evaluation suite 
Description The BGC-val model evaluation suite. This is a python toolkit to evaluation marine models from netcdf to html. This release is associated with the paper submitted to Geoscientific Model Development: BGC-val: a model and grid independent python toolkit to evaluate marine biogeochemical models, Lee de Mora, Andrew Yool, Julien Palmieri, Alistair Sellar, Till Kuhbrodt, Ekaterina Popova, Colin Jones, and J. Icarus Allen, Geoscientific Model Development, 2018. gmd-2018-103 This file is the version 1.0.1 of BGC-val which is associated with the final version of the GMD paper. The previous beta version (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1215935) has been superseded by this version. A fully functional and documented snapshot of the BGC-val toolkit with an associated DOI address will be permanently available via the Zenodo service, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1320830. An up to date version will be available at via our in-house gitlab server: https://gitlab.ecosystem-modelling.pml.ac.uk/BGC-val-users/bgc-val Registration for the gitlab server is required: http://www.pml.ac.uk/Modelling_at_PML/Access_Code 
Type Of Technology Software 
Year Produced 2018 
Open Source License? Yes  
Impact This toolkit has been used for monitoring the spin up of the UKESM, speeding up the turnover of model production and validation iterations, while strengthening the role of collaboration between the multiple sites who contribute to the UKESM. Outside of the UKESM, this toolkit has also been applied to the NEMO-ERSEM model in the North Atlantic domain, to POLCOMS-ERSEM in the GCOMS North East Asia domain, and to many CMIP5 models products. 
URL https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/11/4215/2018/
 
Title Combined sea ice rheology code 
Description Fortran90 model code to account for the impacts of sea ice fragmentation by waves on sea ice rheology and dynamics. The model has been developed at the National Oceanography Centre by Drs Stefanie Rynders and Yevgeny Aksenov and has been included in the coupled and forced ocean-sea ice-waves NEMO(v3.6/v4.0+)-CICE5-ECMWF-WAM/WW3 configurations. 
Type Of Technology Software 
Year Produced 2019 
Open Source License? Yes  
Impact It is made freely available through the UK NERC/UKMO Joint Sea Ice Modelling Programme and is widely used by the UK research community. 
URL https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80439-8_13
 
Title Coupled wave-sea ice-ocean global model 
Description A fully coupled global ocean-sea ice-waves model has been developed for the model configuration NEMOv3.6-CICE5-WW3. 2022. Code author: Dr Stefanie Rynders. 
Type Of Technology Software 
Year Produced 2022 
Open Source License? Yes  
Impact Improved predictions of the ocean and sea state in the ice covered areas, with applications for climate, forecasting, off-shore safety and marine industries. 
URL https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80439-8_12
 
Title ESMValCore 
Description ESMValCore: A community tool for pre-processing data from Earth system models in CMIP and running analysis scripts. 
Type Of Technology Software 
Year Produced 2020 
Open Source License? Yes  
Impact This is the underlying processing core to the ESMValTool toolkit. 
URL https://esmvaltool.readthedocs.io
 
Title ESMValTool 2.3 
Description ESMValTool: A community diagnostic and performance metrics tool for routine evaluation of Earth system models in CMIP. 
Type Of Technology Software 
Year Produced 2021 
Open Source License? Yes  
Impact Used this code in several projects, including the IPCC AR6 WG1 chapters 3 and 9. 
URL https://github.com/ESMValGroup/ESMValTool
 
Title ESMValTool 2.4 
Description ESMValTool is A community diagnostic and performance metrics tool for routine evaluation of Earth system models in CMIP. 
Type Of Technology Software 
Year Produced 2021 
Open Source License? Yes  
Impact Deployed it in several projects, UKESM, CRACAB, TerraFirma, and used it to contribute to the IPCC AR6 WG1 chapters 3 & 9. 
URL https://github.com/ESMValGroup/ESMValTool
 
Title ESMValTool v2 (beta) 
Description ESMValTool v2: A community diagnostic and performance metrics tool for routine evaluation of Earth system models in CMIP. 
Type Of Technology Webtool/Application 
Year Produced 2019 
Open Source License? Yes  
Impact This toolkit is being used to evaluate CMIP5 and CMIP6 models. We also expect to use this toolkit to evaluate UKESM1 in the near future. Please note that L. de Mora is only one of a dozen or so contributions to this toolkit. 
URL http://esmvaltool.readthedocs.io/en/version2_development
 
Title ESMValTool: A community diagnostic and performance metrics tool for routine evaluation of Earth system models in CMIP. 
Description The Earth System Model Evaluation Tool (ESMValTool) is a community-development that aims at improving diagnosing and understanding of the causes and effects of model biases and inter-model spread. The ESMValTool is open to both users and developers encouraging open exchange of diagnostic source code and evaluation results from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) ensemble. This will facilitate and improve ESM evaluation beyond the state-of-the-art and aims at supporting the activities within CMIP and at individual modelling centers. We envisage running the ESMValTool routinely on the CMIP model output utilizing observations available through the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) in standard formats (obs4MIPs) or made available at ESGF nodes. 
Type Of Technology Software 
Year Produced 2020 
Open Source License? Yes  
Impact Widely used to evaluate CMIP6 models in and outside of IPCC reports. 
URL https://esmvaltool.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
 
Title FABM-MEDUSA 
Description FABM-MEDUSA: a modular implementation of the Model of Ecosystem Dynamics, nutrient Utilization, Sequestration and Acidification (MEDUSA; https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1767-2013) within the Framework for Aquatic Biogeochemical Models (FABM; http://fabm.net). 
Type Of Technology Software 
Year Produced 2020 
Open Source License? Yes  
URL https://zenodo.org/record/4068218
 
Title FABM-MEDUSA 
Description FABM-MEDUSA: a modular implementation of the Model of Ecosystem Dynamics, nutrient Utilization, Sequestration and Acidification (MEDUSA; https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1767-2013) within the Framework for Aquatic Biogeochemical Models (FABM; http://fabm.net). 
Type Of Technology Software 
Year Produced 2020 
Open Source License? Yes  
URL https://zenodo.org/record/4068217
 
Title Forced-partially coupled model configuration NEMOv3.6-CICE5-ECWAM 
Description A partially coupled global ocean-sea ice-waves model has been developed by Drs Lucia Hosekova, Yevgeny Aksenov and Stefanie Rynders (NOC) for the model configuration NEMOv3.6-CICE5-WIM-ECWAM. The model has a fully interactive sea ice-wave model component - the Waves in Ice Module (WIM) which accounts for the process of the sea ice break up by waves, wave attenuation and propagation inside sea ice cover, wave-induced ocean mixing and melting of broken ice floes. The CICE5 model features a combined collisional-pack ice rheology, Elastic-Viscous-Plastic-Collisional rheology (EVPC) also developed and implemented by Drs Stefanie Rynders and Yevgeny Aksenov from the theoretical and analytical development by Feltham (2005), with several updates, including numerical solver for sea ice kinetic energy (granular temperature) evolution, and wave surge pressure. CICE5-WIM module simulates prognostic parameters of the sea ice floe sizes distribution, while using semi-empirical power law reconstruction of the floe sizes distribution after wave break up. CICE5-WIM modelling component is fully coupled to the ocean model NEMO and the whole modelling system is forced with the atmospheric re-analysis DFS5 and the wave fields from ECMWF wave model WAM (ECWAM). The partially coupled model has been configured and tested for the decadal integrations at 1 deg. and 1/4 deg. horizontal resolution (NEMO model grid). 
Type Of Technology Software 
Year Produced 2017 
Open Source License? Yes  
Impact The results improve mixed layer depth simulations in the global models, providing ways to improve physical and biogeochemical model biases in the present climate model runs. The results feed in the NERC projects LTSM ORCHESTRA/ENCORE, "Towards the Marginal Arctic Sea Ice", PREMelt and LTSS CLASS and in inform the NEMO-SI3 model development strategy. The model improves predictions of the ocean and sea state in the ice covered areas, with applications for climate, forecasting, off-shore safety and marine industries by providing additional and more accurate information on the sea state in the ice-covered oceans, ice drift and dynamical ice stresses, ice fragmentation and floe sizes and the state of the upper ocean and mixed layer. The model is not more computationally expensive to run than conventional NEMO-CICE model, opening a way for the multi-decadal present and future climate simulations. The results feed in the NERC projects LTSM ORCHESTRA/ENCORE, "Towards the Marginal Arctic Sea Ice", PREMelt and LTSS CLASS and in inform the NEMO-SI3 model development strategy. 
URL https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/428655/
 
Title Matlab model code and scripts to analyse reversibility of the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice cover in the IPCC CMIP models. 
Description Matlab model code and scripts to analyse reversibility of the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice cover in the IPCC CMIP models. The model code has been successfully applied to the CMIP6 set of models ran under the CDR-MIP scenarios with different CO2 emission pathways. The code is generic and can be used with netcdf data input stored on NEMO or geographical grids (author Stefanie Rynders). 
Type Of Technology Software 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact Matlab model code and scripts analyse reversibility of the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice cover in the IPCC CMIP models. The model code has been successfully applied to the CMIP6 set of models ran under the CDR-MIP scenarios with different CO2 emission pathways. The code is generic and can be used with netcdf data input stored on NEMO or geographical grids. The code will, be available in 2023 (a paper on results to be submitted) 
 
Title Off-line Matlab model code to automatically detect ocean gyres in the barotropic flow. 
Description Off-line Matlab model code to automatically detect ocean gyres in the barotropic flow. The code is generic and can be used with netcdf data input stored on NEMO or geographical grids (author Stefanie Rynders). 
Type Of Technology Software 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact The code to automatically detect ocean gyres in the barotropic flow from the barotropic stream functions, allowing to find out the largest connected oceanic gyres and examine their variability for ocean circulation analysis in the climate models. The code is generic and can be used with netcdf data input stored on NEMO or geographical grids (author Stefanie Rynders). 
 
Title Off-line generic pan-Arctic model code of the coastal permafrost erosion 
Description Off-line pan-Arctic Matlab model code of the coastal permafrost erosion has been developed for the framework of the new coupled ocean-sea ice-waves NEMO-CICE-WW3 model at the National Oceanography Centre by Dr Stefanie Rynders. The code is generic and can be used with netcdf data input from wave-ocean models. 
Type Of Technology Software 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact The pan-Arctic model of the coastal permafrost erosion model can provide data on erosion rates for the current and future climate states and leads to the improved simulations of the marine biogeochemistry by accounting for the input of the land biogeochemical fluxes and land contaminants into the marine environment. The model provides coastal permafrost retreat data which allows assessing risks for the shore stability, shore settlements, on-shore structures and installations and can help coastal infrastructure development planning and climate impacts mitigation. The model can used for the ice barrier erosion assessments in the Antarctica. 
URL https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU22/EGU22-5807.html
 
Title Sea ice types and provinces diagnostics software 
Description Python and Matlab diagnostics software to detect polynyas and different ice provinces (Marginal Ice Zone, pack ice, interior open water, etc.) in the model output and satellite data. The detection algorithm takes into account sea ice concentration, thickness and proximity to the coast and position/clustering of information grid cells inside ice zone. Code authors: Stefanie Rynders and Ben Barton (NOC). 
Type Of Technology Software 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Allows classification of sea ice provinces in the variety of data and for the salt flux and dense water analysis. 
URL https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/428655/
 
Title Supplementary material for manuscript: "Evaluating the physical and biogeochemical state of the global ocean component of UKESM1 in CMIP6 Historical simulation" 
Description The attached Matlab scripts were used to produce the figures that appear in a submission to Geoscientific Model Development entitled "Evaluating the physical and biogeochemical state of the global ocean component of UKESM1 in CMIP6 Historical simulation" by Yool et al. The reference number for the GMD manuscript is gmd-2020-333. The scripts are provided as is, and make use of local files that are not included here. The intention is to record the output processing and plotting methods used in the production of the manuscript. 
Type Of Technology Software 
Year Produced 2020 
Open Source License? Yes  
URL https://zenodo.org/record/4155209
 
Title Supplementary material for manuscript: "Evaluating the physical and biogeochemical state of the global ocean component of UKESM1 in CMIP6 Historical simulation" 
Description The attached Matlab scripts were used to produce the figures that appear in a submission to Geoscientific Model Development entitled "Evaluating the physical and biogeochemical state of the global ocean component of UKESM1 in CMIP6 Historical simulation" by Yool et al. The reference number for the GMD manuscript is gmd-2020-333. The scripts are provided as is, and make use of local files that are not included here. The intention is to record the output processing and plotting methods used in the production of the manuscript. 
Type Of Technology Software 
Year Produced 2020 
Open Source License? Yes  
URL https://zenodo.org/record/4155210
 
Title bgcval2: Marine Biogoechemical Validation Toolkit v2 
Description The Marine Biogoechemical Validation Toolkit v2 (bgcval2) is a python based software toolkit that was built to automate the production of a html website to help monitoring the development of the UKESM2, Terrafirma and Mission Atlantic models. 
Type Of Technology Software 
Year Produced 2023 
Impact The toolkit was used for the operational monitoring of several model simulations, including UKESM2, Terrafirma and Mission Atlantic models. 
URL https://github.com/valeriupredoi/bgcval2
 
Title ncplot v0.2.0 
Description This is a Python and command line to for automatic interactive visualization of the contents of NetCDF data. 
Type Of Technology Software 
Year Produced 2022 
Open Source License? Yes  
Impact This is a separate dependency of the increasingly used Python package nctoolkit. 
URL https://github.com/pmlmodelling/ncplot
 
Title nctoolkit v0.4.3 
Description nctoolkit is a comprehensive Python package for analyzing netCDF data on Linux and MacOS. It offers users a computationally efficient suite to carry out all key operations, including: interpolation, spatial and temporal averaging, subsetting and arithmetic operations. 
Type Of Technology Software 
Year Produced 2022 
Open Source License? Yes  
Impact This is a relatively new software package with a growing user base. It is now used widely in the PML modelling group for model validation and post-processing purposes. Usage is growing outside PML. Based on Google Analytics data, the package website is now viewed by 450-500 times per month. This figure has doubled in the last 6 months, indicating strong user growth. 
URL https://github.com/pmlmodelling/nctoolkit
 
Title pmlmodelling/nctoolkit: v0.9.0 
Description This is a major(ish) release with some breaking changes related to plotting. On pypi, cartopy has been switched to an optional dependency because it was causing installation difficulties for some users. You can now do a "complete" installation using pip to get all optional dependencies:: 
$ pip install nctoolkit[complete]
This does not impact the conda version, which will behave as before. Support is now available for Python 3.11. File paths with spaces are now supported. 
Type Of Technology Software 
Year Produced 2023 
Open Source License? Yes  
Impact The userbase of nctoolkit has grown significantly in the last year. The number of people starring the package (an indication of users) on Github grew from 16 to 53 between March 2022 and March 2023: https://star-history.com/#pmlmodelling/nctoolkit&Date. The package is now a dependency of bgcval2, a model assessment tool developed as part of the NERC funded TerraFirma project. 
URL https://zenodo.org/record/7691351
 
Description Action Plan (AP) document for the Arctic group WG4 (Predicted Ocean) of the UN Decade of the Ocean 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Championed one of the topics of the Action Plan (AP) document for the Arctic group WG4 (Predicted Ocean) of the UN Decade of the Ocean
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
 
Description Attendance at New Scientist Live, 7-9 October 2022 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact More than 20,000 visitors attended the New Scientist Live event at the Excel Centre in London's Docklands. Together with UK colleagues from the UK Met. Office and NERC centres (NCAS, CEH), we demonstrated outputs from our models and discussed these with members of the public over the 3 days of the event (I attended for 2 of these). The event included a schools day, and we were able to engage with students from late-primary to secondary ages, including a large number of students selecting either subjects to study at school or subjects to pursue in tertiary education. Engagement with visitors was often lengthy, involving discussion and questions. During this, it was common to be able to educate and persuade visitors. Separately, traffic to the UKESM website (our primary online point-of-contact) was approximately double normal rates during the event.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://ukesm.ac.uk/portfolio-item/new-scientist-live-engaging-the-public/
 
Description BBC Radio Devon Christmas lecture 2021: introduction to Earth System Models 
Form Of Engagement Activity A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact BBC Radio Devon asked me to do a Christmas lecture this year! I spoke to the wider public with 14 minutes about earth system models, marine biology, CMIP6 and the IPCC.

In the first part of the lecture, I talk about how models are made, what models look like, how models are joined together. In the second part, I talk about how we make models look realistic, how humans can impact the climate, how we forecast the future climate, and what we can do now. The original was broadcast on the 28th of December on BBC Radio Devon.

I also generated a video using the recorded audio, but that is a separate outcome. The radio broadcast of this activity does not have a DOI.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
 
Description Blue Dot Music and Science Festival 2019 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact UKESM participated in the 2019 Blue Dot Music and Science Festival, held at Jodrell Bank Observatory, July 18 to 21 2019. (https://www.discoverthebluedot.com/home).

The festival attracted tens of thousands of visitors and our stand, entitled 'UKESM: A Model Earth' consisted of a brilliant display, with puzzles, an interactive quiz and climate oriented games suitable for children and families. In addition, the primary attraction at the stand was the interactive Pufferfish globe, on which we displayed six videos illustrating different aspects of the coupled Earth system and future Earth system change. Among the videos shown, visitors had the opportunity to explore latest simulation results from the 1st version of the UK Earth system model (UKESM1), released to UK researchers last February 2019 (for more information visit https://ukesm.ac.uk/project-outcomes/model-releases/).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://www.discoverthebluedot.com/profile/ukesm:-a-model-earth
 
Description COP26 UKRI stall 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact I manned the UKRI stall at COP26 for an afternoon. I spoke with dozens of people, and we showed them all sorts of videos and shared ideas about marine science and Earth System Modelling.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
 
Description Cross currents - UKESM described through poetry 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Through the cross currents project, we prepared and presented a public facing evening of science and poetry. Each scientist was paired with a poet. First the scientist presented a short description of their work, then the poet recited a poem written on the same theme.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL http://pml.ac.uk/Media_and_events/Events/PML_Events/Poetry_and_Marine_Science
 
Description GLORIA workshop held in Madagascar, 14-16 June 2016 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Central to GLORIA research is a workshop held in Madagascar, 14-16 June 2016, where experts from the marine and climate sciences worked with Malagasy stakeholders to share information, explore adaptive solutions and develop recommendations for future action to minimize climate change impacts on marine-dependent, low-income communities.

Results from the workshop informed climate change adaptation efforts in Madagascar and elsewhere in the Western Indian Ocean and other regions where similar marine-dependent communities are also affected by rapid warming of adjacent seas.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
URL http://gullsweb.noc.ac.uk/
 
Description Interiview with BBC Radio Devon's Pippa Quelch about my role in IPCC report 
Form Of Engagement Activity A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact I did a brief interview with Pippa Quelch on BBC Radio Devon. We talked about the results of the IPCC Sixth Assessment reports, my role as a contributing author of the report, some of the headline statements and a brief discussion on climate change in the marine environment.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mQ-8fS7c6Vk
 
Description Introducing particle associated copepods in MEDUSA 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact Online newsletter item on model development at NOC with relevance to (and part-supported by) UKESM project. Item on project website and circulated via social media.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://ukesm.ac.uk/portfolio-item/introducing-particle-associated-copepods-in-medusa/
 
Description Linking Science and Policy: participated in the training by UN, webinar series "Enhancing International Scientific Cooperation: Arctic Science and Technology Advice with Ministries", organised by Division for Multilateral Diplomacy, United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), Feb-Mar 2022 (online). 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Took part in the science -policy dialogue on engaging Science and Policy through UN webinar series "Enhancing International Scientific Cooperation: Arctic Science and Technology Advice with Ministries", organised by Division for Multilateral Diplomacy, United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), Feb-Mar 2022 (online). Environmental minsters from the Arctic Circle countries, along with the Arctic Council representatives were participating in the exchange. The communication barriers between Arctic scientific communities and policy we discussed and actions to overcome these were suggested.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description NERC Into the Blue Exhibition 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact UKESM project participated at this event organised by NERC during October half-term and that was centred around the National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) research aircraft.

A total of 5250 attendees across 5 days had the opportunity to visit our UKESM stand in the 'NERC Into The Blue Exhibition' at the Runway Visitor Park in Manchester last October. Around 40 exhibitors including scientists and volunteers from all NERC Institutes, plus some UK Research Centres and Universities, showcased and engaged with adults and children on numerous aspects of environmental and natural sciences; from marine DNA and biodiversity to climate change and atmospheric research.

'What's happening to our climate? - Modelling the future' was the title of our UKESM stand. The public, lots of children among them, interacted avidly with our projecting globe, games and quizzes. The PufferSphere globe borrowed for this particular event from the University of Reading, was a really engaging and educational attraction. Visitors could see and learn from a series of short movies projected inside the globe showing different aspects of the Earth system, including how carbon dioxide in the atmosphere moves across the planet, oceans currents distribute heat and nutrients along oceans, ice on land and sea-level changes occur, and the future temperature rise that our models can predict. Every visitor had the opportunity to interact with the globe, learn and ask any question to the UKESM team members present there. In addition, our stand had learning materials and information displayed in the form of three posters about (1) What is an ESM and its components, (2) How to model the climate, and (3) What do climate models tell us about the future; together with information leaflets and climate change quizzes for all audiences. The children's favourite though was our games. We had a simple and educative online 'Drag and drop puzzle game on ESM components' (you can play the game online) in a flat screen connected to a laptop, which was extremely popular among children ranged 7-12 years old. We also developed for this event a game named Climate spinner, to help explain uncertainty and the likelihood to increase global mean temperature from present day and its relationship to the different scenarios (socioeconomic pathways).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
URL https://ukesm.ac.uk/portfolio-item/ukesm-at-into-the-blue/
 
Description NOC annual science open day 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact The NOC annual science open day is open to the general public, with typically 500+ people of all ages and interests visiting the centre.

The modelling exhibition uses electronic displays, latterly interactive ones, to illustrate the properties of the ocean - physical and biological - that are the focus of our work. This allows us to talk to individual visitors or groups on general topics around ocean physics (circulation, seawater properties) and marine biology (productivity, nutrients), and on high-interest contemporary topics such as climate change and ocean acidification (including how these will affect general ocean properties). Ongoing Arctic change and wider Earth system science are particular focuses.

Our open day presentations aim to (a) introduce general oceanographic concepts (as illustrated by models), (b) introduce and explain the role of modelling in oceanography and Earth science, (c) entrain and inform school pupils and undergraduate students about careers and career paths in oceanography.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017,2018,2019
URL https://noc.ac.uk/education/open-days
 
Description Newsletter item: I'm A Scientist, Stay At Home (July 2020) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact Newsletter item on engagement activity undertaken during lockdown with I'm A Scientist Get Me Out Of Here organisation.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://ukesm.ac.uk/ukesm-newsletter-no-11-july-2020/
 
Description Newsletter item: UKESM1 on the Catwalk 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact Newsletter item on a collaboration with an Australian artist, Sally Lee, who utilised model outputs in clothing designs
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://ukesm.ac.uk/portfolio-item/ukesm1-on-the-catwalk/
 
Description Participation in I'm A Scientist Stay At Home online, student-led STEM enrichment activity (June-July 2020) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Since 2010, "I'm A Scientist, Get Me Out Of Here" has run an annual fortnight of online outreach events in which school students from around the UK chat with scientists. During lockdown across the UK in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, an expanded programme of "I'm A Scientist, Stay At Home" took place between May-July 2020. The format for these events was primarily online chat sessions - sometimes themed, sometimes completely open - in which students and scientists were brought together to pose and answer questions. In addition, the website hosts "Ask A Scientist", allowing questions to be posted for everyone in the community to answer.

Andrew Yool (NOC, Southampton) joined the coding, environment and "Summer 2020" zones of the event, and took part in a number of chatroom sessions. In these, around 10-15 scientists interacted with up to 30 students, answering questions on their specialisms (in this case marine biogeochemistry, Arctic science and computer modelling), as well as questions on why people became scientists, what it's like to be a scientist day-to-day, and how students can make science their career.

This activity was written up for the UKESM newsletter, https://ukesm.ac.uk/ukesm-newsletter-no-11-july-2020/.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://imascientist.org.uk/
 
Description Presentation at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP25) in Madrid for the Cryosphere Pavilion: "The New Arctic: The impact of change in Arctic Ocean sea ice on marine ecosystems and maritime industries?" 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Presented at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP25) in Madrid. Delivered a talk at the Cryosphere Pavilion on the scientific evidence for climate change impacts in the Arctic and the consequences. Title: The New Arctic: The impact of change in Arctic Ocean sea ice on marine ecosystems and maritime industries
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Public talk on marine biogeochemical modelling at the Science Cafe Southampton 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact A general talk (60 minutes) on marine biogeochemical modelling was delivered to an audience of around 20 members of the general public (17 December 2019). The talk concluded with an extended period (45 minutes) of questions and discussion.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Royal Society Summer Science Exhibition 2017 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact In the first week of July 2017, The Royal Society held their annual flagship Summer Science Exhibition, in the society's home in London. Consistently attracting tens of thousands of curious visitors each year, the exhibition remains as prestigious as it was at its creation, and an incredible opportunity for members of the scientific community to show off their work to the public and develop public understanding of the amazing work that these teams do. That year the UKESM project was one of the 22 exhibits at the event from about hundreds of applications to this high profile public unique dissemination opportunity, showcasing "the best of UK science" and visited by around 14,000 members of the public, including some schools, press and Royal Society Fellows.

UKESM's stand was the only one in the field of climate science. Our stand, 'A Model Earth' consisted of a brilliant display, puzzles, an interactive quiz, climate oriented games, information, and our crowd-pleaser: the interactive puffersphere globe, where we alternated in displaying 6 different videos to provide s visual explanations of different aspects of the Earth system. Members from all areas of the project pitched in to help on the stand throughout the week and although completely exhausting, I've yet to come across someone who didn't have an amazing and enjoyable experience.

https://royalsociety.org/science-events-and-lectures/2017/summer-science-exhibition/exhibits/a-model-earth/
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL https://royalsociety.org/science-events-and-lectures/2017/summer-science-exhibition/exhibits/a-model...
 
Description UKESM newsletter 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact The UKESM newsletter has been published regularly since 2015, and is designed to keep the Earth System Modelling community up to date on the progress and advances in the UKESM model. There have been 10 editions (as of MArch 2020), with contributions from across the UKESM Core Development group and wider LTSM project.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020
URL https://ukesm.ac.uk/category/news/newsletters/
 
Description UKESM stall at COP26 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact I manned the UKESM stall at COP26 for an afternoon. I spoke with dozens of people, and we showed them all sorts of videos and shared ideas about marine science and Earth System Modelling.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
 
Description UKESM website 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact UKESM-project official website as a hub of information regarding the project, team members, areas of work, outcomes, Newsletters, further information on events, workshops etc. Website visitors come from national as well as international locations, with an average number of 200 visitors a month in the last year (March 2018 to March 2019).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016,2017,2018,2019
URL https://ukesm.ac.uk/