The Changing Arctic Ocean Seafloor (ChAOS) - how changing sea ice conditions impact biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystems
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Bristol
Department Name: Geographical Sciences
Abstract
ChAOS will quantify the effect of changing sea ice cover on organic matter quality, benthic biodiversity, biological transformations of carbon and nutrient pools, and resulting ecosystem function at the Arctic Ocean seafloor. We will achieve this by determining the amount, source, and bioavailability of organic matter (OM) and associated nutrients exported to the Arctic seafloor; its consumption, transformation, and cycling through the benthic food chain; and its eventual burial or recycling back into the water column. We will study these coupled biological and biogeochemical processes by combining (i) a detailed study of representative Arctic shelf sea habitats that intersect the ice edge, with (ii) broad-scale in situ validation studies and shipboard experiments, (iii) manipulative laboratory experiments that will identify causal relationships and mechanisms, (iv) analyses of highly spatially and temporally resolved data obtained by the Canadian, Norwegian and German Arctic programmes to establish generality, and (v) we will integrate new understanding of controls and effects on biodiversity, biogeochemical pathways and nutrient cycles into modelling approaches to explore how changes in Arctic sea ice alter ecosystems at regional scales.
We will focus on parts of the Arctic Ocean where drastic changes in sea ice cover are the main environmental control, e.g., the Barents Sea. Common fieldwork campaigns will form the core of our research activity. Although our preferred focal region is a N-S transect along 30 degree East in the Barents Sea where ice expansion and retreat are well known and safely accessible, we will also use additional cruises to locations that share similar sediment and water conditions in Norway, retrieving key species for extended laboratory experiments that consider future environmental forcing. Importantly, the design of our campaign is not site specific, allowing our approach to be applied in other areas that share similar regional characteristics. This flexibility maximizes the scope for coordinated activities between all programme consortia (pelagic or benthic) should other areas of the Arctic shelf be preferable once all responses to the Announcement of Opportunity have been evaluated.
In support of our field campaign, and informed by the analysis of field samples and data obtained by our international partners (in Norway, Canada, USA, Italy, Poland and Germany), we will conduct a range of well-constrained laboratory experiments, exposing incubated natural sediment to environmental conditions that are most likely to vary in response to the changing sea ice cover, and analysing the response of biology and biogeochemistry to these induced changes in present versus future environments (e.g., ocean acidification, warming). We will use existing complementary data sets provided by international project partners to achieve a wider spatial and temporal coverage of different parts of the Arctic Ocean. The unique combination of expertise (microbiologists, geochemists, ecologists, modellers) and facilities across eight leading UK research institutions will allow us to make new links between the quantity and quality of exported OM as a food source for benthic ecosystems, the response of the biodiversity and ecosystem functioning across the full spectrum of benthic organisms, and the effects on the partitioning of carbon and nutrients between recycled and buried pools. To link the benthic sub-system to the Arctic Ocean as a whole, we will establish close links with complementary projects studying biogeochemical processes in the water column, benthic environment (and their interactions) and across the land-ocean transition. This will provide the combined data sets and process understanding, as well as novel, numerically efficient upscaling tools, required to develop predictive models (e.g., MEDUSA) that allow for a quantitative inclusion seafloor into environmental predictions of the changing Arctic Ocean.
We will focus on parts of the Arctic Ocean where drastic changes in sea ice cover are the main environmental control, e.g., the Barents Sea. Common fieldwork campaigns will form the core of our research activity. Although our preferred focal region is a N-S transect along 30 degree East in the Barents Sea where ice expansion and retreat are well known and safely accessible, we will also use additional cruises to locations that share similar sediment and water conditions in Norway, retrieving key species for extended laboratory experiments that consider future environmental forcing. Importantly, the design of our campaign is not site specific, allowing our approach to be applied in other areas that share similar regional characteristics. This flexibility maximizes the scope for coordinated activities between all programme consortia (pelagic or benthic) should other areas of the Arctic shelf be preferable once all responses to the Announcement of Opportunity have been evaluated.
In support of our field campaign, and informed by the analysis of field samples and data obtained by our international partners (in Norway, Canada, USA, Italy, Poland and Germany), we will conduct a range of well-constrained laboratory experiments, exposing incubated natural sediment to environmental conditions that are most likely to vary in response to the changing sea ice cover, and analysing the response of biology and biogeochemistry to these induced changes in present versus future environments (e.g., ocean acidification, warming). We will use existing complementary data sets provided by international project partners to achieve a wider spatial and temporal coverage of different parts of the Arctic Ocean. The unique combination of expertise (microbiologists, geochemists, ecologists, modellers) and facilities across eight leading UK research institutions will allow us to make new links between the quantity and quality of exported OM as a food source for benthic ecosystems, the response of the biodiversity and ecosystem functioning across the full spectrum of benthic organisms, and the effects on the partitioning of carbon and nutrients between recycled and buried pools. To link the benthic sub-system to the Arctic Ocean as a whole, we will establish close links with complementary projects studying biogeochemical processes in the water column, benthic environment (and their interactions) and across the land-ocean transition. This will provide the combined data sets and process understanding, as well as novel, numerically efficient upscaling tools, required to develop predictive models (e.g., MEDUSA) that allow for a quantitative inclusion seafloor into environmental predictions of the changing Arctic Ocean.
Planned Impact
ChAOS has the potential to generate impact, beyond the academic community, that will benefit a number of groups or organisations:
The major deliverables of ChAOS will be of direct relevance to stakeholders with an interest in Arctic marine ecology and multiple use of the benthic environment. We will target beneficiaries at a range of levels, in particular 'hard to reach groups' from different local communities. Engagement with stakeholders and beneficiaries will be overseen by the module leaders, and co-ordinated fully by PI Maerz and Communication Officer Kate Lock (Leeds). We will hold an early impact meeting at the start of the grant for all consortium members, in order to co-ordinate our efforts across the entire research group.
At the community level, we will focus on reaching indigenous people, local councils, and regulatory bodies (in the UK and Arctic countries), who will benefit from a greater understanding of the sustainable and multiple use of the seafloor. On national levels, we will communicate directly with government organisations DEFRA and CEFAS to ensure our project outcomes directly inform political decision making in the UK. We will also engage with national organisations within the Arctic countries, including the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP, a working group of the Arctic Council); Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment (PAME) and MAREANO. We will also forge links with the commercial and industrial sector - via official bodies both in the UK, such as the Renewable Energy Association, and in Arctic nations, such as working groups of the Arctic Council - and non-government organisations such as the World Wildlife Fund. We will form an Advisory Committee that consists of representatives from all of the government, industry and NGO stakeholders, which will meet twice yearly including a virtual link up to Arctic partners, and we will host a stakeholders' workshop towards the end of the project at the University of Leeds. We will encourage PhDs and postdocs to attend the NERC policy placement fellowship scheme.
We will engage with members of the public, in particular 'hard to reach' sectors of the community through exploring partnerships with dedicated organizations, such as the Active Learning Partnership. Public outreach will be led by a Communications Team who will focus on the broader importance of understanding future impacts on Arctic ecosystems. Firstly, we will involve project participants through direct communication with the public, through school visits and by participation on national and local events (e.g. Pint of Science, Soapbox Science, Royal Society events). Secondly, we will work with an experienced science journalist, Helen Scales, to produce a radio documentary and features for national and international magazines and websites, in order to broaden our audience further. We will build on successful programme sites (e.g. NERC Planet Earth) to promote our outreach products from the stakeholders' workshop and other meetings, and will publicise our events through social media.
All students, PDRAs and early career researchers across the consortium will be encouraged to undertake training in engagement and science communication activities, and take part in work shadowing of more established colleagues. The Communication Officer will work closely with each institute to monitor and ensure timely delivery of outreach, effective impact and assessment of feedback, assisted by the early career researchers on the project.
The major deliverables of ChAOS will be of direct relevance to stakeholders with an interest in Arctic marine ecology and multiple use of the benthic environment. We will target beneficiaries at a range of levels, in particular 'hard to reach groups' from different local communities. Engagement with stakeholders and beneficiaries will be overseen by the module leaders, and co-ordinated fully by PI Maerz and Communication Officer Kate Lock (Leeds). We will hold an early impact meeting at the start of the grant for all consortium members, in order to co-ordinate our efforts across the entire research group.
At the community level, we will focus on reaching indigenous people, local councils, and regulatory bodies (in the UK and Arctic countries), who will benefit from a greater understanding of the sustainable and multiple use of the seafloor. On national levels, we will communicate directly with government organisations DEFRA and CEFAS to ensure our project outcomes directly inform political decision making in the UK. We will also engage with national organisations within the Arctic countries, including the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP, a working group of the Arctic Council); Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment (PAME) and MAREANO. We will also forge links with the commercial and industrial sector - via official bodies both in the UK, such as the Renewable Energy Association, and in Arctic nations, such as working groups of the Arctic Council - and non-government organisations such as the World Wildlife Fund. We will form an Advisory Committee that consists of representatives from all of the government, industry and NGO stakeholders, which will meet twice yearly including a virtual link up to Arctic partners, and we will host a stakeholders' workshop towards the end of the project at the University of Leeds. We will encourage PhDs and postdocs to attend the NERC policy placement fellowship scheme.
We will engage with members of the public, in particular 'hard to reach' sectors of the community through exploring partnerships with dedicated organizations, such as the Active Learning Partnership. Public outreach will be led by a Communications Team who will focus on the broader importance of understanding future impacts on Arctic ecosystems. Firstly, we will involve project participants through direct communication with the public, through school visits and by participation on national and local events (e.g. Pint of Science, Soapbox Science, Royal Society events). Secondly, we will work with an experienced science journalist, Helen Scales, to produce a radio documentary and features for national and international magazines and websites, in order to broaden our audience further. We will build on successful programme sites (e.g. NERC Planet Earth) to promote our outreach products from the stakeholders' workshop and other meetings, and will publicise our events through social media.
All students, PDRAs and early career researchers across the consortium will be encouraged to undertake training in engagement and science communication activities, and take part in work shadowing of more established colleagues. The Communication Officer will work closely with each institute to monitor and ensure timely delivery of outreach, effective impact and assessment of feedback, assisted by the early career researchers on the project.
Publications
Faust JC
(2021)
Millennial scale persistence of organic carbon bound to iron in Arctic marine sediments.
in Nature communications
Freitas FS
(2020)
Benthic-pelagic coupling in the Barents Sea: an integrated data-model framework.
in Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences
März C
(2022)
Biogeochemical consequences of a changing Arctic shelf seafloor ecosystem.
in Ambio
Sales De Freitas F
(2021)
Benthic Organic Matter Transformation Drives pH and Carbonate Chemistry in Arctic Marine Sediments
Stevenson MA
(2020)
Transformation of organic matter in a Barents Sea sediment profile: coupled geochemical and microbiological processes.
in Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences
Ward J
(2022)
Stable silicon isotopes uncover a mineralogical control on the benthic silicon cycle in the Arctic Barents Sea
in Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Ward J
(2022)
Benthic silicon cycling in the Arctic Barents Sea: a reaction-transport model study
in Biogeosciences
Studentship Projects
Project Reference | Relationship | Related To | Start | End | Student Name |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NE/P005942/1 | 01/02/2017 | 17/05/2022 | |||
1942899 | Studentship | NE/P005942/1 | 01/10/2017 | 18/12/2021 | James Ward |
Description | The Barents Sea is experiencing long-term climate-driven changes, e.g. modification in oceanographic conditions and extensive sea ice loss, which can lead to large, yet unquantified disruptions to ecosystem functioning. This key region hosts a large fraction of Arctic primary productivity. However, processes governing benthic and pelagic coupling are not mechanistically understood, limiting our ability to predict the impacts of future perturbations. We combine field observations with a reaction-transport model approach to quantify organic matter (OM) processing and disentangle its drivers. Sedimentary OM reactivity patterns show no gradients relative to sea ice extent, being mostly driven by seafloor spatial heterogeneity. Burial of high reactivity, marine derived OM is evident at sites influenced by Atlantic Water (AW), whereas low reactivity material is linked to terrestrial inputs on the central shelf. Degradation rates are mainly driven by aerobic respiration (40-75%), being greater at sites where highly reactive material is buried. Similarly, ammonium and phosphate fluxes are greater at those sites. The present-day AW-dominated shelf might represent the future scenario for the entire Barents Sea. Our results represent a baseline systematic understanding of seafloor geochemistry, allowing us to anticipate changes that could be imposed on the pan-Arctic in the future if climate-driven perturbations persist. |
Exploitation Route | Our findings on carbon cycling in Barents Sea sediments, and its response to climatic change, need to be taken forward by stakeholders interested in marine protection and management planning, climate projections and fisheries policy. |
Sectors | Environment |
Description | PolicyBristol: Policy report on the Central Arctic Ocean |
Amount | £2,200 (GBP) |
Organisation | University of Bristol |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 10/2019 |
End | 07/2020 |
Description | Royal Society University Research Fellowship Renewal |
Amount | £349,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | The Royal Society |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 10/2018 |
End | 09/2021 |
Description | Royal Society enhancement award |
Amount | £190,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | RGF\EA\181036 |
Organisation | The Royal Society |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 10/2018 |
End | 09/2021 |
Description | Royal Society enhancement award |
Amount | £67,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | RGF\EA\180068 |
Organisation | The Royal Society |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 10/2017 |
End | 09/2020 |
Title | BRNS baseline code for Barents Sea |
Description | Biogeochemical Reaction Network Simulator (BRNS) baseline code for the manuscript "Benthic-pelagic coupling in the Barents Sea: an integrated data-model framework" submitted to the Philosophical Transactions A of the Royal Society (Jan - 2020) |
Type Of Material | Computer model/algorithm |
Year Produced | 2020 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | The Barents Sea is experiencing long-term climate-driven changes, e.g. modification in oceanographic conditions and extensive sea ice loss, which can lead to large, yet unquantified disruptions to ecosystem functioning. This key region hosts a large fraction of Arctic primary productivity. However, processes governing benthic and pelagic coupling are not mechanistically understood, limiting our ability to predict the impacts of future perturbations. We combine field observations with a reaction-transport model approach to quantify organic matter (OM) processing and disentangle its drivers. Sedimentary OM reactivity patterns show no gradients relative to sea ice extent, being mostly driven by seafloor spatial heterogeneity. Burial of high reactivity, marine-derived OM is evident at sites influenced by Atlantic Water (AW), whereas low reactivity material is linked to terrestrial inputs on the central shelf. Degradation rates are mainly driven by aerobic respiration (40-75%), being greater at sites where highly reactive material is buried. Similarly, ammonium and phosphate fluxes are greater at those sites. The present-day AW-dominated shelf might represent the future scenario for the entire Barents Sea. Our results represent a baseline systematic understanding of seafloor geochemistry, allowing us to anticipate changes that could be imposed on the pan-Arctic in the future if climate-driven perturbations persist.This article is part of the theme issue 'The changing Arctic Ocean: consequences for biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystems'. |
URL | https://github.com/ChangingArcticOceanSeafloorModelling/Freitas_etal_PhilTransA_BenthicPelagicCoupli... |
Description | Universite Libre de Bruxelles |
Organisation | University Libre Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles ULB) |
Department | Department Geoscience, Environment & Society |
Country | Belgium |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Assistance with project research and supervision. |
Collaborator Contribution | Assistance with project research and supervision by Dr Sandra Arndt. |
Impact | Research visits, conference abstracts and papers in preparation. This collaboration is not multi-disciplinary. |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | Arctic Circle Assembly session |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | A presentation was given in a session of the 2021 Arctic Circle Assembly in Reykjavik, with approximately 100 audience members in the audience. The event sparked many questions from graduate students and policy makers. Led to an invitation to speak to the All-Party Parliamentary Group for the Polar Regions in March 2022. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Changing Arctic Ocean Seafloor Annual Meeting, University of Leeds |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | Benthic Silica Dynamic in the Barents Sea: a Pore Water and Reaction-Transport Model Study oral presentation to research group. Invoked useful discussions regarding data interpretation and collaboration with other members of the team regarding complimentary data. Involved discussions regarding how to best communicate our research to the public and to policymakers. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Changing Ice Workshop, University of Bristol |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Attendance at a workshop series focussed on inter-collaboration between physical and social scientists to discuss how to bridge connections between udnerstanding the mechanistic processes of climate change with people who have lived experience of the consequences. Also included discussions on how to best communicate research with different stakeholders, including indigenous populations and policymakers. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018,2019 |
URL | https://www.bristol.ac.uk/cabot/events/2018/changing-ice.html |
Description | Data Tree data management training workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Attendance at a workshop focussed on training for engaging with policymakers and effectively communication research to the wider community. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
URL | https://nerc.ukri.org/latest/events/list/data-tree/ |
Description | EGU presentation by Constance Lefebvre |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Talk given at EGU conference 2021 (two minute summary talk and then online poster). The talk sparked some questions and discussions. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Global Environment Research Committee meeting - expert panel member |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | The Global Environment Research Committee (GERC) panel (The Royal Society) met to discuss future UK research needs in the area of polar science. KH was invited as an expert panel member to present her views on the subject. The presentation was incorporated into a final report that will reach policy makers, via The Royal Society. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Invited talk at GEOTRACES-PAGES workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Invited talk at GEOTRACES-PAGES workshop on silica isotopes in chemical oceanography and palaeoclimate. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Pint of Science (Changing Arctic Ocean) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Pint of Science event in Bristol, co-hosted by KH and Hong-Chin Ng (postdoctoral researcher in Bristol), on the changing Arctic. Sparked conversation and questions from the audience. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Research visit to Brussels, October 2018 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | KH undertook a research visit to Brussels, which included two seminars: one at the Universite Catholique de Louvain, and one at Universite Libre de Bruxelles. Approximately 80 people attended each seminar. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | School Visits (Bristol) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | I have visited two schools in the Bristol area to teach about polar research (Arctic and Antarctic). Approximately 60 students from Kings Forest School attended the first event, and there were a wealth of questions and a lot of discussion after my talk and activities. Approximately 12 students from Elmfield School attended the event (however, note the smaller class size is because Elmfield is a Deaf school - the activities were held partially in British Sign Language). Both schools reported increased interest and enthusiasm for the subject, and I have been invited back to both in the next academic year. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017,2018 |
Description | Seminar at British Antarctic Survey |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Research seminar at the British Antarctic Survey titled "Isotope Cycling in the Labrador Sea: Tracking meltwater through time and space" |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Summer school at Concord College |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | Teaching at a summer school on ocean sciences for international students at Concord College, Shropshire. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | The Conversation article |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | The Conversation piece on the links between chemical oceanography and palaeoclimate (came directly from the GEOTRACES-PAGES workshop in December, 2018). |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
URL | https://theconversation.com/why-were-looking-for-chemicals-in-the-seabed-to-help-predict-climate-cha... |
Description | Training Parternship study days (Chemistry in Action) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | I participated in Training Partnership study days for sixth formers encouraging them to study interesting and non-laboratory applications of chemistry (i.e. chemical oceanography). Each event had approximately 500 participants, and I did a total of four events (one in Warwick University, three in the Emmanuel Centre, Westminster). I received very good feedback from a number of sources. I was also invited back for future events. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017,2018 |
URL | http://www.thetrainingpartnership.org.uk/study-days/subjects/chemistry/ |
Description | UCAS Ambassador |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
Results and Impact | UCAS ambassador for Earth Science at University of Bristol. Involved in the organisation and execution of departmental tours and presentations to applicants and post offer students. Tour size ranges from 20-40 students attending the university for a visit with the aim of increasing interest in the subject. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018,2019 |
Description | UK Arctic and Antarctic Partnership horizon scanning workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | UKAAP hosted a workshop at the UK Arctic Science meeting in Loughborough in 2019, aimed at discussing the future of UK Arctic research and research priorities. Reports were produced, now available on the UKAAP and Arctic Office websites, and will form the basis of a white paper in 2020. KH chaired the oceans group. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Virtual Reality: Using Computer Models to Learn About Arctic Climate Change |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | Article written for Frontiers for Young Minds, reviewed by school students for 8-15 year olds. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://kids.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/frym.2020.00125 |
Description | West of England Geological Association public lecture: Tracing the chemical fingerprint of glacial melt |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | A talk for approximately 50 members of WEGA, followed by questions and answers. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Workshop on scientific writing |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Science writer Dr Helen Scales led a workshop on scientific writing for the study participants and members. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |