NOSASSO: N-OSmolytes Across the Surface Southern Ocean: Environmental Drivers and Bioinformatics
Lead Research Organisation:
Plymouth Marine Laboratory
Department Name: Plymouth Marine Lab
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing compounds, including glycine betaine (GBT), choline and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) are ubiquitous in marine organisms. They are used by marine organisms as compatible solutes in response to changes in environmental conditions, such as increasing salinity, because they do not interfere with cell metabolism. They also have beneficial effects in protecting proteins against denaturation due to chemical or physical damage.
In the marine environment, these compounds are frequently released from these organisms directly into seawater due to changing environmental conditions, such as by viral lysis or grazing. The released nitrogenous osmolytes serve as important nutrients for marine microorganisms, which can use them as carbon, nitrogen and energy sources. It is well known that the degradation of these nitrogenous osmolytes contribute to the release of climate-active gases, including volatile methylamines. Methylamines are important sources of aerosols in the marine atmosphere, which help to reflect sunlight and cause a cooling effect on the climate. Our NERC-funded research is starting to understand the microbial metabolism of these compounds and their seasonal cycles in the coastal surface seawater, but our understanding across the world's oceans is limited.
Of particular importance to the Earth's climate is the Southern Ocean. The Southern Ocean is an important player in the Earth climate system, and is an ideal region to study ocean-atmosphere connections because of its isolation from continental emissions and the strong circumpolar atmospheric circulation, rendering its air pristine. Opportunities to study the Southern Ocean are rare however, and it remains under sampled even for the most routine measurements compared to the rest of the World's oceans. We have a unique opportunity within the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) to make measurements and collect samples around the entire Southern Ocean, and near Antarctica. Twenty one other international projects will also be conducting research from the same expedition, and six of these projects have excellent links to our research. Unfortunately, there are no plans for after the expedition for the projects to collaborate and integrate data, which is a real missed opportunity. This proposal aims to develop a new international network with six ACE projects and use post-cruise activities to exploit data and knowledge generated to capitalise on our NERC-funded research on nitrogenous osmolytes and to increase its international breadth.
In the marine environment, these compounds are frequently released from these organisms directly into seawater due to changing environmental conditions, such as by viral lysis or grazing. The released nitrogenous osmolytes serve as important nutrients for marine microorganisms, which can use them as carbon, nitrogen and energy sources. It is well known that the degradation of these nitrogenous osmolytes contribute to the release of climate-active gases, including volatile methylamines. Methylamines are important sources of aerosols in the marine atmosphere, which help to reflect sunlight and cause a cooling effect on the climate. Our NERC-funded research is starting to understand the microbial metabolism of these compounds and their seasonal cycles in the coastal surface seawater, but our understanding across the world's oceans is limited.
Of particular importance to the Earth's climate is the Southern Ocean. The Southern Ocean is an important player in the Earth climate system, and is an ideal region to study ocean-atmosphere connections because of its isolation from continental emissions and the strong circumpolar atmospheric circulation, rendering its air pristine. Opportunities to study the Southern Ocean are rare however, and it remains under sampled even for the most routine measurements compared to the rest of the World's oceans. We have a unique opportunity within the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) to make measurements and collect samples around the entire Southern Ocean, and near Antarctica. Twenty one other international projects will also be conducting research from the same expedition, and six of these projects have excellent links to our research. Unfortunately, there are no plans for after the expedition for the projects to collaborate and integrate data, which is a real missed opportunity. This proposal aims to develop a new international network with six ACE projects and use post-cruise activities to exploit data and knowledge generated to capitalise on our NERC-funded research on nitrogenous osmolytes and to increase its international breadth.
Planned Impact
This project addresses fundamental questions relating to marine biogeochemical cycles and climate-active gas emissions from the Southern Ocean, both of which are crucial to our understanding of climate. The work is therefore of utmost relevance to the key goal of NERC's strategy "to understand how the planet works".
The main beneficiary of the knowledge generated from this study is anticipated to be public sectors focusing on marine ecosystem services and the scientific community working on marine aerosol research and marine microbes. Marine aerosols play an important role in the Earth system, not only in climate, but also in atmospheric chemistry and human health problems. Until recently, sea-salt formation from bubble bursting and dimethylsulfide (DMS) oxidation were thought to be the main sources of marine aerosols. There is growing evidence in the past five years that methylamines play an important role in marine aerosol formation, in addition to DMS. The communication with atmospheric and aerosol chemists will be enhanced by our international data workshop, which comprises a cohort of science disciplines.
Our project also has immediate general interest for the wider public, including the general public and those in education. The images generated during the expedition and this type of work is likely to attract considerable attention in social media.
A variety of methods will be used to engage with the end-users, including the international data workshop and summary document, web news articles, and regular updates in social media via facebook and twitter.
The main beneficiary of the knowledge generated from this study is anticipated to be public sectors focusing on marine ecosystem services and the scientific community working on marine aerosol research and marine microbes. Marine aerosols play an important role in the Earth system, not only in climate, but also in atmospheric chemistry and human health problems. Until recently, sea-salt formation from bubble bursting and dimethylsulfide (DMS) oxidation were thought to be the main sources of marine aerosols. There is growing evidence in the past five years that methylamines play an important role in marine aerosol formation, in addition to DMS. The communication with atmospheric and aerosol chemists will be enhanced by our international data workshop, which comprises a cohort of science disciplines.
Our project also has immediate general interest for the wider public, including the general public and those in education. The images generated during the expedition and this type of work is likely to attract considerable attention in social media.
A variety of methods will be used to engage with the end-users, including the international data workshop and summary document, web news articles, and regular updates in social media via facebook and twitter.
Organisations
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory (Lead Research Organisation)
- University of California, Irvine (Collaboration)
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) (Collaboration)
- Paul Scherrer Institute (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX (Collaboration)
- University of East Anglia (Collaboration)
- Institute of Marine Sciences (Project Partner)
- University of Geneva (Project Partner)
- Paul Scherrer Institute (Project Partner)
- Duke University (Project Partner)
- Curtin University (Project Partner)
- University of Cape Town (Project Partner)
Publications

Airs R
(2023)
Correction to: Seasonal measurements of the nitrogenous osmolyte glycine betaine in marine temperate coastal waters
in Biogeochemistry

Airs R
(2022)
Seasonal measurements of the nitrogenous osmolyte glycine betaine in marine temperate coastal waters
in Biogeochemistry

Akenga P
(2024)
Automated Method for the Sensitive Analysis of Volatile Amines in Seawater
in ACS ES&T Water

Archer S
(2017)
Limitation of dimethylsulfoniopropionate synthesis at high irradiance in natural phytoplankton communities of the Tropical Atlantic
in Limnology and Oceanography

Dall'Osto M
(2019)
Simultaneous Detection of Alkylamines in the Surface Ocean and Atmosphere of the Antarctic Sympagic Environment
in ACS Earth and Space Chemistry

Dall'Osto M
(2017)
Antarctic sea ice region as a source of biogenic organic nitrogen in aerosols.
in Scientific reports

Fitzsimons MF
(2023)
The determination of volatile amines in aquatic marine systems: A review.
in Analytica chimica acta

Jameson E
(2019)
Deltaproteobacteria (Pelobacter) and Methanococcoides are responsible for choline-dependent methanogenesis in a coastal saltmarsh sediment.
in The ISME journal


Landwehr S
(2021)
Exploring the coupled ocean and atmosphere system with a data science approach applied to observations from the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition
in Earth System Dynamics
Description | We have discovered that N-osmolytes are higher in ice influenced regions (Dall'Osto et al., 2017). Also, rapid diurnal variation in N-osmolyte concentration has been observed (unpublished, still investigating). This study gives the first measurements of several volatile compounds, including methylamines and isoprene (via collaborators), and nitrogen osmolytes, across the Southern Ocean; added to the existing datasets of DMS and halomethanes. Trimethylamine (TMA) was the main volatile amine detected in the dissolved phase, consistent with a previous cruise (PEGASO - 2015) in the Antarctic region. Overall across the Southern Ocean, concentration of trace gases were low. Plankton abundance (biomass) alone could not predict the concentrations of all these metabolites of interest for the atmosphere. Plankton taxonomical composition and physiology also play critical roles. Levels of N-osmolytes observed during the circumnavigation were lower than those observed during the PEGASO campaign, but several regions of higher concentration were observed, and we are working with our project partners to identify the sources of concentrations observed. |
Exploitation Route | This research will give us fundamental new insights into climate relevant compounds in the Southern Ocean. The metagenome sequences will provide an important resource in an undersampled region for understanding other key genes associated with processing climate active compounds. The modelling approach will lead us to the key drivers of the distribution of N-osmolytes in the Southern Ocean. The NOSASSO workshop, held 4th-6th September 2018, aided data discussion and outputs between project partners. This also helped with discussions about how to approach a data science paper combining data from several ACE projects (Landwehr et al 2022). |
Sectors | Aerospace Defence and Marine Environment Leisure Activities including Sports Recreation and Tourism Government Democracy and Justice Security and Diplomacy |
Description | The NOSASSO project was included in a presentation at an event organised by the All Party Parliamentary Group on Polar Regions, which was to update politicians and policy makers on the UK involvement in the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition. Ruth AIrs hosted the NOSASSO international workshop, which was attended by 30 delegates from all over the world, and resulted in invitations for participation in future research activities (eg. Lausanne data workshop, research opportunities in Antarctica). Further, the group found approaches to maximise the impact of our data. |
First Year Of Impact | 2018 |
Sector | Environment |
Impact Types | Policy & public services |
Description | All Party Parliamentary Group for Polar Regions: invited to give a talk at an event for politicians, scientists and policy makers, held at the Royal Society |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
Description | Discovery grant |
Amount | £800,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | NE/P012671/1 |
Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 04/2017 |
End | 04/2020 |
Description | NERC Discovery |
Amount | £800,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | NE/R010382/1 |
Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 04/2018 |
End | 04/2021 |
Description | PhD studentship: Production of volatile nitrogen by marine algae: implications of a changing nutrient balance |
Amount | £11,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | University of East Anglia |
Department | EnvEast NERC Doctoral Training Partnership |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2018 |
End | 09/2022 |
Title | Antarcti Circumnavigation methylamine data |
Description | Methylamine dataset from Antarctic circumnavigation |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2021 |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | No notable impact |
Title | Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition sample set |
Description | We have safely transported 1500 frozen samples from Antarctica to PML. These samples were collected during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition, and are being analysed to determine the concentration of glycine betaine, choline and TMAO. |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2017 |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | This is the first sample set of its type. |
Title | Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition: Choline data leg 2 |
Description | Choline concentration data from both CTD and underway samples, for leg 2 of the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2018 |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | Used as basis for modelling, and to understand the importance of these compounds in the Southern Ocean |
Title | Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition: TMAO data leg 2 |
Description | TMAO concentration data from leg 2 of the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2018 |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | Used as basis for modelling, and understanding Southern Ocean concentrations of these compounds |
Title | Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition: glycine betaine data leg 2 |
Description | Glycine betaine concentration data from CTD and underway samples from leg 2 of the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2018 |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | Basis for modelling, and interpreting data. |
Title | Model formulation describing N-osmolyte dynamics |
Description | A new model formulation describing N-osmolytes compounds production and fate has been implemented in ERSEM |
Type Of Material | Computer model/algorithm |
Year Produced | 2017 |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | Although results are still preliminary, the above cited model provided the first numerical simulation describing N-osmolyte seasonal cycle in the Western English Channel (L4 site) |
Title | N-osmolyte model developments |
Description | Model formulation describing N-osmolyte dynamic was modified by assuming a positive feedback of these metabolites on growth and fitness of dinoflagellates under nutrient stress condition. |
Type Of Material | Computer model/algorithm |
Year Produced | 2021 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | The new model improved the simulations of N-osmolytes and phytoplankton types succession in the transition between spring and summer. The combined analysis of data and model simulations allowed to put forward a new hypothesis on the physiological role of N-osmolytes in phytoplankton |
URL | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4288840 |
Title | Simulation of the sysonal cycle of N-osmolytes in the Western English Channel (L4 station) and comparison with observations |
Description | Model simulation describing N-osmolytes in the Western English Channel. The simulation includes the year 2016 in which observational data were available for comparison |
Type Of Material | Computer model/algorithm |
Year Produced | 2017 |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | This is the first N-osmolyte simulation carried out with a complex marine ecosystem model (ERSEM). The analysis of the simulation and the comparison with the data allowed a mechanistic interpretation of the dynamics underpinning N-osmolyte seasonality. A manuscript is in preparation. |
Description | Bergen collaboration |
Organisation | Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) |
Department | Institute of Marine Sciences |
Country | Spain |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | Shipping of kit to Bergen for experiment. Analysis of samples for N-osmolytes. Data interpretation. |
Collaborator Contribution | Sampling opportunity in international Bergen experiment looking at biological and physical control of trace gas and precursor production. |
Impact | Still in progress |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | Genes to Gases Workshop |
Organisation | University of East Anglia |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Had idea of workshop, consulted UK network, workshop co-convener, presented talk, and led discussion session. |
Collaborator Contribution | Workshop organiser and co-convener |
Impact | The Genes to Gases workshop was held in June 2017, at the University of East Anglia. The workshop was multidisciplinary, included researchers from all over the UK, and covered biogeochemistry of trace gases and their precursors (measurement); genes, metabolic pathways, enzymes involved in their production, and modelling. A small group also discussed ideas for a large grant. |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | Genes to Gases Workshop |
Organisation | University of Essex |
Department | Institute for Social and Economic Research, Essex |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Had idea of workshop, consulted UK network, workshop co-convener, presented talk, and led discussion session. |
Collaborator Contribution | Workshop organiser and co-convener |
Impact | The Genes to Gases workshop was held in June 2017, at the University of East Anglia. The workshop was multidisciplinary, included researchers from all over the UK, and covered biogeochemistry of trace gases and their precursors (measurement); genes, metabolic pathways, enzymes involved in their production, and modelling. A small group also discussed ideas for a large grant. |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | Moorea collaboration |
Organisation | Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) |
Department | Institute of Marine Sciences |
Country | Spain |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | Provision and shipping of kit for sampling in Moorea. Analysis of samples for N-osmolytes |
Collaborator Contribution | Sampling in research campaign in Moorea, looking at range of trace gases, their precursors, and their biological and physical control. |
Impact | Still in progress |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | NAAMES collaboration microlayer sampling |
Organisation | University of California, Irvine |
Country | United States |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Shipping of microlayer samples from Woods Hole to the UK. Analysis of microlayer samples for N-osmolytes. Data interpretation with international team. |
Collaborator Contribution | The partners collected microlayer samples for us on board the NAAMES cruise (September 2017) in the North Atlantic. This was an add-on opportunity, and there is a team of international researchers analysing microlayer samples for their specialist parameters, enabling better understanding of the air-sea interface. |
Impact | Still in progress |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | NOSASSO is an active participant in ASAID, the ocean-atmosphere interactions subproject of ACE-DATA. |
Organisation | Paul Scherrer Institute |
Country | Switzerland |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | NOSASSO is an active participant in ASAID, the ocean-atmosphere interactions subproject of ACE-DATA. We have participated in two workshops using a latent variable model to look at our large combined dataset |
Collaborator Contribution | NOSASSO is an active participant in ASAID, the ocean-atmosphere interactions subproject of ACE-DATA. |
Impact | NOSASSO is an active participant in ASAID, the ocean-atmosphere interactions subproject of ACE-DATA. |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | NOSASSO is an active participant in ASAID, the ocean-atmosphere interactions subproject of ACE-DATA. |
Organisation | Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) |
Department | Institute of Marine Sciences |
Country | Spain |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | NOSASSO is an active participant in ASAID, the ocean-atmosphere interactions subproject of ACE-DATA. We have participated in two workshops using a latent variable model to look at our large combined dataset |
Collaborator Contribution | NOSASSO is an active participant in ASAID, the ocean-atmosphere interactions subproject of ACE-DATA. |
Impact | NOSASSO is an active participant in ASAID, the ocean-atmosphere interactions subproject of ACE-DATA. |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | PI-ICE Antarctic Organic Nitrogen |
Organisation | Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) |
Country | Spain |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | Sampling and analysis expertise for N-osmolytes. |
Collaborator Contribution | Sampling opportunity on board ship and at research base in ANtarctica |
Impact | Sample collection in Antarctica |
Start Year | 2018 |
Description | "Closer Look" film for BBC Countryfile |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Footage prepared with Countryfile team, covered local water based activities in the Southwest, well being and marine science. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | All Party Parliamentary Group for Polar Regions: Invited talk at event held at Royal Society |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Invited to give a talk at an event at the Royal Society hosted by the All Party Parliamentary Group on the Polar Regions. The event was attended by politicians, policy makers, and other scientists. The event was to showcase the UK involvement in the International Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | Convening Genes for Gases workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Convening workshop to be held in June 2017 entitled "Genes to Gases" for the UK community studying the biogeochemistry of trace gases and the microbial enzymes and pathways involved in their formation. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | Genes to Gases workshop: Discussion session |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | I chaired a discussion session at the Genes to Gases workshop (UEA, June 2017), to identify new interdisciplinary research crossover and priorities. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | Genes to Gases workshop: N-osmolytes and volatile amines in the marine biosphere. |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | I presented research at the Genes to Gases workshop, entitled "N-osmolytes and volatile amines in the marine biosphere". |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | Introduction to n-osmolytes |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | We created a video about the N-osmolytes project, and uploaded it to You Tube. We also highlighted it via Social Media. To date, the video has been viewed 213 times. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPIqpJ_BKTU&t=5s |
Description | Invited to attend ACE data workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Invited and funded to attend Antarctic CIrcumnavigation Expedition Data Workshop in Lausanne. Outcomes were data integration projects. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Marine Organics workshop: N-osmolytes and volatile amines in the marine biosphere. |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | I was invited to a Marine Organics workshop, and presented research on N-osmolytes and volatile amines in the marine biosphere. Future collaborations and research crossover were discussed. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | NOSASSO International Workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Researchers from 7 projects within the Circumnavigation Expedition project came together in Plymouth for 3 days to discuss our research approaches and findings together, to get the most value and understanding from our data |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | NOSASSO international data workshop planning |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | We are planning the NOSASSO international data workshop, due to take place 4th-6th September 2018. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017,2018 |
Description | PI-ICE science meeting |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | Science meeting for the PI-ICE project. Sharing data and ideas. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | PML News story |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | News story to accompany publicatin of scientific paper from this work. Also publicised by twitter, facebook and LinkedIn etc. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://www.pml.ac.uk/News/Undermeasured-compound-could-help-resilience |
Description | PML News story |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | News story to accompany publicatin of scientific paper from this work. Also publicised by twitter, facebook and LinkedIn etc. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://www.pml.ac.uk/News/Undermeasured-compound-could-help-resilience |
Description | Participation in ASAID workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | ASAID data workshop looking at using a latent variable approach to look at large fieldwork datasets from Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition, including N-osmolytes |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Participation in sparse PCA workshops for interpretation of Antarctic Circumnavigation data |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | Several meetings to discuss and develop the sparse PCA approach to data interpretation via latent variables applied to the Antarctic Circumnavigation dataset. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020,2021 |
Description | Polar 2018 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Attended Polar 2018 in Davos, and presented posters on: Exploring ocean-atmosphere exchanges in the SOuthern Ocean: the PEGASO and ACE projects; ANtarctic sea ice region as a source of biogenic nitrogen in aerosols. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Press release: Searching for answers in the Southern Ocean |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | A press release by PML on behalf of NOSASSO was released entitled Searching for Answers in the Southern Ocean, the day before the start of the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
URL | http://www.pml.ac.uk/News_and_media/News/Searching_for_answers_in_the_Southern_Ocean |
Description | Royal Society of Chemistry Invited Lecture |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Gave RSC invited lecture of biogeochemistry of N-osmolytes |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |