Space Weather Impacts on Ground-based Systems (SWIGS)
Lead Research Organisation:
Imperial College London
Department Name: Physics
Abstract
Space weather describes the changing properties of near-Earth space, which influences the flow of electrical currents in this region, particularly within the ionosphere and magnetosphere. Space weather results from solar magnetic activity, which waxes and wanes over the Sunspot cycle of 11 years, due to eruptions of electrically charged material from the Sun's outer atmosphere. Particularly severe space weather can affect ground-based, electrically conducting infrastructures such as power transmission systems (National Grid), pipelines and railways. Ground based networks are at risk because rapidly changing electrical currents in space, driven by space weather, cause rapid geomagnetic field changes on the ground. These magnetic changes give rise to electric fields in the Earth that act as a 'battery' across conducting infrastructures. This 'battery' causes geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) to flow to or from the Earth, through conducting networks, instead of in the more resistive ground. These GIC upset the safe operation of transformers, risking damage and blackouts. GIC also cause enhanced corrosion in long metal pipeline networks and interfere with railway signalling systems.
Severe space weather in March 1989 damaged power transformers in the UK and caused a long blackout across Quebec, Canada. The most extreme space weather event known - the 'Carrington Event' of 1859 - caused widespread failures and instabilities in telegraph networks, fires in telegraph offices and auroral displays to low latitudes. The likelihood of another such extreme event is estimated to be around 10% per decade. Severe space weather is therefore recognised in the UK government's National Risk Register as a one-in-two to one-in-twenty year event, for which industry and government needs to plan to mitigate the risk. Some studies have estimated the economic consequence of space weather and GIC to run to billions of dollars per day in the major advanced economies, through the prolonged loss of electrical power.
There are mathematical models of how GIC are caused by space weather and where in the UK National Grid they may appear (there are no models of GIC flow in UK pipelines or railway networks). However these models are quite limited in what they can do and may therefore not provide a true picture of GIC risk in grounded systems, for example highlighting some locations as being at risk, when in fact any problems lie elsewhere. The electrical model that has been developed to represent GIC at transformer substations in the National Grid misses key features, such as a model of the 132kV transmission system of England and Wales, or any model for Northern Ireland. The conductivity of the subsurface of the UK is known only partly and in some areas not at all well. (We need to know the conductivity in order to compute the electric field that acts as the 'battery' for GIC.) The UK GIC models only 'now-cast', at best, and they have no forecast capability, even though this is a stated need of industry and government. We do not have tried and tested now-cast models, or even forecast models, of magnetic variations on the ground. This is because of our under-developed understanding of how currents flow in the ionosphere and magnetosphere, how these interconnect and how they relate to conditions in the solar wind.
In this project we will therefore upgrade existing or create new models that relate GIC in power, pipe and railway networks to ionospheric, magnetospheric and solar wind conditions. These models will address the issues we have identified with the current generation of models and their capabilities and provide accurate data for industry and governments to assess our risk from space weather. In making progress on these issues we will also radically improve on our physical understanding of the way electrical currents and electromagnetic fields interact near and in the Earth and how they affect the important technologies we rely on.
Severe space weather in March 1989 damaged power transformers in the UK and caused a long blackout across Quebec, Canada. The most extreme space weather event known - the 'Carrington Event' of 1859 - caused widespread failures and instabilities in telegraph networks, fires in telegraph offices and auroral displays to low latitudes. The likelihood of another such extreme event is estimated to be around 10% per decade. Severe space weather is therefore recognised in the UK government's National Risk Register as a one-in-two to one-in-twenty year event, for which industry and government needs to plan to mitigate the risk. Some studies have estimated the economic consequence of space weather and GIC to run to billions of dollars per day in the major advanced economies, through the prolonged loss of electrical power.
There are mathematical models of how GIC are caused by space weather and where in the UK National Grid they may appear (there are no models of GIC flow in UK pipelines or railway networks). However these models are quite limited in what they can do and may therefore not provide a true picture of GIC risk in grounded systems, for example highlighting some locations as being at risk, when in fact any problems lie elsewhere. The electrical model that has been developed to represent GIC at transformer substations in the National Grid misses key features, such as a model of the 132kV transmission system of England and Wales, or any model for Northern Ireland. The conductivity of the subsurface of the UK is known only partly and in some areas not at all well. (We need to know the conductivity in order to compute the electric field that acts as the 'battery' for GIC.) The UK GIC models only 'now-cast', at best, and they have no forecast capability, even though this is a stated need of industry and government. We do not have tried and tested now-cast models, or even forecast models, of magnetic variations on the ground. This is because of our under-developed understanding of how currents flow in the ionosphere and magnetosphere, how these interconnect and how they relate to conditions in the solar wind.
In this project we will therefore upgrade existing or create new models that relate GIC in power, pipe and railway networks to ionospheric, magnetospheric and solar wind conditions. These models will address the issues we have identified with the current generation of models and their capabilities and provide accurate data for industry and governments to assess our risk from space weather. In making progress on these issues we will also radically improve on our physical understanding of the way electrical currents and electromagnetic fields interact near and in the Earth and how they affect the important technologies we rely on.
Planned Impact
There are three main interest groups where the proposed research will have impact.
Industry - Geohazard Impact & Assessment
Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC) impact the National Grid, pipelines and railways. We will therefore have representation on our stakeholder advisory group from organisations such as National Grid plc (power and pipelines), Scottish Power (power) and Atkins (railways), as well as UK Space Agency (international space weather initiatives and measurements), MunichRe (natural hazard insurance) and the Met Office Space Weather Operations Centre (MOSWOC). By interacting with this stakeholder group the investigators' scientific research into coupled ground-ionospheric-magnetospheric processes will be better tailored to their (and other) end-user needs, for example in terms of forecasts, surface electric fields or GIC model accuracy. For the National Grid our developments will add functionality and improved accuracy in GIC models already in service with them, as part of the real-time 'Monitoring and Analysis of GIC' (MAGIC) project that BGS is contracted to provide. National Grid uses MAGIC to determine where GIC is impacting their network during storms and to help inform their decision-making about the system state and operation. Our world-leading GIC and physical models of near-Earth processes will be adapted and used in other countries, and add to the international influence of the investigators. Understanding of space weather impact on pipelines and railways is a particularly under-developed area with very little in the published literature. We therefore foresee that our research will be world-leading here, likely acting as a stimulus to similar activities in other countries. We plan UK 'firsts' in terms of models of GIC flow in UK pipelines (with National Grid) and railways (with Atkins). Both National Grid and Atkins are keen to investigate the UK exposure to space weather.
Government - Geohazard Impact & Assessment
Space weather is recognised on the UK National Risk Register. Cabinet Office, BEIS, Go Science and other government departments have worked with some of the investigators, industry and industry regulators in the area of impacts on ground-based systems. Cabinet Office established the 'Space Environment Impact Expert Group' (SEIEG) to advise the government Chief Scientist through SAGE during space weather emergencies. Several SAGE 'table top' rehearsals have already been held, involving investigators from this proposal. The UK government, regional governments and assemblies, local authorities and emergency responders will therefore benefit from the quantified accuracy we will deliver from our new and improved GIC-related models. We will use our research outputs to inform discussion papers within the SEIEG group intended for government decision makers. We will also hold two 'information briefing events' to target scientifically aware lay-people from government and other agencies. This should aid information flow and decision making during severe space weather events and emergency planning in general and this will be integrated with MOSWOC daily operations.
Public - Engagement, Public Awareness, Natural Hazard Preparedness, Aurora Observation
Space weather is a topic that has had high prominence in the media over the last few years, prompting public interest in the aurora (what is it, where is it, and when to see it?). The investigators already have a strong track record in outreach activities, including the highly successful AuroraWatch website (Lancaster), public demonstrations (e.g. BGS 'Open Days'), talks and regular media activity in response to alerts of major space weather. We plan to tap into this interest and communicate what we are doing and why it matters by further investigator activities in these areas, including through a Royal Society Summer Science exhibit, where we will showcase our research and demonstrate our significantly improved GIC-related models.
Industry - Geohazard Impact & Assessment
Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC) impact the National Grid, pipelines and railways. We will therefore have representation on our stakeholder advisory group from organisations such as National Grid plc (power and pipelines), Scottish Power (power) and Atkins (railways), as well as UK Space Agency (international space weather initiatives and measurements), MunichRe (natural hazard insurance) and the Met Office Space Weather Operations Centre (MOSWOC). By interacting with this stakeholder group the investigators' scientific research into coupled ground-ionospheric-magnetospheric processes will be better tailored to their (and other) end-user needs, for example in terms of forecasts, surface electric fields or GIC model accuracy. For the National Grid our developments will add functionality and improved accuracy in GIC models already in service with them, as part of the real-time 'Monitoring and Analysis of GIC' (MAGIC) project that BGS is contracted to provide. National Grid uses MAGIC to determine where GIC is impacting their network during storms and to help inform their decision-making about the system state and operation. Our world-leading GIC and physical models of near-Earth processes will be adapted and used in other countries, and add to the international influence of the investigators. Understanding of space weather impact on pipelines and railways is a particularly under-developed area with very little in the published literature. We therefore foresee that our research will be world-leading here, likely acting as a stimulus to similar activities in other countries. We plan UK 'firsts' in terms of models of GIC flow in UK pipelines (with National Grid) and railways (with Atkins). Both National Grid and Atkins are keen to investigate the UK exposure to space weather.
Government - Geohazard Impact & Assessment
Space weather is recognised on the UK National Risk Register. Cabinet Office, BEIS, Go Science and other government departments have worked with some of the investigators, industry and industry regulators in the area of impacts on ground-based systems. Cabinet Office established the 'Space Environment Impact Expert Group' (SEIEG) to advise the government Chief Scientist through SAGE during space weather emergencies. Several SAGE 'table top' rehearsals have already been held, involving investigators from this proposal. The UK government, regional governments and assemblies, local authorities and emergency responders will therefore benefit from the quantified accuracy we will deliver from our new and improved GIC-related models. We will use our research outputs to inform discussion papers within the SEIEG group intended for government decision makers. We will also hold two 'information briefing events' to target scientifically aware lay-people from government and other agencies. This should aid information flow and decision making during severe space weather events and emergency planning in general and this will be integrated with MOSWOC daily operations.
Public - Engagement, Public Awareness, Natural Hazard Preparedness, Aurora Observation
Space weather is a topic that has had high prominence in the media over the last few years, prompting public interest in the aurora (what is it, where is it, and when to see it?). The investigators already have a strong track record in outreach activities, including the highly successful AuroraWatch website (Lancaster), public demonstrations (e.g. BGS 'Open Days'), talks and regular media activity in response to alerts of major space weather. We plan to tap into this interest and communicate what we are doing and why it matters by further investigator activities in these areas, including through a Royal Society Summer Science exhibit, where we will showcase our research and demonstrate our significantly improved GIC-related models.
Organisations
- Imperial College London (Lead Research Organisation)
- UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH (Collaboration)
- University College London (Collaboration)
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (Collaboration)
- British Geological Survey (Collaboration)
- Lancaster University (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF READING (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS (Collaboration)
- British Antarctic Survey (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON (Collaboration)
Publications
Archer M
(2023)
Auroral, Ionospheric and Ground Magnetic Signatures of Magnetopause Surface Modes
in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
Desai R
(2021)
Interplanetary Shock-Induced Magnetopause Motion: Comparison Between Theory and Global Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations
in Geophysical Research Letters
Desai R
(2021)
Drift Orbit Bifurcations and Cross-Field Transport in the Outer Radiation Belt: Global MHD and Integrated Test-Particle Simulations
in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
Eastwood J
(2018)
Quantifying the Economic Value of Space Weather Forecasting for Power Grids: An Exploratory Study
in Space Weather
Eggington J
(2018)
Forging links in Earth's plasma environment
in Astronomy & Geophysics
Eggington J
(2022)
Response timescales of the magnetotail current sheet during a geomagnetic storm: Global MHD simulations
in Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences
Eggington J
(2022)
Time-Varying Magnetopause Reconnection During Sudden Commencement: Global MHD Simulations
in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
Eggington J
(2020)
Dipole Tilt Effect on Magnetopause Reconnection and the Steady-State Magnetosphere-Ionosphere System: Global MHD Simulations
in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
Hapgood M
(2021)
Development of Space Weather Reasonable Worst-Case Scenarios for the UK National Risk Assessment
in Space Weather
Maffei S
(2023)
Climatological predictions of the auroral zone locations driven by moderate and severe space weather events.
in Scientific reports
Description | Within the overall SWIGS project activity, Imperial College contributed to the work-package on forecasting magnetospheric-ionospheric sources and GIC processes. A specific goal was to examine extreme space weather event forecasting, and to use the Gorgon magnetospheric simulation to study how extreme space weather might arise, and how this could vary on time scales of 10-100 years where the properties of the Earth's internal magnetic field may appreciably change. The most significant achievements from the award relate to studies of space weather impacts for a variety of extreme events [e.g. Eggington et al., 2020, Desai et al., 2021, and Eggington et al. 2022]. This includes contributions to studies creating some of the first climatological predictions of auroral zone behaviour [Maffei et al., 2023]. Other key findings include contributions to space weather reasonable worst-case scenarios (to be used by the UK Government) [Hapgood et al., 2021] and some of the first studies quantifying the economic impact of space weather [Eastwood et al., 2019]. The award objectives were met, and further publications are expected reporting on the work that has been completed. |
Exploitation Route | These findings will be taken forward by the international space weather community, and have contributed to activities in, for example, the UKRI SWIMMR (Space Weather Instrumentation, Measurement, Modelling and Risk) programme. |
Sectors | Aerospace Defence and Marine Education Energy Environment Financial Services and Management Consultancy Government Democracy and Justice |
Description | The primary non-academic impact of this work has been the further development of capabilities in space weather modelling which are now being applied to space weather operational forecasting and monitoring. A second non-academic impact has been to inform Government about the space weather risk, both in the provision of reasonable worst-case scenarios [Happgood et al., 2021], and quantification of the economic impact [Eastwood et al., 2019]. |
First Year Of Impact | 2019 |
Sector | Aerospace, Defence and Marine,Environment,Government, Democracy and Justice |
Impact Types | Societal Economic Policy & public services |
Description | SWIMMR Activities in Ground Effects (SAGE) |
Amount | £473,559 (GBP) |
Funding ID | NE/V003070/1 |
Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 05/2020 |
End | 03/2024 |
Title | Four Gorgon Global-MHD simulations of Fast Forward Interplanetary Shocks interacting with the Earth's magnetosphere |
Description | This dataset contains the data produced by four Gorgon Global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of Fast-Forward Interplanetary Shocks of increasing strengths interacting with the Earth's magnetosphere, as described in the study of Desai et al. (2021). Further description of the Gorgon MHD model can be found at Mejnertsen et al., (2016,2018) and Eggington et al., (2020). The data was produced on the Imperial College High Performance Computing Service (doi: 10.14469/hpc/2232). The MHD equations were solved in the magnetosphere on a regular 3-D cartesian grid of resolution 0.5 Earth radii (RE), covering a domain of dimensions (-20,100) RE in X, (-40,40) RE in Y and (-40,40) RE in Z with an inner boundary at 3 RE. In this coordinate system the Sun lies in the negative X-direction, the Z axis is aligned to the dipole in the 0 degree tilt case (where positive tilt points the north magnetic pole towards the Sun), and Y completes the right-handed set. Output data is timestamped in seconds and is defined at the centre of the grid cells. The simulation data corresponding to each shock are stored in separate directories 'ShockX' where X=I-IV. The data are stored in hdf5 format. The magnetospheric variables are stored in the files: 'Gorgon_[YYYYMMDD]_MS_params_[XXXXX]s.hdf5' where XXXXX is the simulation time in seconds. The magnetospheric data includes the magnetic field, ('Bvec_c'), velocity, ('vvec'), plasma density, ('rho1'), and ion temperature, ('Ti'), after 2h of simulation, over the course of 10 minutes. The data for the magnetic field, ('Bvec_c'), and velocity, ('vvec'), are of shape (240,160,160,3) where the first 3 dimensions are the grid indices in (X,Y,Z) indexed from negative to positive, and the final dimension is the cartesian vector component in (i,j,k). The data for the density, ('rho1'), and ion temperature, ('Ti'), is of shape (240,160,160) where the first 3 dimensions are the grid indices in (X,Y,Z) indexed from negative to positive. Funding was provided by NERC Highlight grant to NE/P017347/1 (Rad-Sat) |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2021 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | This dataset was used to support the publication Desai et al 2021 |
URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01485 |
Title | Two Gorgon Global-MHD simulations of steady solar wind conditions |
Description | This dataset contains data produced by two Gorgon Global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations with steady solar wind conditions interacting with the Earth's magnetosphere, as utilised in the study of Desai et al. (2021b). Further description of the Gorgon MHD model can be found at Mejnertsen et al., (2016,2018), Eggington et al., (2020) and Desai et al., (2021a). The data was produced on the Imperial College High Performance Computing Service (doi: 10.14469/hpc/2232). Two MHD simulations are contained; one with northward Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) conditions and one with southward (IMF) conditions. The northward IMF condition is run with a grid resolution of 0.25 earth radii (RE) and the southward IMF conditions is run three times for grid resolutions of 0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 RE. The MHD equations were solved in the magnetosphere on a regular 3-D Cartesian grid, covering a domain of dimensions (-20,100) RE in X, (-40,40) RE in Y and (-40,40) RE in Z with an inner boundary at 3 RE. In this coordinate system the Sun lies in the negative X-direction, the Z axis is aligned to the dipole in the 0 degree tilt case (where positive tilt points the north magnetic pole towards the Sun), and Y completes the right-handed set. Output data is timestamped in seconds and is defined at the centre of the grid cells. The simulation data corresponding to each shock are stored in separate directories 'NorthwardX' and 'SouthwardX' where X is the grid resolution in RE of: 0.5 for the northward case and 0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 for the southward case. The data are stored in hdf5 format. The magnetospheric variables are stored in the files: 'Gorgon_[YYYYMMDD]_MS_params_[XXXXX]s.hdf5' where XXXXX is the simulation time in seconds. The magnetospheric data includes the magnetic field, ('Bvec_c') and Electric field, ('Evec'), after 2hrs of simulation. The data are of shape (240,160,160,3) where the first 3 dimensions are the grid indices in (X,Y,Z) indexed from negative to positive, and the final dimension is the cartesian vector component in (i,j,k). Funding was provided by NERC Highlight grant to NE/P017347/1 (Rad-Sat). |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2021 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | This data was used to support the publication Desai et al., 2021b |
URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01531 |
Description | SWIGS team |
Organisation | British Antarctic Survey |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | This collaborative team refers to the SWIGS project. Our role is to perform space weather research using a combination of theory and modelling. |
Collaborator Contribution | Other members of the SWIGS team are performing experimental data analysis, theory and modeling in the performance of research related to the project. |
Impact | Publications include Eggington et al., 2022a, 2022b, ultimately relevant for space weather forecasting. |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | SWIGS team |
Organisation | British Geological Survey |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | This collaborative team refers to the SWIGS project. Our role is to perform space weather research using a combination of theory and modelling. |
Collaborator Contribution | Other members of the SWIGS team are performing experimental data analysis, theory and modeling in the performance of research related to the project. |
Impact | Publications include Eggington et al., 2022a, 2022b, ultimately relevant for space weather forecasting. |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | SWIGS team |
Organisation | Lancaster University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | This collaborative team refers to the SWIGS project. Our role is to perform space weather research using a combination of theory and modelling. |
Collaborator Contribution | Other members of the SWIGS team are performing experimental data analysis, theory and modeling in the performance of research related to the project. |
Impact | Publications include Eggington et al., 2022a, 2022b, ultimately relevant for space weather forecasting. |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | SWIGS team |
Organisation | Rutherford Appleton Laboratory |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | This collaborative team refers to the SWIGS project. Our role is to perform space weather research using a combination of theory and modelling. |
Collaborator Contribution | Other members of the SWIGS team are performing experimental data analysis, theory and modeling in the performance of research related to the project. |
Impact | Publications include Eggington et al., 2022a, 2022b, ultimately relevant for space weather forecasting. |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | SWIGS team |
Organisation | University College London |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | This collaborative team refers to the SWIGS project. Our role is to perform space weather research using a combination of theory and modelling. |
Collaborator Contribution | Other members of the SWIGS team are performing experimental data analysis, theory and modeling in the performance of research related to the project. |
Impact | Publications include Eggington et al., 2022a, 2022b, ultimately relevant for space weather forecasting. |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | SWIGS team |
Organisation | University of Edinburgh |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | This collaborative team refers to the SWIGS project. Our role is to perform space weather research using a combination of theory and modelling. |
Collaborator Contribution | Other members of the SWIGS team are performing experimental data analysis, theory and modeling in the performance of research related to the project. |
Impact | Publications include Eggington et al., 2022a, 2022b, ultimately relevant for space weather forecasting. |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | SWIGS team |
Organisation | University of Leeds |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | This collaborative team refers to the SWIGS project. Our role is to perform space weather research using a combination of theory and modelling. |
Collaborator Contribution | Other members of the SWIGS team are performing experimental data analysis, theory and modeling in the performance of research related to the project. |
Impact | Publications include Eggington et al., 2022a, 2022b, ultimately relevant for space weather forecasting. |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | SWIGS team |
Organisation | University of Reading |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | This collaborative team refers to the SWIGS project. Our role is to perform space weather research using a combination of theory and modelling. |
Collaborator Contribution | Other members of the SWIGS team are performing experimental data analysis, theory and modeling in the performance of research related to the project. |
Impact | Publications include Eggington et al., 2022a, 2022b, ultimately relevant for space weather forecasting. |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | SWIGS team |
Organisation | University of Southampton |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | This collaborative team refers to the SWIGS project. Our role is to perform space weather research using a combination of theory and modelling. |
Collaborator Contribution | Other members of the SWIGS team are performing experimental data analysis, theory and modeling in the performance of research related to the project. |
Impact | Publications include Eggington et al., 2022a, 2022b, ultimately relevant for space weather forecasting. |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | ABC (Australia) Radio Interview |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Interviewed as part of an ABC Australia radio show on space weather - impact was in general publicity relating to funded research. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
URL | https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/sciencefriction/the-apocalypse-part-1-suns-supercharge... |
Description | CSEO SpaceWorks Webinar |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Facebook live event as part of the CSEO 2030 SpaceWorks Webinar series. Online event reached audience of more than 40,000, leading to plans for similar events in future. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://www.facebook.com/CyprusSpaceExplorationOrganisation/videos/438468813794844/ |
Description | NY Times Interview |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Interviewed for an article in the New York Times about space weather. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
URL | https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/06/science/northern-lights-southern-lights.html |
Description | National Geographic (2018) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Interviewed for an article in National Geographic relating to space weather. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
URL | https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/11/why-space-weather-is-being-made-in-lab-solar-wind... |
Description | New Scientist article |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Interviewed and quoted in a cover article for New Scientist on space weather. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Pint of Science (2018) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Science communication event as part of Pint of Science to ~80 audience members. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
URL | https://pintofscience.co.uk/event/hazards-from-space-to-core |
Description | School visit (Sutton) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | Attended a school to talk to year 5 pupils about space science. Teachers reported that it was very interesting and timely based on the work they had been doing in the curriculum. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Science on Stage |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | 100+ pupils from local schools and home-schooled students attended a lecture at the British Museum as part of the Benjamin Franklin house 2019 Science-on-Stage event. Teachers reported a lively and interesting event which enthused the students. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |