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GCRF One Ocean Hub

Lead Research Organisation: University of Strathclyde
Department Name: Law

Abstract

Over 70% of the earth's surface is ocean. As a global population, we are entirely reliant upon a healthy ocean: it contributes to the renewal of freshwater; it absorbs over a quarter of global carbon dioxide, and it produces half the oxygen we breathe. The ocean has the potential to make significant contributions to sustainable development. Many developing countries already depend on their ocean resources for food, work and livelihoods. Yet we are reaching an ocean health crisis: cumulative pressures such as over-exploitation of its resources, ocean plastics and pollution and climate change, all compounded by multiple competing uses, are pushing the ocean ecosystem to a tipping point.
There is an urgent need for more integrated ocean governance, to ensure greater balance between ocean conservation and sustainable use (Sustainable Development Goal 14) and realise the ocean's potential to contribute to poverty reduction, human health, healthy ecosystems on land, climate change mitigation and adaptation, equitable economic growth and decent employment.
"We are the sea...we must wake up to this ancient truth...It is time to create things for ourselves, to create established standards of excellence that match those of our ancestors."
It is with this spirit that the ONE OCEAN Hub will transform our response to the urgent challenges facing our ocean. The Hub will weave learning from the ocean, and traditional knowledge of the peoples who rely upon it, with scientific excellence, innovative legal approaches and artistic methods. Our aim is to bridge the disconnections in law, science and policy across all levels from the local to the international. We aim to empower vulnerable communities, woman and youth in the blue economy and catalyse the inclusive and integrated governance approaches required to ensure a healthy ocean and flourishing communities and economies.
The Hub will specifically address the challenges of South Africa, Namibia, Ghana, Fiji and Solomon Islands in realising the economic, socio-cultural and environmental benefits from the ocean. It aims to support these countries' efforts towards developing a sustainable and fair blue economy by providing new scientific data and tools to engage different sectors and groups within society, particularly vulnerable communities, woman and youth, in identifying opportunities, risks and trade-offs to: i) prevent and mitigate negative development impacts connected to the ocean, ii) participate in traditional and emerging ocean activities, and iii) predict the socioeconomic benefits of ocean conservation.
The Hub pioneers integrating law and arts, policy, informatics, education, history, anthropology, and philosophy to provide targeted advice on coherent and flexible, pro-poor and gender- sensitive, climate-proofed and transparent laws and policies across the areas of environmental, human rights, science and technology, trade and investment. The Hub will further integrate biology, physics, chemistry, oceanography, ecology, mathematics, socio-environmental sciences and law to advance understanding of sustainable fisheries in the face of climate change impacts, as well as socio-economic and cultural considerations. The Hub will also increase understanding of conservation and extraction options for deep-sea mineral, biological and freshwater resources, integrating biology, ecology, geology, socio-environmental sciences and law. Through innovative use of arts the hub will transcend traditional boundaries in policy, law, and between ocean stakeholders from local communties to international organisatons, to respectfully and effectively include local communities' traditional knowledge in decision-making at the national and local level on the blue economy. The Hub will develop the integrated governance frameworks and strengthen the capacity within commnities to drive innovative approaches to a fair and sustainable blue economy for South Africa, Namibia, Ghana, Fiji and Solomon Islands

Planned Impact

In coastal and island communities healthy oceans are fundamental to healthy economies and livelihoods. The One Ocean Hub aims to improve the livelihoods of small-scale fishing and indigenous communities that are dependent on the ocean, with particular attention to women and youth in South Africa, Namibia, Ghana, Fiji and the Solomon Islands. The Hub will empower, build capacity within, and learn from, the people who rely on the oceans, and whom are disproportionally impacted by the failure to protect it. It is on this local level that the Hub will have the greatest impact. Community leadership in research and arts-based approaches will enable better understanding of traditional practices. It will build capacity and co-develop new resources for communities, and, in so doing, will support the integration of community views, values and knowledge in scientific assessments, management and decision-making on ocean conservation and the blue economy. Legal empowerment will enhance the capacity of communities, women and youth to fight for their rights and improve, through legal literacy, their livelihoods. Youths will directly benefit from a One Ocean education programme designed to inform, inspire and empower 'Generation 2030' on ocean matters and through the development of legal mechanisms (Youth Ocean Charter) to amplify youth voices at international level.
At national-regional level, governments and inter-governmental organisations will benefit from access to a new scientific evidence base, methods and technologies to underpin integrated ocean assessment and management. Specifically, government entities (eg Namibian Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources, will benefit from region-specific integrated assessments of cumulative pressures on ocean ecosystems. Through targeted capacity strengthening, governments and national research institutes will be empowered to undertake integrated marine research and monitoring programmes, and through co-developed decision-making frameworks will be able to implement ocean resource management which balances ocean conservation and sustainable use for fair and equitable benefit sharing. We will work with regional and national governments to implement sustainable, inclusive and collaborative ocean management strategies, such as the ocean dimension of the African Union's Science, Technology and Innovation Strategy for Africa and the Pacific Community Centre for Ocean Science. The above, together with the development of guidance for the coherent implementation of international law at different levels and through a programme of legal capacity building, the negotiating capacity of developing countries will be strengthened within relevant international fora.
The One Ocean Hub is a direct and systematic response to the Call for Action agreed upon at the 2017 UN Ocean Conference on Sustainable Development Goal 14. The Hub's network of international project partners (eg UNEP, UNDP, UNOALOS, FAO) will support national process of implementation of international law on the ocean and sustainable development. These partners have already co-defined the Hub's research to ensure its aligned to key ongoing international processes. Specifically, the Hub will contribute to the preparations of the 2020 UN Ocean Follow-up Conference, an expected mandate in 2019 from the UN Environment Assembly to develop new instruments on ocean plastics, a post-2020 global biodiversity framework, and the 2020-2030 Programme for the Development and Periodic Review of Environmental Law of UNEP. The involvement of the Hub in such processes will ensure that knowledge from across the Hub, from local to regional levels, will influence international process. The Hub network will benefit all partner organisations by bringing together organisations across sectors and scales to tackle institutional disconnects and promote sustainable partnerships from the local-international level.

Organisations

People

ORCID iD
Elisa Morgera (Principal Investigator)
Georgina Oduro (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3030-7196
Bryan Clark (Co-Investigator)
Lynne Shannon (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7842-0636
Lorenzo Cotula (Co-Investigator)
Merle Sowman (Co-Investigator)
Michael Heath (Co-Investigator)
Tracy Shimmield (Co-Investigator)
Morgan Wairiu (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8245-5778
Margit Wilhelm (Co-Investigator)
Sebastian Hennige (Co-Investigator)
Daniela Diz Pereira Pinto (Co-Investigator)
Francesco Sindico (Co-Investigator)
Sian Rees (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9606-783X
Emmanuel Acheampong (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6243-294X
Rosemary Dorrington (Co-Investigator)
Rachel Wynberg (Co-Investigator)
Alexander Winkler (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7864-8243
Kitche Magak (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8336-9932
Andrew Kenny (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4944-1221
J Roberts (Co-Investigator)
Warren Potts (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6707-0383
Andrew Sweetman (Co-Investigator)
Tom Baum (Co-Investigator)
Gilianne Brodie (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6896-4696
Stuart Jeffrey (Co-Investigator)
Alison Cathcart (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1291-6561
Catherine Muhoma (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-1661
Philile Mbatha (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5705-0330
Sylvie Da Lomba (Co-Investigator)
Ann Cheryl Armstrong (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3282-8916
Kerry Sink (Co-Investigator)
Matthew Harrison (Co-Investigator)
Matthew Grant Allen (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3490-9960
Patrick Vrancken (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9941-4718
Claire Lajaunie (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8838-9062
Saskia Anna Filip Vermeylen (Co-Investigator)
Mathew Upton (Co-Investigator)
José De Oliveira (Co-Investigator)
Tobias Schonwetter (Co-Investigator)
Alana Lancaster (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8956-7297
Martin J. Attrill (Co-Investigator)
Warwick Sauer (Co-Investigator)
Bernadette Snow (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1598-4511
Bhavani Narayanaswamy (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5810-9127
Kate Royse (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5660-2615
Daniel Jones (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5218-1649
Pierre MAZZEGA (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2398-3954
Joseph Aggrey-Fynn (Co-Investigator)
Kerry Howell (Co-Investigator)
Marie Boswell (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7099-7713
Elaine Webster (Co-Investigator)
Paul Lusty (Co-Investigator)
John Ansah (Co-Investigator)
Benjamin Kofi Nyarko (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6560-9613
Clive Fox (Co-Investigator)
Carol Cotterill (Co-Investigator)
Amanda Lombard (Co-Investigator)
Jeremy Hills (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9204-2536
BOLANLE ERINOSHO (Co-Investigator)
Suzanne Jane Painting (Co-Investigator)
Stephanie Switzer (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3928-988X
Hendrik Van As (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5288-5344
Derrick Armstrong (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1671-9290
Dylan McGarry (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5738-3813
Stephen Dye (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4182-8475
Matthew Revie (Co-Investigator)
Harrison Golo (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9805-5477
Maria Baker (Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6977-8935
Natalia Serpetti (Researcher Co-Investigator)
Robin Cook (Researcher Co-Investigator) orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9604-0204
 
Title 'The Sea is in our blood' 
Description Disclaimer about the title of the poem: 'Die see is in ons bloed (The sea is in our blood)', is a common saying, frequently used by the local fishers and coastal people across South Africa. This poem was developed by Menka Vansant after conducting field work in Port Nolloth, Northern Cape, a small fishing and diamond mining town just south of the Namibian border. Small-scale fishers, a historically marginalized group in South Africa, were the predominant focus of this research, as their livelihoods are critical towards maintaining the health and sustainability of the ocean's ecosystem, food and nutritional security, and cultural and spiritual heritage. South Africa is experiencing an influx of offshore oil and gas applications, which small-scale fishers have expressed deep concerns over, as the industry poses significant impacts for not just their livelihoods, but also climate change. This poem was written through the knowledge they shared and the stories they told. For example, they notice the shifting behaviors of whales and migration patterns of snoek (a traditional fish that West Coast fishers depend on). One fisher said that whales have become aggressive, and they get upset if their boats go too close to them. He attributed this behavioral change to global warming, as he said in the decades prior, the whales were peaceful if they fished near or around them. Marine creatures do not have a say in the human-driven developments, yet they are impacted by such activities. This poem was written from the perspective of marine species to seismic surveys, which is a mechanism to find hydrocarbon deposits through the use of air guns. Research on the impact of seismic surveys on marine life is contentious and often conflicting, but noise pollution has proven impacts on stress levels, communication and migration behavior, which may result in injury or mortality. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2024 
Impact Too early to have notable impacts 
URL https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/exhibitions/die-see-is-in-ons-bloed-the-sea-is-in-our-blood-an-illustr...
 
Title A Brother's Bond 
Description Oral history produced by Riaz for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthed partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Noteable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/a-brothers-bond-riazs-story/
 
Title A Dwindling Species 
Description Oral history produced by Tamlynn for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/a-dwindling-species/
 
Title A Family that Fishes Together Stays Together 
Description Edited story produced by Thabisile Gumede for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for author Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/a-family-that-fishes-together-stays-together/
 
Title A Fishers Tale 
Description Digital illustration produced by Kevin Ngwenya to accompany the oral history Hook, Line and Sinker for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Image 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for artist Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthed partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/hook-line-and-sinker-snowys-story/
 
Title A Fishing Heritage in Peril 
Description Edited story produced by Thabisile Gumede for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for author Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/a-fishing-heritage-in-peril/
 
Title A Photo essay by Gilang Raga 
Description The beautiful images and words in this exhibition represent the work of marine biologist Gilan Raga, alumnus of the 'Art and the stewardship of the ocean' e-course, developed in collaboration between One Ocean Hub and UNITAR. With his sunny crisp images and his evocative writing, Gilang takes us to coastal Indonesia, offering glimpses of its lagoons and lush mangrove forests, of life of the ocean and with the ocean: from rocks in Pangandaran on which fishers perch waiting for their catch, to fishing boats' daybreak departures from the estuary of Muara Gembong in West Java. The 'Art and the stewardship of the ocean' e-course can be found on the UNCC:Learn platform and is freely available and open to everyone. 
Type Of Art Artistic/Creative Exhibition 
Year Produced 2024 
Impact Too early to have notable impacts 
URL https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/exhibitions/giilang-ragas-photo-exhibition/
 
Title A Violation of the Sea 
Description Oral history produced by Riaz for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/a-violation-of-the-sea-riazs-story/
 
Title A film by the Economist: Climate change: what is ocean acidification? 
Description On 2 February 2023 the Economist launched a film titled 'Climate change: what is ocean acidification?'. As carbon emissions change the chemistry of the seas, ocean acidification threatens marine life and human livelihoods. How worried should you be about climate change's so-called "evil twin"? The research conducted by Hub researchers Prof Murray Roberts, Dr Sebastian Hennige, and early career researchers Kristina Beck, and Kelsey Archer Barnhill (University of Edinburgh, UK) on deep-sea coral is reported in the video (from 6 minutes on). The film is supported by Nippon Foundation. Themes cover in the film include: The other carbon problem; How does the ocean's deepest point reveal its past?; Why are baby oysters dying?; Is the ocean acidic?; What is causing ocean acidification?; Why are corals dissolving?/ Will deep sea ecosystems survive?; A threat to human livelihoods; What are the 'potato chips of the sea'?; and What is the solution?. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2023 
Impact Since the film was released on 2 February 2023 it has been viewed 114,958 times. 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OVWZyDz--30
 
Title Aku and the Journey of the Turtle Spirit Graphic Novel 
Description To encourage efforts to conserve turtle populations Drama Queens in Ghana (supported by the DEEP Fund) produced the graphic novel Aku and the Journey of the Turtle Spirit To encourage efforts to conserve turtle population. Alongside an illustrated story, the publication includes a zine that presents short stories and poems written in varying languages and dialects by young people from the towns of Anloga and Anyanui. The graphic novel was displayed as part of an exhibition of DEEP Fund projects at the Glasgow School of Art, 2023 (available online at: https://oneoceanhub.org/undercurrents/). 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2023 
Impact Too soon to report on notable impacts 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/undercurrents/aku-and-the-journey-of-the-turtle-spirit-2023/
 
Title An Unusual Catch 
Description Oral history produced by Tamlynn for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/an-unusual-catch-tamlynns-story/
 
Title Being Outdoors 
Description Oral history produced by Monty for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/being-outdoors-montys-story/
 
Title Between Worlds (A Poetry Book) 
Description The poetry book is written by Hub researcher Professor Rose Boswell (Nelson Mandela University). Because of the climate crisis and declining ocean health, humans are increasingly in a liminal space between this world and imaginary, alien worlds to come. The poems raise the issue of climate change by foregrounding the centrality, beauty, and significance of the ocean, and of marine life to humanity. They suggest that all species live 'between worlds': between fantasy and reality, dreaming and wakefulness, intuition and consciousness, water and air. We need all worlds to survive. Serendipitously, the poems were composed between dusk and dawn. They are both part-thoughts and whole thoughts that come to inspire my ethnographic writing. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact The poetry book has only been published in February 2022. There is no notable impacts yet. 
URL https://www.africanbookscollective.com/books/between-worlds
 
Title Brotherhood 
Description Oil on canvas produced by Kenneth Shandu to accompany the oral history You Live by the Sea; You Die by the Sea for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for artist Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/andre-and-williams-story-you-live-by-the-sea-you-die-by-the-sea/
 
Title Close Encounter 
Description Oral history produced by Riaz for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/riazs-close-encounter/
 
Title Cold water corals in a changing ocean: Short Film 
Description As a contribution to the Climate Conference, scientists at University of Edinburgh have produced a short film explaining how cold-water corals are particularly vulnerable to the rapid acidification of the oceans caused by carbon dioxide emissions - a largely hidden impact of fossil fuel use. Narrated by the COP26 People's Advocate Sir David Attenborough, this video features research from the H2020 iAtlantic (Grant Agreement No 818123) and One Ocean Hub projects. The film highlights the central role of the ocean when considering climate change impacts and mitigation. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact The new film premiered at a special evening event hosted by iAtlantic at Dynamic Earth in Edinburgh on Saturday 6 November 2021, which highlighted the crucial role that the ocean plays in the climate crisis. It was also shown during a Poster Exhibitition hosted by the One Ocean Hub at COP26 Green Zone, Glasgow Science Centre on 12th November 2021. 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4iPY-9mGVg
 
Title Community mapping of fishing areas and priorities at St Helena Bay, South Africa 
Description "Community mapping of fishing areas and priorities at St Helena Bay" is based on several workshops and focus groups co-organised by Hub researcher Prof Merle Sowman (University of Cape Town, South Africa). This is part of process of documenting fisher knowledge to facilitate knowledge sharing with scientists involved in the South Africa Marine Spatial Planning process. This work is ongoing. The maps and narratives that support the map have been shared at one fishers and scientists meeting in 2022 - more to follow. Currently, Prof Sowman is exploring ways of integrating this knowledge onto a Geographic Information System (GIS) based map. 
Type Of Art Artefact (including digital) 
Year Produced 2023 
Impact Scientists participating in the fisher-scientist exchange workshop were amazed at the depth of knowledge held by fishers and the understanding of local reefs and other environmental features that they were unaware of. This has led to a request for further meetings and exchanges. There have been shifts in perceptions regarding the value of fisher knowledge amongst some scientists. 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/focus-on-south-africa/
 
Title Deep Connections | The importance of Culturally Significant Areas in South Africa's marine space 
Description Deep Connections is a reminder that we are all connected to the sea, and that we need to make sure that these connections are protected for the sake of past, present and future generations. The film is part of work underway to map Culturally Significant Areas in South Africa and signals a desire for closer co-operation between the biodiversity, heritage, and tourism sectors in identifying and looking after special places along our coast and in our ocean. These extend beyond archaeological sites, shipwrecks, and places for recreation to also include intangible cultural heritage. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2023 
Impact Over 800 views on YouTube 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fgANwAFm9I
 
Title DiepRespek: Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems 
Description Diep Respek is music video which aims to promote empathy for vulnerable marine ecosystems (VME) within South Africa's trawling community, and to provide a resource for deckhands and skippers to better identify the VME indicator taxa so that move-on fishing practices can operate more smoothly and with motivation from within the community whose livelihoods directly depend on healthy oceans. The video included spoken word in a combination of English and Afrikaans as the main audience is majority Afrikaans. It also includes subtitles. The film is available for download, so fishermen will be able to circulate it on Whatsapp and have it as a resource on their phones. Diep Respek is an ode to the deep sea and hopes to more deeply connect fishermen with the mysterious worlds below, notably the Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems - or VMEs. These are parts of the ocean floor that are fundamental to the sustainability of our fisheries. They constitute a wide diversity of organisms that provide habitats for young fish and eggs, and other creatures. These ecosystems are highly sensitive to disturbance from trawling operations as the organisms are slow-growing and long-lived, and once trawled, may take two to three generations to recover, at least. To limit disturbance, trawlers off the coast of South Africa are adopting a system where they stop fishing and move to another area if they catch too many VME indicator taxa. For this system to work efficiently, crew members must have a good understanding of the indicator taxa and ultimately a personal desire to preserve these ecosystems. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Video was featured in a blog of the South Africa Deep-Sea Trawling Industry Association, which noted that the video was "spreading quickly among fishing crews working in South Africa's trawl fishery for hake." Link to blog: https://www.sadstia.co.za/news/dieprespek-shines-a-fresh-light-on-vulnerable-marine-ecosystems/ 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6kdnR2eXmg
 
Title Different ways of knowing 
Description The film 'Different ways of knowing: Exploring diverse understandings and meanings of the ocean' looks at the Hub's journey to find new ways to connect and collaborate with indigenous communities addressing critical issues around ocean governance and justice, as well as climate change, adopting a transdisciplinary approach. Bringing different people together- stakeholders, community members and academics to create an outcome that benefits not just one group of people or one organisation, but crucially, brings communities into the discussion and decision-making process to ensure that they can be part of the outcome and solutions which affect them. An important aspect of the work has been community-based mapping work, working with communities to understand how they experience the ocean space, identifying important cultural sites, and areas where they fish, as well as sharing their observations of environmental change that they experience in the ocean. Through this learning programme the One Ocean Hub has outlined when and how to use transdisciplinarity, providing relevant resources and examples in practice for both researchers and practitioners. Produced with Three Peaks Productions and edited by KOGIA https://3peaksproductions.com/ | https://www.kogia.org/ 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2024 
Impact The short film has had 2,008 views on the One Ocean Hub Youtube channel since upload on Oct 23, 2024 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrKB4QRIPS4&t=8s
 
Title Documentary film set in Ghana: "Cocooned in Harmony" 
Description Cocooned in Harmony, a documentary film by Dr Eric Debrah Otchere (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), details how the songs of indigenous Ghanaian artisanal fisher-folk serve multiple purposes, ranging from providing reference points for coordinated activity to containing insights into issues of identity, power/inequality, agency, gender, and emotional connections to the ocean, among others. The documentary shows how through music, fishermen create and inhabit spaces where they find their (often sidelined) voice. The film has been screened within local communities in Ghana on 2 August 2022. A short video of the community screenings has also been produced and can be viewed here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact Positive comments were received on YouTube page after the documentary was premiered on 31 August 2022 and during community screening in Ghana on 2 August 2022. The documentary has been shown on National Television in Ghana (News Channel - DSTV Channel 421, Ghana) for two days in a row on 28-29 January 2022, sparking discussion on identity and emotional connections to the ocean. The documentary has also been screened in Aarhus, Denmark on 17-28 August 2022. Audience who attended the film screening in Ghana and Denmark in 2022, provided very positive accounts about the documentary. It has received over 2,500 views on YouTube so far, and had over 600 viewers as part of the undercurrents exhibition at the Glasgow School of Arts (see here). Still in Glasgow, there was a separate screening of the documentary at the Centre for Contemporary Arts. At Zeppelin University in Friedrichshafen (Germany), the documentary was the basis of a panel discussion themed: identity and alterity meet musicality and performance. This was part of a DAAD-funded workshop focusing on co-creating avenues for culture and sustainable development The fishing communities in Ghana where data was taken were pleased with the film produced and research process conducted by the Hub. This was because in addition to recording their art, Hub researchers led by Dr Otchere have given copies of the documentary back to them and backed them up in the University repository. There are a few requests to screen the documentary at other places within and outside of Ghana and engage in discussions about it. 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU
 
Title Durban Harbour 
Description Oil on canvas produced by Kenneth Shandu to accompany the oral history A Brother's Bond for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for artist Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthed partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/a-brothers-bond-riazs-story/
 
Title Elaine Maepio for Vae Tailor Nautilus Eh'a Dress wearable art, Solomon Islands 
Description Elaine Maepio created the Eh'a Dress wearable art for the Vae Tailor Nautilus in Solomon Islands. The wearable art was created as part of the Ocean's Lens project in Solomon Islands funded by the Hub's Deep Emotional Engagement (DEEP) Fund. The project was led by the Association of Solomon Islanders in Creative Fashion. It brought together female fashion designers, tailors, and young models to create wearable art that communicates customary relationships with the sea. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact Paid employment and training, promotion of practice. Alongside knowledge exchange, the project provided practical training to increase the technical abilities of fashion practitioners. By way of strengthening skills in areas such as design, sewing, modelling, marketing and advocacy, the project provided opportunities for financial, creative and professional empowerment. 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/new-deep-fund-projects/
 
Title Elaine Maepio for Vae Tailor Valusa Inspired Casual Wear 2022 wearable art, Solomon Islands 
Description In 2022 Elaine Maepio created 'Inspired Casual Wear' wearable art for Vae Tailor Valusa in Solomon Islands. The wearable art was created as part of the Ocean's Lens project in Solomon Islands funded by the Hub's Deep Emotional Engagement (DEEP) Fund. The project was led by the Association of Solomon Islanders in Creative Fashion. It brought together female fashion designers, tailors and young models to create wearable art that communicates customary relationships with the sea. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact Paid employment and training, promotion of practice. Alongside knowledge exchange, the project provided practical training to increase the technical abilities of fashion practitioners. By way of strengthening skills in areas such as design, sewing, modelling, marketing and advocacy, the project provided opportunities for financial, creative and professional empowerment. 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/new-deep-fund-projects/
 
Title Empatheatre Play: Umkhosi Wenala 
Description The Empatheatre team in South Africa (that recently performed at COP27) has embarked on a new journey to use restorative public storytelling to address issues of fairness and inclusion in the creation and management of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), through a new theatre-based research project co-developed with 13 young artists (Mbazwana Creative Arts) in northern KwaZulu-Natal region. The project, titled "Umkhosi Wenala" (is Zulu for "Festival of Abundance") aims to create an innovative participatory decision-making space where rural youth can have a voice in the creation and management of MPAs that exclude cultural, spiritual and other local perspectives, concerns and questions. The musical tells the story of two twins, a brother Nkosana and sister Makhosazana, who inherit a kingdom after the disappearance of their grandmother, a queen, said to have drowned in the ocean. The two Nkosi's, destined to rule together, are divided by circumstance and political forces beyond their control. After two decades of betrayal and conflict between their competing kingdoms, the situation further escalates with the arrival of a fence which cuts the communities off from their village and resources and resurfaces past tensions and new resentments. The production weaves together many relevant moments from the last century of Northern Zululand's history and uses humour, pathos, satire, puppetry, ritual and music to tell its story. The musical deepens some of the Hub research findings, from across the South African research team, on gender and inter-generational dialogue, indigenous and local communities' customary laws, cultural and religious connections to the ocean, exclusionary practices in spatial planning and conservation, and fair and equitable benefit-sharing within communities and between communities, researchers and public authorities. As such, it also reveals multiple issues related to human rights, that will be further explored in 2023. At the conclusion of each performance, audiences are invited to join into a facilitated conversation with the performers and creative team, with a view to advancing understanding of these issues and explore generative opportunities for more inclusive ocean governance. The new Empatheatre Play: Umkhosi Wenala was created in Kwa-Zulu-Natal, with 13 young activists and eight elders, and other citizens. It was developed over 2021 and 2022, with final performances scheduled to take place in September 2023. For more information about the play watch here: https://vimeo.com/791847743/b95e473231. To learn more about the innovative partnerships behind this project and how the restorative public storytelling method is contributing to making ocean governance more inclusive in post-Apartheid South Africa read this blogpost here: https://oneoceanhub.org/fairer-and-more-inclusive-marine-protected-areas-through-restorative-public-storytelling/ The Umkhosi Wenala play has fostered collaboration between Hub researchers that are at different stages of their careers. Hub early career researcher, Dr. Philile Mbata (University of Cape Town, South Africa) for exampled has contributed to the play by sharing the stories that she had collected during her PhD over a decade ago in the Kosi Bay by working with indigenous knowledge holders, many of whom would have been the grandparents of the participants, and had subsequently passed away. 
Type Of Art Performance (Music, Dance, Drama, etc) 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact The Umkhosi Wenala brought many different knowledge holders together, who participated in post-show discussions. Including local Indigenous authorities and leaders, who engaged and offered feedback on the performance, the ethics of representation, and the text itself. This first iteration of the play has allowed the team to adapt it, to have even more significant impact on how audiences can work with the complexity of addressing the past injustices in how decisions are made in contemporary governance. The Empatheatre Team, with the support of the One Ocean Hub and the Coastal Justice Network, aims to extend the play further with a tour across Kwa-Zulu Natal, with a particular focus on a public consultation process underway in a neighbouring MPA further down the coast in 2023. Alongside this extend tour, the team aims to work with Hub researchers, community leaders and other knowledge holders, to use the post-show discussion as a think tank to draft a peoples' charter on marine protection. A documentary of this research collaborations will be launched at the closing events of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, which the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation is organising in mid March 2023 in Rome, Italy, where early insights from the extend tour and the draft peoples' charter on marine conservation will be shared internationally with policy makers and practitioners involved in sustainable fisheries and marine conservation. The engagement at the international level is expected to further co-develop the Hub research and policy contributions on how to make marine protection more inclusive, just and support multi-species flourishing (human and more-than-human alike). 
URL https://vimeo.com/791847743/b95e473231
 
Title Erhardt 
Description Oral history produced by Tamlynn for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/erhardt-tamlyns-story/
 
Title Evangeline Aravoha'a Molo wearable art Solomon Islands 
Description n 2022 Evangeline Aravoha'a Molo created a wearable art in Solomon Islands. The wearable art was created as part of the Ocean's Lens project in Solomon Islands funded by the Hub's Deep Emotional Engagement (DEEP) Fund. The project was led by the Association of Solomon Islanders in Creative Fashion. It brought together female fashion designers, tailors and young models to create wearable art that communicates customary relationships with the sea. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact Paid employment and training, promotion of practice. Alongside knowledge exchange, the project provided practical training to increase the technical abilities of fashion practitioners. By way of strengthening skills in areas such as design, sewing, modelling, marketing and advocacy, the project provided opportunities for financial, creative and professional empowerment. 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/new-deep-fund-projects/
 
Title Fisher voices must be heard. Pamphlet by Coastal Justice Network 
Description This pamphlet is designed by Hub researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network including Anna James, Taryn Pereira, Dr Jackie Sunde and Dr Kira Erwin. It is produced in response to the South Africa Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries approach to reverse and review the process of allocating Small Scale Fisher (SSF) rights in the Western Cape following multiple complaints about the fairness and accuracy of the process in 2021. The pamphlet highlighted the need for the South Africa Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries to consult with small-scale fishers themselves about how they have been excluded from the past and present policy regimes, and ensure that any policy interventions that take place treats fishers fairly. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact The pamphlet has served as a useful piece of reading for fishers or someone interested in the policy, research and regulations that apply to small-scale fishers (including subsistence fishers) in South Africa. See here: https://fisherstales.org/useful-tackle/ 
URL https://fisherstales.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/SSF-pamphlet-_-2-page-printable-version-_-Englis...
 
Title Fishers Tales Exhibition and public engagement activities in 2022 
Description The Kwa Zulu Natal South Africa Gallery ran the Fishers' Tales (https://fisherstales.org/) exhibition in the Park Gallery, South Africa from 2nd March - 3rd April 2022. Fishers' Tales is an arts-based storytelling project that collects the wondrous tales that fishers enjoy telling about their ocean adventures. This project explores fishers' connections and emotional bonds to the ocean using a visual storytelling approach. Each story is accompanied by a unique artwork. The Fishers' Tales exhibition also provides a platform to showcase the work done by young and emerging artists in Durban, as the project is specifically aimed to support creative students studying in the city. The stories and accompanying artwork seek to highlight the similarities and differences in fishers' engagements with the ocean from subsistence to recreational, provoking reflection, empathy, and dialogue. In this sense, the project hopes to build both awareness and solidarity with subsistence and small-scale fishers, who have enormous knowledge and care for the ocean that sustains them. The history of fishing in KwaZulu-Natal is where this project originates. Looking into the history of the diverse people who live along this coastal province, the daily moments captured by the artists offers insight into these experiences of connecting with the ocean, and the complex permitting regulations that impacts negatively on the livelihoods of fishers and their ability to practice fishing as part of their cultural heritage. The exhibition also highlights how climate change has affected marine life in the ocean and how that has negatively impacted the lives of small-scale and subsistence fisherfolk. Increasingly fishers along our coast line are joining the struggle for ocean wellbeing. The project contributes towards a bigger One Ocean Hub project for inclusive and transformative approaches to ocean governance. The project is managed by the Urban Futures Centre in partnership with the South Durban Community Environmental Alliance (SDCEA), and it is funded through the Deep Emotional Engagement Programme (DEEP) Fund (administered by the One Ocean Hub programme). 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact Fishers Tales ExhibitionZNSA Gallery ran the Fishers' Tales exhibition in the Park Gallery from 2nd March-3rd April 2022 and public engagement activities in 2022 has sparked nation-wide conversation on fishers' connections and emotional bonds to the ocean. The exhibition in March 2022 was accompanied by a public programme: - 2nd March - Public Opening; - 18th March - School tour; - 19th March - Storytelling with Fishers; - 2nd April - Exhibition walkabout and ocean educational talk (Ocean Wellbeing with invited guest speaker). Other media and activities post the exhibition are listed as follow: National Media: Real Life on the "dolossea" by Duncan Guy. Independent Online written, Mar 12, 2022 (https://www.iol.co.za/ios/news/real-life-on-the-dolosse-ab2b9754-48c3-47ca-84c6-a78e65e6107b). Local and community Newspapers: Activism meets art at Fisher's Tale exhibition. Rising Sun Overport. April 21, 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWlcJWXqDYc). Art exhibition centers around Durban's fishermen. The Berea Mail. March 13, 2022. Fisherfolk take central stage. The Post. 23rd March 2022 (https://bereamail.co.za/282549/art-exhibition-centers-around-durbans-fishermen/). Blogposts: Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea by Kira Erwin 31st January 2022 (https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/) The art of engagement: The Fishers Tales Exhibition by Kira Erwin 29th March 2022 (https://oneoceanhub.org/the-art-of-engagement-the-fishers-tales-exhibition/). The Urban Futures Centre at DUT Partners with the SDCEA to showcase Fishers'tales at the KZNSA Gallery (https://www.dut.ac.za/the-urban-futures-centre-at-dut-partners-with-the-sdcea-to-showcase-fishers-tales-at-the-kznsa-gallery/) The Fishers Tales postcards were handed out to audiences on the Durban tour of the Lalela uLwandle in Phoenix and at the South African Marine Science Symposium, as well as at the Port Alfred national workshop with small-scale fishers and civil society on oil and gas. 
URL https://www.kznsagallery.co.za/Exhibitions/View/1005/fishers-tales
 
Title Fishers Unite 
Description Oral history produced by Tozi Mthiyane for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/fishers-unite/
 
Title Fishertales website 
Description Subsistence and small-scale fishers in KwaZulu-Natal practice a livelihood that holds deep spiritual and cultural meaning. In this coastal province of South Africa fishers make up a dynamic and diverse group that has vast intergenerational knowledge of the ocean, yet their voices are seldom heard in the rush for the Blue Economy. Hub researchers in South Africa, in partnership with the South Durban Community Environmental Alliance have developed a website titled The Fishers Tales which showcases some of the everyday and extraordinary stories of these fisher men and women; from their earliest memories of learning to fish, how this gives their life meaning, enables them to put their children through school, and the political struggles they face. Each story on the website is paired with a unique artwork inspired by these tales with the sea. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact The Fishertales website is co-developed by One Ocean Hub researchers and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance (SDCEA). The SDCEA is an environmental justice organisation based in South Durban, South Africa that made up of 19 affiliate organisations and has been active since its formation in 1995. This partnership ensure that creative writing and art products published in the website to be widely shared among SDCEA networks. Links, pamphlets, and stories shared in Fishertales website also serve as useful resources for fishers and others who are interested on small-scale fisheries in South Africa. 
URL https://fisherstales.org/
 
Title Fishing Dreams 
Description Watercolour and ink produced by Elisa Morgera to accompany the oral history Erhardt for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/erhardt-tamlyns-story/
 
Title Fishing Like a Girl 
Description Ink on paper produced by Kira Erwin to accompany the oral history Fishing Like a Girl for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/fishing-as-a-girl/
 
Title Fishing Like a Girl 
Description Oral history produced by Tamlynn for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/fishing-as-a-girl/
 
Title Following Eddie: Short film exploring the challenges of small-scale fishers accessing the ocean 
Description One Ocean Hub researchers in South Africa have been working on a film exploring the challenges of small-scale fishers accessing the ocean and coasts in Tsitsikamma, South Africa after the area was established as a Marine Protected Area (MPA). The film, entitled Following Freddie, documents the complexities of sustainable ocean and coastal management in an area that forms a part of national conservation efforts in South Africa. In this case, the aim is to sustainably manage marine fauna and flora. The film was made together with filmmakers Senzo Xulu and Francois du Plessis, who are funded by the South Africa National Research Foundation (NRF) Community of Practice: Oceans Account Framework Project, researching the complexities of cultural heritage management at the coast of South Africa. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact The film has only been released in January 2022. There is no notable impacts yet. 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_r_swTOhlA
 
Title Highlights from Shell Wild Coast judgement 
Description "Highlights from Shell Wild Coast judgement" is infographic Infographics about the most pertinent and significant extracts of the Shell Wild Coast judgement in the Makhanda High Court. In September 2022 these were shared to the SSF National Leaders Whatsapp group, as well as other environmental justice whatsapp groups, and shared on the Coastal Justice instagram page where they were widely re-shared. 
Type Of Art Artefact (including digital) 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact "Highlights from Shell Wild Coast judgement" have contributed to a deepened, more empowered, more nuanced and more plural engagement with complex socio-ecological-political aspects of ocean relationships and governance. 
URL https://www.instagram.com/p/CiAH2JWqWw9/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=
 
Title Hilleina Hilly's Lagoon Affair wearable art Solomon Islands 
Description In 2022 Hilleina Hilly created 'Lagoon Affair' wearable art in Solomon Islands. The wearable art was created as part of the Ocean's Lens project in Solomon Islands funded by the Hub's Deep Emotional Engagement (DEEP) Fund. The project was led by the Association of Solomon Islanders in Creative Fashion. It brought together female fashion designers, tailors and young models to create wearable art that communicates customary relationships with the sea. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact Paid employment and training, promotion of practice. Alongside knowledge exchange, the project provided practical training to increase the technical abilities of fashion practitioners. By way of strengthening skills in areas such as design, sewing, modelling, marketing and advocacy, the project provided opportunities for financial, creative and professional empowerment. 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/new-deep-fund-projects/
 
Title Hook, Line and Sinker 
Description Oral history produced by Snowy for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthed partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/hook-line-and-sinker-snowys-story/
 
Title Hurinin, People of the Sea 
Description The short film 'Hurinin, People of the Sea' tells how the marginalised Topnaar people in Namibia seek recognition for their ocean-related heritage, knowledge and rights. During the colonial rule, the Topnaar sub-clan known as the Hurinin ('the sea-people') were forced out of the coastal areas, disrupting their centuries-old reliance on ocean resources. In contemporary Namibia, the Topnaar continue to be excluded from decision-making on the ocean. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2023 
Impact Over 600 views on YouTube 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/new-short-film-hurinin-the-sea-people-poignant-story-on-the-topnaar-peoples-...
 
Title I Got Hooked 
Description Oral history produced by PJ for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/i-got-hooked-jps-story/
 
Title Images from the use of photovoice method as part of the project titled 'indigenous knowledge and ocean management practices in Axim, Ghana'. 
Description Under the supervision of Hub researcher Dr Georgina Yaa Oduro a team of graduate students at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, have used of photovoice and other creative methodologies to document socio-culturally sensitive and relevant qualitative data on 'indigenous knowledge and ocean management practices in Axim, Ghana'. From the use of photovoice method the research team has produced an array of images. 
Type Of Art Image 
Year Produced 2023 
Impact The students are intrigued by the novelty of the method while the participants also found it captiviating. 
 
Title In a Perfect World, Fishing Has No Gender 
Description Edited story produced by Thabisile Gumede for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for author Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/in-a-perfect-world-fishing-has-no-gender/
 
Title Indigenous Fishing 
Description Edited story produced by Thomas for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/indigenous-fishing/
 
Title Indigenous Peoples & the Ocean 
Description This short film highlights the voices of Indigenous peoples and local communities from Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa in ocean-climate action. The film was first shown at the High-Level Ocean Dialogue - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Bonn Climate Meeting in June 2022. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact The film was first shown at the High-Level Ocean Dialogue - UNFCCC Bonn Climate Meeting in June 2022. It brought for the first time the voice of Indigenous Peoples and local communities at the High-Level Ocean Dialogue. 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I
 
Title Indlela Yokuphila (the soul's journey) 
Description Indlela Yokuphila is a transdisciplinary project that brought together a range of artists, traditional healers, marine sociologists and deep-sea marine ecologists to collaborate on a more holistic alternative to ocean mapping and decision making. According to the ancestral beliefs of the isiZulu people, the deep sea is a resting place of ancestors, where, after death, the soul travels to, through streams, rivers, estuaries and eventually into the sea. The animation film offers a dazzling digital storytelling experience led by animator/director Marc Moynihan, Empatheatre co-founders Dr Dylan McGarry and award-winning performer and theatre-maker Mpume Mthombeni and composer Braam Du Toit. The soul's journey in isiZulu traditional belief systems is remarkably similar to the scientific idea of the water lifecycle. The animation film is based on an interview with a traditional Zulu historian and a traditional Zulu healer. The interview was part of the One Ocean Hub research on transformative ocean governance in South Africa. The social scientists and artists working on this project use storytelling to illustrate how - if we are willing to listen closely - scientific knowledge and indigenous knowledge can at times align. Please find a password-protected link to Indlela Yokuphila film (6 min 12 sec) below. The animation has not premiered yet, so please do not share this link outside of your organisation. https://vimeo.com/794877550 password: Indlela2023 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact The non-colured version of the animation film was first screened at Climate COP26 in Glasgow, UK at an event that the One Ocean Hub co-organised with the Green Climate Fund titled "Climate-Related Conflict: Arts-Based Mediation and Recourse to Redress" on 10 November 2021, and two Hydrofeminsim events. Indlela Yokuphila film will be launched on 8 June 2023 at the UN World Ocean Day, UN headquarter, New York. 
URL https://vimeo.com/794877550
 
Title Island Abstractions- Paintings by Kneyone Murray 
Description The five abstract paintings created by Kneyone Murray offer us a glimpse of his thinking about our ocean. The paintings celebrate awe at the ocean, its lifegiving power, and the ethereal beauty of marine flora and fauna, but also warns of the vulnerabilities and threats faced by the ocean including climate change and many other less predictable shifts in our environment. Hailing from Trinidad and Tobago, in his artistic expression Kneyone brings together reflections on the vulnerability of islands and islands nations as they experience the accelerated rhythms of change on our planet, inextricably linked to the health of our ocean. 
Type Of Art Artistic/Creative Exhibition 
Year Produced 2024 
Impact Too early for notable impacts 
URL https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/exhibitions/island-abstractions-paintings-by-kneyone-murray/
 
Title Julie Pelomo for JP Arty Design Kaftan Dress wearable art, Solomon Islands 
Description In 2022, Julie Pelomo for JP Arty Design created a Kaftan Dress wearable art. The wearable art was created as part of the Ocean's Lens project in Solomon Islands funded by the Hub's Deep Emotional Engagement (DEEP) Fund. The project was led by the Association of Solomon Islanders in Creative Fashion. It brought together female fashion designers, tailors and young models to create wearable art that communicates customary relationships with the sea. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact Paid employment and training, promotion of practice. Alongside knowledge exchange, the project provided practical training to increase the technical abilities of fashion practitioners. By way of strengthening skills in areas such as design, sewing, modelling, marketing and advocacy, the project provided opportunities for financial, creative and professional empowerment. 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/new-deep-fund-projects/
 
Title Julie Pelomo for JP Arty Design Mandarin Dress 2022 wearable art, Solomon Islands 
Description In 2022, Julie Pelomo for JP Arty Design created a Mandarin Dress wearable art.The wearable art was created as part of the Ocean's Lens project in Solomon Islands funded by the Hub's Deep Emotional Engagement (DEEP) Fund. The project was led by the Association of Solomon Islanders in Creative Fashion. It brought together female fashion designers, tailors and young models to create wearable art that communicates customary relationships with the sea. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact Paid employment and training, promotion of practice. Alongside knowledge exchange, the project provided practical training to increase the technical abilities of fashion practitioners. By way of strengthening skills in areas such as design, sewing, modelling, marketing and advocacy, the project provided opportunities for financial, creative and professional empowerment. 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/new-deep-fund-projects/
 
Title Keiskamma Art Project: Our Sacred Ocean 2022 tapestry, South Africa 
Description Our Sacred Ocean is a monumental tapestry created by the Keiskamma Art Project, South Africa. The circular tapestry is 3.5 metres in diameter. Production of the tapestry was facilitated by the Hub's Deep Emotional Engagement (DEEP) Fund - a collaborative programme of international research that supports community-based art projects that communicate emotional bonds with the ocean. The Keiskamma Art Project convened intergenerational knowledge exchange workshops and storytelling sessions to collect local memories, prayers and rituals that express ancestral connections to the sea. The intricately embroidered motifs of the tapestry reveal the centrality of the ocean to the Eastern Cape communities of Hamburg and Bodium. Alongside imagery that depicts the ocean as a sacred space for cleansing and healing to ensure sustained good-health and wellbeing, the sea is also represented as a space for traditional modes of fishing and harvesting to ensure food and financial security. The tapestry emphasises the value and benefits of international research that embraces the principles of inclusivity, equity and respect. Our Sacred Ocean brought together diverse knowledge holders to give rise to marginalised voices that are underrepresented in conventional approaches to marine science and management. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact Paid employment and training, promotion of practice. The tapestry has travelled as part of DEEP Fund exhibitions including the London Design Biennale's Eureka exhibition in June 2023 and the 'Our Ocean is Sacred, You Can't Mine Heaven' exhibition at Zero Gallery in Cape Town, South Africa, curated by Hub researcher Dr Dylan McGarry of Rhodes University. 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/our-ocean-is-sacred-you-cant-mine-heaven/
 
Title Lalela Ulwandle - Empatheatre - SOUTH AFRICA 
Description Empatheatre is a research-based, theatre-making methodology. A script is developed and performed, emerging from a social science research process consisting of interviews and ethnogrpahy. Post-analysis the team sets out to shape the data into an engrossing and relevant true-to-life theatrical experience. Such experiences are intended to offer theatrical epiphanies that speak emotively to the realities of the situation, and above all to honour the informants' narratives, narratives which are carefully woven into the messaging fabric of the play. Performances are then played to strategic audiences, often made up of people with diverse, even conflicting, views on the central concern represented in the play. Post-play facilitated dialogues allow for another layer of reflexive data to emerge. 
Type Of Art Performance (Music, Dance, Drama, etc) 
Year Produced 2019 
Impact The play has been performed to audiences that consist of hundreds of people who have reported not only realising the depth of their feeling and connection to the ocean, but also of the imperative to protect it. In South Africa, formal nature conservation has a damaging legacy of exclusion to answer for, given that our conservation policies 'have, to date, almost exclusively reflected Western scientific values and beliefs, with an emphasis on protecting nature from human impacts' (Cocks et al., 2012). South Africa is not alone in grappling with this tension; in many countries, well-meaning biodiversity protection policies have resulted in additional formal exclusions for indigenous and economically marginalized groups (Crandall et al., 2018). Some of the social impacts of Marine Protected Areas in South Africa include weakening of local participatory governance, the loss of tenure rights, access to resources by already marginalised communities, leading to food insecurity and reduced household income, and negative impacts on culture and identity (Sowman and Sunde, 2018). Recognizing how different knowledge systems and programs underpinned by these can lead to disparities and exclusions, environmental researchers have argued for an understanding of the important relationship between biodiversity and cultural diversity in conservation management (Cocks et al., 2012). Representatives of the International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA) South Africa came to see one of the Durban Shows, and went on to bring more representatives to shows after that. Since the performance they have invited Lalela to two different events, one locally and another abroad. Empatheatre researchers plan to continue to cultivate particular audiences to encourage conversation and strategising around the tradeoffs that lead to conservation wins awarded at the expense of marginal groups, or where marginal groups are awarded socio-economic resources at the expense of environmental conservation. 
URL https://sancor.nrf.ac.za/Documents/Oct%202019%20Emphatheatre.pdf
 
Title Lalela uLwandle (illustrated short film) 
Description Lalela uLwandle is a research-based theatre project that makes visible stories of living with the ocean that are seldom seen or heard in the public domain. Lalela uLwandle means "Listen to the Sea" in isiZulu. This short illustrated film, works with extracts from two characters from the radio play: Nowandle an isiZulu woman who comes from a long line of healers, and Niren and Indian eco-activist who comes from a long line of fishers. Their particular reflections speak to the history of forced removals and impact of extractive oil, gas and minerals along our coast line. Lalela weaves stories, histories and contemporary concerns of diverse South African coastal communities into an Empatheatre production, Lalela uLwandle explores themes of intergenerational environmental injustices, tangible and intangible ocean heritage, marine science and the myriad threats to ocean health. Lalela uLwandle is an invitation to a participatory public conversation on ocean governance in South Africa. This film is a key output of the One Ocean Hub research focussed on participatory and democratic methods of engagement in ocean governance. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact This short film was released on 21 September 2021 at a public tribunal led by a non-governmental organisation Green Connection as part of their "Who Stole Our Oceans?" environmental campaign in South Africa. The film and tribunal were also covered in online print media outlet The Daily Maverick (https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-09-29-the-true-custodians-of-our-seas-who-is-stealing-south-africas-ocean-heritage/). The short film was also shown during the One Ocean Hub exhibition at COP26 Green Zone on 12 November 2021. The short film was played throughout the exhibition to communicate the Hub's transdisciplinary research approach in uniting diverse stakeholders, including researchers, civil society, youth and Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs) to promote an inclusive approach to climate change adaptation and mitigation. 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p_W3QBz9cPY
 
Title Lorna Tewa'ani Ghai Tangi's wearable art, Solomon Islands 
Description In 2022 Lorna Tewa'ani Ghai Tangi's wearable art was produced in Solomon Islands. The wearable art was created as part of the Ocean's Lens project in Solomon Islands funded by the Hub's Deep Emotional Engagement (DEEP) Fund. The project was led by the Association of Solomon Islanders in Creative Fashion. It brought together female fashion designers, tailors and young models to create wearable art that communicates customary relationships with the sea. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact Paid employment and training, promotion of practice. Alongside knowledge exchange, the project provided practical training to increase the technical abilities of fashion practitioners. By way of strengthening skills in areas such as design, sewing, modelling, marketing and advocacy, the project provided opportunities for financial, creative and professional empowerment. 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/new-deep-fund-projects/
 
Title Maama Water and the Apam Youth song and video 
Description In Ghana, Straight Family Entertainment has convened a collective of marginalised yet highly creative youth to realise the project Maama Water and the Apam Youth. The project was funded by the Hub's Deep Emotional Engagement (DEEP) Fund. Conceived in response to the tragic death of 12 children who drowned in the sea off Apam in March 2021, the project explores the legend of Maame Water - a spirit variously regarded as a sea goddess, mother of the ocean and African mermaid. The Collective - consisting of young musicians, poets, designers and producers - is examining relationships between Ghanaian folklore and the ocean that will result in the production of a song recorded in local languages and an associated video. Engaging with traditional knowledge holders, community elders and area council members, the sharing of intergenerational knowledge about customary practices and traditional rites is a key feature of the project. The conventions of African story-telling are adopted to record narratives that reveal the history, significance and relevance of Maame Water. In November 2022 the recording of Maame Water and the Apam Youth was launched. Watch the recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lu0NHoagk-U 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact Paid employment and training, promotion of practice. 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/new-deep-fund-projects/
 
Title Mapping for Justice 
Description The film 'Mapping for Justice' shows how the Hub together with its partners in South Africa has been supporting the people of Kosi Bay to claim recognition of their customary rights in the context of the iSimangaliso UNESCO World Heritage Site. Research co-produced by the Hub and the local community highlights poor participation, and lack of recognition of Indigenous knowledge systems and cultural heritage related to coastal land as human rights issues arise from the exclusionary nature of conservation and ocean governance processes and practices at local, national and international levels. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2023 
Impact Over 200 views on YouTube 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/new-short-film-mapping-for-justice-is-about-a-long-lasting-battle-for-custom...
 
Title Marine Portraits Exhibition 
Description The knowledge exchange platform One Ocean Learn's second art exhibition featured artworks by the Hub's Director, Prof Elisa Morgera. The online exhibition titled "Marine portraits" includes eight 38×27 cm ink and watercolour paintings (hammerhead shark, whale, dugong, dolphin, manta ray, ultra-black deep-sea fish, manatee, and seahorse) that Elisa created during the first lockdown in the UK in 2020. The artwork 'celebrates the uniqueness and allure of marine life' according to Elisa and allowed her to feel personally connected to marine biodiversity. The artwork is loosely inspired by Dylan McGarry's artwork for the One Ocean Hub's website. The exhibition is accompanied by personal memories of the sea and reflections on ocean research and governance. 
Type Of Art Artistic/Creative Exhibition 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact Marine portraits are exhibited in One Ocean Learn (OOL) that is co-developed by the Hub and UN Institute of Training and Research to inspire more artists to exhibit their works in this platform to reach more audience. 
URL https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/exhibitions/marine-portraits/
 
Title Marylyn Bae for MB Collection Coral Dress wearable art Solomon Islands 
Description In 2022 Marylyn Bae created Coral Dress wearable art for MB Collection in Solomon Islands. The wearable art was created as part of the Ocean's Lens project in Solomon Islands funded by the Hub's Deep Emotional Engagement (DEEP) Fund. The project was led by the Association of Solomon Islanders in Creative Fashion. It brought together female fashion designers, tailors and young models to create wearable art that communicates customary relationships with the sea. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact Paid employment and training, promotion of practice. Alongside knowledge exchange, the project provided practical training to increase the technical abilities of fashion practitioners. By way of strengthening skills in areas such as design, sewing, modelling, marketing and advocacy, the project provided opportunities for financial, creative and professional empowerment. 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/new-deep-fund-projects/
 
Title Marylyn Bae for MB Collection Kwairabu Dress wearable art, Solomon Islands 
Description In 2022 Marylyn Bae created Kwairabu Dress wearable art for MB Collection in Solomon Islands. The wearable art was created as part of the Ocean's Lens project in Solomon Islands funded by the Hub's Deep Emotional Engagement (DEEP) Fund. The project was led by the Association of Solomon Islanders in Creative Fashion. It brought together female fashion designers, tailors and young models to create wearable art that communicates customary relationships with the sea. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact Paid employment and training, promotion of practice. Alongside knowledge exchange, the project provided practical training to increase the technical abilities of fashion practitioners. By way of strengthening skills in areas such as design, sewing, modelling, marketing and advocacy, the project provided opportunities for financial, creative and professional empowerment. 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/new-deep-fund-projects/
 
Title Net Fishers 
Description Oil on canvas produced by Kenneth Shandu to accompany the edited story The Opressed Fishermen for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for artist Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/the-oppressed-fisherman/
 
Title Netai en Namou Toc (Stories of Mother Ocean) illustrated book 
Description In 2022 the Erromango Cultural Association produced an illustrated book titled Netai en Namou Toc (Stories of Mother Ocean). Led by the Erromango Cultural Association in Vanuatu, the project foregrounds indigenous knowledge of the sea through an illustrated children's book. Customary stories and oral histories are presented alongside information about centuries old rock art, trade routes, fishing methods, poisoning remedies, wind names and maritime navigation. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact Our community-led art-based research project Netai en Namou Toc (Stories of Mother Ocean) was showcased at the Moana Blue Pacific Pavilion at Climate Conference COP27, Sharm el Sheikh, Egypt on 17 November 2022. The project also resulted in paid employment and training and promotion of transdiciplinary research practice in Vanuatu. 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/indigenous-knowledge-and-inclusive-ocean-governance-a-case-study-from-vanuat...
 
Title Netai en Namou Toc - Stories of Mother Ocean 
Description his short film presents Netai en Namou Toc (Stories of Mother Ocean), a newly published illustrated children's book produced by the Erromango Cultural Association in collaboration with One Ocean Hub's Deep Emotional Engagement Programme (DEEP) Fund. The book harnesses the rich artistic and cultural heritage of Erromango, a southern island of Vanuatu, to record, preserve and promote indigenous knowledge, custom stories and oral histories relating to the ocean. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact The book was recently presented at Climate COP27, Moana Blue Pacific Pavilion (Blue Zone) in Sharm-el Sheik, Egypt. The event was attended by Hon. Ralph Regenvanu, the Vanuatu's Minister of Climate Change, academia, and civil society. 
URL https://vimeo.com/763057594?fbclid=IwAR1vqBPdaBWILRAf1sdNPLol9Xa5cK1v78EoTOtzgijN_ZWd1vaLrywwKdw
 
Title Nibela River 
Description Oil on canvas produced by Kenneth Shandu to accompany the edited story Indigenous Fishing for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for artist Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/indigenous-fishing/
 
Title Ocean & Women 
Description This One Ocean Hub's short film presents the story of a Ghanaian fish worker, Peace Gavour Abla, and discusses the challenges faced by Ghanaian women living in coastal communities. The film highlights the importance of improving the protection of women's human rights in small-scale fisheries and holding governments and businesses accountable. Around the world, women play a critical role along the entire economic value chain in small-scale fisheries, but their voice is often not heard. In Ghana, the One Ocean Hub together with civil society partners organises a series of workshops, aiming to better understand the barriers and opportunities to protecting the human rights of women in small-scale fisheries (read more here: https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ The film celebrates women in small-scale fisheries who strive for genuine participation in ocean-related decision-making. Produced by: What Took You So Long? 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact This short-documentary film on women small scale fishers in Ghana was premiered at the Hub's led in-person side-event titled 'The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' at the UN Ocean Conference on 28th June 2022 in Lisbon, Portugal. The screening of the five-minute film Ocean and Women that gives voice to Ghanaian women fishers and their engagement with the blue economy sparked discussion between Hub, partners, and attendees including representatives from the Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, the World Wide Fund for Nature, Association of Commonwealth Universities, the Danish Institute for Human Rights and UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) on opportunities and challenges women small-scale fishers face. It provided a starting point for the discussion to distil relevant lessons learnt for innovative approaches to inclusivity, human rights protection and non-discrimination in transformative ocean knowledge co-production and sustainable ocean-based economies. Excerpts from the film was also used during the Hub led panel titled "Indigenous Peoples, traditional knowledge, and ocean-climate action" at the Climate COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 10th November 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGLY0jwzllU&t=1744s). The documentary was also shared with women fishers in Ghana for feedback and engagement. Their responses mirrored the sentiments expressed in the documentary. 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA
 
Title Ocean Connections Photovoice Exhibition 
Description Photovoice exhibition and ancillary multi-stakeholder workshop in Mandeni KZN, with Dr Mia Strand as part of her PhD. Written up in Strand PhD as well as forthcoming papers. Displayed in the in-person exhibition in March 2023 and kept up by choice by the Traditional Council for their community hall to reminder the community of the ocean connections and challenges in their community. 
Type Of Art Artistic/Creative Exhibition 
Year Produced 2023 
Impact We are hoping that this work will inform the development of the uThukela Marine Protected Area management plan but there is no guarantee that it will. We invited various officials and management authorities to the exhibition and the workshop so they know this knowledge exists but it is up to them to take this knowledge up as we do not have the capacity to follow this up. We also worked closely with the NGO, Wild Trust, who works in this area and are aware of this work and should help to take this knowledge and findings up into the management plan. 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4fyVrMjH7z0
 
Title Ocean Connections: a multimedia exhibition from Algoa Bay, South Africa 
Description Indigenous and local knowledge is important for how we use and care for our ocean and coasts. Too often, these knowledge systems and knowledge holders are excluded from how the ocean is used and managed. Working with Indigenous and local knowledge holders in Algoa Bay, South Africa, this project explores ways of using photography and storytelling to convey peoples' personal relationship with the ocean. The multimedia exhibition is the result of the research led by Mia Strand as part of her PhD, and a postdoctoral project led by Dr Nina Rivers (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) to develop an integrated marine spatial plan for the Bay that will inform the national Marine Spatial Planning process. The research also forms part of the the SA/Norway Joint Research Programme on Ocean Research (SANOCEAN) Project and One Ocean Hub work on moving towards more inclusive ocean governance. You can read more about the project here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsust.2022.100178 and here: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.886632. In 2022 the multimedia exhibition had taken place at the South End Museum in Gqeberha in March 2022, at the Our Ocean is Sacred exhibition in Cape Town in November 2022, and at the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) marine science exhibition in Cape Town in December 2022. For more information see here: https://www.algoabayproject.com/ocean-connections. Follow link to virtual exhibition here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=17s and to the documentary here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0&t=40s. The film is produced by: Amehlo Productions. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact Hub researchers who organised the exhibition, Dr Nina Rivers and Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) received positive feedback from co-researchers and government officials who attended the exhibition. The exhibition made co-researchers, that also include local Xhoi and San community, so proud to share their work and stories with representatives of the government of South Africa who attended the exhibition. This event has helped to inform the government representatives on the different and alternative uses of the ocean and coast in South Africa. Government officials involved in marine spatial planning in South Africa has said they have learned things they did not know about people's cultural connections to the ocean and coast. Representatives of coastal management and conservation authorities have highlighted that they need to work closer with Indigenous and local knowledge holders in the future. The workshop following the exhibition in March 2022 also informed specific pathways to ensure this. 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s
 
Title Our Ocean Our Identity: Papua New Guinea 
Description Mural produced by Pax Jakupa for the DEEP Fund project Our Ocean Our Identity. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment and capacity development for lead artist Paid employment and training for two youth artists Further mural commission for artist (University of Goroka) Notable Engagements: Project Facebook page https://www.facebook.com/search/top?q=our%20ocean%20our%20identity One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/
 
Title Our Ocean Our Identity: Solomon Islands 
Description Mural produced by Lloyd Newton for the DEEP Fund project Our Ocean Our Identity. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment and capacity development for lead artist Paid employment and training for three youth artists Further mural commissions for artist (Coronation High School; National University of Solomon Islands) Notable Engagements: Project Facebook page https://www.facebook.com/search/top?q=our%20ocean%20our%20identity One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ Newspaper article 'Local Artist Wins Award', Solomon Star News, 13 March 2021, https://www.solomonstarnews.com/index.php/news/national/item/25266-local-artist-wins-award 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/
 
Title Our Ocean Our Identity: Vanuatu 
Description Mural produced by Alvaro Sumaki Kuautonga for the DEEP Fund project Our Ocean Our Identity. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment and capacity development for lead artist Art training and capacity building for 40 women and youth Market of textiles produced by women and youth raised 66,000 vatu Further mural commissions for artist (private residence; Pikinini Play Time) Notable Engagments: Project Facebook page https://www.facebook.com/search/top?q=our%20ocean%20our%20identity One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ Newspaper article 'Local Artist Wins Award', Vanuatu Daily Post, 13 March 2021, https://dailypost.vu/news/local-artist-wins-award/article_15db1e24-8519-11eb-8138-1bad3ed14307.html Meeting with Mrs Karen Bell, UK High Commissioner to the Republic of Vanuatu, June 2021 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/
 
Title Our Ocean, Our Identity: Papua New Guinea 2021 mural 
Description The mural 'Our Ocean, Our Identity: Papua New Guinea 2021' was developed as part of the Hub's Deep Emotional Engagement (DEEP) Fund project titled 'Our Ocean Our Identity' by Pax Jakupa with Derrick Lendu and Georgina Woti. This project 'Our Ocean, Our Identity' was initiated in 2021 under the Deep Fund, led by Pax Jakupa (Papua New Guinea), in collaboration with artists in Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. An initiative of three local artists - Lloyd Newton in the Solomon Islands, Pax Jakupa in Papua New Guinea and Alvaro Sumaki Kuautonga in Vanuatu - the project is a rare opportunity for artistic cross-country engagement in a region often overlooked by global art markets. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment and training, promotion of practice. 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/
 
Title Our Ocean, Our Identity: Solomon Islands 2021 mural, Solomon Islands 
Description Our Ocean Our Identity: Solomon Islands mural was produced by Lloyd Newton with Stanley Biriau, Allen Makana, Walex Raeti, Siru Tana, George Tino, and Susan Vivi in Solomon Islands. The mural was developed as part of the Hub's Deep Emotional Engagement (DEEP) Fund project titled 'Our Ocean Our Identity'. This project "Our Ocean, Our Identity " was initiated in 2021 under the Deep Fund, led by Pax Jakupa (Papua New Guinea), in collaboration with artists in Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. An initiative of three local artists - Lloyd Newton in the Solomon Islands, Pax Jakupa in Papua New Guinea and Alvaro Sumaki Kuautonga in Vanuatu - the project is a rare opportunity for artistic cross-country engagement in a region often overlooked by global art markets 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment and training, promotion of practice 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/
 
Title Our Ocean, Our Identity: Vanuatu 2021 mural 
Description The mural 'Our Ocean, Our Identity: Vanuatu 2021' was developed as part of the Hub's Deep Emotional Engagement (DEEP) Fund project titled 'Our Ocean Our Identity' by Alvaro Sumaki Kuautonga with Jean Yves Bihu, Rapsin Bihu, Jimmal Kuautonga, and Marisha Kuautonga This project "Our Ocean, Our Identity " was initiated in 2021 under the Deep Fund, led by Pax Jakupa (Papua New Guinea), in collaboration with artists in Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. An initiative of three local artists - Lloyd Newton in the Solomon Islands, Pax Jakupa in Papua New Guinea and Alvaro Sumaki Kuautonga in Vanuatu - the project is a rare opportunity for artistic cross-country engagement in a region often overlooked by global art markets. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment and training, promotion of practice. 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/
 
Title Paddles without boats, Lamps without Paraffin 
Description "Paddles without boats, Lamps without Paraffin" is a playback theatre script and process to facilitate discussion around negotiating of fair and favourable contracts with private fishing companies. This play back theatre and related discussion was part of the Eastern Cape Small Scale Fishers workshop in June 2022, and videos of the play were shared on the Small-Scale Fishers National Leaders Whatsapp group. 
Type Of Art Performance (Music, Dance, Drama, etc) 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact The play has contributed to a deepened, more empowered, more nuanced and more plural engagement with complex socio-ecological-political aspects of ocean relationships and governance. 
 
Title Pele Moonsamy: A Fisher to Remember 
Description Edited story produced by Kira Erwin for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/pele-moonsamy-a-fisher-to-remember/
 
Title Pele and Bina 
Description Oil on canvas produced by Bandile Gumede to accompany the edited story Pele Moonsamy: A Fisher to Remember for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for artist Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/pele-moonsamy-a-fisher-to-remember/
 
Title Privilege in the Distance 
Description Watercolour produced by Rohini Amratlal to accompany the oral history Segregated for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for artist Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/segregated-jps-story/
 
Title Project Facebook page: Our Ocean, Our Identity 
Description The Facebook page of 'Our Ocean, Our Identity' provides information on activities and outputs related to this project. The project "Our Ocean, Our Identity " was initiated in 2021 under the Hub's Deep Emotional Engagement (DEEP) Fund, led by Pax Jakupa (Papua New Guinea), in collaboration with artists in Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. An initiative of three local artists - Lloyd Newton in the Solomon Islands, Pax Jakupa in Papua New Guinea and Alvaro Sumaki Kuautonga in Vanuatu - the project is a rare opportunity for artistic cross-country engagement in a region often overlooked by global art markets. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment and training, promotion of practice 
URL https://www.facebook.com/search/top?q=our%20ocean%20our%20identity
 
Title Reflecting on social impacts of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) on MPA Day 
Description "Reflecting on social impacts of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) on MPA Day" is infographics reflecting on the history and ongoing impacts of Marine Protected Areas in South Africa. The inforgraphics was shared to the Small-Scale Fishers National Leaders Whatsapp group in August 2022, as well as on the Coastal Justice Network instagram page. 
Type Of Art Artefact (including digital) 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact "Reflecting on social impacts of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) on MPA Day" infographics have contributed to a deepened, more empowered, more nuanced and more plural engagement with complex socio-ecological-political aspects of ocean relationships and governance. 
URL https://www.instagram.com/p/Cgzs7w8KtWA/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=
 
Title Risks 
Description Photograph produced by Rohini Amratlal to accompany the oral history Fishers Unite for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Image 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for artist Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/fishers-unite/
 
Title Sea Undertaker 
Description Acrylic on canvas produced by Derrick Lendu for the DEEP Fund project Our Ocean Our Identity. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment and training for artist Notable Engagements: Project Facebook page https://www.facebook.com/search/top?q=our%20ocean%20our%20identity One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/
 
Title Sea Undertaker painting 
Description 'Sea Undertaker' is an acrylic on canvas painting produced by Derrick Lendu in 2021 in Papua New Guinea. This painting is produced as part of the 'Our Ocean Our Identity' project. The project "Our Ocean, Our Identity " was initiated in 2021 under the Hub's Deep Emotional Engagement (DEEP) Fund, led by Pax Jakupa (Papua New Guinea), in collaboration with artists in Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. An initiative of three local artists - Lloyd Newton in the Solomon Islands, Pax Jakupa in Papua New Guinea and Alvaro Sumaki Kuautonga in Vanuatu - the project is a rare opportunity for artistic cross-country engagement in a region often overlooked by global art markets. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment and training, promotion of practice. 
 
Title Segregated 
Description Oral history produced by PJ for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/segregated-jps-story/
 
Title Short animation film: Defenders of the Ocean 
Description Launched on 10th December 2022 (International Human Rights Day), this short animation film tells the story of a South African small-scale fisherwoman, Hilda Adams, who poignantly talks about the challenges small-scale fisher communities face. The film explains how the One Ocean Hub works with small-scale fishers, UN agencies and other partners to protect small-scale fishers and their communities' human rights during the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries (IYAFA) and beyond. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact The film was premiered at Climate COP27 in November 2022 at an event that the Hub co-organised with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, United Nations Office for Human Rights Commissioner, and Blue Ventures for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion. 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY&t=2s
 
Title Solidarity Map of Eastern Cape Small Scale Fishers 
Description "Solidarity Map of Eastern Cape Small Scale Fishers" is a participatory map of the Eastern Cape coastline, rivers and location of small scale fisher cooperatives in relation to one another, to catalyse discussions about building greater cooperation and solidarity between different fisherfolk communities. The map was created in real time / real life together with fishers at the Eastern Cape small scale fishers workshop in June 2022. A framed print of this map was exhibited at the 'Our Ocean is Sacred' exhibition in Cape Town, South Africa from September to November 2022. A version of this map is also available on the Coastal Justice Network instagram page: 
Type Of Art Artefact (including digital) 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact The map has contributed to a deepened, more empowered, more nuanced and more plural engagement with complex socio-ecological-political aspects of ocean relationships and governance. 
URL https://www.instagram.com/p/CeVibOhKeM0/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=
 
Title St Helena Bay photovoice exhibition 
Description St Helena Bay photovoice project has used photovoice method to document hidden activities in the fisheries value chain. Images and audio recordings generated from this project will be used as part of exhibition material that Hub researchers at the University of Cape Town, South Africa will co-organise with fishers in 2023. 
Type Of Art Image 
Year Produced 2023 
Impact The project is still in development but will provide the opportunity for the direct contribution of fishers to the mapping of their fishery activities. 
 
Title Stained Memories 
Description Watercolour and found object produced by Rohini Amratlal to accompany the oral history I Got Hooked for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for artist Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/i-got-hooked-jps-story/
 
Title The Art of Fishing 
Description Oral history produced by Riaz for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/the-art-of-fishing/
 
Title The Battle for the Piers 
Description Edited story produced by Thabisile Gumede for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for author Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/battle-for-the-piers/
 
Title The Blue Blanket: An Illustrated Poem 
Description The Blue Blanket is an illustrated poem spoken from Ulwandle (Ocean) as a response to ongoing oil and gas prospecting and developments along the South Africa coast. The isiXhosa word for ocean, uLwandle, falls in the same noun class as 'ubuntu' - in Nguni languages, the ocean is not a thing, not an object, like ubuntu - we are, because the ocean is. Therefore a poem written from the oceans perspective would be a We, not and I. This poem challenges developers to feel from the perspective of the ocean. The film is directed, illustrated and edited by Hub researcher Dylan McGarry. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact The film was released on 25 of November 2021, few days before Shell's seismic survey on the Wild Coast in South Africa began. The film reached over 1868 viewers within the first 12 hours release. The film has been shared widely on social media and has reached nearly 10,000 views on YouTube. 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UBubIpCWuk
 
Title The Human Chain 
Description Oral history produced by Snowy for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/the-human-chain-snowys-story/
 
Title The Ocean and Climate Change 
Description This short film introduces the One Ocean Hub's research efforts and approach at the ocean-climate nexus. It explains why integrated and inclusive ocean governance is essential in tackling climate change and ensuring a just transition to a low-carbon future in the face of the rapid and vast changes that climate change is causing to the ocean, ocean life and the lives of the people reliant upon it. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact The film was played at Climate Change COP26 Green Zone Exhibition in November 2021, in Glasgow, UK. 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGqWCd9UR2Y&t=3s
 
Title The Opressed Fishermen 
Description Edited story produced by Thabisile Gumede for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for author Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/the-oppressed-fisherman/
 
Title The Sea is My Farm: Roy's Story 
Description Edited story produced by Doung Jahangeer for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for author Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/the-sea-is-my-farm-roys-story-by-doung/
 
Title The Treacherous South Pier 
Description Oral history produced by Snowy for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/the-treacherous-south-pier-snowys-story/
 
Title The WiseSands 
Description Launched on 18 April 2024, the WiseSands exhibition is derived from an art project by Mireia Bes Garcia in which she engages with the sea turtles as recent arrivals to the shore of her native Catalunya. Follow the globe-trotting turtles of this exhibition to explore the story of the climate change threat to our ocean on the one hand, and the resilience and wisdom of the sea turtles on the other. 
Type Of Art Artistic/Creative Exhibition 
Year Produced 2024 
Impact Too early for notable impacts 
URL https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/exhibitions/wisesands/
 
Title The nexus between tangible and intangible cultural heritage and ocean governance in Ghana: The Case of Canoe Inscriptions, Festivals and Asafo Companies 
Description The One Ocean Hub's research in Ghana contributes to bridging the disconnection between legal, scientific and socio-cultural dimensions of ocean governance and cultural heritage drawing on the voices and perspectives of local people. In this short documentary we take a look at the symbolism of canoes among coastal people in Ghana and its relationship with Asafo* groups and local festivals. Through local knowledge systems, the researchers demonstrated how canoe inscriptions and the political economy of Asafo companies draws attention to the nexus between the tangible and intangible cultural heritage of coastal people and communities and its implications for fisheries management and ocean governance. *Asafo companies were the traditional warriors in local communities in Ghana involved in both defence and rescue missions until the evolution of the modern military. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact This documentary was first shown during the 'Canoe Culture and Heritage in Ghana' webinar by Dr. Georgina Yaa Oduro and Dr. John Windie Ansah of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology of the University of Cape Coast. The webinar was part of the Hub's programme of events during the United Nations World Oceans Week in June 2021. 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0
 
Title Traditions and tales from the sea 
Description The 16 images in this exhibition have been developed by the artist, Julia Granillo Tostada, to narrate stories and myths around the ocean from different parts of the world. They have been inspired by various locations and cultures related to the oceans, integrating different graphic elements and traditional stories. The images are divided into four themes. Each theme has been designed to narrate a small story or situation through four iterations of the main illustration in different contexts: day time, night time, good weather and bad weather. The illustrations are inspired by the locations and cultures on which this platform is focused. The images in this exhibition were commissioned for the One Ocean Learn platform. For the platform, the artist has animated these images in a way which ensures that the platform remains low-bandwidth friendly. Depending on where users are located in time and space - day/night or good weather/bad weather - they will see four potential sets of background images. If you visit the platform at another time of day, when the wind is blowing and seas are rough, you will see a different background, featuring other images. 
Type Of Art Artistic/Creative Exhibition 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact No notable impacts 
URL https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/exhibitions/traditions-and-tales-from-the-sea/
 
Title Umkhosi Wenala Empatheatre play 
Description Umkhosi Wenala Empatheatre play is an Empatheatre and Mbazwana Creative Arts production related to the history of Isimangaliso Wetland Park. Hub researcher Dr Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, South Africa) is one of the co-founder of Empatheatre. Hub early career researcher Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University) contributed some research towards the development of the script. The play was performed in Northern Kwa Zulu Natal in September 2022. 
Type Of Art Performance (Music, Dance, Drama, etc) 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact Umkhosi Wenala Empatheatre play has contributed to a deepened, more empowered, more nuanced and more plural engagement with complex socio-ecological-political aspects of ocean relationships and governance. 
URL https://www.empatheatre.com/umkhosi-wenala
 
Title Understanding the deep sea 
Description Narrated by early-career researcher Kirsty McQuaid (University of Plymouth, UK and South African National Biodiversity Institute), the film talks about the benefits and challenges of deep-sea research and describes key focus areas of the Hub's research, such as habitat mapping and medical microbiology. The film also highlights The African Network for Deep-water Researchers that was established as a response to the fact that 'Africa has been identified as lacking capacity for deep-sea and offshore research, a critical limitation in the management of key deep-water Blue Economy sectors'. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2024 
Impact No notable impacts to date 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/new-short-film-understanding-the-deep-sea/
 
Title Untitled acrylic on canvas painting 
Description The untitled acrylic on canvas painting was produced by Georgina Woti in 2021 in Papua New Guinea. This painting is produced as part of the 'Our Ocean Our Identity' project. The project "Our Ocean, Our Identity " was initiated in 2021 under the Hub's Deep Emotional Engagement (DEEP) Fund, led by Pax Jakupa (Papua New Guinea), in collaboration with artists in Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. An initiative of three local artists - Lloyd Newton in the Solomon Islands, Pax Jakupa in Papua New Guinea and Alvaro Sumaki Kuautonga in Vanuatu - the project is a rare opportunity for artistic cross-country engagement in a region often overlooked by global art markets. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment and training, promotion of practice 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/
 
Title Untitled1 
Description Photograph produced by Casey Pratt to accompany the oral history An Unusual Catch for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Image 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for artist Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/an-unusual-catch-tamlynns-story/
 
Title Untitled10 
Description Photograph produced by Nompilo Mthethwa to accompany the edited story A Family that Fishes Together Stays Together for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Image 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for artist Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/a-family-that-fishes-together-stays-together/
 
Title Untitled11 
Description Photograph produced by Nompilo Mthethwa to accompany the edited story The Battle for the Piers for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Image 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for artist Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/battle-for-the-piers/
 
Title Untitled12 
Description Photograph produced by Zimvo Nonjola to accompany the oral history A Dwindling Species for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Image 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for artist Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/a-dwindling-species/
 
Title Untitled13 
Description Photograph produced by Kira Erwin to accompany the oral history Being Outdoors for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Image 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/being-outdoors-montys-story/
 
Title Untitled14 
Description Acrylic on canvas produced by Georgina Woti for the DEEP Fund project Our Ocean Our Identity. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment and training for artist Notable Engagements: Project Facebook page https://www.facebook.com/search/top?q=our%20ocean%20our%20identity One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/
 
Title Untitled2 
Description Photograph produced by Casey Pratt to accompany the oral history Where Have All the Fish Gone for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Image 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for artist Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/where-have-all-the-bait-fish-gone/
 
Title Untitled3 
Description Photograph produced by Doung Jahangeer to accompany the edited story The Sea is My Farm: Roy's Story for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Image 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for artist Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/the-sea-is-my-farm-roys-story-by-doung/
 
Title Untitled4 
Description Photograph produced by Ezami Molefe to accompany the edited story A Fishing Heritage in Peril for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Image 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for artist Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/a-fishing-heritage-in-peril/
 
Title Untitled5 
Description Photograph produced by Ezami Molefe to accompany the oral history A Violation of the Sea for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Image 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for artist Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/a-violation-of-the-sea-riazs-story/
 
Title Untitled6 
Description Photograph produced by Ezami Molefe to accompany the oral history The Human Chain for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Image 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for artist Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/the-human-chain-snowys-story/
 
Title Untitled7 
Description Photograph produced by Lina Macanhe to accompany the oral history Close Encounters for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Image 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for artist Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/riazs-close-encounter/
 
Title Untitled8 
Description Photograph produced by Lina Macanhe to accompany the edited story In a Perfect World, Fishing Has No Gender for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Image 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for artist Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/in-a-perfect-world-fishing-has-no-gender/
 
Title Untitled9 
Description Photograph produced by Nompilo Mthethwa to accompany the oral history The Art of Fishing for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Image 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for artist Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/the-art-of-fishing/
 
Title View from the South Pier 
Description Photograph produced by Kira Erwin to accompany the oral history A Treacherous South Pier for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Image 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/the-treacherous-south-pier-snowys-story/
 
Title Waves of Impact 
Description The film 'Waves of Impact' offers an opportunity to hear directly from Hub researchers and partners on their reflections of participating in the Hub, encapsulating five years of work, harnessing further evidence of the impacts that have emerged from the work of the Hub. It is evident that one of the major impacts demonstrated is the transformation taking place at the local community level, the national or regional level and even at the international level. The Hub has strived to maintain a transdisciplinary space which although challenging, is also incredibly rewarding for those who have fully engaged throughout, paving the way for future transformative ocean research and governance approaches. The film demonstrates one of the biggest impacts of One Ocean Hub has been in influencing and driving processes that are essential for fair and inclusive decision making, reflecting on what has been achieved since the beginning of the Hub and what was learned along the way, as well as looking forward to what comes next. Produced with Three Peaks Productions and edited by KOGIA https://3peaksproductions.com/ | https://www.kogia.org/ 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2024 
Impact 903 views on One Ocean Hub Youtube channel between October 2024 and March 2025 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOcCJjjwMIg&t=3s
 
Title What is Empatheatre: Short Documentary Film 
Description This short documentary film introduces Empatheatre as a methodology in sculpting new social spaces that act as amphitheaters for empathy. A space for reflexive deep listening in society over a public concern, that contributes to participatory justice in decision making, meaning making and solidarity building across societal spheres. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2020 
Impact The documentary as published in December 2020 with the aim to engage a range of stakeholders, in particular researchers, policy makers, and practitioners responsible for undertaking public dialogues and consultation in policy and planning processes. The documentary seeks to introduce new approaches to participation in decision making. 
URL https://www.empatheatre.com/
 
Title Where Have All the Bait Fish Gone 
Description Oral history produced by Grant for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/where-have-all-the-bait-fish-gone/
 
Title Women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana - the unsung heroines 
Description The short film 'Women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana - the unsung heroines' talks about the contributions of women in the fisheries sector in Ghana. The film dwells into the workshops that were organised by Hub researchers and local partners in Ghana in 2021-2023. The workshops sought to empower the women to realise their human rights issues relating to their work as fish processors, entrepreneurship, and financial literacy to provide stability in their families. Some of the key achievements of the One Ocean Hub's Ghana team are stated in the film. In spite of the enormous contributions made by women in small-scale fisheries at the pre- and post-harvest sectors, women are normally excluded from the decision-making process, especially in matters concerning fisheries. The short film 'Women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana - the unsung heroines' talks about the contributions of women in the fisheries sector in Ghana. The film dwells into the workshops that were organised by Hub researchers and local partners in Ghana in 2021-2023. The workshops empowered women in small-scale fisheries on the coast of the four coastal regions of Ghana (Western, Central, Greater Accra and Volta regions). The workshops sought to empower the women to realise their human rights issues relating to their work as fish processors, entrepreneurship, and financial literacy to provide stability in their families. This is meant to help them to participate in decision-making. At the workshops, the women were also empowered to stand against Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing. The film also shows that at the workshops, pop-up law clinics were set up to let women voice out their legal challenges related to work in the fisheries sector and receive advise from legal experts on how to tackle these challenges. Some of the key achievements of the One Ocean Hub's Ghana team are stated in the film. The Hub's Ghana team wishes to acknowledge the 'willingness of the women in the various coastal communities to avail themselves for the workshop and also contribute the experiences they have gathered in their work with the One Ocean Hub'. We also acknowledge the following for the production: 1. Script Writer, voice over and Executive Producer: Richard Kwadwo Nyarko. 2. Camera Technicians: Usman Abdullah and Solomon Acquah 3. Video Editors: Usman Abdullah and David Asare 4. Drone Pilot: Usman Abdullah 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2024 
Impact 302 views on the One Ocean Hub Youtube channel since upload on Apr 3, 2024 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N7U5ZI8Qmr0&t=403s
 
Title You Live by the Sea; You Die by the Sea 
Description Oral history produced by Andre and William for the DEEP Fund project Fishers Tales. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Paid employment for project manager Training and capacity building of fieldworks Strengthened partnership between Durban University of Technology and South Durban Community Environmental Alliance Notable Engagements: Project website https://fisherstales.org/ Artwork shared via social media One Ocean Hub blog post Artfully Sustaining the Sea, 27 January 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ One Ocean Hub blog post Fishers Tales: Stories with the Sea, 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-tales-stories-with-the-sea/ Exhibition and associated public programmes, KwaZulu-Natal Society of the Arts, March-April 2022 Art(iv)istic Storytelling for Social Change workshop, May 2021, 37 participants 
URL https://fisherstales.org/andre-and-williams-story-you-live-by-the-sea-you-die-by-the-sea/
 
Title Youth digital art on the ocean 
Description Launched on 2 July 2024, this exhibition features digital artworks created by young people in collaboration with two international non-governmental organizations, the Sustainable Ocean Alliance, The Oxygen Project and Peaceboat, USA. Part One: Peaceboat Peace Boat is curating an international exhibition of Augmented Reality (AR) interactive artwork for the UN Ocean Decade to raise awareness for ocean conservation and climate action. Use the Artivive App to see the images come to life on your phone or mobile device. Image 1: Co-exist Originally painted by Japanese artist, Satoshi Fujita aka Dragon76, who is a guest speaker onboard the Peace Boat. The artist created this live painting for a collaboration with the non-profit organization, PangeaSeed. Image 2: Strawpocalypse Installation about plastic pollution by artist and creative, Ben Vonwong, donated as part of the 'Action for the Oceans' program for the UN Ocean Decade. Part Two: The Oxygen Project and Sustainable Ocean Alliance Image 1: The deep sea (Jamilah Muhammad) Image 2: This is our home. Part 1 (Jamilah Muhammad) Image 3: This is our home. Part 2 (Fanny Didou) Image 4: The deep ocean (Fanny Didou) Image 5: No to submarine mining (Claudio Ciaozzi, aka Ciaozzama) 
Type Of Art Artistic/Creative Exhibition 
Year Produced 2024 
Impact Too early to have notable impacts 
URL https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/exhibitions/youth-digital-art-on-the-ocean/
 
Description Our findings indicate that current approaches to ocean governance are insufficiently integrated, undermining ocean health, and are not inclusive of different needs in society, undermining economic and socio-cultural wellbeing. We have proven that a human rights-based approach to ocean governance supports more integrated and inclusive decision making, to the benefit of those whose lives and livelihoods are marginalised, but are most closely connected to the ocean. Our pioneering approach to a human rights-based and arts-based transdisciplinary research has continued to receive growing international and local recognition for enabling marginalized actors to voice their demands and exercise their rights.

In South Africa, we documented and support multi-stakeholder responses to violations of small-scale fishers' (SSF) human rights, in the application of policy and legislation on fisheries, blue economy developments, marine conservation and land-based developments negatively impacting on the ocean. We also shed new light on distinctive knowledge systems and livelihoods of women in small-scale fishing communities. Researchers further documented the exclusion of SSF communities from relevant policy and decision-making processes and undue enforcement action. We have also co-developed innovative approaches to support SSF communities to collectively strategize nation-wide and across scales on multiple challenges through the Coastal Justice Network (CJN) on threats arising from oil and gas explorations, blue economy activities as well as fisheries conservation and governance that negatively impact on SSFs' human rights. Furthermore, the Empatheatre play titled "Umkhosi Wenala" (isZulu for "Festival of Abundance") embodies new findings and methods (counter-hegemonic mapping, participatory rural appraisals) for inter-generational and gender-transformative dialogue on exclusionary marine conservation, gender inequity and indigenous communities' customary laws.

In Ghana, our findings indicate that key fisheries are under high fishing pressure, including potential collapse of the seabream fishery; reduced production in spite of increased fisher effort, and potential differences in temperature responses affecting the vulnerability of species important to ecosystem functioning. In parallel, we found what are the highest threats to the human rights of small-scale fishers (livelihoods, food), as well women within these communities (access to support; participation in decision-making) and children (health, education). We are finalizing innovative tools to integrate varied datasets and tools developed, to support different sectors of government in balancing multiple and competing fisheries and other marine sectors (e.g. oil and gas) with a view to protecting the most vulnerable (SDG 14b).

In Namibia, we clarified the value of marine resources for small-scale fisheries, blue carbon potential and coastal tourism, as well as for continued cultural connections and traditional fishing activities of displaced Indigenous communities (Topnaar), to ensure that decisions at the national level take a more integrated approach to the ocean and its benefits to society.

Internationally, our research clarified how more comprehensive human rights protection for SSFs, children, women and ocean defenders, supports the realization of multiple SDGs. We have also clarified the negative impacts on cultural rights of unsustainable and exclusionary blue economy initiatives, as well as "just transition" processes. Our recommendations were included in a variety of guidance documents addressed to States by different UN bodies.
Exploitation Route Co-production of research and sustainable development solutions with ocean-dependent communities through innovative human rights-based and arts-based approaches is enabling better understanding of historical and contemporary injustices linked to the ocean and its resources, as well as the distinctive knowledge of Indigenous and local communities. Supporting the integration of community experiences, values and knowledge in scientific assessments, management and decision-making on ocean conservation and the blue economy can lead to better protection of their rights, cultures and livelihoods while leading to more effective environmental protection at different levels. At national level, governments are benefiting from access to new integrated scientific evidence base, methods and technologies to underpin integrated ocean assessment and management. In marine protected area work and in marine spatial planning, more participatory approaches have been devised by new collaborations between natural scientists, social scientists and communities. Hub research has also produced evidence that was used to challenge governments when their decision-making processes did not align with national and international human rights standards. Finally, our research contributed to the co-development of international guidance by various UN bodies to clarify States' obligations to protect the marine environment, fight climate change and protect the human rights of communities, women and children.
Sectors Communities and Social Services/Policy

Creative Economy

Environment

Government

Democracy and Justice

Culture

Heritage

Museums and Collections
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/
 
Description The One Ocean Hub aimed to improve the lives and livelihoods of Indigenous and traditional communities that are dependent on a healthy ocean, with particular attention to women and youth in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa, and to share learning and methods in the South Pacific and the Caribbean. The Hub empowered and built capacity within, and learning from, the people who rely on the oceans, and who are disproportionately impacted by the failure to protect it. It is at the local and international levels that the Hub has had the greatest impact. In South Africa, the art-based and human rights-based approaches co-developed with Indigenous and local knowledge-holders, particularly by the Empatheatre collective and the Coastal Justice Network, but also those developed in Algoa Bay for the specific purposes of marine spatial planning have been integrated with research on marine biodiversity science, and have had impacts on policy, administrative and justice practice in South Africa. Findings from the Coastal Justice Network have also been shared with small-scale fishers at national scale and are being used at local level to challenge blue economy activities that impact on the human rights of small-scale fishers and marginalised coastal communities. In addition, research on gender and the ocean, as well as the use of art-based methods have also produced income-generation opportunities for local communities. The fisheries and social sciences research on small-scale and recreational fisheries have also had impacts on national regulation. We have analyzed these impacts in a series of case studies: - Empatheatre research-based theatre play Lalela uLwandle powerfully conveys the multiple threats to ocean health and human rights violations arising from the exclusion of small- scale fishers and Indigenous peoples from ocean-related decision- making processes, which led to judicial decisions in 2022-2023 to halt environmentally, socially and culturally damaging offshore oil exploration practices: https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf - Empatheatre research-based theatre play Umkohosi Wenala provides an innovative public-debate space for inter-generational and gender-transformative dialogue on environmental and human rights concerns around marine protected areas: https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Umkhosi_Wenala_12.10.23.pdf - Hub fisheries research contributed to the imposition of a ban on environmentally unsustainable and socially disruptive drone-assisted fisheries: https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Sounding-the-alarm-on-the-use-of-drones-for-recreational-fishing-in-South-Africa_12.10.23.pdf - Research with women in small-scale fishing communities provides opportunities for supplementary livelihoods and reveals exploitative practices in seaweed harvesting: https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Eastern-Cape_12.10.23.pdf Research findings integrating fisheries, legal and social sciences, as well as art-based approaches on the knowledge and culture of small-scale fishers, in Ghana were shared with national fisheries and environmental authorities, enforcement officers, the judiciary and the national human rights ombudsman to protect the human rights of small-scale fishers, women and children, in ensuring more sustainable fisheries. The initial impacts of this research in Ghana in paving the way for the recognition of the human rights and knowledge of small-scale fishers and their integration in decision-making have been documented at https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf and https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf In Namibia, Hub research findings were fed into the development of the first policy on small-scale fisheries, through our partnership with the UN Food and Agriculture Organization. In 2024, we worked with the National Theatre of Namibia to support the consideration of human rights into the decision-making on blue economy initiatives with historical and current impacts on indigenous communities. We have documented and analysed the impacts in terms of capacity building, recognition and leadership of the Topnaar Indigenous community in developing an evidence base on their continued connections and human rights related to the ocean have been analysed at https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf Our DEEP Fund art projects in different countries in Africa and the Pacific have surfaced the priorities of Indigenous and local communities that are generally underrepresented in conventional approaches to marine science, management and governance; and strengthened the capacity and provided income-generating opportunities for community-based artists. Changes in attitude have been observed in Port Vila, Vanuatu, where has been an increase in appropriate litter disposal; and indigenous knowledge-based education materials were introduced in primary schools in Erromango, with the Vanuatu's Ocean Commissioner considering replicating the project in other islands. In South Africa, the art work enriched a proposal to the National Minister to start a dedicated process to ensure that Durban small-scale fishers are included under the Small-Scale Fisheries Policy. The global relevance of this area of research has been discussed in international forums such the UN Climate COP26-28, and World Ocean Weeks 2022-2023. Internationally, our findings were integrated in guidance to States by the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, UN Working Group on Business and Human Rights, UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, and UN Special Rapporteurs on Cultural Rights and on the Environment. We submitted findings to three international tribunals who have been tasked to clarify States' obligations to address climate change in 2024. We have analysed the international policy impact of our research on children's human rights and a healthy ocean on the development of the 2023 UN General Comment on Children's Human Right and a Healthy Environment, as well as the impact on the practices of child rights advocates and climate justice advocates, at https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Protecting-childrens-rights-at-the-ocean-climate-nexus_12.10.23.pdf and https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story-5-Children_informing-important-UN-Guidance_07.11.23-1458.pdf On the whole, the One Ocean Hub, over a period of 5 years of co-development and implementation with a variety of international partners (including numerous UN agencies) established itself internationally as the most ambitious and advanced inter- and trans-disciplinary ocean research endeavour (findings, methodologies, partnerships for impact), with numerous examples of international and national impact to ensure equitable and integrated decisions on the ocean. This is demonstrated by the invitation from the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO to the Hub to become an Implementing Partner of the UN Decade for Ocean Science and lead on a programme on transdisciplinarity. In addition, the One Ocean Hub has been recognised as one of the most innovative prototypes globally of "fair research for sustainable development" programme, which has led to the development of a set of transformative governance practices that reveal unrecognized and untapped synergies between research and governance, that can be adapted and embedded into different institutional frameworks at different scales to tackle intractable problems (eg: global governance of digital data on genetic sequences) across a wide range of areas of the 2030 Agenda beyond ocean-related themes. This is demonstrated by the requests for the Hub to contribute transferable findings and approaches in the context of the WHO pandemics treaty negotiations. Finally, the One Ocean Hub has been further recognised globally for its thought-leading research on environment and human rights that are relevant and transferable across different areas of the 2030 Agenda. This has been demonstrated by the impacts of Hub research on biodiversity more broadly (rather than only limited to marine biodiversity) and human rights in the context of the development of the 2023 UN General Comment on Children's Human Right and a Healthy Environment, with a Focus on Climate Change, and the UN Development Programme's guidance on business responsibility to respect the human right to a healthy environment.
First Year Of Impact 2023
Sector Agriculture, Food and Drink,Communities and Social Services/Policy,Creative Economy,Education,Environment,Leisure Activities, including Sports, Recreation and Tourism,Government, Democracy and Justice,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections
Impact Types Cultural

Societal

Economic

Policy & public services
 
Description 4th Capacity-building Hub Summary Report
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health
Impact The inclusion of the Empatheatre (Lalela Ulwandle) in the UNFCCC report document has spotlighted the role of transdiciplinary approach and arts-based participatory methods in building capacity for climate adaptation and mitigation. The Empatheatre team has received invitation by the UNFCCC Capacity Building Hub to perform at the next Climate Conference (COP28) in Dubai.
URL https://unfccc.int/documents/626647
 
Description A Regional Marine Spatial Planning Strategy for the Western Indian Ocean
Geographic Reach Africa 
Policy Influence Type Membership of a guideline committee
URL https://nairobiconvention.org/clearinghouse/sites/default/files/05_Lombard%20et%20al_WIO%20MSP%20Str...
 
Description A regional Marine Spatial Planning strategy for the Western Indian Ocean
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health
 
Description A/HRC/56/46: Scene-setting report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights in the context of climate change, Elisa Morgera*
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
URL https://docs.un.org/en/A/HRC/56/46
 
Description Advising on global biodiversity framework
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
Impact The advice provided by Dr Lynne Shannon has been published by the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Secretariat as an official information document to support inter-governmental negotiations at the UN Biodiversity Conference to be held in Kunming, China, later in 2022. The advice has been covered by international press, including Guardian, Le Monde, Macau Business, Globe and Mail, as well as on Nature. It focuses on transformative change through a variety of inter-linked goals, with action being coordinated at every scale. Dr Shannon was quoted explaining that "there is no one-to-one linkage from any action target to a specific milestone or goal; instead, 'many-to-many' relationships exist among them. We need to recognize, therefore, the complex relationships among targets, milestones and goals and undertake our planning and actions in an integrated manner." Dr Shannon is co-chair of Future Earth's bioDISCOVERY programme, one of the two renowned international science bodies leading the Expert group initiative. Her biodiversity work is conducted under the auspices of the One Ocean Hub, which provides the ideal framework for bridging the science-policy gap to realize uptake of scientific research by global (and national) policy/decision-makers.
URL https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/16b6/e126/9d46160048cfcf74cadcf46d/wg2020-03-inf-11-en.pdf
 
Description Aliwal Shoal case study changes access for fishers
Geographic Reach Local/Municipal/Regional 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to new or improved professional practice
Impact The Costal Justice Network supported the Fisherfolk Forum with crafting an agenda in which small-scale fishers' representatives were able to voice their concerns and ask questions about the evidence base The first meeting took place in June 2021 and was facilitated by Hub researcher Dr Kira Erwin (Durban University of Technology, South Africa) at the request of the Forum and was attended by other Hub researchers such as Dr Kerry Sink (South African national Biodiversity Institute, South Africa) to assist with explanations based on marine sciences. At the end of the meeting, the Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE) South Africa and Ezimvelo, governmental organisation responsible for maintaining wildlife conservation areas and biodiversity in KwaZulu-Natal Province, committed to create a working committee with the Forum representatives and Hub researchers to address issues of exclusion and food security in the MPA. This process has changed access for fishers. The amended boundary was gazetted by the Government of South Africa in September 2023.
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researc...
 
Description Assessing the feasibility and modalities of setting up a new EU-Africa Task Force for policy cooperation and dialogue on international ocean governance.
Geographic Reach Europe 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
Impact The European Commission published their final report 'Feasibility Study on establishing an EU-Africa Task Force for policy cooperation and dialogue on International Ocean Governance' in January 2022. The purpose of the study is to further the EU's cooperation with Africa in a joint ocean governance agenda. The One Ocean Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was interviewed as part of the development of this report by the European Commission, DG MARE (Maritime Affairs and Fisheries), in September 2020. The report published reflected Hub's contribution to the report on: - The need for the inclusion of marine and social scientists, together with lawyers and economists, in the proposed task force. The report explicitly noted the need for the Task Force to engage expertise in 'international law, including expertise on the UN Convention on the Law of the sea and other ocean-related international instruments, value chain expertise for maritime products and social sciences' as part of the partnership (European Commission, 2022: 44). -For the task force to focus on science that can strengthen the science-policy interface for international ocean governance. Science-policy interface had been named as key strength of the Task force (European Commission 2022: 43). Given the emphasis on the science-policy interface, the report also outlined that stakeholder balance will be taken into consideration in the development of Task Force. At a minimum, the Task Force would include policy experts (e.g. European Commission services, African Union Agencies), academic and technical experts and civil society (e.g. non-governmental organisations, representatives of local communities, and private sector) (European Commission, 2022: 57). -The connectivity across various ocean challenges and land-based activities. The report mentioned land-ocean linkages as a possible thematic theme for the proposed work streams for the Task Force (European Commission, 2022: 119-120). It also underscored the need for mutually supportive collaborative framework across policy, science and market, and utilising governance tools such as Marine Spatial Planning (European Commission, 2022: 101). -The inter-dependency of ocean health and human rights, with a view to integrating relevant considerations in joint initiatives or coordination in international negotiations on the ocean, human rights and the environment. The European Commission report acknowledges that 'promoting rules-based good governance at sea and tackling safety and security issues will also help to achieve other priorities of the EU, including enhance human rights, freedom and democracy, create a level playing field for business and improve working conditions worldwide' (European Commission, 2022: 21). -The need for the task force to be "inclusive" in terms of connecting directly with local-level stakeholders and rights-holders in a meaningful way. The report adopted 'inclusiveness' as one of the key principles for the Task Force to operate under. The term inclusiveness in the report is understood as 'the engagement of a broad variety of relevant stakeholders, and a partnership of equals between the EU and Africa' (European Commission, 2022: 88). -Ensuring complementarity and value added of any new proposed EU-Africa initiatives with ongoing and planned initiatives on ocean governance in Africa. The point about value added is incorporated in the report as key principle guiding the operation of the Task Force. To quote the report, 'Added value: The Task Force should add value to existing cooperation initiatives and mechanisms and be complementary to them rather than overlapping with them' (European Commission, 2022: 55). See the full report here: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/13da3881-7cc6-11ec-8c40-01aa75ed71a1/language-en
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/contributing-to-the-eu-africa-joint-ocean-governance-agenda/
 
Description Biodiversity as a Human Right and its implications for the EU's External Action
Geographic Reach Europe 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
URL https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=EXPO_STU(2020)603491
 
Description Blue Pacific Ocean Report' of the Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
URL https://opocbluepacific.net/publications/#blue-pacific-ocean-report
 
Description Co-development of a programme of collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme on marine litter
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
Impact Professor Elisa Morgera involvement in the co-development of initiatives on marine plastics with United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has led to the award of multiple consultancies by UNEP in 2021 to develop: 1) develop an e-learning course on Sustainable Development Goal 14 (life below water) and international law; 2) a legal toolkit and e-learning course on marine litter and ocean plastics; and 3) awareness-raising materials on environmental justice, human rights and ocean plastics (90.000 USD, March-November 2021). In 2022 as a result of this partnership UNEP has also 1) invited the One Ocean Hub to participate in Global Partnership on Marine Litter Action Track 5 and Digital Platform phase 3 release: Environmental Justice, Digital Transformation and Accessibility that will take place on 17 February 2022 and 2) further committed to provide 90,000 USD to the Hub to support the development of awareness raising materials on ocean plastics, including for production of a short video.
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-unep-on-sdg-14-marine-litter-and-environmental-justice/
 
Description Collaborating with UNDP on SDG 14-16 synergies
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
Impact The study provides a great opportunity to deepen both the United Nations and Hub's own reflection on Sustainable Development Goal synergies from an ocean research and governance perspective and its various streams of research on human rights as an essential pre-condition for justice and strong institutions.
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/collaborating-with-undp-on-sdg-14-16-synergies/
 
Description Concept Note Submission to the United Nations Environment Programme Nairobi Convention Western Indian Ocean Regional Science to Policy Meeting
Geographic Reach Africa 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
URL https://nairobiconvention.org/clearinghouse/sites/default/files/WIO%20MSP%20Policy%20Brief_6%20Oct20...
 
Description Concept Note: Children's Rights at COP28
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to new or improved professional practice
 
Description Contributing to the UN Ocean Conference's "A call to all the voices of the ocean"
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/contributing-to-the-un-ocean-conferences-a-call-to-all-the-voices-of-the-oce...
 
Description Convention on Biological Diversity Thematic Workshop on Marine and Coastal Biodiversity for the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Membership of a guideline committee
Impact OOH Deputy Director, Dr Daniela Diz (Strathclyde), was invited to contribute to the Convention on Biological Diversity Thematic Workshop on Marine and Coastal Biodiversity for the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework in Montreal, Canada.
 
Description Course on Multilateral Environmental Agreements
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
 
Description DFFE launch new process to include SSFs
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
 
Description Drone fishing ban (South Africa)
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
Impact The South African Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment released a public notice warning recreational anglers that the use of drones and other electronic devices is deemed illegal under the South African Marine Living Resources Act (MLRA 1998)
URL https://www.dffe.gov.za/sites/default/files/legislations/publicnotices/25february2022motorisedequipm...
 
Description Expanding Support for Small-Scale Fishers as "Ocean Defenders"
Geographic Reach Africa 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to new or improved professional practice
Impact Through actions such as the Empatheatre plays, CJN members are working more broadly to facilitate transformative public dialogues about social injustices and rights violations in the coastal and ocean space. Hub researchers provided input to the 2021 and 2022 Winter/Summer School on Human Rights and the Environment, organised by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Global Network for Human Rights and the Environment (GNHRE) Members of the Hub South African team have continued to work with GNHRE and UNEP, co-organising a March 2023 workshop "on defenders for defenders" to share lessons learnt across regions and thematic areas from freshwater to ocean to land. For more information read the impact story: RESEARCH AND ACTION ACROSS SCALES: Expanding Support for Small-Scale Fishers as "Ocean Defenders" available here: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Impact-story-3b_Scales-RESEARCH-AND-ACTION-ACROSS-SCALES-Expanding-Support-for-Small-Scale-Fishers-as-Ocean-Defenders-19.02.24.pdf
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/imapct-story-research-and-action-across-scales/
 
Description Explicit reference to Hub evidence in the UN Secretary General's report on the right to food and climate change
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
URL https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/thematic-reports/ahrc5347-adverse-impact-climate-change-full-real...
 
Description Hub Director Elisa Morgera was invited to contribute to the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) annual Course on Multilateral Environmental Agreement (MEA) Negotiations (Helsinki, 27 May - 6 June 2024), organised by the University of Eastern Finland (UEF).
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/contributing-to-unep-course-for-multilateral-environmental-negotiators/
 
Description Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, contributed to to the call for inputs on "Extractive Sector, Just Transition and Human Rights" issued by the UN Working Group on business and human rights.
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/including-blue-economies-into-the-un-call-for-inputs-on-extractives-and-huma...
 
Description Hub evidence integrated in the UN Special Rapporteur's report on the Human Right to Science
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
Impact The report made recommendations, that are particularly important also for the UN Decade for Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-evidence-integrated-in-the-un-special-rapporteurs-report-on-the-human-ri...
 
Description Hub evidence quotes in the report of the UN Special Report on cultural rights on the right to science
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
URL https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/A-HRC-55-44-AEV.docx
 
Description Hub evidence relied upon by the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Cultural Rights
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health
Impact In her 2022 report, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Cultural Rights, Alexandra Xanthaki sought to: addresses the role of culture in sustainable development, with a view to assessing how cultural diversity and cultural rights have been mainstreamed in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development so far; taking stock of the experiences in leveraging cultural resources and cultural rights in the pursuit of a more sustainable development, as well as the weaknesses encountered in doing so; and highlighting areas where increased cultural awareness may contribute to reaching the Sustainable Development Goals during the second half of the implementation timeline of the 2030 Agenda. The report also states at the outset the premise (para 1) that: "Cultural rights are indispensable to sustainable development. Development will only be sustainable if it is shaped by the values of the people that it involves and the meaning that they ascribe to it, protects their resources and uses their heritage in all its dimensions - tangible, living and natural. A human rights approach with a strong consideration for cultural rights is both a framework for and a guarantee of success for any development agenda." The Rapporteur also underscored that cultural rights and cultural diversity are essential to ensure that development is sustainable and gives a voice to marginalised people affected by development processes (para 5). She also emphasised that respect for cultural rights is part and parcel of "leaving no-one behind", recalling that (paras 9-10): "Cultural rights protect the right of each person individually, in community with others and collectively, to develop and express their humanity, their world views and the meanings they give to their existence and their development, including through, inter alia, values, beliefs, convictions, languages, knowledge and the arts, institutions and ways of life. Cultural rights also protect the cultural heritage of the individual and groups and the resources that enable such identification and development processes." Evidence from the One Ocean Hub was then cited by the Rapporteur in stating that "sustainable development cannot be separated from the recognition of individual and collective cultural rights, including spiritual and heritage rights" (para 20), although the prevailing development practices are lacking consideration of cultural rights, different values and worldviews, due to inequalities and stereotypes that prevent transformative change and are based on colonial legacies that have shaped dominant conceptions of development imposing a paradigm of "progress" that is not compatible with affected communities' understandings (para 21 and 25-26). She thus called for decolonising and democratising sustainable development, including by unearthing and acknowledging historical injustices committed in the name of progress and in violation of the cultural rights of local populations (paras 25-25).
URL https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N22/461/66/PDF/N2246166.pdf?OpenElement
 
Description Hub research included in UN Special Rapporteur's report on right to food, fisheries and climate change
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
Impact Report makes reference to the following Hub outputs: Hub evidence submitted by Hub researcher Jackie Sunde and the KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum (South Africa) https://oceandefendersproject.org/case-study/no-to-seismic-surveys/ https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ Switzer, S. et al. 2022. Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. RECIEL Special Issue: Ocean, sustainable development and human rights31(3): 360-373 Hub researchers are developing an inter-disciplinary paper on civic oversight over the consideration of ecosystem services and human rights in various international (global and regional) ocean fora. The paper is led by Hub early-career researcher Holly Niner (Plymouth University, UK). The Hub is also going to publish a new series of policy briefs on the human rights dimensions of the BBNJ Agreement (building on those prepared for the final phases of the BBNJ negotiations
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-research-included-in-un-special-rapporteurs-report-on-right-to-food-fish...
 
Description Hub researcher, Prof Lynne Shannon (University of Cape Town, South Africa) spotlighted the Hub as a key example of ocean research initiative at European Marine Board workshop
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
Impact Dr Lynne Shannon's talk on the Ocean and Biodiversity spotlighted the One Ocean Hub as a key example of an ocean research initiative that builds connections between disciplines in achieving global biodiversity targets (see also here: https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-emerging-researchers-reflect-on-transdisciplinarity-in-transformative-ocean-governance-research/, here: https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take/ and here: https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take-part-ii/). This is by virtue of One Ocean Hub's transdisciplinary approach to knowledge co-production for sustainable ocean action. The European Marine Board later convened an expert group to write a foresight document on the marine science needed in the next 5 years - the "Navigating the Future Series," which is expected to be published in 2024.
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/navigating-the-future/
 
Description Hub researchers contributed to the UN Decade course on co-design
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
Impact ELISA TO HELP UPDATE
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-researchers-contributed-to-the-un-decade-course-on-co-design/
 
Description Hub submitted written evidence to the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights on "The impacts of loss and damage from the adverse effects of climate change on human rights
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/accounting-for-the-impacts-of-loss-and-damage-from-the-adverse-effects-of-cl...
 
Description Hub's contributions to the new pandemic treaty
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
URL https://healthpolicy-watch.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/DRAFT_INB_Bureau-text_22-May.pdf?utm_sour...
 
Description Including the ocean in international guidance on children's right to a healthy environment
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/including-the-ocean-in-international-guidance-on-childrens-right-to-a-health...
 
Description Influencing practice of practitioners in the field of children rights
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to new or improved professional practice
Impact As part of the Working Group on Children's Rights and the Environment, the Hub has contributed to integrate in a vast global network of child rights and climate justice actors consideration of children's human rights and a healthy ocean. In addition, the Hub has been asked to take the lead in awareness-raising activities and policy briefs on the relevance of the 2023 UN General Comment 26 for the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the Convention on Biological Diversity, thereby contributing to ensure that advocacy initiatives on children's human rights and climate change are connected also with other environmental threats, notably in relation to the marine environment. Drawing from Hub's research on ocean-biodiversity-climate nexus and our experience in participating at the UNFCCC's Ocean Dialogue, the Hub is assisting the Working Group on Children's Rights and the Environment in strategizing and planning the first UN Children Experts Dialogue that will take place at the UN Bonn Climate Conference in June 2024.
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/un-guidance-on-childrens-human-right-to-a-healthy-environment-calls-for-prot...
 
Description Informal summary report of the Ocean dialogue (SB58 June 2023) includes reference to the Hub
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
URL https://ocean-climate.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/SB58_Synthesis-Report_Ocean-and-Climate_SBSTA-D...
 
Description Input to Special Rapporteur report on the human right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment (A/HRC/58/59)
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/human-rights-and-the-ocean-at-the-un-biodiversity-cop-16-in-cali-colombia/
 
Description Inputs into the UNDP guidance on business due diligence and the environment
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
URL https://www.undp.org/rolhr/consultation-hrddpluse
 
Description Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services - transformative change assessment report
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
URL https://www.ipbes.net/transformative-change
 
Description Joint Submission in Response to the Request for an Advisory Opinion from the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on the Climate Emergency & Human Rights
Geographic Reach South America 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/joint-submission/
 
Description Judicial decisions based on Empatheatre artwork
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to new or improved professional practice
Impact Lalela uLwandle has been relied on as evidence of intangible cultural heritage in three separate court cases in South Africa that were decided in favour of small-scale fishers (https://bit.ly/3BNm1dX), leading to an unprecedented recognition of cultural rights connected to the seabed and the need to protect procedural rights of Indigenous Peoples and small-scale fisheries in the context of licensing offshore oil and gas exploration (https://bit.ly/3IfGNGr). High Court of South Africa (Eastern Cape), https://groundup.org.za/media/uploads/documents/judgment_on_sustaining_wild_coast_v_minister_of_mineral_resources__energy__others.pdf Court judgement for the Shell case: https://cer.org.za/virtual-library/case- watch/challenges-to-shells-seismic- blasting-on-south-africas-wild-coast- december-2021 Court judgement for the Searcher Geodata case https://cer.org.za/virtual- library/judgments/high-courts/ christian-john-adams-others-v- minister-of-mineral-resources- and-energy-others-west-coast-seismic- blasting-part-a-interdict-march-2022
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf
 
Description Lalela Ulwandle - Empatheatre- SOUTH AFRICA
Geographic Reach Local/Municipal/Regional 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
 
Description Law clinics for women in small-scale fishing communities in Ghana
Geographic Reach Local/Municipal/Regional 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to new or improved professional practice
Impact The pop-up clinics allowed to identify recurring legal challenges for women in small-scale fishing communities and to provide immediate legal advice. They also identified follow-up steps for women to exercise their human rights.
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/listening-closely-hub-engagement-in-ghana/
 
Description Letter for urgent clarity on regulations applicable to small-scale fishers in Isimangaliso Wetland Park
Geographic Reach Africa 
Policy Influence Type Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health
 
Description Mapping for justice: Mining maps used to support development applications
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
Impact The dataset and the GIS maps produced have been used as the basis of discussions between the UCT team and small-scale fishers with the South Africa National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) and the group of scientists who are currently developing the biodiversity maps. The biodiversity maps developed by SANBI and the scientists will serve as the basis for the marine spatial planning process in South Africa. The lead scientists involved in this process have indicated the usefulness of the GIS maps co-developed by the UCT team and small-scale fishers in contributing towards the adoption of an interim small-scale fisheries map. Currently, the maps produced from this dataset are used as a placeholder, whilst a more accurate small-scale fisheries map is developed. This is the first time that the small-scale fisheries sector has been represented on a map used by SANBI and South Africa's Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE) for the purposes of marine spatial planning. This pilot has produced notable impacts: The fishers have shared their geo-referenced maps with other small-scale fishers at a regional workshop held on 27 March 2023 held in Velddrif, Western Cape Province The workshop that took place on 28-29 March 2023 was attended by small-scale fishers from Northern Cape and Western Cape Provinces of South Africa (https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/t7gtofvfernq1mfkvdb3eckme3). The fishers from the region, representing more than 10 fishing communities all requested that they also be assisted in developing maps of this nature as they could see this would strengthen their position in negotiations and marine spatial planning processes. The mining maps and supporting information is being used by various government departments to guide their responses to mining applications and other development applications, as well as policy decisions regarding mining in the coastal zone, and policy discussions regarding under what circumstances is a Strategic Environmental Assessment required. The project has also influenced the provincial government to recognise the value and importance of mapping and they have taken a decision to develop their capacity to do this mapping.
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-alo...
 
Description Namibia National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries 2022-2026 (NPOA-SSF)
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
Impact Namibia National Plan of Action on Small-Scale Fisheries was launched in June 2022 and mentioned about the One Ocean Hub in the list of acronyms and referred to video recording of FAO and One Ocean Hub webinar on Namibia's Experience in the Implementation of Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries. The National Plan of Action on Small-Scale Fisheries is developed against the backdrop of the Global FAO Umbrella Programme "enhancing the contribution of small-scale fisheries to food security and sustainable livelihoods" which supports the promotion, application, and subsequent implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the context of food security and poverty alleviation (SSF Guidelines) giving emphasis to empowering vulnerable and marginalised small-scale fisheries actors and their organizations to engage in relevant processes that affect their livelihoods.
URL https://namibia.un.org/en/207292-national-plan-action-small-scale-fisheries-2022-2026-npoa-ssf
 
Description National Ocean Policy of Fiji
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
URL https://www.economy.gov.fj/images/CCIC/uploads/Ocean/NOP_2020_Print01.pdf
 
Description New United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)'s e-learning course on gender and the environment
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
Impact The e-learning course on gender and the environment course explores the extent to which gender equality has been addressed under international environmental agreements, as well as international human rights processes, with regard to: land and terrestrial biodiversity, ocean, climate change, chemicals and freshwaters. It looks, each thematic area, at access to resources, participation in relevant decisions, mainstreaming, and access to support. By promoting gender equality, this course can help deliver better environmental outcomes. It is also served as a valuable training tool for students, practitioners, and policy makers.
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/new-un-e-learning-course-on-gender-and-the-environment/
 
Description OOH Written Evidence Relied on by UN Secretary General Report
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
URL https://www.ohchr.org/en/climate-change/impact-climate-change-right-food
 
Description On going engagement as part of the Children Environmental Rights Initiative (CERI)
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
Impact As part of CERI partnership, the One Ocean Hub has contributed on social media to a 'twitterstorm' calling for the right to a healthy environment to be recognised by the Human Rights Council. The governments of Costa Rica, Maldives, Morocco, Slovenia and Switzerland, or the "Core Group," formally introducef the resolution for the global recognition of the right to a safe, clean, healthy and sustainable environment at the Human Rights Council session on 13 September - 8 October 2021. On 8 October 2021, the United Nations Human Rights Council adopted a resolution recognising the human right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment as an important human right. Following of the signing of MOU with CERI in September 2021 the Hub is co-developing an e-learning course for 13-15 year-old on children's rights to a healthy environment including the ocean and providing contributions to a new process for the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child to develop a General Comment on child rights, environment and climate change, as well as the UN Joint Commitment to promote the right of children, youth and future generations to a healthy environment and their meaningful participation in decision-making at all levels.
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-becomes-official-partner-of-the-childrens-environmental-rights-initiativ...
 
Description One Ocean Hub cited in UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment (UN Doc A/78/168)
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
Impact The One Ocean Hub has been invited to make a presentation on business and human rights in the context of the blue economy to 14th Biennial Conference of the Network of African National Human Rights Institutions (18-20 October, Accra, Ghana) and prepare a chapter on this topic for the Research Handbook on Sustainability and Corporate Accountability, which will be published by Edward Elgar in 2024.
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/better-understanding-the-negative-impacts-of-international-investment-law-fo...
 
Description One Ocean Hub has submitted inputs in response to the Global Online Stakeholder Consultation on Ocean Action Panels for the 2025 UN Ocean Conference
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
Impact The Hub's participatory and arts-based research findings have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food in national laws and policies (SSF Guidelines); •FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022); •The first policy brief co-developed by the Hub, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022; •SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub that is entirely dedicated to supporting the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (published in January 2023); and •Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA) and SSF Summit with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA.
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/recommending-human-rights-based-action-to-conserve-and-sustainably-use-the-o...
 
Description One Ocean Learning Pathway: Participatory Research
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
URL https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/learning-pathways/participatory-research-what-is-it-how-do-we-use-it-a...
 
Description One Ocean Learning Pathway: Thinking with Islands
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
Impact No impact known to date
URL https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/learning-pathways/islands/
 
Description One Ocean Learning Pathways: Blue Humanities
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
URL https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/learning-pathways/blue-humanities/
 
Description One Ocean Learning Pathways: Children's rights and ocean governance
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
URL https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/learning-pathways/childrens-rights-and-ocean-governance/
 
Description One Ocean Learning Pathways: Cultural heritage and ocean governance
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
URL https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/learning-pathways/cultural-heritage-and-ocean-governance/
 
Description One Ocean Learning Pathways: Gender and the ocean
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
URL https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/learning-pathways/gender-and-the-ocean/
 
Description One Ocean Learning Pathways: Human rights of small-scale fishers
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
URL https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/learning-pathways/human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/
 
Description One Ocean Learning Pathways: Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
URL https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/learning-pathways/illegal-unreported-and-unregulated-fishing/
 
Description One Ocean Learning Pathways: Learning from local knowledge, and its role in ocean science
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
URL https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/learning-pathways/learning-from-local-knowledge/
 
Description One Ocean Learning Pathways: Ocean plastics
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
URL https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/learning-pathways/ocean-plastics/
 
Description One Ocean Learning Pathways: Organize a virtual conference: enhance participation easily
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
URL https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/learning-pathways/organize-a-virtual-conference-enhance-participation-...
 
Description One Ocean Learning Pathways: The ocean and climate change
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
URL https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/learning-pathways/the-ocean-and-climate-change/
 
Description One Ocean Learning Pathways: The ocean and climate change
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
URL https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/learning-pathways/the-ocean-and-climate-change/
 
Description One Ocean Learning Pathways: The ocean and human rights
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
URL https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/learning-pathways/ocean-and-human-rights/
 
Description One Ocean Learning Pathways: Transdisciplinarity
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
URL https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/learning-pathways/transdisciplinarity/
 
Description One Ocean Learning Pathways: Understanding the blue economy
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
URL https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/learning-pathways/understanding-the-blue-economy-meanings-implications...
 
Description Policy brief: Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health
Impact This policy brief is one of the concrete evidence of Hub's efforts in bringing together different UN bodies to raise awareness and build alliances for the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. Following the co-development of the policy brief the Hub, FAO, and OHCHR have been working closely in planning a series of events for the closing of celebration of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in March 2023 in Rome, Italy. These include virtual dialogue series on the role of national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms to advance protection of small-scale fishers' human rights on 1-2 February 2023 and a series of hybrid workshops (in-person in Rome and virtual) on fisheries subsidies, capacity building session on small-scale fishers' human rights, arts-based participatory research, as well as Empatheatre performance.
URL https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en
 
Description Reflecting on Women's Rights to a Healthy Ocean, based on the 2023 Report of the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
Impact Although the report does not refer often to women's and girls' human right to a healthy environment in the marine context, there are a few references to fisheries as a context in which particular human rights issues arise for women and girls. In addition, the vast majority of the points and recommendations formulated in the report are relevant for women's and girls' human rights and a healthy ocean, in particular women and girls in small-scale fishing communities.
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-womens-rights-to-a-healthy-ocean-based-on-the-2023-report-of-t...
 
Description Reflecting on women's rights to a healthy ocean, based on the 2023 report of the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health
Impact "Urgent, gender-transformative, rights-based climate and environmental action" is required to achieve gender equality and ecological sustainability- recently said the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment in his thematic report on women's and girls' human right to a healthy environment (A/HRC/52/33). Although the report does not refer often to women's and girls' human right to a healthy environment in the marine context, there are a few references to fisheries as a context in which particular human rights issues arise for women and girls. In addition, the vast majority of the points and recommendations formulated in the report are relevant for women's and girls' human rights and a healthy ocean, in particular women and girls in small-scale fishing communities.
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-womens-rights-to-a-healthy-ocean-based-on-the-2023-report-of-t...
 
Description Regional framework for ecosystem monitoring in the Western Indian Ocean
Geographic Reach Africa 
Policy Influence Type Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health
URL https://www.dropbox.com/s/8vdo0fwmljwq5fe/WIO%20Science%20to%20Policy%20Platform%20Series_FV2.pdf?dl...
 
Description Research and action across scales: Impacting UN Guidance
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to new or improved professional practice
Impact The Hub has been involved in developing freely accessible global capacity-building tools such as: A new FAO e-learning Academy course on SSFs' human rights and the governance of sustainable small scale fisheries A global policy and legal diagnostic tool for sustainable small-scale fisheries. The SSF-LEX, a database of national legislation and policies related to SSFs. UNEP provided additional finance to the Hub to support the development of: A Learning Course on Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 A Learning Course on Marine Litter which focuses in greater depth on one subset of land-based marine pollution. A series of awareness-raising materials on the links between environmental justice and marine litter. A Learning Course on Gender and the Environment. This course analyses legal and policy developments on gender equality across international agreements in the areas of terrestrial biodiversity, freshwater, climate change, chemicals, and the ocean, with specific reflections on the human rights of girls.
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/imapct-story-research-and-action-across-scales/
 
Description SEYCHELLES Ocean's Policy
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health
 
Description Sans frontières - Ocean and Coastal Sustainability of the Western Indian Ocean
Geographic Reach Africa 
Policy Influence Type Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health
 
Description Scientific Advisory Group (SAGE) Sub-committee on Marine Ecology and Risk Mitigation's Advisory on the Use of Deep-Sea Seismic Surveys to Explore for Oil and Gas Deposits in South African Waters
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health
URL https://www.assaf.org.za/files/2022/SAGE/SAGE%20Advisory%20on%20Shell%20Seismic%20Survey.pdf
 
Description Sharing transferable findings for a new World Health Organization (WHO) pandemic treaty
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
Impact The inputs provided by the One Ocean Hub at the workshop informed the development of a progress report to the 76th World Health Assembly in 2023, with the aim to adopt the development of a future international pandemic treaty by 2024.
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/sharing-transferable-findings-for-a-new-who-pandemic-treaty/
 
Description Shifting ways of working in international organisations
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to new or improved professional practice
Impact Read the Impact Story 'Research and Action Across Scales: Shifting ways of working in international organisation' here: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Impact-story-3a-Reasearch-and-Action-Across-Scales-Shifting-Ways-of-Working-in-International-Organisations__15.02.24.pdf For example, our 2021 work with the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) to support international recognition of small-scale fishers (SSFs) as environmental human rights defenders resulted in connections with the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights and the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment. When the Hub then co-developed a programme of work with the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA 2022), we were able to bring this area of work to the attention of those two high-level actors. This led to an address by the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights on World Oceans Day in June 2022, a first for the Commissioner. The Hub, the FAO, and the High Commissioner's Office then developed a joint policy brief - the first ever to be co-sponsored by the FAO and the High Commissioner. Released on International Human Rights Day, 10 December 2022, the brief addresses the need for all the human rights of SSFs to be coherently protected as a way to achieve multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
 
Description Small-scale fishers' human rights
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to new or improved professional practice
Impact Our researchers and partners have emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. In 2022, we organised these events to discuss how we can join forces to advance the recognition of the human rights of the small-scale fishers worldwide. The hub has been involved in numerous workshops, webinars, films and other outputs related to this. Read the Impact Story following the URL to read about all hub contributions and impacts to small-scale fishers' human rights
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fishers-human-rights/
 
Description South Africa Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE) investigating impact of coffer dam mining
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
Impact The South Africa Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE) has begun to investigate the impact of coffer dam mining at the request of the One Ocean Hub and fishers. Although this is in its early stages, it is a significant shift. Since the project started, the researchers have been invited by government departments at local, provincial and national level, as well as various NGOs and other associations, to present the state of knowledge of mining and prospecting on the west coast. This data is now being used by various government departments, committees, and task teams to inform planning and decision-making and has featured in several newspaper articles and consultant reports. By creating and maintaining this comprehensive database, we are working to support transparent and accountable decision-making.
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-alo...
 
Description South Africa Government Marine Spatial Planning Working Group
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
 
Description South Africa Government Scientific Working Group and Task Team
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
 
Description South Africa amending National Environmental Management Act
Geographic Reach Africa 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
 
Description Strengthening the capacity of small islands developing states (SIDS) in ocean governance
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to new or improved professional practice
Impact As of March 2024, a total of 35 capacity-building sessions were co-organized by the Hub with UNDOALOS, having reached 104,187 government officials, representatives of civil society organisations, regional and international organisations, students, academics, and general public on various thematic issues (e.g. gender, climate change, small-scale fisheries) related to fair and inclusive ocean governance, reaching at least 110 UN member countries. For detailed information on partnership with UNDOALOS see collaboration entry "Strengthening capacity in international ocean governance." For detailed information on partnership with UNDP see collaboration entry "Strengthening synergies across Sustainable Development Goals." The 2024 requests to the Hub from UNDOALOS and UNDP demonstrate that the integrated approach to understanding the law of the sea in connection with international environmental law and human rights is seen as an essential approach to be integrated in international capacity-building programmes.
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/sharing-law-and-art-based-research-insights-with-un-nippon-fellows/
 
Description Submission to the United Nations Environment Programme Nairobi Convention: Sans frontières - Ocean and Coastal Sustainability of the Western Indian Ocean
Geographic Reach Africa 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
URL https://www.nairobiconvention.org/clearinghouse/sites/default/files/Provisional%20Agenda_Science%20t...
 
Description Submissions against coastal mining
Geographic Reach Local/Municipal/Regional 
Policy Influence Type Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health
 
Description Submissions on mining prospecting and exploration applications under the auspices of the Blue Economy highlighting the impacts on small-scale fishing communities
Geographic Reach Africa 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
 
Description The Hub's direct contribution to the 2020-20221 Roadmap to Oceans and Climate Action (ROCA) Initiative Report
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Membership of a guideline committee
URL https://rocainitiative.files.wordpress.com/2021/11/roca-progress-report-2020-2021.final_.pdf
 
Description The One Ocean Hub Written Evidence to the UK Parliament International Development Committee: Climate Change and Development
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
URL https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/35570/pdf/
 
Description The UN General Comment on Children's Rights and a Healthy Environment refers to the ocean, following on Hub advice
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
Impact The inclusion of the ocean and biodiversity in the UN General Comment on Children's Human Rights and the Environment has led to raising awareness and change in practices among child rights and climate justice advocates about the need to ensure the protection of children's rights in ocean-related decision making processes, and equally about the need to protect the marine environment as a way to protect children's human rights in climate change-related decision-making processes. In addition, the General Comment will not guide the role of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child in monitoring State conduct on the protection of children's rights in environmental decision-making, as well as the conduct of civil society organizations that provide independent monitoring of State conduct to the UN Committee. While it is too early to provide evidence of changed practice within the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, we have already seen various advocacy materials on climate justice and children's human rights that integrate the ocean as a result of the awareness raised and advice provided by the Hub in the development of the UN General Comment. In addition, children rights advocates have approached the Hub to raise awareness about the UN General Comment among international ocean decision-making bodies.
URL https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/general-comments-and-recommendations/crccgc26-general-comment-no-...
 
Description UK Government Biodiversity and Ecosystems Enquiry
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
URL https://committees.parliament.uk/committee/62/environmental-audit-comm
 
Description UKRI Final Report on Global Challenges Research Fund Evaluation Module: Research Fairness
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health
Impact The Hub approaches on fairness of opportunity, process, and benefits in research have provided guideliness and benchmarks to assess how UKRI funded international collaborative programme is treating partners, stakeholders and communities in the global South fairly, and contributing to the emergence of equitable and sustainable collaborations. The report published by the UKRI is crucial to asess fairness in research in relation to: strategy, vision and decision making; the commissioning process; programme-level partnership with key institutions in the global South; award-level partnerships; and broader stakeholder engagement. It considers the way in which GCRF as a whole interacts with research ecosystems in the global South ('contextual fairness') as a cross-cutting lens. This assessment report could serve as a useful toolkit not only for UKRI but also to other funders to guide their research fairness and equity review.
URL https://www.itad.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/GCRF-Fairness-Stage-1a_Full-report_formatted-version...
 
Description UN Committee on the Rights of the Child consultation for the general comment on children's rights and the environment with a special focus on climate change
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
URL https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/2rmqn43m0nul1aohvd4ttr65eh
 
Description UN Food and Agriculture Organisation: Guide on Legislating for Small Scale Fisheries
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
URL http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb0885en
 
Description UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment report on investor-State dispute settlement for climate and environment action and human rights cited Hub evidence
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
URL https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/thematic-reports/a78168-paying-polluters-catastrophic-consequence...
 
Description UN Special Rapporteur on Right to Development calls for including children in ocean governance and considering impacts of deep-seabed mining on future generations
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/un-special-rapporteur-on-right-to-development-calls-for-including-children-i...
 
Description UNEP consulation on Environmental Defenders
Geographic Reach Africa 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to new or Improved professional practice
Impact The meeting brought together experts from across the world with the purpose of discussing and sharing practices such as defense activities, livelihood projects as well as prevention of and protection against attacks. They aimed to identify gaps in existing UN guidance with a view to putting forward practical recommendations to relevant bodies and mechanisms of the UN. The outcomes will inform a compilation of good practices and recommendations, that will be made available through a report and an online interactive tool, accessible via www.environment-rights.org. The global consultation was attended by the former and current UN Special Rapporteurs on Human rights and the Environment, and the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights Defenders, as well as several representatives of UN agencies. UNEP has included the Hub policy recommendations on "ocean defenders" in forthcoming UN Guidance on the Protection of Environmental Human Rights Defenders, addressed to UN Resident Coordinators (who can mobilise at country level financial, legal and logistic resources to protect defenders).
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/one-ocean-hub-highlights-role-and-needs-of-small-scale-fishers-at-un-consult...
 
Description Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture
Geographic Reach Africa 
Policy Influence Type Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health
Impact The University of Namibia team is working to shape policy and law that will acknowledge the cultural and human rights of such communities. At the same time, Mr. Kasper and his team are working to create spaces of intergenerational learning where cultural memories can resurface and connections be rediscovered between their community and the ocean. As their stories travel, they may resonate with other Namibians, leading to yet more rediscoveries and connections.
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/working-with-the-topnaar-to-protect-human-rights-and-revive-ocean-culture/
 
Description Workshop 2: International Sharing of Pathogens, Genetic Sequence Data (GSD), and Benefits: What are the options? 25 November 2022
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
Impact Hub contributions and future participation in the workshop series will contribute to the development of the new pandemic treaty that is led by the World Health Organization (WHO).
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/sharing-transferable-findings-for-a-new-who-pandemic-treaty/
 
Description Written submission Amicus Brief on the Mu¨llner vs Austria (Application no. 18859/21) European Court of Human Rights, Fourth Section
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
URL https://lnkd.in/erintXcA
 
Description (MISSION ATLANTIC) - Towards the Sustainable Development of the Atlantic Ocean: Mapping and Assessing the present and future status of Atlantic marine ecosystems under the influence of climate change and exploitation
Amount € 11,564,093 (EUR)
Funding ID 862428 
Organisation European Commission 
Sector Public
Country Belgium
Start 08/2020 
End 08/2025
 
Description A Natural Capital Approach to Celtic Seas Pelagic Fisheries
Amount £30,000 (GBP)
Organisation Department For Environment, Food And Rural Affairs (DEFRA) 
Department Marine Management Organisation (MMO)
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 01/2023 
End 12/2023
 
Description Amagagasi -Tides - Mbazwana Public Storytelling Project
Amount R125,000 (ZAR)
Organisation National Arts Council of South Africa 
Sector Public
Country South Africa
Start 02/2022 
End 02/2023
 
Description Aquaculture potential over seabed within the Crown Estate jurisdiction
Amount £50,000 (GBP)
Organisation Crown Estate 
Sector Private
Country United Kingdom
Start 01/2023 
End 12/2023
 
Description Canada-CARICOM Faculty Leadership Program
Amount $3,200 (CAD)
Organisation Government of Canada 
Sector Public
Country Canada
Start 01/2023 
End 02/2023
 
Description Capacity Building of African Young Scientists in Precision Agriculture Through Cross-Regional Academic Mobility for Enhanced Climate-Smart Agri-Food System. Benin, Eswatini, France, Ghana, Morocco and Rwanda
Amount € 1,796,820 (EUR)
Funding ID NDICI-2023-MOBAF 
Organisation European Commission 
Sector Public
Country Belgium
Start 01/2024 
End 12/2028
 
Description Community of Practice (CoP): Marine Spatial Plan for Algoa Bay; Phase II Algoa Bay, South Africa
Amount R7,000,000 (ZAR)
Organisation South African National Research Foundation (NRF) 
Sector Public
Country South Africa
Start 09/2020 
End 09/2022
 
Description Community of Practice in "Western Indian Ocean: Assessing the applicability of the ocean-accounts framework (OAF)"
Amount R7,000,000 (ZAR)
Funding ID UID: 125455 
Organisation South African National Research Foundation (NRF) 
Sector Public
Country South Africa
Start 01/2020 
End 12/2022
 
Description Deep Connections
Amount R1,246,950 (ZAR)
Funding ID ACEP200210502862 - Grant Number: 129216 
Organisation South African National Research Foundation (NRF) 
Sector Public
Country South Africa
Start 01/2021 
End 12/2023
 
Description Deep Ocean Observing Strategy Collective Solution Accelerator
Amount $3,700 (USD)
Organisation University of California, San Diego (UCSD) 
Sector Academic/University
Country United States
Start 09/2023 
End 10/2023
 
Description ECO-ACE Research Grant funded by the National Research Foundation (South Africa) under the Global Change Grand Challenge
Amount R3,636,936 (ZAR)
Organisation South African National Research Foundation (NRF) 
Sector Public
Country South Africa
Start 01/2022 
End 12/2024
 
Description ECOWIND
Amount £400,000 (GBP)
Organisation United Kingdom Research and Innovation 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 07/2022 
End 07/2026
 
Description EU Horizon 2020 Food, Bioeconomy Natural Resources, Agriculture and Environment
Amount £217,973 (GBP)
Funding ID 101083922 
Organisation European Union 
Sector Public
Country European Union (EU)
Start 11/2022 
End 10/2027
 
Description Economic Valuation of Ecosystems (Marine and Inland Aquatic) Goods and Services, Impacts of Climate Change on Fisheries and Aquaculture, Africa
Amount $40,000 (USD)
Organisation African Union Commission 
Sector Public
Country Ethiopia
Start 06/2023 
End 03/2024
 
Description Ecosystem Change, Offshore Wind, Net Gain and Seabirds (ECOWINGS)
Amount £473,159 (GBP)
Funding ID NE/X008983/1 
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 07/2022 
End 08/2026
 
Description Ecosystem-based adaptive capacity through community engagement (Eco-ACE)
Amount R3,600,000 (ZAR)
Organisation South African National Research Foundation (NRF) 
Sector Public
Country South Africa
Start 01/2022 
End 12/2024
 
Description Extension on COVID-Tourism Impact Study
Amount R70,000 (ZAR)
Organisation Nelson Mandela University 
Sector Academic/University
Country South Africa
Start 01/2022 
End 03/2022
 
Description Fellowship
Amount R140,000 (ZAR)
Organisation The David & Elaine Potter Foundation 
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country United Kingdom
Start 01/2021 
End 12/2023
 
Description Food and Agriculture Organization's in-kind match funding for developmemt of e-learning course
Amount $37,450 (USD)
Organisation United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organisation 
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country Italy
Start 03/2021 
End 04/2022
 
Description Ghana Climate University Network: Making knowledge to work for climate adaptation Ghana
Amount € 776,208 (EUR)
Funding ID ERASMUS-EDU-2023-CBHE 
Organisation European Commission 
Sector Public
Country Belgium
Start 01/2024 
End 12/2026
 
Description Global Change Grand Challenge - Belmont Forum
Amount R540,078 (ZAR)
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council 
Department Belmont Forum
Sector Public
Country Global
Start 07/2020 
End 12/2023
 
Description Grant to fund the training of fisheries law enforcement training in Walvis Bay, Namibia
Amount € 10,000 (EUR)
Organisation Konrad Adenauer Foundation 
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country Germany
Start 11/2022 
End 12/2022
 
Description Grant to organise fisheries law enforcement training in Walvis Bay, Namibia
Amount £59,000 (NAD)
Organisation University of Namibia 
Sector Academic/University
Country Namibia
Start 11/2022 
End 12/2022
 
Description Harnessing natural product diversity to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens
Amount £1,900,000 (GBP)
Funding ID MC_PC_MR/T029579/1 
Organisation Medical Research Council (MRC) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 03/2020 
End 03/2023
 
Description Hidden Histories of Environmental Sciences: Acknowledging legacies of race, social injustice and exclusion to inform the future
Amount £125,583 (GBP)
Organisation Arts & Humanities Research Council (AHRC) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 01/2022 
End 04/2023
 
Description High-Seas Alliance/Deep-Ocean Stewardship Initiative Travel Grant for Deep-Sea Scientist
Amount $840 (USD)
Organisation Ocean Foundation 
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country United States
Start 09/2022 
End 10/2022
 
Description ISPF Institutional Support fund
Amount £187,000 (GBP)
Organisation Government of Scotland 
Department Scottish Funding Council
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 12/2023 
End 03/2024
 
Description In-kind contribution to South Africa Deep Emotional Engagement Programme (DEEP) Fund Project: Fishers' Tales
Amount R10,000 (ZAR)
Organisation Durban University of Technology 
Sector Academic/University
Country South Africa
Start 02/2022 
End 03/2024
 
Description Marine Research and Innovation for a Sustainable management of Coasts and Oceans (MARISCO)
Amount $250,000 (USD)
Funding ID https://www.belmontforum.org/projects/marine-research-and-innovation-for-a-sustainable-management-of-coasts-and-oceans/ 
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council 
Department Belmont Forum
Sector Public
Country Global
Start 02/2020 
End 02/2023
 
Description National Arts Council of South Africa Research Grant
Amount R15,000 (ZAR)
Organisation National Arts Council of South Africa 
Sector Public
Country South Africa
Start 02/2022 
End 02/2023
 
Description National Research Foundation Research Grant
Amount R400,000 (ZAR)
Organisation South African National Research Foundation (NRF) 
Sector Public
Country South Africa
Start 01/2020 
End 12/2022
 
Description OCEAN Sustainability Pathways for Achieving Conflict Transformation
Amount R900,000 (ZAR)
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council 
Department Belmont Forum
Sector Public
Country Global
Start 07/2020 
End 08/2023
 
Description Outreach and Engagement Grant - Champions Public Engagement Grant
Amount £300 (GBP)
Organisation Society for Applied Microbiology 
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country United Kingdom
Start 09/2022 
End 01/2023
 
Description Plastic free fishing "What is the social, ecological and economic potential for zero plastic, zero carbon fishing on the Isles of Scilly"
Amount £109,000 (GBP)
Organisation Department For Environment, Food And Rural Affairs (DEFRA) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 01/2023 
End 12/2023
 
Description SANBI's African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme - DEEP CONNECTIONS - The African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme
Amount R200,000 (ZAR)
Organisation South African National Biodiversity Institute 
Sector Public
Country South Africa
Start 11/2021 
End 11/2022
 
Description SAPPHIRE project: Development of regional ecosystem indicators
Amount R1,300,000 (ZAR)
Organisation United Nations (UN) 
Sector Public
Country United States
Start 03/2023 
End 03/2024
 
Description SGSAH/British Council Earth Scholarship
Amount £9,950 (GBP)
Organisation Scottish Graduate School for Arts and Humanities (SGSAH) 
Sector Academic/University
Country United Kingdom
Start 01/2024 
End 12/2024
 
Description Scottish Alliance for Geoscience, Environment & Society (SAGES) Small Grant Scheme - Funding Scheme
Amount £2,368 (GBP)
Organisation Scottish Alliance for Geoscience, Environment and Society (SAGES) 
Sector Academic/University
Country United Kingdom
Start 09/2022 
End 10/2023
 
Description Small fish for food and nutrition security in Africa (SmallFish4Food)
Amount R1,600,000 (ZAR)
Organisation South African National Research Foundation (NRF) 
Sector Public
Country South Africa
Start 01/2024 
End 12/2026
 
Description South African National Research Foundation's Marine Research Call: Towards the Development of Catch-And-Release Zones for Resilient Shore-based Marine Fisheries in South Africa
Amount R2,078,200 (ZAR)
Organisation South African National Research Foundation (NRF) 
Sector Public
Country South Africa
Start 01/2022 
End 12/2024
 
Description Staff Mobility, University of Gdansk
Amount € 3,200 (EUR)
Organisation Erasmus + 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 03/2023 
End 04/2023
 
Description Staff Mobility, University of Gdansk
Amount € 3,200 (EUR)
Organisation Erasmus + 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 03/2024 
End 04/2024
 
Description State of the Sound
Amount £40,000 (GBP)
Organisation Plymouth City Council 
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country United Kingdom
Start 01/2023 
End 12/2023
 
Description Strathclyde Economic and Social Research Council Impact Acceleration Account: Perceived Risks and Vulnerability Assessment of Climate Change Impacts to Small-Scale Fishers
Amount £9,993 (GBP)
Organisation Economic and Social Research Council 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 06/2024 
End 01/2025
 
Description Stronger Shores - Flood and Coastal Resilience Programme
Amount £6,000,000 (GBP)
Organisation Environment Agency 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 02/2023 
End 12/2027
 
Description TRIATLAS (EU-H2020)
Amount R6,900,000 (ZAR)
Funding ID 817578 
Organisation European Union 
Sector Public
Country European Union (EU)
Start 07/2019 
End 07/2023
 
Description The African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme (ACEP) Deep Connections Project
Amount R1,550,000 (ZAR)
Funding ID 129216 
Organisation South African National Research Foundation (NRF) 
Sector Public
Country South Africa
Start 01/2021 
End 12/2023
 
Description United Nations Environment Programme - Capacity Building
Amount $95,375 (USD)
Organisation United Nations (UN) 
Department United Nations Environment Programme
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country Kenya
Start 04/2021 
End 11/2021
 
Description Vulnerability Assessments for Small Island Developing States
Amount R900,000 (ZAR)
Organisation Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) 
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country Italy
Start 02/2022 
End 11/2022
 
Description Western Indian Ocean Marine Spatial Planning Strategy
Amount $31,500 (USD)
Organisation United Nations (UN) 
Department United Nations Environment Programme
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country Kenya
Start 09/2020 
End 08/2021
 
Description World Ocean Assessment Second Round Regional Workshop
Amount $2,500 (USD)
Organisation UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea 
Sector Private
Country United States
Start 05/2023 
End 06/2023
 
Description World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Research Grant
Amount $43,500 (USD)
Organisation World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF UK) 
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country United Kingdom
Start 03/2022 
End 03/2023
 
Title A blueprint for integrating scientific approaches and international communities to assess basin-wide ocean ecosystem status 
Description The blueprint was developed by Hub researchers, Prof Murray Roberts (University of Edinburgh, UK) and Prof Andrew Sweetman (Heriot-Watt, UK) in collaboration with other external researchers from organisations such as Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel and Christian-Albrechts-University, Germany and European Marine Observation and Data network (EMODnet) Secretariat, Belgium. The Blueprint is founded on whole-ocean observations implemented by (1) an autonomous floating sensor fleet with funding and participation by an international consortium (ARGO floats), (2) coordinated transatlantic oceanographic monitoring arrays, and (3) innovative cost-effective technologies and ocean models to expand the spatio-temporal scales of observations and so provide the physical oceanographic framework for ecosystem studies. To overcome disparities in research and equipment capacity, detailed research co-design between North and South Atlantic must include shared access to offshore vessels, data, training, and supporting infrastructure. It must include effective capacity building and wider engagement, and be completed in parallel with science planning. Barriers created by limitations in funding structure, travel restrictions, or more recently, pandemic-related regulations mean this remains challenging. The Blueprint advances six priorities that target fundamental gaps in our understanding of basin and regional-scale oceanography (Priority 1) and ecosystem resilience (distribution, connectivity, responses to climate change and multiple stressors; Priorities 2-4). It allows us both to deliver an integrated assessment of ecosystem status and dynamics and to understand resilience to global change in the deep and open Atlantic Ocean. These four research priorities must be grounded in close collaboration, capacity development and meaningful engagement with key stakeholders (Priority 6) to inform management priorities, aggregate, standardise and disseminate research data and products through regional and global platforms (Priority 5) and by embedding work at the science-policy interface throughout (Priority 6). 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact This Blueprint results from Hub research on deep-sea ecosystems and other collaborative research programmes that focus on the Atlantic Ocean (e.g. iAtlantic). It directly supports the UN Ocean Decade of Science for Sustainable Development Goal to facilitate capacity development and technology transfer solutions toward a more equitable world. Ocean ecosystems are at the forefront of the climate and biodiversity crises, yet we lack a unified approach to assess their state and inform sustainable policies. This blueprint is designed around research capabilities and cross-sectoral partnerships. It highlights priorities including integrating basin-scale observation, modelling and genomic approaches to understand Atlantic oceanography and ecosystem connectivity; improving ecosystem mapping; identifying potential tipping points in deep and open ocean ecosystems; understanding compound impacts of multiple stressors including warming, acidification and deoxygenation; enhancing spatial and temporal management and protection. These goals are best achieved through partnerships with policy-makers and community stakeholders, and promoting research groups from the South Atlantic through investment and engagement. Given the high costs of such research (€800k to €1.7M per expedition and €30-40M for a basin-scale programme), international cooperation and funding are integral to supporting science-led policies to conserve ocean ecosystems that transcend jurisdictional borders. 
URL https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00645-w
 
Title A new counter-hegemonic mapping tool and instrument 
Description In South Africa a growing network of small-scale fisher leaders, environmental justice organisations and researchers from the One Ocean Hub, called the Coastal Justice Network (CJN), has been responding collaboratively since 2020 to a range of injustices - social, environmental, economic - experienced by coastal communities and environments. We have worked collaboratively to respond to the expected negative impacts of proposed offshore oil and gas expansion, lack of participation and other human rights issues around the creation and planning of marine protected areas, policy and management failures towards small-scale fisheries, water crises in coastal communities, COVID lockdown-related limitations to public participation, and others. One significant area of work, with noteworthy recent impact, is the development of a new counter-hegemonic mapping tool and instrument aimed at linking up, mobilising capacity, and facilitating popular education processes for small-scale fisher leaders, traditional leaders, coastal youth and other coastal citizens who have been negatively affected by the expansion of the network of Marine Protected Areas (MPA). The historical and contemporary human rights issues related to MPA expansion include, but are not limited to, communities being forcibly displaced from coastal ancestral land, experiencing heavy restrictions to their access and livelihood practices along the coastline in disregard of their sustainable customary practices, exclusion from MPA planning, zonation and other decision making, and culturally inappropriate and ineffective participatory processes on these issues. The development of the new counter hegemonic mapping tool and instrument is expanding through the CJN based on a collaborative project between the One Ocean Hub and the Deep Connections project at Mbazwana in Kwa Zulu Natal. The counter-hegemonic mapping tool is developed by CJN closely with small-scale fishers' communities to: 1. Map their concerns; 2. Support efforts for small-scale fishers and other leaders to participate in online consultations around the country; 3. Document their capacity mobilization needs, and; 4. Continue ethnographic research (oral histories, interviews, focus groups, archival analysis) with small-scale fishers and other coastal groups. The CJN used novel creative methods in participatory research (Empatheatre, Public Storytelling, Counter-hegemonic mapping, transgressive learning, popular education) to translate the MPA draft management plan into isiXhosa (the local language), deciphering the complex language and research page by page with the leaders. CJN also used an 'embodied mapping' constellation process in which leaders paced out the draft maps and zonation of the MPA across the hall, using their bodies as reference points for land-marks and noticeable boundaries of the MPA. In 2022 the CJN used Counter Hegemonic Mapping and Empatheatre methodology ("Umkhosi Wenala" play) to create a new process of working that was co-developed by 13 young activities and 8 elders , who brought stories over a period of 200 years and iterated the resulting timeline over 18 months near Isimangaliso MPA (see: https://oneoceanhub.org/fairer-and-more-inclusive-marine-protected-areas-through-restorative-public-storytelling/). The CJN then also created relational maps of these, which were then through "call and response" methods added to a theatre production and living map of these stories and concerns. The play and maps were performed to communities and traditional authorities with feedback and further iteration. See this link for more detail: https://vimeo.com/791847743/b95e473231. The Counter Hegemonic Mapping using Empatheatre methdology has been captured in the "Umkhosi Wenala" script and manuscript, but not yet published. Hub researcher, Dr Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, South Africa) and early-career researcher, Jen Whittingham (University of Cape Town) wrote a joint publication on this mapping method, which has shifted the ways in which traditional authorities can reflect on their decision-making systems around MPAs and other coastal decisions, and which allows the voices of women and youth to be heard despite embedded power, age and gender dynamics within these communities. The manuscript was submitted to Frontiers in Marine Science: Marine Affairs and Policy's special issue on Social Science Perspectives on Marine Biodiversity Governance. The title of the manuscript is; "Mapping for Connection, a life beyond mapping for control: Lessons from 'mapping-as-performance' with Empatheatre, in South Africa." 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2021 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Through the use of counter-hegemonic mapping process, a new tool was developed by the CJN that contributed significantly to the inclusion of small-scale fishers in the Amathole MPA consultation in 2021 and can be used or adapted by anyone. The counter-hegemonic mapping tool offered more nuanced and detailed understanding of the implications of the draft management plan for the MPA, enabled the small-scale fisher leaders to document their questions and concerns, and align their concerns to the specific page number of the management plan in preparation for the meeting to discuss the Amathole MPA with South Africa Department of Forestry Fisheries and Environment (DFFE) on 10 June 2021. On the day of the meeting, the three nominated small-scale fishers' cooperative leaders expressed their concerns and questioned aspects of the management plan. Although the atmosphere/agenda/tone of day was still very much in the control of government leaders, the meeting was held mainly in isiXhosa and our team were able to facilitate an interactive participatory mapping and public storytelling process. This allowed for rich, nuanced, place-based accountability to the impact of the management plan, and for dynamic dialogue - and associated tensions, to be expressed with generative engagement on both sides. This can be considered a watershed moment in MPA consultation, where past inequalities and exclusions from ocean-related decision making, could be discussed in communities' own language and on the basis of understandable maps and documentation. As a result, the authorities at the meeting expressed a commitment to include small-scale fisher cooperatives in the decision-making forum for the Amathole MPA moving forward. The insights and oral histories from the new dataset were also shared internationally, at the closing events of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, which the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation co-organised with the Hub on 27-31 March 2023 in Rome, Italy (469 people); a series of four side-events for the UN World Oceans Day 2023, which were co-organised with Peace Boat and Blue Planet Alliance on 7-9 June 2024 at the UN Plaza (111 people), New York and the official UN World Oceans Day celebration at the UN Headquarters in New York on 7 June 2023 (350 in-person attendees and 102,000 online attendees) with policy makers and practitioners involved in sustainable fisheries and marine conservation reaching a total of 102,572 people from 21 countries. The Hub will share insights from this dataset at the Small-Scale Fisheries Summit in July 2024 in Rome and at the Hub-led satellite event titled 'Presenting Transdisciplinary Toolbox for transformative Ocean Governance' for the UN Decade for Ocean Science Conference in April 2024 in Barcelona, Spain. The Hub-led satellite event will consist of a roundtable covering Knowledge Integration work, a live performance of an excerpt from the Umkosi Wenala theatre play, and a dialogue forum lead by Hub Director Prof Elisa Morgera and Dr Emma Mckinley from Cardiff's Marine Social Science Network. The engagement at the international level is expected to further co-develop the Hub research and policy contributions on how to make marine protection more inclusive, just and support multi-species flourishing (human and more-than-human alike). Hub researchers Dylan McGarry and Elisa Morgera have been invited to write a chapter on these international-level findings in 2024 for a book titled 'Ways of World Knowing: Local Knowledge of Coastal Communities for a Just Ocean Governance' to be published by Oxford University Press. 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researc...
 
Title A standardised ecosystem services framework for the deep sea 
Description Despite its remoteness, human activity has impacted the deep sea and changes to the structure and function of deep-sea ecosystems are already noticeable. In terrestrial and shallow water marine environments, demonstrating how ecosystems support human well-being has been instrumental in setting policy and management objectives for sustainable resource use. Foundational to this approach is a framework of ecosystem service (ES) classification and a synthesis of the knowledge base, which can then be used to structure decision-support tools such as ecosystem accounts or Environmental Impact Assessments. At present, no such framework exists for the deep sea. This ecosystem services framework is combined with already published frameworks (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, Common International Classification of Ecosystem Service and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) and integrates deep-sea ecological knowledge that has been neglected. This can support the integration of considerations related to the need to conserve deep-sea ecosystems and the potential implications for human well-being of the potential loss or degradation of the services/benefits provided by these ecosystems in decision-making at the national and international levels. An article on the Ecosystem Services Framework led by Hub early-career researcher, Giulia La Bianca (University of Plymouth, UK) and co-authored by other Hub researchers including Sian Rees, Kirsty A. McQuaid, Holly J. Niner, Kerry L. Howell (University of Plymouth UK) and Kerry J. Sink (South Africa National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa) & Amanda T. Lombard (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) was published in 2023 in Frontiers in Marine Science (https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1176230). Hub researchers also collaborated in co-producing science-legal inter-disciplinary journal articles on the ocean-climate nexus for a Hub-led special issue of The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law in 2023 (The articles are available at: https://brill.com/view/journals/estu/38/3/article-p411_2.xml?language=en; and https://brill.com/view/journals/estu/38/3/article-p447_3.xml?language=en). Giulia La Bianca has used this method to predict the distribution of deep-sea ecosystems and then translated their distributions to ecosystem services maps at fine scale resolution (200 x 200 m). The ecosystem services maps are not published yet. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact This framework has significant implications for deep-sea management, conservation and policy, as it provides an ecosystem services-based tool that can be used in any deep-sea ecosystems management across the planet, and it also shows how critical these data gaps are for today's decisions and how seriously they should be considered in decision-making processes. The framework and the ecosystem services maps generated from this will provide significant inputs on how to manage and monitor biodiversity for deep-sea ecosystems. The development of this framework has also contributed to the success of Hub's deep-sea research endorsement by the International Oceanographic Commission of the UNESCO as a Decade Action. In June 2022, the Hub's deep-sea research ("One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4") was endorsed as an official Decade Action under the UN Ocean Science Decade's Challenger 150 programme. This is a collaboration between the University of Strathclyde, the University of Plymouth, the University of Namibia, SANBI and NMU. Under the Challenger 150 Programme, Hub researchers have supported deep-sea capacity development efforts through the establishment of a UN Decade African Network of Deep-water Researchers. To date, the Network comprises over 250 members from 27 African nations, representing over 140 institutions. 76% of members are self-identified Early Career Researchers (<10 years professional experience, following the global UN ECOP Programme). For detailed information, read also collaboration and partnership entry titled "MARINE HABITAT MAPPING IN THE SOUTH-EAST ATLANTIC"). Hub researchers at the University of Plymouth will present findings, experience and practices of the Hub deep-sea research at the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona, Spain in April 2024 as part of a satellite event titled "Deepening the Decade" to be held at the Banquet Hall of the Conference, Barcelona, Spain in April 2024 in collaboration with Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI) (see also a separate collaboration and partnership entry titled "Contributing to the UN Decade for Ocean Science"). The legal and governance relevance of these methods has also been reflected in integrated in the Hub's written submissions to three international tribunals that have been asked to clarify States' obligations on climate change in 2023-2024: the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea; the International Court of Justice; and the Inter-American Court for Human Rights. For more information read the following publications: Lancaster, AM. (2024). "Contributing to the Inter-American Court on Human Rights in Clarifying State Obligations at the Ocean-Climate Nexus." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/contributing-to-the-inter-american-court-on-human-rights-in-clarifying-state-obligations-at-the-ocean-climate-nexus/. Morgera E, Lennan M, Lancaster AMSN, Longo A, Ntona M and Webster E. (2024). "Legal Note: The request for an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the obligations of States in respect of climate change." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/legal-note-the-request-for-an-advisory-opinion-from-the-international-court-of-justice-on-the-obligations-of-states-inrespect-of-climate-change/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Contributing to the International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea's opinion on State obligations at the ocean-climate nexus. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/contributing-to-the-international-tribunal-on-the-law-of-the-seas-opinion-on-state-obligations-at-the-ocean-climate-nexus/ For detailed information please see collaboration and partnership entry titled "Influencing international courts on the ocean-climate nexus." 
URL https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1176230
 
Title Arts-based participatory methods 
Description Hub early-career researchers based at Nelson Mandela University in South Africa, Dr Nina Rivers and Mia Strands, have piloted the use of arts-based participatory approaches to (1) document knowledge, stories, and lived experience of Indigenous peoples and local communities and (2) identify culturally significant areas in marine and coastal environment. They have then adapted arts-based participatory methods (see: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CTzCTnQNoD4&t=3122s) to suit the South African context by contextualising these methods in the form of storytelling and photography that researchers co-developed with indigenous and local community members of Algoa Bay as co-researchers. Using arts-based participatory research, the Hub team of researchers in South Africa has also been looking at ways to identify culturally significant areas along the coastline. The objectives of identifying culturally significant areas are to: build understanding of current research on coastal and marine socio-cultural values in South Africa; evaluate synergies between research initiatives and potential for collaboration; and develop a framework for identifying, mapping and assessing marine socio-cultural values in South Africa and work towards a potential collaborative peer-reviewed paper. One of the art-based approaches that Dr Rivers and Strands piloted in their research is the use of photovoice. It is arts-based participatory research methodology where co-researchers (research participants) are the authors of their own work and use photos and voice recordings to document their cultural connections with the ocean and coast. As part of the methods to map culturally significant areas in Algoa Bay, Dr Nina Rivers and Mia Strand have asked co-researchers, including local Xhoi and San communities that they work with, to mark places on a map of Algoa Bay and its coastline that are culturally significant to them. Out of this ,they identified different categories of culturally significant areas. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2021 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The development of arts-based participatory methods has led to the collaboration between Hub researchers based at Nelson Mandela University and the South Africa National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). SANBI had been working towards a national framework for identifying and mapping Culturally Significant Areas (CSAs) in the marine and coastal environment of South Africa. Hub researchers based at Nelson Mandela University developed methodologies to identify and map CSAs in the marine and coastal environment of Algoa Bay to support the development of South Africa national framework for mapping CSAs. The co-researchers, that include Indigenous Peoples and local community members, enjoyed it and the overall product (a multi-media photo exhibition: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0) was something different for not only policy makers and coastal managers to engage with, but also for civil society and coastal users in Algoa Bay. The co-researchers and coastal managers contributed to the development of a policy brief and an academic paper: Rivers, N., Strand, M., Fernandes, M., Metuge, D., Lemahieu, A., Nonyane, C.L., Benkenstein, A. and Snow, B. (2023). "Pathways to integrate Indigenous and local knowledge in ocean governance processes: Lessons from the Algoa Bay Project, South Africa." Frontiers in Marine Science, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.1084674. As the research outputs have been published, Dr Nina Rivers and Mia Strand have been able to reach a broader audience. The arts-based participatory methods piloted by Dr Rivers and Strand are assisting the local Xhoi and San community to declare a culturally significant area (ancient fish traps) as a national heritage site in the Algoa Bay. Mia Strand has also contributed to Hub-wide reflections on the role of these art-based approaches for the protection of the human rights of Indigenous peoples, small-scale fishers and children, and is collaborating in a number of inter-disciplinary research papers. For more information see the recording of the Ocean Frontiers Institute Webinar: People and the Ocean (https://www.ofi.ca/event/social-science-and-humanities-seminar-series-webinar-7, attended by 51-100 people), blogpost "How art can support the advancement of human rights and the ocean" (https://oneoceanhub.org/how-art-can-support-the-advancement-of-human-rights-and-the-ocean/), and blogpost "Sharing learnings on the role of arts in transdisciplinary ocean research" (https://oneoceanhub.org/sharing-learnings-on-the-role-of-arts-in-transdisciplinary-ocean-research/). Insights from the methods had been shared at the UN Climate COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion event titled "Indigenous Peoples, Traditional Knowledge, and Ocean-Climate Action" led by the One Ocean Hub early career researchers Mia Strand and Dr David Wilson, University of Strathclyde, UK on 10 November 2022 (attended by 77 people). The event recording is available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGLY0jwzllU&t=1432s. In 2024, the One Ocean Hub will share knowledge about the methods at the Hub-led satellite event 'Presenting Transdisciplinary Toolbox for transformative Ocean Governance' for the UN Ocean Science Decade Conference in Barcelona, Spain (April 2024). 
URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsust.2022.100
 
Title Collaborative anthropological research 
Description This method is developed by Hub early-career researcher, Dr Elsemi Olwage (University of Namibia, Namibia) to explore ways of co-producing ethnographic and oral history research and knowledge together with youth members of the Topnaar community. The method involved trying to capacitate members of the Topnaar youth to conduct research in their own communities through firstly, interviews and documentation (photos and short video clips). This was done in a series of two workshops, discussing interview techniques and questions, data management, and documentation. Secondly, the method includes a series of semi-structured interviews and discussions together with the youth. The plan was to conduct co-research activities with the youth to shape practice-based learning. Unfortunately, due to the project being on hold for two months and having been initially delayed for six months, this only happened once. Current challenges are processing the research materials on a grass-roots level in a context shaped by marginalisation (access to laptops, internet, and also capacity is lacking). There is a need for a lot of support. Collaborative anthropological research is time-intensive. It requires building long-term relationships, trust and rapport within a community. In the Hub, we managed to lay the foundation for the method to still be further developed in the future, including through ongoing engagements, such as the current applied theatre project. More time is also required to further process the research materials into outputs that can benefit the community in the long-term. This includes for example, not only scientific publications, but also possibly heritage tourism, or a local social learning centre. These should be considered legacy work. For more information please see collaboration and partnership entry titled "Supporting the implementation of a sustainable blue economy in Namibia." The Topnaar people were the first inhabitants documented as settling in Walvis Bay along the central Namib coast. For several centuries, their cultural livelihoods depended heavily on ocean resources. During colonial rule they were forcibly displaced from their coastal dwelling places, with their access to coastal marine resources and fishing grounds restricted. They were forcibly displaced from their coastal dwelling places, with their access to coastal marine resources and fishing grounds restricted through legal and historical processes of exclusion during colonial rule. They continue to be excluded from decision-making on the ocean in contemporary Namibia. The community now primarily resides in 14 farm settlements along the lower valley of the !Khuiseb river and in coastal urban centres. For the past three years, the Hub has been working with the Topnaar community. Our work has focused on facilitating connections - connections outside of the community, so they can be recognised as stakeholders and right-holders in ocean governance processes; as well as connections within, so that the Topnaar's own cultural memories and knowledge practices can be revived. Despite their historical cultural and economic connections to the ocean, the Topnaar had only limited involvement in consultations on the blue economy prior to the Hub's support. This method is developed as part of Dr Olwage's research and engagement in a new project "Hurinin: Sea People of the Namibian Coast," led by Glenn Kasper, a Junior Councillor in the Topnaar Traditional Council. The Hurinin project will collect Topnaar elders' living memories of their people's intangible cultural heritage and connections to the ocean. Songs and dances specifically related to fishing and the ocean were once an integral part of Topnaar culture. Before fishing, they would recite a poem to the ocean and only then start to fish. After fishing, they would celebrate through dancing. Story collection and traditional dances worked hand in hand. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact This method informs the research conducted by the Hub's team at the University of Namibia to shape policy and law that will acknowledge the cultural and human rights of the Topnaar people. Hub researchers at the University of Namibia are finalising a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Office of the Ombudsman, that raises people's concerns relating to violations of human rights and protection of the environment. Once the MOU is in effect, UNAM research will be used to inform the Ombudsman's work. This method creates spaces of intergenerational learning where cultural memories can resurface and connections be rediscovered between their community and the ocean. As their stories travel, they may resonate with other Namibians, leading to yet more rediscoveries and connections. A short film 'Hurinin, People of the Sea' that tells how the marginalised Topnaar people in Namibia seek recognition for their ocean-related heritage, knowledge and rights has been produced and published in December 2023. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A&t=2s). The film shows how the One Ocean Hub has fostered connections between the Topnaar community and national and international actors to ensure more inclusive decision-making on the ocean. The film also depicts how songs, poems and dances specifically related to fishing and the ocean were once an integral part of Topnaar culture and how these cultural expressions of their former ocean-based way of life survive in the memory of very few Topnaar elders. The One Ocean Hub has supported an arts-based research project led by Mr. Glenn Kasper, a Junior Councillor in the Topnaar Traditional Council, collecting Topnaar elders' living memories of their people's intangible cultural heritage and connections to the ocean. The film wasscreened at the UN Climate COP28's Ocean Climate Spotlights Talk at the Ocean Decade & OceanX Pavilion: an ocean solutions partnership! on 10 December 2023 (attended by 12 people). This novel method will be shared at the UN Ocean Science Decade Conference in April 2024 in Barcelona, Spain, which will bring together decision-makers, civil society, the private sector, and different UN bodies. Insights and findings from the methods will be shared at the One Ocean Hub-led satellite event 'Presenting Transdisciplinary Toolbox for transformative Ocean Governance' In 2024, the Hub has nominated Glenn Kasper, the Chairperson of the Topnaar Youth Council Traditional Authorities and Thalia Animas, the Head of Culture in the Topnaar Youth Committee, as keynote speakers for the UN World Oceans Day official celebration at the UN Headquarters in New York on 7 June 2024. Insights from the use of this method will be shared at the event if Kasper and Animas are selected by the UN World Oceans Day 20224 organizers. 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/working-with-the-topnaar-to-protect-human-rights-and-revive-ocean-culture/
 
Title Collaborative scoring and data collection database for coastal fisheries monitoring 
Description The One Ocean Hub's research team at Rhodes University Ichthyology Department (South Africa) entered a partnership with the South African Shore Angling Association to co-develop a competitive angling scoring and data collection database for monitoring fish populations. The team at present has a ten-year database for the monitoring of the relative abundance and distribution of importance shore-based fishery species. The database is in the final stages of development, but the team has also been given access to the South African Shore Angling Association's competitive angling records from the 1970s. The team is about to submit a paper on the utility of competitive angler databases for fisheries monitoring. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2024 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact The One Ocean Hub's research team at Rhodes University Ichthyology Department has simplified competition scoring for recreational anglers and developed a database for monitoring fish populations, allowing for the collation of essential information for fisheries managers. Careful management and monitoring of recreational fisheries is essential to sustain fisheries resources and prevent negative ecological impacts caused by overexploitation of fish populations and spread of non-native species. The spatial data from this dataset will be incorporated into marine protected areas planning processes in South Africa. 
 
Title DEEP Fund Community Art-Based Research Methodology 
Description This is an innovative research methodology that occupies the space between direct commissioning of an artwork from a community group or artistic collective and ethnographic observation of indigenous art practice. The DEEP Fund methodology is a collaborative working model that moves towards decolonising research funding. Decision making, from inception, to production, to outcomes, is led by grantees in Indigenous and local communities in collaboration with the research team. Counter to conventional commissioning processes, the DEEP Fund adopts a process whereby: a) only general thematic direction is given to participants, allowing maximal artistic freedom and giving space for local priorities to emerge; and b) the project focus is on documenting the production process and the meaning making in addition to the final outcome. Support in development is given to participants unfamiliar with standard application processes and a two-stage selection process allows projects to be worked up collaboratively developed between researchers and participants. A key aspect of the methodology is the rigorous assignment of ownership and copyright of the final product(s) to the originating artist(s) (again counter to conventional commissioning processes), with the researchers retaining a non-exclusive right to share outcomes for agreed purposes. This greatly enhances the value of the research outcomes in terms of capacity building and creative economies. Funding is awarded in two tranches, an initial 80% to allow communities/artists with no access to alternative funds or reserves to undertake the work immediately without expenditure/invoicing after completion - which is simply not possible for many of the groups with whom the DEEP Fund wish to work. A second tranche of 20% is paid on delivery of agreed outcomes (which may or may not be the final physical outcome of the project). Monthly reporting - which is intended to be manageable for projects rather than document/bureaucracy-heavy is used to ensure that the artwork development process is being captured in audio-visual formats. Research outputs from DEEP Fund projects are co-written with participants and detail both the project development process, project impact/outcomes and research outcomes. The DEEP Fund methodology also includes a potential third tranche of funding for impact activities identified throughout the project's development or as a consequence of the projects potential impact activities. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The DEEP Fund method has so far funded 10 community-led art/research projects. Each project has had multiple local impacts, e.g. in terms of capacity building, creative economies, as well as evidencing the value of Indigenous knowledge for understanding climate change and the impact of industrial fishing practices on local communities. A digital version of an exhibition of DEEP Fund works (held in Glasgow, in April 2023, https://www.gsa.ac.uk/life/gsa-events/events/u/undercurrents-art-and-ocean-in-africa-and-the-pacific/) was launched on World Ocean Day 2023 and remains available on the One Ocean Hub website (https://oneoceanhub.org/undercurrents/) and the Hub-UNITAR One Ocean Learn knowledge-translation platform. Various examples from DEEP Fund art works were also shared by Prof Stuart Jeffrey (Glasgow School of Art, UK) at the UN Climate COP26 roundtable discussion featuring leading academics on "The Ocean and Climate Justice: Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation" for the Scottish Government Climate Ambition Zone event on 5 November 2021 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2145wf54XI, attended by 34 people). The Pacific story and method were shared (chaired by the Vanuatu Minister for Climate Change, Ralph Regenvanu) at the UN Climate COP27 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQ-VvDVt5xM, attended by 16 people). In 2024, insights from the Hub's DEEP Fund Community Art-Based Research Methodology will be shared at the Hub-led side-event titled 'Presenting Transdisciplinary Toolbox for transformative Ocean Governance' for the UN Ocean Science Decade Conference (April 2024, Barcelona, Spain); and a presentation by Prof Stuart Jeffrey, Dr Lisa McDonald (Glasgow School of Art, UK) ) and Prof Elisa Morgera (University of Strathclyde) titled "Undercurrents: community art, indigenous cultural heritage and ocean governance" will be delivered at the World Biodiversity Forum in Davos, Switzerland, that will take place on 16-21 June 2024. The impacts from the DEEP Fund projects, as shared by the project leaders, will be reflected upon in a book titled Undercurrents: Art and ocean in Africa and the Pacific to be published by Sidestone Press. The book is scheduled for an autumn publication (September/October 2024). The artists and local community members are the co-authors of the book. For more information see also the Association of Critical Heritage Studies (2022): Session "Tensions in Intangible Indigenous Cultural Heritage Practices and Knowledge" https://www.achs2022santiago.com/ McDonald, L. 2021. 'Artfully Sustaining the Sea.' One Ocean Hub blog post. https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/deep-fund/
 
Title Future Scenarios Planning with Ghana - A pilot study using the Three Horizons Approach 
Description Hub early-career researcher Dr Nina Rivers (University of Strathclyde, UK) has led the development of a new method titled "Future Scenarios Planning with Ghana - A pilot study using the Three Horizons Approach" to co-develop future scenarios with the Ghana team in 2023. Dr Rivers' methods include transdisciplinary pilot process of co-developing transformative future visions for Ghana's ocean, coast and coastal communities. To help vision setting, three cross-cutting themes or threats in Ghana were identified: climate vulnerability, plastics pollution, and resource overuse. More threats exist but these three threats are selected because they overlap within a social-ecological framing of Hub's research in Ghana and speak to all of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development Challenges. The aim of this method is to co-develop transformative future scenarios along with pathways to impact climate change, plastics pollution, and resource overuse that support more inclusive and integrated marine and coastal governance approaches. Dr Rivers uses the Three Horizons Approach, an accessible way to work across disciplines and with stakeholders. It provides a simple framework of three lines representing a system or pattern in the way things are done in the present (1st horizon), the future (3rd horizon) and pathways to get there (2nd horizon). The approach provides a simple way to work with complexity and much interest exists in how this approach has been applied in ocean governance in Ghana. The co-development process of this method was carried out in four months. This involved the co-organisation of three virtual workshops and one in-person workshop in Ghana involving Hub researchers based in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. A policy brief will be written out of this work in 2024. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact This novel method will be shared at the UN Ocean Science Decade Conference in April 2024 in Barcelona, Spain, which will bring together decision-makers, civil society, private sector, and different UN bodies. Insights and findings from the methods will be shared at the One Ocean Hub-led satellite event 'Presenting Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance' and through a poster presentation by Dr Nina Rivers entitled 'Weaving it all together: Inter and transdisciplinary co-design of ocean science for a sustainable and equitable future - a case study from Ghana' for the Barcelona Conference. In addition, the new methods have shaped the Hub's research and engagement as the Decade Implementing Partner focusing on transdisciplinarity since the Hub's formal endorsement by the Decade Secretariat in October 2023. 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/our-endorsement-as-implementing-partner-of-the-un-ocean-decade/
 
Title GCRF One Ocean Hub closing conference 
Description The week-long workshop set out to celebrate the Hub's five-year journey, making space to reflect on what we set out to achieve at the beginning of the Hub and what was learned along the way, as well as looking forward to what comes next. In the months leading up to the closing conference, a co-design team was formed to craft and develop the conference agenda. The co-design team comprised members of the Hub's support team and researchers, including early career researchers, and employed a co-design process that generated a diverse array of ideas informing and shaping sessions at the conference. These activities were designed to harness individual and collective narratives and stories from Hub researchers and partners about their journeys and experiences in participating in the Hub, and to help gather further evidence of the impacts emanating from the work of the Hub and the research therein. There was a strong emphasis on fostering an open environment for rich and constructive dialogue throughout the closing conference. The initial days of the conference were dedicated to allowing Hub researchers to reconnect with one another through collective mapping of the history of the Hub, i.e., where we started, what we set out to do, what changed over the years and what opportunities and challenges emerged, building successive layers outwards from those who were there from the beginning, and those who joined along the way. Hub researchers also explored key findings that emerged from Hub research, including the achievements, outcomes, and impacts that emerged from it. Wednesday saw the group expand with the arrival of Hub partners and collaborators, with the day spent in celebration and recognition of the Hub's innovative research methodologies and impacts, with visits to a recently launched exhibition on ocean conservation in Cape Town, and an afternoon showcase at Bertha House where Hub researchers and partners presented a broad array of outputs and impacts ranging from arts- and theatre -based work, to scientific posters, documentaries, images, and live demonstrations of augmented reality and innovative fishing net weaving techniques. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2024 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The opportunity to come together in-person at the closing conference provided a much-needed platform to take stock of how far the Hub has come since the early days of establishing the network, and to prepare for a future iteration of the Hub. What was apparent was not only that the Hub became much more than the sum of its parts, but also a sense that we have participated in and contributed to the beginnings of a new era for transdisciplinary ocean research. There was a significant shift in the ambience within the conference throughout these final days, as discussions transcended from broader Hub impact stories to individuals sharing reflections on how the Hub impacted them personally, which subsequently led into discussions exploring new and emerging research agendas and pathways for future research and legacy. More information regarding the co-design method is available in the closing report captured under publications 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/more-than-the-sum-of-its-parts-a-brief-reflection-on-the-one-ocean-hub-closi...
 
Title Global online interest assessment using google trends to determine the extent of technological creep in recreational fisheries globally 
Description Due to reports from concerned members of the recreational fishing community and from social media threads we decided to investigate the potential effects and size of marine recreational drone fishing in South Africa. Due to the limit knowledge and active monitoring of marine recreational fisheries in South Africa we had to come up with new techniques to estimate both the extent of the issue in South Africa and globally. While there was considerable evidence from social media groups that the practice was widespread globally and in South Africa it was hard to quantify easily. We therefore turned to Google Trends (https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=%22drone%20fishing%22) to evaluate standardised interest into the topic globally. While Google Trends has been used for research purposes, to our knowledge this is first time that it has been used to detect, monitor and quantify interest into rapidly evolving fishing techniques. Luckily the techniques are easily reproducible and therefore it would be possible to revaluate interest into topic if management and policy changes to counter the effects of this new fishery are implemented. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2021 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact This new method provides the ability to identify global trends remotely using openly available free data sources online. These methods were successfully used and published in the following paper: Winkler, A.C., Butler, E.C., Attwood, C.G., Mann, B.Q. and Potts, W.M., 2022. The emergence of marine recreational drone fishing: Regional trends and emerging concerns. Ambio, 51(3), pp.638-651.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01578-y 
URL https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13280-021-01578-y
 
Title Habitat-services matrix and ecosystem services maps 
Description The development of habitat-services matrix and ecosystem services maps are derived from the research conducted by Hub early-career researcher Giulia La Bianca (University of Plymouth, UK). Through her research, Giulia La Bianca developed a dataset that contains the most up-to-date evidence on the contribution of deep-sea benthic habitats to ecosystem services (nature's benefits to humans). This is provided as a habitat-service matrix. Drawing from the habitat-service matrix, she also produced ecosystem services maps for deep-sea habitats in the Northeast Atlantic and transferred them to novel geographical regions in the South Atlantic, within Ascension, St Helena, and Tristan marine protected areas. This is the first time that any ecosystem services maps have been produced for the South Atlantic and it is applicable to other geographical regions. Neither of these outputs have been made available to others. It is expected that this research will be published in a peer-review journal in 2025. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact These outputs have strong potential in the application of marine spatial planning and also of nature conservation management plans. Insights from Habitat-services matrix and ecosystem services maps will also be shared by the Hub research team at the University of Plymouth at the UN Ocean Science Decade Conference in Barcelona, Spain in April 2024 as part of a satellite event titled "Deepening the Decade" to be held at the Banquet Hall of the Conference, Barcelona, Spain in April 2024 in collaboration with Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI). 
 
Title Intuitive Interspecies Communication (IIC) to facilitate conservation management 
Description The Hub's research team at the University of Cape Town, South Africa, under the leadership of Dr Lynne Shannon is investigating the use of Intuitive Interspecies Communication as a means of capturing alternative knowledge sources to facilitate conservation management where easing human-animal species interactions are central to successful conservation initiatives that include all species. The research conducted by Dr Shannon and her team has just started. Therefore, the results are not yet published. The methods have been published by Barrett et al. in 2021 (https://researchers.usask.ca/mj-barrett/documents/speaking-with-other-animals.pdf), but the novelty of Dr Shannon team's approach it to explore the use of Intuitive Interspecies Communication in the ocean space. The team has partnered with Wynyter Worsthorne from AnimalTalk Africa. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2024 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact Dr Lynne Shannon will deliver a presentation on using Intuitive Interspecies Communication to facilitate conservation management at the World Biodiversity Forum in Davos, Switzerland, in June 2024. Anticipated impacts from the method will include achieving a shared existence between human and animals; better understanding of animals' perspectives in ocean conservation; and deepening ways of communicating across species. 
 
Title Justice and small-scale fisheries map 
Description Researchers from the Hub's Coastal Justice Network have created the new online 'justice and small-scale fisheries map' on the Coastal Justice Network website. Derived from the Coastal Justice Network research the map visualised marine protected areas, ocean mining and small scale fisheries in relation to each other. This map has been used in public communication around ocean mining projects and in support of small-scale fishers struggles in South Africa. The map is particularly important in the light of efforts made by civil society organisations (e.g. Coastal Justice Network researchers from Rhodes University and University of Cape Town, the Legal Resources Centre, Natural Justice, Green Connection) to raise public awareness on the negative impact of an exploratory seismic survey on the fishing communities' food and economic security, as well as heritage and identity. Since 2021 until now the Coastal Justice Network and other civil society organisations have assisted small scale fishing communities on the West Coast and the East Coast of South Africa to prevent the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy (DMRE), Searcher Seismic, and Shell from conducting seismic survey that could affected their livelihood and well-being. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2021 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The research driven network and the production of the map has opened discussions between the policy makers and small scale fishers, enabling a more indepth engagement between these stakeholders. The impact of the Coastal Justice Network research, engagement activities, and the map that they have produced have been recognised through publications of two press releases which were then cited in local media articles listed below. 1. 'Another fishing community in limbo as west coast seismic survey loom', 23 January 2022 in The Citizen. Available from https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/courts/2984959/fishing-community-in-limbo-west-coast-seismic-survey/ 2.'Fishers and civic organisations take legal action against West Coast seismic surveying,' 21 January 2022 in Daily Maveric. Available from https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-01-21-fishers-and-civic-organisations-take-legal-action-against-west-coast-seismic-surveying/ 3. 'West Coast community prepares for a court battle over a new seismic survey', 19 January 2022 in Cape Town Etc. Available from https://www.capetownetc.com/news/west-coast-community-prepares-for-a-court-battle-over-a-new-seismic-survey/ These media articles have contributed in raising public awareness about blue economy developments in South Africa. The map together with other Hub's participatory research method such as Lalela Ulwandle (see separate method entry Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions) supported the work of small-scale fishers and civil society in three separate court cases in South Africa (https://bit.ly/3BNm1dX), leading to an unprecedented recognition of cultural rights connected to the seabed and the need to protect procedural rights of Indigenous Peoples and small-scale fisheries in the context of licensing offshore oil and gas exploration (https://bit.ly/3IfGNGr). Insights from the development of this map was shared at a side-event titled "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" on 29 March 2023 for the Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (27 attendees attendees), which the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation co-organised with the Hub in Rome, Italy, with policy makers and practitioners involved in sustainable fisheries and marine conservation.'Justice and small-scale fisheries' map was also shared at "Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa" side-event on 9 June 2023 at the United Nations Plaza, New York for the UN World Oceans Day in New York that the Hub co-organised with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance and the UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (attended by 26 attendees). 
URL https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/mapping/
 
Title Knowledge integration data collection tool 
Description This research tool is a simple yet useful table to collect and capture different knowledge across the Hub from the various work packages such as fisheries, law and gender, culture and heritage, climate vulnerability, and socio-economics to establish what we know, research gaps, what are potential synergies across work packages and countries. From this tool, Hub early-career researcher, Dr Nina Rivers (University of Strathclyde, UK and Nelson Mandela University, UK) ran workshops with Hub researchers in Namibia and Ghana to identify and co-develop high impact themes and legacy themes. This work has not been published yet. Dr Rivers will first be writing about this tool up as a report (expected April 2024) then will draft a paper (later in 2024). The themes captured by the tool are being used to inform the legacy work going forward for the One Ocean Hub and the high-impact themes had informed a Hub's knowledge integration writing workshop in February 2024, in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact Although the tool is not published yet, key findings collated and captured by using this tool will be shared by Dr Nina Rivers and the Hub's team during the One Ocean Hub-led satellite event 'Presenting Transdisciplinary Toolbox for transformative Ocean Governance' and the poster presentation by Dr Nina Rivers entitled 'Weaving it all together: Inter and transdisciplinary co-design of ocean science for a sustainable and equitable future - a case study from Ghana' at the UN Ocean Science Decade Conference in April 2024 in Barcelona. This tool is also among various methods and tools co-developed by the Hub in its capacity as a UN Decade Implementing Partneron 'Transdisciplinary Toolbox for transformative Ocean Governance'. Therefore, the tool will further contribute to the UN Decade's approach for research co-development. 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/our-endorsement-as-implementing-partner-of-the-un-ocean-decade/
 
Title Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions 
Description Lalela uLwandle is a research-based theatre performance and public dialogue developed by a South African collective called Empatheatre, who are part of the One Ocean Hub. From the inception phase of the One Ocean Hub, Lalela uLwandle was initially used to co-design Hub research to co-identify community concerns to guide and inform Hub research and public engagement. Hub researchers conducted 7 months of social science research into the lives of citizens who live along the Kwa-Zulu Natal coast, including groups of small-scale fishers (SSF), traditional healers, civil society and marine science researchers. The data was gathered through oral histories, interviews, focus-group discussions, archival research and collection of mythologies. These findings fed into a scripted play where fictional characters portray diverse hopes and concerns at community level for the ocean. A "call and response" approach for iterative research co-design is inspired by African singing tradition: community representatives collaborate in reviewing various drafts of the play, confirming the accuracy of the research findings and making further suggestions. Such a process allows for ongoing ethical engagement between researchers and community representatives. helps practitioners and decision-makers to "see" which communities depend on the ocean and why, and therefore should have a voice in decisions, and to "hear" more effectively and empathically communities' views, needs, customary norms and knowledge about the ocean (2019). Throughout 2019-2021, Lalela uLwandle was performed across South Africa to support collaborative examination of research findings and data with diverse publics (other communities, researchers, civil society, and decision-makers). Through a 6-town tour, the live performances attracted 747 participants, approximately 56% were women. Media impact (print, online and broadcast) reached an approximate total of 1047164 people, broadening public dialogue around ocean decision making in the Kwa-Zulu Natal (KZN) coastline - an area targeted in blue economy developments and on the intersection of tangible and intangible heritage and economic development. Recurrent themes of discussion were the pressures on the ocean arising from South Africa's blue economy plan 'Operation Phakisa', as well as the national fisheries policy, and exclusion from decision-making. In 2022, Lalela uLwandle (Empatheatre) ran again for a series of key performances in Durban and the Eastern Cape, and for the first time in Cape Town. What was a new method was to perform at national strategic workshops in South Africa that brought together fishers from across the coastline, and civil society actors (including NGOs, researchers and lawyers). Bringing in these performances to a workshop space offered fishers the chance to express their hurt and pain from the apartheid past, and how they feel it is still shaping their present. The audience feedback from the 2022 Lalela ulwandle have been captured and added to the Lalela uLwandle feedback forms dataset. Whilst grounded in South African experiences, the inter-generational stories of the sea performed in Lalela uLwandle resonate strongly with an international audience. The Hub's Empatheatre team was invited to perform Lalela uLwandle at (1) the UN Climate COP27 in November 2022 in Sharm El Sheik, Egypt, (2) the high-level closing event of the International Year of Fisheries and Aquaculture in March 2023 at the headquarters of FAO in Rome, (3) four side-events in NY for UN World Oceans Day on 7-9 June, which were co-organised with Peace Boat and Blue Planet Alliance and (4) the official UN World Oceans Day celebration at the UN Headquarters in New York on 8 June 2023. In 2024, the Hub will share knowledge about these methods at the UN Decade Ocean Conference in Barcelona (April 2024) and Small-Scale Fisheries Summit (July 2024). 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2022 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Lalela uLwandle provided workshop participants a chance to express their emotions and emotional responses to each other's stories. While other workshop activities focused on political awareness and strategies for resistance and engagement, making a space for the recognition of emotions and experiences is equally important for building solidarity between and among groups. The audience were involved in identifying implications of the research in relation to their lived experience after each performance, through a discussion facilitated by researchers - as opposed to usual public debates where both the speaker and the audience are already primed to take a stand for or against a position in a critical debate. The play supports: a) changing practitioners' and decision-makers' understandings of ocean-dependent communities' diverse needs, knowledge and legitimate claims (human rights). This is a significant change compared to current practices, whereby communities are "bundled up" as one uniform group focused on opposing development/conservation. Instead through empathy, practitioners' and decision-makers may come to appreciate the value of communities' experiences and knowledge for contributing to better decisions (contributing to a larger evidence base and fuller understanding of trade-offs at stake); and b) changing practitioners' and decision-makers' processes for public engagement / public consultation into a more imaginative and collaborative space for mutual learning and co-development of solutions. This is a significant change compared to current practices whereby public engagement focuses on pre-determined options presented in a non-accessible way. Even when communities may be invited to the decision-making table, they may not express themselves effectively if they can't do so in their own terns or if the counterpart is not fully aware of the multiple injustices communities have experienced over time and across sectors Lalela uLwandle also performed at the UN Climate COP27 Capacity Building Hub in Sharm el Sheikh, Egypt, on 14 November 2022 which was the first international performance for the play. There was good media coverage of Lalela uLwandle at COP27. • "Cop27 bulletin: Waiting for a sign from Bali," 16 November 2022. Available from https://www.climatechangenews.com/2022/11/16/cop27-bulletin-waiting-for-a-sign-from-bali/ • "Cycle power and gender rights: days eight and nine at Cop27 - in pictures," 15-16 November 2022, available from https://www.theguardian.com/environment/gallery/2022/nov/15/cycle-power-and-gender-rights-days-eight-and-nine-at-cop27-in-pictures • United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC Flickr: https://www.flickr.com/photos/unfccc/52500936723/in/photostream • "One ocean: the power of storytelling at COP27," https://www.newton-gcrf.org/impact/stories-of-change/one-ocean-the-power-of-storytelling-at-cop27/ Building on the success of the performance at COP27, the Hub's Empatheatre team received invitations from FAO to perform at the Closing events of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (2023) in Rome, and to develop a short live performance for the UN celebrations of World Oceans Day (2023) reaching a total of 102,572 people across 21 countries (https://bit.ly/3Mvfafa; https://bit.ly/3O83gcq). Hub researchers Dylan McGarry and Elisa Morgera have been invited to write a chapter on the findings arising from Lalela international performances for a book titled 'Ways of World Knowing: Local Knowledge of Coastal Communities for a Just Ocean Governance' to be published by Oxford University Press in late 2024/2025. Lalela uLwandle has been relied on as evidence of intangible cultural heritage in three separate court cases in South Africa (https://bit.ly/3BNm1dX), leading to an unprecedented recognition of cultural rights connected to the seabed and the need to protect procedural rights of Indigenous Peoples and small-scale fisheries in the context of licensing offshore oil and gas exploration (https://bit.ly/3IfGNGr). The research insights have been analysed in a book chapter by Dr Dylan McGarry 'When ancestors are included in ocean and decision-making' in the 2024 Routledge book titled 'Hydrofeminist Thinking With Oceans Political and Scholarly Possibilities.' In 2024, the Hub will share knowledge and stories about "Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions" at the UN Ocean Science Decade Conference in Barcelona, Spain (April 2024), the World Biodiversity Forum (Davos, Switzerland, June 2024), and Small-Scale Fisheries Summit (Rome, Italy, July 2024). 
URL https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20
 
Title Lexicometric content analysis of Pacific ocean policies 
Description The methodology has been developed by One Ocean Hub researcher, Pierre Mazzega (INSERM, France), the author of the mathematical models, in association with researchers from different disciplines. The approach used to analyse the policies is based on lexicometric content analysis, which measures the frequency of use of words within the studied texts. From these usage frequencies, mathematical and statistical indices can be derived which allow the interlinkages between texts to be interrogated and emergent perspectives to emerge. The specific methods used and described here have been designed and coded specifically for the particular requirements of the analysis rather than using proprietary lexicometric software. The application of the employed lexicometric analyses are novel for ocean policy and for the Pacific, but lexicometric analyses have been widely used in other studies including law and public policy (Boulet et al., 2019). The extraction of the information for the analysis from the corpus of 18 policy texts into a structured hierarchical classification involved the following 6 steps (a set of definitions, a list of themes and further technical detail on steps 2, 5, and 6 are all provided in the Supplementary Material here: https://bit.ly/3uMgAtl): • Step 1: convert documents from .PDF to.txt format and cleaning up the files; • Step 2: extract noun phrases (or "expressions") from the corpus of policy texts; • Step 3: edit and filter the list of all the distinct expressions extracted from the corpus. The list obtained forms the vocabulary of the corpus; • Step 4: identify the main themes of interest for the characterisation and analysis of the content of policies. Partition of all themes into domains; • Step 5: each word of each expression is put in its canonical form, its lemma, and each lemma is assigned to one and only one theme. The hierarchy lemmas < themes < domains form the taxonomy; • Step 6: for each policy, for each theme, counting the number of distinct lemmas assigned to the theme and found in the expressions of the text. The distribution of the number of lemmas by theme constitutes the profile of the policy. Estimation of the similarity between the policies taken by pairs. Step 1 is commonly performed in natural language processing (NLP) of textual corpora but it is not a fully automated process. It includes the homogenisation of texts (UTF08 encoding), the elimination of layout markers and references to figures, etc. For this reason, text tables have been omitted unless they presented useful information in textual form. Step 2 uses algorithms for the automatic extraction of noun phrases. However, this extraction is a relatively complex task which requires in particular the parsing of the text into sentences, then their parsing into tokens (most of them being words), followed by a syntactic analysis making it possible to identify the noun phrases through the grammatical function they occupy in each sentence. In order to ensure a good recall of this step, we use three free- or share-wares as detailed in the Supplementary Material. The lists of expressions produced by these three approaches are then merged into a single list, keeping both any nested expressions and the phrases into which they fit (e. g. "environmental impact assessment" is nested in "application of environmental impact assessment"). This resultant single list is then analysed (Step 3) to remove all expressions that have an indeterminate or too general meaning when they are detached from the sentences in which they were used. Reading them in a list, outside the textual context, does not allow to link them to a theme or policy sector (e. g. "annual growth rate," "potential earnings"). After this lexical filtering, more than 13,500 distinct expressions endowed with an autonomous meaning (independent of the context), form the vocabulary of the corpus of 18 policies. Each expression or noun phrase is made up of one or more words. A set of themes is then formed from the vocabulary. The approach chosen in this fourth step (Step 4) is based on the differentiated and complementary expertise of the co-authors to identify these themes rather than on a purely lexical-semantic analysis or a clustering statistic. In this way the identified themes are meaningful in the context of the making of policies and regulations related to the oceans and marine resources, socio-ecological changes and development, in particular in the specific context of the Pacific region. The 34 themes thus obtained were divided into 5 domains, "activities," "development," "environmental changes," "governance," and "law, policy, and politics". In Step 5 (see Supplementary Material for details), each word entering the composition of an expression of the vocabulary, except stop-words, is lemmatised. More than 3,800 of such lemmas were obtained and each lemma is then assigned to a theme. The hierarchy formed by the list of lemmas assigned to the 34 themes themselves partitioned into five domains. This constitutes the taxonomy of the corpus of policies analysed. By construction, an expression comprising several lemmas can be linked to more than one theme, for example, "advocacy for low carbon development" is related to the themes "law" [label: LAW], "environment and climate change" [ENCC] and "development" [DEVe] via the lemmas "advocacy," "carbon," and "development," respectively. Acronyms and frozen expressions are not lemmatized but directly related to a theme. The policy texts are taken one by one in Step 6, to search for each expression. For each policy, the number of distinct lemmas assigned to each theme is counted. The presentation of this result in the form of a histogram constitutes the profile of policy. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2021 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Hub researchers have contributed to the long-awaited Blue Pacific Ocean Report launched by the Pacific Ocean Commissioner in 2021. The Report provides a stocktake of the progress of ocean policy implementation and proposes forward-looking strategies to improve ocean governance and sustainability. A team drawn from the Hub contributed a section called "Lessons from a Research on the analysis of regional ocean policy inter-linkages". This analysis used a lexicometric content analysis of regional ocean policies and identified opportunity for policy retirement, embedding of expanding sectors to reduce fragmentation and increased coherence of the Ocean with key regional development themes. This analysis was carried out by Pierre Mazzega (CNRS, University Jean Jaurès, France), Claire Lajaunie (INSERM, University Aix-Marseille, France), Jeremy Hills (USP) and Payal Maharaj (USP). The work was carried out in collaboration with the Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner who are the Hub's project partners. See the Blue Pacific Ocean Report here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/blue-pacific-ocean-report%E2%80%AF/ 
URL https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.676944/full
 
Title Making space for small-scale fishers: Community-based, participatory GIS linked mapping tool 
Description This is a participatory research method, embedded in our larger 'Community-based, participatory Marine Planning' project in St Helena Bay. This particular tool takes the form of a process of individual interviews with fishers using a geographic information system (GIS) referenced map to enable them to identify their traditional fishing spots. We worked with local fishers in the St Helena Bay area to facilitate a process of them mapping the areas where they fish, what they fish and how much they fish. We used large maps and encouraged fishers to draw on the maps where they fished for different species. This information from each fisher was then captured using GIS and a series of maps (species-specific) showing where the main fishing areas are were produced - so-called heat maps. A sample of 12 fishers undertook this mapping process, assisted by Hub researchers from the University of Cape Town, South Africa, who captured qualitative data shared by the fishers whilst he or she was mapping their fishing spots. This data was then aggregated to develop a heat map showing the common spots identified by the fishers. A more focused component of the research then follows, in which a dedicated sample of 6 skippers uses a map with the fisher identified fishing sites on it to identify their monthly fishing trips and record their catches. This process is currently underway but will enable the team to link fishing area and catch per unit of effort (CPUE) for this pilot sample. This method has been shared with other small-scale fishers as a tool to enable them to advocate for a small-scale fishing zone and to provide evidence to be used in the Marine Spatial Planning process. However, to date, the actual tool has not been replicated elsewhere. This tool was produced in 2023 and piloted from March to September 2023. It has not been published and has only been used by the University of Cape Town Environmental & Geographical Science team thus far. The methodology is being written up and will be submitted for publication in 2024. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact This pilot has produced notable impacts: The fishers have shared their geo-referenced maps with other small-scale fishers at a regional workshop held on 27 March 2023 held in Velddrif, Western Cape Province. The workshop that took place on 28-29 March 2023 was attended by small-scale fishers from Northern Cape and Western Cape Provinces of South Africa (the workshop report is available here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/t7gtofvfernq1mfkvdb3eckme3). The fishers from the region, representing more than 10 fishing communities all requested that they also be assisted in developing maps of this nature as they could see this would strengthen their position in negotiations and marine spatial planning processes. The maps have been used as the basis of discussions with the South Africa National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) team and the group of scientists currently developing the biodiversity maps which will serve as the basis for the marine spatial planning process in South Africa. The lead scientists have indicated the usefulness of these maps and the maps have contributed towards the adoption of an interim small-scale fisheries map used as a placeholder whilst a more accurate SSF map is developed. This is the first time that the small-scale fisheries sector has been represented on a map by the SANBI and the Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment of South Africa (DFFE) for the purposes of marine spatial planning. The use of this interim map is regarded as an important step in addressing the marginalisation and discrimination experienced by the small-scale fishers in these planning processes to date. The methodology has been shared with other researchers and also fisheries and conservation research teams who are eager to include this data in the maps that South Africa is generating for the marine spatial planning process. The data and the maps belong to the fishers and they will decide what maps and what data to share with government. This method of gathering local data on fishing activities is of great interest to researchers who have been tasked with mapping priorities of different sectors for the marine spatial planning process in South Africa. 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-alo...
 
Title Methodologies for collecting microplastics that is relatively inexpensive 
Description Methodologies for the collection of plastics have been devised by a student in another project that involved One Ocean Hub researcher, Professor Bhavani Narayanaswamy from the Scottish Association for Marine Science (see Paradinas et al. (2021) A New Collection Tool-Kit to Sample Microplastics From the Marine Environment (Sediment, Seawater, and Biota) Using Citizen Science. Frontiers in Marine Science https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.657709). Under the One Ocean Hub these methodologies are being refined to be used in Ghana. Details about these methodologies are explained below. We developed a simple, cost-effective and practical tool-kit to collect microplastics from the coastal environment and engaged the public in scientific research. The tool-kit was designed to take into account the latest recommendations for sampling each environmental substrate, whilst being practical for citizen scientists to use. This research demonstrates that using a semi-structured to structured project with a defined sampling approach including the participation of the public with local knowledge can be an effective way to monitor microplastics in the marine environment along the Scottish coastline. This approach, can be adapted to other projects monitoring microplastics to increase the use of citizen science in projects, allowing more studies to take place, more samples to be collected, and a greater understanding of the occurrence and the potential impact of microplastics in the environment. Sampling kits were designed to be simple tool-kits, easily used by all volunteers. The tool-kit consisted of a pole-water sampler, glass jars (15 of 7 ml), plastic bottles (5 of 500 ml), sealable plastic bags, filter paper already placed in Petri dishes, aluminum foil, deionised water (1l), electrical tape, water-resistant pencil, ice blocks (3) and a cool box (Figure 2). The water-sampler, bottles, bags and jars were rinsed and cleaned with deionised water and 70% ethanol prior to being sealed. The filter papers and Petri dishes were examined using a stereomicroscope 37.5× magnification prior to sealing with electrical tape to ensure no contamination. Bottles, bags and jars were partially labeled to facilitate the work in the field by the volunteers. All materials were stored in an insulated cool-box immediately after collection and during transport of samples to the laboratory, which allowed safe transportation of materials. The cool-box provided thermal insulation for the samples, resulting in slower development of organic matter, as well as a convenient way to transfer materials to and from the site. The volunteers were asked to take a knife (Swiss army type knife) prior to going into the field, to be able to remove the mussels from their substrate. At all research locations, intertidal sediment (i.e., sand), coastal water and benthic organisms (i.e., M. edulis) were collected four times during the year (every 13 weeks) to investigate seasonal variability in microplastic abundances, polymer types and shapes. All the sites were sampled at the same time (e.g., over the same weekend) to avoid large weather and tidal disparities between locations. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2021 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact We are using a methodology for collecting microplastics that is relatively inexpensive and hence can be used by a developing country to undertake microplastic collection. From this methodology a new dataset is being developed by Hub researchers based at the Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), UK and the University of Cape Coast, Ghana. The dataset contains number of particles and the polymer type of these particles. It quantifies the level of micro/meso plastic found on water and sediment from four different mangrove regions in Ghana during the wet season. Anticipated impact rests on the availability of data for fisheries-human health research, with potential impacts on livelihoods. In addition, this knowledge will help inform future research needs on micro and nano plastics. Please see also a separate entry under database, dataset, and model section titled "The dataset on microplastics: Quantity and identity of plastics in mangroves and beaches." 
URL https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.657709/full
 
Title Methods for investigating coralporosis in coral skeletons 
Description Methods are adapted for ocean sciences from the field of osteoporosis. Ocean acidification is a threat to the net growth of tropical and deep-sea coral reefs, due to gradual changes in the balance between reef growth and loss processes. Here we go beyond identification of coral dissolution induced by ocean acidification and identify a mechanism that will lead to a loss of habitat in cold-water coral reef habitats on an ecosystem-scale. To quantify this, we present in situ and year-long laboratory evidence detailing the type of habitat shift that can be expected (in situ evidence), the mechanisms underlying this (in situ and laboratory evidence), and the timescale within which the process begins (laboratory evidence). Through application of engineering principals, we detail how increased porosity in structurally critical sections of coral framework will lead to crumbling of load-bearing material, and a potential collapse and loss of complexity of the larger habitat. Importantly, in situ evidence highlights that cold-water corals can survive beneath the aragonite saturation horizon, but in a fundamentally different way to what is currently considered a biogenic cold-water coral reef, with a loss of the majority of reef habitat. The shift from a habitat with high 3-dimensional complexity provided by both live and dead coral framework, to a habitat restricted primarily to live coral colonies with lower 3-dimensional complexity represents the main threat to cold-water coral reefs of the future and the biodiversity they support. Ocean acidification can cause ecosystem-scale habitat loss for the majority of cold-water coral reefs. There are few papers in press and in submission derived from the development of the methods (see https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.00668/full and https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355093148_Multiscale_Mechanical_Consequences_of_Ocean_Acidification_for_Cold-Water_Corals). 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The new methods are being used in working towards modelling when reefs of the future will lose habitat. The new methods were presented at the UN Climate COP26 side-event "The Ocean and Climate Justice: Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation," the Scottish Government Climate Ambition Zone, 5 November 2021 in Glasgow, with a view to improving our understanding of climate impacts on cold-water corals and subsequent loss in ecosystem functioning and associated services humans rely on globally (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2145wf54XI). The Economist launched a film titled 'Climate change: what is ocean acidification?' (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OVWZyDz--30) on 2 February 2023 that reported on these new methods (from 6 minutes on). The film has been viewed 114,958 times. The methods also have the potential to identify critical cold-water coral habitat for restoration and in need of protection. From the use of these new methods, the Hub's research team at the University of Edinburgh have developed a new dataset "Physiological data, skeletal dissolution and water parameters of a long-term multiple stressor aquarium experiment with the cold-water coral Desmophyllum pertusum." The dataset was uploaded to PANGAEA, Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science, but is not published yet. 
URL https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.00668/full
 
Title Methods for preparing thin sections of steenbras and kob otoliths for chronologies 
Description Hub researcher, Dr Margit Wilhelm (University of Namibia, Namibia), developed new methods in preparing thin sections of steenbras and kob otoliths to examine age and growth chronologies of fish. From the removal of the otolith in the field to the final mounting and photographing for analysis, Dr Wilhem and her research team have tested out the protocols for otolith removal, storage, embedding, slicing and mounting. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact No notable impacts to be reported at this stage, but it is expected that fish age determination laboratory and protocols established at UNAM will allow for the first independent sampling in Namibia resulting in chronologies and genetics for different target fish species that can lead to differentiated management for fish species. 
 
Title Methods for vulnerability assessment and identification of adaptation options for large scale fisheries (small pelagics and Namibian rock lobster fisheries) 
Description One Ocean Hub researchers at Rhodes University led by Profesor Kevern L. Cochrane, Professor Warren Potts and Professor Warwick Sauer have developed a tool to measure vulnerability of fisheries to climate change. The tool developed in assessing vulnerability and identifying adaptation options is consistent with the standard vulnerability assessment (VA) framework applied by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In accordance with that framework, vulnerability is split into two components, ecological vulnerability and social and economic vulnerability (e.g. Marshall et al., 2009). In addition, for the purposes of this project a third component is also included, referred to as National Economy and Governance. The new tool is new and novel because it takes into account social and economic vulnerability data. In contrast to the availability of reliable information on the impacts of climate change on the ecology of Benguela ecosystem and ecological vulnerabilities, there has been little work done, and hence there is only limited information, on the social and economic vulnerabilities of the fisheries of the Benguela countries. Any such information that is available will be examined and used where appropriate but the primary method for this component will be to collect information through consultation with stakeholders, particularly those stakeholders who are directly dependent on the fisheries for their livelihoods, as well as the responsible government agencies. National workshops will be held in each country as a primary tool for consultation but follow-up consultations will also be held with specific stakeholders as required. This will include visits to processing factories to consult directly with factory workers and fishing crews. In accordance with the standard IPCC practice, social and economic vulnerability is determined as the combination of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. These three indicators are defined as (Sowman et al. 2018): • Sensitivity: the degree to which a system is affected, either adversely or beneficially, by climate related stimuli; • Exposure: the nature and degree to which a system is exposed to significant climatic variations; • Adaptive capacity: the ability of systems, institutions, humans, and other organisms to adjust to potential damage, to take advantage of opportunities, or to respond to consequences. For further information on this method please read here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/nkheb8n1mt7e37it6561rd3k2o 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact The method allows communities, companies and managers to make informed decisions on fisheries in the future. The Food and Agriculture Organizationis is going to publish the method as part of its publication. Three research papers based on this method had been published: Cochrane, K., L., Eggers, J., & Sauer, WHH. (2020). A diagnosis of the status and effectiveness of marine fisheries management in South Africa based on two representative case studies. Marine Policy. 112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103774 Iitembu J.A., Kainge P., Sauer W.H.H. (2021) Climate Vulnerability and its Perceived Impact on the Namibian Rock Lobster Fishery. In: Leal Filho W., Luetz J., Ayal D. (eds) Handbook of Climate Change Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22759-3_265-1 Kelly Ortega Cisneros, Kevern L. Cochrane, Nina Rivers, Whh Sauer (2021) Assessing South Africa's Potential to Address Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in the Fisheries Sector (2021) Frontiers in Marine Science 8 Follow journal https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.652955 
URL https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.652955
 
Title Multi-modal workshop synthesis and feedback 
Description For workshops with small-scale fishers, the Hub research team in Rhodes University, South Africa, has developed and refined innovative methods for synthesising highly detailed and specific discussions, so that there is a succinct and strategic summary of the discussions for small-scale fishers and their partners to be referred back to and use in other ocean governance spaces, as well as to provide feedback to small-scale fishers in their communities who are not present at the in-person workshops. This includes graphic/ illustrated summaries of stories, discussions or perspectives shared by small-scale fishers; as well as translated voice note summaries of the proceedings and key discussions and decisions (which are shared on the team's small-scale fishers' leaders Whatsapp group), along with the usual written reports. The research team has also developed useful methods for facilitating participatory engagement with the content of the discussions, for example through inviting voice note or other responses from small-scale fishers, to correct or add to the summaries we share, or using 'Polls' to vote on particular issues. All of this is done over very accessible platforms (usually WhatsApp) which makes it very accessible. The data and airtime the research team provides out of the One Ocean Hub funding also makes this possible. These different methods reinforce one another and ensure that people with a range of literacy levels, languages and experience are able to learn from and contribute to the discussions. It also contributes to solidarity building and organising efforts amongst small-scale fishers from different regions and communities, because it becomes more possible to develop a shared set of priorities and strategies when people are able to build a shared picture of small-scale fishers' experiences and struggles. The research team is working on a paper about this, to be published in 2024. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact The methods that Hub researchers in South Africa used have facilitated organisation building and unity among small-scale fishers around key issues affecting small-scale fishers. The methods enable the resolution of contesting views and coordinate action among small-scale fishers' organisations. Aspects of how this network works has been published by early-career researcher Taryn Pereira Kaplan and further publication is forthcoming in the form of a peer-reviewed academic paper and case study report for the One Ocean Hub in 2024 (https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502). Notable impacts were demonstrated through (1) collective response by small-scale fishers in giving input into consultations around oil and gas in three separate court cases in South Africa (https://bit.ly/3BNm1dX), leading to an unprecedented recognition of cultural rights connected to the seabed and the need to protect procedural rights of Indigenous Peoples and small-scale fisheries in the context of licensing offshore oil and gas exploration (https://bit.ly/3IfGNGr and (2) addressing challenges in putting the small-scale fishers' right to fish for squid in practice in 2020-2022 particularly among the sixteen of the Eastern Cape small-scale fishers cooperatives (https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/). 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/
 
Title Multidisciplinary approach to capacity development in offshore research cruises 
Description The One Ocean Hub's Capacity Development Cruise conducted in February 2023 aimed to build the offshore sampling capacity of emerging researchers from Southern Africa and develop the skills, relationships and multiple knowledge types to support developing ocean economies. The research cruise was designed by young researcher to meet their needs and incorporated multiple disciplines in marine science to simultaneously collect complementing datasets to accomplish objectives across the fields of taxonomy, phylogeny, habitat, ecology, impacts and benefits from biodiversity. The information is supporting marine spatial planning for seafloor and pelagic habitats in the Eastern Cape. The cruise brought 10 emerging researchers together from five institutions, supported by three established scientists, building multi-disciplinary research relationships locally, using locally developed equipment aboard a local vessel and fostering a strong human capital and transformation agenda. The research cruise plan was co-developed for and by emerging researchers and led by an emerging researchers. The team was based in East London, South Africa but data was also collected during transit between Port Alfred and the East London Harbour. The Research Vessel Observer, a 15m cat with twin Hamilton jet engines was used to conduct offshore research. Sampling covered the offshore area between Port Alfred and Kei mouth. Of the 17 days of the expedition, 12 days were spent at sea. A total of 29 ROV stations (OOH001-OOH029), totalling more than 14 hours were completed in the 43 m to 230 m depth range. Of these, most were biodiversity surveys to support ecosystem description and mapping, but four dives were dedicated to collections for eDNA, taxonomic, genetic and biodiscovery research. Ten landers were deployed in the 300 - 1000m depth range. CTD transects were conducted to collect oceanographic data and sediment samples were collected to provide grain size data. Biodiversity surveys were complemented with dredges to sample marine invertebrates from the seabed. Evening sessions provided knowledge sharing on data processing and curation, progress in ecosystem classification and patterns in benthic assemblages, fish research and molecular science and ecology. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact A total of 45 specimens were collected for biodiscovery and barcoding to support integrated taxonomic research. The cruise thus supported the SeaMap project funded by the National Research Foundation (NRF) Foundational Biodiversity Programme and built capacity within two projects funded by the African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme, Deep Connections and Agulhas Bank Connections. Eighteen Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) casts were strategically deployed on the East London shelf to resurvey established monitoring CTD lines and to understand the oceanography of the submarine canyon systems. Nine sediment samples were collected by cone dredge between 80-90 m deep with one opportunistically collected from one of the landers legs. This survey extended depth capabilities by deploying deep sea landers fitted with Stereo-Baited Remote Underwater Video. The landers were deployed at ten stations between 230-1035 m for the first time in a high current environment on the East London slope. Building on previous efforts, four sponges were collected for natural product chemistry research at the Dorrington lab at Rhodes University. Many stations were to support MSc and PhD students including Sinothando Shibe at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mari-Lise Franken and Caroline Sejeng at the University of Cape Town and Jody Oliver, a molecular PHD student from Rhodes University. All these students will benefit from the data collected. The first observations and collection of the cf. Enallopsammia cold water corals from the Gxulu Canyon will also support species distribution modelling for this taxon for which current capacity was under development through the team conducting research on Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VME). Interesting observations included deep observations of the south coast rock lobster Palinurus gilchristi at 230 m, dense seapen aggregations inside the Amathole Offshore marine protected area and diverse sponge dominated reefs along the submerged paleo-shoreline. Two dredges were conducted to collect specimens for SeaMap barcoding efforts. Targeted water and six sponge samples were collected to support cutting edge molecular research for Jody Oliver's PhD. The observations from this cruise will support the developing reference image library that will be useful for future work analysing seabed imagery and can support future technological innovation such as the application of machine learning and artificial intelligence. Excellent imagery and video were collected by ROV and lander to support science engagement and communication work. Emerging science communicator Caiti Allison led the social media campaign for this research cruise. The research team utilised bad weather days to further transdisciplinary areas of work including the identification and mapping of Culturally Significant Areas and the identification of culturally important marine species. We took opportunity to visit outlets for imithi (traditional medicine), interact with traditional healers to understand the use of marine product in traditional medicine and ritual and to document indigenous knowledge in the region. This method is made available in a cruise report and has been shared in: - The African network of deep water researchers and at the marine regions forum in Tanzania. The Network comprises over 250 members from 27 African nations, representing over 140 institutions. 76% of members are self-identified Early Career Researchers We have seen increased capacity among students and researchers and increased research interest. Chief scientist, Luther Adams is now registered for a PhD that will apply machine learning in analysis of ROV and lander or remote camera footage. His leadership of the cruise was a key factor in supporting his success in obtaining a highly competitive bursary for his PhD studies. Ms Shibe has graduated with an MSC in marine science and Ms Oliver is completing her PHD but has secured a three-year post as a lab technician at the South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/cruise-report-one-ocean-hub-capacity-development-cruise/
 
Title Participatory rural appraisal methods 
Description Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) methods have been piloted by Hub Deputy Director, Dr Philile Mbatha (University of Cape Town, South Africa) in her research on critical blue economy in Kosi Bay and Richards Bay, South Africa. These are the two case studies areas of Dr Mbatha research as part of the One Ocean Hub. The PRA consists of a suite of data collection techniques that are useful when data collection is conducted in marginalised contexts. The techniques involved include timelines, Venn diagrams, participatory mapping as well as oral history interviews collected in focus groups and with individuals. The use of these methods in Dr Mbatha research has started before she joined the One Ocean Hub. With funding from the Hub, Dr Mbatha has continued to use the methods in Kosi Bay and Richards Bay. Findings from Dr Mbatha's research in Kosi Bay informed her current research with the Empatheatre team within iSimangaliso UNESCO site. Together, with the Empatheatre team, Dr Mbatha ran a series of workshops in the Mbazwana area in iSimangaliso with youth and elderly Indigenous knowledge holders. In the workshops the research team collected data through focus groups, storytelling, participatory mapping - all of which are inspired by PRA methods. Dr Mbatha also shared her research findings with the Empatheatre team which, in triangulation with the data from the workshops, informed the development of Umkhosi Wenala play. The play, titled "Umkhosi Wenala" (is Zulu for "Festival of Abundance") aims to create an innovative participatory decision-making space where rural youth can have a voice in the creation and management of MPAs that exclude cultural, spiritual and other local perspectives, concerns and questions (https://oneoceanhub.org/fairer-and-more-inclusive-marine-protected-areas-through-restorative-public-storytelling/). 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact The use of participatory rural appraisal methods that has informed the development of the Empatheatre's new play "Umkhosi Wenala" (is Zulu for "Festival of Abundance") were shared at the closing events of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (27 attendees attendees), which the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation co-organised with the Hub on 27-31 March 2023 in Rome, Italy, with policy makers and practitioners involved in sustainable fisheries and marine conservation. The methods were also shared across the Hub's four side-events for the UN World Oceans Day in New York that were co-organised with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance and the UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea on 7-9 June 2023 (attended by 111 attendees). The One Ocean Hub team will also share insights from the use of the methods at the Hub-led satellite event 'Presenting Transdisciplinary Toolbox for transformative Ocean Governance' for the UN Ocean Science Decade Conference in April 2024 in Barcelona, Spani. The Hub-led satellite event will include a live performance of an excerpt from the Umkosi Wenala theatre play. Dr Mbatha will further share knowledge and experience in using participatory rural appraisal methods at the Small-Scale Fisheries Summit in Rome in July 2024 with policy makers, civil society and small-scale fishers. The engagement at the international level is expected to further co-develop the Hub research and policy contributions on how to make marine protection more inclusive, just and support multi-species flourishing (human and more-than-human alike). 
 
Title Photovoice to represent children's views about fisheries 
Description This method enables the use of pictures to represent children's views about fisheries. These include the view of (1) children engaged in fishing whilst in school, (2) children engaged in fishing without being in school, and (3) children in school that do not engage in fishing. Each category of children is made to provide a pictorial view of their future as fishermen. Children are made to explain what they have pictured down. Such a method is used for data collection is used by a graduate student at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana in his thesis on "Children and Indigenous Knowledge Systems" supervised by Dr Georgina Yaa Oduro and Dr John Ansah (University of Cape Coast). 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact This research method provides a better explanation to the reality of children's perspective on fisheries than the traditional qualitative methods of data collection. Findings from the use of this method has been shared by Dr Georgina Yaa Oduro as part of the following Hub's written evidence submissions to: • the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights on "the impacts of loss and damage from the adverse effects of climate change on human rights," January 2024 (https://oneoceanhub.org/accounting-for-the-impacts-of-loss-and-damage-from-the-adverse-effects-of-climate-change-on-human-rights/); • the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights on "the adverse impact of climate change on the right to food," December 2022 (https://oneoceanhub.org/ensuring-sufficient-attention-to-the-link-between-the-ocean-climate-change-and-the-right-to-food/) that has been included in the UN Secretary-General's Report on "Adverse impact of climate change on the full realisation of the right to food" (A/HRC/53/47; https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/thematic-reports/ahrc5347-adverse-impact-climate-change-full-realization-right-food); • the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment on Women, Girls, and the rights to a Healthy Environment (https://oneoceanhub.org/protecting-womens-and-girls-rights-to-a-healthy-environment/); • the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights on climate change impacts on the realization of the equal enjoyment of the right to education by every girl (https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/b1rrdlt4hlbs9m06v2vea8hq3m); and • the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Development: Call for input for the 2024 report on the right to development of children and future generations (https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/pv9f3td0863d2rpupfjq4u4iae). 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/protecting-womens-and-girls-rights-to-a-healthy-environment
 
Title Piloting recreation specialisation theory to the South African Marine Shore-Based Fishery (MSBF) 
Description Hub early-career researcher, Kyle Hewett (Doctoral Student at Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) is piloting recreation specialisation theory to the South African Marine Shore-Based Fishery (MSBF) to identify angler heterogeneity. Although angler specialisation itself is not a new a tool, what is novel is piloting this method in the context of the South African MSBF. The crux of the specialisation theory argues that that outdoor recreational fishery participants can be placed on a continuum from general interest and low involvement to specialised interest and high involvement. Each level of specialisation is associated with distinctive behaviours and orientations, such as equipment preference, type of experience sought, desired setting for the activity, attitudes toward resource management, preferred social context, and vacation patterns (Bryan, 2020, pp.18-21. available here: bit.ly/3ZjR4HK). No publications have been produced from piloting recreation specialisation theory to the South Africa MSBF as the research is still at the data collection phase. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact Findings generated from piloting recreation specialisation theory to the South African Marine Shore-Based Fishery will be used to aid in management of the fisheries in South Africa. It is expected that outputs produced from this method will be able to shape the recreational fishery in a well-managed and sustainable manner. 
 
Title Policy Text Mining Tool 
Description Hub researcher, Pierre Mazegga (Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), France and the Strathclyde Centre for Environmental Law & Governance, University of Strathclyde, UK) developed 'Natural Language Processing Tool' for the representation and analysis (using mathematical graph theory) of policy and legal texts. In addition to the production of appropriate evidence from analysis of very large textual corpora (composed of billions of words), two additional objectives are pursued from this new tool: (a) to design an approach capable of highlighting idiosyncratic uses of terms from a restricted textual corpus; (b) identify a first essential property of policy or legal texts that an analysis in context of the linguistic material can reveal, and outline the consequences on the normative level. On a technical level, the purpose of using conceptual graphs is generally to build up a knowledge base that can then be queried (to answer questions or produce new knowledge) via machines. Our posture is different: the work of formalising legal proposals, sentences or articles via conceptual graphs creates the conditions for an interrogation in direct contact with the legal matter (data), on mechanisms, artifices and techniques-implicit or explicit, intentional or unconscious, known or hidden-used by "the legislator" in the production of normative texts. Even if the theory of conceptual graphs cannot claim the universality of its capacities to transcribe any text into natural language and therefore presents limits of applicability, the formalisation exercise offers the opportunity to explain a part of the latent cognitive options which govern the choice of expressions in natural language and their conceptual underpinning. In this process, the nature of these revealed choices makes it possible to question the clarity and distinction of the concepts used and, admittedly a more adventurous step, to try to understand the consequences of these choices. Pierre's publications related to the policy mining text tool include: 1. Mazegga P. (2021). "Conceptual Graphs and Terminological Idiosyncrasy in UNCLOS and CBD." Frontiers in Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2021.664621 and 2; and Hills JM., Lajaunie C, Maharaj PN., Mazzega P. (2021). "Orchestrating the Ocean Using a National Ocean Policy: The Case of the Solomon Islands." Frontiers in Marine Science https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.676944. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2021 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The text mining tool developed by Pierre Mazegga contributed to the development and finalisation of Fiji's first National Ocean Policy in 2021, which was endorsed by the Cabinet and is a significant milestone for Fiji's sustainable ocean governance. The mining tool developed was also used by the Hub research team in the South Pacific to undertake textual content and network analysis on the existing ocean-related development policies of Fiji and identified their linkages with Fiji's National Development Plan. See the letter of acknowledgment from the Fiji's Ministry of Economy here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/3ud67lnoq8h52ggf9tgls045p9. The text mining tool was presented by Dr Jeremy Hills (University of the South Pacific, Fiji) at the MARE Conference panel 'Exploring (and subverting) the appropriation of blue economy aspirations' in June 2020; by Dr Jeremy Hills, Dr Bernadette Snow (at the time with University of Strathclyde, UK), and Kelly Hoareau (University of Seychelles, Seychelles) at the UN Climate COP26 side-event 'The Ocean and Climate Justice: Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation,' Scottish Government Climate Ambition Zone on 5 November 2021 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2145wf54XI); and by Dr Bernadette Snow at the UN Climate COP26 Virtual Ocean Pavilion live event on 'SBSTA Ocean and Climate Change Dialogue Theme: Strengthening cooperation and collaboration among relevant UN bodies in tackling ocean and climate change' on 1 November 2021 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_kEMOrIYswA). 
URL https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.676944
 
Title Principles and Practices for Solidarity in Transdisciplinary Research between academic researchers and community based environmental justice activists 
Description These practices and principles have been co-developed within the Coastal Justice Network's engagements between scholar activists and small-scale fishers and other coastal justice activists. They are principles for relationships based on reflexive, situated solidarity, in which academic research is orientated towards being accessible, useful and responsive to the justice struggles of community-based activists and the social movements they are part of. The Coastal Justice Network (CJN) brings together SSF leaders from 13 cooperatives and other fisher organisations with researchers, local civil society organisations and legal professionals, to build and mobilize capacity of SSFs to engage in ocean governance processes that affect their lives and livelihoods, by: 1. Building support networks of and for SSFs to coordinate nation-wide and strategise as a sector; 2. Providing training, access to knowledge and practical resources, and networking; 3. Supporting fishers and other civil society organisations in responding to ongoing developments and issues as they arise;. 4. Working with civil society supporting ocean-dependent communities to change practices to promote community empowerment and leadership; and 5. Working with national and local public authorities to change behaviours and practices to enhance the inclusiveness of public participation, consultation and co-management. The Network has created a structure to understand the needs of under-resourced coastal peoples addressing multiple, inter-connected, threats to their wellbeing. It then makes available legal, scientific, capacity-building, financial and logistic resources to communities, so that they can approach these issues in a strategic and coordinated way. Hub early-career researcher, Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University, South Africa) is writing up four peer-reviewed articles, as part of her PhD thesis. One of the peer-reviewed journal articles led by Taryn Pereira titled "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice" was published in Ecosystems & Peoples in 2023 (https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502). 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Principles and practices of solidarity in transdiciplinary research have enabled a core group of One Ocean Hub researchers to contribute towards efforts of community-based activists to stand up to un-democratic ocean governance related to deep-sea oil and gas exploration, coastal and seabed mining, human rights violations in marine protected areas, fisheries resource management, and other aspects of ocean governance in South Africa. A series of successful judicial challenges have been brought before national courts as a result of this approach, which have been praised by the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment as good practice of environmental human rights defenders. For further explanation on the Hub researchers' contributions to stand up to un-democratic practices of ocean governance, read a blogpost written by Taryn Pereira titled 'The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment' Judge rules in the Shell Seismic Survey case in October 2022 at: https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/. Insights from the method have been shared with 103,321 environmental justice and human rights practitioners, government officials, researchers and students around the world through: - presentations by Professor Elisa Morgera (University of Strathclyde) and Dr Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, South Africa) for the Inaugural Global Network for Human Rights and the Environment (GNHRE) - UN Environment Programme (UNEP) Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: o Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by 50 attendees. o Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. The event was attended by 50 attendees. • presentations by Dr Kira Erwin (Durban University of Technology, South Africa) and Dr Dylan McGarry and Taryn Pereira Kaplan (Rhodes University, South Africa) for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022 o "Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders," 22 June 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc&t=1664s). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. o Defending the ocean at the kelp roots: Stories from Small scale fisher ocean defenders in South Africa, 28 June 2022 (https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-led-panels-for-the-2022-summer-winter-school-on-human-rights-and-the-environment/). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • Taryn Pereira's presentation for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2023 titled "Transforming ocean conservation and sustainable use: rethinking blue economies in terms of environmental and socio-cultural justice," 13 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtg-afz5tnA). This event was attended by 38 participants. • Taryn Pereira's presentation for the IUCN Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy (CEESP) Reimagine Webinar Series: A Global Spotlight on Ocean Defenders, 29 November 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v11nLsazmaw&t=20s). This event was attended by 101 attendees. • the Hub-led event for the UN World Ocean Week 2022 titled "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6_o&t=768s, 52 attendees). • the closing events of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, which the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation co-organised with the Hub on 27-31 March 2023 in Rome, Italy (469 attendees); • a series of four side-events for the UN World Oceans Day 2023 co-organised with Peace Boat and Blue Planet Alliance on 7-9 June 2024 at the UN Plaza, New York (attended by 111 people) and the official UN World Oceans Day celebration at the UN Headquarters (350 in-person attendees and 102,000 online attendees) in New York on 7 June 2023 with policy makers and practitioners involved in sustainable fisheries and marine conservation; and • Taryn Pereira's presentation at the the 2023 annual conference of the Association of Human Rights Institutes titled, 'Human Rights Defenders Under Siege' (7-9 September 2023, Bilbao, Spain). The Hub will share insights from "Principles and Practices for Solidarity in Transdisciplinary Research between academic researchers and community based environmental justice activists" at the Hub-led satellite event 'Presenting Transdisciplinary Toolbox for transformative Ocean Governance' for the UN Ocean Science Decade Conference (April 2024, Barcelona, Spain) and the Small-Scale Fisheries Summit in July 2024 in Rome. 
URL https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502
 
Title Questionnaire: Social survey on Namibian anglers 
Description The questionnaire was prepared by a group of One Ocean Hub researchers based at the University of Namibia, Namibia, and Rhodes University, South Africa, who set to understand and evaluate angler compliance, behaviour, attitudes, and perceptions towards regulations set by the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources of Namibia. The output of the survey is in preparation for submission as a journal article. Hub researcher, Dr Margit Wilhelm (University of Namibia), is leading the development of dataset derived from the social survey on Namibian anglers. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact A substantial amount of information was collected that can be used for improving fisheries governance in Namibia. 
 
Title SMarTaR-ID Web Portal and South Atlantic species catalogue 
Description SMarTaR-ID Web Portal and South Atlantic species catalogue serve as a tool from which to develop standards in image analysis. The use of image-based data in marine ecology is now routine. However, there are challenges in the identification of marine animals from imagery, and the taxonomic level it is possible to achieve in the field. To support field identification of marine animals, many different organisations have developed their own in-house reference image libraries. Some have published their libraries as websites, apps, or papers. These reference libraries have proved a valuable source of information in supporting interpretation of image-based data. However, there are currently no standards around the identification of taxa from imagery. The aim of SMarTaR-ID is to provide a reference standard to which image-based data can be annotated. Our intention is to make it easier to combine image-based datasets for analysis by ensuring some commonality in how animal morphotypes are named (e.g. my anemone 1 is the same morphology as your anemone 1). In support of existing efforts, we have tried to align as far as possible with the CATAMI classification in our morphological filter. Standardisation is very important to marine biodiversity survey and monitoring. In addition, SMarTaR-ID aims to provide the tools to support training of researchers in the field-based identification of marine animals. Taxonomists within the SMarTaR-ID family have developed field keys to some taxa and we hope to develop more over time. We have also begun the development of field-based multi-access keys to marine animals in the form of filters on the database. This is a first step and we recognise there is much more to be done. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2022 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact This tool supports the aims of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, particularly capacity development, ocean literacy and technology transfer for implementing Sustainable Development Goal 14 - Life below water. The production of this novel tool paved the way for the formal endorsement of the One Ocean Hub research on deep-sea ecosystems as a new Decade Action on 3 June 2022 from the UN Decade of Ocean Science. The significance of this tool has been recognised internationally through an invited presentation at the International Seabed Authority in September 2020 (https://isa.org.jm/files/files/documents/WS%20Report_Taxonomic%20Standardization.pdf) and a publication (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218904) in 2019. https://oneoceanhub.org/new-network-of-deep-water-researchers-aims-to-build-africas-capacity-for-deep-water-research/). In October 2023, the Hub has been endorsed as a UN Ocean Decade Implementing Partner, focusing on transdisciplinary research. Hub researchers at the University of Plymouth will present findings, experience and practices of the Hub deep-sea research at the UN Ocean Science Decade Conference in Barcelona, Spain in April 2024 as part of a satellite event titled "Deepening the Decade" to be held at the Banquet Hall of the Conference,Barcelona, Spain in April 2024 in collaboration with Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI). 
URL https://smartar-id.app/
 
Title St Helena Hidden Harvest Survey Tool 
Description St Helena Hidden Harvest Survey Tool was developed by Hub researchers at the University of Cape Town, South Africa, based on the hidden harvest surveys by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). This instrument seeks to quantify the contribution of undocumented small-scale fisheries to the local economy and livelihood of St Helena Bay, South Africa. By doing so, this new tool aids the efforts in protecting small-scale fishers' livelihoods from increasing threats arising from Blue Economy initiatives. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact Surveys were conducted in the second half of 2022. The Hub research team at the University of Cape Town, South Africa, is still processing the data, but it has yielded incredibly important preliminary data quantifying the contribution of small-scale fisheries. This has been fed into national legal and policy process in South Africa and the development of the FAO SSF-LEX that was published in January 2023. The impact of the survey to the legal and policy process in South Africa is reported under the section New Model, Database and Dataset titled 'St Helena Bay (South Africa) Small-scale Fisheries Database'. SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements. The research, tool and methods co-developed by the Hub researchers at the University of Cape Town, South Africa with small-scale fishers in St Helena Bay has led to the co-production of Community-based, participatory GIS linked mapping tool in 2023-2024. This tool is reported under a separate entry titled "Making space for small-scale fishers: Community-based, participatory GIS linked mapping tool." 
 
Title The 'Oceans for Life: a Coastal Community Blue Justice resource process' methodology and tools 
Description The One Ocean Hub research team in South Africa led by Dr Jackie Sunde and Professor Merle Sowman (University of Cape Town) is using and developing a methodology named the 'Oceans for Life: a Coastal Community Blue Justice resource process' that is relevant for a developing country context. It is a human rights-based, participatory research methodology that aims to simultaneously recognise local communities' ecological knowledge and build their advocacy capacities to ensure their rights are protected. It is a community- and human rights-based approach to assessing and transforming Blue Economy development initiatives into life-affirming processes that are equitable and sustainable. Hub researchers are in the process of applying and refining an "oceans for life" assessment tool and "oceans for life" action tool which they have developed over the past year. The tool has been applied in one of the University of Cape Town research team case study sites thus far. The purpose of this community-based tool is to provide an understanding of community vulnerability to ocean economy projects and ascertain the knowledge, skills and resources and actions needed to build resilience. This resource process includes two inter-linked components: 1. Oceans for Life Assessment Tool which is a dynamic, participatory, human- rights based assessment tool that enables coastal communities to assess Blue Economy developments from a human rights-based perspective to check whether the development complies with international and national human rights laws and policies and will contribute to sustaining their lives and that of the ocean upon which they depend; and 2. Oceans for life action tool, which equips coastal communities with the information and an array of resources that will assist them in ensuring that Blue Economy policies, developments and processes comply with relevant human rights and environmental legislation and strategies and activities to transform these development processes into actions that will contribute towards equitable and sustainable oceans and coastal life and livelihoods. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact This is work in progress. The Hub research team has developed a draft Tool and Methodology for Assessing the impact of Blue Economy projects on small-scale fisheries in South Africa. The tool and methodology have been piloted in one fisheries site, with additional testing and refinement planned in 2024. The One Ocean Hub's "Oceans for Life" are a community-based assessment and action tool aimed at supporting coastal communities to assess the impacts of Blue Growth on their lives and livelihoods and to act in order to promote equitable, sustainable and socially just oceans. It is being developed by Hub researchers at the University of Cape Town's Department of Environmental and Geographical Science and One Ocean Hub Small-scale Fisheries research team through their partnership with coastal and small-scale fisher communities with whom it works in South Africa. Most notably, it is a human-rights based methodology. It is still in the piloting phase and has not been published. Hub researchers are noting that the methodology is having impacts within the communities with whom they are working, where the communities are demonstrating their awareness of their rights and the importance of combining their local ecological knowledge with marine science and spatial mapping tools in order to defend their rights and livelihoods. Building upon these method and tool, the Hub's research team at the University of Cape Town are developing a new tool to support small-scale fishers titled "Community-based, participatory GIS linked mapping tool." This new tool is reported under a separate "research tool and method: entry. The Hub will share insights about "The 'Oceans for Life: a Coastal Community Blue Justice resource process" methodology and tools at the Small-Scale Fisheries Summit in July 2024 in Rome. 
 
Title Transdisciplinary audit tool 
Description The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development sets out a transformative vision which has yet to be realised for Sustainable Development Goal 14 and the ocean. Recognition of the "indivisibility" of the Goals and enhanced integration of ocean governance support this transformation, but require at least multidisciplinary, or probably transdisciplinary, approaches. For regions which are highly dependent on development finance, a powerful leverage point for a transdisciplinary transformation is in the design of development investments. The tool developed by Hub researchers Prof Jeremy Hills and Payal Maharaj (University of South Pacific, Fiji) identifies design features of ocean development-financed projects involving substantial amounts of research in two Pacific Small Island Developing States (SIDS): Fiji and the Solomon Islands. Transdisciplinary approaches were closely aligned to what is established as Mode 2 research modalities which focus on participation and multi-knowledge systems, as opposed to Mode 1 which have a predominantly scientific basis. From the literature, an analytical indicator framework was developed which scored projects on their modes of research within four categories: People, Process, Policy and Product. This framework was applied to five development-financed projects, and permitted the balance of Mode 1 and Mode 2 to be assessed and significant differences between projects identified. The work surfaces project features which can be embedded in the design of ocean investments that promote transdisciplinary. The tool can analyse development projects to determine to assess the research and knowledge production mode of the project. Literature recognises mode 1 which is based around sectoral scientist approaches and mode 2 which is more context-driven, inclusive and multidisciplinary process. From literature indicators of mode 1 and 2 were devised under categories of People, Policy, Process and Product which reflected the different dimensions of the knowledge research process. This analytical frame was applied to a number of ocean-related development projects in the Pacific. The results demonstrated that the indicators captured the different approaches used in the projects. Transdisciplinary approaches are only feasible within mode 2 research modalities, thus, the indicators provide insight into how to design research in terms of People, Policy, Process and Product. These results provide insight into the project design required for allow transdisciplinary approaches to develop. With integrated and transdisciplinary outcomes being required to deliver the SDGs, as fully recognised by GCRF, this work is a significant step for designing appropriate interventions. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2022 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact This tractable and practical recognition of transdisciplinarity has connotations to the UN Ocean Decade, in its ability to deliver on its transformation rhetoric. With capacity weaknesses and constrained financial resources in developing countries, and urgent ocean-related challenges especially in SIDS, moving to designed-in transdisciplinary and transformational outcomes remains a priority. This novel method serves as a pilot work to identify transdisciplinary design for ocean development projects - for potential use in other projects or the UN Decade of Ocean Science and Sustainable Development. In 2024, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa integrated this methods in a new knowledge-integration paper on transdisciplinarity. 
URL https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1075759
 
Title 2023 socioeconomic survey of the recreational angling sector in Namibia 
Description The Namibian coast is renowned for its excellent angling opportunities, particularly in the central and northern coastal regions. As popular as the recreational sector is and the livelihood opportunities it provides for coastal communities, the popularity of this fishery has reduced the fish resources and while these were well monitored and managed in the 1990s, they have been neglected in recent years. The poor management of the recreational fishery has placed additional pressure on the fish stocks, having a considerable impact on other users of the resource, including subsistence fishers who rely directly on the fish for their livelihoods. Most anglers will tell you "Daar is nie meer visse nie" or "There are no more fish to catch". Climate change is also threatening fish stocks. For example, central and northern Namibia are recognised as an ocean warming hotspot and changes in temperature are having a marked impact on the distribution, movement patterns and life history of coastal top target fishery species such as kob. The dataset was developed in 2023 by the Hub team in Namibia against the background of these interlocking problems through a survey that was rolled out in 2023. The dataset includes data on the socio-demographic features of anglers at the coast, as well as their economic expenditures related to participating in angling. Recreational fishing is more than just a hobby, but rather a lifestyle for anglers in Namibia. The survey and the dataset it produced also provide information on the economic contributions of foreign/tourist anglers during their fishing trips in Namibia and to better understand shore angler behaviour and opinions towards angling regulations. More information is available at: https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/ 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact The dataset was made available to the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources of Namibia in June 2023. It sheds new light on the economic contribution of the recreational angling sector and provides insights into appropriate changes in the licensing system for recreational fishers in Namibia. 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-r...
 
Title A framework on children's meaningful participation in ocean governance 
Description Hub early-career researchers Dr Sophie Shields & Dr Andrea Longo (University of Strathclyde, UK), Dr Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) and Hub Director, Prof Elisa Morgera (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-developed a framework for facilitating children's participation in international processes at the ocean-climate nexus. Children are still largely invisible in decision-making processes on the marine environment, even if they are increasingly recognised as environmental human rights defenders in decision-making processes on climate action. States' international obligations in relation to children's human rights and the protection of the marine environment can and should be read together to offer a starting point to put children's right to be heard at the heart of international decision-making at the ocean-climate nexus. Children's right to be heard extends to all aspects of their lives - including voicing their views, influencing decisions, accessing justice and remedies, and participating in international law-making and policy-making processes relevant to the marine environment. Building on well-established scholarship and practice on children's participation, Hub researchers from the legal and social sciences led by Sophie Shields suggest how to create a space for the meaningful inclusion of children in international decision-making at the ocean-climate nexus, which is fun, safe, inclusive, based on inter-generational learning and partnership-building, and more likely to lead to transformative decisions to the benefit of present and future generations. The proposed framework consists of four key components including: - Space: Children must be given safe, inclusive opportunities to form and express views about the ocean. - Voice: Careful consideration must be given to facilitation in order for children to express their views about the ocean. - Audience: Adult facilitators must listen and give due weight to the views of children on the ocean. - Influence: Children's views on ocean governance processes must be acted upon, as appropriate. This model for children's participation in international processes has been published in a peer-reviewed journal article: Shields S, Longo A, Strand M and Morgera E. (2023). "Children's Human Right to be Heard at the Ocean-Climate Nexus" 38(3) International Journal of Marine & Coastal Law, available from https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10140 and policy brief Shields S, Morgera E, Strand M & Longo A. (2023). "A framework for facilitating children's participation in international processes at the ocean-climate nexus," available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-a-framework-for-facilitating-childrens-participation-in-international-processes-at-the-ocean-climate-nexus/. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact This framework was developed as part of the Hub's ongoing international collaboration and inputs into the development of the UN General comment No. 26 (2023) on children's rights and the environment with a special focus on climate change that was published by the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child in August 2023. The General Comment No. 26 specifically incorporated references to biodiversity and the ocean as advocated by the One Ocean Hub (paras 1,20,21, 35, 39, 58, 59, 64, 65, 91,92, 101; see the General comment No.26 text here: https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/general-comments-and-recommendations/crccgc26-general-comment-no-26-2023-childrens-rights). See also our entry for global collaborations titled "RAISING AWARENESS ABOUT CHILDREN'S RIGHT TO A HEALTHY OCEAN." The model has been presented to the Children's Environmental Rights Initiative (CERI) in 2023, in preparation for the UN Climate COP28, which adopted a historic decision to convene for the first time an expert dialogue on children and climate change in 2024. The Hub continues to advise UNICEF and other CERI partners on the preparations of the expert dialogue. In addition, and has been referred in several Hub submission to UN processes on children's human rights and child human rights defenders in 2023-204 (UN Special Rapporteur on human rights defenders on child and youth human rights defenders; and the UN Independent Expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order on "youth participation in intergovernmental forums: challenges and opportunities."; UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Development on the right to development of children and future generations). 
URL https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10140
 
Title A marine spatial plan for biodiversity and nature-based activities in Algoa Bay, South Africa 
Description Hub researchers at Nelson Mandela University, South Africa, used systematic conservation planning tools to develop a marine spatial plan that includes the conservation and nature-based activities in the Algoa Bay, South Africa. The project built the first set of online data-bases, freely available on Algoa Bay project website (https://www.algoabayproject.com/). 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2022 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The marine spatial plan feeds into the final marine spatial plan of Algoa Bay that is being developed now, with co-funding from the Hub. This research was funded mostly by the South African government, and the Hub provided continuation funding.The marine spatial plan will benefit 12 partner organisation based in South Africa including South African Maritime Safety Authority; South Africa Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries; Nelson Mandela Bay Maritime Cluster; and Nelson Mandela Bay Tourism; Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds; Sustainable Seas Trust; South African National Parks; Bayworld; CEN; National Research Foundation, South African Environmental Observation Network, and South African International Maritime Institute. For detailed information see collaboration and partnership entry titled "COLLABORATION IN DEVELOPING THE ALGOA MARINE SYSTEMS ANALYSIS TOOL (AlgoaMSAT)." 
URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109574
 
Title Age and growth data and chronologies of steenbras from northern and southern Namibia 
Description Hub researcher, Dr Margit Wilhelm (University of Namibia, Namibia) and her research team are developing a new dataset containing age and growth data and chronologies of steenbras from northern and southern Namibia. The dataset has not been completed yet. Some otoliths have been analysed, but there is still some data that needs to be collected. Age and growth data from this new dataset can be used in an updated stock assessment model. Data about chronology from the otoliths can be used for climate change and tipping point analyses. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact No notable impacts to be reported at this stage, but it is expected that fish age determination laboratory and protocols established at UNAM will allow for the first independent sampling in Namibia resulting in chronologies and genetics for different target fish species that can lead to differentiated management for fish species. The dataset is being developed by an Msc student at UNAM who will make the dataset available once the Masters thesis is done. The Hub's research team at UNAM led by Dr Margit Wilhem will publish the dataset as soon as possible after the Masters thesis is completed (expected May 2024). Building on this work, Dr Wilhem's research team is also developing a dataset of steenbras genetics from the west coast of Namibia. 
 
Title Algoa Bay Marine Spatial Plan: Stakeholder engagement dataset 
Description 7 in in-depth interviews and 5 workshops with coastal governance authorities and practitioners in order to identify current and future pathways to integrate Indigenous Local Knowledge (ILK) into their work. A multi-stakeholder workshop which brought together ILK holders and coastal authorities and practitioners who engaged with the exhibition (see Strand et al., 2022a; Strand et al., 2022b)) and then collaboratively identified pathways to integrate this knowledge into coastal and ocean management (see Figure 6). Both the exhibition and workshop functioned as platforms for storytelling, knowledge interaction and knowledge co-creation. Conceptualised by N. Rivers with significant contributions from M. Strand and B. Snow. A. Benkenstein, A. Lehahieu and C.L. Nonyane contributed towards facilitating the multi-stakeholder workshop. N. Rivers and M. Fernandes carried out data analysis. D. Metuge contributed the legal dimensions of the research. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Paper published: Rivers, N. et al. 2023. Pathways to integrate Indigenous and local knowledge in ocean governance processes: Lessons from the Algoa Bay Project, South Africa. Front. Mar. Sci., Sec. Marine Conservation and Sustainability 9 - 2022, Dataset used in the Algoa Bay MSP. 
URL https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.1084674
 
Title Algoa Bay purse-seine fishers' economic losses owing to endangered seabird conservation measures: interview dataset 
Description Interview responses from 9 fishermen Fisheries catch data - Available from DFFE with a PAIA request. (The data are not publicly available due to being part of a long-term monitoring project involving several researchers.) 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Paper published: Gifford, T. et al. 2023. Local purse-seine fishers' economic losses owing to endangered seabird conservation measures - perceptions and reality. Journal of Coastal Conservation 27, 41. 
URL https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11852-023-00974-8.
 
Title Atlas for fishes from the abyssal Pacific 
Description In situ imagery from this atlas was provided by numerous sources mostly within the CCZ and DISCOL areas (Peru Basin but also from Hawaii and across the North Pacific including Hawaii, Johnstone Atoll, the Musician Seamounts, and the Marian Arc. JD and AL conceived of the study, compiled, and analyzed the baited camera data. DJ and ES-L compiled the visual transect data and assisted JD and AL in analysis. JD wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read, and approved the submitted version. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2021 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Paper published: Drazen, J.C et al. 2021. Regional Variation in Communities of Demersal Fishes and Scavengers Across the CCZ and Pacific Ocean. Front. Mar. Sci. Sec. Deep-Sea Environments and Ecology 8 630616, 
URL https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.630616
 
Title Benthic and Demersal Scavenger Biodiversity in the Eastern End of the Clarion-Clipperton Zone records 
Description Few data exist concerning marine biodiversity in this enormous region and a solid understanding of baseline biodiversity and ecosystem function are necessary in order to inform effective management strategies, conservation and monitoring in the event that mining goes ahead in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, an environmental management area of the Pacific Ocean. In this study, 10 in situ baited-camera experiments were carried out to document the biodiversity of scavengers and their feeding activities. A. Sweetman (PI), R. Harbour (fieldwork, analysis, and writing), A. Leitner (provided data and helped with analysis), C. Ruehlemann (chief scientist on ship), A. Vink (fieldwork and editing) The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Paper published: Harbour, R.P. et al. 2020. Benthic and Demersal Scavenger Biodiversity in the Eastern End of the Clarion-Clipperton Zone - An Area Marked for Polymetallic Nodule Mining. Front. Mar. Sci., Sec. Deep-Sea Environments and Ecology, 7. Contributed to reasons to not mine the Clarion-Clipperton Zone. 
URL https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00458.
 
Title Broad-scale benthic habitat classification of the South Atlantic 
Description Broad-scale benthic habitat classification of the South Atlantic is a seafloor habitat classification model predicting the distribution of habitats across the South Atlantic, produced by clustering environmental variables using two different methods. In December 2022 Hub early-career researcher, Dr Kirsty McQuaid (University of Plymouth, UK) submitted a response and revised manuscript based on reviewers' comments to journal Progress in Oceanography. The manuscript was published in 2023, the model is now made available online, open-access (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2023.103016). 
Type Of Material Computer model/algorithm 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The model has been compared with national-level mapping by co-authors in Uruguay and shows good performance for use in data-poor environments such as deep-water habitats and open ocean. This model has been recognised through the Hub's deep-sea research ("One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4") endorsement as an official Decade Action under the UN Ocean Science Decade's Challenger 150 programme by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the UNESCO. "One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4" is a collaboration between the University of Strathclyde, the Plymouth University of Plymouth, the University of Namibia, SANBI and NMU. Hub researchers at the University of Plymouth will present findings, experience, and practices of the Hub deep-sea research, including insights from this model at the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona, Spain in April 2024 as part of a satellite event titled "Deepening the Decade" to be held at the Banquet Hall of the Conference, co-organised in collaboration with Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI). 
URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2023.103016
 
Title Cadmium exposure experiments on calanoid copepods in West Africa 
Description This dataset provides the findings from laboratory analyses of target copepods to different exposures of cadmium. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2024 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Improved understanding of copepod response to cadmium exposure (due to heavy metal mining) 
URL https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11852-023-01009-y
 
Title Combined impact of global change factors on marine organisms model 
Description This model is developed by Hub researcher, Dr Emmanuel Acheampong (University of Cape Coast, Ghana). It is derived from microcosm experiments that Dr Acheampong conducted to investigate functional responses of marine plankton to cadmium (proxy for heavy metal pollution) and sea surface warming (proxy for global climate change) in Ghana. Four manuscripts related to the use of this model have been published between 2021 and 2023. These articles address impacts associated with climate change (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-023-00967-7), overfishing (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2021.106048), heavy metal pollution (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-023-01009-y) and capacity needs for plankton research in developing tropical countries (https://doi.org/10.3390/w15244288). 
Type Of Material Data analysis technique 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Anticipated impact is improved adaptation and mitigation measures in light of climate change and pollution. Four articles based on this model were published between 2021 and 2023. These include: (1) Townhill, B., Harrod, O., Painting, S. Acheampong, E. et al. "Climate change risk and adaptation for fisher communities in Ghana." Journal of Coastal Conservation 27, 45 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-023-00967-7 (2) Cook, R., Acheampong E., Aggrey-Fynn, J., Heath, M., "A fleet based surplus production model that accounts for increases in fishing power with application to two West African pelagic stocks." Fisheries Research, Volume 243 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2021.106048 (3) Opoku, M., Koomson, A., Abubakar, F. Miyittah, M., Acheampong, E. "Cadmium exposure experiments on calanoid copepods reveal significant shortfall in water quality criteria for managing coastal marine ecosystems in West Africa." Journal of Coastal Conservation 28, 2 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-023-01009-y (4) Adhiambo R, Mensah PK, Acheampong E. "Widespread Geographical Disparities in Phytoplankton Ecology Research in the Face of Climate Change: A Review." Water. 2023; 15(24):4288. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15244288 The Hub research team in Ghana, including Dr Acheampong, shared findings from Hub's fisheries research with members of the Ghanian parliament in 2023. Dr Acheampong will share insights from this model with decision makers and civil society who will attend three dissemination workshops that will be organized in Ghana in the first part of 2024. These workshop will share Hub's research findings and outputs on human rights, climate change adaptation, and small-scale fishers' customary laws. 
URL https://doi.org/10.3390/w15244288
 
Title Covid 19 & recreational angling: survey dataset 
Description 3 methods were used in this dataset: Google search engine exploring public interest in recreational fishing during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021); telephonic interviews from random-digit dialing and number sampling from an official number registry (a disproportional sampling approach was chosen to increase the number of marine anglers by sampling telephone numbers originating from German coasts); geographic coordinates from the smartphone app 'Fishbrain' between 1 January 2015 to 31 October 2021 where assigne to the closest continent to one of the seven continents if it was within 50 km of that continent and used density clustering applications to determine spatial temporal changes. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Paper published: Britton et al. 2023. Global responses to the COVID-19 pandemic by recreational anglers: considerations for developing more resilient and sustainable fisheries. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 33, 1095-1111 
URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-023-09784-5
 
Title Databases of genome sequences of novel bioactive marine bacteria 
Description The Hub research team at the University of Plymouth, UK, led by Prof Mathew Upton has created databases of genome sequences of novel bioactive marine bacteria from UK waters and investigated for the presence of gene clusters that may encode new antibiotics. These data will be made publicly available once the research team has secured protection for any relevant intellectual property. The research team has also created collections of bioactive marine bacteria that are being investigated for the production of novel antimicrobial compounds. These will be the focus of future funding applications as the team is seeking to develop new medicines from marine environments. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact Anticipated impacts will be the production of new antibiotics and medicines from marine environments. Interim research findings and insights from this dataset were shared by Prof Mathew Upton with decision-makers, representatives of civil society and international organisations at the following international events: - Global Network for Human Rights and the Environment (GNHRE) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Summer/Winter School for Human Rights & the Environment "Ocean and human health: transitioning and transforming to an era of interdisciplinary competencies," 11 September 2023. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/part-2-one-ocean-hub-participates-in-five-panels-for-the-2023-summer-winter-school-for-human-rights-the-environment/. Attended by 40 people. - The roundtable titled "One Health, the Ocean and Climate Change," 16 November 2022 at the UN Climate COP27 Health Pavilion, Sharm-El Sheikh, Egypt. Attended by 20 people 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-links-between-one-health-the-ocean-and-climate-change/
 
Title Dataset from community-based, participatory GIS linked mapping tool 
Description This dataset is built by the Hub research team based at the University of Cape Town (UCT), South Africa, led by Prof Merle Sowman and Dr Jackie Sunde. It is generated through the use of the participatory mapping research method, embedded in the team's larger 'Community-based, participatory Marine Planning' project in St Helena Bay. Data collated through the mapping exercises involved individual interviews with fishers using a geographic information system (GIS) referenced map to enable them to identify their traditional fishing spots. For detailed information about the method, see the separate entry under method and tool titled "Making space for small-scale fishers: Community-based, participatory GIS linked mapping tool." Through the One Ocean Hub's Flexible Fund, the team is expanding the mapping work to four other fishing communities. The intention is that once the methodology has been applied in a number of communities, the South Africa government will continue - either through raising funding for consultants/researchers - to continue doing this work around the country since this information is very useful for small-scale fishing communities who are participating in various ocean planning processes, in particular in articulating their priorities in the marine spatial planning and ocean economy planning processes underway. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact The dataset contributed to the development of GIS maps that have been used as the basis of discussions between the UCT team and small-scale fishers with the South Africa National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) and the group of scientists who are currently developing the biodiversity maps. The biodiversity maps developed by SANBI and the scientists will serve as the basis for the marine spatial planning process in South Africa. The lead scientists involved in this process have indicated the usefulness of the GIS maps co-developed by the UCT team and small-scale fishers in contributing towards the adoption of an interim small-scale fisheries map. Currently, the maps produced from this dataset are used as a placeholder, whilst a more accurate small-scale fisheries map is developed. This is the first time that the small-scale fisheries sector has been represented on a map used by SANBI and South Africa's Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE) for the purposes of marine spatial planning. 
 
Title Dataset on small-scale fisheries in Ghana 
Description In 2022, Hub researcher Dr Wisdom Akpalu (University of Cape Coast, Ghana) carried out two surveys for data collection on (1) the enforcement of fishing regulations and (2) multidimensional poverty among artisanal fishers in Ghana. The data has been analysed and are being used to write two papers. Data collection on the enforcement of fishing regulations was conducted by Dr Akpalu from October 2021 to January 2022 in Greater Accra, Western Region and Central Region, Ghana. Data collection on multidimensional poverty was carried out by Dr Akpalu in November 2022 in various areas in Ghana, including Greater Accra (Awudun and Ashamang Fishing District) Central Region (Abandze, Aboadze, Biriwa Fishing Districts), and Western Region (Shama, Axim). Primary data was collected to estimate determinants of multi-dimensional poverty among artisanal fishers in Ghana. The data set contains variables such as education, health and standard of living indicators, as well as food consumption and expenditure, and other socio-demographic characteristics. Dr Akpalu and his research team are currently working on two draft papers, therefore, as of March 2024, the data has not yet been shared with others. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact No notable impacts to be reported at this stage. 
 
Title Defining Destructive Fishing - expert consultation dataset 
Description Repository for analysis connected with the manuscript for the expert consultation process of the Defining Destructive Fishing CCI collaborative project. This project used a Delphi process of expert consultation to generate a greater understanding of what experts connected with fisheries think of the term 'destructive fishing'. This repository contains the scripts used to analyse the results of 3 rounds of iterative online surveys and generate outputs such as figures. To ensure the anonymity of all respondents, some elements of the script are retained for illustrative purposes only because they cannot be run without using data that contains respondents personal information, which will not be made public. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2024 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Code available here: https://github.com/arlie-m/destructive_fishing_defintion_delphi. Published paper: McCarthy, A. et al. 2024. Destructive fishing: An expert-driven definition and exploration of this quasi-concept. Conservation Letters. 2024;17:e13015 
URL https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13015
 
Title Eastern Cape Small -Scale Fishers Qualitative Dataset 
Description The One Ocean Hub's Coastal Justice Network has developed a dataset contains qualitative data generated from small-scale fishers group discussions in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, about their perspectives and priorities for marine spatial planning throughout 2023. This dataset includes data from the Coastal Justice Network's National Workshop for small-scale fishers in Gqeberha (25-26 October 2023), which aimed to support small-scale fisher leaders in engaging on issues pertaining to the Ocean Economy Master Plan (OEMP) and Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) and defending their rights as a sector in these processes. This workshop built on three Regional Workshops that were held earlier in 2023, focusing on these policy processes. A report titled "Anchoring small-scale fishers' rights: Our Ocean, Our Commons for a just future" containing the qualitative data was published online in October 2023 and shared with small-scale fisher networks (https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/CJN_SSF-national-workshop-Report_Dec23-1-1.pdf). 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact It is anticipated that small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa, and beyond will use the report in their engagements with ocean governance and policy processes (https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/CJN_SSF-national-workshop-Report_Dec23-1-1.pdf). Findings from the dataset has also been shared by Hub Country Director for South Africa, early-career researchers Taryn Pereira, at the following international events with human rights practitioners, representatives of governments and civil society organisations: • Transforming ocean conservation and sustainable use: rethinking blue economies in terms of environmental and socio-cultural justice, 13 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtg-afz5tnA). This event was attended by 38 participants. • IUCN Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy (CEESP) Reimagine Webinar Series: A Global Spotlight on Ocean Defenders, 29 November 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v11nLsazmaw&t=20s). This event was attended by 101 attendees. 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/CJN_SSF-national-workshop-Report_Dec23-1-1.pdf
 
Title Effectiveness of marine fisheries management in South Africa: fishermen survey dataset 
Description Questionnaires, consisting of 55 positive statements as to whether fisheries management in South Africa had changed in the last 5-10 years, from 39 participants involved in fisheries. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Data used to publish: Cochrane, K.L. 2020. A diagnosis of the status and effectiveness of marine fisheries management in South Africa based on two representative case studies. Marine Policy 112 (2020) 103774, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103774 
URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103774
 
Title Enhancing African coelacanth monitoring using environmental DNA 
Description Coelacanths are rare, elusive, ancient lobe-finned fish species, residing in poorly accessible tropical marine caves and requiring close monitoring and protection. Environmental DNA (eDNA) approaches are being increasingly applied in the detection of rare and threatened species. Here we devise an eDNA approach to detect the presence of African coelacanths (Latimeria chalumnae) off the eastern coast of South Africa. Novel coelacanth-specific primers were designed to avoid cross-amplification with other fish lineages and validated for specificity. These primers were tested on field samples, in conjunction with remotely operated vehicle (ROV) visual surveys. Samples were collected from a known coelacanth habitat and two adjacent slope habitats a few kilometers apart. Coelacanth DNA was detected from three of fifteen samples collected. Two of these positive eDNA detections occurred in the presence of coelacanths as evidenced by ROV footage, while the third positive detection was at a station where coelacanths had not been previously observed. Environmental DNA detections are discussed in relation to the species' metabolic rate, movement patterns and population size, as well as the local oceanographic features. We demonstrate that eDNA can provide a non-invasive method to extend the knowledge of coelacanth distribution ranges and boost research efforts around these iconic fishes. 
Type Of Material Data analysis technique 
Year Produced 2024 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact We demonstrate that eDNA can provide a non-invasive method to extend the knowledge of coelacanth distribution ranges and boost research efforts around these iconic fishes. Published paper: Oliver, J. et al. 2024. Enhancing African coelacanth monitoring using environmental DNA. Biol. Lett. 20: 20240415 
URL https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2024.0415
 
Title Exploring Temporal Variability in the Southern Benguela Ecosystem Over the Past Four Decades Using a Time-Dynamic Ecosystem Model 
Description This paper presents a new, updated, temporally dynamic Ecosim model for the Southern Benguela (1978-2015) by capturing recent advancements in our understanding of the dynamics and newly available data series from an additional decade of research in the region. The paper documents the model development and the thinking behind incorporating a newly available upwelling index, and observed fishing effort as important drivers of modeled ecosystem dynamics. 
Type Of Material Computer model/algorithm 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Published paper: Shannon, L.J. et al. 2020. Exploring temporal variability in the Southern Benguela ecosystem over the past four decades using a time-dynamic ecosystem model. Front. Mar. Sci., Sec. Marine Fisheries, Aquaculture and Living Resources, 7 - 2020 
URL https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00540.
 
Title Fleet based surplus production model: a new fish stock assessment model 
Description One Ocean Hub researchers including Dr Robin Cook and Professor Michael Heath (University of Strathclyde) and Dr Emmanuel Acheampong and Professor Joseph Aggrey-Fynn (University of Cape Coast) developed a new fish stock assessment modelling tool suited to catch and effort data available by fleet. This is a Bayesian statistical model that uniquely accounts for technological creep and therefore corrects for bias in existing methods that use fishery dependent data. It provides estimates of maximum sustainable yield which offers fishery managers advice on sustainable exploitation of coastal resources. Assessments of 11 stocks of fish in Ghana waters were developed and saved for further analysis. 
Type Of Material Data analysis technique 
Year Produced 2021 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Assessments of many West African fish stocks rely on fishery-dependent catch and effort data. Typically, these treat the catch data as error free and some assume that fishing power does not change over time. To address these issues, One Ocean Hub researchers Dr Robin Cook, Professor Michael Heath, Dr Emmanuel Acheampong and Professor Josep Aggrey-Fynn develop a fleet-based surplus production model that accounts for increases in fishing power. It allows errors both in effort and catch data, so avoiding the assumption that catch data are exact. Mean annual fleet fishing power increase can be estimated when data from multiple fleets are available, provided it can be specified for at least one fleet. The model is tested using simulated data and then applied to western stocks of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and bonga shad (Ethmalosa fimbriata) in the Fishery Committee for the Eastern Central Atlantic (CECAF) area. Both stocks appear to be over-exploited and near to collapse. Corrections for fishing power are important in the anchovy assessment and help to explain conflicting trends in the data. Uncertainty in the assessments is explored with a range of sensitivity tests. This model has enabled the detailed and robust assessment of the status of all fish stocks in Ghanaian waters for the first time. Dr Acheampong shared research findings and insights from this fish stock assessment model at a capacity building session for the UN-Nippon Fellows and Alumni - the majority of whom are government officials from 80 low-and-middle income countries - "Oceans and Climate Change: Impact and Adaptation" on 30 November 2020 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzR9cHUQ9WE; attended by 46 persons) and "Ocean and Climate Change: Building Adaptation, Mitigation, and Resilience" webinar on 27 September 2021, co-organised by One Ocean Hub for the UKRI Climate Adaptation and Resilience online series, (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPn_UmcAR4, attended by 113 persons). 
URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2021.106048
 
Title Ghana Ethnographic Pilot Study dataset 
Description Focus group discussions comprised 15 fish processors and mongers, and 14 fishermen, in June 25, 2019 with discussions held for 6 weeks, in the the Elmina Traditional Area located in the Komenda Edna Eguafo Abirem, in the Central Region of Ghana. Participants' responses on the closed season and the vulnerability outcomes were analysed as well as the livelihood adaptations by situating their conditions in their own social, political, cultural, subjective and experiential contexts. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact 2 published papers: Golo, H.K. and Erinosho, B. 2022. Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework. Marine Policy 147 (2023) 105349, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349 Ansah, J.W and Oduro, G.Y. 2024. Gender Dimensions of Vulnerabilities, Adaptations and Alternative Livelihoods of the Closed Season in Elmina - Ghana: A Qualitative Study. Coastal Management 52(4-5), 250-269, https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2024.2409055 
URL https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2024.2409055
 
Title Ghanaian mangrove deforestation and macrofaunal communities 
Description A data set describing the conditions and macrofaunal communities sampled at four sites along the coast of Ghana with different degrees of mangrove deforestation (Amanzule, Ankobra, Kakum, and Narkwa). 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2024 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Report 1: 'Impact of mangrove selective deforestation on estuarine benthic biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in Ghana.' (chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Mangrove-deforestation_REH_Benthic-Ecosystem-Functioning_OOH-deliverable.pdf) Report 2: 'Impact of mangrove selective logging upon estuarine trophodynamics in Ghana.' (chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/ANgrove-logging_REH_Trophic-Ecosystem-Functioning_OOH-deliverable.pdf) Papers in progress 
URL https://researchportal.hw.ac.uk/en/datasets/133f3635-803d-4a05-9caf-46a6004ff516
 
Title Grandmothers of the sea: Stories and lessons from five Xhosa ocean elders: interview dataset 
Description Interviews with five grandmothers of the sea in the Eastern Cape of South Africa between 2019-2023. These Grandmothers give clear testimonies and sophisticated analyses, in their own voices, of their relationality with the ocean across political, economic, social, ecological and spiritual nexus. Formal open-ended interviews were followed out in isiXhosa, their native language, focussing on five generative questions which include: (i) Who taught you how to fish and harvest?; (ii) What's your first memory or most interesting experience with the ocean?; (iii) In what way have you been excluded from ocean decision making and how has this exclusion affected your livelihood; and as well as finally, (v) What is your hope for the ocean? 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2024 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Book chapter published: Francis, B and McGarry, D. 2024. Chapter 12: Grandmothers of the sea: Stories and lessons from five Xhosa ocean elders . In: Chapter 12 in Tamara Shefer, Vivienne Bozalek, Nike Romano (eds) Hydrofeminist Thinking With Oceans: Political and Scholarly Possibilities. Routledge, London. ISBN 9781032408996 
 
Title Knowledge integration dataset 
Description Hub early-career researcher, Dr Nina Rivers (University of Strathclyde, UK and Nelson Mandela University, South Africa), is building a dataset of the knowledge from Namibia and Ghana across five distinctive clusters: (1) fisheries, (2) law and gender, (3) culture and heritage, (4) climate vulnerability, and (5) socio-economics. This dataset incorporates knowledge/findings, research gaps, synergies across countries and work packages, bright spots and legacy themes. This work has not been published yet. Dr Rivers is writing it up into a report. The dataset informs the legacy work going forward for the One Ocean Hub. It has also informed a Hub's knowledge integration writing workshop in February 2024, in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact Anticipated impacts include findings informing future papers, funding proposals, and a policy brief on research co-development. Although the tool is not published yet, key findings collated and captured by using this tool will be shared by Dr Nina Rivers and the Hub's team during the One Ocean Hub-led satellite event for the UN Ocean Science Decade Conference, as well as in a poster presentation by Dr Nina Rivers entitled 'Weaving it all together: Inter and transdisciplinary co-design of ocean science for a sustainable and equitable future - a case study from Ghana' for the same Conference (April 2024, Barcelona, Spain). This tool is also among various methods and tools co-developed by the Hub in its capacity as a UN Decade Implementing Partner on 'Transdisciplinary Toolbox for transformative Ocean Governance'. Therefore, the tool will further contribute to the UN Decade's approach for research co-development. 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/our-endorsement-as-implementing-partner-of-the-un-ocean-decade/
 
Title Lalela uLwandle Audience Feedback Dataset 
Description This research dataset is developed through Lalela uLwandle performance and post-performance dialogue. Lalela uLwandle is a research-based theatre performance and public dialogue event developed by a South African collective called Empatheatre, who are part of the One Ocean Hub. As part of the Empatheatre methodology, the performance was followed by a facilitated public-discussion with researchers, performers, decision-makers, and the audience on the themes that emerge from the play. In 2022 Lalela uLwandle had been performed 15 times throughout its tour across South Africa (Durban, Western Cape, and Eastern Cape) and once at UN Climate COP27 Capacity Building Hub (Blue Zone), Sharm el Sheikh, Egypt. Building on the success of the performance at COP27, in 2023 Lalela uLwandle was performed at the Closing Ceremony of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (2023) at the HQs of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome, and on the sidelines of the UN celebrations of World Oceans Day, together with an international première of our animation and live performance at the UN HQs in New York in June 2023 (https://bit.ly/3Mvfafa; https://bit.ly/3O83gcq). For details, see artistic product entry on Empatheatre Lalela uLwanldle. At all performances, a short feedback form is completed by the audience. The feedback form asks three questions: How did the play make you feel?; Are there any characters in the play you felt you could relate to? If so, why?; How should we make decisions about the oceans?. The feedback form data from the 2022 Lalela ulwandle performances in KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape and the Western Cape in South Africa have been added to this dataset, which now includes data spanning three years of performances: 875 forms in total. Parts of the 2019 and 2020 dataset have been analysed and published as findings in the book chapter: Erwin, K., Pereira, T., McGarry, D., Coppen, N. (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. The full dataset that includes the 2022 and 2023 performances will be used as data for a research report on arts-based methodologies for more inclusive ocean governance, which will also be submitted as a journal article in 2024. In 2023, a post-doctoral researcher has been brought on to research the development impacts of Lalela uLwandle. They analysed the collected data and carry out interviews with a wide range of stakeholders who have been involved and impacted by the production. In addition, the post-performance discussions of Lalela uLwandle have helped us identify new interdisciplinary research questions around inclusiveness and benefit-sharing in the establishment of Marine Protected Areas and the potential role for intangible cultural heritage in legal decisions on the ocean. They have also provided the groundwork for a new production, Umkhosi Wenala. Co-written by 13 young performers/activists from the Mbazwana Arts Centre, this play aims to create an innovative participatory decisionmaking space where rural youth can have a voice in the creation and management of Marine Protective Area. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2022 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Previous impacts in 2019/2020 include the use of data in litigation led by NGOs against offshore oil & gas exploration applications by energy companies in South Africa. The data was included in the appeal as evidence of ocean-related intangible cultural heritage, which received very little, if any, consideration in current decision-making processes on the ocean. Lalela uLwandle has been relied on as evidence of intangible cultural heritage in three separate court cases in South Africa (https://bit.ly/3BNm1dX), leading to an unprecedented recognition of cultural rights connected to the seabed and the need to protect procedural rights of Indigenous Peoples and small-scale fisheries in the context of licensing offshore oil and gas exploration (https://bit.ly/3IfGNGr). In 2022 results that have been interpreted and analysed were presented to marine scientists at the South African Marine Science Symposium to show how cultural and spiritual understandings of the ocean are important to consider in marine planning and conservation efforts. Lastly, the findings from the book chapter published in 2022 that analyses some of this dataset were presented at the UN World Ocean Week event "Blue Heritage: The Role of Ocean Art and Culture in Ocean Science and Management" on the 7 June 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGYDqEuAdj0; attended by 69 people) and at the UN Climate COP27 Capacity Building Hub on 14 November 2022, in Sharm el Sheikh, Egypt (See the recording of Land & Ocean Day of Capacity Building Hub here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7Vxk043HzY - Watch Lalela uLwandle from 09:10:27, attended by 34 people). The UNFCCC's Capacity-Building Hub moderators said "the Empatheatre performance felt like the most important experience they had had at COP27[it helped] feeling the problems, not just rationalising them." (https://bit.ly/3NpIDrt). The second international performance at FAO HQs in Rome in March 2023 was attended by 35 people. The live performance at the UN HQs in New York for World Oceans Day in 2023 was attended by a total of 102,000 people in person and virtually. In 2024, the Hub will share key findings of Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea) at the Hub-led satellite event for the UN Decade Conference 'Presenting Transdisciplinary Toolbox for transformative Ocean Governance' on 9 April 2024 in Barcelona, Spain, and at the Small-Scale Fisheries Summit on 5-7 July 2024 in Rome (https://bit.ly/3Mvfafa; https://bit.ly/3O83gcq). Overall, insights from Lalela uLwandle dataset have provided awareness raising and capacity building on inclusive ocean governance to 102,572 people from across 21 countries. 
URL https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20
 
Title List of Namibian Marine datasets 
Description The Hub research team developed a list of all marine datasets for Namibia that have been accessed during the project on "Blue Carbon Potential in Namibia" led by Namibia Nature Foundation and the South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute The aim of this work is to identify potential sources of Blue Carbon and associated Carbon Credits within Namibia including collating available information on existing and potential projects. In addition, to identify data needs and gaps, and as part of the broader project, to identify and collate relevant data and identify and engage with relevant stakeholders. A literature review of the subject has been conducted between April and July 2023 and circulated to members of the One Ocean Hub Namibia and stakeholders. Extensive consultation and web-based searches have been conducted to identify and collate potentially valuable data sources. The majority of data is available from a few key data repositories, notably the data layers developed as part of the Marine Spatial Planning process (Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources of Namibia, 2021), and the earlier Benguela Current Commission "BEHP" project (De Cauwer 2007) and the more recent Namibian Atlas project (Atlas of Namibia Team 2022). Prefix BEHP stands for projects that are managed by the Activity Centre for Biodiversity, Ecosystem Health and Pollution in Luanda, Angola. The list of Namibian Marine datasets has been published as a report titled "Blue carbon potential in Namibia - blue carbon habitat mapping report" in January 2024. This report was co-developed by Namibia Nature Foundation, the One Ocean Hub and the South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute. Key data repositories are listed in Table 1 of the report. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2024 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The list of datasets has been used by the Namibian Islands Marine Protected Area Project 
URL https://www.south-atlantic-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/web_OOH-SAERI-Namibia-Blue-Carbon...
 
Title Mapping of small-scale fishers' squid rights database 
Description This database is built by Hub researchers in South Africa based at Nelson Mandela University and Rhodes University. This database in Excel shows the distribution of small-scale fishers' rights over squid and interactions with various commercial companies, including analysis of shifts in the value of rights and income/livelihood derived by small-scale fisheries. At present, researchers are still collecting information to update the database to include data across three fishing seasons. Hub researchers Irna Senekal (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa), and Taryn Pereira Kaplan and early-career researcher Buhle Francis (Rhodes University, South Africa) are writing a comparative case study report and a peer-reviewed article derived from this database. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact Hub researchers have used some of the data to inform educational material with fishers and to provide inputs into a 2023 court case brought by commercial rights holders against the South Africa Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE) and small-scale fishers that have rights/permit to fish squid. In November 2019 and March 2020, South Africa's Department of Forestry, Fisheries and Environment granted small-scale fishing (SSF) rights to 72 SSF co-operatives in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. This was widely celebrated as a long-overdue milestone in the struggle for rights and recognition by small-scale and subsistence fishers in the province. However, this process was understood to be just the beginning of a journey, with a lot of expectations built regarding the kinds of support (financial investment, equipment, training and so on) that these newly formed co-ops would receive from the government to enable their transition from having rights on paper to utilising their rights in practice. From 2019 to 2024, the Hub research team in South Africa has worked with small-scale fishers' co-operatives to understand and address the specific challenges they were facing. More information is available at: https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/ 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/
 
Title Namibia's horizon scan survey- interviews with marine recreational fishers 
Description These data comprise responses of various stakeholders interviewed for the horizon scan survey work for Namibia 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2024 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Published paper: Gusha, N.M.C. et al. 2024. Horizon scan survey to identify key research questions to promote sustainability of the marine recreational fishery in Namibia. Fish Manag Ecol. 2024;00:e12709 
URL https://doi.org/10.1111/fme.12709.
 
Title OOH Ocean Cultural Heritage 2020-2022 dataset 
Description Qualitative data collected from Algoa bay-Kranshoek (Tsitsikamma), South Africa, collected between March 2022 - December 2022, 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2022 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Findings published as a book chapter: Thornton, J.L. and Pillay, R. 2022. 'Other' Social Consequences of Marine Protection in Tsitsikamma, South Africa. In: Boswell, R. et al. 2022. The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave, MacMillan Cham, ISBN 978-3-030-99346-7. 
 
Title Our Ocean Is Sacred You Can't Mine Heaven 
Description Our ocean is sacred, you can't mine heaven" was a slogan seen on placards held by protestors against seismic surveys and ocean oil and gas exploration along the South African West and East Coast in 2022-2023. The 2022-2023 High Court judgments in favour of small-scale fishers and communities over large-scale Oil and Gas companies, have sparked greater traction and public interest (and advocacy) against the rush towards oil and gas in the sea, and has, in its own way, created a new public conversation around ocean heritages, cultures, and livelihoods that are deeply entangled and related to the ocean. This slogan was used to title a Public Storytelling Project and radical an-archive, led in collaboration by Dr. Dylan McGarry (Environmental Learning Research Centre, ELRC) and Dr. Boudina McConnachie (International Library of African Music, ILAM), which surfaced sacred ocean cultures through art, some of which were used as evidence alongside small-scale fishers' affidavits and testimonies in court interdicts in 2022-2023. "Our Ocean is Sacred, you can't mine heaven" also became an in-person Exhibition, which was open to the public at the Zero Gallery, on the corner of Church and Berg Street, in Cape Town, South Africa, from 4 August to 30 September 2022. It was a curated exhibition funded by the One Ocean Hub's Deep Fund, Elephant in the Zoom (EITZ), and the National Arts Festival 2022 (https://www.cmm.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Our-Ocean-is-Sacred-Press-Release.pdf). Prior to this "Our Sacred Ocean," a monumental tapestry created by the Keiskamma Art Project, made its public debut as part of the South African National Arts Festival exhibition "Our Ocean is Sacred, You Can't Mine Heaven" from 23 June to 3 July 2022 (https://oneoceanhub.org/our-ocean-is-sacred-you-cant-mine-heaven/). Curated by Hub researcher Dylan McGarry, the exhibition was conceived during ongoing dialogue with academics, artists, scientists, traditional healers and knowledge holders, heritage specialists, activists, lawyers and passionate citizens who are working in solidarity to reframe narratives and policies regarding the ocean and its shared future. The exhibition also entailed a living classroom, which expanded ocean literacy beyond scientific debate into socio-cultural discourse towards ocean influences. Supported by Michaela Howse from Keiskamma Art Project and Luke Kaplan from Coastal Justice Network, ethnomusicologists, traditional healers, sociologists, poets, scientists, activists, lawyers, and citizens united to re-frame narratives about our oceans. McGarry & McConnachie (2022) assert: "tangible artworks made in solidarity with customary rights holders of their intangible heritages have now shown that they serve as evidence in court cases, challenging existing evidence hierarchies". Acting as an 'an-archive,' where engagement with the artifacts of agency and other ways of knowing, the project urges artists and storytellers to work with customary rights holders to translate these intangible heritages into tangible artworks, as this can reshape evidence hierarchies within judicial processes, asserting the exhibition as a library of meaningful evidence for ocean defenders. For detailed information on ocean defenders please see collaboration and partnership entry titled "Expanding alliances on ocean defenders. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact As mentioned above, some of the data "Our Ocean Is Sacred You Can't Mine Heaven" public story telling were used as evidence alongside small-scale fishers' affidavits and testimonies in court interdicts in 2022, leading to an unprecedented recognition of cultural rights connected to the seabed and the need to protect procedural rights of Indigenous Peoples and small-scale fisheries in the context of licensing offshore oil and gas exploration (https://bit.ly/3IfGNGr). As McGarry explained: "This event wasn't just an exhibition; it became a collaborative hub, inviting diverse backgrounds to engage with the central theme of the sacred ocean. Our multimedia approach aimed to support Indigenous communities in unveiling the intangible heritages of the ocean ethically. Collaborating with civil society groups like the Legal Resource Centre and Natural Justice, and working closely with Dr. Jackie Sunde, a Hub researcher from University of Cape Town, we strategically integrated early versions of artworks as appendices to the brave affidavits submitted by Small Scale Fisher leaders, the real heroes of this story." The development of this dataset also led to the Hub research team at Rhodes University, South Africa led by Dr Dylan McGarry, to engage with several schools, the Centre for Creative Education, and non-profit organisations such as The Beach Co-op (https://www.thebeachcoop.org/about-us/#our-story). It is estimated that the two exhibitions contributed to raising awareness and building the capacity of over 500 people. The exhibition was captured through virtual reality in collaboration with the Glasgow School of Art and opened online in December 2023 at https://my.matterport.com/show/?m=oSfnkYPp6as. In total 2240 people visited the exhibition in-person and 175 visited it online. In 2024 it will also be included in the One Ocean Learn knowledge-translation platform the the Hub is co-developing with UNITAR 
URL https://my.matterport.com/show/?m=oSfnkYPp6as
 
Title Pacific transdisciplinary indicators 
Description Transdisciplinary indicators for a suite of ocean development projects for the Pacific, collected March 2022 - December 2022. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2022 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact This methodology is used in one of the knowledge integration papers which is still being developed by a team of authors. 
 
Title Physiological data, skeletal dissolution and water parameters of a long-term multiple stressor aquarium experiment with the cold-water coral Desmophyllum pertusum dataset 
Description The Hub's research team based at the University of Edinburgh conducted a long-term (6-month) multiple stressor aquarium experiment with the cold-water coral Desmophyllum pertusum (syn. Lophelia pertusa) under future environmental conditions. The experiment with live corals consisted of four different treatments to investigate the combined effect of ocean acidification, warming, deoxygenation and food limitation on their physiology: "control" (9 °C, pH 8.1, 100 % oxygen, 100 % food availability), "multiple stressor with high feeding" (12 °C, pH 7.7, 90 % oxygen, 100 % food availability), "multiple stressor with low feeding" (12 °C, pH 7.7, 90 % oxygen, 50 % food availability) and "reduced oxygen" (9 °C, pH 8.1, 90 % oxygen, 100 % food availability). The physiological response (mortality, growth and respiration rates) of the live corals was determined every 6 weeks over one year. In a parallel experiment, they also examined the dissolution rate of dead coral skeletons in response to the combined effect of ocean acidification, warming and deoxygenation ("control" and "multiple stressor" treatment) and under three different ocean acidification scenarios (pCO2: 750, 1000 and 1250 ppm). Water parameters (temperature, salinity, pH and oxygen concentration) were measured five times per week in every coral tank. In the meantime, we have published parts of this dataset with the data collected over the first 6 months of the experiment: • Physiological data: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.965082 • Mortality rates: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.965083 • Skeletal dissolution rates: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.965098 • Water parameters: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.965080 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2024 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact The data from our long-term multiple stressor experiment will improve our understanding of how cold-water corals will be affected by future environmental changes and how ocean acidification affects their skeletal integrity and the framework of cold-water coral reefs. Ultimately, this will allow us to predict which ecosystems will be at risk and to quantify the habitat loss under different ocean acidification scenarios. Furthermore, the information on the expected change in habitat complexity of cold-water coral reefs and the extent of potential loss of associated biodiversity will inform governmental organisations to contribute to the decision-making process for conservation measures in the deep-sea. 
URL https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.965082
 
Title Principles for transformative ocean governance: questionnaires 
Description Questionnaires from Lombard et al. 2023 Principles for transformative ocean governance 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Published paper: Lombard, A.T. et al. 2023. Principles for transformative ocean governance. Nature Sustainability volume 6, 1587-1599 
URL https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-023-01210-9.
 
Title Richards Bay (South Africa) Small-Scale Fisheries Dataset 
Description Hub early-career researcher Aphiwe Moshani (University of Cape Town, South Africa) has developed the 'Richards Bay (South Africa) small-scale fisheries dataset' as part of her doctoral research. This dataset consists of two sets of household survey data, oral history interview data, and focus group data that has collected during a series of field trips in Richards Bay on November 2021 and October 2022. Aphiwe Moshani's data collection has specifically focused on two coastal communities in Richards Bay - Gubethuka and Ndindima communities. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact Although the dataset has not been published, it has informed the intervention made by Hub early-career researchers Dr Philile Mbatha and Aphiwe Moshani (Cape Town University, South Africa) at the global consultation organized by the UN Environment Programme, titled "Towards a common understanding of the support to Environmental Human Rights Defenders (EHRDs) concept" in May 2021. Dr Mbatha and Ms Moshani shared their research findings on the role of small-scale fishing communities as EHRDs, bringing in perspectives also on traditional knowledge and customary rights, including in the context of the creation of marine protected areas. Dr Mbatha and Moshani began their presentation by providing an overview of the expansion of blue economy interventions of the coast, and how their implementation tends to focus on neoliberal objectives at the expense of social ones. The displacement and disempowerment of many traditional fishers on the northern parts of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), Dube and Mkhwanazi, due to the continuation of a mining lease in the Zulti South Mining Lease Area in 2019, was used as an example. The mining lease covers the coastal area between the south of Richards Bay and the uMhlathuze river and the north of Port Dunford extending 20km of this coast and has destroyed small-scale fishing grounds, displaced 645 people and 79 households, and further displaced additional 586 households. They also drew attention to the harassment and killing of EHRDs (https://oneoceanhub.org/one-ocean-hub-highlights-role-and-needs-of-small-scale-fishers-at-un-consultations-on-environmental-human-rights-defenders/). Although the dataset has not been published yet in a peer-reviewed outlet, Aphiwe Moshani has shared insights from the dataset in 2023 and 2024 on the Hub's podcast 'Gender and the ocean' (https://oneoceanhub.org/podcast-on-gender-and-the-ocean/) and a Learning Pathway 'Ocean, culture and cultural heritage' for the One Ocean Learn, an innovative online knowledge-translation platform that the Hub is co-developing with the UN Institute for Training and Research (https://oneoceanhub.org/new-learning-pathway-ocean-culture-and-cultural-heritage-published-on-one-ocean-learn/). In the podcast, Aphiwe talks about women's knowledge of the ocean, their distinctive ocean-related practices, including seaweed harvesting, and the challenges they face, from experiencing and witnessing climate change, to their struggle to ensure gender equality in the context of the blue economy. The Learning Pathway focuses on the interlinkages of the ocean, culture and cultural heritage - exploring ocean-related cultural values, history, heritage, and Indigenous and local knowledge systems. Among other issues, the Learning Pathway discusses how Indigenous and local ocean knowledge and cultural heritage, particularly intangible cultural heritage, as often underrepresented in ocean governance processes, such as Marine Spatial Planning and Marine Protected Areas, highlighting the need for their integration into ocean management approaches. The datasets collected are a central point of Aphiwe Moshani (University of Cape Town, South Africa) thesis. Following her thesis submission and examination she will be using some of the dataset for a number of publications in the year 2024. 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/one-ocean-hub-highlights-role-and-needs-of-small-scale-fishers-at-un-consult...
 
Title Sampling Effort Metadata for the Central and South Atlantic Offshore and Deep-Sea Benthos 
Description Biological sampling effort in the South Atlantic dataset is composed of historical records of where biological sampling has been carried out in the South Atlantic. The biological sampling effort in the South Atlantic dataset carried out under the One Ocean Hub fed into a larger dataset titled 'Sampling Effort Metadata for the Central and South Atlantic Offshore and Deep-Sea Benthos' (https://zenodo.org/record/7381493#.Y_jKrXbP2uV). The metadata has been published, with an initial embargo period until 31 May 2023. Thereafter, the database will be open access. Metadata containing information on the sampling of benthic taxa in =>30 m water depth in the Central and South Atlantic. This data was compiled as part of a baseline review of the science, policy and management of the region (Bridges et al. in press). Metadata was compiled from sources identified through a literature search and information provided by members of the Challenger 150 Central and South Atlantic Regional Scientific Research Working Group. The database has been included in a paper reviewing the science, policy and management of the Central and South Atlantic (Bridges et al. in press). The full reference of the paper is as follow: Bridges. A.E.H., Howell, K.L., Amaro, T., Atkinson, L., Barnes, D.K.A., Bax, N., Bell, J.B., Bernardino, A.F., Beuck, L., Braga-Henriques, A., Brandt, A., Bravo, M.E., Brix, S., Butt, S., Carranza, A., Doti, B.L., Elegbede, I.O., Esquete, P., Freiwald, A., Gaudron, S.M., Guilhon, M., Hebbeln, D., Horton, T., Kainge, P., Kaiser, S., Lauretta, D., Limongi, P., Mcquaid, K.A., Milligan, R.J., Miloslavich, P., Narayanaswamy, B.E., Orejas, C., Paulus, S., Pearman, T.R.R., Perez, J.A., Ross, R.E., Saeedi, H., Shimabukuro, M., Sink, K., Stevenson, A., Taylor, M., Titschack, J., Vieira, R.P., Vinha, B. & Wienberg, C. "Review of the Central and South Atlantic Shelf and Deep-Sea." in Benthos: Science, Policy and Management. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, published in 2023. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The development of this dataset supports the aims of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, particularly capacity development, ocean literacy and technology transfer for implementing Sustainable Development Goal 14 - Life below water. The production of this novel tool paved the way for the formal endorsement of the One Ocean Hub research on deep-sea ecosystems as a new Decade Action under Challenger 150 on 3 June 2022 from the UN Decade of Ocean Science. This metadatabase also fed into a review of the South and Central Atlantic published in 2023. Hub researchers at the University of Plymouth will present findings, experience, and practices of the Hub deep-sea research, including insights from this dataset at the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona, Spain in April 2024 as part of a satellite event titled "Deepening the Decade" to be held at the Banquet Hall of the Conference, Barcelona, Spain co-organised in collaboration with Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI). Findings from this dataset were shared at various international events, including the UN World Oceans Day and UN Climate COP26 in Glasgow, UK and COP27 in Sharm-El Sheikh, Egypt. They provided capacity building to a total of 605 persons from diverse professional background including government officials, private sector, regional and international organisations, civil society and researchers. For further details please read collaboration and partnership entry titled "MARINE HABITAT MAPPING IN THE SOUTH-EAST ATLANTIC." 
URL https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003363873/chapters/10.1201/9781003363873-5
 
Title Small-scale Fisher Interviews during COVID 2020 by OOH Coastal Justice Network South Africa 
Description 15 Narrative Transcripts of interviews with Small-scale Fishers in South Africa 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2021 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Published paper: Sowman et al. 2021. Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa. Marine Policy 133, November 2021, 104713 
URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713
 
Title Specialist spearfishers' ecological knowledge of Oplegnathus conwayi in South Africa 
Description Two main datasets: 1) Oplegnathus conwayi specimens were collected monthly between Kenton-on-Sea and East London by research spearfishing between February 2019 and January 2020. In addition, local affiliated spearfishing club members (Border Undersea Club and Gully Jumpers) and unaffiliated spearfishers were asked to donate their catches for biological sampling. 2) A google form survey was distributed nationwide. It was divided into two components, the first questioned participants on the fish species they targeted and specific questions on O. conwayi, while the second component focused on the demographics of spearfishers themselves, including questions designed to determine their level of specialisation 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Added knowledge regarding a data deficient species. Published a paper: Foster, R.M. et al. 2023. Specialist spearfishers' ecological knowledge provides accurate information that improves the description of the reproduction of a data-deficient species, Oplegnathus conwayi in South Africa. Fisheries Research 257, January 2023, 106513 
URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2022.106513.
 
Title St Helena Bay (South Africa) Small-Scale Fisheries Database 
Description This database is developed by Hub researchers based at the University of Cape Town, South Africa in partnership with a local small-scale fisher community. It includes data on small-scale fishers' fishing areas and practices, livelihoods, ecological knowledge and cultural heritage, arising from the on-going, community-based participatory research process in St. Helena Bay, South Africa and comprises both quantitative and qualitative data obtained through a range of methods including a household survey, focus groups, fisher individual and group mapping and individual interviews and observation. The database has not been published yet. A technical report is in progress (Sunde, Sowman, Nthane and Lambrecht, 2023, see: https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ ). Although the database has not been published yet, fisher geo-referenced maps and the methodology used to develop these have been shared with selected scientists as part of an on-going national research process to ensure that small-scale fishers are represented in the National Marine Spatial Planning database. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact Information from the database was used by Hub researcher Dr Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), to inform two affidavits submitted as part of the Application for an interdict against the company SEARCHER GEODATA, asking the High Court to withdraw the authorization granted to SEARCHER to conduct a seismic survey off the West Coast of South Africa for offshore oil and gas exploration. In the environmental management report submitted by the environmental consultants acting for SEARCHER, the 'Expert Fisheries Report' failed to identify the impacts of the proposed survey on the small-scale fishers of the West Coast. It failed to include key data about the key species that they catch, as well as their fisheries-related cultural heritage. Using the data gathered in the One Ocean Hub's St Helena Bay project, Hub researcher, Dr Jackie Sunde, assisted one of the fisher leaders in developing the founding affidavit (Christian Adams and Others versus the Minister and Others 1306/2022 available at https://cer.org.za/virtual-library/judgments/high-courts/christian-john-adams-others-v-minister-of-mineral-resources-and-energy-others-west-coast-seismic-blasting-part-a-interdict-march-2022 ). In the second affidavit (Sunde 2022), the researcher outlined information on the small-scale fisheries on the West Coast, drawing considerable information from the information collected as part of the process of building the database. The applicants were successful in this case: the point made about the expert reports failing to address the issue of a specific species called snoek, was one of the grounds for the application for an interdict being granted. Further indication of the impact of intervention could be found in a new 2022 application for oil and gas exploration off the West Coast, where the same fisheries expert has written a new 'Fisheries Expert Report (TEEPSA 567 Capmarine 2022)' in which he references Dr Sunde's publication (Sunde 2016), which was cited in the affidavit (Sunde 2022). This indicated clearly that the expert was informed by the affidavit. Further, in the new 'Expert Report', the expert changes the approach to the distance travelled by small-scale fishers that was used in the first report, provides extensive information on the key species of the small-scale fishers that was raised in Sunde 2022, and Adams affidavit, and the expert notes the cultural importance of small-scale fisheries and the need to adopt a precautionary approach, noting that there is new information about small-scale fisheries. This clearly shows the impact of Hub researcher' interventions using data from this new, albeit as yet unpublished, database. As yet unpublished SSF geo-referenced spatial maps in the growing dataset are also being used to inform transdisciplinary research conducted with the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), to develop a methodology to include small-scale fisheries data in the national marine spatial and biodiversity planning dataset. For more information about the affidavits and expert reports please see the following documents that are available here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/bqog6s4mgmack63rm3j5m9ajlj. Building upon this dataset, in 2023-2024 Hub researchers based at the University of Cape Town are leading the development of "Making space for small-scale fishers: Community-based, participatory GIS linked mapping tool." This will be reported under a separate entry for tool and method. 
 
Title St Helena Bay Household Survey Supplementary Dataset 
Description The Hub research team at the University of Cape Town, South Africa, led by Dr Jackie Sunde has developed a dataset from a supplementary survey conducted with 77 small-scale fishers in the St Helena Bay region of South Africa. The dataset identifies the small-scale fishers' income from fishing, target species and culturally significant species of small-scale fishers. It has not yet been published, as it continues to be a work in progress. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact Anticipated impacts include better recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights and their cultural heritage in fisheries management and conservation. Insights from this dataset will be shared by the Hub research team from the University of Cape Town at the Small-Scale Fisheries Summit in Rome in July 2024. 
 
Title State Ocean Jurisdiction model 
Description The model developed by Hub researcher Prof Patrick Vrancken (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) provides a novel legal analytical approach to understand States' ocean jurisdiction. The model focuses on the form, the ground, the scope and the purpose of State ocean jurisdiction. Defining jurisdiction as the international-law authority of a State to be involved in a factual matter on the basis of a valid legal ground to perform authoritative acts impacting on that matter, it disaggregates the complexity of the concept, which often leads to States failing to make full use of their existing ocean jurisdictions. In the process, it identifies when and to what extent there are gaps and overlaps of jurisdictions. Ten key messages from this model includes: (1) There is no part of the ocean that is actually "beyond national jurisdiction." (2) A State's ocean jurisdiction can be either legislative, executive or adjudicative, and these jurisdictions are intricately related. (3) State ocean jurisdiction is linked to governance on land. (4) Territoriality has a much greater role to play on land than in the ocean, where several other grounds of jurisdiction exist. (5) A coastal State has a range of ocean jurisdictions, including its coastal zone jurisdictions. (6) The extents of the various grounds of jurisdiction differ. (7) The extents of the various ocean jurisdictions overlap in many situations. (8) Most States do not make full use of the authority that international law confers on them to be involved in ocean governance. (9) In many instances, a State has the option of delegating the exercise of its ocean jurisdiction to one or more other States. (10) International law is placing an increasing number of limits to the purpose for which States may or must exercise their ocean jurisdictions. These key messages and explanatory notes were published online in 2023 at: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-ten-things-you-need-to-know-about-state-ocean-jurisdiction/. A policy brief addressed to national authorities is going to be published in 2024. The analytical model has been published in 2023 as an open-access book: Vrancken P. (2023). State Ocean Jurisdiction. London: Routledge. Available from https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003383871 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Bringing clarity on an inevitably complex and often misunderstood legal framework of state jurisdiction, the analytical model lays the foundation for future legal research, contextualising the position of State ocean jurisdiction not only in terms of ocean governance, but in the whole of public international law. Insights from this model will contribute to Hub's research and engagement with non-academic stakeholders to strengthen low-and-middle-income countries capacity in the implementation of High Seas Treaty adopted on 19 June 2023 in New York (https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXI-10&chapter=21&clang=_en). The Hub has been invited by the UN Development Programme Archipelagic and Island States Forum to co-develop capacity building programme to assist small-islands developing states (SIDS) in the South Pacific to implement the High Seas Treaty together with the UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea and the European Commission in mid or later part of 2024. For detailed information, please refer to the collaboration and partnership entry titled "Strengthening synergies across Sustainable Development Goals." Prof Vrencken's book was cited in the first report on ocean and human rights prepared by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe in 2023 (Committee on Social Affairs, Health and Sustainable Development: "Towards Council of Europe healthy seas and oceans strategies against the climate crisis": AS/Soc (2023) 28 ) 
URL https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003383871
 
Title StrathE2E Model 
Description StrathE2E is a marine food web and fisheries model for shelf seas. It has been published as an R package in 2021 and an online app in 2022. This is an end-to-end model which (1) represents the entire marine food web and the associated abiotic environment, (2) involves the integration of physical and biological processes at different scales, (3) implements two-way interaction between ecosystem components and (4) accounts for the dynamic forcing effect of climate change and human impacts at multiple trophic levels. It allows users to investigate potential impact of management decisions on marine ecosystem health and production. A model for the Ghana ecosystem is available online, see here: https://outreach.mathstat.strath.ac.uk/apps/StrathE2EApp/ Read more about StrathE2E here: https://www.marineresourcemodelling.maths.strath.ac.uk/strathe2e/articles/Implementation_The_Ghanaian_Shelf.html. 
Type Of Material Computer model/algorithm 
Year Produced 2022 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The aim of the model is to represent the entire interconnected marine ecosystem from physics and chemistry through microbes and plankton, to whales and fisheries in continental shelf regions. StrathE2E marine ecosystem model for Ghana simulates catches of fish from the Ghana ecosystem by the different fleets and how this responds to climate change and fisheries management. The model has been published online for anyone to use. StrathE2E simplifies ecology and space to be accessible. This means the model is speedy, versatile, and easily changed and could be used by relevant stakeholders to develop fisheries management policy. This fisheries decision-support tool for Ghana was updated in October 2023 and presented to members of the Ghanaian parliamentary committee for Fisheries (an estimate of 50 attendees). It has been published online (https://outreach.mathstat.strath.ac.uk/apps/GhanaTest/) but not through a peer-review outlet. Hub researchers have also organised training on the use of StrathE2E at: (1) The annual science meeting for Mission Atlantic on 21October 2022, that brought together researchers and local policy partners from Norway, Ireland, the Azores, the Canary Islands, Western Sahara, Senegal, Brazil, Ascension Island, St Helena, and South Africa (an estimate of 50 attendees); (2) The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland's fisheries forum on 7 February 2023, which was attended by academics and representatives of Marine Scotland and the Scottish Fishermen's Federation (an estimate of 50 attendees); and (3) the European Maritime Day on 24 May 2023 in Brest, France, which was organised by the European Commission and was attended by a mixed audience of industry and government representatives (an estimate of 100 attendees). We estimate that the outreach activities to introduce this model to relevant stakeholders to develop fisheries management policy have reached 250 people in Ghana, Norway, Ireland, the Azores, the Canary Islands, Western Sahara, Senegal, Brazil, Ascension Island, St Helena, South Africa and France. 
URL https://outreach.mathstat.strath.ac.uk/apps/StrathE2EApp/
 
Title Survey on Small-Scale Fisheries in Durban Dataset 
Description Hub researcher Dr Kira Erwin (Durban University of Technology/groundwork, South Africa) developed dataset of survey responses from 157 fishers in the city of Durban who are not yet recognised as small-scale fishers. This research feeds into a Task Team set up by the South Africa National Minister of the Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries (DEFF) to assist in including them into the policy regime. Drawing from this dataset, a research report was handed to the Government of South Africa on 25 January 2024. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2024 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact The presentation of the research report that contained findings from the dataset directly contributed to an agreement with the Small-Scale Fisheries Directorate of DEFF to submit an application for interim measures to the National Minister (including exemption permits for small-scale fishers) while the government works out how best to recognise fishers in the city of Durban who are not yet recognised as small-scale fishers and allocate their rights. Task Team of DEFF on 4 March 2024 recommended to the Minister of DFFE to (1) note the recommendations outlined for DFFE in the research report (Fishing without Rights report, https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/ih6iqg7dqb2dag0ber8v3pekfp); (2) exempt the list of identified fishers form Section 18 of the ) Marine Living Resources Act (3) exempt fishers from a process of recognition and allocation of rights in terms of Reg 4 in the Small-Scale Fisheries Policy; (4) set up co-management structures within the area to ensure that the principles of co-management in the small-scale fisheries policy are realised; and (5) enable and support the establishment of a constitution and relevant bylaws to align to the Kwa Zulu Natal context so that these constitutions are fit for purpose to the local context (https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/d3jvcnngbo4lob049jktaaeu2q). 
URL https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/ih6iqg7dqb2dag0ber8v3pekfp
 
Title The Algoa Marine Systems Analysis Tool (AlgoaMSAT): an exploratory framework and simulation model 
Description One Ocean Hub early-career researcher Estee Vermeulen (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) developed the Algoa Marine Systems Analysis Tool (AlgoaMSAT) co-funded by the Hub and the Algoa Bay project (https://www.algoabayproject.com/). AlgoaMSAT is an exploratory framework and simulation model that uses system dynamics modelling (SDM) to facilitate and support marine spatial planning (MSP). SDMs incorporate temporal dimensions, and thereby can support MSP processes by evaluating changes in human use dynamics and interconnections, possible synergies and conflicts between human uses, as well as between human uses and requirements for marine health. As a management framework, the exploratory tool provides a holistic, cross-sectoral overview of human use dynamics in terms of sustainable management, and as a simulation model, it provides a platform for scenario and trade-off analyses in relation to sustainable use of the bay. Moreover, the framework and the model provide a communication tool, which can be used to facilitate collaborative stakeholder engagement and provide strategic guidance and decision-support to MSP. The model boundary of AlgoaMSAT consists of six sub-models. Five of these represent selected marine uses in Algoa Bay, whereas the sixth sub-model integrates the outputs from each marine use in terms of sustainable management outputs. An additional output of the AlgoaMSAT is the Visual User Interface (VUI). The VUI has been developed for the purpose of providing a 'user-friendly' portal to engage with the model, specifically for users who are unfamiliar with the method of system dynamics modeling or do not have access to the model software. Decision-makers or stakeholders can therefore investigate model scenarios by tweaking the inclusive model levers. The VUI can additionally be applied in a multi-sectoral stakeholder setting, whereby stakeholders in the different marine sectors can implement alternative management interventions and thereby compare scenarios. The VUI has been developed to provide a user-friendly portal to engage with the model. Decision-makers or stakeholders can therefore investigate model scenarios by adjusting the inclusive model variables through levers on the interface. The VUI can additionally be used in a collaborative stakeholder setting, whereby stakeholders representing different institutions or areas of the problem can implement alternative management interventions to investigate tourism recovery strategies in Nelson Mandela Bay, similar to what was demonstrated during the group stakeholder workshop. The Nelson Mandela Bay COVID-Tourism interface has been published online on the isee systems model exchange platform in 2022. For further details read the following articles: Vermeulen-Miltz, E., Clifford-Holmes, J. K., Scharler, U. M., & Lombard, A. T. (2023). A system dynamics model to support marine spatial planning in Algoa Bay, South Africa. Environmental Modelling & Software 160, 105601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2022.105601 Vermeulen-Miltz, E., Clifford-Holmes, J.K., Lombard, A.T., Snow, B. (2023). Coastal Tourism Recovery amid COVID-19: Insights from a Participatory System Dynamics Approach. Tour. Hosp. 4, 435-450. https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp4030027 Vermeulen-Miltz, E.; Clifford-Holmes, J.K.; Snow, B.; Lombard, A.T. 2022. Exploring the Impacts of COVID-19 on Coastal Tourism to Inform Recovery Strategies in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa. Systems 2022, 10(4), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10040120 
Type Of Material Computer model/algorithm 
Year Produced 2021 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The Algoa Marine Systems Analysis model received first place in two prestigious competitions including the 4th Annual South African System Dynamics competition and the Global Challenges University Alliance (GCUA 2030) Award in 2021. The system dynamics model quantitatively measures the interactions among five industries in the bay and their relationships with marine health, marine wealth and marine labour. Local authorities including Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality and the tourism sector have expressed interest about the use of the model. It is anticipated that stakeholders involved in the process including representatives from the tourism sector, local government, accommodation groups, and local tourism operators can identify leverage points and management interventions from the stance of the local municipality to provide decision-support and inform post COVID 19 pandemic tourism recovery strategies. The base model was used to develop the tourism sub model on COVID 19 recovery. The model has formed the basis for the ecosystem services work and systems models and scenarios, output to follow in the future areas feeds into various aspects of Algoa Bay research. Estee was awarded her PhD demonstrating capacity building to early career researcher from the Global South. 
URL https://www.algoabayproject.com/abcodym
 
Title The South African Marine Biodiversity Reference Image Collection 
Description The South African Marine Biodiversity Reference Image Collection is a database of benthic invertebrate morphospecies observed from underwater visual surveys. The database was developed in South Africa by Hub researcher Dr Kerry Sink (South Africa National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa) with support from Professor Kerry Howell (University of Plymouth, UK) and draws from the SMarTaR-ID framework for cataloguing representative marine fauna observed in situ. For detailed explanation on SMarTaR-ID framework please see a separate entry under method and tool section titled "SMarTaR-ID Web Portal and South Atlantic species catalogue." This framework aligns with the Darwin metadata standards, ensures standardised naming of taxa and allows for dataset integration and comparability. The South African reference image database currently has more than 500 operational taxonomic units across 14 phyla of marine invertebrates from remotely operated vehicle surveys from the eastern margin of South Africa. Future endeavours will continue to add to this database from new remotely operated vehicle surveys and other underwater camera platforms such as towed camera's, baited remote underwater video and benthic landers. In addition, the identity of each morphospecies will be verified by local and international experts. After the verification process, this reference image database will then be made freely available and accessible online to support future research, student theses, practitioners with environmental impact assessments and enhance foundational biodiversity data collected in the Southern African region. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact Anticipated impacts include support to environmental impact assessments in the Southern African region. This database also supports the aims of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, particularly capacity development, ocean literacy and technology transfer for implementing Sustainable Development Goal 14 - Life below water. In October 2023, the Hub has been endorsed as a UN Ocean Decade Implementing Partner, focusing on transdisciplinary research. Hub researchers at the University of Plymouth will present findings, experience and practices of the Hub deep-sea research at the UN Ocean Science Decade Conference in Barcelona, Spain in April 2024 as part of a satellite event titled "Deepening the Decade" in collaboration with Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI). 
 
Title The dataset on microplastics: Quantity and identity of plastics in mangroves and beaches 
Description The dataset on microplastics is currently being worked on and added to by Hub researchers based at the Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), UK and the University of Cape Coast, Ghana. The dataset contains number of particles and the polymer type of these particles. It quantifies the level of micro/meso plastic found on water and sediment from four different mangrove regions in Ghana during the wet season. Once it is completed the data will be published with Hub colleagues from Ghana and will be made available to all. Colleagues at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana will also have access to this data and can use it within Ghana to support additional grant capture, or to demonstrate to policymakers/stakeholders the levels of plastics and types during different time points. The database is based on best practices developed to standardise the classification of microplastics in the environment. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact Anticipated impact rests on the availability of data for fisheries-human health research, with potential impacts on livelihoods. In addition, this knowledge will help inform future research needs on micro and nano plastics. The preliminary findings from the dataset have been shared at the following international events: - International Maritime Week - Day 3 "Marine Pollution" on 23 September 2020 co-organised with the Indonesian Embassy in London and the International Maritime Organization (attended by 82 people); - UN Climate COP26 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on demand event titled "One Health, the Ocean and Climate Change" on 30 October - 1 December 2021 available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GgxUNy5GZEI viewed by 141 people; and - a side-event "One Health, the Ocean and Climate Change at Climate COP27," Health Pavilion, Sharm-El Sheikh, Egypt on 16 November 2022 attended by 20 people. In total these events raise awareness and built the capacity of 243 people on microplastics from diverse professional background including policy makers, private sector, civil society, international organisations, researchers and students. In 2024, Hub researchers based at SAMS and the University of Cape Coast are working on two peer-research articles based on the dataset, titled (1) "Invisible Peril: Assessing microplastic pollution in Ghanaian mangroves" and (2) "Trapped in the sandy and roots: Plastics in Ghana's mangrove and coast ecosystems." 
 
Title The emergence of marine recreational drone fishing: Regional trends and emerging concerns - fishermen survey dataset 
Description Online evidence suggests that there has been an increase in interest of using unmanned aerial vehicles or drones during land-based marine recreational fishing. In the absence of reliable monitoring programs, this study used unconventional publicly available online monitoring methodologies to estimate the growing interest, global extent, catch composition and governance of this practice. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2024 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Hub researcher Alexander Winkler (Rhodes University, South Africa) conducted innovative research on the sustainability and social impacts of drone fishing, which led to a ban in South Africa. Publication: Winkler, A. et al. 2024. The emergence of marine recreational drone fishing: Regional trends and emerging concerns. Ambio 2022, 51:638-651, We have documented the impact story at https://oneoceanhub.org/sounding-the-alarm-on-the- use-of-drones-for-recreational-fishing-in-south-af rica/ 
URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01578-y
 
Title The trophic model of Algoa Bay - Modeling climate change impacts on the South African marine system and fisheries 
Description The marine fisheries sector in South Africa plays an important role in food security for small-scale and subsistence fishers. Climate-driven impacts have resulted in distribution shifts and declines in abundance of important fisheries targets, with negative consequences to the users dependent on these resources (reviewed in Ortega-Cisneros et al., 2021). Hub researchers from the University of Cape Town and Nelson Mandela University, Dr Lynnne Shannon and Dr Kelly Ortega Cisneros, developed ecosystem models to predict the impacts of climate change on fisheries and develop and test adaptation scenarios. They used the Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE, version 6.6.6) and Atlantis modelling frameworks to develop and test scenarios for climate change fisheries adaptation. These models allow for the creation of simple or complex models of the trophic flows of an ecosystem, providing an overview of feeding interactions and resources contained in the system. Both the Atlantis and EwE modelling frameworks have been used for strategic purposes, e.g. to test what if? scenarios. These models and scenarios are critical for adaptation since they can predict the potential impacts of climate change and other stressors to marine ecosystems and resource users. These predictions can be used to inform users of potential future scenarios, that can in turn help them prepare to these impacts and increase their readiness to adapt. These models and scenarios are innovative because they produce a novel application of the temporally dynamic Ecosim model for Algoa Bay, as well as spatio-temporal dynamic model (Ecospace), by gathering recent advancements in our understanding of the dynamics and available data series from research in Algoa Bay. The models and scenarios show promise in improving the understanding of cumulative pressures in Algoa Bay, including climate change, as well as the predicted impacts of climate change in the southern Benguela system using two different ecosystem models. This is important in reconciling knowledge needed to manage fisheries and to protect marine biodiversity by means of ecosystem-based management in South Africa, and to advance management advice under future scenarios of climate change (Shannon et.al 2020). The Ecospace model of the Southern Benguela itself is a spatial-temporal ecosystem model that has been developed in partnership with the TRIATLAS H2020 project. The model is under final calibration and the paper will be submitted for publication by mid-2024. 
Type Of Material Computer model/algorithm 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact An Ecopath with Ecosim model of Algoa Bay was developed and fitted to catch and abundance time series for the period 2010-2019. Model simulations were run to explore the ecosystem benefits of the Addo Elephant National Park Marine Protected Area. The model serves as a basis for future spatialised trophic modelling of the Algoa Bay, in support of spatial management. Significance of the models and scenarios developed by Hub researchers has been recognised at the regional and international levels, through invited policy brief and presentations to the Nairobi Convention for the Western Indian Ocean (February 2021), the UN Ocean Science Decade series on Predictable Ocean: Science and Solutions for a Safe and Predicted Ocean (September 2021), the UKRI Climate Adaptation and Resilience online series (September 2021) and the UN Climate COP26 Virtual Ocean Pavilion (2021 that reached over 500 people. For detailed information on individual events and access to the video recordings, please see the collaboration and partnership entry titled "MODELLING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON THE SOUTH AFRICAN MARINE SYSTEM AND FISHERIES." The ecosystem models and scenarios will help the fishing industry prepare for climate change and ultimately assist to prioritise resources to ensure the industry remains resilient or to find alternatives to diversify and remain viable. Several adaptation options have been proposed for the small pelagics fishery by the right holders and the findings of this study hope to help with prioritising those adaptation options by identifying which elements are more at risk and need the highest attention. By doing so, this project contributes to sustaining livelihoods for the more than 5000 people from different local communities depending on small pelagic fishery (https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00540; https://doi.org/10.2989/1814232X.2022.2080268). Research findings, practices, and experiences from using the trophic model of Algoa Bay will be shared by Dr Lynnne Shannon through her poster on "Modelling marine climate-fishery-conservation scenarios in southern Africa" at the World Biodiversity Forum that will take place in Davos, Switzerland, on 16-21 June 2024. 
URL https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00540
 
Title Transformative governance for an innovative and sustainable blue society in Namibia dataset 
Description Hub researchers at the University of Namibia, Namibia, collected the quantitative and qualitative data on the blue economy, markets for small-scale fishers, and fisheries governance. The dataset addresses the following the objectives: 1. to explore possible opportunities for coastal communities to access social and economic benefits from the blue economy; 2. to Identify barriers hindering coastal communities from fully participating in policies and regulatory frameworks for ocean governance; and 3. to explore the possibility of a sustainable local market for small-scale artisanal fishers in the coastal areas. In 2022, Hub researchers at the University of Namibia engaged with various stakeholders through interviews and workshops. These stakeholders include: trade facilitators working at Namibian ports authority; fishers (commercial, small-scale, and recreational); and women groups and youth groups living in the coastal areas. Some of the research participants explained that they gained knowledge about the blue economy concept after the workshop and that they would use this knowledge in future engagements with other stakeholders. Others shared their experience about access to market for small-scale fishers and provided examples of countries where a chain of businesses support small-scale fishers (e.g. Angola) that potentially can be applied in the Namibian coastal areas. The dataset revealed that participants' understanding of the legal basis for governance of fishing activities was limited. In 2023, new data was obtained from Hub's research on climate change, marine spatial planning, small-scale fisheries and ocean culture that the Hub team co-developed with the Topnaar community (https://oneoceanhub.org/workshops-on-climate-change-and-marine-spatial-planning-held-in-namibia/; https://oneoceanhub.org/working-with-the-topnaar-to-protect-human-rights-and-revive-ocean-culture/ ). Data from this dataset has been translated into the following publications: • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • AT Kanyimba & MN Jonas (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Data on marine spatial planning will be published in a book project which has received a number of abstracts from contributors in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact The dataset enhances learning and understanding of the concept of the blue economy and markets for small-scale fishers. The dataset and findings from the Hub research in Namibia contributed to the development of Namibia's first National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries (https://namibia.un.org/index.php/en/207292-national-plan-action-small-scale-fisheries-2022-2026-npoa-ssf) that was published in June 2022 with support from Hub partners the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)'s SSF-LEX (https://www.fao.org/faolex/en/). In addition, the findings also fed into the co-development with FAO of a global legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries, that was launched at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress (4WSFC) - Africa, held in Cape Town, South Africa, in November 2022. The findings from the dataset was also shared during a series of six workshop organised by the Hub's research team in Namibia in March and September 2023 with representatives from the Office of the Attorney General, Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, the Ministry of Justice, the Ombudsman, German Cooperation (GIZ) Namibia, the Namibia Tourism Board, Chairperson of Namibia's Marine Spatial Planning Committee as well as recreational, small-scale/artisanal, and commercial fishers. One of the main impacts derived from the dataset and workshop series was the inclusion of cultural heritage into the draft of Namibia's marine spatial plan (for detailed information, see: https://oneoceanhub.org/workshops-on-climate-change-and-marine-spatial-planning-held-in-namibia/). Findings from the dataset have contributed to the co-development of high-level outputs listed below. • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022 (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights approach to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022 (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub and is entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries (https://ssflex.fao.org/). For detailed information please see a collaboration and partnership entry titled "BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES." Insights from the dataset have also provided awareness raising and capacity building on various aspects of blue economy in Namibia (e.g. SSF and recreational fisheries, MSP, climate change adaptation and mitigation, seaweed farming) to 769 small-scale fishers recreational fishers, members of local communities, representatives of governments, donor, and international organisations through co-organisation of local workshops and various side-events for the UN World Ocean Week and the UN Climate COP. Please see detailed information on the list of events, link to recording and number of participants in each individual event in a collaboration and partnership entry titled "Supporting the implementation of a sustainable blue economy in Namibia." 
URL https://oneoceanhub.org/workshops-on-climate-change-and-marine-spatial-planning-held-in-namibia/
 
Title Umkhosi Wenala Dataset 
Description Through counter-hegemonic mapping using Empatheatre methodology, a new play was co-developed in 2022 titled "Umkhosi Wenala" (is Zulu for "Festival of Abundance"), which aims to create an innovative participatory decision-making space where rural youth can have a voice in the creation and management of marine protected areas that exclude cultural, spiritual and other local perspectives, concerns and questions. Hub researchers based at Rhodes University, Durban University of Technology, and the University of Cape Town, South Africa created a new process of co-developing, over 18 months, a story and timeline covering over 200 years with 13 young activities and 8 elders living near Isimangaliso Marine Protected Area. They also co-created relational maps of stories, which were added, through call-and-response methods, to a theatre production and living map of these stories and concerns. The theatre play was performed to communities and traditional authorities to obtain their feedback and integrate it into further iterations of the play script. Through the Umkhosi Wenala play, a team of Hub researchers based at Rhodes University, University of Cape Town and Durban University of Technology, South Africa have produced a new dataset on intangible cultural heritage and a large 200-year history articulated by local communities and knowledge holders. For more information, read this blogpost:https://oneoceanhub.org/fairer-and-more-inclusive-marine-protected-areas-through-restorative-public-storytelling/ and see a 20-minute documentary at https://vimeo.com/791847743/b95e473231. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2022 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The play Umkhosi Wenala offers an innovative participatory decision-making space where rural youth can have a voice in the creation and management of marine protected areas (MPAs), processes that otherwise exclude cultural, spiritual, and other local perspectives. The play offers restorative public storytelling to address issues of fairness and inclusion. Umkhosi Wenala toured the region surrounding the Isimangaliso MPA in 2022 and for a second time in early 2024. The production brought together over 2567 different knowledge holders who participated in post-show discussions. The audiences included local Indigenous authorities and leaders who offered feedback on the performance, the ethics of representation, and the text. Feedback was overwhelmingly positive. Feedback from elders, youth, and most importantly young women, showed they were deeply engaged and attentive to the nuances found within the story. The preparation of this play provided significant livelihoods benefits to local artists, actors, and craftspersons (More information here: https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Umkhosi_Wenala_12.10.23.pdf). The insights and oral histories from the 2022 dataset were shared at (1) the closing events of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, which the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation co-organised with the Hub on 27-31 March 2023 in Rome, Italy (attended by 469 people) and (2) UN World Oceans Day events on 7-9 June 2023 in New York, which the Hub co-organised with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance and the UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea with policy makers and practitioners involved in sustainable fisheries and marine conservation (attended by 111 people) (3) UN World Oceans Day official celebration at the UN Headquarters in New York(attended by 350 people in persons and 102,000 people online ). In 2024, research findings and oral histories will be shared as part of the Hub-led satellite event for the UN Decade Conference 'Presenting Transdisciplinary Toolbox for transformative Ocean Governance' in April 2024 (Barcelona) and the Small-Scale Fisheries Summit in July 2024 (Rome) with a diverse category of stakeholders including governments, private sector, civil society, and researchers. The Hub-led satellite event for the UN Decade Conference will include a live performance of an excerpt from the Umkosi Wenala theatre play. The engagement at the international level is expected to further co-develop the Hub research and policy contributions on how to make marine protection more inclusive, just and support multi-species flourishing (human and more-than-human alike), and create new/strengthen alliances with international human rights bodies and other international actors that contribute to the protection of human rights at the national level. 
URL https://vimeo.com/791847743/b95e473231
 
Description ADVANCING MARINE SPATIAL PLANNING FOR THE WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN 
Organisation Macquarie University
Country Australia 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The multi-funded Algoa Bay project at the Nelson Mandela University, South African, and its collaboration with the Hub (as a cross-scale case study) has been recognised for integrating disciplines and expertise in marine spatial planning, with particular attention on innovations in taking a system approach and using a social-ecological lens. The research has been upscaled to the regional level through the development of: 1) a framework for marine spatial planning in the Western Indian Ocean; 2) concept note on how to implement the framework and its importance; and 3) a policy brief funded by UNEP. The concept note was presented in 2021 to the Conference of the Parties of the Nairobi Convention for the Protection, Management, and Development of the Coastal and Marine Environment of the Eastern Africa region, and the framework was presented at the multi-stakeholder conference of the Western Indian Ocean Governance and Exchange Network (WIOGEN) by Hub Deputy Director Bernadette Snow. The framework is now expected to be integrated into national planning and ocean governance processes in the Western Indian Ocean). This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partner in the Global South: Nelson Mandela University, South Africa • partner organisation based in the Global South: UNEP, Kenya The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Nairobi Convention, Kenya; Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association, South Africa • Research organisation in the Global North: Macquarie University, Australia
Collaborator Contribution UNEP is a project partner of the Hub and is hosting the Secretariat of the Nairobi Convention for the Protection, Management, and Development of the Coastal and Marine Environment of the Eastern Africa region. The United Nations Environment Programme hosted the 1985 conference of plenipotentiaries for the Nairobi Convention for the Protection, Management and Development of Coastal and Marine Environment of the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) region. The Convention entered into force in 1996. The Nairobi Convention is part of UNEP's Regional Seas Programme. It aims to address the accelerating degradation of the world's oceans and coastal areas through the sustainable management and use of the marine and coastal environment. It does this by engaging countries that share the Western Indian Ocean in actions to protect their shared marine environment. The Nairobi Convention-signed by Comoros, France, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Seychelles, Somalia, Tanzania, and the Republic of South Africa - provides a platform for governments, civil society, and the private sector to work together for the sustainable management and use of the marine and coastal environment. The Contracting Parties to the Convention are part of more than 143 countries that participate in 18 Regional Seas initiatives (For more information read: https://www.nairobiconvention.org/nairobi-convention/who-we-are/). This collaboration took place as part of the UNEP/Secretariat of the Nairobi Convention aims to realise the vision of the Convention, aimed at increasing the capacity of the Western Indian Ocean nations to protect, manage, and develop their coastal and marine environment. This collaboration has notable policy impacts. UNEP recognized the significance of the Algoa Bay team's contribution and invited presentation at Science to Policy Forum for the UNEP/Nairobi Convention for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Western Indian Ocean on 25 March 2021 that was co-organized by UNEP Nairobi Convention, United Nations Development Programme, Western Indian Ocean Marine Association, and the Global Environment Facility. Hub researchers from Nelson Mandela University including Dr Denning Metuge, Professor Amanda Lombard, and Dr Bernadette Snow have also submitted a concept note on "A regional Marine Spatial Planning strategy for the Western Indian Ocean" to the UNEP Nairobi Convention Western Indian Ocean Regional Science to Policy Meeting in September 2021.
Impact Concept Note Submission to the United Nations Environment Programme Nairobi Convention Western Indian Ocean Regional Science to Policy Meeting September 2021, https://nairobiconvention.org/clearinghouse/sites/default/files/WIO%20MSP%20Policy%20Brief_6%20Oct2021.pdf. Framework - not for public yet. Methodological Tool - not for public yet as will go out to tender for further work.
Start Year 2020
 
Description ADVANCING MARINE SPATIAL PLANNING FOR THE WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN 
Organisation Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association
Country Tanzania, United Republic of 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution The multi-funded Algoa Bay project at the Nelson Mandela University, South African, and its collaboration with the Hub (as a cross-scale case study) has been recognised for integrating disciplines and expertise in marine spatial planning, with particular attention on innovations in taking a system approach and using a social-ecological lens. The research has been upscaled to the regional level through the development of: 1) a framework for marine spatial planning in the Western Indian Ocean; 2) concept note on how to implement the framework and its importance; and 3) a policy brief funded by UNEP. The concept note was presented in 2021 to the Conference of the Parties of the Nairobi Convention for the Protection, Management, and Development of the Coastal and Marine Environment of the Eastern Africa region, and the framework was presented at the multi-stakeholder conference of the Western Indian Ocean Governance and Exchange Network (WIOGEN) by Hub Deputy Director Bernadette Snow. The framework is now expected to be integrated into national planning and ocean governance processes in the Western Indian Ocean). This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partner in the Global South: Nelson Mandela University, South Africa • partner organisation based in the Global South: UNEP, Kenya The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Nairobi Convention, Kenya; Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association, South Africa • Research organisation in the Global North: Macquarie University, Australia
Collaborator Contribution UNEP is a project partner of the Hub and is hosting the Secretariat of the Nairobi Convention for the Protection, Management, and Development of the Coastal and Marine Environment of the Eastern Africa region. The United Nations Environment Programme hosted the 1985 conference of plenipotentiaries for the Nairobi Convention for the Protection, Management and Development of Coastal and Marine Environment of the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) region. The Convention entered into force in 1996. The Nairobi Convention is part of UNEP's Regional Seas Programme. It aims to address the accelerating degradation of the world's oceans and coastal areas through the sustainable management and use of the marine and coastal environment. It does this by engaging countries that share the Western Indian Ocean in actions to protect their shared marine environment. The Nairobi Convention-signed by Comoros, France, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Seychelles, Somalia, Tanzania, and the Republic of South Africa - provides a platform for governments, civil society, and the private sector to work together for the sustainable management and use of the marine and coastal environment. The Contracting Parties to the Convention are part of more than 143 countries that participate in 18 Regional Seas initiatives (For more information read: https://www.nairobiconvention.org/nairobi-convention/who-we-are/). This collaboration took place as part of the UNEP/Secretariat of the Nairobi Convention aims to realise the vision of the Convention, aimed at increasing the capacity of the Western Indian Ocean nations to protect, manage, and develop their coastal and marine environment. This collaboration has notable policy impacts. UNEP recognized the significance of the Algoa Bay team's contribution and invited presentation at Science to Policy Forum for the UNEP/Nairobi Convention for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Western Indian Ocean on 25 March 2021 that was co-organized by UNEP Nairobi Convention, United Nations Development Programme, Western Indian Ocean Marine Association, and the Global Environment Facility. Hub researchers from Nelson Mandela University including Dr Denning Metuge, Professor Amanda Lombard, and Dr Bernadette Snow have also submitted a concept note on "A regional Marine Spatial Planning strategy for the Western Indian Ocean" to the UNEP Nairobi Convention Western Indian Ocean Regional Science to Policy Meeting in September 2021.
Impact Concept Note Submission to the United Nations Environment Programme Nairobi Convention Western Indian Ocean Regional Science to Policy Meeting September 2021, https://nairobiconvention.org/clearinghouse/sites/default/files/WIO%20MSP%20Policy%20Brief_6%20Oct2021.pdf. Framework - not for public yet. Methodological Tool - not for public yet as will go out to tender for further work.
Start Year 2020
 
Description BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES 
Organisation Abalobi
Country South Africa 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution This partnership began in 2021 through the FAO's existing programme to support national implementation of the FAO Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) through national legislation. To support this, One Ocean Hub co-hosted with FAO regional workshops with government, community, research, and NGO representation from Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, to identify legislative barriers to the implementation of the FAO voluntary SSF guidelines in each country, thereby contributing to national research, while co-developing a global instrument, the FAO SSF Policy and Legal diagnostic tool in April 2021. Co-design of the regional workshop with South African researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network allowed FAO to shift from a top-down approach that focused on discussing what international law requires from governments to an approach informed by local context, and responds to specific needs of SSF, through international law when national law falls short. Hub researchers facilitated SSF representatives' direct participation in the workshop in varied ways, including voice or video messages that communicated their priorities. SSF and government representatives, as well as non-legal researchers were made aware of how international law is (or is not) applied in the context of South Africa, Ghana and Namibia. This is now informing planning of further inter-disciplinary research that will guide strategies on partnerships with governments and SSF in Ghana. In addition, this regional event led to a follow-up event specifically for Namibia, in collaboration with the FAO, the Hub and the Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Namibia. The webinar series organised on 10-11 June 2021 was titled 'Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries.' It was aimed at providing the evidence required to support the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, which the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which was published in 2022 as part of its commitment to implement the FAO SSF Guidelines. The workshop provided an opportunity to integrate the early research findings from the One Ocean Hub into the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, notably with regard to the inclusion of the views of indigenous communities that have been displaced from the coast (Topnaar). This event led to an invitation for nominations for two experts to sit on Namibia's national task force on SSF (upon acceptance by the Ministry of Fisheries). The key research findings that were shared with FAO focused on the approaches to: • redress marginalisation of previously disadvantaged communities including those that have been historically removed from the coast e.g. the Topnaar community), and • address the diverse capacity-building needs of different stakeholder groups that are expected to benefit from or contribute to implementation (SSF associations, SSF women and youth, town councils, NGOs, and primary schools). In addition, FAO invited the Hub to co-develop two e-learning courses on implementation of the FAO Guidelines on SSF to be housed on the FAO E-learning Academy website (https://elearning.fao.org/). The courses are meant to respond to government officers' and fishers' needs respectively, to implement the FAO Guidelines. The latter will allow SSF to obtain an international certification on the FAO E-learning Academy that contributes to their professional development and recognition of SSF. Two papers by Hub colleagues in Ghana and South Africa were integrated as case studies in the first FAO e-learning course on SSF law and policy (in additions to insights arising from the joint Hub-FAO workshops). A new e-learning course will be co-developed in 2023 with a view to directly addressing the question and challenges of small-scale fishers in invoking international law and human rights in their daily interactions with authorities and other stakeholders, based on Hub partnerships with small-scale fishing organizations in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. In addition, this allowed the Hub to bring together FAO and UNEP into a joint event during World Oceans Week 2021 to discuss directly with SSF representatives from South Africa key challenges. Towards the end of 2021, the collaboration with FAO led to an ambitious joint programme of work to advance the human rights-based approach to small scale fisheries as part of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The joint programme of work advanced understanding of the multiple threats to the rights of small-scale fishers to have a voice in decisions affecting their lives, health, culture and livelihoods, and garner further support for small-scale fishers that act as environmental human rights defenders. We shared key research insights and supported small-scale fisheries representatives to speak directly about their human rights concerns in a high-level event at World Ocean Week (WOW) 2022, to the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment participated. In June 2022, the Hub was invited to join the panelists of the High-level Interactive Dialogue on Fisheries at the UN Ocean Conference, and shared on that occasion the key messages from the WOW event (see report summarising key messages shared during the event here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/). These were then published in late 2022 as the first joint policy brief between FAO and the UNOHCHR, together with the Hub: "Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals" (Available here: https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). This joint programme of work also furthered partnerships with various civil society organizations. WWF Accelerating Coastal Community Led Conservation Initiative for the Oceans Practice reached out to the Hub to join efforts for IYAFA, including joint events at the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 on the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. WWF further invited the One Ocean Hub to join: the Blue Food Alliance that aims to transform our food system to focus on health, justice, and environmental sustainability; and the SSF Network, which arose from the first SSF Summit in September 2022. In addition, Naturskyddsföreningen (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation), Blue Venture, the Too-Big-To-Ignore research programme, and the IUCN Specialist Group on People and the Ocean approached the Hub to contribute to the programme of work for IYAFA. All these civil society partners emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. For the official closing of IYAFA (March 2023), the FAO invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to speak at the high-level closing event and the Empatheatre team from South Africa to perform "Listen to the Sea" immediately afterwards. FAO and the Hub also co-organised a series of hybrid events prior to the closing event: a workshop on art-based approaches to the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa, to explore their replicability in UN and NGO projects (Wed 29th March); a hybrid training on human rights and fisheries with the UNOHCHR and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (29th March); and a hybrid roundtable on WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and small-scale fishers' human rights (31st March). As a result of these activities, the Hub's recommendations on integrating human rights in the agenda of the second SSF Summit (scheduled in July 2024; more information here: https://ssfhub.org/ssf-summit-2024) were included and the Hub was invited to become an official partner of the SSF Hub which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community, and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (November 2023). FAO invited Elisa Morgera to a workshop, 14-16 November 2023, (https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-workshop-towards-creating-an-enabling-environment-for-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries/), Rome that brought together regional and global partners, as well as from various countries, and small-scale fisheries organisations, for experience sharing and learning on the work conducted to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines worldwide, as well as exploring potential areas of future work and collaboration and further enhancing awareness and knowledge of the SSF Guidelines. https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ Finally, the Hub summarised key findings from all these activities in a written submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, who will devote his 2024 report to fisheries, with a focus on the SSF Guidelines. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy. • partner organisations based in the Global South: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; ICCA Consortium, Malaysia; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; Abalobi, South Africa; SmartFish AC, Mexico. • Research organization based in the Global North: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Switzerland; Blue Ventures, UK; Too Big To Ignore, Canada; The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty's Fisheries Working Group, Italy; Conservation International, US; Environmental Defense Fund, US; Fauna & Flora, UK; Blue Ventures, UK; Ocean Outcomes, US; Wildlife Conservation Society, US; Rare, US; WildAid, US; Future of Fish Seattle, US; International Institute for Environment and Development, UK; International Pole & Line Foundation, UK; Oceana, US.
Collaborator Contribution FAO supported the development of the Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) and had already run a pilot regional workshop on their implementation through legislation. FAO is a member of the Executive Team of the One Ocean Hub and based on the early findings from the Hub on the need to further clarify the human rights-based approach to fisheries (Morgera and Nakamura, 2021), FAO invited the Hub to co-develop a diagnostic tool, co-organize another regional workshop in Hub countries and develop further e-learning tools. FAO provided USD 37,450 of in-kind match funding from FAO consultants to support course development. To support the planning and the organisation of the joint programme for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries in 2022, the FAO and UNEP has also provided in-kind support, in the form of staff time. The expansion of the partnership to the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a first for the ocean community and has provided invaluable insights for the Hub researchers, and their UN and civil society partners on how to rely on the international human rights monitoring system to support small-scale fishers on the ground when governments are falling behind in implementing their international commitments. The partnership has brought together a new Hub's inter-disciplinary team that has connected research across disciplines and scales. University of Strathclyde, Law School, Nelson Mandela University, University of Cape Coast and University of Namibia provide legal expertise. Rhodes University, Cape Town University, University of Namibia and University of Cape Coast provide sociological research co-developed with small-scale fishing communities. As an inter-disciplinary and cross-scale group we made significant progress towards channeling available legal, technical and strategic international support towards ocean-dependent communities in focus countries, as well as upscaling relevant findings to benefit other ODA-recipient countries. We contributed to focusing international support on SSF according to their needs as co-identified with Hub researchers. Our cross-scale approach has also opened pathways for marshalling international support towards, indigenous peoples and coastal communities negatively affected by blue economy initiatives ("ocean defenders"), and women and children negatively affected by unsustainable uses of the ocean. Support at the international level lends cachet to local advocacy efforts and influences systemic change at the national level. We achieved this progress by developing work programmes with international partners that are active across scales (national, regional and international), forming a nested approach to pathways to the Hub's national and international impact, and by: • co-developing research from the outset with international partners; • systematically sharing early findings through partners' ongoing capacity-building activities or co-developing new capacity-building activities, to engage in direct dialogue with their beneficiary country representatives; • proactively sharing early findings that contribute to international partners' own planning and agenda-setting activities; and • strategically utilising the strength of Hub partnerships with international organisations to leverage further support towards Hub objectives from other international partners. In doing so, we have built the capacity of: • South African, Ghanaian and Namibian community representatives to engage directly in international debates, while addressing their practical constraints and other, more pressing demands on their time; • communities to participate in national policy-making processes; • researchers to engage directly with international partners, as an essential skillset for researchers who have not yet worked across scales, so they can develop meaningful cross-scale networks; and • international partners and processes to adapt their modalities to accommodate community representatives' needs. As part of the Hub's ongoing partnership with FAO, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa contributed to the development and launch of a new international database called SSF-LEX (https://ssflex.fao.org/) that serves to identify relevant national law and policy instruments for small-scale fisheries and to assess whether there is alignment with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. It provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The purpose of the database is to help identify good State practices and needs for improvements. Hub early-career researcher Julia Nakamura (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-led the team in FAO that developed SSF-LEX, while Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tapiwa Warikandwa (University of Namibia, Namibia) reviewed and contributed to the SSF-LEX's country profiles of Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa (More information on Hub's contributions to the SSF-LEX is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). Julia Nakamura co-organised the launch of 'SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database' at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress-Africa (Cape Town, South Africa, 21-23 November 2022) on 23 November 2022, with a view to addressing fisheries managers, legal practitioners, scientists, academics, governments representatives, non-governmental stakeholders, fishers, and fishing communities. Jackie Sunde was invited as a panelists, who reflected on the usefulness of SSF-LEX to fishers, academics and human rights lawyers, from the South African perspective (More information on the SSF-LEX launch event could be found here: https://www.fao.org/legal-services/news/news-detail/en/c/1624163/). In November 2023, the Hub became an official partner of the Small-Scale Fisheries Resource & Collaboration Hub ("SSF Hub"), which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The Hub has been participating in regular meetings with the SSF Hub partners, sharing research, approaches and resources to support the following vision: "Small-scale fisheries and communities that are resilient, thriving and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) (https://oneoceanhub.org/becoming-official-partners-of-the-ssf-hub/). In October 2023 the SSF Hub shared various resources in their online library/ resources database such as our video recordings of "Fostering Cooperation Among Relevant UN bodies to Advance Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights" organised for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 14 November 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fostering-cooperation-among-relevant-un-bodies-advance-small-scale-fishers-human-rights); "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities & Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" organized on 7 June 2023 for the UN World Oceans Day 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/exploring-challenges-opportunities-alliances-protection-small-scale-fishers-human-rights) and "A Fishing Heritage in Peril", Artwork from DEEP Fund Project 'Fishers Tales" (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fishing-heritage-peril-artwork-deep-fund-project-fishers-tales). A complete list of the One Ocean Hub resources that are available on the SSF Hub can be found here: https://ssfhub.org/contributing-organization/one-ocean-hub. The Hub contributed to three submissions to the call by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to give inputs on his upcoming report on fisheries: • The KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum provided evidence on limitations in public participation in decision-making in South Africa, including on oil and gas development, as well as ocean master plan and marine protected areas. In addition, the evidence called attention to the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' tenure. • Jackie Sunde, University of Cape Town, also provided evidence on the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa in the context of the expansion of marine transport, ports and energy infrastructure. The submission also noted the need to recognize women's contributions to the value chain in the traditional line fish sector, as it provides multiple sources of food to different groups in a community but is not factored into fisheries policy making and rights allocation. More information here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/e19cnpbel7h4a7lap7ked6fdch. • A submission by Elisa Morgera shared comparative insights from research in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia and in the Caribbean, about the misrecognition and disrespect of the cultural rights of small-scale fishers (their spiritual and cultural connections to marine spaces, their distinctive knowledge systems, and their customary laws) - within and outside the fisheries sector - as one of the root causes of the violations of their right to food, as well as their participation in relevant policy processes. This submission also pointed to: lack of strategic environmental assessments for various policy areas that negatively affect fisheries and marine biodiversity (such as mining, infrastructure development, tourism), as well as the lack of national legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for large-scale fisheries (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12462); the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; and good practices that have strengthened the recognition, protection and remedies for small-scale fishers (Empatheatre in South Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf; documentary on fishers' songs in Ghana, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf; documentary with displaced Indigenous peoples in Namibia, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; Coastal Justice Network in South Africa, https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/; and pop-up clinics to provide women in small-scale fishing communities legal advice, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf: and direct academic research and action towards their legal needs. Read the written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/m1aqqg2i11g7dmfa1ddsvqpvag. This collaboration has brought notable policy impacts. As explained above, Hub's research, experience, and practices have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. The Tool aims to support the identification of barriers and opportunities to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) in the Context of Food in national laws and policies. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022). This five-lesson course provides guidance on how to assess existing legal and policy frameworks for fisheries in a specific country, explains how to legislate for small-scale fisheries, and outlines the main components of small-scale fisheries-specific legislation. It aims at helping professionals engaged in dialogue on policy and legislation processes and actions at all levels relating to small-scale fisheries, as well as at academic institutions and members of the general public interested in the subject (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. In the context of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the collaborative research initiative One Ocean Hub have been collaborating to raise awareness of the full scope of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. This policy brief aims to clarify the scope of the international human rights-based approach, including the corresponding State obligations, and to highlight how the coherent protection of these rights supports the realization of multiple Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements (https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). • Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA (e.g. WWF, Blue Ventures. Significance of Hub's contributions was evident from invitation to Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, to present Hub's research findings at the official high-level closing ceremony of IYAFA at the FAO headquarters in Rome (see outcomes section of this entry). In 2024, the Hub is working with FAO, SSF Hub, and supporters of IYAFA to strategise and plan for the upcoming SSF Summit that will take place in July 2024. This collaboration has achieved societal impacts by (1) raising awareness on the needs, interests, and human rights of small-scale fishers among national and international stakeholders and (2) strengthening the capacity of a total of 1,466 stakeholders from diverse professional categories including small-scale fisher, researcher, public sector, NGO, and international organization from Africa, South Pacific, the Caribbean, Asia Europe and North America. Events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration have also strengthened gender equality because they speak to predominantly women audience. On average 56% of attendees were women. This is interesting because despite marine sector is a male dominated sector, all our events spoke to a predominately female audience, which also showed the interests and needs for capacity building for women in this field.
Impact Resultant Outcomes • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022, co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. Available from here https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries" published in October 2022, available from here: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881). • A joint policy brief by FAO, One Ocean Hub, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. Available from here: https://ssflex.fao.org/). • One Ocean Hub's small-scale fisheries focused webpage: https://oneoceanhub.org/iyafa/. Peer-reviewed journal articles • Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • Golo HK, Erinosho B. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • Ibrahim S and Golo HK. (2023). "Right to Culture in Marine Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Ghana: Reflections of FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Maritime Studies (under review, submitted September 2023). • Kulundu-Bolus I, McGarry D and Lotz-Sisitka R "Think Piece: Learning, Living and Leading into Transgression - A reflection on decolonial praxis in a neoliberal world." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 36, pp.111-130, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v36i1.14. • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Mbatha P (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Nakamura J, Weston JCL and Lennan M (2023). "International Legal Responses for Protecting Fishers' Fundamental Rights Impacted by a Changing Ocean." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38 (2023, pp. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10141. • Pereira T and Erwin K (2023). "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice, Ecosystems and People, 19:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Rudolph TB, Ruckelshaus M, Swilling M, Allison EH, Österblom H, Gelcich S & Mbatha P. (2020). "A transition to sustainable ocean governance." Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2 • Sowman M et al (2021). "Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Sowman M and Sunde J (2021). "A Just transition? Navigating the process of policy implementation in small-scale fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104683 • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. • Morgera E and Nakamura J, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2 Book chapters: • Ansah JW, Oduro GY, and Wilson D. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Christoffels-du Plessis A., Erinosha, B., Major L., Morgera E., Sunde J. and Vermeylen S. Navigating a sea of laws: Small-scale Fishing Communities and Customary Rights in Ghana and South Africa. In Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (Eds) The Palgrave Book of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan. Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Christoffels-Du Plessis, A., and Sunde, J. 2020. Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for small-scale fisheries in South Africa. In Kerezi, V., Nakamura, J., El Halimi, M., and Chuenpagdee, R. (Eds.) Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries: Global Illustrations. TBTI Global Publication Series, St. John's, NL, Canada, http://toobigtoignore.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/South-Africa_01.pdf • Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. • Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Kanyimba AT & Jonas MN (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15 • Warikandwa TV, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f • Warikandwa TW, Shakalela E, Libebe EL (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14. • Warikandwa TW (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • B Erinosho, L Major, E Morgera, J Sunde and S Vermeylen. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • JW Ansah, GY Oduro, and D Wilson. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Book chapter: E Morgera and J Nakamura, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • HK Golo, S Ibrahim, B Erinosho. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Blogposts and other publications summarising the events and engagements. • Erinosho B, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/. • Febrica S. "Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks," 29 November 2020, https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fisheries-and-blue-justice/. • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised a workshop on sustainable small-scale fisheries law," 28 April 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/1939-2/ • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised webinar on Namibia's small-scale fisheries," 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-food-and-agriculture-organization-and-the-one-ocean-hub-co-organised-webinar-on-namibias-small-scale-fisheries/. • Febrica S, Nakamura J, Sunde J & Warikandwa T, "Strengthening knowledge on national policy and law and their alignment with the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines," 31 January 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/. • Khan U, "Exploring the blue carbon potential in Namibia," 3 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-blue-carbon-potential-in-namibia/. • Morgera E, "Key messages: high level event on small-scale fishers' rights," June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/ • Mthombeni M, "I took my ancestors to the United Nations, and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs," 10 July 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Empatheatre - Changing Understandings and Engagements with ocean dependent communities: Lalela uLwandle," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives Through Documentary Filmmaking," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana -Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-Scale Fisheries," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-scale Fisheries," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact story: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives through Documentary Filmmaking," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Fishers' songs from Ghana to Glasgow - A documentary film 'Cocooned in harmony' screens at the Centre for contemporary arts, "6 April 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-songs-from-ghana-to-glasgow-a-documentary-film-cocooned-in-harmony-screens-at-the-centre-of-contemporary-arts/ • One Ocean Hub, "Partnering with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries," 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-for-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries/. • One Ocean Hub, "Opening a platform for women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana," 29 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ • One Ocean Hub, "Welcoming local NGOs as Hub partners in Ghana, Namibia and South Africa: from seaweed education to human rights legal support," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/welcoming-local-ngos-as-hub-partners-in-ghana-namibia-and-south-africa-from-seaweed-education-to-human-rights-legal-support/ • One Ocean Hub, "Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ • One Ocean Hub, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Pereira T, Francis B and McGarry D, "The unexpected impact of a letter to the minister from One Ocean Hub researchers resulting in an opportunity to facilitate counter hegemonic mapping into transgressive ocean decision making for Amathole Marine Protected Area, South Africa, 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researchers-resulting-in-an-opportunity-to-facilitate-counter-hegemonic-mapping-into-transgressive-ocean-decision-making-for-amath/ • Pereira Kaplan T , "The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment" judge rules in the Shell seismic survey case, 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ • Pereira Kaplan T, "Deepening partnerships with small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/. • Sowman M, Sunde J and Lambrecht M, "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the west coast of South Africa," 7 September 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ • Sunde J. (2022). "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121 https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ • Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. • Samuel MM, Tshiningayamwe S, Jonas M and Kanyimba A. "Exploring ocean benefits, challenges, and prospects with Namibian coastal communities," 4 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-ocean-benefits-challenges-and-prospects-with-namibian-coastal-communities/ • Sunde J, "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Tshiningayamwe S, "Working with marginalised communities for more equitable ocean decision-making and other news from Namibia," 27 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-marginalised-communities-for-more-equitable-ocean-decision-making-and-other-news-from-namibia/. • Veii A and Nghipangelwa S, "Working in a transdisciplinary team to understand climate vulnerability on recreational fishing in Namibia," 26 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part One)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part Two)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/ • Wilson D, "Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa," 1 March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ • Wilson D, "Customary law, tangible and intangible heritage, and ocean governance workshops," 27 June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/ Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • UN Ocean Conference side-event titled "Small in scale, big in value: Stocktaking, partnerships and solutions in support of small-scale fisheries" (led by FAO), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). For more information see here: https://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1529971/. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was invited to: Act as lead discussant at the Interactive dialogue 4 "Making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets," 29 June 2024, in the Tejo Hall of the Conference venue. The event was attended by 50 attendees. For further information, see here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/making-fisheries-sustainable-and-providing-access-small-scale-artisanal-fishers-marine; watch the recording here: https://media.un.org/en/asset/k18/k185g5nkrg Capacity Building Session for UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni in 2020 • Covid-19 Impacts on the South African Small Scale Fisheries Sector: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDeJJG3qt0E. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdbVNhHf6Q. This event was attended by 62 attendees. Workshops co-organised with FAO • Regional Training Workshop on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries, 12-15 April 2021 in South Africa, Namibia and Ghana (April 2021). A total of 177 attendees (57 attendees on Day 1; 47 attendees on Day 2; 43 attendees on Day 3 and 30 attendees on Day 4). • The FAO led Parallel session #4.1 - "SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database" at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress Africa, 21 November 2022. This event was attended by 100 attendees. • A series of two days events titled "Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries: Towards a National Plan of Action for Small Scale Fisheries in Namibia" on 10th-11th June 2021. These series were attended by 70 attendees. UN World Oceans Day Events • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording is available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU. This event was attended by 54 attendees. • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants. GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School • Professor Elisa Morgera and Dr Dylan McGarry presentations in for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: - Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • One Ocean Hub's three led panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022: - The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small scale fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Video, film outputs • Photo-story: Small-scale fishers and human rights, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhqzgSCjfug. • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • Defenders of the Ocean, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'COP27 Children and Youth Pavilion speaker: Camila Awo Dzidzor One Ocean Hub', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A
Start Year 2021
 
Description BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES 
Organisation Blue Ventures
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution This partnership began in 2021 through the FAO's existing programme to support national implementation of the FAO Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) through national legislation. To support this, One Ocean Hub co-hosted with FAO regional workshops with government, community, research, and NGO representation from Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, to identify legislative barriers to the implementation of the FAO voluntary SSF guidelines in each country, thereby contributing to national research, while co-developing a global instrument, the FAO SSF Policy and Legal diagnostic tool in April 2021. Co-design of the regional workshop with South African researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network allowed FAO to shift from a top-down approach that focused on discussing what international law requires from governments to an approach informed by local context, and responds to specific needs of SSF, through international law when national law falls short. Hub researchers facilitated SSF representatives' direct participation in the workshop in varied ways, including voice or video messages that communicated their priorities. SSF and government representatives, as well as non-legal researchers were made aware of how international law is (or is not) applied in the context of South Africa, Ghana and Namibia. This is now informing planning of further inter-disciplinary research that will guide strategies on partnerships with governments and SSF in Ghana. In addition, this regional event led to a follow-up event specifically for Namibia, in collaboration with the FAO, the Hub and the Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Namibia. The webinar series organised on 10-11 June 2021 was titled 'Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries.' It was aimed at providing the evidence required to support the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, which the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which was published in 2022 as part of its commitment to implement the FAO SSF Guidelines. The workshop provided an opportunity to integrate the early research findings from the One Ocean Hub into the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, notably with regard to the inclusion of the views of indigenous communities that have been displaced from the coast (Topnaar). This event led to an invitation for nominations for two experts to sit on Namibia's national task force on SSF (upon acceptance by the Ministry of Fisheries). The key research findings that were shared with FAO focused on the approaches to: • redress marginalisation of previously disadvantaged communities including those that have been historically removed from the coast e.g. the Topnaar community), and • address the diverse capacity-building needs of different stakeholder groups that are expected to benefit from or contribute to implementation (SSF associations, SSF women and youth, town councils, NGOs, and primary schools). In addition, FAO invited the Hub to co-develop two e-learning courses on implementation of the FAO Guidelines on SSF to be housed on the FAO E-learning Academy website (https://elearning.fao.org/). The courses are meant to respond to government officers' and fishers' needs respectively, to implement the FAO Guidelines. The latter will allow SSF to obtain an international certification on the FAO E-learning Academy that contributes to their professional development and recognition of SSF. Two papers by Hub colleagues in Ghana and South Africa were integrated as case studies in the first FAO e-learning course on SSF law and policy (in additions to insights arising from the joint Hub-FAO workshops). A new e-learning course will be co-developed in 2023 with a view to directly addressing the question and challenges of small-scale fishers in invoking international law and human rights in their daily interactions with authorities and other stakeholders, based on Hub partnerships with small-scale fishing organizations in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. In addition, this allowed the Hub to bring together FAO and UNEP into a joint event during World Oceans Week 2021 to discuss directly with SSF representatives from South Africa key challenges. Towards the end of 2021, the collaboration with FAO led to an ambitious joint programme of work to advance the human rights-based approach to small scale fisheries as part of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The joint programme of work advanced understanding of the multiple threats to the rights of small-scale fishers to have a voice in decisions affecting their lives, health, culture and livelihoods, and garner further support for small-scale fishers that act as environmental human rights defenders. We shared key research insights and supported small-scale fisheries representatives to speak directly about their human rights concerns in a high-level event at World Ocean Week (WOW) 2022, to the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment participated. In June 2022, the Hub was invited to join the panelists of the High-level Interactive Dialogue on Fisheries at the UN Ocean Conference, and shared on that occasion the key messages from the WOW event (see report summarising key messages shared during the event here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/). These were then published in late 2022 as the first joint policy brief between FAO and the UNOHCHR, together with the Hub: "Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals" (Available here: https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). This joint programme of work also furthered partnerships with various civil society organizations. WWF Accelerating Coastal Community Led Conservation Initiative for the Oceans Practice reached out to the Hub to join efforts for IYAFA, including joint events at the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 on the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. WWF further invited the One Ocean Hub to join: the Blue Food Alliance that aims to transform our food system to focus on health, justice, and environmental sustainability; and the SSF Network, which arose from the first SSF Summit in September 2022. In addition, Naturskyddsföreningen (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation), Blue Venture, the Too-Big-To-Ignore research programme, and the IUCN Specialist Group on People and the Ocean approached the Hub to contribute to the programme of work for IYAFA. All these civil society partners emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. For the official closing of IYAFA (March 2023), the FAO invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to speak at the high-level closing event and the Empatheatre team from South Africa to perform "Listen to the Sea" immediately afterwards. FAO and the Hub also co-organised a series of hybrid events prior to the closing event: a workshop on art-based approaches to the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa, to explore their replicability in UN and NGO projects (Wed 29th March); a hybrid training on human rights and fisheries with the UNOHCHR and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (29th March); and a hybrid roundtable on WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and small-scale fishers' human rights (31st March). As a result of these activities, the Hub's recommendations on integrating human rights in the agenda of the second SSF Summit (scheduled in July 2024; more information here: https://ssfhub.org/ssf-summit-2024) were included and the Hub was invited to become an official partner of the SSF Hub which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community, and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (November 2023). FAO invited Elisa Morgera to a workshop, 14-16 November 2023, (https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-workshop-towards-creating-an-enabling-environment-for-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries/), Rome that brought together regional and global partners, as well as from various countries, and small-scale fisheries organisations, for experience sharing and learning on the work conducted to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines worldwide, as well as exploring potential areas of future work and collaboration and further enhancing awareness and knowledge of the SSF Guidelines. https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ Finally, the Hub summarised key findings from all these activities in a written submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, who will devote his 2024 report to fisheries, with a focus on the SSF Guidelines. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy. • partner organisations based in the Global South: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; ICCA Consortium, Malaysia; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; Abalobi, South Africa; SmartFish AC, Mexico. • Research organization based in the Global North: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Switzerland; Blue Ventures, UK; Too Big To Ignore, Canada; The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty's Fisheries Working Group, Italy; Conservation International, US; Environmental Defense Fund, US; Fauna & Flora, UK; Blue Ventures, UK; Ocean Outcomes, US; Wildlife Conservation Society, US; Rare, US; WildAid, US; Future of Fish Seattle, US; International Institute for Environment and Development, UK; International Pole & Line Foundation, UK; Oceana, US.
Collaborator Contribution FAO supported the development of the Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) and had already run a pilot regional workshop on their implementation through legislation. FAO is a member of the Executive Team of the One Ocean Hub and based on the early findings from the Hub on the need to further clarify the human rights-based approach to fisheries (Morgera and Nakamura, 2021), FAO invited the Hub to co-develop a diagnostic tool, co-organize another regional workshop in Hub countries and develop further e-learning tools. FAO provided USD 37,450 of in-kind match funding from FAO consultants to support course development. To support the planning and the organisation of the joint programme for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries in 2022, the FAO and UNEP has also provided in-kind support, in the form of staff time. The expansion of the partnership to the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a first for the ocean community and has provided invaluable insights for the Hub researchers, and their UN and civil society partners on how to rely on the international human rights monitoring system to support small-scale fishers on the ground when governments are falling behind in implementing their international commitments. The partnership has brought together a new Hub's inter-disciplinary team that has connected research across disciplines and scales. University of Strathclyde, Law School, Nelson Mandela University, University of Cape Coast and University of Namibia provide legal expertise. Rhodes University, Cape Town University, University of Namibia and University of Cape Coast provide sociological research co-developed with small-scale fishing communities. As an inter-disciplinary and cross-scale group we made significant progress towards channeling available legal, technical and strategic international support towards ocean-dependent communities in focus countries, as well as upscaling relevant findings to benefit other ODA-recipient countries. We contributed to focusing international support on SSF according to their needs as co-identified with Hub researchers. Our cross-scale approach has also opened pathways for marshalling international support towards, indigenous peoples and coastal communities negatively affected by blue economy initiatives ("ocean defenders"), and women and children negatively affected by unsustainable uses of the ocean. Support at the international level lends cachet to local advocacy efforts and influences systemic change at the national level. We achieved this progress by developing work programmes with international partners that are active across scales (national, regional and international), forming a nested approach to pathways to the Hub's national and international impact, and by: • co-developing research from the outset with international partners; • systematically sharing early findings through partners' ongoing capacity-building activities or co-developing new capacity-building activities, to engage in direct dialogue with their beneficiary country representatives; • proactively sharing early findings that contribute to international partners' own planning and agenda-setting activities; and • strategically utilising the strength of Hub partnerships with international organisations to leverage further support towards Hub objectives from other international partners. In doing so, we have built the capacity of: • South African, Ghanaian and Namibian community representatives to engage directly in international debates, while addressing their practical constraints and other, more pressing demands on their time; • communities to participate in national policy-making processes; • researchers to engage directly with international partners, as an essential skillset for researchers who have not yet worked across scales, so they can develop meaningful cross-scale networks; and • international partners and processes to adapt their modalities to accommodate community representatives' needs. As part of the Hub's ongoing partnership with FAO, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa contributed to the development and launch of a new international database called SSF-LEX (https://ssflex.fao.org/) that serves to identify relevant national law and policy instruments for small-scale fisheries and to assess whether there is alignment with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. It provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The purpose of the database is to help identify good State practices and needs for improvements. Hub early-career researcher Julia Nakamura (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-led the team in FAO that developed SSF-LEX, while Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tapiwa Warikandwa (University of Namibia, Namibia) reviewed and contributed to the SSF-LEX's country profiles of Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa (More information on Hub's contributions to the SSF-LEX is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). Julia Nakamura co-organised the launch of 'SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database' at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress-Africa (Cape Town, South Africa, 21-23 November 2022) on 23 November 2022, with a view to addressing fisheries managers, legal practitioners, scientists, academics, governments representatives, non-governmental stakeholders, fishers, and fishing communities. Jackie Sunde was invited as a panelists, who reflected on the usefulness of SSF-LEX to fishers, academics and human rights lawyers, from the South African perspective (More information on the SSF-LEX launch event could be found here: https://www.fao.org/legal-services/news/news-detail/en/c/1624163/). In November 2023, the Hub became an official partner of the Small-Scale Fisheries Resource & Collaboration Hub ("SSF Hub"), which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The Hub has been participating in regular meetings with the SSF Hub partners, sharing research, approaches and resources to support the following vision: "Small-scale fisheries and communities that are resilient, thriving and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) (https://oneoceanhub.org/becoming-official-partners-of-the-ssf-hub/). In October 2023 the SSF Hub shared various resources in their online library/ resources database such as our video recordings of "Fostering Cooperation Among Relevant UN bodies to Advance Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights" organised for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 14 November 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fostering-cooperation-among-relevant-un-bodies-advance-small-scale-fishers-human-rights); "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities & Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" organized on 7 June 2023 for the UN World Oceans Day 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/exploring-challenges-opportunities-alliances-protection-small-scale-fishers-human-rights) and "A Fishing Heritage in Peril", Artwork from DEEP Fund Project 'Fishers Tales" (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fishing-heritage-peril-artwork-deep-fund-project-fishers-tales). A complete list of the One Ocean Hub resources that are available on the SSF Hub can be found here: https://ssfhub.org/contributing-organization/one-ocean-hub. The Hub contributed to three submissions to the call by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to give inputs on his upcoming report on fisheries: • The KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum provided evidence on limitations in public participation in decision-making in South Africa, including on oil and gas development, as well as ocean master plan and marine protected areas. In addition, the evidence called attention to the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' tenure. • Jackie Sunde, University of Cape Town, also provided evidence on the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa in the context of the expansion of marine transport, ports and energy infrastructure. The submission also noted the need to recognize women's contributions to the value chain in the traditional line fish sector, as it provides multiple sources of food to different groups in a community but is not factored into fisheries policy making and rights allocation. More information here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/e19cnpbel7h4a7lap7ked6fdch. • A submission by Elisa Morgera shared comparative insights from research in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia and in the Caribbean, about the misrecognition and disrespect of the cultural rights of small-scale fishers (their spiritual and cultural connections to marine spaces, their distinctive knowledge systems, and their customary laws) - within and outside the fisheries sector - as one of the root causes of the violations of their right to food, as well as their participation in relevant policy processes. This submission also pointed to: lack of strategic environmental assessments for various policy areas that negatively affect fisheries and marine biodiversity (such as mining, infrastructure development, tourism), as well as the lack of national legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for large-scale fisheries (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12462); the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; and good practices that have strengthened the recognition, protection and remedies for small-scale fishers (Empatheatre in South Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf; documentary on fishers' songs in Ghana, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf; documentary with displaced Indigenous peoples in Namibia, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; Coastal Justice Network in South Africa, https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/; and pop-up clinics to provide women in small-scale fishing communities legal advice, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf: and direct academic research and action towards their legal needs. Read the written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/m1aqqg2i11g7dmfa1ddsvqpvag. This collaboration has brought notable policy impacts. As explained above, Hub's research, experience, and practices have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. The Tool aims to support the identification of barriers and opportunities to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) in the Context of Food in national laws and policies. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022). This five-lesson course provides guidance on how to assess existing legal and policy frameworks for fisheries in a specific country, explains how to legislate for small-scale fisheries, and outlines the main components of small-scale fisheries-specific legislation. It aims at helping professionals engaged in dialogue on policy and legislation processes and actions at all levels relating to small-scale fisheries, as well as at academic institutions and members of the general public interested in the subject (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. In the context of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the collaborative research initiative One Ocean Hub have been collaborating to raise awareness of the full scope of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. This policy brief aims to clarify the scope of the international human rights-based approach, including the corresponding State obligations, and to highlight how the coherent protection of these rights supports the realization of multiple Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements (https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). • Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA (e.g. WWF, Blue Ventures. Significance of Hub's contributions was evident from invitation to Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, to present Hub's research findings at the official high-level closing ceremony of IYAFA at the FAO headquarters in Rome (see outcomes section of this entry). In 2024, the Hub is working with FAO, SSF Hub, and supporters of IYAFA to strategise and plan for the upcoming SSF Summit that will take place in July 2024. This collaboration has achieved societal impacts by (1) raising awareness on the needs, interests, and human rights of small-scale fishers among national and international stakeholders and (2) strengthening the capacity of a total of 1,466 stakeholders from diverse professional categories including small-scale fisher, researcher, public sector, NGO, and international organization from Africa, South Pacific, the Caribbean, Asia Europe and North America. Events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration have also strengthened gender equality because they speak to predominantly women audience. On average 56% of attendees were women. This is interesting because despite marine sector is a male dominated sector, all our events spoke to a predominately female audience, which also showed the interests and needs for capacity building for women in this field.
Impact Resultant Outcomes • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022, co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. Available from here https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries" published in October 2022, available from here: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881). • A joint policy brief by FAO, One Ocean Hub, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. Available from here: https://ssflex.fao.org/). • One Ocean Hub's small-scale fisheries focused webpage: https://oneoceanhub.org/iyafa/. Peer-reviewed journal articles • Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • Golo HK, Erinosho B. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • Ibrahim S and Golo HK. (2023). "Right to Culture in Marine Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Ghana: Reflections of FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Maritime Studies (under review, submitted September 2023). • Kulundu-Bolus I, McGarry D and Lotz-Sisitka R "Think Piece: Learning, Living and Leading into Transgression - A reflection on decolonial praxis in a neoliberal world." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 36, pp.111-130, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v36i1.14. • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Mbatha P (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Nakamura J, Weston JCL and Lennan M (2023). "International Legal Responses for Protecting Fishers' Fundamental Rights Impacted by a Changing Ocean." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38 (2023, pp. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10141. • Pereira T and Erwin K (2023). "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice, Ecosystems and People, 19:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Rudolph TB, Ruckelshaus M, Swilling M, Allison EH, Österblom H, Gelcich S & Mbatha P. (2020). "A transition to sustainable ocean governance." Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2 • Sowman M et al (2021). "Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Sowman M and Sunde J (2021). "A Just transition? Navigating the process of policy implementation in small-scale fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104683 • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. • Morgera E and Nakamura J, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2 Book chapters: • Ansah JW, Oduro GY, and Wilson D. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Christoffels-du Plessis A., Erinosha, B., Major L., Morgera E., Sunde J. and Vermeylen S. Navigating a sea of laws: Small-scale Fishing Communities and Customary Rights in Ghana and South Africa. In Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (Eds) The Palgrave Book of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan. Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Christoffels-Du Plessis, A., and Sunde, J. 2020. Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for small-scale fisheries in South Africa. In Kerezi, V., Nakamura, J., El Halimi, M., and Chuenpagdee, R. (Eds.) Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries: Global Illustrations. TBTI Global Publication Series, St. John's, NL, Canada, http://toobigtoignore.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/South-Africa_01.pdf • Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. • Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Kanyimba AT & Jonas MN (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15 • Warikandwa TV, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f • Warikandwa TW, Shakalela E, Libebe EL (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14. • Warikandwa TW (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • B Erinosho, L Major, E Morgera, J Sunde and S Vermeylen. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • JW Ansah, GY Oduro, and D Wilson. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Book chapter: E Morgera and J Nakamura, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • HK Golo, S Ibrahim, B Erinosho. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Blogposts and other publications summarising the events and engagements. • Erinosho B, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/. • Febrica S. "Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks," 29 November 2020, https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fisheries-and-blue-justice/. • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised a workshop on sustainable small-scale fisheries law," 28 April 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/1939-2/ • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised webinar on Namibia's small-scale fisheries," 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-food-and-agriculture-organization-and-the-one-ocean-hub-co-organised-webinar-on-namibias-small-scale-fisheries/. • Febrica S, Nakamura J, Sunde J & Warikandwa T, "Strengthening knowledge on national policy and law and their alignment with the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines," 31 January 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/. • Khan U, "Exploring the blue carbon potential in Namibia," 3 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-blue-carbon-potential-in-namibia/. • Morgera E, "Key messages: high level event on small-scale fishers' rights," June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/ • Mthombeni M, "I took my ancestors to the United Nations, and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs," 10 July 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Empatheatre - Changing Understandings and Engagements with ocean dependent communities: Lalela uLwandle," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives Through Documentary Filmmaking," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana -Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-Scale Fisheries," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-scale Fisheries," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact story: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives through Documentary Filmmaking," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Fishers' songs from Ghana to Glasgow - A documentary film 'Cocooned in harmony' screens at the Centre for contemporary arts, "6 April 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-songs-from-ghana-to-glasgow-a-documentary-film-cocooned-in-harmony-screens-at-the-centre-of-contemporary-arts/ • One Ocean Hub, "Partnering with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries," 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-for-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries/. • One Ocean Hub, "Opening a platform for women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana," 29 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ • One Ocean Hub, "Welcoming local NGOs as Hub partners in Ghana, Namibia and South Africa: from seaweed education to human rights legal support," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/welcoming-local-ngos-as-hub-partners-in-ghana-namibia-and-south-africa-from-seaweed-education-to-human-rights-legal-support/ • One Ocean Hub, "Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ • One Ocean Hub, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Pereira T, Francis B and McGarry D, "The unexpected impact of a letter to the minister from One Ocean Hub researchers resulting in an opportunity to facilitate counter hegemonic mapping into transgressive ocean decision making for Amathole Marine Protected Area, South Africa, 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researchers-resulting-in-an-opportunity-to-facilitate-counter-hegemonic-mapping-into-transgressive-ocean-decision-making-for-amath/ • Pereira Kaplan T , "The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment" judge rules in the Shell seismic survey case, 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ • Pereira Kaplan T, "Deepening partnerships with small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/. • Sowman M, Sunde J and Lambrecht M, "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the west coast of South Africa," 7 September 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ • Sunde J. (2022). "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121 https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ • Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. • Samuel MM, Tshiningayamwe S, Jonas M and Kanyimba A. "Exploring ocean benefits, challenges, and prospects with Namibian coastal communities," 4 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-ocean-benefits-challenges-and-prospects-with-namibian-coastal-communities/ • Sunde J, "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Tshiningayamwe S, "Working with marginalised communities for more equitable ocean decision-making and other news from Namibia," 27 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-marginalised-communities-for-more-equitable-ocean-decision-making-and-other-news-from-namibia/. • Veii A and Nghipangelwa S, "Working in a transdisciplinary team to understand climate vulnerability on recreational fishing in Namibia," 26 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part One)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part Two)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/ • Wilson D, "Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa," 1 March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ • Wilson D, "Customary law, tangible and intangible heritage, and ocean governance workshops," 27 June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/ Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • UN Ocean Conference side-event titled "Small in scale, big in value: Stocktaking, partnerships and solutions in support of small-scale fisheries" (led by FAO), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). For more information see here: https://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1529971/. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was invited to: Act as lead discussant at the Interactive dialogue 4 "Making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets," 29 June 2024, in the Tejo Hall of the Conference venue. The event was attended by 50 attendees. For further information, see here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/making-fisheries-sustainable-and-providing-access-small-scale-artisanal-fishers-marine; watch the recording here: https://media.un.org/en/asset/k18/k185g5nkrg Capacity Building Session for UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni in 2020 • Covid-19 Impacts on the South African Small Scale Fisheries Sector: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDeJJG3qt0E. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdbVNhHf6Q. This event was attended by 62 attendees. Workshops co-organised with FAO • Regional Training Workshop on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries, 12-15 April 2021 in South Africa, Namibia and Ghana (April 2021). A total of 177 attendees (57 attendees on Day 1; 47 attendees on Day 2; 43 attendees on Day 3 and 30 attendees on Day 4). • The FAO led Parallel session #4.1 - "SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database" at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress Africa, 21 November 2022. This event was attended by 100 attendees. • A series of two days events titled "Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries: Towards a National Plan of Action for Small Scale Fisheries in Namibia" on 10th-11th June 2021. These series were attended by 70 attendees. UN World Oceans Day Events • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording is available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU. This event was attended by 54 attendees. • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants. GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School • Professor Elisa Morgera and Dr Dylan McGarry presentations in for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: - Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • One Ocean Hub's three led panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022: - The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small scale fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Video, film outputs • Photo-story: Small-scale fishers and human rights, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhqzgSCjfug. • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • Defenders of the Ocean, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'COP27 Children and Youth Pavilion speaker: Camila Awo Dzidzor One Ocean Hub', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A
Start Year 2021
 
Description BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES 
Organisation Blue Ventures
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution This partnership began in 2021 through the FAO's existing programme to support national implementation of the FAO Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) through national legislation. To support this, One Ocean Hub co-hosted with FAO regional workshops with government, community, research, and NGO representation from Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, to identify legislative barriers to the implementation of the FAO voluntary SSF guidelines in each country, thereby contributing to national research, while co-developing a global instrument, the FAO SSF Policy and Legal diagnostic tool in April 2021. Co-design of the regional workshop with South African researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network allowed FAO to shift from a top-down approach that focused on discussing what international law requires from governments to an approach informed by local context, and responds to specific needs of SSF, through international law when national law falls short. Hub researchers facilitated SSF representatives' direct participation in the workshop in varied ways, including voice or video messages that communicated their priorities. SSF and government representatives, as well as non-legal researchers were made aware of how international law is (or is not) applied in the context of South Africa, Ghana and Namibia. This is now informing planning of further inter-disciplinary research that will guide strategies on partnerships with governments and SSF in Ghana. In addition, this regional event led to a follow-up event specifically for Namibia, in collaboration with the FAO, the Hub and the Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Namibia. The webinar series organised on 10-11 June 2021 was titled 'Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries.' It was aimed at providing the evidence required to support the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, which the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which was published in 2022 as part of its commitment to implement the FAO SSF Guidelines. The workshop provided an opportunity to integrate the early research findings from the One Ocean Hub into the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, notably with regard to the inclusion of the views of indigenous communities that have been displaced from the coast (Topnaar). This event led to an invitation for nominations for two experts to sit on Namibia's national task force on SSF (upon acceptance by the Ministry of Fisheries). The key research findings that were shared with FAO focused on the approaches to: • redress marginalisation of previously disadvantaged communities including those that have been historically removed from the coast e.g. the Topnaar community), and • address the diverse capacity-building needs of different stakeholder groups that are expected to benefit from or contribute to implementation (SSF associations, SSF women and youth, town councils, NGOs, and primary schools). In addition, FAO invited the Hub to co-develop two e-learning courses on implementation of the FAO Guidelines on SSF to be housed on the FAO E-learning Academy website (https://elearning.fao.org/). The courses are meant to respond to government officers' and fishers' needs respectively, to implement the FAO Guidelines. The latter will allow SSF to obtain an international certification on the FAO E-learning Academy that contributes to their professional development and recognition of SSF. Two papers by Hub colleagues in Ghana and South Africa were integrated as case studies in the first FAO e-learning course on SSF law and policy (in additions to insights arising from the joint Hub-FAO workshops). A new e-learning course will be co-developed in 2023 with a view to directly addressing the question and challenges of small-scale fishers in invoking international law and human rights in their daily interactions with authorities and other stakeholders, based on Hub partnerships with small-scale fishing organizations in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. In addition, this allowed the Hub to bring together FAO and UNEP into a joint event during World Oceans Week 2021 to discuss directly with SSF representatives from South Africa key challenges. Towards the end of 2021, the collaboration with FAO led to an ambitious joint programme of work to advance the human rights-based approach to small scale fisheries as part of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The joint programme of work advanced understanding of the multiple threats to the rights of small-scale fishers to have a voice in decisions affecting their lives, health, culture and livelihoods, and garner further support for small-scale fishers that act as environmental human rights defenders. We shared key research insights and supported small-scale fisheries representatives to speak directly about their human rights concerns in a high-level event at World Ocean Week (WOW) 2022, to the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment participated. In June 2022, the Hub was invited to join the panelists of the High-level Interactive Dialogue on Fisheries at the UN Ocean Conference, and shared on that occasion the key messages from the WOW event (see report summarising key messages shared during the event here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/). These were then published in late 2022 as the first joint policy brief between FAO and the UNOHCHR, together with the Hub: "Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals" (Available here: https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). This joint programme of work also furthered partnerships with various civil society organizations. WWF Accelerating Coastal Community Led Conservation Initiative for the Oceans Practice reached out to the Hub to join efforts for IYAFA, including joint events at the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 on the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. WWF further invited the One Ocean Hub to join: the Blue Food Alliance that aims to transform our food system to focus on health, justice, and environmental sustainability; and the SSF Network, which arose from the first SSF Summit in September 2022. In addition, Naturskyddsföreningen (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation), Blue Venture, the Too-Big-To-Ignore research programme, and the IUCN Specialist Group on People and the Ocean approached the Hub to contribute to the programme of work for IYAFA. All these civil society partners emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. For the official closing of IYAFA (March 2023), the FAO invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to speak at the high-level closing event and the Empatheatre team from South Africa to perform "Listen to the Sea" immediately afterwards. FAO and the Hub also co-organised a series of hybrid events prior to the closing event: a workshop on art-based approaches to the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa, to explore their replicability in UN and NGO projects (Wed 29th March); a hybrid training on human rights and fisheries with the UNOHCHR and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (29th March); and a hybrid roundtable on WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and small-scale fishers' human rights (31st March). As a result of these activities, the Hub's recommendations on integrating human rights in the agenda of the second SSF Summit (scheduled in July 2024; more information here: https://ssfhub.org/ssf-summit-2024) were included and the Hub was invited to become an official partner of the SSF Hub which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community, and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (November 2023). FAO invited Elisa Morgera to a workshop, 14-16 November 2023, (https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-workshop-towards-creating-an-enabling-environment-for-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries/), Rome that brought together regional and global partners, as well as from various countries, and small-scale fisheries organisations, for experience sharing and learning on the work conducted to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines worldwide, as well as exploring potential areas of future work and collaboration and further enhancing awareness and knowledge of the SSF Guidelines. https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ Finally, the Hub summarised key findings from all these activities in a written submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, who will devote his 2024 report to fisheries, with a focus on the SSF Guidelines. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy. • partner organisations based in the Global South: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; ICCA Consortium, Malaysia; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; Abalobi, South Africa; SmartFish AC, Mexico. • Research organization based in the Global North: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Switzerland; Blue Ventures, UK; Too Big To Ignore, Canada; The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty's Fisheries Working Group, Italy; Conservation International, US; Environmental Defense Fund, US; Fauna & Flora, UK; Blue Ventures, UK; Ocean Outcomes, US; Wildlife Conservation Society, US; Rare, US; WildAid, US; Future of Fish Seattle, US; International Institute for Environment and Development, UK; International Pole & Line Foundation, UK; Oceana, US.
Collaborator Contribution FAO supported the development of the Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) and had already run a pilot regional workshop on their implementation through legislation. FAO is a member of the Executive Team of the One Ocean Hub and based on the early findings from the Hub on the need to further clarify the human rights-based approach to fisheries (Morgera and Nakamura, 2021), FAO invited the Hub to co-develop a diagnostic tool, co-organize another regional workshop in Hub countries and develop further e-learning tools. FAO provided USD 37,450 of in-kind match funding from FAO consultants to support course development. To support the planning and the organisation of the joint programme for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries in 2022, the FAO and UNEP has also provided in-kind support, in the form of staff time. The expansion of the partnership to the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a first for the ocean community and has provided invaluable insights for the Hub researchers, and their UN and civil society partners on how to rely on the international human rights monitoring system to support small-scale fishers on the ground when governments are falling behind in implementing their international commitments. The partnership has brought together a new Hub's inter-disciplinary team that has connected research across disciplines and scales. University of Strathclyde, Law School, Nelson Mandela University, University of Cape Coast and University of Namibia provide legal expertise. Rhodes University, Cape Town University, University of Namibia and University of Cape Coast provide sociological research co-developed with small-scale fishing communities. As an inter-disciplinary and cross-scale group we made significant progress towards channeling available legal, technical and strategic international support towards ocean-dependent communities in focus countries, as well as upscaling relevant findings to benefit other ODA-recipient countries. We contributed to focusing international support on SSF according to their needs as co-identified with Hub researchers. Our cross-scale approach has also opened pathways for marshalling international support towards, indigenous peoples and coastal communities negatively affected by blue economy initiatives ("ocean defenders"), and women and children negatively affected by unsustainable uses of the ocean. Support at the international level lends cachet to local advocacy efforts and influences systemic change at the national level. We achieved this progress by developing work programmes with international partners that are active across scales (national, regional and international), forming a nested approach to pathways to the Hub's national and international impact, and by: • co-developing research from the outset with international partners; • systematically sharing early findings through partners' ongoing capacity-building activities or co-developing new capacity-building activities, to engage in direct dialogue with their beneficiary country representatives; • proactively sharing early findings that contribute to international partners' own planning and agenda-setting activities; and • strategically utilising the strength of Hub partnerships with international organisations to leverage further support towards Hub objectives from other international partners. In doing so, we have built the capacity of: • South African, Ghanaian and Namibian community representatives to engage directly in international debates, while addressing their practical constraints and other, more pressing demands on their time; • communities to participate in national policy-making processes; • researchers to engage directly with international partners, as an essential skillset for researchers who have not yet worked across scales, so they can develop meaningful cross-scale networks; and • international partners and processes to adapt their modalities to accommodate community representatives' needs. As part of the Hub's ongoing partnership with FAO, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa contributed to the development and launch of a new international database called SSF-LEX (https://ssflex.fao.org/) that serves to identify relevant national law and policy instruments for small-scale fisheries and to assess whether there is alignment with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. It provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The purpose of the database is to help identify good State practices and needs for improvements. Hub early-career researcher Julia Nakamura (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-led the team in FAO that developed SSF-LEX, while Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tapiwa Warikandwa (University of Namibia, Namibia) reviewed and contributed to the SSF-LEX's country profiles of Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa (More information on Hub's contributions to the SSF-LEX is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). Julia Nakamura co-organised the launch of 'SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database' at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress-Africa (Cape Town, South Africa, 21-23 November 2022) on 23 November 2022, with a view to addressing fisheries managers, legal practitioners, scientists, academics, governments representatives, non-governmental stakeholders, fishers, and fishing communities. Jackie Sunde was invited as a panelists, who reflected on the usefulness of SSF-LEX to fishers, academics and human rights lawyers, from the South African perspective (More information on the SSF-LEX launch event could be found here: https://www.fao.org/legal-services/news/news-detail/en/c/1624163/). In November 2023, the Hub became an official partner of the Small-Scale Fisheries Resource & Collaboration Hub ("SSF Hub"), which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The Hub has been participating in regular meetings with the SSF Hub partners, sharing research, approaches and resources to support the following vision: "Small-scale fisheries and communities that are resilient, thriving and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) (https://oneoceanhub.org/becoming-official-partners-of-the-ssf-hub/). In October 2023 the SSF Hub shared various resources in their online library/ resources database such as our video recordings of "Fostering Cooperation Among Relevant UN bodies to Advance Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights" organised for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 14 November 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fostering-cooperation-among-relevant-un-bodies-advance-small-scale-fishers-human-rights); "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities & Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" organized on 7 June 2023 for the UN World Oceans Day 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/exploring-challenges-opportunities-alliances-protection-small-scale-fishers-human-rights) and "A Fishing Heritage in Peril", Artwork from DEEP Fund Project 'Fishers Tales" (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fishing-heritage-peril-artwork-deep-fund-project-fishers-tales). A complete list of the One Ocean Hub resources that are available on the SSF Hub can be found here: https://ssfhub.org/contributing-organization/one-ocean-hub. The Hub contributed to three submissions to the call by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to give inputs on his upcoming report on fisheries: • The KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum provided evidence on limitations in public participation in decision-making in South Africa, including on oil and gas development, as well as ocean master plan and marine protected areas. In addition, the evidence called attention to the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' tenure. • Jackie Sunde, University of Cape Town, also provided evidence on the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa in the context of the expansion of marine transport, ports and energy infrastructure. The submission also noted the need to recognize women's contributions to the value chain in the traditional line fish sector, as it provides multiple sources of food to different groups in a community but is not factored into fisheries policy making and rights allocation. More information here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/e19cnpbel7h4a7lap7ked6fdch. • A submission by Elisa Morgera shared comparative insights from research in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia and in the Caribbean, about the misrecognition and disrespect of the cultural rights of small-scale fishers (their spiritual and cultural connections to marine spaces, their distinctive knowledge systems, and their customary laws) - within and outside the fisheries sector - as one of the root causes of the violations of their right to food, as well as their participation in relevant policy processes. This submission also pointed to: lack of strategic environmental assessments for various policy areas that negatively affect fisheries and marine biodiversity (such as mining, infrastructure development, tourism), as well as the lack of national legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for large-scale fisheries (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12462); the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; and good practices that have strengthened the recognition, protection and remedies for small-scale fishers (Empatheatre in South Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf; documentary on fishers' songs in Ghana, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf; documentary with displaced Indigenous peoples in Namibia, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; Coastal Justice Network in South Africa, https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/; and pop-up clinics to provide women in small-scale fishing communities legal advice, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf: and direct academic research and action towards their legal needs. Read the written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/m1aqqg2i11g7dmfa1ddsvqpvag. This collaboration has brought notable policy impacts. As explained above, Hub's research, experience, and practices have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. The Tool aims to support the identification of barriers and opportunities to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) in the Context of Food in national laws and policies. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022). This five-lesson course provides guidance on how to assess existing legal and policy frameworks for fisheries in a specific country, explains how to legislate for small-scale fisheries, and outlines the main components of small-scale fisheries-specific legislation. It aims at helping professionals engaged in dialogue on policy and legislation processes and actions at all levels relating to small-scale fisheries, as well as at academic institutions and members of the general public interested in the subject (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. In the context of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the collaborative research initiative One Ocean Hub have been collaborating to raise awareness of the full scope of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. This policy brief aims to clarify the scope of the international human rights-based approach, including the corresponding State obligations, and to highlight how the coherent protection of these rights supports the realization of multiple Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements (https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). • Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA (e.g. WWF, Blue Ventures. Significance of Hub's contributions was evident from invitation to Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, to present Hub's research findings at the official high-level closing ceremony of IYAFA at the FAO headquarters in Rome (see outcomes section of this entry). In 2024, the Hub is working with FAO, SSF Hub, and supporters of IYAFA to strategise and plan for the upcoming SSF Summit that will take place in July 2024. This collaboration has achieved societal impacts by (1) raising awareness on the needs, interests, and human rights of small-scale fishers among national and international stakeholders and (2) strengthening the capacity of a total of 1,466 stakeholders from diverse professional categories including small-scale fisher, researcher, public sector, NGO, and international organization from Africa, South Pacific, the Caribbean, Asia Europe and North America. Events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration have also strengthened gender equality because they speak to predominantly women audience. On average 56% of attendees were women. This is interesting because despite marine sector is a male dominated sector, all our events spoke to a predominately female audience, which also showed the interests and needs for capacity building for women in this field.
Impact Resultant Outcomes • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022, co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. Available from here https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries" published in October 2022, available from here: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881). • A joint policy brief by FAO, One Ocean Hub, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. Available from here: https://ssflex.fao.org/). • One Ocean Hub's small-scale fisheries focused webpage: https://oneoceanhub.org/iyafa/. Peer-reviewed journal articles • Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • Golo HK, Erinosho B. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • Ibrahim S and Golo HK. (2023). "Right to Culture in Marine Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Ghana: Reflections of FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Maritime Studies (under review, submitted September 2023). • Kulundu-Bolus I, McGarry D and Lotz-Sisitka R "Think Piece: Learning, Living and Leading into Transgression - A reflection on decolonial praxis in a neoliberal world." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 36, pp.111-130, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v36i1.14. • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Mbatha P (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Nakamura J, Weston JCL and Lennan M (2023). "International Legal Responses for Protecting Fishers' Fundamental Rights Impacted by a Changing Ocean." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38 (2023, pp. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10141. • Pereira T and Erwin K (2023). "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice, Ecosystems and People, 19:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Rudolph TB, Ruckelshaus M, Swilling M, Allison EH, Österblom H, Gelcich S & Mbatha P. (2020). "A transition to sustainable ocean governance." Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2 • Sowman M et al (2021). "Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Sowman M and Sunde J (2021). "A Just transition? Navigating the process of policy implementation in small-scale fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104683 • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. • Morgera E and Nakamura J, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2 Book chapters: • Ansah JW, Oduro GY, and Wilson D. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Christoffels-du Plessis A., Erinosha, B., Major L., Morgera E., Sunde J. and Vermeylen S. Navigating a sea of laws: Small-scale Fishing Communities and Customary Rights in Ghana and South Africa. In Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (Eds) The Palgrave Book of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan. Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Christoffels-Du Plessis, A., and Sunde, J. 2020. Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for small-scale fisheries in South Africa. In Kerezi, V., Nakamura, J., El Halimi, M., and Chuenpagdee, R. (Eds.) Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries: Global Illustrations. TBTI Global Publication Series, St. John's, NL, Canada, http://toobigtoignore.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/South-Africa_01.pdf • Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. • Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Kanyimba AT & Jonas MN (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15 • Warikandwa TV, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f • Warikandwa TW, Shakalela E, Libebe EL (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14. • Warikandwa TW (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • B Erinosho, L Major, E Morgera, J Sunde and S Vermeylen. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • JW Ansah, GY Oduro, and D Wilson. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Book chapter: E Morgera and J Nakamura, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • HK Golo, S Ibrahim, B Erinosho. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Blogposts and other publications summarising the events and engagements. • Erinosho B, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/. • Febrica S. "Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks," 29 November 2020, https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fisheries-and-blue-justice/. • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised a workshop on sustainable small-scale fisheries law," 28 April 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/1939-2/ • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised webinar on Namibia's small-scale fisheries," 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-food-and-agriculture-organization-and-the-one-ocean-hub-co-organised-webinar-on-namibias-small-scale-fisheries/. • Febrica S, Nakamura J, Sunde J & Warikandwa T, "Strengthening knowledge on national policy and law and their alignment with the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines," 31 January 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/. • Khan U, "Exploring the blue carbon potential in Namibia," 3 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-blue-carbon-potential-in-namibia/. • Morgera E, "Key messages: high level event on small-scale fishers' rights," June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/ • Mthombeni M, "I took my ancestors to the United Nations, and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs," 10 July 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Empatheatre - Changing Understandings and Engagements with ocean dependent communities: Lalela uLwandle," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives Through Documentary Filmmaking," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana -Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-Scale Fisheries," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-scale Fisheries," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact story: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives through Documentary Filmmaking," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Fishers' songs from Ghana to Glasgow - A documentary film 'Cocooned in harmony' screens at the Centre for contemporary arts, "6 April 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-songs-from-ghana-to-glasgow-a-documentary-film-cocooned-in-harmony-screens-at-the-centre-of-contemporary-arts/ • One Ocean Hub, "Partnering with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries," 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-for-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries/. • One Ocean Hub, "Opening a platform for women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana," 29 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ • One Ocean Hub, "Welcoming local NGOs as Hub partners in Ghana, Namibia and South Africa: from seaweed education to human rights legal support," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/welcoming-local-ngos-as-hub-partners-in-ghana-namibia-and-south-africa-from-seaweed-education-to-human-rights-legal-support/ • One Ocean Hub, "Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ • One Ocean Hub, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Pereira T, Francis B and McGarry D, "The unexpected impact of a letter to the minister from One Ocean Hub researchers resulting in an opportunity to facilitate counter hegemonic mapping into transgressive ocean decision making for Amathole Marine Protected Area, South Africa, 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researchers-resulting-in-an-opportunity-to-facilitate-counter-hegemonic-mapping-into-transgressive-ocean-decision-making-for-amath/ • Pereira Kaplan T , "The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment" judge rules in the Shell seismic survey case, 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ • Pereira Kaplan T, "Deepening partnerships with small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/. • Sowman M, Sunde J and Lambrecht M, "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the west coast of South Africa," 7 September 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ • Sunde J. (2022). "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121 https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ • Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. • Samuel MM, Tshiningayamwe S, Jonas M and Kanyimba A. "Exploring ocean benefits, challenges, and prospects with Namibian coastal communities," 4 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-ocean-benefits-challenges-and-prospects-with-namibian-coastal-communities/ • Sunde J, "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Tshiningayamwe S, "Working with marginalised communities for more equitable ocean decision-making and other news from Namibia," 27 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-marginalised-communities-for-more-equitable-ocean-decision-making-and-other-news-from-namibia/. • Veii A and Nghipangelwa S, "Working in a transdisciplinary team to understand climate vulnerability on recreational fishing in Namibia," 26 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part One)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part Two)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/ • Wilson D, "Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa," 1 March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ • Wilson D, "Customary law, tangible and intangible heritage, and ocean governance workshops," 27 June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/ Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • UN Ocean Conference side-event titled "Small in scale, big in value: Stocktaking, partnerships and solutions in support of small-scale fisheries" (led by FAO), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). For more information see here: https://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1529971/. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was invited to: Act as lead discussant at the Interactive dialogue 4 "Making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets," 29 June 2024, in the Tejo Hall of the Conference venue. The event was attended by 50 attendees. For further information, see here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/making-fisheries-sustainable-and-providing-access-small-scale-artisanal-fishers-marine; watch the recording here: https://media.un.org/en/asset/k18/k185g5nkrg Capacity Building Session for UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni in 2020 • Covid-19 Impacts on the South African Small Scale Fisheries Sector: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDeJJG3qt0E. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdbVNhHf6Q. This event was attended by 62 attendees. Workshops co-organised with FAO • Regional Training Workshop on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries, 12-15 April 2021 in South Africa, Namibia and Ghana (April 2021). A total of 177 attendees (57 attendees on Day 1; 47 attendees on Day 2; 43 attendees on Day 3 and 30 attendees on Day 4). • The FAO led Parallel session #4.1 - "SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database" at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress Africa, 21 November 2022. This event was attended by 100 attendees. • A series of two days events titled "Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries: Towards a National Plan of Action for Small Scale Fisheries in Namibia" on 10th-11th June 2021. These series were attended by 70 attendees. UN World Oceans Day Events • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording is available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU. This event was attended by 54 attendees. • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants. GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School • Professor Elisa Morgera and Dr Dylan McGarry presentations in for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: - Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • One Ocean Hub's three led panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022: - The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small scale fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Video, film outputs • Photo-story: Small-scale fishers and human rights, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhqzgSCjfug. • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • Defenders of the Ocean, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'COP27 Children and Youth Pavilion speaker: Camila Awo Dzidzor One Ocean Hub', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A
Start Year 2021
 
Description BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES 
Organisation Conservation International
Country United States 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution This partnership began in 2021 through the FAO's existing programme to support national implementation of the FAO Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) through national legislation. To support this, One Ocean Hub co-hosted with FAO regional workshops with government, community, research, and NGO representation from Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, to identify legislative barriers to the implementation of the FAO voluntary SSF guidelines in each country, thereby contributing to national research, while co-developing a global instrument, the FAO SSF Policy and Legal diagnostic tool in April 2021. Co-design of the regional workshop with South African researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network allowed FAO to shift from a top-down approach that focused on discussing what international law requires from governments to an approach informed by local context, and responds to specific needs of SSF, through international law when national law falls short. Hub researchers facilitated SSF representatives' direct participation in the workshop in varied ways, including voice or video messages that communicated their priorities. SSF and government representatives, as well as non-legal researchers were made aware of how international law is (or is not) applied in the context of South Africa, Ghana and Namibia. This is now informing planning of further inter-disciplinary research that will guide strategies on partnerships with governments and SSF in Ghana. In addition, this regional event led to a follow-up event specifically for Namibia, in collaboration with the FAO, the Hub and the Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Namibia. The webinar series organised on 10-11 June 2021 was titled 'Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries.' It was aimed at providing the evidence required to support the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, which the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which was published in 2022 as part of its commitment to implement the FAO SSF Guidelines. The workshop provided an opportunity to integrate the early research findings from the One Ocean Hub into the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, notably with regard to the inclusion of the views of indigenous communities that have been displaced from the coast (Topnaar). This event led to an invitation for nominations for two experts to sit on Namibia's national task force on SSF (upon acceptance by the Ministry of Fisheries). The key research findings that were shared with FAO focused on the approaches to: • redress marginalisation of previously disadvantaged communities including those that have been historically removed from the coast e.g. the Topnaar community), and • address the diverse capacity-building needs of different stakeholder groups that are expected to benefit from or contribute to implementation (SSF associations, SSF women and youth, town councils, NGOs, and primary schools). In addition, FAO invited the Hub to co-develop two e-learning courses on implementation of the FAO Guidelines on SSF to be housed on the FAO E-learning Academy website (https://elearning.fao.org/). The courses are meant to respond to government officers' and fishers' needs respectively, to implement the FAO Guidelines. The latter will allow SSF to obtain an international certification on the FAO E-learning Academy that contributes to their professional development and recognition of SSF. Two papers by Hub colleagues in Ghana and South Africa were integrated as case studies in the first FAO e-learning course on SSF law and policy (in additions to insights arising from the joint Hub-FAO workshops). A new e-learning course will be co-developed in 2023 with a view to directly addressing the question and challenges of small-scale fishers in invoking international law and human rights in their daily interactions with authorities and other stakeholders, based on Hub partnerships with small-scale fishing organizations in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. In addition, this allowed the Hub to bring together FAO and UNEP into a joint event during World Oceans Week 2021 to discuss directly with SSF representatives from South Africa key challenges. Towards the end of 2021, the collaboration with FAO led to an ambitious joint programme of work to advance the human rights-based approach to small scale fisheries as part of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The joint programme of work advanced understanding of the multiple threats to the rights of small-scale fishers to have a voice in decisions affecting their lives, health, culture and livelihoods, and garner further support for small-scale fishers that act as environmental human rights defenders. We shared key research insights and supported small-scale fisheries representatives to speak directly about their human rights concerns in a high-level event at World Ocean Week (WOW) 2022, to the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment participated. In June 2022, the Hub was invited to join the panelists of the High-level Interactive Dialogue on Fisheries at the UN Ocean Conference, and shared on that occasion the key messages from the WOW event (see report summarising key messages shared during the event here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/). These were then published in late 2022 as the first joint policy brief between FAO and the UNOHCHR, together with the Hub: "Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals" (Available here: https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). This joint programme of work also furthered partnerships with various civil society organizations. WWF Accelerating Coastal Community Led Conservation Initiative for the Oceans Practice reached out to the Hub to join efforts for IYAFA, including joint events at the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 on the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. WWF further invited the One Ocean Hub to join: the Blue Food Alliance that aims to transform our food system to focus on health, justice, and environmental sustainability; and the SSF Network, which arose from the first SSF Summit in September 2022. In addition, Naturskyddsföreningen (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation), Blue Venture, the Too-Big-To-Ignore research programme, and the IUCN Specialist Group on People and the Ocean approached the Hub to contribute to the programme of work for IYAFA. All these civil society partners emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. For the official closing of IYAFA (March 2023), the FAO invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to speak at the high-level closing event and the Empatheatre team from South Africa to perform "Listen to the Sea" immediately afterwards. FAO and the Hub also co-organised a series of hybrid events prior to the closing event: a workshop on art-based approaches to the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa, to explore their replicability in UN and NGO projects (Wed 29th March); a hybrid training on human rights and fisheries with the UNOHCHR and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (29th March); and a hybrid roundtable on WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and small-scale fishers' human rights (31st March). As a result of these activities, the Hub's recommendations on integrating human rights in the agenda of the second SSF Summit (scheduled in July 2024; more information here: https://ssfhub.org/ssf-summit-2024) were included and the Hub was invited to become an official partner of the SSF Hub which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community, and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (November 2023). FAO invited Elisa Morgera to a workshop, 14-16 November 2023, (https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-workshop-towards-creating-an-enabling-environment-for-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries/), Rome that brought together regional and global partners, as well as from various countries, and small-scale fisheries organisations, for experience sharing and learning on the work conducted to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines worldwide, as well as exploring potential areas of future work and collaboration and further enhancing awareness and knowledge of the SSF Guidelines. https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ Finally, the Hub summarised key findings from all these activities in a written submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, who will devote his 2024 report to fisheries, with a focus on the SSF Guidelines. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy. • partner organisations based in the Global South: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; ICCA Consortium, Malaysia; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; Abalobi, South Africa; SmartFish AC, Mexico. • Research organization based in the Global North: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Switzerland; Blue Ventures, UK; Too Big To Ignore, Canada; The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty's Fisheries Working Group, Italy; Conservation International, US; Environmental Defense Fund, US; Fauna & Flora, UK; Blue Ventures, UK; Ocean Outcomes, US; Wildlife Conservation Society, US; Rare, US; WildAid, US; Future of Fish Seattle, US; International Institute for Environment and Development, UK; International Pole & Line Foundation, UK; Oceana, US.
Collaborator Contribution FAO supported the development of the Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) and had already run a pilot regional workshop on their implementation through legislation. FAO is a member of the Executive Team of the One Ocean Hub and based on the early findings from the Hub on the need to further clarify the human rights-based approach to fisheries (Morgera and Nakamura, 2021), FAO invited the Hub to co-develop a diagnostic tool, co-organize another regional workshop in Hub countries and develop further e-learning tools. FAO provided USD 37,450 of in-kind match funding from FAO consultants to support course development. To support the planning and the organisation of the joint programme for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries in 2022, the FAO and UNEP has also provided in-kind support, in the form of staff time. The expansion of the partnership to the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a first for the ocean community and has provided invaluable insights for the Hub researchers, and their UN and civil society partners on how to rely on the international human rights monitoring system to support small-scale fishers on the ground when governments are falling behind in implementing their international commitments. The partnership has brought together a new Hub's inter-disciplinary team that has connected research across disciplines and scales. University of Strathclyde, Law School, Nelson Mandela University, University of Cape Coast and University of Namibia provide legal expertise. Rhodes University, Cape Town University, University of Namibia and University of Cape Coast provide sociological research co-developed with small-scale fishing communities. As an inter-disciplinary and cross-scale group we made significant progress towards channeling available legal, technical and strategic international support towards ocean-dependent communities in focus countries, as well as upscaling relevant findings to benefit other ODA-recipient countries. We contributed to focusing international support on SSF according to their needs as co-identified with Hub researchers. Our cross-scale approach has also opened pathways for marshalling international support towards, indigenous peoples and coastal communities negatively affected by blue economy initiatives ("ocean defenders"), and women and children negatively affected by unsustainable uses of the ocean. Support at the international level lends cachet to local advocacy efforts and influences systemic change at the national level. We achieved this progress by developing work programmes with international partners that are active across scales (national, regional and international), forming a nested approach to pathways to the Hub's national and international impact, and by: • co-developing research from the outset with international partners; • systematically sharing early findings through partners' ongoing capacity-building activities or co-developing new capacity-building activities, to engage in direct dialogue with their beneficiary country representatives; • proactively sharing early findings that contribute to international partners' own planning and agenda-setting activities; and • strategically utilising the strength of Hub partnerships with international organisations to leverage further support towards Hub objectives from other international partners. In doing so, we have built the capacity of: • South African, Ghanaian and Namibian community representatives to engage directly in international debates, while addressing their practical constraints and other, more pressing demands on their time; • communities to participate in national policy-making processes; • researchers to engage directly with international partners, as an essential skillset for researchers who have not yet worked across scales, so they can develop meaningful cross-scale networks; and • international partners and processes to adapt their modalities to accommodate community representatives' needs. As part of the Hub's ongoing partnership with FAO, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa contributed to the development and launch of a new international database called SSF-LEX (https://ssflex.fao.org/) that serves to identify relevant national law and policy instruments for small-scale fisheries and to assess whether there is alignment with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. It provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The purpose of the database is to help identify good State practices and needs for improvements. Hub early-career researcher Julia Nakamura (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-led the team in FAO that developed SSF-LEX, while Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tapiwa Warikandwa (University of Namibia, Namibia) reviewed and contributed to the SSF-LEX's country profiles of Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa (More information on Hub's contributions to the SSF-LEX is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). Julia Nakamura co-organised the launch of 'SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database' at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress-Africa (Cape Town, South Africa, 21-23 November 2022) on 23 November 2022, with a view to addressing fisheries managers, legal practitioners, scientists, academics, governments representatives, non-governmental stakeholders, fishers, and fishing communities. Jackie Sunde was invited as a panelists, who reflected on the usefulness of SSF-LEX to fishers, academics and human rights lawyers, from the South African perspective (More information on the SSF-LEX launch event could be found here: https://www.fao.org/legal-services/news/news-detail/en/c/1624163/). In November 2023, the Hub became an official partner of the Small-Scale Fisheries Resource & Collaboration Hub ("SSF Hub"), which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The Hub has been participating in regular meetings with the SSF Hub partners, sharing research, approaches and resources to support the following vision: "Small-scale fisheries and communities that are resilient, thriving and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) (https://oneoceanhub.org/becoming-official-partners-of-the-ssf-hub/). In October 2023 the SSF Hub shared various resources in their online library/ resources database such as our video recordings of "Fostering Cooperation Among Relevant UN bodies to Advance Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights" organised for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 14 November 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fostering-cooperation-among-relevant-un-bodies-advance-small-scale-fishers-human-rights); "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities & Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" organized on 7 June 2023 for the UN World Oceans Day 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/exploring-challenges-opportunities-alliances-protection-small-scale-fishers-human-rights) and "A Fishing Heritage in Peril", Artwork from DEEP Fund Project 'Fishers Tales" (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fishing-heritage-peril-artwork-deep-fund-project-fishers-tales). A complete list of the One Ocean Hub resources that are available on the SSF Hub can be found here: https://ssfhub.org/contributing-organization/one-ocean-hub. The Hub contributed to three submissions to the call by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to give inputs on his upcoming report on fisheries: • The KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum provided evidence on limitations in public participation in decision-making in South Africa, including on oil and gas development, as well as ocean master plan and marine protected areas. In addition, the evidence called attention to the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' tenure. • Jackie Sunde, University of Cape Town, also provided evidence on the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa in the context of the expansion of marine transport, ports and energy infrastructure. The submission also noted the need to recognize women's contributions to the value chain in the traditional line fish sector, as it provides multiple sources of food to different groups in a community but is not factored into fisheries policy making and rights allocation. More information here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/e19cnpbel7h4a7lap7ked6fdch. • A submission by Elisa Morgera shared comparative insights from research in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia and in the Caribbean, about the misrecognition and disrespect of the cultural rights of small-scale fishers (their spiritual and cultural connections to marine spaces, their distinctive knowledge systems, and their customary laws) - within and outside the fisheries sector - as one of the root causes of the violations of their right to food, as well as their participation in relevant policy processes. This submission also pointed to: lack of strategic environmental assessments for various policy areas that negatively affect fisheries and marine biodiversity (such as mining, infrastructure development, tourism), as well as the lack of national legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for large-scale fisheries (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12462); the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; and good practices that have strengthened the recognition, protection and remedies for small-scale fishers (Empatheatre in South Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf; documentary on fishers' songs in Ghana, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf; documentary with displaced Indigenous peoples in Namibia, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; Coastal Justice Network in South Africa, https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/; and pop-up clinics to provide women in small-scale fishing communities legal advice, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf: and direct academic research and action towards their legal needs. Read the written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/m1aqqg2i11g7dmfa1ddsvqpvag. This collaboration has brought notable policy impacts. As explained above, Hub's research, experience, and practices have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. The Tool aims to support the identification of barriers and opportunities to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) in the Context of Food in national laws and policies. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022). This five-lesson course provides guidance on how to assess existing legal and policy frameworks for fisheries in a specific country, explains how to legislate for small-scale fisheries, and outlines the main components of small-scale fisheries-specific legislation. It aims at helping professionals engaged in dialogue on policy and legislation processes and actions at all levels relating to small-scale fisheries, as well as at academic institutions and members of the general public interested in the subject (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. In the context of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the collaborative research initiative One Ocean Hub have been collaborating to raise awareness of the full scope of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. This policy brief aims to clarify the scope of the international human rights-based approach, including the corresponding State obligations, and to highlight how the coherent protection of these rights supports the realization of multiple Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements (https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). • Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA (e.g. WWF, Blue Ventures. Significance of Hub's contributions was evident from invitation to Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, to present Hub's research findings at the official high-level closing ceremony of IYAFA at the FAO headquarters in Rome (see outcomes section of this entry). In 2024, the Hub is working with FAO, SSF Hub, and supporters of IYAFA to strategise and plan for the upcoming SSF Summit that will take place in July 2024. This collaboration has achieved societal impacts by (1) raising awareness on the needs, interests, and human rights of small-scale fishers among national and international stakeholders and (2) strengthening the capacity of a total of 1,466 stakeholders from diverse professional categories including small-scale fisher, researcher, public sector, NGO, and international organization from Africa, South Pacific, the Caribbean, Asia Europe and North America. Events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration have also strengthened gender equality because they speak to predominantly women audience. On average 56% of attendees were women. This is interesting because despite marine sector is a male dominated sector, all our events spoke to a predominately female audience, which also showed the interests and needs for capacity building for women in this field.
Impact Resultant Outcomes • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022, co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. Available from here https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries" published in October 2022, available from here: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881). • A joint policy brief by FAO, One Ocean Hub, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. Available from here: https://ssflex.fao.org/). • One Ocean Hub's small-scale fisheries focused webpage: https://oneoceanhub.org/iyafa/. Peer-reviewed journal articles • Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • Golo HK, Erinosho B. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • Ibrahim S and Golo HK. (2023). "Right to Culture in Marine Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Ghana: Reflections of FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Maritime Studies (under review, submitted September 2023). • Kulundu-Bolus I, McGarry D and Lotz-Sisitka R "Think Piece: Learning, Living and Leading into Transgression - A reflection on decolonial praxis in a neoliberal world." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 36, pp.111-130, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v36i1.14. • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Mbatha P (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Nakamura J, Weston JCL and Lennan M (2023). "International Legal Responses for Protecting Fishers' Fundamental Rights Impacted by a Changing Ocean." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38 (2023, pp. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10141. • Pereira T and Erwin K (2023). "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice, Ecosystems and People, 19:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Rudolph TB, Ruckelshaus M, Swilling M, Allison EH, Österblom H, Gelcich S & Mbatha P. (2020). "A transition to sustainable ocean governance." Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2 • Sowman M et al (2021). "Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Sowman M and Sunde J (2021). "A Just transition? Navigating the process of policy implementation in small-scale fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104683 • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. • Morgera E and Nakamura J, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2 Book chapters: • Ansah JW, Oduro GY, and Wilson D. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Christoffels-du Plessis A., Erinosha, B., Major L., Morgera E., Sunde J. and Vermeylen S. Navigating a sea of laws: Small-scale Fishing Communities and Customary Rights in Ghana and South Africa. In Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (Eds) The Palgrave Book of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan. Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Christoffels-Du Plessis, A., and Sunde, J. 2020. Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for small-scale fisheries in South Africa. In Kerezi, V., Nakamura, J., El Halimi, M., and Chuenpagdee, R. (Eds.) Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries: Global Illustrations. TBTI Global Publication Series, St. John's, NL, Canada, http://toobigtoignore.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/South-Africa_01.pdf • Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. • Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Kanyimba AT & Jonas MN (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15 • Warikandwa TV, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f • Warikandwa TW, Shakalela E, Libebe EL (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14. • Warikandwa TW (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • B Erinosho, L Major, E Morgera, J Sunde and S Vermeylen. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • JW Ansah, GY Oduro, and D Wilson. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Book chapter: E Morgera and J Nakamura, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • HK Golo, S Ibrahim, B Erinosho. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Blogposts and other publications summarising the events and engagements. • Erinosho B, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/. • Febrica S. "Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks," 29 November 2020, https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fisheries-and-blue-justice/. • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised a workshop on sustainable small-scale fisheries law," 28 April 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/1939-2/ • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised webinar on Namibia's small-scale fisheries," 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-food-and-agriculture-organization-and-the-one-ocean-hub-co-organised-webinar-on-namibias-small-scale-fisheries/. • Febrica S, Nakamura J, Sunde J & Warikandwa T, "Strengthening knowledge on national policy and law and their alignment with the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines," 31 January 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/. • Khan U, "Exploring the blue carbon potential in Namibia," 3 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-blue-carbon-potential-in-namibia/. • Morgera E, "Key messages: high level event on small-scale fishers' rights," June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/ • Mthombeni M, "I took my ancestors to the United Nations, and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs," 10 July 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Empatheatre - Changing Understandings and Engagements with ocean dependent communities: Lalela uLwandle," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives Through Documentary Filmmaking," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana -Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-Scale Fisheries," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-scale Fisheries," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact story: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives through Documentary Filmmaking," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Fishers' songs from Ghana to Glasgow - A documentary film 'Cocooned in harmony' screens at the Centre for contemporary arts, "6 April 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-songs-from-ghana-to-glasgow-a-documentary-film-cocooned-in-harmony-screens-at-the-centre-of-contemporary-arts/ • One Ocean Hub, "Partnering with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries," 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-for-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries/. • One Ocean Hub, "Opening a platform for women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana," 29 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ • One Ocean Hub, "Welcoming local NGOs as Hub partners in Ghana, Namibia and South Africa: from seaweed education to human rights legal support," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/welcoming-local-ngos-as-hub-partners-in-ghana-namibia-and-south-africa-from-seaweed-education-to-human-rights-legal-support/ • One Ocean Hub, "Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ • One Ocean Hub, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Pereira T, Francis B and McGarry D, "The unexpected impact of a letter to the minister from One Ocean Hub researchers resulting in an opportunity to facilitate counter hegemonic mapping into transgressive ocean decision making for Amathole Marine Protected Area, South Africa, 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researchers-resulting-in-an-opportunity-to-facilitate-counter-hegemonic-mapping-into-transgressive-ocean-decision-making-for-amath/ • Pereira Kaplan T , "The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment" judge rules in the Shell seismic survey case, 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ • Pereira Kaplan T, "Deepening partnerships with small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/. • Sowman M, Sunde J and Lambrecht M, "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the west coast of South Africa," 7 September 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ • Sunde J. (2022). "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121 https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ • Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. • Samuel MM, Tshiningayamwe S, Jonas M and Kanyimba A. "Exploring ocean benefits, challenges, and prospects with Namibian coastal communities," 4 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-ocean-benefits-challenges-and-prospects-with-namibian-coastal-communities/ • Sunde J, "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Tshiningayamwe S, "Working with marginalised communities for more equitable ocean decision-making and other news from Namibia," 27 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-marginalised-communities-for-more-equitable-ocean-decision-making-and-other-news-from-namibia/. • Veii A and Nghipangelwa S, "Working in a transdisciplinary team to understand climate vulnerability on recreational fishing in Namibia," 26 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part One)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part Two)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/ • Wilson D, "Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa," 1 March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ • Wilson D, "Customary law, tangible and intangible heritage, and ocean governance workshops," 27 June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/ Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • UN Ocean Conference side-event titled "Small in scale, big in value: Stocktaking, partnerships and solutions in support of small-scale fisheries" (led by FAO), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). For more information see here: https://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1529971/. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was invited to: Act as lead discussant at the Interactive dialogue 4 "Making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets," 29 June 2024, in the Tejo Hall of the Conference venue. The event was attended by 50 attendees. For further information, see here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/making-fisheries-sustainable-and-providing-access-small-scale-artisanal-fishers-marine; watch the recording here: https://media.un.org/en/asset/k18/k185g5nkrg Capacity Building Session for UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni in 2020 • Covid-19 Impacts on the South African Small Scale Fisheries Sector: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDeJJG3qt0E. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdbVNhHf6Q. This event was attended by 62 attendees. Workshops co-organised with FAO • Regional Training Workshop on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries, 12-15 April 2021 in South Africa, Namibia and Ghana (April 2021). A total of 177 attendees (57 attendees on Day 1; 47 attendees on Day 2; 43 attendees on Day 3 and 30 attendees on Day 4). • The FAO led Parallel session #4.1 - "SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database" at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress Africa, 21 November 2022. This event was attended by 100 attendees. • A series of two days events titled "Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries: Towards a National Plan of Action for Small Scale Fisheries in Namibia" on 10th-11th June 2021. These series were attended by 70 attendees. UN World Oceans Day Events • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording is available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU. This event was attended by 54 attendees. • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants. GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School • Professor Elisa Morgera and Dr Dylan McGarry presentations in for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: - Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • One Ocean Hub's three led panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022: - The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small scale fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Video, film outputs • Photo-story: Small-scale fishers and human rights, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhqzgSCjfug. • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • Defenders of the Ocean, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'COP27 Children and Youth Pavilion speaker: Camila Awo Dzidzor One Ocean Hub', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A
Start Year 2021
 
Description BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES 
Organisation Environmental Defense Fund (EDF)
Country United States 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution This partnership began in 2021 through the FAO's existing programme to support national implementation of the FAO Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) through national legislation. To support this, One Ocean Hub co-hosted with FAO regional workshops with government, community, research, and NGO representation from Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, to identify legislative barriers to the implementation of the FAO voluntary SSF guidelines in each country, thereby contributing to national research, while co-developing a global instrument, the FAO SSF Policy and Legal diagnostic tool in April 2021. Co-design of the regional workshop with South African researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network allowed FAO to shift from a top-down approach that focused on discussing what international law requires from governments to an approach informed by local context, and responds to specific needs of SSF, through international law when national law falls short. Hub researchers facilitated SSF representatives' direct participation in the workshop in varied ways, including voice or video messages that communicated their priorities. SSF and government representatives, as well as non-legal researchers were made aware of how international law is (or is not) applied in the context of South Africa, Ghana and Namibia. This is now informing planning of further inter-disciplinary research that will guide strategies on partnerships with governments and SSF in Ghana. In addition, this regional event led to a follow-up event specifically for Namibia, in collaboration with the FAO, the Hub and the Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Namibia. The webinar series organised on 10-11 June 2021 was titled 'Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries.' It was aimed at providing the evidence required to support the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, which the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which was published in 2022 as part of its commitment to implement the FAO SSF Guidelines. The workshop provided an opportunity to integrate the early research findings from the One Ocean Hub into the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, notably with regard to the inclusion of the views of indigenous communities that have been displaced from the coast (Topnaar). This event led to an invitation for nominations for two experts to sit on Namibia's national task force on SSF (upon acceptance by the Ministry of Fisheries). The key research findings that were shared with FAO focused on the approaches to: • redress marginalisation of previously disadvantaged communities including those that have been historically removed from the coast e.g. the Topnaar community), and • address the diverse capacity-building needs of different stakeholder groups that are expected to benefit from or contribute to implementation (SSF associations, SSF women and youth, town councils, NGOs, and primary schools). In addition, FAO invited the Hub to co-develop two e-learning courses on implementation of the FAO Guidelines on SSF to be housed on the FAO E-learning Academy website (https://elearning.fao.org/). The courses are meant to respond to government officers' and fishers' needs respectively, to implement the FAO Guidelines. The latter will allow SSF to obtain an international certification on the FAO E-learning Academy that contributes to their professional development and recognition of SSF. Two papers by Hub colleagues in Ghana and South Africa were integrated as case studies in the first FAO e-learning course on SSF law and policy (in additions to insights arising from the joint Hub-FAO workshops). A new e-learning course will be co-developed in 2023 with a view to directly addressing the question and challenges of small-scale fishers in invoking international law and human rights in their daily interactions with authorities and other stakeholders, based on Hub partnerships with small-scale fishing organizations in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. In addition, this allowed the Hub to bring together FAO and UNEP into a joint event during World Oceans Week 2021 to discuss directly with SSF representatives from South Africa key challenges. Towards the end of 2021, the collaboration with FAO led to an ambitious joint programme of work to advance the human rights-based approach to small scale fisheries as part of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The joint programme of work advanced understanding of the multiple threats to the rights of small-scale fishers to have a voice in decisions affecting their lives, health, culture and livelihoods, and garner further support for small-scale fishers that act as environmental human rights defenders. We shared key research insights and supported small-scale fisheries representatives to speak directly about their human rights concerns in a high-level event at World Ocean Week (WOW) 2022, to the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment participated. In June 2022, the Hub was invited to join the panelists of the High-level Interactive Dialogue on Fisheries at the UN Ocean Conference, and shared on that occasion the key messages from the WOW event (see report summarising key messages shared during the event here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/). These were then published in late 2022 as the first joint policy brief between FAO and the UNOHCHR, together with the Hub: "Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals" (Available here: https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). This joint programme of work also furthered partnerships with various civil society organizations. WWF Accelerating Coastal Community Led Conservation Initiative for the Oceans Practice reached out to the Hub to join efforts for IYAFA, including joint events at the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 on the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. WWF further invited the One Ocean Hub to join: the Blue Food Alliance that aims to transform our food system to focus on health, justice, and environmental sustainability; and the SSF Network, which arose from the first SSF Summit in September 2022. In addition, Naturskyddsföreningen (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation), Blue Venture, the Too-Big-To-Ignore research programme, and the IUCN Specialist Group on People and the Ocean approached the Hub to contribute to the programme of work for IYAFA. All these civil society partners emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. For the official closing of IYAFA (March 2023), the FAO invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to speak at the high-level closing event and the Empatheatre team from South Africa to perform "Listen to the Sea" immediately afterwards. FAO and the Hub also co-organised a series of hybrid events prior to the closing event: a workshop on art-based approaches to the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa, to explore their replicability in UN and NGO projects (Wed 29th March); a hybrid training on human rights and fisheries with the UNOHCHR and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (29th March); and a hybrid roundtable on WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and small-scale fishers' human rights (31st March). As a result of these activities, the Hub's recommendations on integrating human rights in the agenda of the second SSF Summit (scheduled in July 2024; more information here: https://ssfhub.org/ssf-summit-2024) were included and the Hub was invited to become an official partner of the SSF Hub which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community, and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (November 2023). FAO invited Elisa Morgera to a workshop, 14-16 November 2023, (https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-workshop-towards-creating-an-enabling-environment-for-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries/), Rome that brought together regional and global partners, as well as from various countries, and small-scale fisheries organisations, for experience sharing and learning on the work conducted to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines worldwide, as well as exploring potential areas of future work and collaboration and further enhancing awareness and knowledge of the SSF Guidelines. https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ Finally, the Hub summarised key findings from all these activities in a written submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, who will devote his 2024 report to fisheries, with a focus on the SSF Guidelines. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy. • partner organisations based in the Global South: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; ICCA Consortium, Malaysia; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; Abalobi, South Africa; SmartFish AC, Mexico. • Research organization based in the Global North: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Switzerland; Blue Ventures, UK; Too Big To Ignore, Canada; The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty's Fisheries Working Group, Italy; Conservation International, US; Environmental Defense Fund, US; Fauna & Flora, UK; Blue Ventures, UK; Ocean Outcomes, US; Wildlife Conservation Society, US; Rare, US; WildAid, US; Future of Fish Seattle, US; International Institute for Environment and Development, UK; International Pole & Line Foundation, UK; Oceana, US.
Collaborator Contribution FAO supported the development of the Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) and had already run a pilot regional workshop on their implementation through legislation. FAO is a member of the Executive Team of the One Ocean Hub and based on the early findings from the Hub on the need to further clarify the human rights-based approach to fisheries (Morgera and Nakamura, 2021), FAO invited the Hub to co-develop a diagnostic tool, co-organize another regional workshop in Hub countries and develop further e-learning tools. FAO provided USD 37,450 of in-kind match funding from FAO consultants to support course development. To support the planning and the organisation of the joint programme for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries in 2022, the FAO and UNEP has also provided in-kind support, in the form of staff time. The expansion of the partnership to the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a first for the ocean community and has provided invaluable insights for the Hub researchers, and their UN and civil society partners on how to rely on the international human rights monitoring system to support small-scale fishers on the ground when governments are falling behind in implementing their international commitments. The partnership has brought together a new Hub's inter-disciplinary team that has connected research across disciplines and scales. University of Strathclyde, Law School, Nelson Mandela University, University of Cape Coast and University of Namibia provide legal expertise. Rhodes University, Cape Town University, University of Namibia and University of Cape Coast provide sociological research co-developed with small-scale fishing communities. As an inter-disciplinary and cross-scale group we made significant progress towards channeling available legal, technical and strategic international support towards ocean-dependent communities in focus countries, as well as upscaling relevant findings to benefit other ODA-recipient countries. We contributed to focusing international support on SSF according to their needs as co-identified with Hub researchers. Our cross-scale approach has also opened pathways for marshalling international support towards, indigenous peoples and coastal communities negatively affected by blue economy initiatives ("ocean defenders"), and women and children negatively affected by unsustainable uses of the ocean. Support at the international level lends cachet to local advocacy efforts and influences systemic change at the national level. We achieved this progress by developing work programmes with international partners that are active across scales (national, regional and international), forming a nested approach to pathways to the Hub's national and international impact, and by: • co-developing research from the outset with international partners; • systematically sharing early findings through partners' ongoing capacity-building activities or co-developing new capacity-building activities, to engage in direct dialogue with their beneficiary country representatives; • proactively sharing early findings that contribute to international partners' own planning and agenda-setting activities; and • strategically utilising the strength of Hub partnerships with international organisations to leverage further support towards Hub objectives from other international partners. In doing so, we have built the capacity of: • South African, Ghanaian and Namibian community representatives to engage directly in international debates, while addressing their practical constraints and other, more pressing demands on their time; • communities to participate in national policy-making processes; • researchers to engage directly with international partners, as an essential skillset for researchers who have not yet worked across scales, so they can develop meaningful cross-scale networks; and • international partners and processes to adapt their modalities to accommodate community representatives' needs. As part of the Hub's ongoing partnership with FAO, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa contributed to the development and launch of a new international database called SSF-LEX (https://ssflex.fao.org/) that serves to identify relevant national law and policy instruments for small-scale fisheries and to assess whether there is alignment with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. It provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The purpose of the database is to help identify good State practices and needs for improvements. Hub early-career researcher Julia Nakamura (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-led the team in FAO that developed SSF-LEX, while Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tapiwa Warikandwa (University of Namibia, Namibia) reviewed and contributed to the SSF-LEX's country profiles of Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa (More information on Hub's contributions to the SSF-LEX is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). Julia Nakamura co-organised the launch of 'SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database' at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress-Africa (Cape Town, South Africa, 21-23 November 2022) on 23 November 2022, with a view to addressing fisheries managers, legal practitioners, scientists, academics, governments representatives, non-governmental stakeholders, fishers, and fishing communities. Jackie Sunde was invited as a panelists, who reflected on the usefulness of SSF-LEX to fishers, academics and human rights lawyers, from the South African perspective (More information on the SSF-LEX launch event could be found here: https://www.fao.org/legal-services/news/news-detail/en/c/1624163/). In November 2023, the Hub became an official partner of the Small-Scale Fisheries Resource & Collaboration Hub ("SSF Hub"), which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The Hub has been participating in regular meetings with the SSF Hub partners, sharing research, approaches and resources to support the following vision: "Small-scale fisheries and communities that are resilient, thriving and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) (https://oneoceanhub.org/becoming-official-partners-of-the-ssf-hub/). In October 2023 the SSF Hub shared various resources in their online library/ resources database such as our video recordings of "Fostering Cooperation Among Relevant UN bodies to Advance Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights" organised for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 14 November 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fostering-cooperation-among-relevant-un-bodies-advance-small-scale-fishers-human-rights); "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities & Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" organized on 7 June 2023 for the UN World Oceans Day 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/exploring-challenges-opportunities-alliances-protection-small-scale-fishers-human-rights) and "A Fishing Heritage in Peril", Artwork from DEEP Fund Project 'Fishers Tales" (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fishing-heritage-peril-artwork-deep-fund-project-fishers-tales). A complete list of the One Ocean Hub resources that are available on the SSF Hub can be found here: https://ssfhub.org/contributing-organization/one-ocean-hub. The Hub contributed to three submissions to the call by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to give inputs on his upcoming report on fisheries: • The KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum provided evidence on limitations in public participation in decision-making in South Africa, including on oil and gas development, as well as ocean master plan and marine protected areas. In addition, the evidence called attention to the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' tenure. • Jackie Sunde, University of Cape Town, also provided evidence on the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa in the context of the expansion of marine transport, ports and energy infrastructure. The submission also noted the need to recognize women's contributions to the value chain in the traditional line fish sector, as it provides multiple sources of food to different groups in a community but is not factored into fisheries policy making and rights allocation. More information here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/e19cnpbel7h4a7lap7ked6fdch. • A submission by Elisa Morgera shared comparative insights from research in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia and in the Caribbean, about the misrecognition and disrespect of the cultural rights of small-scale fishers (their spiritual and cultural connections to marine spaces, their distinctive knowledge systems, and their customary laws) - within and outside the fisheries sector - as one of the root causes of the violations of their right to food, as well as their participation in relevant policy processes. This submission also pointed to: lack of strategic environmental assessments for various policy areas that negatively affect fisheries and marine biodiversity (such as mining, infrastructure development, tourism), as well as the lack of national legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for large-scale fisheries (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12462); the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; and good practices that have strengthened the recognition, protection and remedies for small-scale fishers (Empatheatre in South Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf; documentary on fishers' songs in Ghana, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf; documentary with displaced Indigenous peoples in Namibia, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; Coastal Justice Network in South Africa, https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/; and pop-up clinics to provide women in small-scale fishing communities legal advice, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf: and direct academic research and action towards their legal needs. Read the written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/m1aqqg2i11g7dmfa1ddsvqpvag. This collaboration has brought notable policy impacts. As explained above, Hub's research, experience, and practices have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. The Tool aims to support the identification of barriers and opportunities to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) in the Context of Food in national laws and policies. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022). This five-lesson course provides guidance on how to assess existing legal and policy frameworks for fisheries in a specific country, explains how to legislate for small-scale fisheries, and outlines the main components of small-scale fisheries-specific legislation. It aims at helping professionals engaged in dialogue on policy and legislation processes and actions at all levels relating to small-scale fisheries, as well as at academic institutions and members of the general public interested in the subject (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. In the context of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the collaborative research initiative One Ocean Hub have been collaborating to raise awareness of the full scope of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. This policy brief aims to clarify the scope of the international human rights-based approach, including the corresponding State obligations, and to highlight how the coherent protection of these rights supports the realization of multiple Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements (https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). • Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA (e.g. WWF, Blue Ventures. Significance of Hub's contributions was evident from invitation to Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, to present Hub's research findings at the official high-level closing ceremony of IYAFA at the FAO headquarters in Rome (see outcomes section of this entry). In 2024, the Hub is working with FAO, SSF Hub, and supporters of IYAFA to strategise and plan for the upcoming SSF Summit that will take place in July 2024. This collaboration has achieved societal impacts by (1) raising awareness on the needs, interests, and human rights of small-scale fishers among national and international stakeholders and (2) strengthening the capacity of a total of 1,466 stakeholders from diverse professional categories including small-scale fisher, researcher, public sector, NGO, and international organization from Africa, South Pacific, the Caribbean, Asia Europe and North America. Events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration have also strengthened gender equality because they speak to predominantly women audience. On average 56% of attendees were women. This is interesting because despite marine sector is a male dominated sector, all our events spoke to a predominately female audience, which also showed the interests and needs for capacity building for women in this field.
Impact Resultant Outcomes • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022, co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. Available from here https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries" published in October 2022, available from here: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881). • A joint policy brief by FAO, One Ocean Hub, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. Available from here: https://ssflex.fao.org/). • One Ocean Hub's small-scale fisheries focused webpage: https://oneoceanhub.org/iyafa/. Peer-reviewed journal articles • Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • Golo HK, Erinosho B. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • Ibrahim S and Golo HK. (2023). "Right to Culture in Marine Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Ghana: Reflections of FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Maritime Studies (under review, submitted September 2023). • Kulundu-Bolus I, McGarry D and Lotz-Sisitka R "Think Piece: Learning, Living and Leading into Transgression - A reflection on decolonial praxis in a neoliberal world." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 36, pp.111-130, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v36i1.14. • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Mbatha P (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Nakamura J, Weston JCL and Lennan M (2023). "International Legal Responses for Protecting Fishers' Fundamental Rights Impacted by a Changing Ocean." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38 (2023, pp. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10141. • Pereira T and Erwin K (2023). "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice, Ecosystems and People, 19:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Rudolph TB, Ruckelshaus M, Swilling M, Allison EH, Österblom H, Gelcich S & Mbatha P. (2020). "A transition to sustainable ocean governance." Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2 • Sowman M et al (2021). "Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Sowman M and Sunde J (2021). "A Just transition? Navigating the process of policy implementation in small-scale fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104683 • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. • Morgera E and Nakamura J, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2 Book chapters: • Ansah JW, Oduro GY, and Wilson D. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Christoffels-du Plessis A., Erinosha, B., Major L., Morgera E., Sunde J. and Vermeylen S. Navigating a sea of laws: Small-scale Fishing Communities and Customary Rights in Ghana and South Africa. In Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (Eds) The Palgrave Book of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan. Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Christoffels-Du Plessis, A., and Sunde, J. 2020. Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for small-scale fisheries in South Africa. In Kerezi, V., Nakamura, J., El Halimi, M., and Chuenpagdee, R. (Eds.) Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries: Global Illustrations. TBTI Global Publication Series, St. John's, NL, Canada, http://toobigtoignore.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/South-Africa_01.pdf • Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. • Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Kanyimba AT & Jonas MN (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15 • Warikandwa TV, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f • Warikandwa TW, Shakalela E, Libebe EL (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14. • Warikandwa TW (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • B Erinosho, L Major, E Morgera, J Sunde and S Vermeylen. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • JW Ansah, GY Oduro, and D Wilson. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Book chapter: E Morgera and J Nakamura, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • HK Golo, S Ibrahim, B Erinosho. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Blogposts and other publications summarising the events and engagements. • Erinosho B, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/. • Febrica S. "Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks," 29 November 2020, https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fisheries-and-blue-justice/. • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised a workshop on sustainable small-scale fisheries law," 28 April 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/1939-2/ • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised webinar on Namibia's small-scale fisheries," 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-food-and-agriculture-organization-and-the-one-ocean-hub-co-organised-webinar-on-namibias-small-scale-fisheries/. • Febrica S, Nakamura J, Sunde J & Warikandwa T, "Strengthening knowledge on national policy and law and their alignment with the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines," 31 January 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/. • Khan U, "Exploring the blue carbon potential in Namibia," 3 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-blue-carbon-potential-in-namibia/. • Morgera E, "Key messages: high level event on small-scale fishers' rights," June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/ • Mthombeni M, "I took my ancestors to the United Nations, and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs," 10 July 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Empatheatre - Changing Understandings and Engagements with ocean dependent communities: Lalela uLwandle," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives Through Documentary Filmmaking," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana -Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-Scale Fisheries," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-scale Fisheries," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact story: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives through Documentary Filmmaking," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Fishers' songs from Ghana to Glasgow - A documentary film 'Cocooned in harmony' screens at the Centre for contemporary arts, "6 April 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-songs-from-ghana-to-glasgow-a-documentary-film-cocooned-in-harmony-screens-at-the-centre-of-contemporary-arts/ • One Ocean Hub, "Partnering with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries," 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-for-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries/. • One Ocean Hub, "Opening a platform for women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana," 29 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ • One Ocean Hub, "Welcoming local NGOs as Hub partners in Ghana, Namibia and South Africa: from seaweed education to human rights legal support," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/welcoming-local-ngos-as-hub-partners-in-ghana-namibia-and-south-africa-from-seaweed-education-to-human-rights-legal-support/ • One Ocean Hub, "Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ • One Ocean Hub, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Pereira T, Francis B and McGarry D, "The unexpected impact of a letter to the minister from One Ocean Hub researchers resulting in an opportunity to facilitate counter hegemonic mapping into transgressive ocean decision making for Amathole Marine Protected Area, South Africa, 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researchers-resulting-in-an-opportunity-to-facilitate-counter-hegemonic-mapping-into-transgressive-ocean-decision-making-for-amath/ • Pereira Kaplan T , "The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment" judge rules in the Shell seismic survey case, 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ • Pereira Kaplan T, "Deepening partnerships with small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/. • Sowman M, Sunde J and Lambrecht M, "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the west coast of South Africa," 7 September 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ • Sunde J. (2022). "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121 https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ • Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. • Samuel MM, Tshiningayamwe S, Jonas M and Kanyimba A. "Exploring ocean benefits, challenges, and prospects with Namibian coastal communities," 4 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-ocean-benefits-challenges-and-prospects-with-namibian-coastal-communities/ • Sunde J, "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Tshiningayamwe S, "Working with marginalised communities for more equitable ocean decision-making and other news from Namibia," 27 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-marginalised-communities-for-more-equitable-ocean-decision-making-and-other-news-from-namibia/. • Veii A and Nghipangelwa S, "Working in a transdisciplinary team to understand climate vulnerability on recreational fishing in Namibia," 26 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part One)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part Two)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/ • Wilson D, "Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa," 1 March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ • Wilson D, "Customary law, tangible and intangible heritage, and ocean governance workshops," 27 June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/ Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • UN Ocean Conference side-event titled "Small in scale, big in value: Stocktaking, partnerships and solutions in support of small-scale fisheries" (led by FAO), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). For more information see here: https://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1529971/. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was invited to: Act as lead discussant at the Interactive dialogue 4 "Making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets," 29 June 2024, in the Tejo Hall of the Conference venue. The event was attended by 50 attendees. For further information, see here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/making-fisheries-sustainable-and-providing-access-small-scale-artisanal-fishers-marine; watch the recording here: https://media.un.org/en/asset/k18/k185g5nkrg Capacity Building Session for UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni in 2020 • Covid-19 Impacts on the South African Small Scale Fisheries Sector: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDeJJG3qt0E. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdbVNhHf6Q. This event was attended by 62 attendees. Workshops co-organised with FAO • Regional Training Workshop on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries, 12-15 April 2021 in South Africa, Namibia and Ghana (April 2021). A total of 177 attendees (57 attendees on Day 1; 47 attendees on Day 2; 43 attendees on Day 3 and 30 attendees on Day 4). • The FAO led Parallel session #4.1 - "SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database" at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress Africa, 21 November 2022. This event was attended by 100 attendees. • A series of two days events titled "Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries: Towards a National Plan of Action for Small Scale Fisheries in Namibia" on 10th-11th June 2021. These series were attended by 70 attendees. UN World Oceans Day Events • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording is available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU. This event was attended by 54 attendees. • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants. GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School • Professor Elisa Morgera and Dr Dylan McGarry presentations in for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: - Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • One Ocean Hub's three led panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022: - The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small scale fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Video, film outputs • Photo-story: Small-scale fishers and human rights, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhqzgSCjfug. • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • Defenders of the Ocean, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'COP27 Children and Youth Pavilion speaker: Camila Awo Dzidzor One Ocean Hub', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A
Start Year 2021
 
Description BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES 
Organisation Environmental Justice Foundation
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution This partnership began in 2021 through the FAO's existing programme to support national implementation of the FAO Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) through national legislation. To support this, One Ocean Hub co-hosted with FAO regional workshops with government, community, research, and NGO representation from Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, to identify legislative barriers to the implementation of the FAO voluntary SSF guidelines in each country, thereby contributing to national research, while co-developing a global instrument, the FAO SSF Policy and Legal diagnostic tool in April 2021. Co-design of the regional workshop with South African researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network allowed FAO to shift from a top-down approach that focused on discussing what international law requires from governments to an approach informed by local context, and responds to specific needs of SSF, through international law when national law falls short. Hub researchers facilitated SSF representatives' direct participation in the workshop in varied ways, including voice or video messages that communicated their priorities. SSF and government representatives, as well as non-legal researchers were made aware of how international law is (or is not) applied in the context of South Africa, Ghana and Namibia. This is now informing planning of further inter-disciplinary research that will guide strategies on partnerships with governments and SSF in Ghana. In addition, this regional event led to a follow-up event specifically for Namibia, in collaboration with the FAO, the Hub and the Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Namibia. The webinar series organised on 10-11 June 2021 was titled 'Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries.' It was aimed at providing the evidence required to support the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, which the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which was published in 2022 as part of its commitment to implement the FAO SSF Guidelines. The workshop provided an opportunity to integrate the early research findings from the One Ocean Hub into the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, notably with regard to the inclusion of the views of indigenous communities that have been displaced from the coast (Topnaar). This event led to an invitation for nominations for two experts to sit on Namibia's national task force on SSF (upon acceptance by the Ministry of Fisheries). The key research findings that were shared with FAO focused on the approaches to: • redress marginalisation of previously disadvantaged communities including those that have been historically removed from the coast e.g. the Topnaar community), and • address the diverse capacity-building needs of different stakeholder groups that are expected to benefit from or contribute to implementation (SSF associations, SSF women and youth, town councils, NGOs, and primary schools). In addition, FAO invited the Hub to co-develop two e-learning courses on implementation of the FAO Guidelines on SSF to be housed on the FAO E-learning Academy website (https://elearning.fao.org/). The courses are meant to respond to government officers' and fishers' needs respectively, to implement the FAO Guidelines. The latter will allow SSF to obtain an international certification on the FAO E-learning Academy that contributes to their professional development and recognition of SSF. Two papers by Hub colleagues in Ghana and South Africa were integrated as case studies in the first FAO e-learning course on SSF law and policy (in additions to insights arising from the joint Hub-FAO workshops). A new e-learning course will be co-developed in 2023 with a view to directly addressing the question and challenges of small-scale fishers in invoking international law and human rights in their daily interactions with authorities and other stakeholders, based on Hub partnerships with small-scale fishing organizations in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. In addition, this allowed the Hub to bring together FAO and UNEP into a joint event during World Oceans Week 2021 to discuss directly with SSF representatives from South Africa key challenges. Towards the end of 2021, the collaboration with FAO led to an ambitious joint programme of work to advance the human rights-based approach to small scale fisheries as part of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The joint programme of work advanced understanding of the multiple threats to the rights of small-scale fishers to have a voice in decisions affecting their lives, health, culture and livelihoods, and garner further support for small-scale fishers that act as environmental human rights defenders. We shared key research insights and supported small-scale fisheries representatives to speak directly about their human rights concerns in a high-level event at World Ocean Week (WOW) 2022, to the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment participated. In June 2022, the Hub was invited to join the panelists of the High-level Interactive Dialogue on Fisheries at the UN Ocean Conference, and shared on that occasion the key messages from the WOW event (see report summarising key messages shared during the event here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/). These were then published in late 2022 as the first joint policy brief between FAO and the UNOHCHR, together with the Hub: "Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals" (Available here: https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). This joint programme of work also furthered partnerships with various civil society organizations. WWF Accelerating Coastal Community Led Conservation Initiative for the Oceans Practice reached out to the Hub to join efforts for IYAFA, including joint events at the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 on the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. WWF further invited the One Ocean Hub to join: the Blue Food Alliance that aims to transform our food system to focus on health, justice, and environmental sustainability; and the SSF Network, which arose from the first SSF Summit in September 2022. In addition, Naturskyddsföreningen (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation), Blue Venture, the Too-Big-To-Ignore research programme, and the IUCN Specialist Group on People and the Ocean approached the Hub to contribute to the programme of work for IYAFA. All these civil society partners emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. For the official closing of IYAFA (March 2023), the FAO invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to speak at the high-level closing event and the Empatheatre team from South Africa to perform "Listen to the Sea" immediately afterwards. FAO and the Hub also co-organised a series of hybrid events prior to the closing event: a workshop on art-based approaches to the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa, to explore their replicability in UN and NGO projects (Wed 29th March); a hybrid training on human rights and fisheries with the UNOHCHR and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (29th March); and a hybrid roundtable on WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and small-scale fishers' human rights (31st March). As a result of these activities, the Hub's recommendations on integrating human rights in the agenda of the second SSF Summit (scheduled in July 2024; more information here: https://ssfhub.org/ssf-summit-2024) were included and the Hub was invited to become an official partner of the SSF Hub which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community, and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (November 2023). FAO invited Elisa Morgera to a workshop, 14-16 November 2023, (https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-workshop-towards-creating-an-enabling-environment-for-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries/), Rome that brought together regional and global partners, as well as from various countries, and small-scale fisheries organisations, for experience sharing and learning on the work conducted to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines worldwide, as well as exploring potential areas of future work and collaboration and further enhancing awareness and knowledge of the SSF Guidelines. https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ Finally, the Hub summarised key findings from all these activities in a written submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, who will devote his 2024 report to fisheries, with a focus on the SSF Guidelines. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy. • partner organisations based in the Global South: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; ICCA Consortium, Malaysia; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; Abalobi, South Africa; SmartFish AC, Mexico. • Research organization based in the Global North: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Switzerland; Blue Ventures, UK; Too Big To Ignore, Canada; The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty's Fisheries Working Group, Italy; Conservation International, US; Environmental Defense Fund, US; Fauna & Flora, UK; Blue Ventures, UK; Ocean Outcomes, US; Wildlife Conservation Society, US; Rare, US; WildAid, US; Future of Fish Seattle, US; International Institute for Environment and Development, UK; International Pole & Line Foundation, UK; Oceana, US.
Collaborator Contribution FAO supported the development of the Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) and had already run a pilot regional workshop on their implementation through legislation. FAO is a member of the Executive Team of the One Ocean Hub and based on the early findings from the Hub on the need to further clarify the human rights-based approach to fisheries (Morgera and Nakamura, 2021), FAO invited the Hub to co-develop a diagnostic tool, co-organize another regional workshop in Hub countries and develop further e-learning tools. FAO provided USD 37,450 of in-kind match funding from FAO consultants to support course development. To support the planning and the organisation of the joint programme for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries in 2022, the FAO and UNEP has also provided in-kind support, in the form of staff time. The expansion of the partnership to the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a first for the ocean community and has provided invaluable insights for the Hub researchers, and their UN and civil society partners on how to rely on the international human rights monitoring system to support small-scale fishers on the ground when governments are falling behind in implementing their international commitments. The partnership has brought together a new Hub's inter-disciplinary team that has connected research across disciplines and scales. University of Strathclyde, Law School, Nelson Mandela University, University of Cape Coast and University of Namibia provide legal expertise. Rhodes University, Cape Town University, University of Namibia and University of Cape Coast provide sociological research co-developed with small-scale fishing communities. As an inter-disciplinary and cross-scale group we made significant progress towards channeling available legal, technical and strategic international support towards ocean-dependent communities in focus countries, as well as upscaling relevant findings to benefit other ODA-recipient countries. We contributed to focusing international support on SSF according to their needs as co-identified with Hub researchers. Our cross-scale approach has also opened pathways for marshalling international support towards, indigenous peoples and coastal communities negatively affected by blue economy initiatives ("ocean defenders"), and women and children negatively affected by unsustainable uses of the ocean. Support at the international level lends cachet to local advocacy efforts and influences systemic change at the national level. We achieved this progress by developing work programmes with international partners that are active across scales (national, regional and international), forming a nested approach to pathways to the Hub's national and international impact, and by: • co-developing research from the outset with international partners; • systematically sharing early findings through partners' ongoing capacity-building activities or co-developing new capacity-building activities, to engage in direct dialogue with their beneficiary country representatives; • proactively sharing early findings that contribute to international partners' own planning and agenda-setting activities; and • strategically utilising the strength of Hub partnerships with international organisations to leverage further support towards Hub objectives from other international partners. In doing so, we have built the capacity of: • South African, Ghanaian and Namibian community representatives to engage directly in international debates, while addressing their practical constraints and other, more pressing demands on their time; • communities to participate in national policy-making processes; • researchers to engage directly with international partners, as an essential skillset for researchers who have not yet worked across scales, so they can develop meaningful cross-scale networks; and • international partners and processes to adapt their modalities to accommodate community representatives' needs. As part of the Hub's ongoing partnership with FAO, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa contributed to the development and launch of a new international database called SSF-LEX (https://ssflex.fao.org/) that serves to identify relevant national law and policy instruments for small-scale fisheries and to assess whether there is alignment with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. It provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The purpose of the database is to help identify good State practices and needs for improvements. Hub early-career researcher Julia Nakamura (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-led the team in FAO that developed SSF-LEX, while Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tapiwa Warikandwa (University of Namibia, Namibia) reviewed and contributed to the SSF-LEX's country profiles of Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa (More information on Hub's contributions to the SSF-LEX is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). Julia Nakamura co-organised the launch of 'SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database' at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress-Africa (Cape Town, South Africa, 21-23 November 2022) on 23 November 2022, with a view to addressing fisheries managers, legal practitioners, scientists, academics, governments representatives, non-governmental stakeholders, fishers, and fishing communities. Jackie Sunde was invited as a panelists, who reflected on the usefulness of SSF-LEX to fishers, academics and human rights lawyers, from the South African perspective (More information on the SSF-LEX launch event could be found here: https://www.fao.org/legal-services/news/news-detail/en/c/1624163/). In November 2023, the Hub became an official partner of the Small-Scale Fisheries Resource & Collaboration Hub ("SSF Hub"), which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The Hub has been participating in regular meetings with the SSF Hub partners, sharing research, approaches and resources to support the following vision: "Small-scale fisheries and communities that are resilient, thriving and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) (https://oneoceanhub.org/becoming-official-partners-of-the-ssf-hub/). In October 2023 the SSF Hub shared various resources in their online library/ resources database such as our video recordings of "Fostering Cooperation Among Relevant UN bodies to Advance Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights" organised for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 14 November 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fostering-cooperation-among-relevant-un-bodies-advance-small-scale-fishers-human-rights); "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities & Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" organized on 7 June 2023 for the UN World Oceans Day 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/exploring-challenges-opportunities-alliances-protection-small-scale-fishers-human-rights) and "A Fishing Heritage in Peril", Artwork from DEEP Fund Project 'Fishers Tales" (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fishing-heritage-peril-artwork-deep-fund-project-fishers-tales). A complete list of the One Ocean Hub resources that are available on the SSF Hub can be found here: https://ssfhub.org/contributing-organization/one-ocean-hub. The Hub contributed to three submissions to the call by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to give inputs on his upcoming report on fisheries: • The KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum provided evidence on limitations in public participation in decision-making in South Africa, including on oil and gas development, as well as ocean master plan and marine protected areas. In addition, the evidence called attention to the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' tenure. • Jackie Sunde, University of Cape Town, also provided evidence on the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa in the context of the expansion of marine transport, ports and energy infrastructure. The submission also noted the need to recognize women's contributions to the value chain in the traditional line fish sector, as it provides multiple sources of food to different groups in a community but is not factored into fisheries policy making and rights allocation. More information here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/e19cnpbel7h4a7lap7ked6fdch. • A submission by Elisa Morgera shared comparative insights from research in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia and in the Caribbean, about the misrecognition and disrespect of the cultural rights of small-scale fishers (their spiritual and cultural connections to marine spaces, their distinctive knowledge systems, and their customary laws) - within and outside the fisheries sector - as one of the root causes of the violations of their right to food, as well as their participation in relevant policy processes. This submission also pointed to: lack of strategic environmental assessments for various policy areas that negatively affect fisheries and marine biodiversity (such as mining, infrastructure development, tourism), as well as the lack of national legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for large-scale fisheries (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12462); the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; and good practices that have strengthened the recognition, protection and remedies for small-scale fishers (Empatheatre in South Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf; documentary on fishers' songs in Ghana, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf; documentary with displaced Indigenous peoples in Namibia, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; Coastal Justice Network in South Africa, https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/; and pop-up clinics to provide women in small-scale fishing communities legal advice, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf: and direct academic research and action towards their legal needs. Read the written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/m1aqqg2i11g7dmfa1ddsvqpvag. This collaboration has brought notable policy impacts. As explained above, Hub's research, experience, and practices have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. The Tool aims to support the identification of barriers and opportunities to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) in the Context of Food in national laws and policies. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022). This five-lesson course provides guidance on how to assess existing legal and policy frameworks for fisheries in a specific country, explains how to legislate for small-scale fisheries, and outlines the main components of small-scale fisheries-specific legislation. It aims at helping professionals engaged in dialogue on policy and legislation processes and actions at all levels relating to small-scale fisheries, as well as at academic institutions and members of the general public interested in the subject (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. In the context of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the collaborative research initiative One Ocean Hub have been collaborating to raise awareness of the full scope of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. This policy brief aims to clarify the scope of the international human rights-based approach, including the corresponding State obligations, and to highlight how the coherent protection of these rights supports the realization of multiple Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements (https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). • Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA (e.g. WWF, Blue Ventures. Significance of Hub's contributions was evident from invitation to Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, to present Hub's research findings at the official high-level closing ceremony of IYAFA at the FAO headquarters in Rome (see outcomes section of this entry). In 2024, the Hub is working with FAO, SSF Hub, and supporters of IYAFA to strategise and plan for the upcoming SSF Summit that will take place in July 2024. This collaboration has achieved societal impacts by (1) raising awareness on the needs, interests, and human rights of small-scale fishers among national and international stakeholders and (2) strengthening the capacity of a total of 1,466 stakeholders from diverse professional categories including small-scale fisher, researcher, public sector, NGO, and international organization from Africa, South Pacific, the Caribbean, Asia Europe and North America. Events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration have also strengthened gender equality because they speak to predominantly women audience. On average 56% of attendees were women. This is interesting because despite marine sector is a male dominated sector, all our events spoke to a predominately female audience, which also showed the interests and needs for capacity building for women in this field.
Impact Resultant Outcomes • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022, co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. Available from here https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries" published in October 2022, available from here: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881). • A joint policy brief by FAO, One Ocean Hub, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. Available from here: https://ssflex.fao.org/). • One Ocean Hub's small-scale fisheries focused webpage: https://oneoceanhub.org/iyafa/. Peer-reviewed journal articles • Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • Golo HK, Erinosho B. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • Ibrahim S and Golo HK. (2023). "Right to Culture in Marine Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Ghana: Reflections of FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Maritime Studies (under review, submitted September 2023). • Kulundu-Bolus I, McGarry D and Lotz-Sisitka R "Think Piece: Learning, Living and Leading into Transgression - A reflection on decolonial praxis in a neoliberal world." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 36, pp.111-130, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v36i1.14. • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Mbatha P (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Nakamura J, Weston JCL and Lennan M (2023). "International Legal Responses for Protecting Fishers' Fundamental Rights Impacted by a Changing Ocean." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38 (2023, pp. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10141. • Pereira T and Erwin K (2023). "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice, Ecosystems and People, 19:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Rudolph TB, Ruckelshaus M, Swilling M, Allison EH, Österblom H, Gelcich S & Mbatha P. (2020). "A transition to sustainable ocean governance." Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2 • Sowman M et al (2021). "Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Sowman M and Sunde J (2021). "A Just transition? Navigating the process of policy implementation in small-scale fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104683 • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. • Morgera E and Nakamura J, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2 Book chapters: • Ansah JW, Oduro GY, and Wilson D. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Christoffels-du Plessis A., Erinosha, B., Major L., Morgera E., Sunde J. and Vermeylen S. Navigating a sea of laws: Small-scale Fishing Communities and Customary Rights in Ghana and South Africa. In Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (Eds) The Palgrave Book of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan. Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Christoffels-Du Plessis, A., and Sunde, J. 2020. Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for small-scale fisheries in South Africa. In Kerezi, V., Nakamura, J., El Halimi, M., and Chuenpagdee, R. (Eds.) Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries: Global Illustrations. TBTI Global Publication Series, St. John's, NL, Canada, http://toobigtoignore.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/South-Africa_01.pdf • Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. • Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Kanyimba AT & Jonas MN (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15 • Warikandwa TV, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f • Warikandwa TW, Shakalela E, Libebe EL (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14. • Warikandwa TW (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • B Erinosho, L Major, E Morgera, J Sunde and S Vermeylen. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • JW Ansah, GY Oduro, and D Wilson. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Book chapter: E Morgera and J Nakamura, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • HK Golo, S Ibrahim, B Erinosho. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Blogposts and other publications summarising the events and engagements. • Erinosho B, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/. • Febrica S. "Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks," 29 November 2020, https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fisheries-and-blue-justice/. • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised a workshop on sustainable small-scale fisheries law," 28 April 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/1939-2/ • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised webinar on Namibia's small-scale fisheries," 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-food-and-agriculture-organization-and-the-one-ocean-hub-co-organised-webinar-on-namibias-small-scale-fisheries/. • Febrica S, Nakamura J, Sunde J & Warikandwa T, "Strengthening knowledge on national policy and law and their alignment with the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines," 31 January 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/. • Khan U, "Exploring the blue carbon potential in Namibia," 3 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-blue-carbon-potential-in-namibia/. • Morgera E, "Key messages: high level event on small-scale fishers' rights," June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/ • Mthombeni M, "I took my ancestors to the United Nations, and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs," 10 July 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Empatheatre - Changing Understandings and Engagements with ocean dependent communities: Lalela uLwandle," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives Through Documentary Filmmaking," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana -Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-Scale Fisheries," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-scale Fisheries," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact story: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives through Documentary Filmmaking," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Fishers' songs from Ghana to Glasgow - A documentary film 'Cocooned in harmony' screens at the Centre for contemporary arts, "6 April 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-songs-from-ghana-to-glasgow-a-documentary-film-cocooned-in-harmony-screens-at-the-centre-of-contemporary-arts/ • One Ocean Hub, "Partnering with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries," 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-for-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries/. • One Ocean Hub, "Opening a platform for women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana," 29 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ • One Ocean Hub, "Welcoming local NGOs as Hub partners in Ghana, Namibia and South Africa: from seaweed education to human rights legal support," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/welcoming-local-ngos-as-hub-partners-in-ghana-namibia-and-south-africa-from-seaweed-education-to-human-rights-legal-support/ • One Ocean Hub, "Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ • One Ocean Hub, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Pereira T, Francis B and McGarry D, "The unexpected impact of a letter to the minister from One Ocean Hub researchers resulting in an opportunity to facilitate counter hegemonic mapping into transgressive ocean decision making for Amathole Marine Protected Area, South Africa, 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researchers-resulting-in-an-opportunity-to-facilitate-counter-hegemonic-mapping-into-transgressive-ocean-decision-making-for-amath/ • Pereira Kaplan T , "The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment" judge rules in the Shell seismic survey case, 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ • Pereira Kaplan T, "Deepening partnerships with small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/. • Sowman M, Sunde J and Lambrecht M, "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the west coast of South Africa," 7 September 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ • Sunde J. (2022). "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121 https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ • Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. • Samuel MM, Tshiningayamwe S, Jonas M and Kanyimba A. "Exploring ocean benefits, challenges, and prospects with Namibian coastal communities," 4 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-ocean-benefits-challenges-and-prospects-with-namibian-coastal-communities/ • Sunde J, "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Tshiningayamwe S, "Working with marginalised communities for more equitable ocean decision-making and other news from Namibia," 27 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-marginalised-communities-for-more-equitable-ocean-decision-making-and-other-news-from-namibia/. • Veii A and Nghipangelwa S, "Working in a transdisciplinary team to understand climate vulnerability on recreational fishing in Namibia," 26 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part One)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part Two)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/ • Wilson D, "Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa," 1 March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ • Wilson D, "Customary law, tangible and intangible heritage, and ocean governance workshops," 27 June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/ Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • UN Ocean Conference side-event titled "Small in scale, big in value: Stocktaking, partnerships and solutions in support of small-scale fisheries" (led by FAO), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). For more information see here: https://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1529971/. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was invited to: Act as lead discussant at the Interactive dialogue 4 "Making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets," 29 June 2024, in the Tejo Hall of the Conference venue. The event was attended by 50 attendees. For further information, see here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/making-fisheries-sustainable-and-providing-access-small-scale-artisanal-fishers-marine; watch the recording here: https://media.un.org/en/asset/k18/k185g5nkrg Capacity Building Session for UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni in 2020 • Covid-19 Impacts on the South African Small Scale Fisheries Sector: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDeJJG3qt0E. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdbVNhHf6Q. This event was attended by 62 attendees. Workshops co-organised with FAO • Regional Training Workshop on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries, 12-15 April 2021 in South Africa, Namibia and Ghana (April 2021). A total of 177 attendees (57 attendees on Day 1; 47 attendees on Day 2; 43 attendees on Day 3 and 30 attendees on Day 4). • The FAO led Parallel session #4.1 - "SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database" at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress Africa, 21 November 2022. This event was attended by 100 attendees. • A series of two days events titled "Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries: Towards a National Plan of Action for Small Scale Fisheries in Namibia" on 10th-11th June 2021. These series were attended by 70 attendees. UN World Oceans Day Events • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording is available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU. This event was attended by 54 attendees. • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants. GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School • Professor Elisa Morgera and Dr Dylan McGarry presentations in for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: - Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • One Ocean Hub's three led panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022: - The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small scale fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Video, film outputs • Photo-story: Small-scale fishers and human rights, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhqzgSCjfug. • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • Defenders of the Ocean, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'COP27 Children and Youth Pavilion speaker: Camila Awo Dzidzor One Ocean Hub', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A
Start Year 2021
 
Description BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES 
Organisation Fauna & Flora International
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution This partnership began in 2021 through the FAO's existing programme to support national implementation of the FAO Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) through national legislation. To support this, One Ocean Hub co-hosted with FAO regional workshops with government, community, research, and NGO representation from Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, to identify legislative barriers to the implementation of the FAO voluntary SSF guidelines in each country, thereby contributing to national research, while co-developing a global instrument, the FAO SSF Policy and Legal diagnostic tool in April 2021. Co-design of the regional workshop with South African researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network allowed FAO to shift from a top-down approach that focused on discussing what international law requires from governments to an approach informed by local context, and responds to specific needs of SSF, through international law when national law falls short. Hub researchers facilitated SSF representatives' direct participation in the workshop in varied ways, including voice or video messages that communicated their priorities. SSF and government representatives, as well as non-legal researchers were made aware of how international law is (or is not) applied in the context of South Africa, Ghana and Namibia. This is now informing planning of further inter-disciplinary research that will guide strategies on partnerships with governments and SSF in Ghana. In addition, this regional event led to a follow-up event specifically for Namibia, in collaboration with the FAO, the Hub and the Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Namibia. The webinar series organised on 10-11 June 2021 was titled 'Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries.' It was aimed at providing the evidence required to support the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, which the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which was published in 2022 as part of its commitment to implement the FAO SSF Guidelines. The workshop provided an opportunity to integrate the early research findings from the One Ocean Hub into the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, notably with regard to the inclusion of the views of indigenous communities that have been displaced from the coast (Topnaar). This event led to an invitation for nominations for two experts to sit on Namibia's national task force on SSF (upon acceptance by the Ministry of Fisheries). The key research findings that were shared with FAO focused on the approaches to: • redress marginalisation of previously disadvantaged communities including those that have been historically removed from the coast e.g. the Topnaar community), and • address the diverse capacity-building needs of different stakeholder groups that are expected to benefit from or contribute to implementation (SSF associations, SSF women and youth, town councils, NGOs, and primary schools). In addition, FAO invited the Hub to co-develop two e-learning courses on implementation of the FAO Guidelines on SSF to be housed on the FAO E-learning Academy website (https://elearning.fao.org/). The courses are meant to respond to government officers' and fishers' needs respectively, to implement the FAO Guidelines. The latter will allow SSF to obtain an international certification on the FAO E-learning Academy that contributes to their professional development and recognition of SSF. Two papers by Hub colleagues in Ghana and South Africa were integrated as case studies in the first FAO e-learning course on SSF law and policy (in additions to insights arising from the joint Hub-FAO workshops). A new e-learning course will be co-developed in 2023 with a view to directly addressing the question and challenges of small-scale fishers in invoking international law and human rights in their daily interactions with authorities and other stakeholders, based on Hub partnerships with small-scale fishing organizations in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. In addition, this allowed the Hub to bring together FAO and UNEP into a joint event during World Oceans Week 2021 to discuss directly with SSF representatives from South Africa key challenges. Towards the end of 2021, the collaboration with FAO led to an ambitious joint programme of work to advance the human rights-based approach to small scale fisheries as part of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The joint programme of work advanced understanding of the multiple threats to the rights of small-scale fishers to have a voice in decisions affecting their lives, health, culture and livelihoods, and garner further support for small-scale fishers that act as environmental human rights defenders. We shared key research insights and supported small-scale fisheries representatives to speak directly about their human rights concerns in a high-level event at World Ocean Week (WOW) 2022, to the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment participated. In June 2022, the Hub was invited to join the panelists of the High-level Interactive Dialogue on Fisheries at the UN Ocean Conference, and shared on that occasion the key messages from the WOW event (see report summarising key messages shared during the event here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/). These were then published in late 2022 as the first joint policy brief between FAO and the UNOHCHR, together with the Hub: "Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals" (Available here: https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). This joint programme of work also furthered partnerships with various civil society organizations. WWF Accelerating Coastal Community Led Conservation Initiative for the Oceans Practice reached out to the Hub to join efforts for IYAFA, including joint events at the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 on the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. WWF further invited the One Ocean Hub to join: the Blue Food Alliance that aims to transform our food system to focus on health, justice, and environmental sustainability; and the SSF Network, which arose from the first SSF Summit in September 2022. In addition, Naturskyddsföreningen (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation), Blue Venture, the Too-Big-To-Ignore research programme, and the IUCN Specialist Group on People and the Ocean approached the Hub to contribute to the programme of work for IYAFA. All these civil society partners emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. For the official closing of IYAFA (March 2023), the FAO invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to speak at the high-level closing event and the Empatheatre team from South Africa to perform "Listen to the Sea" immediately afterwards. FAO and the Hub also co-organised a series of hybrid events prior to the closing event: a workshop on art-based approaches to the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa, to explore their replicability in UN and NGO projects (Wed 29th March); a hybrid training on human rights and fisheries with the UNOHCHR and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (29th March); and a hybrid roundtable on WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and small-scale fishers' human rights (31st March). As a result of these activities, the Hub's recommendations on integrating human rights in the agenda of the second SSF Summit (scheduled in July 2024; more information here: https://ssfhub.org/ssf-summit-2024) were included and the Hub was invited to become an official partner of the SSF Hub which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community, and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (November 2023). FAO invited Elisa Morgera to a workshop, 14-16 November 2023, (https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-workshop-towards-creating-an-enabling-environment-for-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries/), Rome that brought together regional and global partners, as well as from various countries, and small-scale fisheries organisations, for experience sharing and learning on the work conducted to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines worldwide, as well as exploring potential areas of future work and collaboration and further enhancing awareness and knowledge of the SSF Guidelines. https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ Finally, the Hub summarised key findings from all these activities in a written submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, who will devote his 2024 report to fisheries, with a focus on the SSF Guidelines. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy. • partner organisations based in the Global South: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; ICCA Consortium, Malaysia; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; Abalobi, South Africa; SmartFish AC, Mexico. • Research organization based in the Global North: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Switzerland; Blue Ventures, UK; Too Big To Ignore, Canada; The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty's Fisheries Working Group, Italy; Conservation International, US; Environmental Defense Fund, US; Fauna & Flora, UK; Blue Ventures, UK; Ocean Outcomes, US; Wildlife Conservation Society, US; Rare, US; WildAid, US; Future of Fish Seattle, US; International Institute for Environment and Development, UK; International Pole & Line Foundation, UK; Oceana, US.
Collaborator Contribution FAO supported the development of the Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) and had already run a pilot regional workshop on their implementation through legislation. FAO is a member of the Executive Team of the One Ocean Hub and based on the early findings from the Hub on the need to further clarify the human rights-based approach to fisheries (Morgera and Nakamura, 2021), FAO invited the Hub to co-develop a diagnostic tool, co-organize another regional workshop in Hub countries and develop further e-learning tools. FAO provided USD 37,450 of in-kind match funding from FAO consultants to support course development. To support the planning and the organisation of the joint programme for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries in 2022, the FAO and UNEP has also provided in-kind support, in the form of staff time. The expansion of the partnership to the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a first for the ocean community and has provided invaluable insights for the Hub researchers, and their UN and civil society partners on how to rely on the international human rights monitoring system to support small-scale fishers on the ground when governments are falling behind in implementing their international commitments. The partnership has brought together a new Hub's inter-disciplinary team that has connected research across disciplines and scales. University of Strathclyde, Law School, Nelson Mandela University, University of Cape Coast and University of Namibia provide legal expertise. Rhodes University, Cape Town University, University of Namibia and University of Cape Coast provide sociological research co-developed with small-scale fishing communities. As an inter-disciplinary and cross-scale group we made significant progress towards channeling available legal, technical and strategic international support towards ocean-dependent communities in focus countries, as well as upscaling relevant findings to benefit other ODA-recipient countries. We contributed to focusing international support on SSF according to their needs as co-identified with Hub researchers. Our cross-scale approach has also opened pathways for marshalling international support towards, indigenous peoples and coastal communities negatively affected by blue economy initiatives ("ocean defenders"), and women and children negatively affected by unsustainable uses of the ocean. Support at the international level lends cachet to local advocacy efforts and influences systemic change at the national level. We achieved this progress by developing work programmes with international partners that are active across scales (national, regional and international), forming a nested approach to pathways to the Hub's national and international impact, and by: • co-developing research from the outset with international partners; • systematically sharing early findings through partners' ongoing capacity-building activities or co-developing new capacity-building activities, to engage in direct dialogue with their beneficiary country representatives; • proactively sharing early findings that contribute to international partners' own planning and agenda-setting activities; and • strategically utilising the strength of Hub partnerships with international organisations to leverage further support towards Hub objectives from other international partners. In doing so, we have built the capacity of: • South African, Ghanaian and Namibian community representatives to engage directly in international debates, while addressing their practical constraints and other, more pressing demands on their time; • communities to participate in national policy-making processes; • researchers to engage directly with international partners, as an essential skillset for researchers who have not yet worked across scales, so they can develop meaningful cross-scale networks; and • international partners and processes to adapt their modalities to accommodate community representatives' needs. As part of the Hub's ongoing partnership with FAO, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa contributed to the development and launch of a new international database called SSF-LEX (https://ssflex.fao.org/) that serves to identify relevant national law and policy instruments for small-scale fisheries and to assess whether there is alignment with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. It provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The purpose of the database is to help identify good State practices and needs for improvements. Hub early-career researcher Julia Nakamura (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-led the team in FAO that developed SSF-LEX, while Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tapiwa Warikandwa (University of Namibia, Namibia) reviewed and contributed to the SSF-LEX's country profiles of Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa (More information on Hub's contributions to the SSF-LEX is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). Julia Nakamura co-organised the launch of 'SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database' at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress-Africa (Cape Town, South Africa, 21-23 November 2022) on 23 November 2022, with a view to addressing fisheries managers, legal practitioners, scientists, academics, governments representatives, non-governmental stakeholders, fishers, and fishing communities. Jackie Sunde was invited as a panelists, who reflected on the usefulness of SSF-LEX to fishers, academics and human rights lawyers, from the South African perspective (More information on the SSF-LEX launch event could be found here: https://www.fao.org/legal-services/news/news-detail/en/c/1624163/). In November 2023, the Hub became an official partner of the Small-Scale Fisheries Resource & Collaboration Hub ("SSF Hub"), which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The Hub has been participating in regular meetings with the SSF Hub partners, sharing research, approaches and resources to support the following vision: "Small-scale fisheries and communities that are resilient, thriving and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) (https://oneoceanhub.org/becoming-official-partners-of-the-ssf-hub/). In October 2023 the SSF Hub shared various resources in their online library/ resources database such as our video recordings of "Fostering Cooperation Among Relevant UN bodies to Advance Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights" organised for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 14 November 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fostering-cooperation-among-relevant-un-bodies-advance-small-scale-fishers-human-rights); "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities & Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" organized on 7 June 2023 for the UN World Oceans Day 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/exploring-challenges-opportunities-alliances-protection-small-scale-fishers-human-rights) and "A Fishing Heritage in Peril", Artwork from DEEP Fund Project 'Fishers Tales" (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fishing-heritage-peril-artwork-deep-fund-project-fishers-tales). A complete list of the One Ocean Hub resources that are available on the SSF Hub can be found here: https://ssfhub.org/contributing-organization/one-ocean-hub. The Hub contributed to three submissions to the call by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to give inputs on his upcoming report on fisheries: • The KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum provided evidence on limitations in public participation in decision-making in South Africa, including on oil and gas development, as well as ocean master plan and marine protected areas. In addition, the evidence called attention to the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' tenure. • Jackie Sunde, University of Cape Town, also provided evidence on the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa in the context of the expansion of marine transport, ports and energy infrastructure. The submission also noted the need to recognize women's contributions to the value chain in the traditional line fish sector, as it provides multiple sources of food to different groups in a community but is not factored into fisheries policy making and rights allocation. More information here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/e19cnpbel7h4a7lap7ked6fdch. • A submission by Elisa Morgera shared comparative insights from research in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia and in the Caribbean, about the misrecognition and disrespect of the cultural rights of small-scale fishers (their spiritual and cultural connections to marine spaces, their distinctive knowledge systems, and their customary laws) - within and outside the fisheries sector - as one of the root causes of the violations of their right to food, as well as their participation in relevant policy processes. This submission also pointed to: lack of strategic environmental assessments for various policy areas that negatively affect fisheries and marine biodiversity (such as mining, infrastructure development, tourism), as well as the lack of national legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for large-scale fisheries (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12462); the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; and good practices that have strengthened the recognition, protection and remedies for small-scale fishers (Empatheatre in South Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf; documentary on fishers' songs in Ghana, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf; documentary with displaced Indigenous peoples in Namibia, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; Coastal Justice Network in South Africa, https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/; and pop-up clinics to provide women in small-scale fishing communities legal advice, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf: and direct academic research and action towards their legal needs. Read the written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/m1aqqg2i11g7dmfa1ddsvqpvag. This collaboration has brought notable policy impacts. As explained above, Hub's research, experience, and practices have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. The Tool aims to support the identification of barriers and opportunities to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) in the Context of Food in national laws and policies. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022). This five-lesson course provides guidance on how to assess existing legal and policy frameworks for fisheries in a specific country, explains how to legislate for small-scale fisheries, and outlines the main components of small-scale fisheries-specific legislation. It aims at helping professionals engaged in dialogue on policy and legislation processes and actions at all levels relating to small-scale fisheries, as well as at academic institutions and members of the general public interested in the subject (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. In the context of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the collaborative research initiative One Ocean Hub have been collaborating to raise awareness of the full scope of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. This policy brief aims to clarify the scope of the international human rights-based approach, including the corresponding State obligations, and to highlight how the coherent protection of these rights supports the realization of multiple Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements (https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). • Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA (e.g. WWF, Blue Ventures. Significance of Hub's contributions was evident from invitation to Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, to present Hub's research findings at the official high-level closing ceremony of IYAFA at the FAO headquarters in Rome (see outcomes section of this entry). In 2024, the Hub is working with FAO, SSF Hub, and supporters of IYAFA to strategise and plan for the upcoming SSF Summit that will take place in July 2024. This collaboration has achieved societal impacts by (1) raising awareness on the needs, interests, and human rights of small-scale fishers among national and international stakeholders and (2) strengthening the capacity of a total of 1,466 stakeholders from diverse professional categories including small-scale fisher, researcher, public sector, NGO, and international organization from Africa, South Pacific, the Caribbean, Asia Europe and North America. Events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration have also strengthened gender equality because they speak to predominantly women audience. On average 56% of attendees were women. This is interesting because despite marine sector is a male dominated sector, all our events spoke to a predominately female audience, which also showed the interests and needs for capacity building for women in this field.
Impact Resultant Outcomes • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022, co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. Available from here https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries" published in October 2022, available from here: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881). • A joint policy brief by FAO, One Ocean Hub, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. Available from here: https://ssflex.fao.org/). • One Ocean Hub's small-scale fisheries focused webpage: https://oneoceanhub.org/iyafa/. Peer-reviewed journal articles • Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • Golo HK, Erinosho B. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • Ibrahim S and Golo HK. (2023). "Right to Culture in Marine Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Ghana: Reflections of FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Maritime Studies (under review, submitted September 2023). • Kulundu-Bolus I, McGarry D and Lotz-Sisitka R "Think Piece: Learning, Living and Leading into Transgression - A reflection on decolonial praxis in a neoliberal world." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 36, pp.111-130, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v36i1.14. • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Mbatha P (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Nakamura J, Weston JCL and Lennan M (2023). "International Legal Responses for Protecting Fishers' Fundamental Rights Impacted by a Changing Ocean." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38 (2023, pp. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10141. • Pereira T and Erwin K (2023). "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice, Ecosystems and People, 19:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Rudolph TB, Ruckelshaus M, Swilling M, Allison EH, Österblom H, Gelcich S & Mbatha P. (2020). "A transition to sustainable ocean governance." Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2 • Sowman M et al (2021). "Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Sowman M and Sunde J (2021). "A Just transition? Navigating the process of policy implementation in small-scale fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104683 • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. • Morgera E and Nakamura J, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2 Book chapters: • Ansah JW, Oduro GY, and Wilson D. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Christoffels-du Plessis A., Erinosha, B., Major L., Morgera E., Sunde J. and Vermeylen S. Navigating a sea of laws: Small-scale Fishing Communities and Customary Rights in Ghana and South Africa. In Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (Eds) The Palgrave Book of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan. Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Christoffels-Du Plessis, A., and Sunde, J. 2020. Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for small-scale fisheries in South Africa. In Kerezi, V., Nakamura, J., El Halimi, M., and Chuenpagdee, R. (Eds.) Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries: Global Illustrations. TBTI Global Publication Series, St. John's, NL, Canada, http://toobigtoignore.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/South-Africa_01.pdf • Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. • Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Kanyimba AT & Jonas MN (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15 • Warikandwa TV, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f • Warikandwa TW, Shakalela E, Libebe EL (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14. • Warikandwa TW (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • B Erinosho, L Major, E Morgera, J Sunde and S Vermeylen. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • JW Ansah, GY Oduro, and D Wilson. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Book chapter: E Morgera and J Nakamura, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • HK Golo, S Ibrahim, B Erinosho. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Blogposts and other publications summarising the events and engagements. • Erinosho B, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/. • Febrica S. "Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks," 29 November 2020, https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fisheries-and-blue-justice/. • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised a workshop on sustainable small-scale fisheries law," 28 April 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/1939-2/ • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised webinar on Namibia's small-scale fisheries," 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-food-and-agriculture-organization-and-the-one-ocean-hub-co-organised-webinar-on-namibias-small-scale-fisheries/. • Febrica S, Nakamura J, Sunde J & Warikandwa T, "Strengthening knowledge on national policy and law and their alignment with the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines," 31 January 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/. • Khan U, "Exploring the blue carbon potential in Namibia," 3 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-blue-carbon-potential-in-namibia/. • Morgera E, "Key messages: high level event on small-scale fishers' rights," June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/ • Mthombeni M, "I took my ancestors to the United Nations, and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs," 10 July 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Empatheatre - Changing Understandings and Engagements with ocean dependent communities: Lalela uLwandle," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives Through Documentary Filmmaking," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana -Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-Scale Fisheries," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-scale Fisheries," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact story: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives through Documentary Filmmaking," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Fishers' songs from Ghana to Glasgow - A documentary film 'Cocooned in harmony' screens at the Centre for contemporary arts, "6 April 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-songs-from-ghana-to-glasgow-a-documentary-film-cocooned-in-harmony-screens-at-the-centre-of-contemporary-arts/ • One Ocean Hub, "Partnering with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries," 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-for-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries/. • One Ocean Hub, "Opening a platform for women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana," 29 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ • One Ocean Hub, "Welcoming local NGOs as Hub partners in Ghana, Namibia and South Africa: from seaweed education to human rights legal support," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/welcoming-local-ngos-as-hub-partners-in-ghana-namibia-and-south-africa-from-seaweed-education-to-human-rights-legal-support/ • One Ocean Hub, "Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ • One Ocean Hub, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Pereira T, Francis B and McGarry D, "The unexpected impact of a letter to the minister from One Ocean Hub researchers resulting in an opportunity to facilitate counter hegemonic mapping into transgressive ocean decision making for Amathole Marine Protected Area, South Africa, 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researchers-resulting-in-an-opportunity-to-facilitate-counter-hegemonic-mapping-into-transgressive-ocean-decision-making-for-amath/ • Pereira Kaplan T , "The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment" judge rules in the Shell seismic survey case, 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ • Pereira Kaplan T, "Deepening partnerships with small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/. • Sowman M, Sunde J and Lambrecht M, "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the west coast of South Africa," 7 September 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ • Sunde J. (2022). "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121 https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ • Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. • Samuel MM, Tshiningayamwe S, Jonas M and Kanyimba A. "Exploring ocean benefits, challenges, and prospects with Namibian coastal communities," 4 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-ocean-benefits-challenges-and-prospects-with-namibian-coastal-communities/ • Sunde J, "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Tshiningayamwe S, "Working with marginalised communities for more equitable ocean decision-making and other news from Namibia," 27 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-marginalised-communities-for-more-equitable-ocean-decision-making-and-other-news-from-namibia/. • Veii A and Nghipangelwa S, "Working in a transdisciplinary team to understand climate vulnerability on recreational fishing in Namibia," 26 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part One)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part Two)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/ • Wilson D, "Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa," 1 March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ • Wilson D, "Customary law, tangible and intangible heritage, and ocean governance workshops," 27 June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/ Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • UN Ocean Conference side-event titled "Small in scale, big in value: Stocktaking, partnerships and solutions in support of small-scale fisheries" (led by FAO), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). For more information see here: https://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1529971/. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was invited to: Act as lead discussant at the Interactive dialogue 4 "Making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets," 29 June 2024, in the Tejo Hall of the Conference venue. The event was attended by 50 attendees. For further information, see here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/making-fisheries-sustainable-and-providing-access-small-scale-artisanal-fishers-marine; watch the recording here: https://media.un.org/en/asset/k18/k185g5nkrg Capacity Building Session for UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni in 2020 • Covid-19 Impacts on the South African Small Scale Fisheries Sector: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDeJJG3qt0E. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdbVNhHf6Q. This event was attended by 62 attendees. Workshops co-organised with FAO • Regional Training Workshop on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries, 12-15 April 2021 in South Africa, Namibia and Ghana (April 2021). A total of 177 attendees (57 attendees on Day 1; 47 attendees on Day 2; 43 attendees on Day 3 and 30 attendees on Day 4). • The FAO led Parallel session #4.1 - "SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database" at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress Africa, 21 November 2022. This event was attended by 100 attendees. • A series of two days events titled "Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries: Towards a National Plan of Action for Small Scale Fisheries in Namibia" on 10th-11th June 2021. These series were attended by 70 attendees. UN World Oceans Day Events • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording is available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU. This event was attended by 54 attendees. • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants. GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School • Professor Elisa Morgera and Dr Dylan McGarry presentations in for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: - Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • One Ocean Hub's three led panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022: - The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small scale fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Video, film outputs • Photo-story: Small-scale fishers and human rights, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhqzgSCjfug. • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • Defenders of the Ocean, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'COP27 Children and Youth Pavilion speaker: Camila Awo Dzidzor One Ocean Hub', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A
Start Year 2021
 
Description BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES 
Organisation IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature
Country Switzerland 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution This partnership began in 2021 through the FAO's existing programme to support national implementation of the FAO Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) through national legislation. To support this, One Ocean Hub co-hosted with FAO regional workshops with government, community, research, and NGO representation from Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, to identify legislative barriers to the implementation of the FAO voluntary SSF guidelines in each country, thereby contributing to national research, while co-developing a global instrument, the FAO SSF Policy and Legal diagnostic tool in April 2021. Co-design of the regional workshop with South African researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network allowed FAO to shift from a top-down approach that focused on discussing what international law requires from governments to an approach informed by local context, and responds to specific needs of SSF, through international law when national law falls short. Hub researchers facilitated SSF representatives' direct participation in the workshop in varied ways, including voice or video messages that communicated their priorities. SSF and government representatives, as well as non-legal researchers were made aware of how international law is (or is not) applied in the context of South Africa, Ghana and Namibia. This is now informing planning of further inter-disciplinary research that will guide strategies on partnerships with governments and SSF in Ghana. In addition, this regional event led to a follow-up event specifically for Namibia, in collaboration with the FAO, the Hub and the Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Namibia. The webinar series organised on 10-11 June 2021 was titled 'Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries.' It was aimed at providing the evidence required to support the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, which the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which was published in 2022 as part of its commitment to implement the FAO SSF Guidelines. The workshop provided an opportunity to integrate the early research findings from the One Ocean Hub into the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, notably with regard to the inclusion of the views of indigenous communities that have been displaced from the coast (Topnaar). This event led to an invitation for nominations for two experts to sit on Namibia's national task force on SSF (upon acceptance by the Ministry of Fisheries). The key research findings that were shared with FAO focused on the approaches to: • redress marginalisation of previously disadvantaged communities including those that have been historically removed from the coast e.g. the Topnaar community), and • address the diverse capacity-building needs of different stakeholder groups that are expected to benefit from or contribute to implementation (SSF associations, SSF women and youth, town councils, NGOs, and primary schools). In addition, FAO invited the Hub to co-develop two e-learning courses on implementation of the FAO Guidelines on SSF to be housed on the FAO E-learning Academy website (https://elearning.fao.org/). The courses are meant to respond to government officers' and fishers' needs respectively, to implement the FAO Guidelines. The latter will allow SSF to obtain an international certification on the FAO E-learning Academy that contributes to their professional development and recognition of SSF. Two papers by Hub colleagues in Ghana and South Africa were integrated as case studies in the first FAO e-learning course on SSF law and policy (in additions to insights arising from the joint Hub-FAO workshops). A new e-learning course will be co-developed in 2023 with a view to directly addressing the question and challenges of small-scale fishers in invoking international law and human rights in their daily interactions with authorities and other stakeholders, based on Hub partnerships with small-scale fishing organizations in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. In addition, this allowed the Hub to bring together FAO and UNEP into a joint event during World Oceans Week 2021 to discuss directly with SSF representatives from South Africa key challenges. Towards the end of 2021, the collaboration with FAO led to an ambitious joint programme of work to advance the human rights-based approach to small scale fisheries as part of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The joint programme of work advanced understanding of the multiple threats to the rights of small-scale fishers to have a voice in decisions affecting their lives, health, culture and livelihoods, and garner further support for small-scale fishers that act as environmental human rights defenders. We shared key research insights and supported small-scale fisheries representatives to speak directly about their human rights concerns in a high-level event at World Ocean Week (WOW) 2022, to the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment participated. In June 2022, the Hub was invited to join the panelists of the High-level Interactive Dialogue on Fisheries at the UN Ocean Conference, and shared on that occasion the key messages from the WOW event (see report summarising key messages shared during the event here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/). These were then published in late 2022 as the first joint policy brief between FAO and the UNOHCHR, together with the Hub: "Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals" (Available here: https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). This joint programme of work also furthered partnerships with various civil society organizations. WWF Accelerating Coastal Community Led Conservation Initiative for the Oceans Practice reached out to the Hub to join efforts for IYAFA, including joint events at the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 on the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. WWF further invited the One Ocean Hub to join: the Blue Food Alliance that aims to transform our food system to focus on health, justice, and environmental sustainability; and the SSF Network, which arose from the first SSF Summit in September 2022. In addition, Naturskyddsföreningen (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation), Blue Venture, the Too-Big-To-Ignore research programme, and the IUCN Specialist Group on People and the Ocean approached the Hub to contribute to the programme of work for IYAFA. All these civil society partners emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. For the official closing of IYAFA (March 2023), the FAO invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to speak at the high-level closing event and the Empatheatre team from South Africa to perform "Listen to the Sea" immediately afterwards. FAO and the Hub also co-organised a series of hybrid events prior to the closing event: a workshop on art-based approaches to the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa, to explore their replicability in UN and NGO projects (Wed 29th March); a hybrid training on human rights and fisheries with the UNOHCHR and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (29th March); and a hybrid roundtable on WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and small-scale fishers' human rights (31st March). As a result of these activities, the Hub's recommendations on integrating human rights in the agenda of the second SSF Summit (scheduled in July 2024; more information here: https://ssfhub.org/ssf-summit-2024) were included and the Hub was invited to become an official partner of the SSF Hub which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community, and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (November 2023). FAO invited Elisa Morgera to a workshop, 14-16 November 2023, (https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-workshop-towards-creating-an-enabling-environment-for-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries/), Rome that brought together regional and global partners, as well as from various countries, and small-scale fisheries organisations, for experience sharing and learning on the work conducted to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines worldwide, as well as exploring potential areas of future work and collaboration and further enhancing awareness and knowledge of the SSF Guidelines. https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ Finally, the Hub summarised key findings from all these activities in a written submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, who will devote his 2024 report to fisheries, with a focus on the SSF Guidelines. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy. • partner organisations based in the Global South: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; ICCA Consortium, Malaysia; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; Abalobi, South Africa; SmartFish AC, Mexico. • Research organization based in the Global North: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Switzerland; Blue Ventures, UK; Too Big To Ignore, Canada; The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty's Fisheries Working Group, Italy; Conservation International, US; Environmental Defense Fund, US; Fauna & Flora, UK; Blue Ventures, UK; Ocean Outcomes, US; Wildlife Conservation Society, US; Rare, US; WildAid, US; Future of Fish Seattle, US; International Institute for Environment and Development, UK; International Pole & Line Foundation, UK; Oceana, US.
Collaborator Contribution FAO supported the development of the Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) and had already run a pilot regional workshop on their implementation through legislation. FAO is a member of the Executive Team of the One Ocean Hub and based on the early findings from the Hub on the need to further clarify the human rights-based approach to fisheries (Morgera and Nakamura, 2021), FAO invited the Hub to co-develop a diagnostic tool, co-organize another regional workshop in Hub countries and develop further e-learning tools. FAO provided USD 37,450 of in-kind match funding from FAO consultants to support course development. To support the planning and the organisation of the joint programme for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries in 2022, the FAO and UNEP has also provided in-kind support, in the form of staff time. The expansion of the partnership to the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a first for the ocean community and has provided invaluable insights for the Hub researchers, and their UN and civil society partners on how to rely on the international human rights monitoring system to support small-scale fishers on the ground when governments are falling behind in implementing their international commitments. The partnership has brought together a new Hub's inter-disciplinary team that has connected research across disciplines and scales. University of Strathclyde, Law School, Nelson Mandela University, University of Cape Coast and University of Namibia provide legal expertise. Rhodes University, Cape Town University, University of Namibia and University of Cape Coast provide sociological research co-developed with small-scale fishing communities. As an inter-disciplinary and cross-scale group we made significant progress towards channeling available legal, technical and strategic international support towards ocean-dependent communities in focus countries, as well as upscaling relevant findings to benefit other ODA-recipient countries. We contributed to focusing international support on SSF according to their needs as co-identified with Hub researchers. Our cross-scale approach has also opened pathways for marshalling international support towards, indigenous peoples and coastal communities negatively affected by blue economy initiatives ("ocean defenders"), and women and children negatively affected by unsustainable uses of the ocean. Support at the international level lends cachet to local advocacy efforts and influences systemic change at the national level. We achieved this progress by developing work programmes with international partners that are active across scales (national, regional and international), forming a nested approach to pathways to the Hub's national and international impact, and by: • co-developing research from the outset with international partners; • systematically sharing early findings through partners' ongoing capacity-building activities or co-developing new capacity-building activities, to engage in direct dialogue with their beneficiary country representatives; • proactively sharing early findings that contribute to international partners' own planning and agenda-setting activities; and • strategically utilising the strength of Hub partnerships with international organisations to leverage further support towards Hub objectives from other international partners. In doing so, we have built the capacity of: • South African, Ghanaian and Namibian community representatives to engage directly in international debates, while addressing their practical constraints and other, more pressing demands on their time; • communities to participate in national policy-making processes; • researchers to engage directly with international partners, as an essential skillset for researchers who have not yet worked across scales, so they can develop meaningful cross-scale networks; and • international partners and processes to adapt their modalities to accommodate community representatives' needs. As part of the Hub's ongoing partnership with FAO, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa contributed to the development and launch of a new international database called SSF-LEX (https://ssflex.fao.org/) that serves to identify relevant national law and policy instruments for small-scale fisheries and to assess whether there is alignment with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. It provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The purpose of the database is to help identify good State practices and needs for improvements. Hub early-career researcher Julia Nakamura (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-led the team in FAO that developed SSF-LEX, while Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tapiwa Warikandwa (University of Namibia, Namibia) reviewed and contributed to the SSF-LEX's country profiles of Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa (More information on Hub's contributions to the SSF-LEX is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). Julia Nakamura co-organised the launch of 'SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database' at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress-Africa (Cape Town, South Africa, 21-23 November 2022) on 23 November 2022, with a view to addressing fisheries managers, legal practitioners, scientists, academics, governments representatives, non-governmental stakeholders, fishers, and fishing communities. Jackie Sunde was invited as a panelists, who reflected on the usefulness of SSF-LEX to fishers, academics and human rights lawyers, from the South African perspective (More information on the SSF-LEX launch event could be found here: https://www.fao.org/legal-services/news/news-detail/en/c/1624163/). In November 2023, the Hub became an official partner of the Small-Scale Fisheries Resource & Collaboration Hub ("SSF Hub"), which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The Hub has been participating in regular meetings with the SSF Hub partners, sharing research, approaches and resources to support the following vision: "Small-scale fisheries and communities that are resilient, thriving and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) (https://oneoceanhub.org/becoming-official-partners-of-the-ssf-hub/). In October 2023 the SSF Hub shared various resources in their online library/ resources database such as our video recordings of "Fostering Cooperation Among Relevant UN bodies to Advance Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights" organised for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 14 November 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fostering-cooperation-among-relevant-un-bodies-advance-small-scale-fishers-human-rights); "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities & Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" organized on 7 June 2023 for the UN World Oceans Day 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/exploring-challenges-opportunities-alliances-protection-small-scale-fishers-human-rights) and "A Fishing Heritage in Peril", Artwork from DEEP Fund Project 'Fishers Tales" (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fishing-heritage-peril-artwork-deep-fund-project-fishers-tales). A complete list of the One Ocean Hub resources that are available on the SSF Hub can be found here: https://ssfhub.org/contributing-organization/one-ocean-hub. The Hub contributed to three submissions to the call by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to give inputs on his upcoming report on fisheries: • The KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum provided evidence on limitations in public participation in decision-making in South Africa, including on oil and gas development, as well as ocean master plan and marine protected areas. In addition, the evidence called attention to the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' tenure. • Jackie Sunde, University of Cape Town, also provided evidence on the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa in the context of the expansion of marine transport, ports and energy infrastructure. The submission also noted the need to recognize women's contributions to the value chain in the traditional line fish sector, as it provides multiple sources of food to different groups in a community but is not factored into fisheries policy making and rights allocation. More information here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/e19cnpbel7h4a7lap7ked6fdch. • A submission by Elisa Morgera shared comparative insights from research in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia and in the Caribbean, about the misrecognition and disrespect of the cultural rights of small-scale fishers (their spiritual and cultural connections to marine spaces, their distinctive knowledge systems, and their customary laws) - within and outside the fisheries sector - as one of the root causes of the violations of their right to food, as well as their participation in relevant policy processes. This submission also pointed to: lack of strategic environmental assessments for various policy areas that negatively affect fisheries and marine biodiversity (such as mining, infrastructure development, tourism), as well as the lack of national legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for large-scale fisheries (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12462); the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; and good practices that have strengthened the recognition, protection and remedies for small-scale fishers (Empatheatre in South Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf; documentary on fishers' songs in Ghana, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf; documentary with displaced Indigenous peoples in Namibia, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; Coastal Justice Network in South Africa, https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/; and pop-up clinics to provide women in small-scale fishing communities legal advice, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf: and direct academic research and action towards their legal needs. Read the written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/m1aqqg2i11g7dmfa1ddsvqpvag. This collaboration has brought notable policy impacts. As explained above, Hub's research, experience, and practices have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. The Tool aims to support the identification of barriers and opportunities to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) in the Context of Food in national laws and policies. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022). This five-lesson course provides guidance on how to assess existing legal and policy frameworks for fisheries in a specific country, explains how to legislate for small-scale fisheries, and outlines the main components of small-scale fisheries-specific legislation. It aims at helping professionals engaged in dialogue on policy and legislation processes and actions at all levels relating to small-scale fisheries, as well as at academic institutions and members of the general public interested in the subject (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. In the context of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the collaborative research initiative One Ocean Hub have been collaborating to raise awareness of the full scope of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. This policy brief aims to clarify the scope of the international human rights-based approach, including the corresponding State obligations, and to highlight how the coherent protection of these rights supports the realization of multiple Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements (https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). • Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA (e.g. WWF, Blue Ventures. Significance of Hub's contributions was evident from invitation to Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, to present Hub's research findings at the official high-level closing ceremony of IYAFA at the FAO headquarters in Rome (see outcomes section of this entry). In 2024, the Hub is working with FAO, SSF Hub, and supporters of IYAFA to strategise and plan for the upcoming SSF Summit that will take place in July 2024. This collaboration has achieved societal impacts by (1) raising awareness on the needs, interests, and human rights of small-scale fishers among national and international stakeholders and (2) strengthening the capacity of a total of 1,466 stakeholders from diverse professional categories including small-scale fisher, researcher, public sector, NGO, and international organization from Africa, South Pacific, the Caribbean, Asia Europe and North America. Events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration have also strengthened gender equality because they speak to predominantly women audience. On average 56% of attendees were women. This is interesting because despite marine sector is a male dominated sector, all our events spoke to a predominately female audience, which also showed the interests and needs for capacity building for women in this field.
Impact Resultant Outcomes • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022, co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. Available from here https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries" published in October 2022, available from here: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881). • A joint policy brief by FAO, One Ocean Hub, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. Available from here: https://ssflex.fao.org/). • One Ocean Hub's small-scale fisheries focused webpage: https://oneoceanhub.org/iyafa/. Peer-reviewed journal articles • Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • Golo HK, Erinosho B. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • Ibrahim S and Golo HK. (2023). "Right to Culture in Marine Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Ghana: Reflections of FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Maritime Studies (under review, submitted September 2023). • Kulundu-Bolus I, McGarry D and Lotz-Sisitka R "Think Piece: Learning, Living and Leading into Transgression - A reflection on decolonial praxis in a neoliberal world." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 36, pp.111-130, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v36i1.14. • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Mbatha P (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Nakamura J, Weston JCL and Lennan M (2023). "International Legal Responses for Protecting Fishers' Fundamental Rights Impacted by a Changing Ocean." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38 (2023, pp. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10141. • Pereira T and Erwin K (2023). "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice, Ecosystems and People, 19:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Rudolph TB, Ruckelshaus M, Swilling M, Allison EH, Österblom H, Gelcich S & Mbatha P. (2020). "A transition to sustainable ocean governance." Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2 • Sowman M et al (2021). "Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Sowman M and Sunde J (2021). "A Just transition? Navigating the process of policy implementation in small-scale fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104683 • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. • Morgera E and Nakamura J, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2 Book chapters: • Ansah JW, Oduro GY, and Wilson D. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Christoffels-du Plessis A., Erinosha, B., Major L., Morgera E., Sunde J. and Vermeylen S. Navigating a sea of laws: Small-scale Fishing Communities and Customary Rights in Ghana and South Africa. In Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (Eds) The Palgrave Book of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan. Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Christoffels-Du Plessis, A., and Sunde, J. 2020. Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for small-scale fisheries in South Africa. In Kerezi, V., Nakamura, J., El Halimi, M., and Chuenpagdee, R. (Eds.) Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries: Global Illustrations. TBTI Global Publication Series, St. John's, NL, Canada, http://toobigtoignore.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/South-Africa_01.pdf • Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. • Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Kanyimba AT & Jonas MN (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15 • Warikandwa TV, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f • Warikandwa TW, Shakalela E, Libebe EL (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14. • Warikandwa TW (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • B Erinosho, L Major, E Morgera, J Sunde and S Vermeylen. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • JW Ansah, GY Oduro, and D Wilson. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Book chapter: E Morgera and J Nakamura, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • HK Golo, S Ibrahim, B Erinosho. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Blogposts and other publications summarising the events and engagements. • Erinosho B, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/. • Febrica S. "Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks," 29 November 2020, https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fisheries-and-blue-justice/. • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised a workshop on sustainable small-scale fisheries law," 28 April 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/1939-2/ • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised webinar on Namibia's small-scale fisheries," 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-food-and-agriculture-organization-and-the-one-ocean-hub-co-organised-webinar-on-namibias-small-scale-fisheries/. • Febrica S, Nakamura J, Sunde J & Warikandwa T, "Strengthening knowledge on national policy and law and their alignment with the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines," 31 January 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/. • Khan U, "Exploring the blue carbon potential in Namibia," 3 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-blue-carbon-potential-in-namibia/. • Morgera E, "Key messages: high level event on small-scale fishers' rights," June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/ • Mthombeni M, "I took my ancestors to the United Nations, and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs," 10 July 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Empatheatre - Changing Understandings and Engagements with ocean dependent communities: Lalela uLwandle," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives Through Documentary Filmmaking," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana -Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-Scale Fisheries," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-scale Fisheries," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact story: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives through Documentary Filmmaking," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Fishers' songs from Ghana to Glasgow - A documentary film 'Cocooned in harmony' screens at the Centre for contemporary arts, "6 April 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-songs-from-ghana-to-glasgow-a-documentary-film-cocooned-in-harmony-screens-at-the-centre-of-contemporary-arts/ • One Ocean Hub, "Partnering with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries," 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-for-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries/. • One Ocean Hub, "Opening a platform for women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana," 29 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ • One Ocean Hub, "Welcoming local NGOs as Hub partners in Ghana, Namibia and South Africa: from seaweed education to human rights legal support," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/welcoming-local-ngos-as-hub-partners-in-ghana-namibia-and-south-africa-from-seaweed-education-to-human-rights-legal-support/ • One Ocean Hub, "Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ • One Ocean Hub, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Pereira T, Francis B and McGarry D, "The unexpected impact of a letter to the minister from One Ocean Hub researchers resulting in an opportunity to facilitate counter hegemonic mapping into transgressive ocean decision making for Amathole Marine Protected Area, South Africa, 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researchers-resulting-in-an-opportunity-to-facilitate-counter-hegemonic-mapping-into-transgressive-ocean-decision-making-for-amath/ • Pereira Kaplan T , "The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment" judge rules in the Shell seismic survey case, 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ • Pereira Kaplan T, "Deepening partnerships with small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/. • Sowman M, Sunde J and Lambrecht M, "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the west coast of South Africa," 7 September 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ • Sunde J. (2022). "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121 https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ • Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. • Samuel MM, Tshiningayamwe S, Jonas M and Kanyimba A. "Exploring ocean benefits, challenges, and prospects with Namibian coastal communities," 4 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-ocean-benefits-challenges-and-prospects-with-namibian-coastal-communities/ • Sunde J, "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Tshiningayamwe S, "Working with marginalised communities for more equitable ocean decision-making and other news from Namibia," 27 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-marginalised-communities-for-more-equitable-ocean-decision-making-and-other-news-from-namibia/. • Veii A and Nghipangelwa S, "Working in a transdisciplinary team to understand climate vulnerability on recreational fishing in Namibia," 26 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part One)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part Two)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/ • Wilson D, "Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa," 1 March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ • Wilson D, "Customary law, tangible and intangible heritage, and ocean governance workshops," 27 June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/ Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • UN Ocean Conference side-event titled "Small in scale, big in value: Stocktaking, partnerships and solutions in support of small-scale fisheries" (led by FAO), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). For more information see here: https://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1529971/. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was invited to: Act as lead discussant at the Interactive dialogue 4 "Making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets," 29 June 2024, in the Tejo Hall of the Conference venue. The event was attended by 50 attendees. For further information, see here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/making-fisheries-sustainable-and-providing-access-small-scale-artisanal-fishers-marine; watch the recording here: https://media.un.org/en/asset/k18/k185g5nkrg Capacity Building Session for UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni in 2020 • Covid-19 Impacts on the South African Small Scale Fisheries Sector: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDeJJG3qt0E. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdbVNhHf6Q. This event was attended by 62 attendees. Workshops co-organised with FAO • Regional Training Workshop on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries, 12-15 April 2021 in South Africa, Namibia and Ghana (April 2021). A total of 177 attendees (57 attendees on Day 1; 47 attendees on Day 2; 43 attendees on Day 3 and 30 attendees on Day 4). • The FAO led Parallel session #4.1 - "SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database" at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress Africa, 21 November 2022. This event was attended by 100 attendees. • A series of two days events titled "Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries: Towards a National Plan of Action for Small Scale Fisheries in Namibia" on 10th-11th June 2021. These series were attended by 70 attendees. UN World Oceans Day Events • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording is available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU. This event was attended by 54 attendees. • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants. GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School • Professor Elisa Morgera and Dr Dylan McGarry presentations in for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: - Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • One Ocean Hub's three led panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022: - The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small scale fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Video, film outputs • Photo-story: Small-scale fishers and human rights, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhqzgSCjfug. • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • Defenders of the Ocean, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'COP27 Children and Youth Pavilion speaker: Camila Awo Dzidzor One Ocean Hub', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A
Start Year 2021
 
Description BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES 
Organisation International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED)
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution This partnership began in 2021 through the FAO's existing programme to support national implementation of the FAO Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) through national legislation. To support this, One Ocean Hub co-hosted with FAO regional workshops with government, community, research, and NGO representation from Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, to identify legislative barriers to the implementation of the FAO voluntary SSF guidelines in each country, thereby contributing to national research, while co-developing a global instrument, the FAO SSF Policy and Legal diagnostic tool in April 2021. Co-design of the regional workshop with South African researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network allowed FAO to shift from a top-down approach that focused on discussing what international law requires from governments to an approach informed by local context, and responds to specific needs of SSF, through international law when national law falls short. Hub researchers facilitated SSF representatives' direct participation in the workshop in varied ways, including voice or video messages that communicated their priorities. SSF and government representatives, as well as non-legal researchers were made aware of how international law is (or is not) applied in the context of South Africa, Ghana and Namibia. This is now informing planning of further inter-disciplinary research that will guide strategies on partnerships with governments and SSF in Ghana. In addition, this regional event led to a follow-up event specifically for Namibia, in collaboration with the FAO, the Hub and the Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Namibia. The webinar series organised on 10-11 June 2021 was titled 'Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries.' It was aimed at providing the evidence required to support the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, which the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which was published in 2022 as part of its commitment to implement the FAO SSF Guidelines. The workshop provided an opportunity to integrate the early research findings from the One Ocean Hub into the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, notably with regard to the inclusion of the views of indigenous communities that have been displaced from the coast (Topnaar). This event led to an invitation for nominations for two experts to sit on Namibia's national task force on SSF (upon acceptance by the Ministry of Fisheries). The key research findings that were shared with FAO focused on the approaches to: • redress marginalisation of previously disadvantaged communities including those that have been historically removed from the coast e.g. the Topnaar community), and • address the diverse capacity-building needs of different stakeholder groups that are expected to benefit from or contribute to implementation (SSF associations, SSF women and youth, town councils, NGOs, and primary schools). In addition, FAO invited the Hub to co-develop two e-learning courses on implementation of the FAO Guidelines on SSF to be housed on the FAO E-learning Academy website (https://elearning.fao.org/). The courses are meant to respond to government officers' and fishers' needs respectively, to implement the FAO Guidelines. The latter will allow SSF to obtain an international certification on the FAO E-learning Academy that contributes to their professional development and recognition of SSF. Two papers by Hub colleagues in Ghana and South Africa were integrated as case studies in the first FAO e-learning course on SSF law and policy (in additions to insights arising from the joint Hub-FAO workshops). A new e-learning course will be co-developed in 2023 with a view to directly addressing the question and challenges of small-scale fishers in invoking international law and human rights in their daily interactions with authorities and other stakeholders, based on Hub partnerships with small-scale fishing organizations in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. In addition, this allowed the Hub to bring together FAO and UNEP into a joint event during World Oceans Week 2021 to discuss directly with SSF representatives from South Africa key challenges. Towards the end of 2021, the collaboration with FAO led to an ambitious joint programme of work to advance the human rights-based approach to small scale fisheries as part of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The joint programme of work advanced understanding of the multiple threats to the rights of small-scale fishers to have a voice in decisions affecting their lives, health, culture and livelihoods, and garner further support for small-scale fishers that act as environmental human rights defenders. We shared key research insights and supported small-scale fisheries representatives to speak directly about their human rights concerns in a high-level event at World Ocean Week (WOW) 2022, to the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment participated. In June 2022, the Hub was invited to join the panelists of the High-level Interactive Dialogue on Fisheries at the UN Ocean Conference, and shared on that occasion the key messages from the WOW event (see report summarising key messages shared during the event here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/). These were then published in late 2022 as the first joint policy brief between FAO and the UNOHCHR, together with the Hub: "Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals" (Available here: https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). This joint programme of work also furthered partnerships with various civil society organizations. WWF Accelerating Coastal Community Led Conservation Initiative for the Oceans Practice reached out to the Hub to join efforts for IYAFA, including joint events at the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 on the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. WWF further invited the One Ocean Hub to join: the Blue Food Alliance that aims to transform our food system to focus on health, justice, and environmental sustainability; and the SSF Network, which arose from the first SSF Summit in September 2022. In addition, Naturskyddsföreningen (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation), Blue Venture, the Too-Big-To-Ignore research programme, and the IUCN Specialist Group on People and the Ocean approached the Hub to contribute to the programme of work for IYAFA. All these civil society partners emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. For the official closing of IYAFA (March 2023), the FAO invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to speak at the high-level closing event and the Empatheatre team from South Africa to perform "Listen to the Sea" immediately afterwards. FAO and the Hub also co-organised a series of hybrid events prior to the closing event: a workshop on art-based approaches to the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa, to explore their replicability in UN and NGO projects (Wed 29th March); a hybrid training on human rights and fisheries with the UNOHCHR and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (29th March); and a hybrid roundtable on WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and small-scale fishers' human rights (31st March). As a result of these activities, the Hub's recommendations on integrating human rights in the agenda of the second SSF Summit (scheduled in July 2024; more information here: https://ssfhub.org/ssf-summit-2024) were included and the Hub was invited to become an official partner of the SSF Hub which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community, and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (November 2023). FAO invited Elisa Morgera to a workshop, 14-16 November 2023, (https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-workshop-towards-creating-an-enabling-environment-for-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries/), Rome that brought together regional and global partners, as well as from various countries, and small-scale fisheries organisations, for experience sharing and learning on the work conducted to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines worldwide, as well as exploring potential areas of future work and collaboration and further enhancing awareness and knowledge of the SSF Guidelines. https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ Finally, the Hub summarised key findings from all these activities in a written submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, who will devote his 2024 report to fisheries, with a focus on the SSF Guidelines. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy. • partner organisations based in the Global South: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; ICCA Consortium, Malaysia; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; Abalobi, South Africa; SmartFish AC, Mexico. • Research organization based in the Global North: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Switzerland; Blue Ventures, UK; Too Big To Ignore, Canada; The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty's Fisheries Working Group, Italy; Conservation International, US; Environmental Defense Fund, US; Fauna & Flora, UK; Blue Ventures, UK; Ocean Outcomes, US; Wildlife Conservation Society, US; Rare, US; WildAid, US; Future of Fish Seattle, US; International Institute for Environment and Development, UK; International Pole & Line Foundation, UK; Oceana, US.
Collaborator Contribution FAO supported the development of the Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) and had already run a pilot regional workshop on their implementation through legislation. FAO is a member of the Executive Team of the One Ocean Hub and based on the early findings from the Hub on the need to further clarify the human rights-based approach to fisheries (Morgera and Nakamura, 2021), FAO invited the Hub to co-develop a diagnostic tool, co-organize another regional workshop in Hub countries and develop further e-learning tools. FAO provided USD 37,450 of in-kind match funding from FAO consultants to support course development. To support the planning and the organisation of the joint programme for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries in 2022, the FAO and UNEP has also provided in-kind support, in the form of staff time. The expansion of the partnership to the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a first for the ocean community and has provided invaluable insights for the Hub researchers, and their UN and civil society partners on how to rely on the international human rights monitoring system to support small-scale fishers on the ground when governments are falling behind in implementing their international commitments. The partnership has brought together a new Hub's inter-disciplinary team that has connected research across disciplines and scales. University of Strathclyde, Law School, Nelson Mandela University, University of Cape Coast and University of Namibia provide legal expertise. Rhodes University, Cape Town University, University of Namibia and University of Cape Coast provide sociological research co-developed with small-scale fishing communities. As an inter-disciplinary and cross-scale group we made significant progress towards channeling available legal, technical and strategic international support towards ocean-dependent communities in focus countries, as well as upscaling relevant findings to benefit other ODA-recipient countries. We contributed to focusing international support on SSF according to their needs as co-identified with Hub researchers. Our cross-scale approach has also opened pathways for marshalling international support towards, indigenous peoples and coastal communities negatively affected by blue economy initiatives ("ocean defenders"), and women and children negatively affected by unsustainable uses of the ocean. Support at the international level lends cachet to local advocacy efforts and influences systemic change at the national level. We achieved this progress by developing work programmes with international partners that are active across scales (national, regional and international), forming a nested approach to pathways to the Hub's national and international impact, and by: • co-developing research from the outset with international partners; • systematically sharing early findings through partners' ongoing capacity-building activities or co-developing new capacity-building activities, to engage in direct dialogue with their beneficiary country representatives; • proactively sharing early findings that contribute to international partners' own planning and agenda-setting activities; and • strategically utilising the strength of Hub partnerships with international organisations to leverage further support towards Hub objectives from other international partners. In doing so, we have built the capacity of: • South African, Ghanaian and Namibian community representatives to engage directly in international debates, while addressing their practical constraints and other, more pressing demands on their time; • communities to participate in national policy-making processes; • researchers to engage directly with international partners, as an essential skillset for researchers who have not yet worked across scales, so they can develop meaningful cross-scale networks; and • international partners and processes to adapt their modalities to accommodate community representatives' needs. As part of the Hub's ongoing partnership with FAO, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa contributed to the development and launch of a new international database called SSF-LEX (https://ssflex.fao.org/) that serves to identify relevant national law and policy instruments for small-scale fisheries and to assess whether there is alignment with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. It provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The purpose of the database is to help identify good State practices and needs for improvements. Hub early-career researcher Julia Nakamura (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-led the team in FAO that developed SSF-LEX, while Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tapiwa Warikandwa (University of Namibia, Namibia) reviewed and contributed to the SSF-LEX's country profiles of Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa (More information on Hub's contributions to the SSF-LEX is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). Julia Nakamura co-organised the launch of 'SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database' at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress-Africa (Cape Town, South Africa, 21-23 November 2022) on 23 November 2022, with a view to addressing fisheries managers, legal practitioners, scientists, academics, governments representatives, non-governmental stakeholders, fishers, and fishing communities. Jackie Sunde was invited as a panelists, who reflected on the usefulness of SSF-LEX to fishers, academics and human rights lawyers, from the South African perspective (More information on the SSF-LEX launch event could be found here: https://www.fao.org/legal-services/news/news-detail/en/c/1624163/). In November 2023, the Hub became an official partner of the Small-Scale Fisheries Resource & Collaboration Hub ("SSF Hub"), which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The Hub has been participating in regular meetings with the SSF Hub partners, sharing research, approaches and resources to support the following vision: "Small-scale fisheries and communities that are resilient, thriving and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) (https://oneoceanhub.org/becoming-official-partners-of-the-ssf-hub/). In October 2023 the SSF Hub shared various resources in their online library/ resources database such as our video recordings of "Fostering Cooperation Among Relevant UN bodies to Advance Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights" organised for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 14 November 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fostering-cooperation-among-relevant-un-bodies-advance-small-scale-fishers-human-rights); "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities & Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" organized on 7 June 2023 for the UN World Oceans Day 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/exploring-challenges-opportunities-alliances-protection-small-scale-fishers-human-rights) and "A Fishing Heritage in Peril", Artwork from DEEP Fund Project 'Fishers Tales" (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fishing-heritage-peril-artwork-deep-fund-project-fishers-tales). A complete list of the One Ocean Hub resources that are available on the SSF Hub can be found here: https://ssfhub.org/contributing-organization/one-ocean-hub. The Hub contributed to three submissions to the call by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to give inputs on his upcoming report on fisheries: • The KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum provided evidence on limitations in public participation in decision-making in South Africa, including on oil and gas development, as well as ocean master plan and marine protected areas. In addition, the evidence called attention to the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' tenure. • Jackie Sunde, University of Cape Town, also provided evidence on the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa in the context of the expansion of marine transport, ports and energy infrastructure. The submission also noted the need to recognize women's contributions to the value chain in the traditional line fish sector, as it provides multiple sources of food to different groups in a community but is not factored into fisheries policy making and rights allocation. More information here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/e19cnpbel7h4a7lap7ked6fdch. • A submission by Elisa Morgera shared comparative insights from research in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia and in the Caribbean, about the misrecognition and disrespect of the cultural rights of small-scale fishers (their spiritual and cultural connections to marine spaces, their distinctive knowledge systems, and their customary laws) - within and outside the fisheries sector - as one of the root causes of the violations of their right to food, as well as their participation in relevant policy processes. This submission also pointed to: lack of strategic environmental assessments for various policy areas that negatively affect fisheries and marine biodiversity (such as mining, infrastructure development, tourism), as well as the lack of national legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for large-scale fisheries (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12462); the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; and good practices that have strengthened the recognition, protection and remedies for small-scale fishers (Empatheatre in South Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf; documentary on fishers' songs in Ghana, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf; documentary with displaced Indigenous peoples in Namibia, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; Coastal Justice Network in South Africa, https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/; and pop-up clinics to provide women in small-scale fishing communities legal advice, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf: and direct academic research and action towards their legal needs. Read the written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/m1aqqg2i11g7dmfa1ddsvqpvag. This collaboration has brought notable policy impacts. As explained above, Hub's research, experience, and practices have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. The Tool aims to support the identification of barriers and opportunities to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) in the Context of Food in national laws and policies. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022). This five-lesson course provides guidance on how to assess existing legal and policy frameworks for fisheries in a specific country, explains how to legislate for small-scale fisheries, and outlines the main components of small-scale fisheries-specific legislation. It aims at helping professionals engaged in dialogue on policy and legislation processes and actions at all levels relating to small-scale fisheries, as well as at academic institutions and members of the general public interested in the subject (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. In the context of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the collaborative research initiative One Ocean Hub have been collaborating to raise awareness of the full scope of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. This policy brief aims to clarify the scope of the international human rights-based approach, including the corresponding State obligations, and to highlight how the coherent protection of these rights supports the realization of multiple Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements (https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). • Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA (e.g. WWF, Blue Ventures. Significance of Hub's contributions was evident from invitation to Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, to present Hub's research findings at the official high-level closing ceremony of IYAFA at the FAO headquarters in Rome (see outcomes section of this entry). In 2024, the Hub is working with FAO, SSF Hub, and supporters of IYAFA to strategise and plan for the upcoming SSF Summit that will take place in July 2024. This collaboration has achieved societal impacts by (1) raising awareness on the needs, interests, and human rights of small-scale fishers among national and international stakeholders and (2) strengthening the capacity of a total of 1,466 stakeholders from diverse professional categories including small-scale fisher, researcher, public sector, NGO, and international organization from Africa, South Pacific, the Caribbean, Asia Europe and North America. Events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration have also strengthened gender equality because they speak to predominantly women audience. On average 56% of attendees were women. This is interesting because despite marine sector is a male dominated sector, all our events spoke to a predominately female audience, which also showed the interests and needs for capacity building for women in this field.
Impact Resultant Outcomes • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022, co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. Available from here https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries" published in October 2022, available from here: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881). • A joint policy brief by FAO, One Ocean Hub, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. Available from here: https://ssflex.fao.org/). • One Ocean Hub's small-scale fisheries focused webpage: https://oneoceanhub.org/iyafa/. Peer-reviewed journal articles • Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • Golo HK, Erinosho B. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • Ibrahim S and Golo HK. (2023). "Right to Culture in Marine Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Ghana: Reflections of FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Maritime Studies (under review, submitted September 2023). • Kulundu-Bolus I, McGarry D and Lotz-Sisitka R "Think Piece: Learning, Living and Leading into Transgression - A reflection on decolonial praxis in a neoliberal world." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 36, pp.111-130, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v36i1.14. • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Mbatha P (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Nakamura J, Weston JCL and Lennan M (2023). "International Legal Responses for Protecting Fishers' Fundamental Rights Impacted by a Changing Ocean." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38 (2023, pp. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10141. • Pereira T and Erwin K (2023). "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice, Ecosystems and People, 19:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Rudolph TB, Ruckelshaus M, Swilling M, Allison EH, Österblom H, Gelcich S & Mbatha P. (2020). "A transition to sustainable ocean governance." Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2 • Sowman M et al (2021). "Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Sowman M and Sunde J (2021). "A Just transition? Navigating the process of policy implementation in small-scale fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104683 • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. • Morgera E and Nakamura J, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2 Book chapters: • Ansah JW, Oduro GY, and Wilson D. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Christoffels-du Plessis A., Erinosha, B., Major L., Morgera E., Sunde J. and Vermeylen S. Navigating a sea of laws: Small-scale Fishing Communities and Customary Rights in Ghana and South Africa. In Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (Eds) The Palgrave Book of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan. Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Christoffels-Du Plessis, A., and Sunde, J. 2020. Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for small-scale fisheries in South Africa. In Kerezi, V., Nakamura, J., El Halimi, M., and Chuenpagdee, R. (Eds.) Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries: Global Illustrations. TBTI Global Publication Series, St. John's, NL, Canada, http://toobigtoignore.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/South-Africa_01.pdf • Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. • Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Kanyimba AT & Jonas MN (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15 • Warikandwa TV, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f • Warikandwa TW, Shakalela E, Libebe EL (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14. • Warikandwa TW (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • B Erinosho, L Major, E Morgera, J Sunde and S Vermeylen. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • JW Ansah, GY Oduro, and D Wilson. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Book chapter: E Morgera and J Nakamura, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • HK Golo, S Ibrahim, B Erinosho. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Blogposts and other publications summarising the events and engagements. • Erinosho B, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/. • Febrica S. "Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks," 29 November 2020, https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fisheries-and-blue-justice/. • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised a workshop on sustainable small-scale fisheries law," 28 April 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/1939-2/ • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised webinar on Namibia's small-scale fisheries," 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-food-and-agriculture-organization-and-the-one-ocean-hub-co-organised-webinar-on-namibias-small-scale-fisheries/. • Febrica S, Nakamura J, Sunde J & Warikandwa T, "Strengthening knowledge on national policy and law and their alignment with the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines," 31 January 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/. • Khan U, "Exploring the blue carbon potential in Namibia," 3 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-blue-carbon-potential-in-namibia/. • Morgera E, "Key messages: high level event on small-scale fishers' rights," June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/ • Mthombeni M, "I took my ancestors to the United Nations, and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs," 10 July 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Empatheatre - Changing Understandings and Engagements with ocean dependent communities: Lalela uLwandle," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives Through Documentary Filmmaking," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana -Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-Scale Fisheries," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-scale Fisheries," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact story: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives through Documentary Filmmaking," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Fishers' songs from Ghana to Glasgow - A documentary film 'Cocooned in harmony' screens at the Centre for contemporary arts, "6 April 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-songs-from-ghana-to-glasgow-a-documentary-film-cocooned-in-harmony-screens-at-the-centre-of-contemporary-arts/ • One Ocean Hub, "Partnering with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries," 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-for-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries/. • One Ocean Hub, "Opening a platform for women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana," 29 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ • One Ocean Hub, "Welcoming local NGOs as Hub partners in Ghana, Namibia and South Africa: from seaweed education to human rights legal support," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/welcoming-local-ngos-as-hub-partners-in-ghana-namibia-and-south-africa-from-seaweed-education-to-human-rights-legal-support/ • One Ocean Hub, "Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ • One Ocean Hub, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Pereira T, Francis B and McGarry D, "The unexpected impact of a letter to the minister from One Ocean Hub researchers resulting in an opportunity to facilitate counter hegemonic mapping into transgressive ocean decision making for Amathole Marine Protected Area, South Africa, 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researchers-resulting-in-an-opportunity-to-facilitate-counter-hegemonic-mapping-into-transgressive-ocean-decision-making-for-amath/ • Pereira Kaplan T , "The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment" judge rules in the Shell seismic survey case, 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ • Pereira Kaplan T, "Deepening partnerships with small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/. • Sowman M, Sunde J and Lambrecht M, "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the west coast of South Africa," 7 September 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ • Sunde J. (2022). "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121 https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ • Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. • Samuel MM, Tshiningayamwe S, Jonas M and Kanyimba A. "Exploring ocean benefits, challenges, and prospects with Namibian coastal communities," 4 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-ocean-benefits-challenges-and-prospects-with-namibian-coastal-communities/ • Sunde J, "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Tshiningayamwe S, "Working with marginalised communities for more equitable ocean decision-making and other news from Namibia," 27 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-marginalised-communities-for-more-equitable-ocean-decision-making-and-other-news-from-namibia/. • Veii A and Nghipangelwa S, "Working in a transdisciplinary team to understand climate vulnerability on recreational fishing in Namibia," 26 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part One)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part Two)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/ • Wilson D, "Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa," 1 March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ • Wilson D, "Customary law, tangible and intangible heritage, and ocean governance workshops," 27 June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/ Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • UN Ocean Conference side-event titled "Small in scale, big in value: Stocktaking, partnerships and solutions in support of small-scale fisheries" (led by FAO), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). For more information see here: https://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1529971/. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was invited to: Act as lead discussant at the Interactive dialogue 4 "Making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets," 29 June 2024, in the Tejo Hall of the Conference venue. The event was attended by 50 attendees. For further information, see here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/making-fisheries-sustainable-and-providing-access-small-scale-artisanal-fishers-marine; watch the recording here: https://media.un.org/en/asset/k18/k185g5nkrg Capacity Building Session for UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni in 2020 • Covid-19 Impacts on the South African Small Scale Fisheries Sector: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDeJJG3qt0E. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdbVNhHf6Q. This event was attended by 62 attendees. Workshops co-organised with FAO • Regional Training Workshop on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries, 12-15 April 2021 in South Africa, Namibia and Ghana (April 2021). A total of 177 attendees (57 attendees on Day 1; 47 attendees on Day 2; 43 attendees on Day 3 and 30 attendees on Day 4). • The FAO led Parallel session #4.1 - "SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database" at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress Africa, 21 November 2022. This event was attended by 100 attendees. • A series of two days events titled "Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries: Towards a National Plan of Action for Small Scale Fisheries in Namibia" on 10th-11th June 2021. These series were attended by 70 attendees. UN World Oceans Day Events • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording is available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU. This event was attended by 54 attendees. • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants. GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School • Professor Elisa Morgera and Dr Dylan McGarry presentations in for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: - Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • One Ocean Hub's three led panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022: - The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small scale fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Video, film outputs • Photo-story: Small-scale fishers and human rights, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhqzgSCjfug. • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • Defenders of the Ocean, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'COP27 Children and Youth Pavilion speaker: Camila Awo Dzidzor One Ocean Hub', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A
Start Year 2021
 
Description BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES 
Organisation International Pole and Line Foundation
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution This partnership began in 2021 through the FAO's existing programme to support national implementation of the FAO Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) through national legislation. To support this, One Ocean Hub co-hosted with FAO regional workshops with government, community, research, and NGO representation from Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, to identify legislative barriers to the implementation of the FAO voluntary SSF guidelines in each country, thereby contributing to national research, while co-developing a global instrument, the FAO SSF Policy and Legal diagnostic tool in April 2021. Co-design of the regional workshop with South African researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network allowed FAO to shift from a top-down approach that focused on discussing what international law requires from governments to an approach informed by local context, and responds to specific needs of SSF, through international law when national law falls short. Hub researchers facilitated SSF representatives' direct participation in the workshop in varied ways, including voice or video messages that communicated their priorities. SSF and government representatives, as well as non-legal researchers were made aware of how international law is (or is not) applied in the context of South Africa, Ghana and Namibia. This is now informing planning of further inter-disciplinary research that will guide strategies on partnerships with governments and SSF in Ghana. In addition, this regional event led to a follow-up event specifically for Namibia, in collaboration with the FAO, the Hub and the Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Namibia. The webinar series organised on 10-11 June 2021 was titled 'Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries.' It was aimed at providing the evidence required to support the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, which the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which was published in 2022 as part of its commitment to implement the FAO SSF Guidelines. The workshop provided an opportunity to integrate the early research findings from the One Ocean Hub into the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, notably with regard to the inclusion of the views of indigenous communities that have been displaced from the coast (Topnaar). This event led to an invitation for nominations for two experts to sit on Namibia's national task force on SSF (upon acceptance by the Ministry of Fisheries). The key research findings that were shared with FAO focused on the approaches to: • redress marginalisation of previously disadvantaged communities including those that have been historically removed from the coast e.g. the Topnaar community), and • address the diverse capacity-building needs of different stakeholder groups that are expected to benefit from or contribute to implementation (SSF associations, SSF women and youth, town councils, NGOs, and primary schools). In addition, FAO invited the Hub to co-develop two e-learning courses on implementation of the FAO Guidelines on SSF to be housed on the FAO E-learning Academy website (https://elearning.fao.org/). The courses are meant to respond to government officers' and fishers' needs respectively, to implement the FAO Guidelines. The latter will allow SSF to obtain an international certification on the FAO E-learning Academy that contributes to their professional development and recognition of SSF. Two papers by Hub colleagues in Ghana and South Africa were integrated as case studies in the first FAO e-learning course on SSF law and policy (in additions to insights arising from the joint Hub-FAO workshops). A new e-learning course will be co-developed in 2023 with a view to directly addressing the question and challenges of small-scale fishers in invoking international law and human rights in their daily interactions with authorities and other stakeholders, based on Hub partnerships with small-scale fishing organizations in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. In addition, this allowed the Hub to bring together FAO and UNEP into a joint event during World Oceans Week 2021 to discuss directly with SSF representatives from South Africa key challenges. Towards the end of 2021, the collaboration with FAO led to an ambitious joint programme of work to advance the human rights-based approach to small scale fisheries as part of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The joint programme of work advanced understanding of the multiple threats to the rights of small-scale fishers to have a voice in decisions affecting their lives, health, culture and livelihoods, and garner further support for small-scale fishers that act as environmental human rights defenders. We shared key research insights and supported small-scale fisheries representatives to speak directly about their human rights concerns in a high-level event at World Ocean Week (WOW) 2022, to the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment participated. In June 2022, the Hub was invited to join the panelists of the High-level Interactive Dialogue on Fisheries at the UN Ocean Conference, and shared on that occasion the key messages from the WOW event (see report summarising key messages shared during the event here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/). These were then published in late 2022 as the first joint policy brief between FAO and the UNOHCHR, together with the Hub: "Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals" (Available here: https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). This joint programme of work also furthered partnerships with various civil society organizations. WWF Accelerating Coastal Community Led Conservation Initiative for the Oceans Practice reached out to the Hub to join efforts for IYAFA, including joint events at the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 on the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. WWF further invited the One Ocean Hub to join: the Blue Food Alliance that aims to transform our food system to focus on health, justice, and environmental sustainability; and the SSF Network, which arose from the first SSF Summit in September 2022. In addition, Naturskyddsföreningen (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation), Blue Venture, the Too-Big-To-Ignore research programme, and the IUCN Specialist Group on People and the Ocean approached the Hub to contribute to the programme of work for IYAFA. All these civil society partners emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. For the official closing of IYAFA (March 2023), the FAO invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to speak at the high-level closing event and the Empatheatre team from South Africa to perform "Listen to the Sea" immediately afterwards. FAO and the Hub also co-organised a series of hybrid events prior to the closing event: a workshop on art-based approaches to the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa, to explore their replicability in UN and NGO projects (Wed 29th March); a hybrid training on human rights and fisheries with the UNOHCHR and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (29th March); and a hybrid roundtable on WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and small-scale fishers' human rights (31st March). As a result of these activities, the Hub's recommendations on integrating human rights in the agenda of the second SSF Summit (scheduled in July 2024; more information here: https://ssfhub.org/ssf-summit-2024) were included and the Hub was invited to become an official partner of the SSF Hub which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community, and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (November 2023). FAO invited Elisa Morgera to a workshop, 14-16 November 2023, (https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-workshop-towards-creating-an-enabling-environment-for-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries/), Rome that brought together regional and global partners, as well as from various countries, and small-scale fisheries organisations, for experience sharing and learning on the work conducted to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines worldwide, as well as exploring potential areas of future work and collaboration and further enhancing awareness and knowledge of the SSF Guidelines. https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ Finally, the Hub summarised key findings from all these activities in a written submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, who will devote his 2024 report to fisheries, with a focus on the SSF Guidelines. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy. • partner organisations based in the Global South: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; ICCA Consortium, Malaysia; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; Abalobi, South Africa; SmartFish AC, Mexico. • Research organization based in the Global North: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Switzerland; Blue Ventures, UK; Too Big To Ignore, Canada; The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty's Fisheries Working Group, Italy; Conservation International, US; Environmental Defense Fund, US; Fauna & Flora, UK; Blue Ventures, UK; Ocean Outcomes, US; Wildlife Conservation Society, US; Rare, US; WildAid, US; Future of Fish Seattle, US; International Institute for Environment and Development, UK; International Pole & Line Foundation, UK; Oceana, US.
Collaborator Contribution FAO supported the development of the Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) and had already run a pilot regional workshop on their implementation through legislation. FAO is a member of the Executive Team of the One Ocean Hub and based on the early findings from the Hub on the need to further clarify the human rights-based approach to fisheries (Morgera and Nakamura, 2021), FAO invited the Hub to co-develop a diagnostic tool, co-organize another regional workshop in Hub countries and develop further e-learning tools. FAO provided USD 37,450 of in-kind match funding from FAO consultants to support course development. To support the planning and the organisation of the joint programme for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries in 2022, the FAO and UNEP has also provided in-kind support, in the form of staff time. The expansion of the partnership to the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a first for the ocean community and has provided invaluable insights for the Hub researchers, and their UN and civil society partners on how to rely on the international human rights monitoring system to support small-scale fishers on the ground when governments are falling behind in implementing their international commitments. The partnership has brought together a new Hub's inter-disciplinary team that has connected research across disciplines and scales. University of Strathclyde, Law School, Nelson Mandela University, University of Cape Coast and University of Namibia provide legal expertise. Rhodes University, Cape Town University, University of Namibia and University of Cape Coast provide sociological research co-developed with small-scale fishing communities. As an inter-disciplinary and cross-scale group we made significant progress towards channeling available legal, technical and strategic international support towards ocean-dependent communities in focus countries, as well as upscaling relevant findings to benefit other ODA-recipient countries. We contributed to focusing international support on SSF according to their needs as co-identified with Hub researchers. Our cross-scale approach has also opened pathways for marshalling international support towards, indigenous peoples and coastal communities negatively affected by blue economy initiatives ("ocean defenders"), and women and children negatively affected by unsustainable uses of the ocean. Support at the international level lends cachet to local advocacy efforts and influences systemic change at the national level. We achieved this progress by developing work programmes with international partners that are active across scales (national, regional and international), forming a nested approach to pathways to the Hub's national and international impact, and by: • co-developing research from the outset with international partners; • systematically sharing early findings through partners' ongoing capacity-building activities or co-developing new capacity-building activities, to engage in direct dialogue with their beneficiary country representatives; • proactively sharing early findings that contribute to international partners' own planning and agenda-setting activities; and • strategically utilising the strength of Hub partnerships with international organisations to leverage further support towards Hub objectives from other international partners. In doing so, we have built the capacity of: • South African, Ghanaian and Namibian community representatives to engage directly in international debates, while addressing their practical constraints and other, more pressing demands on their time; • communities to participate in national policy-making processes; • researchers to engage directly with international partners, as an essential skillset for researchers who have not yet worked across scales, so they can develop meaningful cross-scale networks; and • international partners and processes to adapt their modalities to accommodate community representatives' needs. As part of the Hub's ongoing partnership with FAO, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa contributed to the development and launch of a new international database called SSF-LEX (https://ssflex.fao.org/) that serves to identify relevant national law and policy instruments for small-scale fisheries and to assess whether there is alignment with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. It provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The purpose of the database is to help identify good State practices and needs for improvements. Hub early-career researcher Julia Nakamura (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-led the team in FAO that developed SSF-LEX, while Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tapiwa Warikandwa (University of Namibia, Namibia) reviewed and contributed to the SSF-LEX's country profiles of Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa (More information on Hub's contributions to the SSF-LEX is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). Julia Nakamura co-organised the launch of 'SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database' at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress-Africa (Cape Town, South Africa, 21-23 November 2022) on 23 November 2022, with a view to addressing fisheries managers, legal practitioners, scientists, academics, governments representatives, non-governmental stakeholders, fishers, and fishing communities. Jackie Sunde was invited as a panelists, who reflected on the usefulness of SSF-LEX to fishers, academics and human rights lawyers, from the South African perspective (More information on the SSF-LEX launch event could be found here: https://www.fao.org/legal-services/news/news-detail/en/c/1624163/). In November 2023, the Hub became an official partner of the Small-Scale Fisheries Resource & Collaboration Hub ("SSF Hub"), which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The Hub has been participating in regular meetings with the SSF Hub partners, sharing research, approaches and resources to support the following vision: "Small-scale fisheries and communities that are resilient, thriving and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) (https://oneoceanhub.org/becoming-official-partners-of-the-ssf-hub/). In October 2023 the SSF Hub shared various resources in their online library/ resources database such as our video recordings of "Fostering Cooperation Among Relevant UN bodies to Advance Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights" organised for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 14 November 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fostering-cooperation-among-relevant-un-bodies-advance-small-scale-fishers-human-rights); "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities & Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" organized on 7 June 2023 for the UN World Oceans Day 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/exploring-challenges-opportunities-alliances-protection-small-scale-fishers-human-rights) and "A Fishing Heritage in Peril", Artwork from DEEP Fund Project 'Fishers Tales" (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fishing-heritage-peril-artwork-deep-fund-project-fishers-tales). A complete list of the One Ocean Hub resources that are available on the SSF Hub can be found here: https://ssfhub.org/contributing-organization/one-ocean-hub. The Hub contributed to three submissions to the call by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to give inputs on his upcoming report on fisheries: • The KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum provided evidence on limitations in public participation in decision-making in South Africa, including on oil and gas development, as well as ocean master plan and marine protected areas. In addition, the evidence called attention to the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' tenure. • Jackie Sunde, University of Cape Town, also provided evidence on the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa in the context of the expansion of marine transport, ports and energy infrastructure. The submission also noted the need to recognize women's contributions to the value chain in the traditional line fish sector, as it provides multiple sources of food to different groups in a community but is not factored into fisheries policy making and rights allocation. More information here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/e19cnpbel7h4a7lap7ked6fdch. • A submission by Elisa Morgera shared comparative insights from research in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia and in the Caribbean, about the misrecognition and disrespect of the cultural rights of small-scale fishers (their spiritual and cultural connections to marine spaces, their distinctive knowledge systems, and their customary laws) - within and outside the fisheries sector - as one of the root causes of the violations of their right to food, as well as their participation in relevant policy processes. This submission also pointed to: lack of strategic environmental assessments for various policy areas that negatively affect fisheries and marine biodiversity (such as mining, infrastructure development, tourism), as well as the lack of national legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for large-scale fisheries (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12462); the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; and good practices that have strengthened the recognition, protection and remedies for small-scale fishers (Empatheatre in South Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf; documentary on fishers' songs in Ghana, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf; documentary with displaced Indigenous peoples in Namibia, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; Coastal Justice Network in South Africa, https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/; and pop-up clinics to provide women in small-scale fishing communities legal advice, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf: and direct academic research and action towards their legal needs. Read the written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/m1aqqg2i11g7dmfa1ddsvqpvag. This collaboration has brought notable policy impacts. As explained above, Hub's research, experience, and practices have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. The Tool aims to support the identification of barriers and opportunities to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) in the Context of Food in national laws and policies. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022). This five-lesson course provides guidance on how to assess existing legal and policy frameworks for fisheries in a specific country, explains how to legislate for small-scale fisheries, and outlines the main components of small-scale fisheries-specific legislation. It aims at helping professionals engaged in dialogue on policy and legislation processes and actions at all levels relating to small-scale fisheries, as well as at academic institutions and members of the general public interested in the subject (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. In the context of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the collaborative research initiative One Ocean Hub have been collaborating to raise awareness of the full scope of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. This policy brief aims to clarify the scope of the international human rights-based approach, including the corresponding State obligations, and to highlight how the coherent protection of these rights supports the realization of multiple Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements (https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). • Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA (e.g. WWF, Blue Ventures. Significance of Hub's contributions was evident from invitation to Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, to present Hub's research findings at the official high-level closing ceremony of IYAFA at the FAO headquarters in Rome (see outcomes section of this entry). In 2024, the Hub is working with FAO, SSF Hub, and supporters of IYAFA to strategise and plan for the upcoming SSF Summit that will take place in July 2024. This collaboration has achieved societal impacts by (1) raising awareness on the needs, interests, and human rights of small-scale fishers among national and international stakeholders and (2) strengthening the capacity of a total of 1,466 stakeholders from diverse professional categories including small-scale fisher, researcher, public sector, NGO, and international organization from Africa, South Pacific, the Caribbean, Asia Europe and North America. Events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration have also strengthened gender equality because they speak to predominantly women audience. On average 56% of attendees were women. This is interesting because despite marine sector is a male dominated sector, all our events spoke to a predominately female audience, which also showed the interests and needs for capacity building for women in this field.
Impact Resultant Outcomes • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022, co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. Available from here https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries" published in October 2022, available from here: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881). • A joint policy brief by FAO, One Ocean Hub, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. Available from here: https://ssflex.fao.org/). • One Ocean Hub's small-scale fisheries focused webpage: https://oneoceanhub.org/iyafa/. Peer-reviewed journal articles • Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • Golo HK, Erinosho B. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • Ibrahim S and Golo HK. (2023). "Right to Culture in Marine Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Ghana: Reflections of FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Maritime Studies (under review, submitted September 2023). • Kulundu-Bolus I, McGarry D and Lotz-Sisitka R "Think Piece: Learning, Living and Leading into Transgression - A reflection on decolonial praxis in a neoliberal world." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 36, pp.111-130, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v36i1.14. • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Mbatha P (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Nakamura J, Weston JCL and Lennan M (2023). "International Legal Responses for Protecting Fishers' Fundamental Rights Impacted by a Changing Ocean." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38 (2023, pp. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10141. • Pereira T and Erwin K (2023). "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice, Ecosystems and People, 19:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Rudolph TB, Ruckelshaus M, Swilling M, Allison EH, Österblom H, Gelcich S & Mbatha P. (2020). "A transition to sustainable ocean governance." Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2 • Sowman M et al (2021). "Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Sowman M and Sunde J (2021). "A Just transition? Navigating the process of policy implementation in small-scale fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104683 • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. • Morgera E and Nakamura J, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2 Book chapters: • Ansah JW, Oduro GY, and Wilson D. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Christoffels-du Plessis A., Erinosha, B., Major L., Morgera E., Sunde J. and Vermeylen S. Navigating a sea of laws: Small-scale Fishing Communities and Customary Rights in Ghana and South Africa. In Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (Eds) The Palgrave Book of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan. Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Christoffels-Du Plessis, A., and Sunde, J. 2020. Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for small-scale fisheries in South Africa. In Kerezi, V., Nakamura, J., El Halimi, M., and Chuenpagdee, R. (Eds.) Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries: Global Illustrations. TBTI Global Publication Series, St. John's, NL, Canada, http://toobigtoignore.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/South-Africa_01.pdf • Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. • Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Kanyimba AT & Jonas MN (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15 • Warikandwa TV, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f • Warikandwa TW, Shakalela E, Libebe EL (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14. • Warikandwa TW (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • B Erinosho, L Major, E Morgera, J Sunde and S Vermeylen. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • JW Ansah, GY Oduro, and D Wilson. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Book chapter: E Morgera and J Nakamura, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • HK Golo, S Ibrahim, B Erinosho. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Blogposts and other publications summarising the events and engagements. • Erinosho B, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/. • Febrica S. "Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks," 29 November 2020, https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fisheries-and-blue-justice/. • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised a workshop on sustainable small-scale fisheries law," 28 April 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/1939-2/ • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised webinar on Namibia's small-scale fisheries," 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-food-and-agriculture-organization-and-the-one-ocean-hub-co-organised-webinar-on-namibias-small-scale-fisheries/. • Febrica S, Nakamura J, Sunde J & Warikandwa T, "Strengthening knowledge on national policy and law and their alignment with the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines," 31 January 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/. • Khan U, "Exploring the blue carbon potential in Namibia," 3 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-blue-carbon-potential-in-namibia/. • Morgera E, "Key messages: high level event on small-scale fishers' rights," June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/ • Mthombeni M, "I took my ancestors to the United Nations, and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs," 10 July 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Empatheatre - Changing Understandings and Engagements with ocean dependent communities: Lalela uLwandle," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives Through Documentary Filmmaking," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana -Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-Scale Fisheries," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-scale Fisheries," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact story: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives through Documentary Filmmaking," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Fishers' songs from Ghana to Glasgow - A documentary film 'Cocooned in harmony' screens at the Centre for contemporary arts, "6 April 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-songs-from-ghana-to-glasgow-a-documentary-film-cocooned-in-harmony-screens-at-the-centre-of-contemporary-arts/ • One Ocean Hub, "Partnering with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries," 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-for-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries/. • One Ocean Hub, "Opening a platform for women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana," 29 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ • One Ocean Hub, "Welcoming local NGOs as Hub partners in Ghana, Namibia and South Africa: from seaweed education to human rights legal support," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/welcoming-local-ngos-as-hub-partners-in-ghana-namibia-and-south-africa-from-seaweed-education-to-human-rights-legal-support/ • One Ocean Hub, "Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ • One Ocean Hub, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Pereira T, Francis B and McGarry D, "The unexpected impact of a letter to the minister from One Ocean Hub researchers resulting in an opportunity to facilitate counter hegemonic mapping into transgressive ocean decision making for Amathole Marine Protected Area, South Africa, 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researchers-resulting-in-an-opportunity-to-facilitate-counter-hegemonic-mapping-into-transgressive-ocean-decision-making-for-amath/ • Pereira Kaplan T , "The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment" judge rules in the Shell seismic survey case, 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ • Pereira Kaplan T, "Deepening partnerships with small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/. • Sowman M, Sunde J and Lambrecht M, "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the west coast of South Africa," 7 September 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ • Sunde J. (2022). "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121 https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ • Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. • Samuel MM, Tshiningayamwe S, Jonas M and Kanyimba A. "Exploring ocean benefits, challenges, and prospects with Namibian coastal communities," 4 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-ocean-benefits-challenges-and-prospects-with-namibian-coastal-communities/ • Sunde J, "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Tshiningayamwe S, "Working with marginalised communities for more equitable ocean decision-making and other news from Namibia," 27 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-marginalised-communities-for-more-equitable-ocean-decision-making-and-other-news-from-namibia/. • Veii A and Nghipangelwa S, "Working in a transdisciplinary team to understand climate vulnerability on recreational fishing in Namibia," 26 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part One)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part Two)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/ • Wilson D, "Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa," 1 March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ • Wilson D, "Customary law, tangible and intangible heritage, and ocean governance workshops," 27 June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/ Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • UN Ocean Conference side-event titled "Small in scale, big in value: Stocktaking, partnerships and solutions in support of small-scale fisheries" (led by FAO), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). For more information see here: https://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1529971/. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was invited to: Act as lead discussant at the Interactive dialogue 4 "Making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets," 29 June 2024, in the Tejo Hall of the Conference venue. The event was attended by 50 attendees. For further information, see here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/making-fisheries-sustainable-and-providing-access-small-scale-artisanal-fishers-marine; watch the recording here: https://media.un.org/en/asset/k18/k185g5nkrg Capacity Building Session for UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni in 2020 • Covid-19 Impacts on the South African Small Scale Fisheries Sector: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDeJJG3qt0E. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdbVNhHf6Q. This event was attended by 62 attendees. Workshops co-organised with FAO • Regional Training Workshop on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries, 12-15 April 2021 in South Africa, Namibia and Ghana (April 2021). A total of 177 attendees (57 attendees on Day 1; 47 attendees on Day 2; 43 attendees on Day 3 and 30 attendees on Day 4). • The FAO led Parallel session #4.1 - "SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database" at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress Africa, 21 November 2022. This event was attended by 100 attendees. • A series of two days events titled "Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries: Towards a National Plan of Action for Small Scale Fisheries in Namibia" on 10th-11th June 2021. These series were attended by 70 attendees. UN World Oceans Day Events • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording is available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU. This event was attended by 54 attendees. • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants. GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School • Professor Elisa Morgera and Dr Dylan McGarry presentations in for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: - Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • One Ocean Hub's three led panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022: - The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small scale fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Video, film outputs • Photo-story: Small-scale fishers and human rights, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhqzgSCjfug. • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • Defenders of the Ocean, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'COP27 Children and Youth Pavilion speaker: Camila Awo Dzidzor One Ocean Hub', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A
Start Year 2021
 
Description BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES 
Organisation Nelson Mandela University
Country South Africa 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution This partnership began in 2021 through the FAO's existing programme to support national implementation of the FAO Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) through national legislation. To support this, One Ocean Hub co-hosted with FAO regional workshops with government, community, research, and NGO representation from Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, to identify legislative barriers to the implementation of the FAO voluntary SSF guidelines in each country, thereby contributing to national research, while co-developing a global instrument, the FAO SSF Policy and Legal diagnostic tool in April 2021. Co-design of the regional workshop with South African researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network allowed FAO to shift from a top-down approach that focused on discussing what international law requires from governments to an approach informed by local context, and responds to specific needs of SSF, through international law when national law falls short. Hub researchers facilitated SSF representatives' direct participation in the workshop in varied ways, including voice or video messages that communicated their priorities. SSF and government representatives, as well as non-legal researchers were made aware of how international law is (or is not) applied in the context of South Africa, Ghana and Namibia. This is now informing planning of further inter-disciplinary research that will guide strategies on partnerships with governments and SSF in Ghana. In addition, this regional event led to a follow-up event specifically for Namibia, in collaboration with the FAO, the Hub and the Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Namibia. The webinar series organised on 10-11 June 2021 was titled 'Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries.' It was aimed at providing the evidence required to support the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, which the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which was published in 2022 as part of its commitment to implement the FAO SSF Guidelines. The workshop provided an opportunity to integrate the early research findings from the One Ocean Hub into the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, notably with regard to the inclusion of the views of indigenous communities that have been displaced from the coast (Topnaar). This event led to an invitation for nominations for two experts to sit on Namibia's national task force on SSF (upon acceptance by the Ministry of Fisheries). The key research findings that were shared with FAO focused on the approaches to: • redress marginalisation of previously disadvantaged communities including those that have been historically removed from the coast e.g. the Topnaar community), and • address the diverse capacity-building needs of different stakeholder groups that are expected to benefit from or contribute to implementation (SSF associations, SSF women and youth, town councils, NGOs, and primary schools). In addition, FAO invited the Hub to co-develop two e-learning courses on implementation of the FAO Guidelines on SSF to be housed on the FAO E-learning Academy website (https://elearning.fao.org/). The courses are meant to respond to government officers' and fishers' needs respectively, to implement the FAO Guidelines. The latter will allow SSF to obtain an international certification on the FAO E-learning Academy that contributes to their professional development and recognition of SSF. Two papers by Hub colleagues in Ghana and South Africa were integrated as case studies in the first FAO e-learning course on SSF law and policy (in additions to insights arising from the joint Hub-FAO workshops). A new e-learning course will be co-developed in 2023 with a view to directly addressing the question and challenges of small-scale fishers in invoking international law and human rights in their daily interactions with authorities and other stakeholders, based on Hub partnerships with small-scale fishing organizations in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. In addition, this allowed the Hub to bring together FAO and UNEP into a joint event during World Oceans Week 2021 to discuss directly with SSF representatives from South Africa key challenges. Towards the end of 2021, the collaboration with FAO led to an ambitious joint programme of work to advance the human rights-based approach to small scale fisheries as part of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The joint programme of work advanced understanding of the multiple threats to the rights of small-scale fishers to have a voice in decisions affecting their lives, health, culture and livelihoods, and garner further support for small-scale fishers that act as environmental human rights defenders. We shared key research insights and supported small-scale fisheries representatives to speak directly about their human rights concerns in a high-level event at World Ocean Week (WOW) 2022, to the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment participated. In June 2022, the Hub was invited to join the panelists of the High-level Interactive Dialogue on Fisheries at the UN Ocean Conference, and shared on that occasion the key messages from the WOW event (see report summarising key messages shared during the event here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/). These were then published in late 2022 as the first joint policy brief between FAO and the UNOHCHR, together with the Hub: "Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals" (Available here: https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). This joint programme of work also furthered partnerships with various civil society organizations. WWF Accelerating Coastal Community Led Conservation Initiative for the Oceans Practice reached out to the Hub to join efforts for IYAFA, including joint events at the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 on the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. WWF further invited the One Ocean Hub to join: the Blue Food Alliance that aims to transform our food system to focus on health, justice, and environmental sustainability; and the SSF Network, which arose from the first SSF Summit in September 2022. In addition, Naturskyddsföreningen (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation), Blue Venture, the Too-Big-To-Ignore research programme, and the IUCN Specialist Group on People and the Ocean approached the Hub to contribute to the programme of work for IYAFA. All these civil society partners emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. For the official closing of IYAFA (March 2023), the FAO invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to speak at the high-level closing event and the Empatheatre team from South Africa to perform "Listen to the Sea" immediately afterwards. FAO and the Hub also co-organised a series of hybrid events prior to the closing event: a workshop on art-based approaches to the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa, to explore their replicability in UN and NGO projects (Wed 29th March); a hybrid training on human rights and fisheries with the UNOHCHR and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (29th March); and a hybrid roundtable on WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and small-scale fishers' human rights (31st March). As a result of these activities, the Hub's recommendations on integrating human rights in the agenda of the second SSF Summit (scheduled in July 2024; more information here: https://ssfhub.org/ssf-summit-2024) were included and the Hub was invited to become an official partner of the SSF Hub which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community, and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (November 2023). FAO invited Elisa Morgera to a workshop, 14-16 November 2023, (https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-workshop-towards-creating-an-enabling-environment-for-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries/), Rome that brought together regional and global partners, as well as from various countries, and small-scale fisheries organisations, for experience sharing and learning on the work conducted to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines worldwide, as well as exploring potential areas of future work and collaboration and further enhancing awareness and knowledge of the SSF Guidelines. https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ Finally, the Hub summarised key findings from all these activities in a written submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, who will devote his 2024 report to fisheries, with a focus on the SSF Guidelines. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy. • partner organisations based in the Global South: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; ICCA Consortium, Malaysia; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; Abalobi, South Africa; SmartFish AC, Mexico. • Research organization based in the Global North: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Switzerland; Blue Ventures, UK; Too Big To Ignore, Canada; The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty's Fisheries Working Group, Italy; Conservation International, US; Environmental Defense Fund, US; Fauna & Flora, UK; Blue Ventures, UK; Ocean Outcomes, US; Wildlife Conservation Society, US; Rare, US; WildAid, US; Future of Fish Seattle, US; International Institute for Environment and Development, UK; International Pole & Line Foundation, UK; Oceana, US.
Collaborator Contribution FAO supported the development of the Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) and had already run a pilot regional workshop on their implementation through legislation. FAO is a member of the Executive Team of the One Ocean Hub and based on the early findings from the Hub on the need to further clarify the human rights-based approach to fisheries (Morgera and Nakamura, 2021), FAO invited the Hub to co-develop a diagnostic tool, co-organize another regional workshop in Hub countries and develop further e-learning tools. FAO provided USD 37,450 of in-kind match funding from FAO consultants to support course development. To support the planning and the organisation of the joint programme for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries in 2022, the FAO and UNEP has also provided in-kind support, in the form of staff time. The expansion of the partnership to the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a first for the ocean community and has provided invaluable insights for the Hub researchers, and their UN and civil society partners on how to rely on the international human rights monitoring system to support small-scale fishers on the ground when governments are falling behind in implementing their international commitments. The partnership has brought together a new Hub's inter-disciplinary team that has connected research across disciplines and scales. University of Strathclyde, Law School, Nelson Mandela University, University of Cape Coast and University of Namibia provide legal expertise. Rhodes University, Cape Town University, University of Namibia and University of Cape Coast provide sociological research co-developed with small-scale fishing communities. As an inter-disciplinary and cross-scale group we made significant progress towards channeling available legal, technical and strategic international support towards ocean-dependent communities in focus countries, as well as upscaling relevant findings to benefit other ODA-recipient countries. We contributed to focusing international support on SSF according to their needs as co-identified with Hub researchers. Our cross-scale approach has also opened pathways for marshalling international support towards, indigenous peoples and coastal communities negatively affected by blue economy initiatives ("ocean defenders"), and women and children negatively affected by unsustainable uses of the ocean. Support at the international level lends cachet to local advocacy efforts and influences systemic change at the national level. We achieved this progress by developing work programmes with international partners that are active across scales (national, regional and international), forming a nested approach to pathways to the Hub's national and international impact, and by: • co-developing research from the outset with international partners; • systematically sharing early findings through partners' ongoing capacity-building activities or co-developing new capacity-building activities, to engage in direct dialogue with their beneficiary country representatives; • proactively sharing early findings that contribute to international partners' own planning and agenda-setting activities; and • strategically utilising the strength of Hub partnerships with international organisations to leverage further support towards Hub objectives from other international partners. In doing so, we have built the capacity of: • South African, Ghanaian and Namibian community representatives to engage directly in international debates, while addressing their practical constraints and other, more pressing demands on their time; • communities to participate in national policy-making processes; • researchers to engage directly with international partners, as an essential skillset for researchers who have not yet worked across scales, so they can develop meaningful cross-scale networks; and • international partners and processes to adapt their modalities to accommodate community representatives' needs. As part of the Hub's ongoing partnership with FAO, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa contributed to the development and launch of a new international database called SSF-LEX (https://ssflex.fao.org/) that serves to identify relevant national law and policy instruments for small-scale fisheries and to assess whether there is alignment with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. It provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The purpose of the database is to help identify good State practices and needs for improvements. Hub early-career researcher Julia Nakamura (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-led the team in FAO that developed SSF-LEX, while Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tapiwa Warikandwa (University of Namibia, Namibia) reviewed and contributed to the SSF-LEX's country profiles of Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa (More information on Hub's contributions to the SSF-LEX is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). Julia Nakamura co-organised the launch of 'SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database' at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress-Africa (Cape Town, South Africa, 21-23 November 2022) on 23 November 2022, with a view to addressing fisheries managers, legal practitioners, scientists, academics, governments representatives, non-governmental stakeholders, fishers, and fishing communities. Jackie Sunde was invited as a panelists, who reflected on the usefulness of SSF-LEX to fishers, academics and human rights lawyers, from the South African perspective (More information on the SSF-LEX launch event could be found here: https://www.fao.org/legal-services/news/news-detail/en/c/1624163/). In November 2023, the Hub became an official partner of the Small-Scale Fisheries Resource & Collaboration Hub ("SSF Hub"), which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The Hub has been participating in regular meetings with the SSF Hub partners, sharing research, approaches and resources to support the following vision: "Small-scale fisheries and communities that are resilient, thriving and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) (https://oneoceanhub.org/becoming-official-partners-of-the-ssf-hub/). In October 2023 the SSF Hub shared various resources in their online library/ resources database such as our video recordings of "Fostering Cooperation Among Relevant UN bodies to Advance Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights" organised for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 14 November 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fostering-cooperation-among-relevant-un-bodies-advance-small-scale-fishers-human-rights); "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities & Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" organized on 7 June 2023 for the UN World Oceans Day 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/exploring-challenges-opportunities-alliances-protection-small-scale-fishers-human-rights) and "A Fishing Heritage in Peril", Artwork from DEEP Fund Project 'Fishers Tales" (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fishing-heritage-peril-artwork-deep-fund-project-fishers-tales). A complete list of the One Ocean Hub resources that are available on the SSF Hub can be found here: https://ssfhub.org/contributing-organization/one-ocean-hub. The Hub contributed to three submissions to the call by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to give inputs on his upcoming report on fisheries: • The KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum provided evidence on limitations in public participation in decision-making in South Africa, including on oil and gas development, as well as ocean master plan and marine protected areas. In addition, the evidence called attention to the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' tenure. • Jackie Sunde, University of Cape Town, also provided evidence on the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa in the context of the expansion of marine transport, ports and energy infrastructure. The submission also noted the need to recognize women's contributions to the value chain in the traditional line fish sector, as it provides multiple sources of food to different groups in a community but is not factored into fisheries policy making and rights allocation. More information here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/e19cnpbel7h4a7lap7ked6fdch. • A submission by Elisa Morgera shared comparative insights from research in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia and in the Caribbean, about the misrecognition and disrespect of the cultural rights of small-scale fishers (their spiritual and cultural connections to marine spaces, their distinctive knowledge systems, and their customary laws) - within and outside the fisheries sector - as one of the root causes of the violations of their right to food, as well as their participation in relevant policy processes. This submission also pointed to: lack of strategic environmental assessments for various policy areas that negatively affect fisheries and marine biodiversity (such as mining, infrastructure development, tourism), as well as the lack of national legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for large-scale fisheries (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12462); the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; and good practices that have strengthened the recognition, protection and remedies for small-scale fishers (Empatheatre in South Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf; documentary on fishers' songs in Ghana, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf; documentary with displaced Indigenous peoples in Namibia, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; Coastal Justice Network in South Africa, https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/; and pop-up clinics to provide women in small-scale fishing communities legal advice, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf: and direct academic research and action towards their legal needs. Read the written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/m1aqqg2i11g7dmfa1ddsvqpvag. This collaboration has brought notable policy impacts. As explained above, Hub's research, experience, and practices have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. The Tool aims to support the identification of barriers and opportunities to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) in the Context of Food in national laws and policies. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022). This five-lesson course provides guidance on how to assess existing legal and policy frameworks for fisheries in a specific country, explains how to legislate for small-scale fisheries, and outlines the main components of small-scale fisheries-specific legislation. It aims at helping professionals engaged in dialogue on policy and legislation processes and actions at all levels relating to small-scale fisheries, as well as at academic institutions and members of the general public interested in the subject (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. In the context of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the collaborative research initiative One Ocean Hub have been collaborating to raise awareness of the full scope of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. This policy brief aims to clarify the scope of the international human rights-based approach, including the corresponding State obligations, and to highlight how the coherent protection of these rights supports the realization of multiple Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements (https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). • Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA (e.g. WWF, Blue Ventures. Significance of Hub's contributions was evident from invitation to Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, to present Hub's research findings at the official high-level closing ceremony of IYAFA at the FAO headquarters in Rome (see outcomes section of this entry). In 2024, the Hub is working with FAO, SSF Hub, and supporters of IYAFA to strategise and plan for the upcoming SSF Summit that will take place in July 2024. This collaboration has achieved societal impacts by (1) raising awareness on the needs, interests, and human rights of small-scale fishers among national and international stakeholders and (2) strengthening the capacity of a total of 1,466 stakeholders from diverse professional categories including small-scale fisher, researcher, public sector, NGO, and international organization from Africa, South Pacific, the Caribbean, Asia Europe and North America. Events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration have also strengthened gender equality because they speak to predominantly women audience. On average 56% of attendees were women. This is interesting because despite marine sector is a male dominated sector, all our events spoke to a predominately female audience, which also showed the interests and needs for capacity building for women in this field.
Impact Resultant Outcomes • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022, co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. Available from here https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries" published in October 2022, available from here: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881). • A joint policy brief by FAO, One Ocean Hub, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. Available from here: https://ssflex.fao.org/). • One Ocean Hub's small-scale fisheries focused webpage: https://oneoceanhub.org/iyafa/. Peer-reviewed journal articles • Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • Golo HK, Erinosho B. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • Ibrahim S and Golo HK. (2023). "Right to Culture in Marine Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Ghana: Reflections of FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Maritime Studies (under review, submitted September 2023). • Kulundu-Bolus I, McGarry D and Lotz-Sisitka R "Think Piece: Learning, Living and Leading into Transgression - A reflection on decolonial praxis in a neoliberal world." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 36, pp.111-130, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v36i1.14. • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Mbatha P (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Nakamura J, Weston JCL and Lennan M (2023). "International Legal Responses for Protecting Fishers' Fundamental Rights Impacted by a Changing Ocean." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38 (2023, pp. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10141. • Pereira T and Erwin K (2023). "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice, Ecosystems and People, 19:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Rudolph TB, Ruckelshaus M, Swilling M, Allison EH, Österblom H, Gelcich S & Mbatha P. (2020). "A transition to sustainable ocean governance." Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2 • Sowman M et al (2021). "Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Sowman M and Sunde J (2021). "A Just transition? Navigating the process of policy implementation in small-scale fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104683 • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. • Morgera E and Nakamura J, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2 Book chapters: • Ansah JW, Oduro GY, and Wilson D. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Christoffels-du Plessis A., Erinosha, B., Major L., Morgera E., Sunde J. and Vermeylen S. Navigating a sea of laws: Small-scale Fishing Communities and Customary Rights in Ghana and South Africa. In Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (Eds) The Palgrave Book of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan. Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Christoffels-Du Plessis, A., and Sunde, J. 2020. Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for small-scale fisheries in South Africa. In Kerezi, V., Nakamura, J., El Halimi, M., and Chuenpagdee, R. (Eds.) Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries: Global Illustrations. TBTI Global Publication Series, St. John's, NL, Canada, http://toobigtoignore.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/South-Africa_01.pdf • Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. • Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Kanyimba AT & Jonas MN (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15 • Warikandwa TV, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f • Warikandwa TW, Shakalela E, Libebe EL (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14. • Warikandwa TW (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • B Erinosho, L Major, E Morgera, J Sunde and S Vermeylen. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • JW Ansah, GY Oduro, and D Wilson. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Book chapter: E Morgera and J Nakamura, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • HK Golo, S Ibrahim, B Erinosho. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Blogposts and other publications summarising the events and engagements. • Erinosho B, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/. • Febrica S. "Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks," 29 November 2020, https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fisheries-and-blue-justice/. • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised a workshop on sustainable small-scale fisheries law," 28 April 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/1939-2/ • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised webinar on Namibia's small-scale fisheries," 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-food-and-agriculture-organization-and-the-one-ocean-hub-co-organised-webinar-on-namibias-small-scale-fisheries/. • Febrica S, Nakamura J, Sunde J & Warikandwa T, "Strengthening knowledge on national policy and law and their alignment with the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines," 31 January 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/. • Khan U, "Exploring the blue carbon potential in Namibia," 3 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-blue-carbon-potential-in-namibia/. • Morgera E, "Key messages: high level event on small-scale fishers' rights," June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/ • Mthombeni M, "I took my ancestors to the United Nations, and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs," 10 July 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Empatheatre - Changing Understandings and Engagements with ocean dependent communities: Lalela uLwandle," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives Through Documentary Filmmaking," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana -Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-Scale Fisheries," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-scale Fisheries," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact story: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives through Documentary Filmmaking," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Fishers' songs from Ghana to Glasgow - A documentary film 'Cocooned in harmony' screens at the Centre for contemporary arts, "6 April 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-songs-from-ghana-to-glasgow-a-documentary-film-cocooned-in-harmony-screens-at-the-centre-of-contemporary-arts/ • One Ocean Hub, "Partnering with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries," 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-for-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries/. • One Ocean Hub, "Opening a platform for women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana," 29 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ • One Ocean Hub, "Welcoming local NGOs as Hub partners in Ghana, Namibia and South Africa: from seaweed education to human rights legal support," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/welcoming-local-ngos-as-hub-partners-in-ghana-namibia-and-south-africa-from-seaweed-education-to-human-rights-legal-support/ • One Ocean Hub, "Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ • One Ocean Hub, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Pereira T, Francis B and McGarry D, "The unexpected impact of a letter to the minister from One Ocean Hub researchers resulting in an opportunity to facilitate counter hegemonic mapping into transgressive ocean decision making for Amathole Marine Protected Area, South Africa, 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researchers-resulting-in-an-opportunity-to-facilitate-counter-hegemonic-mapping-into-transgressive-ocean-decision-making-for-amath/ • Pereira Kaplan T , "The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment" judge rules in the Shell seismic survey case, 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ • Pereira Kaplan T, "Deepening partnerships with small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/. • Sowman M, Sunde J and Lambrecht M, "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the west coast of South Africa," 7 September 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ • Sunde J. (2022). "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121 https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ • Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. • Samuel MM, Tshiningayamwe S, Jonas M and Kanyimba A. "Exploring ocean benefits, challenges, and prospects with Namibian coastal communities," 4 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-ocean-benefits-challenges-and-prospects-with-namibian-coastal-communities/ • Sunde J, "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Tshiningayamwe S, "Working with marginalised communities for more equitable ocean decision-making and other news from Namibia," 27 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-marginalised-communities-for-more-equitable-ocean-decision-making-and-other-news-from-namibia/. • Veii A and Nghipangelwa S, "Working in a transdisciplinary team to understand climate vulnerability on recreational fishing in Namibia," 26 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part One)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part Two)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/ • Wilson D, "Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa," 1 March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ • Wilson D, "Customary law, tangible and intangible heritage, and ocean governance workshops," 27 June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/ Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • UN Ocean Conference side-event titled "Small in scale, big in value: Stocktaking, partnerships and solutions in support of small-scale fisheries" (led by FAO), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). For more information see here: https://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1529971/. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was invited to: Act as lead discussant at the Interactive dialogue 4 "Making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets," 29 June 2024, in the Tejo Hall of the Conference venue. The event was attended by 50 attendees. For further information, see here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/making-fisheries-sustainable-and-providing-access-small-scale-artisanal-fishers-marine; watch the recording here: https://media.un.org/en/asset/k18/k185g5nkrg Capacity Building Session for UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni in 2020 • Covid-19 Impacts on the South African Small Scale Fisheries Sector: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDeJJG3qt0E. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdbVNhHf6Q. This event was attended by 62 attendees. Workshops co-organised with FAO • Regional Training Workshop on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries, 12-15 April 2021 in South Africa, Namibia and Ghana (April 2021). A total of 177 attendees (57 attendees on Day 1; 47 attendees on Day 2; 43 attendees on Day 3 and 30 attendees on Day 4). • The FAO led Parallel session #4.1 - "SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database" at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress Africa, 21 November 2022. This event was attended by 100 attendees. • A series of two days events titled "Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries: Towards a National Plan of Action for Small Scale Fisheries in Namibia" on 10th-11th June 2021. These series were attended by 70 attendees. UN World Oceans Day Events • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording is available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU. This event was attended by 54 attendees. • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants. GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School • Professor Elisa Morgera and Dr Dylan McGarry presentations in for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: - Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • One Ocean Hub's three led panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022: - The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small scale fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Video, film outputs • Photo-story: Small-scale fishers and human rights, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhqzgSCjfug. • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • Defenders of the Ocean, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'COP27 Children and Youth Pavilion speaker: Camila Awo Dzidzor One Ocean Hub', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A
Start Year 2021
 
Description BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES 
Organisation Rare
Country United States 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution This partnership began in 2021 through the FAO's existing programme to support national implementation of the FAO Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) through national legislation. To support this, One Ocean Hub co-hosted with FAO regional workshops with government, community, research, and NGO representation from Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, to identify legislative barriers to the implementation of the FAO voluntary SSF guidelines in each country, thereby contributing to national research, while co-developing a global instrument, the FAO SSF Policy and Legal diagnostic tool in April 2021. Co-design of the regional workshop with South African researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network allowed FAO to shift from a top-down approach that focused on discussing what international law requires from governments to an approach informed by local context, and responds to specific needs of SSF, through international law when national law falls short. Hub researchers facilitated SSF representatives' direct participation in the workshop in varied ways, including voice or video messages that communicated their priorities. SSF and government representatives, as well as non-legal researchers were made aware of how international law is (or is not) applied in the context of South Africa, Ghana and Namibia. This is now informing planning of further inter-disciplinary research that will guide strategies on partnerships with governments and SSF in Ghana. In addition, this regional event led to a follow-up event specifically for Namibia, in collaboration with the FAO, the Hub and the Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Namibia. The webinar series organised on 10-11 June 2021 was titled 'Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries.' It was aimed at providing the evidence required to support the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, which the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which was published in 2022 as part of its commitment to implement the FAO SSF Guidelines. The workshop provided an opportunity to integrate the early research findings from the One Ocean Hub into the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, notably with regard to the inclusion of the views of indigenous communities that have been displaced from the coast (Topnaar). This event led to an invitation for nominations for two experts to sit on Namibia's national task force on SSF (upon acceptance by the Ministry of Fisheries). The key research findings that were shared with FAO focused on the approaches to: • redress marginalisation of previously disadvantaged communities including those that have been historically removed from the coast e.g. the Topnaar community), and • address the diverse capacity-building needs of different stakeholder groups that are expected to benefit from or contribute to implementation (SSF associations, SSF women and youth, town councils, NGOs, and primary schools). In addition, FAO invited the Hub to co-develop two e-learning courses on implementation of the FAO Guidelines on SSF to be housed on the FAO E-learning Academy website (https://elearning.fao.org/). The courses are meant to respond to government officers' and fishers' needs respectively, to implement the FAO Guidelines. The latter will allow SSF to obtain an international certification on the FAO E-learning Academy that contributes to their professional development and recognition of SSF. Two papers by Hub colleagues in Ghana and South Africa were integrated as case studies in the first FAO e-learning course on SSF law and policy (in additions to insights arising from the joint Hub-FAO workshops). A new e-learning course will be co-developed in 2023 with a view to directly addressing the question and challenges of small-scale fishers in invoking international law and human rights in their daily interactions with authorities and other stakeholders, based on Hub partnerships with small-scale fishing organizations in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. In addition, this allowed the Hub to bring together FAO and UNEP into a joint event during World Oceans Week 2021 to discuss directly with SSF representatives from South Africa key challenges. Towards the end of 2021, the collaboration with FAO led to an ambitious joint programme of work to advance the human rights-based approach to small scale fisheries as part of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The joint programme of work advanced understanding of the multiple threats to the rights of small-scale fishers to have a voice in decisions affecting their lives, health, culture and livelihoods, and garner further support for small-scale fishers that act as environmental human rights defenders. We shared key research insights and supported small-scale fisheries representatives to speak directly about their human rights concerns in a high-level event at World Ocean Week (WOW) 2022, to the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment participated. In June 2022, the Hub was invited to join the panelists of the High-level Interactive Dialogue on Fisheries at the UN Ocean Conference, and shared on that occasion the key messages from the WOW event (see report summarising key messages shared during the event here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/). These were then published in late 2022 as the first joint policy brief between FAO and the UNOHCHR, together with the Hub: "Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals" (Available here: https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). This joint programme of work also furthered partnerships with various civil society organizations. WWF Accelerating Coastal Community Led Conservation Initiative for the Oceans Practice reached out to the Hub to join efforts for IYAFA, including joint events at the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 on the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. WWF further invited the One Ocean Hub to join: the Blue Food Alliance that aims to transform our food system to focus on health, justice, and environmental sustainability; and the SSF Network, which arose from the first SSF Summit in September 2022. In addition, Naturskyddsföreningen (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation), Blue Venture, the Too-Big-To-Ignore research programme, and the IUCN Specialist Group on People and the Ocean approached the Hub to contribute to the programme of work for IYAFA. All these civil society partners emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. For the official closing of IYAFA (March 2023), the FAO invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to speak at the high-level closing event and the Empatheatre team from South Africa to perform "Listen to the Sea" immediately afterwards. FAO and the Hub also co-organised a series of hybrid events prior to the closing event: a workshop on art-based approaches to the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa, to explore their replicability in UN and NGO projects (Wed 29th March); a hybrid training on human rights and fisheries with the UNOHCHR and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (29th March); and a hybrid roundtable on WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and small-scale fishers' human rights (31st March). As a result of these activities, the Hub's recommendations on integrating human rights in the agenda of the second SSF Summit (scheduled in July 2024; more information here: https://ssfhub.org/ssf-summit-2024) were included and the Hub was invited to become an official partner of the SSF Hub which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community, and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (November 2023). FAO invited Elisa Morgera to a workshop, 14-16 November 2023, (https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-workshop-towards-creating-an-enabling-environment-for-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries/), Rome that brought together regional and global partners, as well as from various countries, and small-scale fisheries organisations, for experience sharing and learning on the work conducted to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines worldwide, as well as exploring potential areas of future work and collaboration and further enhancing awareness and knowledge of the SSF Guidelines. https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ Finally, the Hub summarised key findings from all these activities in a written submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, who will devote his 2024 report to fisheries, with a focus on the SSF Guidelines. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy. • partner organisations based in the Global South: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; ICCA Consortium, Malaysia; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; Abalobi, South Africa; SmartFish AC, Mexico. • Research organization based in the Global North: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Switzerland; Blue Ventures, UK; Too Big To Ignore, Canada; The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty's Fisheries Working Group, Italy; Conservation International, US; Environmental Defense Fund, US; Fauna & Flora, UK; Blue Ventures, UK; Ocean Outcomes, US; Wildlife Conservation Society, US; Rare, US; WildAid, US; Future of Fish Seattle, US; International Institute for Environment and Development, UK; International Pole & Line Foundation, UK; Oceana, US.
Collaborator Contribution FAO supported the development of the Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) and had already run a pilot regional workshop on their implementation through legislation. FAO is a member of the Executive Team of the One Ocean Hub and based on the early findings from the Hub on the need to further clarify the human rights-based approach to fisheries (Morgera and Nakamura, 2021), FAO invited the Hub to co-develop a diagnostic tool, co-organize another regional workshop in Hub countries and develop further e-learning tools. FAO provided USD 37,450 of in-kind match funding from FAO consultants to support course development. To support the planning and the organisation of the joint programme for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries in 2022, the FAO and UNEP has also provided in-kind support, in the form of staff time. The expansion of the partnership to the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a first for the ocean community and has provided invaluable insights for the Hub researchers, and their UN and civil society partners on how to rely on the international human rights monitoring system to support small-scale fishers on the ground when governments are falling behind in implementing their international commitments. The partnership has brought together a new Hub's inter-disciplinary team that has connected research across disciplines and scales. University of Strathclyde, Law School, Nelson Mandela University, University of Cape Coast and University of Namibia provide legal expertise. Rhodes University, Cape Town University, University of Namibia and University of Cape Coast provide sociological research co-developed with small-scale fishing communities. As an inter-disciplinary and cross-scale group we made significant progress towards channeling available legal, technical and strategic international support towards ocean-dependent communities in focus countries, as well as upscaling relevant findings to benefit other ODA-recipient countries. We contributed to focusing international support on SSF according to their needs as co-identified with Hub researchers. Our cross-scale approach has also opened pathways for marshalling international support towards, indigenous peoples and coastal communities negatively affected by blue economy initiatives ("ocean defenders"), and women and children negatively affected by unsustainable uses of the ocean. Support at the international level lends cachet to local advocacy efforts and influences systemic change at the national level. We achieved this progress by developing work programmes with international partners that are active across scales (national, regional and international), forming a nested approach to pathways to the Hub's national and international impact, and by: • co-developing research from the outset with international partners; • systematically sharing early findings through partners' ongoing capacity-building activities or co-developing new capacity-building activities, to engage in direct dialogue with their beneficiary country representatives; • proactively sharing early findings that contribute to international partners' own planning and agenda-setting activities; and • strategically utilising the strength of Hub partnerships with international organisations to leverage further support towards Hub objectives from other international partners. In doing so, we have built the capacity of: • South African, Ghanaian and Namibian community representatives to engage directly in international debates, while addressing their practical constraints and other, more pressing demands on their time; • communities to participate in national policy-making processes; • researchers to engage directly with international partners, as an essential skillset for researchers who have not yet worked across scales, so they can develop meaningful cross-scale networks; and • international partners and processes to adapt their modalities to accommodate community representatives' needs. As part of the Hub's ongoing partnership with FAO, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa contributed to the development and launch of a new international database called SSF-LEX (https://ssflex.fao.org/) that serves to identify relevant national law and policy instruments for small-scale fisheries and to assess whether there is alignment with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. It provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The purpose of the database is to help identify good State practices and needs for improvements. Hub early-career researcher Julia Nakamura (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-led the team in FAO that developed SSF-LEX, while Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tapiwa Warikandwa (University of Namibia, Namibia) reviewed and contributed to the SSF-LEX's country profiles of Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa (More information on Hub's contributions to the SSF-LEX is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). Julia Nakamura co-organised the launch of 'SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database' at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress-Africa (Cape Town, South Africa, 21-23 November 2022) on 23 November 2022, with a view to addressing fisheries managers, legal practitioners, scientists, academics, governments representatives, non-governmental stakeholders, fishers, and fishing communities. Jackie Sunde was invited as a panelists, who reflected on the usefulness of SSF-LEX to fishers, academics and human rights lawyers, from the South African perspective (More information on the SSF-LEX launch event could be found here: https://www.fao.org/legal-services/news/news-detail/en/c/1624163/). In November 2023, the Hub became an official partner of the Small-Scale Fisheries Resource & Collaboration Hub ("SSF Hub"), which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The Hub has been participating in regular meetings with the SSF Hub partners, sharing research, approaches and resources to support the following vision: "Small-scale fisheries and communities that are resilient, thriving and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) (https://oneoceanhub.org/becoming-official-partners-of-the-ssf-hub/). In October 2023 the SSF Hub shared various resources in their online library/ resources database such as our video recordings of "Fostering Cooperation Among Relevant UN bodies to Advance Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights" organised for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 14 November 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fostering-cooperation-among-relevant-un-bodies-advance-small-scale-fishers-human-rights); "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities & Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" organized on 7 June 2023 for the UN World Oceans Day 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/exploring-challenges-opportunities-alliances-protection-small-scale-fishers-human-rights) and "A Fishing Heritage in Peril", Artwork from DEEP Fund Project 'Fishers Tales" (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fishing-heritage-peril-artwork-deep-fund-project-fishers-tales). A complete list of the One Ocean Hub resources that are available on the SSF Hub can be found here: https://ssfhub.org/contributing-organization/one-ocean-hub. The Hub contributed to three submissions to the call by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to give inputs on his upcoming report on fisheries: • The KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum provided evidence on limitations in public participation in decision-making in South Africa, including on oil and gas development, as well as ocean master plan and marine protected areas. In addition, the evidence called attention to the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' tenure. • Jackie Sunde, University of Cape Town, also provided evidence on the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa in the context of the expansion of marine transport, ports and energy infrastructure. The submission also noted the need to recognize women's contributions to the value chain in the traditional line fish sector, as it provides multiple sources of food to different groups in a community but is not factored into fisheries policy making and rights allocation. More information here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/e19cnpbel7h4a7lap7ked6fdch. • A submission by Elisa Morgera shared comparative insights from research in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia and in the Caribbean, about the misrecognition and disrespect of the cultural rights of small-scale fishers (their spiritual and cultural connections to marine spaces, their distinctive knowledge systems, and their customary laws) - within and outside the fisheries sector - as one of the root causes of the violations of their right to food, as well as their participation in relevant policy processes. This submission also pointed to: lack of strategic environmental assessments for various policy areas that negatively affect fisheries and marine biodiversity (such as mining, infrastructure development, tourism), as well as the lack of national legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for large-scale fisheries (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12462); the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; and good practices that have strengthened the recognition, protection and remedies for small-scale fishers (Empatheatre in South Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf; documentary on fishers' songs in Ghana, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf; documentary with displaced Indigenous peoples in Namibia, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; Coastal Justice Network in South Africa, https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/; and pop-up clinics to provide women in small-scale fishing communities legal advice, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf: and direct academic research and action towards their legal needs. Read the written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/m1aqqg2i11g7dmfa1ddsvqpvag. This collaboration has brought notable policy impacts. As explained above, Hub's research, experience, and practices have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. The Tool aims to support the identification of barriers and opportunities to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) in the Context of Food in national laws and policies. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022). This five-lesson course provides guidance on how to assess existing legal and policy frameworks for fisheries in a specific country, explains how to legislate for small-scale fisheries, and outlines the main components of small-scale fisheries-specific legislation. It aims at helping professionals engaged in dialogue on policy and legislation processes and actions at all levels relating to small-scale fisheries, as well as at academic institutions and members of the general public interested in the subject (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. In the context of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the collaborative research initiative One Ocean Hub have been collaborating to raise awareness of the full scope of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. This policy brief aims to clarify the scope of the international human rights-based approach, including the corresponding State obligations, and to highlight how the coherent protection of these rights supports the realization of multiple Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements (https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). • Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA (e.g. WWF, Blue Ventures. Significance of Hub's contributions was evident from invitation to Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, to present Hub's research findings at the official high-level closing ceremony of IYAFA at the FAO headquarters in Rome (see outcomes section of this entry). In 2024, the Hub is working with FAO, SSF Hub, and supporters of IYAFA to strategise and plan for the upcoming SSF Summit that will take place in July 2024. This collaboration has achieved societal impacts by (1) raising awareness on the needs, interests, and human rights of small-scale fishers among national and international stakeholders and (2) strengthening the capacity of a total of 1,466 stakeholders from diverse professional categories including small-scale fisher, researcher, public sector, NGO, and international organization from Africa, South Pacific, the Caribbean, Asia Europe and North America. Events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration have also strengthened gender equality because they speak to predominantly women audience. On average 56% of attendees were women. This is interesting because despite marine sector is a male dominated sector, all our events spoke to a predominately female audience, which also showed the interests and needs for capacity building for women in this field.
Impact Resultant Outcomes • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022, co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. Available from here https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries" published in October 2022, available from here: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881). • A joint policy brief by FAO, One Ocean Hub, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. Available from here: https://ssflex.fao.org/). • One Ocean Hub's small-scale fisheries focused webpage: https://oneoceanhub.org/iyafa/. Peer-reviewed journal articles • Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • Golo HK, Erinosho B. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • Ibrahim S and Golo HK. (2023). "Right to Culture in Marine Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Ghana: Reflections of FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Maritime Studies (under review, submitted September 2023). • Kulundu-Bolus I, McGarry D and Lotz-Sisitka R "Think Piece: Learning, Living and Leading into Transgression - A reflection on decolonial praxis in a neoliberal world." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 36, pp.111-130, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v36i1.14. • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Mbatha P (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Nakamura J, Weston JCL and Lennan M (2023). "International Legal Responses for Protecting Fishers' Fundamental Rights Impacted by a Changing Ocean." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38 (2023, pp. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10141. • Pereira T and Erwin K (2023). "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice, Ecosystems and People, 19:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Rudolph TB, Ruckelshaus M, Swilling M, Allison EH, Österblom H, Gelcich S & Mbatha P. (2020). "A transition to sustainable ocean governance." Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2 • Sowman M et al (2021). "Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Sowman M and Sunde J (2021). "A Just transition? Navigating the process of policy implementation in small-scale fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104683 • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. • Morgera E and Nakamura J, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2 Book chapters: • Ansah JW, Oduro GY, and Wilson D. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Christoffels-du Plessis A., Erinosha, B., Major L., Morgera E., Sunde J. and Vermeylen S. Navigating a sea of laws: Small-scale Fishing Communities and Customary Rights in Ghana and South Africa. In Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (Eds) The Palgrave Book of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan. Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Christoffels-Du Plessis, A., and Sunde, J. 2020. Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for small-scale fisheries in South Africa. In Kerezi, V., Nakamura, J., El Halimi, M., and Chuenpagdee, R. (Eds.) Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries: Global Illustrations. TBTI Global Publication Series, St. John's, NL, Canada, http://toobigtoignore.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/South-Africa_01.pdf • Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. • Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Kanyimba AT & Jonas MN (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15 • Warikandwa TV, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f • Warikandwa TW, Shakalela E, Libebe EL (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14. • Warikandwa TW (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • B Erinosho, L Major, E Morgera, J Sunde and S Vermeylen. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • JW Ansah, GY Oduro, and D Wilson. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Book chapter: E Morgera and J Nakamura, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • HK Golo, S Ibrahim, B Erinosho. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Blogposts and other publications summarising the events and engagements. • Erinosho B, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/. • Febrica S. "Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks," 29 November 2020, https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fisheries-and-blue-justice/. • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised a workshop on sustainable small-scale fisheries law," 28 April 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/1939-2/ • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised webinar on Namibia's small-scale fisheries," 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-food-and-agriculture-organization-and-the-one-ocean-hub-co-organised-webinar-on-namibias-small-scale-fisheries/. • Febrica S, Nakamura J, Sunde J & Warikandwa T, "Strengthening knowledge on national policy and law and their alignment with the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines," 31 January 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/. • Khan U, "Exploring the blue carbon potential in Namibia," 3 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-blue-carbon-potential-in-namibia/. • Morgera E, "Key messages: high level event on small-scale fishers' rights," June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/ • Mthombeni M, "I took my ancestors to the United Nations, and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs," 10 July 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Empatheatre - Changing Understandings and Engagements with ocean dependent communities: Lalela uLwandle," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives Through Documentary Filmmaking," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana -Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-Scale Fisheries," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-scale Fisheries," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact story: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives through Documentary Filmmaking," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Fishers' songs from Ghana to Glasgow - A documentary film 'Cocooned in harmony' screens at the Centre for contemporary arts, "6 April 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-songs-from-ghana-to-glasgow-a-documentary-film-cocooned-in-harmony-screens-at-the-centre-of-contemporary-arts/ • One Ocean Hub, "Partnering with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries," 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-for-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries/. • One Ocean Hub, "Opening a platform for women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana," 29 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ • One Ocean Hub, "Welcoming local NGOs as Hub partners in Ghana, Namibia and South Africa: from seaweed education to human rights legal support," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/welcoming-local-ngos-as-hub-partners-in-ghana-namibia-and-south-africa-from-seaweed-education-to-human-rights-legal-support/ • One Ocean Hub, "Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ • One Ocean Hub, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Pereira T, Francis B and McGarry D, "The unexpected impact of a letter to the minister from One Ocean Hub researchers resulting in an opportunity to facilitate counter hegemonic mapping into transgressive ocean decision making for Amathole Marine Protected Area, South Africa, 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researchers-resulting-in-an-opportunity-to-facilitate-counter-hegemonic-mapping-into-transgressive-ocean-decision-making-for-amath/ • Pereira Kaplan T , "The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment" judge rules in the Shell seismic survey case, 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ • Pereira Kaplan T, "Deepening partnerships with small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/. • Sowman M, Sunde J and Lambrecht M, "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the west coast of South Africa," 7 September 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ • Sunde J. (2022). "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121 https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ • Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. • Samuel MM, Tshiningayamwe S, Jonas M and Kanyimba A. "Exploring ocean benefits, challenges, and prospects with Namibian coastal communities," 4 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-ocean-benefits-challenges-and-prospects-with-namibian-coastal-communities/ • Sunde J, "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Tshiningayamwe S, "Working with marginalised communities for more equitable ocean decision-making and other news from Namibia," 27 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-marginalised-communities-for-more-equitable-ocean-decision-making-and-other-news-from-namibia/. • Veii A and Nghipangelwa S, "Working in a transdisciplinary team to understand climate vulnerability on recreational fishing in Namibia," 26 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part One)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part Two)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/ • Wilson D, "Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa," 1 March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ • Wilson D, "Customary law, tangible and intangible heritage, and ocean governance workshops," 27 June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/ Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • UN Ocean Conference side-event titled "Small in scale, big in value: Stocktaking, partnerships and solutions in support of small-scale fisheries" (led by FAO), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). For more information see here: https://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1529971/. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was invited to: Act as lead discussant at the Interactive dialogue 4 "Making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets," 29 June 2024, in the Tejo Hall of the Conference venue. The event was attended by 50 attendees. For further information, see here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/making-fisheries-sustainable-and-providing-access-small-scale-artisanal-fishers-marine; watch the recording here: https://media.un.org/en/asset/k18/k185g5nkrg Capacity Building Session for UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni in 2020 • Covid-19 Impacts on the South African Small Scale Fisheries Sector: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDeJJG3qt0E. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdbVNhHf6Q. This event was attended by 62 attendees. Workshops co-organised with FAO • Regional Training Workshop on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries, 12-15 April 2021 in South Africa, Namibia and Ghana (April 2021). A total of 177 attendees (57 attendees on Day 1; 47 attendees on Day 2; 43 attendees on Day 3 and 30 attendees on Day 4). • The FAO led Parallel session #4.1 - "SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database" at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress Africa, 21 November 2022. This event was attended by 100 attendees. • A series of two days events titled "Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries: Towards a National Plan of Action for Small Scale Fisheries in Namibia" on 10th-11th June 2021. These series were attended by 70 attendees. UN World Oceans Day Events • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording is available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU. This event was attended by 54 attendees. • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants. GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School • Professor Elisa Morgera and Dr Dylan McGarry presentations in for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: - Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • One Ocean Hub's three led panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022: - The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small scale fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Video, film outputs • Photo-story: Small-scale fishers and human rights, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhqzgSCjfug. • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • Defenders of the Ocean, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'COP27 Children and Youth Pavilion speaker: Camila Awo Dzidzor One Ocean Hub', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A
Start Year 2021
 
Description BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES 
Organisation Rhodes University
Country South Africa 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution This partnership began in 2021 through the FAO's existing programme to support national implementation of the FAO Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) through national legislation. To support this, One Ocean Hub co-hosted with FAO regional workshops with government, community, research, and NGO representation from Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, to identify legislative barriers to the implementation of the FAO voluntary SSF guidelines in each country, thereby contributing to national research, while co-developing a global instrument, the FAO SSF Policy and Legal diagnostic tool in April 2021. Co-design of the regional workshop with South African researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network allowed FAO to shift from a top-down approach that focused on discussing what international law requires from governments to an approach informed by local context, and responds to specific needs of SSF, through international law when national law falls short. Hub researchers facilitated SSF representatives' direct participation in the workshop in varied ways, including voice or video messages that communicated their priorities. SSF and government representatives, as well as non-legal researchers were made aware of how international law is (or is not) applied in the context of South Africa, Ghana and Namibia. This is now informing planning of further inter-disciplinary research that will guide strategies on partnerships with governments and SSF in Ghana. In addition, this regional event led to a follow-up event specifically for Namibia, in collaboration with the FAO, the Hub and the Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Namibia. The webinar series organised on 10-11 June 2021 was titled 'Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries.' It was aimed at providing the evidence required to support the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, which the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which was published in 2022 as part of its commitment to implement the FAO SSF Guidelines. The workshop provided an opportunity to integrate the early research findings from the One Ocean Hub into the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, notably with regard to the inclusion of the views of indigenous communities that have been displaced from the coast (Topnaar). This event led to an invitation for nominations for two experts to sit on Namibia's national task force on SSF (upon acceptance by the Ministry of Fisheries). The key research findings that were shared with FAO focused on the approaches to: • redress marginalisation of previously disadvantaged communities including those that have been historically removed from the coast e.g. the Topnaar community), and • address the diverse capacity-building needs of different stakeholder groups that are expected to benefit from or contribute to implementation (SSF associations, SSF women and youth, town councils, NGOs, and primary schools). In addition, FAO invited the Hub to co-develop two e-learning courses on implementation of the FAO Guidelines on SSF to be housed on the FAO E-learning Academy website (https://elearning.fao.org/). The courses are meant to respond to government officers' and fishers' needs respectively, to implement the FAO Guidelines. The latter will allow SSF to obtain an international certification on the FAO E-learning Academy that contributes to their professional development and recognition of SSF. Two papers by Hub colleagues in Ghana and South Africa were integrated as case studies in the first FAO e-learning course on SSF law and policy (in additions to insights arising from the joint Hub-FAO workshops). A new e-learning course will be co-developed in 2023 with a view to directly addressing the question and challenges of small-scale fishers in invoking international law and human rights in their daily interactions with authorities and other stakeholders, based on Hub partnerships with small-scale fishing organizations in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. In addition, this allowed the Hub to bring together FAO and UNEP into a joint event during World Oceans Week 2021 to discuss directly with SSF representatives from South Africa key challenges. Towards the end of 2021, the collaboration with FAO led to an ambitious joint programme of work to advance the human rights-based approach to small scale fisheries as part of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The joint programme of work advanced understanding of the multiple threats to the rights of small-scale fishers to have a voice in decisions affecting their lives, health, culture and livelihoods, and garner further support for small-scale fishers that act as environmental human rights defenders. We shared key research insights and supported small-scale fisheries representatives to speak directly about their human rights concerns in a high-level event at World Ocean Week (WOW) 2022, to the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment participated. In June 2022, the Hub was invited to join the panelists of the High-level Interactive Dialogue on Fisheries at the UN Ocean Conference, and shared on that occasion the key messages from the WOW event (see report summarising key messages shared during the event here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/). These were then published in late 2022 as the first joint policy brief between FAO and the UNOHCHR, together with the Hub: "Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals" (Available here: https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). This joint programme of work also furthered partnerships with various civil society organizations. WWF Accelerating Coastal Community Led Conservation Initiative for the Oceans Practice reached out to the Hub to join efforts for IYAFA, including joint events at the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 on the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. WWF further invited the One Ocean Hub to join: the Blue Food Alliance that aims to transform our food system to focus on health, justice, and environmental sustainability; and the SSF Network, which arose from the first SSF Summit in September 2022. In addition, Naturskyddsföreningen (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation), Blue Venture, the Too-Big-To-Ignore research programme, and the IUCN Specialist Group on People and the Ocean approached the Hub to contribute to the programme of work for IYAFA. All these civil society partners emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. For the official closing of IYAFA (March 2023), the FAO invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to speak at the high-level closing event and the Empatheatre team from South Africa to perform "Listen to the Sea" immediately afterwards. FAO and the Hub also co-organised a series of hybrid events prior to the closing event: a workshop on art-based approaches to the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa, to explore their replicability in UN and NGO projects (Wed 29th March); a hybrid training on human rights and fisheries with the UNOHCHR and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (29th March); and a hybrid roundtable on WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and small-scale fishers' human rights (31st March). As a result of these activities, the Hub's recommendations on integrating human rights in the agenda of the second SSF Summit (scheduled in July 2024; more information here: https://ssfhub.org/ssf-summit-2024) were included and the Hub was invited to become an official partner of the SSF Hub which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community, and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (November 2023). FAO invited Elisa Morgera to a workshop, 14-16 November 2023, (https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-workshop-towards-creating-an-enabling-environment-for-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries/), Rome that brought together regional and global partners, as well as from various countries, and small-scale fisheries organisations, for experience sharing and learning on the work conducted to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines worldwide, as well as exploring potential areas of future work and collaboration and further enhancing awareness and knowledge of the SSF Guidelines. https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ Finally, the Hub summarised key findings from all these activities in a written submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, who will devote his 2024 report to fisheries, with a focus on the SSF Guidelines. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy. • partner organisations based in the Global South: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; ICCA Consortium, Malaysia; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; Abalobi, South Africa; SmartFish AC, Mexico. • Research organization based in the Global North: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Switzerland; Blue Ventures, UK; Too Big To Ignore, Canada; The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty's Fisheries Working Group, Italy; Conservation International, US; Environmental Defense Fund, US; Fauna & Flora, UK; Blue Ventures, UK; Ocean Outcomes, US; Wildlife Conservation Society, US; Rare, US; WildAid, US; Future of Fish Seattle, US; International Institute for Environment and Development, UK; International Pole & Line Foundation, UK; Oceana, US.
Collaborator Contribution FAO supported the development of the Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) and had already run a pilot regional workshop on their implementation through legislation. FAO is a member of the Executive Team of the One Ocean Hub and based on the early findings from the Hub on the need to further clarify the human rights-based approach to fisheries (Morgera and Nakamura, 2021), FAO invited the Hub to co-develop a diagnostic tool, co-organize another regional workshop in Hub countries and develop further e-learning tools. FAO provided USD 37,450 of in-kind match funding from FAO consultants to support course development. To support the planning and the organisation of the joint programme for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries in 2022, the FAO and UNEP has also provided in-kind support, in the form of staff time. The expansion of the partnership to the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a first for the ocean community and has provided invaluable insights for the Hub researchers, and their UN and civil society partners on how to rely on the international human rights monitoring system to support small-scale fishers on the ground when governments are falling behind in implementing their international commitments. The partnership has brought together a new Hub's inter-disciplinary team that has connected research across disciplines and scales. University of Strathclyde, Law School, Nelson Mandela University, University of Cape Coast and University of Namibia provide legal expertise. Rhodes University, Cape Town University, University of Namibia and University of Cape Coast provide sociological research co-developed with small-scale fishing communities. As an inter-disciplinary and cross-scale group we made significant progress towards channeling available legal, technical and strategic international support towards ocean-dependent communities in focus countries, as well as upscaling relevant findings to benefit other ODA-recipient countries. We contributed to focusing international support on SSF according to their needs as co-identified with Hub researchers. Our cross-scale approach has also opened pathways for marshalling international support towards, indigenous peoples and coastal communities negatively affected by blue economy initiatives ("ocean defenders"), and women and children negatively affected by unsustainable uses of the ocean. Support at the international level lends cachet to local advocacy efforts and influences systemic change at the national level. We achieved this progress by developing work programmes with international partners that are active across scales (national, regional and international), forming a nested approach to pathways to the Hub's national and international impact, and by: • co-developing research from the outset with international partners; • systematically sharing early findings through partners' ongoing capacity-building activities or co-developing new capacity-building activities, to engage in direct dialogue with their beneficiary country representatives; • proactively sharing early findings that contribute to international partners' own planning and agenda-setting activities; and • strategically utilising the strength of Hub partnerships with international organisations to leverage further support towards Hub objectives from other international partners. In doing so, we have built the capacity of: • South African, Ghanaian and Namibian community representatives to engage directly in international debates, while addressing their practical constraints and other, more pressing demands on their time; • communities to participate in national policy-making processes; • researchers to engage directly with international partners, as an essential skillset for researchers who have not yet worked across scales, so they can develop meaningful cross-scale networks; and • international partners and processes to adapt their modalities to accommodate community representatives' needs. As part of the Hub's ongoing partnership with FAO, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa contributed to the development and launch of a new international database called SSF-LEX (https://ssflex.fao.org/) that serves to identify relevant national law and policy instruments for small-scale fisheries and to assess whether there is alignment with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. It provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The purpose of the database is to help identify good State practices and needs for improvements. Hub early-career researcher Julia Nakamura (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-led the team in FAO that developed SSF-LEX, while Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tapiwa Warikandwa (University of Namibia, Namibia) reviewed and contributed to the SSF-LEX's country profiles of Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa (More information on Hub's contributions to the SSF-LEX is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). Julia Nakamura co-organised the launch of 'SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database' at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress-Africa (Cape Town, South Africa, 21-23 November 2022) on 23 November 2022, with a view to addressing fisheries managers, legal practitioners, scientists, academics, governments representatives, non-governmental stakeholders, fishers, and fishing communities. Jackie Sunde was invited as a panelists, who reflected on the usefulness of SSF-LEX to fishers, academics and human rights lawyers, from the South African perspective (More information on the SSF-LEX launch event could be found here: https://www.fao.org/legal-services/news/news-detail/en/c/1624163/). In November 2023, the Hub became an official partner of the Small-Scale Fisheries Resource & Collaboration Hub ("SSF Hub"), which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The Hub has been participating in regular meetings with the SSF Hub partners, sharing research, approaches and resources to support the following vision: "Small-scale fisheries and communities that are resilient, thriving and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) (https://oneoceanhub.org/becoming-official-partners-of-the-ssf-hub/). In October 2023 the SSF Hub shared various resources in their online library/ resources database such as our video recordings of "Fostering Cooperation Among Relevant UN bodies to Advance Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights" organised for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 14 November 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fostering-cooperation-among-relevant-un-bodies-advance-small-scale-fishers-human-rights); "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities & Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" organized on 7 June 2023 for the UN World Oceans Day 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/exploring-challenges-opportunities-alliances-protection-small-scale-fishers-human-rights) and "A Fishing Heritage in Peril", Artwork from DEEP Fund Project 'Fishers Tales" (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fishing-heritage-peril-artwork-deep-fund-project-fishers-tales). A complete list of the One Ocean Hub resources that are available on the SSF Hub can be found here: https://ssfhub.org/contributing-organization/one-ocean-hub. The Hub contributed to three submissions to the call by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to give inputs on his upcoming report on fisheries: • The KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum provided evidence on limitations in public participation in decision-making in South Africa, including on oil and gas development, as well as ocean master plan and marine protected areas. In addition, the evidence called attention to the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' tenure. • Jackie Sunde, University of Cape Town, also provided evidence on the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa in the context of the expansion of marine transport, ports and energy infrastructure. The submission also noted the need to recognize women's contributions to the value chain in the traditional line fish sector, as it provides multiple sources of food to different groups in a community but is not factored into fisheries policy making and rights allocation. More information here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/e19cnpbel7h4a7lap7ked6fdch. • A submission by Elisa Morgera shared comparative insights from research in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia and in the Caribbean, about the misrecognition and disrespect of the cultural rights of small-scale fishers (their spiritual and cultural connections to marine spaces, their distinctive knowledge systems, and their customary laws) - within and outside the fisheries sector - as one of the root causes of the violations of their right to food, as well as their participation in relevant policy processes. This submission also pointed to: lack of strategic environmental assessments for various policy areas that negatively affect fisheries and marine biodiversity (such as mining, infrastructure development, tourism), as well as the lack of national legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for large-scale fisheries (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12462); the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; and good practices that have strengthened the recognition, protection and remedies for small-scale fishers (Empatheatre in South Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf; documentary on fishers' songs in Ghana, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf; documentary with displaced Indigenous peoples in Namibia, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; Coastal Justice Network in South Africa, https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/; and pop-up clinics to provide women in small-scale fishing communities legal advice, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf: and direct academic research and action towards their legal needs. Read the written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/m1aqqg2i11g7dmfa1ddsvqpvag. This collaboration has brought notable policy impacts. As explained above, Hub's research, experience, and practices have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. The Tool aims to support the identification of barriers and opportunities to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) in the Context of Food in national laws and policies. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022). This five-lesson course provides guidance on how to assess existing legal and policy frameworks for fisheries in a specific country, explains how to legislate for small-scale fisheries, and outlines the main components of small-scale fisheries-specific legislation. It aims at helping professionals engaged in dialogue on policy and legislation processes and actions at all levels relating to small-scale fisheries, as well as at academic institutions and members of the general public interested in the subject (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. In the context of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the collaborative research initiative One Ocean Hub have been collaborating to raise awareness of the full scope of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. This policy brief aims to clarify the scope of the international human rights-based approach, including the corresponding State obligations, and to highlight how the coherent protection of these rights supports the realization of multiple Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements (https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). • Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA (e.g. WWF, Blue Ventures. Significance of Hub's contributions was evident from invitation to Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, to present Hub's research findings at the official high-level closing ceremony of IYAFA at the FAO headquarters in Rome (see outcomes section of this entry). In 2024, the Hub is working with FAO, SSF Hub, and supporters of IYAFA to strategise and plan for the upcoming SSF Summit that will take place in July 2024. This collaboration has achieved societal impacts by (1) raising awareness on the needs, interests, and human rights of small-scale fishers among national and international stakeholders and (2) strengthening the capacity of a total of 1,466 stakeholders from diverse professional categories including small-scale fisher, researcher, public sector, NGO, and international organization from Africa, South Pacific, the Caribbean, Asia Europe and North America. Events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration have also strengthened gender equality because they speak to predominantly women audience. On average 56% of attendees were women. This is interesting because despite marine sector is a male dominated sector, all our events spoke to a predominately female audience, which also showed the interests and needs for capacity building for women in this field.
Impact Resultant Outcomes • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022, co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. Available from here https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries" published in October 2022, available from here: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881). • A joint policy brief by FAO, One Ocean Hub, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. Available from here: https://ssflex.fao.org/). • One Ocean Hub's small-scale fisheries focused webpage: https://oneoceanhub.org/iyafa/. Peer-reviewed journal articles • Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • Golo HK, Erinosho B. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • Ibrahim S and Golo HK. (2023). "Right to Culture in Marine Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Ghana: Reflections of FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Maritime Studies (under review, submitted September 2023). • Kulundu-Bolus I, McGarry D and Lotz-Sisitka R "Think Piece: Learning, Living and Leading into Transgression - A reflection on decolonial praxis in a neoliberal world." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 36, pp.111-130, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v36i1.14. • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Mbatha P (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Nakamura J, Weston JCL and Lennan M (2023). "International Legal Responses for Protecting Fishers' Fundamental Rights Impacted by a Changing Ocean." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38 (2023, pp. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10141. • Pereira T and Erwin K (2023). "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice, Ecosystems and People, 19:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Rudolph TB, Ruckelshaus M, Swilling M, Allison EH, Österblom H, Gelcich S & Mbatha P. (2020). "A transition to sustainable ocean governance." Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2 • Sowman M et al (2021). "Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Sowman M and Sunde J (2021). "A Just transition? Navigating the process of policy implementation in small-scale fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104683 • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. • Morgera E and Nakamura J, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2 Book chapters: • Ansah JW, Oduro GY, and Wilson D. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Christoffels-du Plessis A., Erinosha, B., Major L., Morgera E., Sunde J. and Vermeylen S. Navigating a sea of laws: Small-scale Fishing Communities and Customary Rights in Ghana and South Africa. In Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (Eds) The Palgrave Book of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan. Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Christoffels-Du Plessis, A., and Sunde, J. 2020. Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for small-scale fisheries in South Africa. In Kerezi, V., Nakamura, J., El Halimi, M., and Chuenpagdee, R. (Eds.) Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries: Global Illustrations. TBTI Global Publication Series, St. John's, NL, Canada, http://toobigtoignore.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/South-Africa_01.pdf • Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. • Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Kanyimba AT & Jonas MN (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15 • Warikandwa TV, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f • Warikandwa TW, Shakalela E, Libebe EL (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14. • Warikandwa TW (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • B Erinosho, L Major, E Morgera, J Sunde and S Vermeylen. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • JW Ansah, GY Oduro, and D Wilson. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Book chapter: E Morgera and J Nakamura, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • HK Golo, S Ibrahim, B Erinosho. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Blogposts and other publications summarising the events and engagements. • Erinosho B, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/. • Febrica S. "Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks," 29 November 2020, https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fisheries-and-blue-justice/. • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised a workshop on sustainable small-scale fisheries law," 28 April 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/1939-2/ • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised webinar on Namibia's small-scale fisheries," 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-food-and-agriculture-organization-and-the-one-ocean-hub-co-organised-webinar-on-namibias-small-scale-fisheries/. • Febrica S, Nakamura J, Sunde J & Warikandwa T, "Strengthening knowledge on national policy and law and their alignment with the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines," 31 January 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/. • Khan U, "Exploring the blue carbon potential in Namibia," 3 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-blue-carbon-potential-in-namibia/. • Morgera E, "Key messages: high level event on small-scale fishers' rights," June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/ • Mthombeni M, "I took my ancestors to the United Nations, and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs," 10 July 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Empatheatre - Changing Understandings and Engagements with ocean dependent communities: Lalela uLwandle," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives Through Documentary Filmmaking," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana -Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-Scale Fisheries," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-scale Fisheries," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact story: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives through Documentary Filmmaking," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Fishers' songs from Ghana to Glasgow - A documentary film 'Cocooned in harmony' screens at the Centre for contemporary arts, "6 April 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-songs-from-ghana-to-glasgow-a-documentary-film-cocooned-in-harmony-screens-at-the-centre-of-contemporary-arts/ • One Ocean Hub, "Partnering with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries," 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-for-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries/. • One Ocean Hub, "Opening a platform for women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana," 29 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ • One Ocean Hub, "Welcoming local NGOs as Hub partners in Ghana, Namibia and South Africa: from seaweed education to human rights legal support," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/welcoming-local-ngos-as-hub-partners-in-ghana-namibia-and-south-africa-from-seaweed-education-to-human-rights-legal-support/ • One Ocean Hub, "Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ • One Ocean Hub, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Pereira T, Francis B and McGarry D, "The unexpected impact of a letter to the minister from One Ocean Hub researchers resulting in an opportunity to facilitate counter hegemonic mapping into transgressive ocean decision making for Amathole Marine Protected Area, South Africa, 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researchers-resulting-in-an-opportunity-to-facilitate-counter-hegemonic-mapping-into-transgressive-ocean-decision-making-for-amath/ • Pereira Kaplan T , "The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment" judge rules in the Shell seismic survey case, 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ • Pereira Kaplan T, "Deepening partnerships with small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/. • Sowman M, Sunde J and Lambrecht M, "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the west coast of South Africa," 7 September 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ • Sunde J. (2022). "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121 https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ • Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. • Samuel MM, Tshiningayamwe S, Jonas M and Kanyimba A. "Exploring ocean benefits, challenges, and prospects with Namibian coastal communities," 4 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-ocean-benefits-challenges-and-prospects-with-namibian-coastal-communities/ • Sunde J, "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Tshiningayamwe S, "Working with marginalised communities for more equitable ocean decision-making and other news from Namibia," 27 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-marginalised-communities-for-more-equitable-ocean-decision-making-and-other-news-from-namibia/. • Veii A and Nghipangelwa S, "Working in a transdisciplinary team to understand climate vulnerability on recreational fishing in Namibia," 26 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part One)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part Two)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/ • Wilson D, "Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa," 1 March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ • Wilson D, "Customary law, tangible and intangible heritage, and ocean governance workshops," 27 June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/ Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • UN Ocean Conference side-event titled "Small in scale, big in value: Stocktaking, partnerships and solutions in support of small-scale fisheries" (led by FAO), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). For more information see here: https://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1529971/. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was invited to: Act as lead discussant at the Interactive dialogue 4 "Making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets," 29 June 2024, in the Tejo Hall of the Conference venue. The event was attended by 50 attendees. For further information, see here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/making-fisheries-sustainable-and-providing-access-small-scale-artisanal-fishers-marine; watch the recording here: https://media.un.org/en/asset/k18/k185g5nkrg Capacity Building Session for UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni in 2020 • Covid-19 Impacts on the South African Small Scale Fisheries Sector: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDeJJG3qt0E. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdbVNhHf6Q. This event was attended by 62 attendees. Workshops co-organised with FAO • Regional Training Workshop on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries, 12-15 April 2021 in South Africa, Namibia and Ghana (April 2021). A total of 177 attendees (57 attendees on Day 1; 47 attendees on Day 2; 43 attendees on Day 3 and 30 attendees on Day 4). • The FAO led Parallel session #4.1 - "SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database" at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress Africa, 21 November 2022. This event was attended by 100 attendees. • A series of two days events titled "Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries: Towards a National Plan of Action for Small Scale Fisheries in Namibia" on 10th-11th June 2021. These series were attended by 70 attendees. UN World Oceans Day Events • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording is available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU. This event was attended by 54 attendees. • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants. GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School • Professor Elisa Morgera and Dr Dylan McGarry presentations in for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: - Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • One Ocean Hub's three led panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022: - The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small scale fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Video, film outputs • Photo-story: Small-scale fishers and human rights, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhqzgSCjfug. • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • Defenders of the Ocean, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'COP27 Children and Youth Pavilion speaker: Camila Awo Dzidzor One Ocean Hub', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A
Start Year 2021
 
Description BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES 
Organisation Swedish Society for Nature Conservation
Country Sweden 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution This partnership began in 2021 through the FAO's existing programme to support national implementation of the FAO Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) through national legislation. To support this, One Ocean Hub co-hosted with FAO regional workshops with government, community, research, and NGO representation from Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, to identify legislative barriers to the implementation of the FAO voluntary SSF guidelines in each country, thereby contributing to national research, while co-developing a global instrument, the FAO SSF Policy and Legal diagnostic tool in April 2021. Co-design of the regional workshop with South African researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network allowed FAO to shift from a top-down approach that focused on discussing what international law requires from governments to an approach informed by local context, and responds to specific needs of SSF, through international law when national law falls short. Hub researchers facilitated SSF representatives' direct participation in the workshop in varied ways, including voice or video messages that communicated their priorities. SSF and government representatives, as well as non-legal researchers were made aware of how international law is (or is not) applied in the context of South Africa, Ghana and Namibia. This is now informing planning of further inter-disciplinary research that will guide strategies on partnerships with governments and SSF in Ghana. In addition, this regional event led to a follow-up event specifically for Namibia, in collaboration with the FAO, the Hub and the Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Namibia. The webinar series organised on 10-11 June 2021 was titled 'Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries.' It was aimed at providing the evidence required to support the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, which the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which was published in 2022 as part of its commitment to implement the FAO SSF Guidelines. The workshop provided an opportunity to integrate the early research findings from the One Ocean Hub into the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, notably with regard to the inclusion of the views of indigenous communities that have been displaced from the coast (Topnaar). This event led to an invitation for nominations for two experts to sit on Namibia's national task force on SSF (upon acceptance by the Ministry of Fisheries). The key research findings that were shared with FAO focused on the approaches to: • redress marginalisation of previously disadvantaged communities including those that have been historically removed from the coast e.g. the Topnaar community), and • address the diverse capacity-building needs of different stakeholder groups that are expected to benefit from or contribute to implementation (SSF associations, SSF women and youth, town councils, NGOs, and primary schools). In addition, FAO invited the Hub to co-develop two e-learning courses on implementation of the FAO Guidelines on SSF to be housed on the FAO E-learning Academy website (https://elearning.fao.org/). The courses are meant to respond to government officers' and fishers' needs respectively, to implement the FAO Guidelines. The latter will allow SSF to obtain an international certification on the FAO E-learning Academy that contributes to their professional development and recognition of SSF. Two papers by Hub colleagues in Ghana and South Africa were integrated as case studies in the first FAO e-learning course on SSF law and policy (in additions to insights arising from the joint Hub-FAO workshops). A new e-learning course will be co-developed in 2023 with a view to directly addressing the question and challenges of small-scale fishers in invoking international law and human rights in their daily interactions with authorities and other stakeholders, based on Hub partnerships with small-scale fishing organizations in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. In addition, this allowed the Hub to bring together FAO and UNEP into a joint event during World Oceans Week 2021 to discuss directly with SSF representatives from South Africa key challenges. Towards the end of 2021, the collaboration with FAO led to an ambitious joint programme of work to advance the human rights-based approach to small scale fisheries as part of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The joint programme of work advanced understanding of the multiple threats to the rights of small-scale fishers to have a voice in decisions affecting their lives, health, culture and livelihoods, and garner further support for small-scale fishers that act as environmental human rights defenders. We shared key research insights and supported small-scale fisheries representatives to speak directly about their human rights concerns in a high-level event at World Ocean Week (WOW) 2022, to the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment participated. In June 2022, the Hub was invited to join the panelists of the High-level Interactive Dialogue on Fisheries at the UN Ocean Conference, and shared on that occasion the key messages from the WOW event (see report summarising key messages shared during the event here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/). These were then published in late 2022 as the first joint policy brief between FAO and the UNOHCHR, together with the Hub: "Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals" (Available here: https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). This joint programme of work also furthered partnerships with various civil society organizations. WWF Accelerating Coastal Community Led Conservation Initiative for the Oceans Practice reached out to the Hub to join efforts for IYAFA, including joint events at the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 on the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. WWF further invited the One Ocean Hub to join: the Blue Food Alliance that aims to transform our food system to focus on health, justice, and environmental sustainability; and the SSF Network, which arose from the first SSF Summit in September 2022. In addition, Naturskyddsföreningen (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation), Blue Venture, the Too-Big-To-Ignore research programme, and the IUCN Specialist Group on People and the Ocean approached the Hub to contribute to the programme of work for IYAFA. All these civil society partners emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. For the official closing of IYAFA (March 2023), the FAO invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to speak at the high-level closing event and the Empatheatre team from South Africa to perform "Listen to the Sea" immediately afterwards. FAO and the Hub also co-organised a series of hybrid events prior to the closing event: a workshop on art-based approaches to the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa, to explore their replicability in UN and NGO projects (Wed 29th March); a hybrid training on human rights and fisheries with the UNOHCHR and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (29th March); and a hybrid roundtable on WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and small-scale fishers' human rights (31st March). As a result of these activities, the Hub's recommendations on integrating human rights in the agenda of the second SSF Summit (scheduled in July 2024; more information here: https://ssfhub.org/ssf-summit-2024) were included and the Hub was invited to become an official partner of the SSF Hub which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community, and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (November 2023). FAO invited Elisa Morgera to a workshop, 14-16 November 2023, (https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-workshop-towards-creating-an-enabling-environment-for-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries/), Rome that brought together regional and global partners, as well as from various countries, and small-scale fisheries organisations, for experience sharing and learning on the work conducted to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines worldwide, as well as exploring potential areas of future work and collaboration and further enhancing awareness and knowledge of the SSF Guidelines. https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ Finally, the Hub summarised key findings from all these activities in a written submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, who will devote his 2024 report to fisheries, with a focus on the SSF Guidelines. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy. • partner organisations based in the Global South: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; ICCA Consortium, Malaysia; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; Abalobi, South Africa; SmartFish AC, Mexico. • Research organization based in the Global North: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Switzerland; Blue Ventures, UK; Too Big To Ignore, Canada; The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty's Fisheries Working Group, Italy; Conservation International, US; Environmental Defense Fund, US; Fauna & Flora, UK; Blue Ventures, UK; Ocean Outcomes, US; Wildlife Conservation Society, US; Rare, US; WildAid, US; Future of Fish Seattle, US; International Institute for Environment and Development, UK; International Pole & Line Foundation, UK; Oceana, US.
Collaborator Contribution FAO supported the development of the Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) and had already run a pilot regional workshop on their implementation through legislation. FAO is a member of the Executive Team of the One Ocean Hub and based on the early findings from the Hub on the need to further clarify the human rights-based approach to fisheries (Morgera and Nakamura, 2021), FAO invited the Hub to co-develop a diagnostic tool, co-organize another regional workshop in Hub countries and develop further e-learning tools. FAO provided USD 37,450 of in-kind match funding from FAO consultants to support course development. To support the planning and the organisation of the joint programme for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries in 2022, the FAO and UNEP has also provided in-kind support, in the form of staff time. The expansion of the partnership to the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a first for the ocean community and has provided invaluable insights for the Hub researchers, and their UN and civil society partners on how to rely on the international human rights monitoring system to support small-scale fishers on the ground when governments are falling behind in implementing their international commitments. The partnership has brought together a new Hub's inter-disciplinary team that has connected research across disciplines and scales. University of Strathclyde, Law School, Nelson Mandela University, University of Cape Coast and University of Namibia provide legal expertise. Rhodes University, Cape Town University, University of Namibia and University of Cape Coast provide sociological research co-developed with small-scale fishing communities. As an inter-disciplinary and cross-scale group we made significant progress towards channeling available legal, technical and strategic international support towards ocean-dependent communities in focus countries, as well as upscaling relevant findings to benefit other ODA-recipient countries. We contributed to focusing international support on SSF according to their needs as co-identified with Hub researchers. Our cross-scale approach has also opened pathways for marshalling international support towards, indigenous peoples and coastal communities negatively affected by blue economy initiatives ("ocean defenders"), and women and children negatively affected by unsustainable uses of the ocean. Support at the international level lends cachet to local advocacy efforts and influences systemic change at the national level. We achieved this progress by developing work programmes with international partners that are active across scales (national, regional and international), forming a nested approach to pathways to the Hub's national and international impact, and by: • co-developing research from the outset with international partners; • systematically sharing early findings through partners' ongoing capacity-building activities or co-developing new capacity-building activities, to engage in direct dialogue with their beneficiary country representatives; • proactively sharing early findings that contribute to international partners' own planning and agenda-setting activities; and • strategically utilising the strength of Hub partnerships with international organisations to leverage further support towards Hub objectives from other international partners. In doing so, we have built the capacity of: • South African, Ghanaian and Namibian community representatives to engage directly in international debates, while addressing their practical constraints and other, more pressing demands on their time; • communities to participate in national policy-making processes; • researchers to engage directly with international partners, as an essential skillset for researchers who have not yet worked across scales, so they can develop meaningful cross-scale networks; and • international partners and processes to adapt their modalities to accommodate community representatives' needs. As part of the Hub's ongoing partnership with FAO, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa contributed to the development and launch of a new international database called SSF-LEX (https://ssflex.fao.org/) that serves to identify relevant national law and policy instruments for small-scale fisheries and to assess whether there is alignment with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. It provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The purpose of the database is to help identify good State practices and needs for improvements. Hub early-career researcher Julia Nakamura (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-led the team in FAO that developed SSF-LEX, while Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tapiwa Warikandwa (University of Namibia, Namibia) reviewed and contributed to the SSF-LEX's country profiles of Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa (More information on Hub's contributions to the SSF-LEX is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). Julia Nakamura co-organised the launch of 'SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database' at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress-Africa (Cape Town, South Africa, 21-23 November 2022) on 23 November 2022, with a view to addressing fisheries managers, legal practitioners, scientists, academics, governments representatives, non-governmental stakeholders, fishers, and fishing communities. Jackie Sunde was invited as a panelists, who reflected on the usefulness of SSF-LEX to fishers, academics and human rights lawyers, from the South African perspective (More information on the SSF-LEX launch event could be found here: https://www.fao.org/legal-services/news/news-detail/en/c/1624163/). In November 2023, the Hub became an official partner of the Small-Scale Fisheries Resource & Collaboration Hub ("SSF Hub"), which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The Hub has been participating in regular meetings with the SSF Hub partners, sharing research, approaches and resources to support the following vision: "Small-scale fisheries and communities that are resilient, thriving and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) (https://oneoceanhub.org/becoming-official-partners-of-the-ssf-hub/). In October 2023 the SSF Hub shared various resources in their online library/ resources database such as our video recordings of "Fostering Cooperation Among Relevant UN bodies to Advance Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights" organised for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 14 November 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fostering-cooperation-among-relevant-un-bodies-advance-small-scale-fishers-human-rights); "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities & Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" organized on 7 June 2023 for the UN World Oceans Day 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/exploring-challenges-opportunities-alliances-protection-small-scale-fishers-human-rights) and "A Fishing Heritage in Peril", Artwork from DEEP Fund Project 'Fishers Tales" (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fishing-heritage-peril-artwork-deep-fund-project-fishers-tales). A complete list of the One Ocean Hub resources that are available on the SSF Hub can be found here: https://ssfhub.org/contributing-organization/one-ocean-hub. The Hub contributed to three submissions to the call by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to give inputs on his upcoming report on fisheries: • The KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum provided evidence on limitations in public participation in decision-making in South Africa, including on oil and gas development, as well as ocean master plan and marine protected areas. In addition, the evidence called attention to the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' tenure. • Jackie Sunde, University of Cape Town, also provided evidence on the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa in the context of the expansion of marine transport, ports and energy infrastructure. The submission also noted the need to recognize women's contributions to the value chain in the traditional line fish sector, as it provides multiple sources of food to different groups in a community but is not factored into fisheries policy making and rights allocation. More information here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/e19cnpbel7h4a7lap7ked6fdch. • A submission by Elisa Morgera shared comparative insights from research in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia and in the Caribbean, about the misrecognition and disrespect of the cultural rights of small-scale fishers (their spiritual and cultural connections to marine spaces, their distinctive knowledge systems, and their customary laws) - within and outside the fisheries sector - as one of the root causes of the violations of their right to food, as well as their participation in relevant policy processes. This submission also pointed to: lack of strategic environmental assessments for various policy areas that negatively affect fisheries and marine biodiversity (such as mining, infrastructure development, tourism), as well as the lack of national legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for large-scale fisheries (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12462); the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; and good practices that have strengthened the recognition, protection and remedies for small-scale fishers (Empatheatre in South Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf; documentary on fishers' songs in Ghana, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf; documentary with displaced Indigenous peoples in Namibia, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; Coastal Justice Network in South Africa, https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/; and pop-up clinics to provide women in small-scale fishing communities legal advice, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf: and direct academic research and action towards their legal needs. Read the written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/m1aqqg2i11g7dmfa1ddsvqpvag. This collaboration has brought notable policy impacts. As explained above, Hub's research, experience, and practices have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. The Tool aims to support the identification of barriers and opportunities to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) in the Context of Food in national laws and policies. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022). This five-lesson course provides guidance on how to assess existing legal and policy frameworks for fisheries in a specific country, explains how to legislate for small-scale fisheries, and outlines the main components of small-scale fisheries-specific legislation. It aims at helping professionals engaged in dialogue on policy and legislation processes and actions at all levels relating to small-scale fisheries, as well as at academic institutions and members of the general public interested in the subject (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. In the context of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the collaborative research initiative One Ocean Hub have been collaborating to raise awareness of the full scope of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. This policy brief aims to clarify the scope of the international human rights-based approach, including the corresponding State obligations, and to highlight how the coherent protection of these rights supports the realization of multiple Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements (https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). • Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA (e.g. WWF, Blue Ventures. Significance of Hub's contributions was evident from invitation to Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, to present Hub's research findings at the official high-level closing ceremony of IYAFA at the FAO headquarters in Rome (see outcomes section of this entry). In 2024, the Hub is working with FAO, SSF Hub, and supporters of IYAFA to strategise and plan for the upcoming SSF Summit that will take place in July 2024. This collaboration has achieved societal impacts by (1) raising awareness on the needs, interests, and human rights of small-scale fishers among national and international stakeholders and (2) strengthening the capacity of a total of 1,466 stakeholders from diverse professional categories including small-scale fisher, researcher, public sector, NGO, and international organization from Africa, South Pacific, the Caribbean, Asia Europe and North America. Events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration have also strengthened gender equality because they speak to predominantly women audience. On average 56% of attendees were women. This is interesting because despite marine sector is a male dominated sector, all our events spoke to a predominately female audience, which also showed the interests and needs for capacity building for women in this field.
Impact Resultant Outcomes • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022, co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. Available from here https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries" published in October 2022, available from here: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881). • A joint policy brief by FAO, One Ocean Hub, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. Available from here: https://ssflex.fao.org/). • One Ocean Hub's small-scale fisheries focused webpage: https://oneoceanhub.org/iyafa/. Peer-reviewed journal articles • Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • Golo HK, Erinosho B. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • Ibrahim S and Golo HK. (2023). "Right to Culture in Marine Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Ghana: Reflections of FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Maritime Studies (under review, submitted September 2023). • Kulundu-Bolus I, McGarry D and Lotz-Sisitka R "Think Piece: Learning, Living and Leading into Transgression - A reflection on decolonial praxis in a neoliberal world." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 36, pp.111-130, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v36i1.14. • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Mbatha P (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Nakamura J, Weston JCL and Lennan M (2023). "International Legal Responses for Protecting Fishers' Fundamental Rights Impacted by a Changing Ocean." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38 (2023, pp. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10141. • Pereira T and Erwin K (2023). "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice, Ecosystems and People, 19:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Rudolph TB, Ruckelshaus M, Swilling M, Allison EH, Österblom H, Gelcich S & Mbatha P. (2020). "A transition to sustainable ocean governance." Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2 • Sowman M et al (2021). "Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Sowman M and Sunde J (2021). "A Just transition? Navigating the process of policy implementation in small-scale fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104683 • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. • Morgera E and Nakamura J, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2 Book chapters: • Ansah JW, Oduro GY, and Wilson D. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Christoffels-du Plessis A., Erinosha, B., Major L., Morgera E., Sunde J. and Vermeylen S. Navigating a sea of laws: Small-scale Fishing Communities and Customary Rights in Ghana and South Africa. In Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (Eds) The Palgrave Book of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan. Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Christoffels-Du Plessis, A., and Sunde, J. 2020. Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for small-scale fisheries in South Africa. In Kerezi, V., Nakamura, J., El Halimi, M., and Chuenpagdee, R. (Eds.) Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries: Global Illustrations. TBTI Global Publication Series, St. John's, NL, Canada, http://toobigtoignore.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/South-Africa_01.pdf • Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. • Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Kanyimba AT & Jonas MN (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15 • Warikandwa TV, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f • Warikandwa TW, Shakalela E, Libebe EL (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14. • Warikandwa TW (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • B Erinosho, L Major, E Morgera, J Sunde and S Vermeylen. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • JW Ansah, GY Oduro, and D Wilson. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Book chapter: E Morgera and J Nakamura, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • HK Golo, S Ibrahim, B Erinosho. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Blogposts and other publications summarising the events and engagements. • Erinosho B, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/. • Febrica S. "Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks," 29 November 2020, https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fisheries-and-blue-justice/. • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised a workshop on sustainable small-scale fisheries law," 28 April 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/1939-2/ • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised webinar on Namibia's small-scale fisheries," 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-food-and-agriculture-organization-and-the-one-ocean-hub-co-organised-webinar-on-namibias-small-scale-fisheries/. • Febrica S, Nakamura J, Sunde J & Warikandwa T, "Strengthening knowledge on national policy and law and their alignment with the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines," 31 January 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/. • Khan U, "Exploring the blue carbon potential in Namibia," 3 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-blue-carbon-potential-in-namibia/. • Morgera E, "Key messages: high level event on small-scale fishers' rights," June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/ • Mthombeni M, "I took my ancestors to the United Nations, and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs," 10 July 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Empatheatre - Changing Understandings and Engagements with ocean dependent communities: Lalela uLwandle," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives Through Documentary Filmmaking," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana -Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-Scale Fisheries," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-scale Fisheries," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact story: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives through Documentary Filmmaking," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Fishers' songs from Ghana to Glasgow - A documentary film 'Cocooned in harmony' screens at the Centre for contemporary arts, "6 April 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-songs-from-ghana-to-glasgow-a-documentary-film-cocooned-in-harmony-screens-at-the-centre-of-contemporary-arts/ • One Ocean Hub, "Partnering with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries," 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-for-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries/. • One Ocean Hub, "Opening a platform for women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana," 29 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ • One Ocean Hub, "Welcoming local NGOs as Hub partners in Ghana, Namibia and South Africa: from seaweed education to human rights legal support," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/welcoming-local-ngos-as-hub-partners-in-ghana-namibia-and-south-africa-from-seaweed-education-to-human-rights-legal-support/ • One Ocean Hub, "Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ • One Ocean Hub, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Pereira T, Francis B and McGarry D, "The unexpected impact of a letter to the minister from One Ocean Hub researchers resulting in an opportunity to facilitate counter hegemonic mapping into transgressive ocean decision making for Amathole Marine Protected Area, South Africa, 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researchers-resulting-in-an-opportunity-to-facilitate-counter-hegemonic-mapping-into-transgressive-ocean-decision-making-for-amath/ • Pereira Kaplan T , "The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment" judge rules in the Shell seismic survey case, 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ • Pereira Kaplan T, "Deepening partnerships with small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/. • Sowman M, Sunde J and Lambrecht M, "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the west coast of South Africa," 7 September 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ • Sunde J. (2022). "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121 https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ • Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. • Samuel MM, Tshiningayamwe S, Jonas M and Kanyimba A. "Exploring ocean benefits, challenges, and prospects with Namibian coastal communities," 4 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-ocean-benefits-challenges-and-prospects-with-namibian-coastal-communities/ • Sunde J, "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Tshiningayamwe S, "Working with marginalised communities for more equitable ocean decision-making and other news from Namibia," 27 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-marginalised-communities-for-more-equitable-ocean-decision-making-and-other-news-from-namibia/. • Veii A and Nghipangelwa S, "Working in a transdisciplinary team to understand climate vulnerability on recreational fishing in Namibia," 26 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part One)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part Two)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/ • Wilson D, "Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa," 1 March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ • Wilson D, "Customary law, tangible and intangible heritage, and ocean governance workshops," 27 June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/ Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • UN Ocean Conference side-event titled "Small in scale, big in value: Stocktaking, partnerships and solutions in support of small-scale fisheries" (led by FAO), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). For more information see here: https://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1529971/. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was invited to: Act as lead discussant at the Interactive dialogue 4 "Making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets," 29 June 2024, in the Tejo Hall of the Conference venue. The event was attended by 50 attendees. For further information, see here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/making-fisheries-sustainable-and-providing-access-small-scale-artisanal-fishers-marine; watch the recording here: https://media.un.org/en/asset/k18/k185g5nkrg Capacity Building Session for UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni in 2020 • Covid-19 Impacts on the South African Small Scale Fisheries Sector: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDeJJG3qt0E. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdbVNhHf6Q. This event was attended by 62 attendees. Workshops co-organised with FAO • Regional Training Workshop on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries, 12-15 April 2021 in South Africa, Namibia and Ghana (April 2021). A total of 177 attendees (57 attendees on Day 1; 47 attendees on Day 2; 43 attendees on Day 3 and 30 attendees on Day 4). • The FAO led Parallel session #4.1 - "SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database" at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress Africa, 21 November 2022. This event was attended by 100 attendees. • A series of two days events titled "Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries: Towards a National Plan of Action for Small Scale Fisheries in Namibia" on 10th-11th June 2021. These series were attended by 70 attendees. UN World Oceans Day Events • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording is available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU. This event was attended by 54 attendees. • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants. GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School • Professor Elisa Morgera and Dr Dylan McGarry presentations in for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: - Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • One Ocean Hub's three led panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022: - The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small scale fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Video, film outputs • Photo-story: Small-scale fishers and human rights, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhqzgSCjfug. • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • Defenders of the Ocean, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'COP27 Children and Youth Pavilion speaker: Camila Awo Dzidzor One Ocean Hub', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A
Start Year 2021
 
Description BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES 
Organisation UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea
Country United States 
Sector Private 
PI Contribution This partnership began in 2021 through the FAO's existing programme to support national implementation of the FAO Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) through national legislation. To support this, One Ocean Hub co-hosted with FAO regional workshops with government, community, research, and NGO representation from Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, to identify legislative barriers to the implementation of the FAO voluntary SSF guidelines in each country, thereby contributing to national research, while co-developing a global instrument, the FAO SSF Policy and Legal diagnostic tool in April 2021. Co-design of the regional workshop with South African researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network allowed FAO to shift from a top-down approach that focused on discussing what international law requires from governments to an approach informed by local context, and responds to specific needs of SSF, through international law when national law falls short. Hub researchers facilitated SSF representatives' direct participation in the workshop in varied ways, including voice or video messages that communicated their priorities. SSF and government representatives, as well as non-legal researchers were made aware of how international law is (or is not) applied in the context of South Africa, Ghana and Namibia. This is now informing planning of further inter-disciplinary research that will guide strategies on partnerships with governments and SSF in Ghana. In addition, this regional event led to a follow-up event specifically for Namibia, in collaboration with the FAO, the Hub and the Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Namibia. The webinar series organised on 10-11 June 2021 was titled 'Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries.' It was aimed at providing the evidence required to support the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, which the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which was published in 2022 as part of its commitment to implement the FAO SSF Guidelines. The workshop provided an opportunity to integrate the early research findings from the One Ocean Hub into the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, notably with regard to the inclusion of the views of indigenous communities that have been displaced from the coast (Topnaar). This event led to an invitation for nominations for two experts to sit on Namibia's national task force on SSF (upon acceptance by the Ministry of Fisheries). The key research findings that were shared with FAO focused on the approaches to: • redress marginalisation of previously disadvantaged communities including those that have been historically removed from the coast e.g. the Topnaar community), and • address the diverse capacity-building needs of different stakeholder groups that are expected to benefit from or contribute to implementation (SSF associations, SSF women and youth, town councils, NGOs, and primary schools). In addition, FAO invited the Hub to co-develop two e-learning courses on implementation of the FAO Guidelines on SSF to be housed on the FAO E-learning Academy website (https://elearning.fao.org/). The courses are meant to respond to government officers' and fishers' needs respectively, to implement the FAO Guidelines. The latter will allow SSF to obtain an international certification on the FAO E-learning Academy that contributes to their professional development and recognition of SSF. Two papers by Hub colleagues in Ghana and South Africa were integrated as case studies in the first FAO e-learning course on SSF law and policy (in additions to insights arising from the joint Hub-FAO workshops). A new e-learning course will be co-developed in 2023 with a view to directly addressing the question and challenges of small-scale fishers in invoking international law and human rights in their daily interactions with authorities and other stakeholders, based on Hub partnerships with small-scale fishing organizations in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. In addition, this allowed the Hub to bring together FAO and UNEP into a joint event during World Oceans Week 2021 to discuss directly with SSF representatives from South Africa key challenges. Towards the end of 2021, the collaboration with FAO led to an ambitious joint programme of work to advance the human rights-based approach to small scale fisheries as part of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The joint programme of work advanced understanding of the multiple threats to the rights of small-scale fishers to have a voice in decisions affecting their lives, health, culture and livelihoods, and garner further support for small-scale fishers that act as environmental human rights defenders. We shared key research insights and supported small-scale fisheries representatives to speak directly about their human rights concerns in a high-level event at World Ocean Week (WOW) 2022, to the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment participated. In June 2022, the Hub was invited to join the panelists of the High-level Interactive Dialogue on Fisheries at the UN Ocean Conference, and shared on that occasion the key messages from the WOW event (see report summarising key messages shared during the event here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/). These were then published in late 2022 as the first joint policy brief between FAO and the UNOHCHR, together with the Hub: "Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals" (Available here: https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). This joint programme of work also furthered partnerships with various civil society organizations. WWF Accelerating Coastal Community Led Conservation Initiative for the Oceans Practice reached out to the Hub to join efforts for IYAFA, including joint events at the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 on the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. WWF further invited the One Ocean Hub to join: the Blue Food Alliance that aims to transform our food system to focus on health, justice, and environmental sustainability; and the SSF Network, which arose from the first SSF Summit in September 2022. In addition, Naturskyddsföreningen (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation), Blue Venture, the Too-Big-To-Ignore research programme, and the IUCN Specialist Group on People and the Ocean approached the Hub to contribute to the programme of work for IYAFA. All these civil society partners emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. For the official closing of IYAFA (March 2023), the FAO invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to speak at the high-level closing event and the Empatheatre team from South Africa to perform "Listen to the Sea" immediately afterwards. FAO and the Hub also co-organised a series of hybrid events prior to the closing event: a workshop on art-based approaches to the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa, to explore their replicability in UN and NGO projects (Wed 29th March); a hybrid training on human rights and fisheries with the UNOHCHR and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (29th March); and a hybrid roundtable on WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and small-scale fishers' human rights (31st March). As a result of these activities, the Hub's recommendations on integrating human rights in the agenda of the second SSF Summit (scheduled in July 2024; more information here: https://ssfhub.org/ssf-summit-2024) were included and the Hub was invited to become an official partner of the SSF Hub which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community, and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (November 2023). FAO invited Elisa Morgera to a workshop, 14-16 November 2023, (https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-workshop-towards-creating-an-enabling-environment-for-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries/), Rome that brought together regional and global partners, as well as from various countries, and small-scale fisheries organisations, for experience sharing and learning on the work conducted to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines worldwide, as well as exploring potential areas of future work and collaboration and further enhancing awareness and knowledge of the SSF Guidelines. https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ Finally, the Hub summarised key findings from all these activities in a written submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, who will devote his 2024 report to fisheries, with a focus on the SSF Guidelines. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy. • partner organisations based in the Global South: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; ICCA Consortium, Malaysia; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; Abalobi, South Africa; SmartFish AC, Mexico. • Research organization based in the Global North: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Switzerland; Blue Ventures, UK; Too Big To Ignore, Canada; The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty's Fisheries Working Group, Italy; Conservation International, US; Environmental Defense Fund, US; Fauna & Flora, UK; Blue Ventures, UK; Ocean Outcomes, US; Wildlife Conservation Society, US; Rare, US; WildAid, US; Future of Fish Seattle, US; International Institute for Environment and Development, UK; International Pole & Line Foundation, UK; Oceana, US.
Collaborator Contribution FAO supported the development of the Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) and had already run a pilot regional workshop on their implementation through legislation. FAO is a member of the Executive Team of the One Ocean Hub and based on the early findings from the Hub on the need to further clarify the human rights-based approach to fisheries (Morgera and Nakamura, 2021), FAO invited the Hub to co-develop a diagnostic tool, co-organize another regional workshop in Hub countries and develop further e-learning tools. FAO provided USD 37,450 of in-kind match funding from FAO consultants to support course development. To support the planning and the organisation of the joint programme for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries in 2022, the FAO and UNEP has also provided in-kind support, in the form of staff time. The expansion of the partnership to the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a first for the ocean community and has provided invaluable insights for the Hub researchers, and their UN and civil society partners on how to rely on the international human rights monitoring system to support small-scale fishers on the ground when governments are falling behind in implementing their international commitments. The partnership has brought together a new Hub's inter-disciplinary team that has connected research across disciplines and scales. University of Strathclyde, Law School, Nelson Mandela University, University of Cape Coast and University of Namibia provide legal expertise. Rhodes University, Cape Town University, University of Namibia and University of Cape Coast provide sociological research co-developed with small-scale fishing communities. As an inter-disciplinary and cross-scale group we made significant progress towards channeling available legal, technical and strategic international support towards ocean-dependent communities in focus countries, as well as upscaling relevant findings to benefit other ODA-recipient countries. We contributed to focusing international support on SSF according to their needs as co-identified with Hub researchers. Our cross-scale approach has also opened pathways for marshalling international support towards, indigenous peoples and coastal communities negatively affected by blue economy initiatives ("ocean defenders"), and women and children negatively affected by unsustainable uses of the ocean. Support at the international level lends cachet to local advocacy efforts and influences systemic change at the national level. We achieved this progress by developing work programmes with international partners that are active across scales (national, regional and international), forming a nested approach to pathways to the Hub's national and international impact, and by: • co-developing research from the outset with international partners; • systematically sharing early findings through partners' ongoing capacity-building activities or co-developing new capacity-building activities, to engage in direct dialogue with their beneficiary country representatives; • proactively sharing early findings that contribute to international partners' own planning and agenda-setting activities; and • strategically utilising the strength of Hub partnerships with international organisations to leverage further support towards Hub objectives from other international partners. In doing so, we have built the capacity of: • South African, Ghanaian and Namibian community representatives to engage directly in international debates, while addressing their practical constraints and other, more pressing demands on their time; • communities to participate in national policy-making processes; • researchers to engage directly with international partners, as an essential skillset for researchers who have not yet worked across scales, so they can develop meaningful cross-scale networks; and • international partners and processes to adapt their modalities to accommodate community representatives' needs. As part of the Hub's ongoing partnership with FAO, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa contributed to the development and launch of a new international database called SSF-LEX (https://ssflex.fao.org/) that serves to identify relevant national law and policy instruments for small-scale fisheries and to assess whether there is alignment with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. It provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The purpose of the database is to help identify good State practices and needs for improvements. Hub early-career researcher Julia Nakamura (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-led the team in FAO that developed SSF-LEX, while Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tapiwa Warikandwa (University of Namibia, Namibia) reviewed and contributed to the SSF-LEX's country profiles of Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa (More information on Hub's contributions to the SSF-LEX is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). Julia Nakamura co-organised the launch of 'SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database' at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress-Africa (Cape Town, South Africa, 21-23 November 2022) on 23 November 2022, with a view to addressing fisheries managers, legal practitioners, scientists, academics, governments representatives, non-governmental stakeholders, fishers, and fishing communities. Jackie Sunde was invited as a panelists, who reflected on the usefulness of SSF-LEX to fishers, academics and human rights lawyers, from the South African perspective (More information on the SSF-LEX launch event could be found here: https://www.fao.org/legal-services/news/news-detail/en/c/1624163/). In November 2023, the Hub became an official partner of the Small-Scale Fisheries Resource & Collaboration Hub ("SSF Hub"), which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The Hub has been participating in regular meetings with the SSF Hub partners, sharing research, approaches and resources to support the following vision: "Small-scale fisheries and communities that are resilient, thriving and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) (https://oneoceanhub.org/becoming-official-partners-of-the-ssf-hub/). In October 2023 the SSF Hub shared various resources in their online library/ resources database such as our video recordings of "Fostering Cooperation Among Relevant UN bodies to Advance Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights" organised for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 14 November 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fostering-cooperation-among-relevant-un-bodies-advance-small-scale-fishers-human-rights); "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities & Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" organized on 7 June 2023 for the UN World Oceans Day 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/exploring-challenges-opportunities-alliances-protection-small-scale-fishers-human-rights) and "A Fishing Heritage in Peril", Artwork from DEEP Fund Project 'Fishers Tales" (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fishing-heritage-peril-artwork-deep-fund-project-fishers-tales). A complete list of the One Ocean Hub resources that are available on the SSF Hub can be found here: https://ssfhub.org/contributing-organization/one-ocean-hub. The Hub contributed to three submissions to the call by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to give inputs on his upcoming report on fisheries: • The KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum provided evidence on limitations in public participation in decision-making in South Africa, including on oil and gas development, as well as ocean master plan and marine protected areas. In addition, the evidence called attention to the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' tenure. • Jackie Sunde, University of Cape Town, also provided evidence on the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa in the context of the expansion of marine transport, ports and energy infrastructure. The submission also noted the need to recognize women's contributions to the value chain in the traditional line fish sector, as it provides multiple sources of food to different groups in a community but is not factored into fisheries policy making and rights allocation. More information here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/e19cnpbel7h4a7lap7ked6fdch. • A submission by Elisa Morgera shared comparative insights from research in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia and in the Caribbean, about the misrecognition and disrespect of the cultural rights of small-scale fishers (their spiritual and cultural connections to marine spaces, their distinctive knowledge systems, and their customary laws) - within and outside the fisheries sector - as one of the root causes of the violations of their right to food, as well as their participation in relevant policy processes. This submission also pointed to: lack of strategic environmental assessments for various policy areas that negatively affect fisheries and marine biodiversity (such as mining, infrastructure development, tourism), as well as the lack of national legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for large-scale fisheries (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12462); the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; and good practices that have strengthened the recognition, protection and remedies for small-scale fishers (Empatheatre in South Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf; documentary on fishers' songs in Ghana, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf; documentary with displaced Indigenous peoples in Namibia, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; Coastal Justice Network in South Africa, https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/; and pop-up clinics to provide women in small-scale fishing communities legal advice, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf: and direct academic research and action towards their legal needs. Read the written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/m1aqqg2i11g7dmfa1ddsvqpvag. This collaboration has brought notable policy impacts. As explained above, Hub's research, experience, and practices have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. The Tool aims to support the identification of barriers and opportunities to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) in the Context of Food in national laws and policies. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022). This five-lesson course provides guidance on how to assess existing legal and policy frameworks for fisheries in a specific country, explains how to legislate for small-scale fisheries, and outlines the main components of small-scale fisheries-specific legislation. It aims at helping professionals engaged in dialogue on policy and legislation processes and actions at all levels relating to small-scale fisheries, as well as at academic institutions and members of the general public interested in the subject (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. In the context of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the collaborative research initiative One Ocean Hub have been collaborating to raise awareness of the full scope of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. This policy brief aims to clarify the scope of the international human rights-based approach, including the corresponding State obligations, and to highlight how the coherent protection of these rights supports the realization of multiple Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements (https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). • Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA (e.g. WWF, Blue Ventures. Significance of Hub's contributions was evident from invitation to Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, to present Hub's research findings at the official high-level closing ceremony of IYAFA at the FAO headquarters in Rome (see outcomes section of this entry). In 2024, the Hub is working with FAO, SSF Hub, and supporters of IYAFA to strategise and plan for the upcoming SSF Summit that will take place in July 2024. This collaboration has achieved societal impacts by (1) raising awareness on the needs, interests, and human rights of small-scale fishers among national and international stakeholders and (2) strengthening the capacity of a total of 1,466 stakeholders from diverse professional categories including small-scale fisher, researcher, public sector, NGO, and international organization from Africa, South Pacific, the Caribbean, Asia Europe and North America. Events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration have also strengthened gender equality because they speak to predominantly women audience. On average 56% of attendees were women. This is interesting because despite marine sector is a male dominated sector, all our events spoke to a predominately female audience, which also showed the interests and needs for capacity building for women in this field.
Impact Resultant Outcomes • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022, co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. Available from here https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries" published in October 2022, available from here: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881). • A joint policy brief by FAO, One Ocean Hub, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. Available from here: https://ssflex.fao.org/). • One Ocean Hub's small-scale fisheries focused webpage: https://oneoceanhub.org/iyafa/. Peer-reviewed journal articles • Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • Golo HK, Erinosho B. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • Ibrahim S and Golo HK. (2023). "Right to Culture in Marine Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Ghana: Reflections of FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Maritime Studies (under review, submitted September 2023). • Kulundu-Bolus I, McGarry D and Lotz-Sisitka R "Think Piece: Learning, Living and Leading into Transgression - A reflection on decolonial praxis in a neoliberal world." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 36, pp.111-130, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v36i1.14. • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Mbatha P (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Nakamura J, Weston JCL and Lennan M (2023). "International Legal Responses for Protecting Fishers' Fundamental Rights Impacted by a Changing Ocean." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38 (2023, pp. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10141. • Pereira T and Erwin K (2023). "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice, Ecosystems and People, 19:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Rudolph TB, Ruckelshaus M, Swilling M, Allison EH, Österblom H, Gelcich S & Mbatha P. (2020). "A transition to sustainable ocean governance." Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2 • Sowman M et al (2021). "Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Sowman M and Sunde J (2021). "A Just transition? Navigating the process of policy implementation in small-scale fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104683 • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. • Morgera E and Nakamura J, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2 Book chapters: • Ansah JW, Oduro GY, and Wilson D. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Christoffels-du Plessis A., Erinosha, B., Major L., Morgera E., Sunde J. and Vermeylen S. Navigating a sea of laws: Small-scale Fishing Communities and Customary Rights in Ghana and South Africa. In Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (Eds) The Palgrave Book of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan. Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Christoffels-Du Plessis, A., and Sunde, J. 2020. Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for small-scale fisheries in South Africa. In Kerezi, V., Nakamura, J., El Halimi, M., and Chuenpagdee, R. (Eds.) Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries: Global Illustrations. TBTI Global Publication Series, St. John's, NL, Canada, http://toobigtoignore.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/South-Africa_01.pdf • Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. • Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Kanyimba AT & Jonas MN (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15 • Warikandwa TV, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f • Warikandwa TW, Shakalela E, Libebe EL (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14. • Warikandwa TW (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • B Erinosho, L Major, E Morgera, J Sunde and S Vermeylen. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • JW Ansah, GY Oduro, and D Wilson. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Book chapter: E Morgera and J Nakamura, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • HK Golo, S Ibrahim, B Erinosho. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Blogposts and other publications summarising the events and engagements. • Erinosho B, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/. • Febrica S. "Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks," 29 November 2020, https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fisheries-and-blue-justice/. • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised a workshop on sustainable small-scale fisheries law," 28 April 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/1939-2/ • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised webinar on Namibia's small-scale fisheries," 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-food-and-agriculture-organization-and-the-one-ocean-hub-co-organised-webinar-on-namibias-small-scale-fisheries/. • Febrica S, Nakamura J, Sunde J & Warikandwa T, "Strengthening knowledge on national policy and law and their alignment with the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines," 31 January 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/. • Khan U, "Exploring the blue carbon potential in Namibia," 3 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-blue-carbon-potential-in-namibia/. • Morgera E, "Key messages: high level event on small-scale fishers' rights," June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/ • Mthombeni M, "I took my ancestors to the United Nations, and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs," 10 July 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Empatheatre - Changing Understandings and Engagements with ocean dependent communities: Lalela uLwandle," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives Through Documentary Filmmaking," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana -Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-Scale Fisheries," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-scale Fisheries," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact story: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives through Documentary Filmmaking," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Fishers' songs from Ghana to Glasgow - A documentary film 'Cocooned in harmony' screens at the Centre for contemporary arts, "6 April 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-songs-from-ghana-to-glasgow-a-documentary-film-cocooned-in-harmony-screens-at-the-centre-of-contemporary-arts/ • One Ocean Hub, "Partnering with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries," 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-for-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries/. • One Ocean Hub, "Opening a platform for women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana," 29 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ • One Ocean Hub, "Welcoming local NGOs as Hub partners in Ghana, Namibia and South Africa: from seaweed education to human rights legal support," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/welcoming-local-ngos-as-hub-partners-in-ghana-namibia-and-south-africa-from-seaweed-education-to-human-rights-legal-support/ • One Ocean Hub, "Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ • One Ocean Hub, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Pereira T, Francis B and McGarry D, "The unexpected impact of a letter to the minister from One Ocean Hub researchers resulting in an opportunity to facilitate counter hegemonic mapping into transgressive ocean decision making for Amathole Marine Protected Area, South Africa, 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researchers-resulting-in-an-opportunity-to-facilitate-counter-hegemonic-mapping-into-transgressive-ocean-decision-making-for-amath/ • Pereira Kaplan T , "The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment" judge rules in the Shell seismic survey case, 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ • Pereira Kaplan T, "Deepening partnerships with small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/. • Sowman M, Sunde J and Lambrecht M, "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the west coast of South Africa," 7 September 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ • Sunde J. (2022). "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121 https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ • Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. • Samuel MM, Tshiningayamwe S, Jonas M and Kanyimba A. "Exploring ocean benefits, challenges, and prospects with Namibian coastal communities," 4 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-ocean-benefits-challenges-and-prospects-with-namibian-coastal-communities/ • Sunde J, "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Tshiningayamwe S, "Working with marginalised communities for more equitable ocean decision-making and other news from Namibia," 27 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-marginalised-communities-for-more-equitable-ocean-decision-making-and-other-news-from-namibia/. • Veii A and Nghipangelwa S, "Working in a transdisciplinary team to understand climate vulnerability on recreational fishing in Namibia," 26 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part One)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part Two)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/ • Wilson D, "Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa," 1 March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ • Wilson D, "Customary law, tangible and intangible heritage, and ocean governance workshops," 27 June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/ Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • UN Ocean Conference side-event titled "Small in scale, big in value: Stocktaking, partnerships and solutions in support of small-scale fisheries" (led by FAO), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). For more information see here: https://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1529971/. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was invited to: Act as lead discussant at the Interactive dialogue 4 "Making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets," 29 June 2024, in the Tejo Hall of the Conference venue. The event was attended by 50 attendees. For further information, see here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/making-fisheries-sustainable-and-providing-access-small-scale-artisanal-fishers-marine; watch the recording here: https://media.un.org/en/asset/k18/k185g5nkrg Capacity Building Session for UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni in 2020 • Covid-19 Impacts on the South African Small Scale Fisheries Sector: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDeJJG3qt0E. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdbVNhHf6Q. This event was attended by 62 attendees. Workshops co-organised with FAO • Regional Training Workshop on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries, 12-15 April 2021 in South Africa, Namibia and Ghana (April 2021). A total of 177 attendees (57 attendees on Day 1; 47 attendees on Day 2; 43 attendees on Day 3 and 30 attendees on Day 4). • The FAO led Parallel session #4.1 - "SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database" at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress Africa, 21 November 2022. This event was attended by 100 attendees. • A series of two days events titled "Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries: Towards a National Plan of Action for Small Scale Fisheries in Namibia" on 10th-11th June 2021. These series were attended by 70 attendees. UN World Oceans Day Events • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording is available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU. This event was attended by 54 attendees. • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants. GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School • Professor Elisa Morgera and Dr Dylan McGarry presentations in for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: - Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • One Ocean Hub's three led panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022: - The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small scale fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Video, film outputs • Photo-story: Small-scale fishers and human rights, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhqzgSCjfug. • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • Defenders of the Ocean, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'COP27 Children and Youth Pavilion speaker: Camila Awo Dzidzor One Ocean Hub', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A
Start Year 2021
 
Description BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES 
Organisation United Nations (UN)
Department Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Country Switzerland 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution This partnership began in 2021 through the FAO's existing programme to support national implementation of the FAO Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) through national legislation. To support this, One Ocean Hub co-hosted with FAO regional workshops with government, community, research, and NGO representation from Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, to identify legislative barriers to the implementation of the FAO voluntary SSF guidelines in each country, thereby contributing to national research, while co-developing a global instrument, the FAO SSF Policy and Legal diagnostic tool in April 2021. Co-design of the regional workshop with South African researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network allowed FAO to shift from a top-down approach that focused on discussing what international law requires from governments to an approach informed by local context, and responds to specific needs of SSF, through international law when national law falls short. Hub researchers facilitated SSF representatives' direct participation in the workshop in varied ways, including voice or video messages that communicated their priorities. SSF and government representatives, as well as non-legal researchers were made aware of how international law is (or is not) applied in the context of South Africa, Ghana and Namibia. This is now informing planning of further inter-disciplinary research that will guide strategies on partnerships with governments and SSF in Ghana. In addition, this regional event led to a follow-up event specifically for Namibia, in collaboration with the FAO, the Hub and the Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Namibia. The webinar series organised on 10-11 June 2021 was titled 'Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries.' It was aimed at providing the evidence required to support the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, which the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which was published in 2022 as part of its commitment to implement the FAO SSF Guidelines. The workshop provided an opportunity to integrate the early research findings from the One Ocean Hub into the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, notably with regard to the inclusion of the views of indigenous communities that have been displaced from the coast (Topnaar). This event led to an invitation for nominations for two experts to sit on Namibia's national task force on SSF (upon acceptance by the Ministry of Fisheries). The key research findings that were shared with FAO focused on the approaches to: • redress marginalisation of previously disadvantaged communities including those that have been historically removed from the coast e.g. the Topnaar community), and • address the diverse capacity-building needs of different stakeholder groups that are expected to benefit from or contribute to implementation (SSF associations, SSF women and youth, town councils, NGOs, and primary schools). In addition, FAO invited the Hub to co-develop two e-learning courses on implementation of the FAO Guidelines on SSF to be housed on the FAO E-learning Academy website (https://elearning.fao.org/). The courses are meant to respond to government officers' and fishers' needs respectively, to implement the FAO Guidelines. The latter will allow SSF to obtain an international certification on the FAO E-learning Academy that contributes to their professional development and recognition of SSF. Two papers by Hub colleagues in Ghana and South Africa were integrated as case studies in the first FAO e-learning course on SSF law and policy (in additions to insights arising from the joint Hub-FAO workshops). A new e-learning course will be co-developed in 2023 with a view to directly addressing the question and challenges of small-scale fishers in invoking international law and human rights in their daily interactions with authorities and other stakeholders, based on Hub partnerships with small-scale fishing organizations in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. In addition, this allowed the Hub to bring together FAO and UNEP into a joint event during World Oceans Week 2021 to discuss directly with SSF representatives from South Africa key challenges. Towards the end of 2021, the collaboration with FAO led to an ambitious joint programme of work to advance the human rights-based approach to small scale fisheries as part of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The joint programme of work advanced understanding of the multiple threats to the rights of small-scale fishers to have a voice in decisions affecting their lives, health, culture and livelihoods, and garner further support for small-scale fishers that act as environmental human rights defenders. We shared key research insights and supported small-scale fisheries representatives to speak directly about their human rights concerns in a high-level event at World Ocean Week (WOW) 2022, to the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment participated. In June 2022, the Hub was invited to join the panelists of the High-level Interactive Dialogue on Fisheries at the UN Ocean Conference, and shared on that occasion the key messages from the WOW event (see report summarising key messages shared during the event here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/). These were then published in late 2022 as the first joint policy brief between FAO and the UNOHCHR, together with the Hub: "Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals" (Available here: https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). This joint programme of work also furthered partnerships with various civil society organizations. WWF Accelerating Coastal Community Led Conservation Initiative for the Oceans Practice reached out to the Hub to join efforts for IYAFA, including joint events at the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 on the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. WWF further invited the One Ocean Hub to join: the Blue Food Alliance that aims to transform our food system to focus on health, justice, and environmental sustainability; and the SSF Network, which arose from the first SSF Summit in September 2022. In addition, Naturskyddsföreningen (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation), Blue Venture, the Too-Big-To-Ignore research programme, and the IUCN Specialist Group on People and the Ocean approached the Hub to contribute to the programme of work for IYAFA. All these civil society partners emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. For the official closing of IYAFA (March 2023), the FAO invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to speak at the high-level closing event and the Empatheatre team from South Africa to perform "Listen to the Sea" immediately afterwards. FAO and the Hub also co-organised a series of hybrid events prior to the closing event: a workshop on art-based approaches to the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa, to explore their replicability in UN and NGO projects (Wed 29th March); a hybrid training on human rights and fisheries with the UNOHCHR and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (29th March); and a hybrid roundtable on WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and small-scale fishers' human rights (31st March). As a result of these activities, the Hub's recommendations on integrating human rights in the agenda of the second SSF Summit (scheduled in July 2024; more information here: https://ssfhub.org/ssf-summit-2024) were included and the Hub was invited to become an official partner of the SSF Hub which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community, and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (November 2023). FAO invited Elisa Morgera to a workshop, 14-16 November 2023, (https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-workshop-towards-creating-an-enabling-environment-for-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries/), Rome that brought together regional and global partners, as well as from various countries, and small-scale fisheries organisations, for experience sharing and learning on the work conducted to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines worldwide, as well as exploring potential areas of future work and collaboration and further enhancing awareness and knowledge of the SSF Guidelines. https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ Finally, the Hub summarised key findings from all these activities in a written submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, who will devote his 2024 report to fisheries, with a focus on the SSF Guidelines. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy. • partner organisations based in the Global South: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; ICCA Consortium, Malaysia; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; Abalobi, South Africa; SmartFish AC, Mexico. • Research organization based in the Global North: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Switzerland; Blue Ventures, UK; Too Big To Ignore, Canada; The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty's Fisheries Working Group, Italy; Conservation International, US; Environmental Defense Fund, US; Fauna & Flora, UK; Blue Ventures, UK; Ocean Outcomes, US; Wildlife Conservation Society, US; Rare, US; WildAid, US; Future of Fish Seattle, US; International Institute for Environment and Development, UK; International Pole & Line Foundation, UK; Oceana, US.
Collaborator Contribution FAO supported the development of the Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) and had already run a pilot regional workshop on their implementation through legislation. FAO is a member of the Executive Team of the One Ocean Hub and based on the early findings from the Hub on the need to further clarify the human rights-based approach to fisheries (Morgera and Nakamura, 2021), FAO invited the Hub to co-develop a diagnostic tool, co-organize another regional workshop in Hub countries and develop further e-learning tools. FAO provided USD 37,450 of in-kind match funding from FAO consultants to support course development. To support the planning and the organisation of the joint programme for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries in 2022, the FAO and UNEP has also provided in-kind support, in the form of staff time. The expansion of the partnership to the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a first for the ocean community and has provided invaluable insights for the Hub researchers, and their UN and civil society partners on how to rely on the international human rights monitoring system to support small-scale fishers on the ground when governments are falling behind in implementing their international commitments. The partnership has brought together a new Hub's inter-disciplinary team that has connected research across disciplines and scales. University of Strathclyde, Law School, Nelson Mandela University, University of Cape Coast and University of Namibia provide legal expertise. Rhodes University, Cape Town University, University of Namibia and University of Cape Coast provide sociological research co-developed with small-scale fishing communities. As an inter-disciplinary and cross-scale group we made significant progress towards channeling available legal, technical and strategic international support towards ocean-dependent communities in focus countries, as well as upscaling relevant findings to benefit other ODA-recipient countries. We contributed to focusing international support on SSF according to their needs as co-identified with Hub researchers. Our cross-scale approach has also opened pathways for marshalling international support towards, indigenous peoples and coastal communities negatively affected by blue economy initiatives ("ocean defenders"), and women and children negatively affected by unsustainable uses of the ocean. Support at the international level lends cachet to local advocacy efforts and influences systemic change at the national level. We achieved this progress by developing work programmes with international partners that are active across scales (national, regional and international), forming a nested approach to pathways to the Hub's national and international impact, and by: • co-developing research from the outset with international partners; • systematically sharing early findings through partners' ongoing capacity-building activities or co-developing new capacity-building activities, to engage in direct dialogue with their beneficiary country representatives; • proactively sharing early findings that contribute to international partners' own planning and agenda-setting activities; and • strategically utilising the strength of Hub partnerships with international organisations to leverage further support towards Hub objectives from other international partners. In doing so, we have built the capacity of: • South African, Ghanaian and Namibian community representatives to engage directly in international debates, while addressing their practical constraints and other, more pressing demands on their time; • communities to participate in national policy-making processes; • researchers to engage directly with international partners, as an essential skillset for researchers who have not yet worked across scales, so they can develop meaningful cross-scale networks; and • international partners and processes to adapt their modalities to accommodate community representatives' needs. As part of the Hub's ongoing partnership with FAO, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa contributed to the development and launch of a new international database called SSF-LEX (https://ssflex.fao.org/) that serves to identify relevant national law and policy instruments for small-scale fisheries and to assess whether there is alignment with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. It provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The purpose of the database is to help identify good State practices and needs for improvements. Hub early-career researcher Julia Nakamura (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-led the team in FAO that developed SSF-LEX, while Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tapiwa Warikandwa (University of Namibia, Namibia) reviewed and contributed to the SSF-LEX's country profiles of Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa (More information on Hub's contributions to the SSF-LEX is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). Julia Nakamura co-organised the launch of 'SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database' at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress-Africa (Cape Town, South Africa, 21-23 November 2022) on 23 November 2022, with a view to addressing fisheries managers, legal practitioners, scientists, academics, governments representatives, non-governmental stakeholders, fishers, and fishing communities. Jackie Sunde was invited as a panelists, who reflected on the usefulness of SSF-LEX to fishers, academics and human rights lawyers, from the South African perspective (More information on the SSF-LEX launch event could be found here: https://www.fao.org/legal-services/news/news-detail/en/c/1624163/). In November 2023, the Hub became an official partner of the Small-Scale Fisheries Resource & Collaboration Hub ("SSF Hub"), which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The Hub has been participating in regular meetings with the SSF Hub partners, sharing research, approaches and resources to support the following vision: "Small-scale fisheries and communities that are resilient, thriving and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) (https://oneoceanhub.org/becoming-official-partners-of-the-ssf-hub/). In October 2023 the SSF Hub shared various resources in their online library/ resources database such as our video recordings of "Fostering Cooperation Among Relevant UN bodies to Advance Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights" organised for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 14 November 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fostering-cooperation-among-relevant-un-bodies-advance-small-scale-fishers-human-rights); "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities & Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" organized on 7 June 2023 for the UN World Oceans Day 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/exploring-challenges-opportunities-alliances-protection-small-scale-fishers-human-rights) and "A Fishing Heritage in Peril", Artwork from DEEP Fund Project 'Fishers Tales" (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fishing-heritage-peril-artwork-deep-fund-project-fishers-tales). A complete list of the One Ocean Hub resources that are available on the SSF Hub can be found here: https://ssfhub.org/contributing-organization/one-ocean-hub. The Hub contributed to three submissions to the call by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to give inputs on his upcoming report on fisheries: • The KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum provided evidence on limitations in public participation in decision-making in South Africa, including on oil and gas development, as well as ocean master plan and marine protected areas. In addition, the evidence called attention to the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' tenure. • Jackie Sunde, University of Cape Town, also provided evidence on the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa in the context of the expansion of marine transport, ports and energy infrastructure. The submission also noted the need to recognize women's contributions to the value chain in the traditional line fish sector, as it provides multiple sources of food to different groups in a community but is not factored into fisheries policy making and rights allocation. More information here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/e19cnpbel7h4a7lap7ked6fdch. • A submission by Elisa Morgera shared comparative insights from research in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia and in the Caribbean, about the misrecognition and disrespect of the cultural rights of small-scale fishers (their spiritual and cultural connections to marine spaces, their distinctive knowledge systems, and their customary laws) - within and outside the fisheries sector - as one of the root causes of the violations of their right to food, as well as their participation in relevant policy processes. This submission also pointed to: lack of strategic environmental assessments for various policy areas that negatively affect fisheries and marine biodiversity (such as mining, infrastructure development, tourism), as well as the lack of national legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for large-scale fisheries (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12462); the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; and good practices that have strengthened the recognition, protection and remedies for small-scale fishers (Empatheatre in South Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf; documentary on fishers' songs in Ghana, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf; documentary with displaced Indigenous peoples in Namibia, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; Coastal Justice Network in South Africa, https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/; and pop-up clinics to provide women in small-scale fishing communities legal advice, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf: and direct academic research and action towards their legal needs. Read the written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/m1aqqg2i11g7dmfa1ddsvqpvag. This collaboration has brought notable policy impacts. As explained above, Hub's research, experience, and practices have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. The Tool aims to support the identification of barriers and opportunities to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) in the Context of Food in national laws and policies. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022). This five-lesson course provides guidance on how to assess existing legal and policy frameworks for fisheries in a specific country, explains how to legislate for small-scale fisheries, and outlines the main components of small-scale fisheries-specific legislation. It aims at helping professionals engaged in dialogue on policy and legislation processes and actions at all levels relating to small-scale fisheries, as well as at academic institutions and members of the general public interested in the subject (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. In the context of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the collaborative research initiative One Ocean Hub have been collaborating to raise awareness of the full scope of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. This policy brief aims to clarify the scope of the international human rights-based approach, including the corresponding State obligations, and to highlight how the coherent protection of these rights supports the realization of multiple Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements (https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). • Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA (e.g. WWF, Blue Ventures. Significance of Hub's contributions was evident from invitation to Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, to present Hub's research findings at the official high-level closing ceremony of IYAFA at the FAO headquarters in Rome (see outcomes section of this entry). In 2024, the Hub is working with FAO, SSF Hub, and supporters of IYAFA to strategise and plan for the upcoming SSF Summit that will take place in July 2024. This collaboration has achieved societal impacts by (1) raising awareness on the needs, interests, and human rights of small-scale fishers among national and international stakeholders and (2) strengthening the capacity of a total of 1,466 stakeholders from diverse professional categories including small-scale fisher, researcher, public sector, NGO, and international organization from Africa, South Pacific, the Caribbean, Asia Europe and North America. Events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration have also strengthened gender equality because they speak to predominantly women audience. On average 56% of attendees were women. This is interesting because despite marine sector is a male dominated sector, all our events spoke to a predominately female audience, which also showed the interests and needs for capacity building for women in this field.
Impact Resultant Outcomes • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022, co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. Available from here https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries" published in October 2022, available from here: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881). • A joint policy brief by FAO, One Ocean Hub, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. Available from here: https://ssflex.fao.org/). • One Ocean Hub's small-scale fisheries focused webpage: https://oneoceanhub.org/iyafa/. Peer-reviewed journal articles • Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • Golo HK, Erinosho B. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • Ibrahim S and Golo HK. (2023). "Right to Culture in Marine Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Ghana: Reflections of FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Maritime Studies (under review, submitted September 2023). • Kulundu-Bolus I, McGarry D and Lotz-Sisitka R "Think Piece: Learning, Living and Leading into Transgression - A reflection on decolonial praxis in a neoliberal world." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 36, pp.111-130, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v36i1.14. • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Mbatha P (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Nakamura J, Weston JCL and Lennan M (2023). "International Legal Responses for Protecting Fishers' Fundamental Rights Impacted by a Changing Ocean." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38 (2023, pp. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10141. • Pereira T and Erwin K (2023). "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice, Ecosystems and People, 19:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Rudolph TB, Ruckelshaus M, Swilling M, Allison EH, Österblom H, Gelcich S & Mbatha P. (2020). "A transition to sustainable ocean governance." Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2 • Sowman M et al (2021). "Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Sowman M and Sunde J (2021). "A Just transition? Navigating the process of policy implementation in small-scale fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104683 • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. • Morgera E and Nakamura J, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2 Book chapters: • Ansah JW, Oduro GY, and Wilson D. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Christoffels-du Plessis A., Erinosha, B., Major L., Morgera E., Sunde J. and Vermeylen S. Navigating a sea of laws: Small-scale Fishing Communities and Customary Rights in Ghana and South Africa. In Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (Eds) The Palgrave Book of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan. Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Christoffels-Du Plessis, A., and Sunde, J. 2020. Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for small-scale fisheries in South Africa. In Kerezi, V., Nakamura, J., El Halimi, M., and Chuenpagdee, R. (Eds.) Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries: Global Illustrations. TBTI Global Publication Series, St. John's, NL, Canada, http://toobigtoignore.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/South-Africa_01.pdf • Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. • Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Kanyimba AT & Jonas MN (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15 • Warikandwa TV, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f • Warikandwa TW, Shakalela E, Libebe EL (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14. • Warikandwa TW (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • B Erinosho, L Major, E Morgera, J Sunde and S Vermeylen. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • JW Ansah, GY Oduro, and D Wilson. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Book chapter: E Morgera and J Nakamura, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • HK Golo, S Ibrahim, B Erinosho. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Blogposts and other publications summarising the events and engagements. • Erinosho B, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/. • Febrica S. "Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks," 29 November 2020, https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fisheries-and-blue-justice/. • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised a workshop on sustainable small-scale fisheries law," 28 April 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/1939-2/ • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised webinar on Namibia's small-scale fisheries," 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-food-and-agriculture-organization-and-the-one-ocean-hub-co-organised-webinar-on-namibias-small-scale-fisheries/. • Febrica S, Nakamura J, Sunde J & Warikandwa T, "Strengthening knowledge on national policy and law and their alignment with the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines," 31 January 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/. • Khan U, "Exploring the blue carbon potential in Namibia," 3 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-blue-carbon-potential-in-namibia/. • Morgera E, "Key messages: high level event on small-scale fishers' rights," June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/ • Mthombeni M, "I took my ancestors to the United Nations, and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs," 10 July 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Empatheatre - Changing Understandings and Engagements with ocean dependent communities: Lalela uLwandle," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives Through Documentary Filmmaking," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana -Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-Scale Fisheries," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-scale Fisheries," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact story: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives through Documentary Filmmaking," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Fishers' songs from Ghana to Glasgow - A documentary film 'Cocooned in harmony' screens at the Centre for contemporary arts, "6 April 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-songs-from-ghana-to-glasgow-a-documentary-film-cocooned-in-harmony-screens-at-the-centre-of-contemporary-arts/ • One Ocean Hub, "Partnering with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries," 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-for-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries/. • One Ocean Hub, "Opening a platform for women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana," 29 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ • One Ocean Hub, "Welcoming local NGOs as Hub partners in Ghana, Namibia and South Africa: from seaweed education to human rights legal support," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/welcoming-local-ngos-as-hub-partners-in-ghana-namibia-and-south-africa-from-seaweed-education-to-human-rights-legal-support/ • One Ocean Hub, "Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ • One Ocean Hub, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Pereira T, Francis B and McGarry D, "The unexpected impact of a letter to the minister from One Ocean Hub researchers resulting in an opportunity to facilitate counter hegemonic mapping into transgressive ocean decision making for Amathole Marine Protected Area, South Africa, 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researchers-resulting-in-an-opportunity-to-facilitate-counter-hegemonic-mapping-into-transgressive-ocean-decision-making-for-amath/ • Pereira Kaplan T , "The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment" judge rules in the Shell seismic survey case, 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ • Pereira Kaplan T, "Deepening partnerships with small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/. • Sowman M, Sunde J and Lambrecht M, "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the west coast of South Africa," 7 September 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ • Sunde J. (2022). "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121 https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ • Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. • Samuel MM, Tshiningayamwe S, Jonas M and Kanyimba A. "Exploring ocean benefits, challenges, and prospects with Namibian coastal communities," 4 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-ocean-benefits-challenges-and-prospects-with-namibian-coastal-communities/ • Sunde J, "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Tshiningayamwe S, "Working with marginalised communities for more equitable ocean decision-making and other news from Namibia," 27 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-marginalised-communities-for-more-equitable-ocean-decision-making-and-other-news-from-namibia/. • Veii A and Nghipangelwa S, "Working in a transdisciplinary team to understand climate vulnerability on recreational fishing in Namibia," 26 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part One)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part Two)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/ • Wilson D, "Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa," 1 March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ • Wilson D, "Customary law, tangible and intangible heritage, and ocean governance workshops," 27 June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/ Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • UN Ocean Conference side-event titled "Small in scale, big in value: Stocktaking, partnerships and solutions in support of small-scale fisheries" (led by FAO), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). For more information see here: https://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1529971/. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was invited to: Act as lead discussant at the Interactive dialogue 4 "Making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets," 29 June 2024, in the Tejo Hall of the Conference venue. The event was attended by 50 attendees. For further information, see here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/making-fisheries-sustainable-and-providing-access-small-scale-artisanal-fishers-marine; watch the recording here: https://media.un.org/en/asset/k18/k185g5nkrg Capacity Building Session for UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni in 2020 • Covid-19 Impacts on the South African Small Scale Fisheries Sector: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDeJJG3qt0E. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdbVNhHf6Q. This event was attended by 62 attendees. Workshops co-organised with FAO • Regional Training Workshop on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries, 12-15 April 2021 in South Africa, Namibia and Ghana (April 2021). A total of 177 attendees (57 attendees on Day 1; 47 attendees on Day 2; 43 attendees on Day 3 and 30 attendees on Day 4). • The FAO led Parallel session #4.1 - "SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database" at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress Africa, 21 November 2022. This event was attended by 100 attendees. • A series of two days events titled "Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries: Towards a National Plan of Action for Small Scale Fisheries in Namibia" on 10th-11th June 2021. These series were attended by 70 attendees. UN World Oceans Day Events • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording is available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU. This event was attended by 54 attendees. • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants. GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School • Professor Elisa Morgera and Dr Dylan McGarry presentations in for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: - Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • One Ocean Hub's three led panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022: - The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small scale fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Video, film outputs • Photo-story: Small-scale fishers and human rights, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhqzgSCjfug. • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • Defenders of the Ocean, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'COP27 Children and Youth Pavilion speaker: Camila Awo Dzidzor One Ocean Hub', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A
Start Year 2021
 
Description BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES 
Organisation United Nations (UN)
Department United Nations Environment Programme
Country Kenya 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution This partnership began in 2021 through the FAO's existing programme to support national implementation of the FAO Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) through national legislation. To support this, One Ocean Hub co-hosted with FAO regional workshops with government, community, research, and NGO representation from Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, to identify legislative barriers to the implementation of the FAO voluntary SSF guidelines in each country, thereby contributing to national research, while co-developing a global instrument, the FAO SSF Policy and Legal diagnostic tool in April 2021. Co-design of the regional workshop with South African researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network allowed FAO to shift from a top-down approach that focused on discussing what international law requires from governments to an approach informed by local context, and responds to specific needs of SSF, through international law when national law falls short. Hub researchers facilitated SSF representatives' direct participation in the workshop in varied ways, including voice or video messages that communicated their priorities. SSF and government representatives, as well as non-legal researchers were made aware of how international law is (or is not) applied in the context of South Africa, Ghana and Namibia. This is now informing planning of further inter-disciplinary research that will guide strategies on partnerships with governments and SSF in Ghana. In addition, this regional event led to a follow-up event specifically for Namibia, in collaboration with the FAO, the Hub and the Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Namibia. The webinar series organised on 10-11 June 2021 was titled 'Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries.' It was aimed at providing the evidence required to support the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, which the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which was published in 2022 as part of its commitment to implement the FAO SSF Guidelines. The workshop provided an opportunity to integrate the early research findings from the One Ocean Hub into the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, notably with regard to the inclusion of the views of indigenous communities that have been displaced from the coast (Topnaar). This event led to an invitation for nominations for two experts to sit on Namibia's national task force on SSF (upon acceptance by the Ministry of Fisheries). The key research findings that were shared with FAO focused on the approaches to: • redress marginalisation of previously disadvantaged communities including those that have been historically removed from the coast e.g. the Topnaar community), and • address the diverse capacity-building needs of different stakeholder groups that are expected to benefit from or contribute to implementation (SSF associations, SSF women and youth, town councils, NGOs, and primary schools). In addition, FAO invited the Hub to co-develop two e-learning courses on implementation of the FAO Guidelines on SSF to be housed on the FAO E-learning Academy website (https://elearning.fao.org/). The courses are meant to respond to government officers' and fishers' needs respectively, to implement the FAO Guidelines. The latter will allow SSF to obtain an international certification on the FAO E-learning Academy that contributes to their professional development and recognition of SSF. Two papers by Hub colleagues in Ghana and South Africa were integrated as case studies in the first FAO e-learning course on SSF law and policy (in additions to insights arising from the joint Hub-FAO workshops). A new e-learning course will be co-developed in 2023 with a view to directly addressing the question and challenges of small-scale fishers in invoking international law and human rights in their daily interactions with authorities and other stakeholders, based on Hub partnerships with small-scale fishing organizations in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. In addition, this allowed the Hub to bring together FAO and UNEP into a joint event during World Oceans Week 2021 to discuss directly with SSF representatives from South Africa key challenges. Towards the end of 2021, the collaboration with FAO led to an ambitious joint programme of work to advance the human rights-based approach to small scale fisheries as part of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The joint programme of work advanced understanding of the multiple threats to the rights of small-scale fishers to have a voice in decisions affecting their lives, health, culture and livelihoods, and garner further support for small-scale fishers that act as environmental human rights defenders. We shared key research insights and supported small-scale fisheries representatives to speak directly about their human rights concerns in a high-level event at World Ocean Week (WOW) 2022, to the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment participated. In June 2022, the Hub was invited to join the panelists of the High-level Interactive Dialogue on Fisheries at the UN Ocean Conference, and shared on that occasion the key messages from the WOW event (see report summarising key messages shared during the event here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/). These were then published in late 2022 as the first joint policy brief between FAO and the UNOHCHR, together with the Hub: "Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals" (Available here: https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). This joint programme of work also furthered partnerships with various civil society organizations. WWF Accelerating Coastal Community Led Conservation Initiative for the Oceans Practice reached out to the Hub to join efforts for IYAFA, including joint events at the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 on the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. WWF further invited the One Ocean Hub to join: the Blue Food Alliance that aims to transform our food system to focus on health, justice, and environmental sustainability; and the SSF Network, which arose from the first SSF Summit in September 2022. In addition, Naturskyddsföreningen (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation), Blue Venture, the Too-Big-To-Ignore research programme, and the IUCN Specialist Group on People and the Ocean approached the Hub to contribute to the programme of work for IYAFA. All these civil society partners emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. For the official closing of IYAFA (March 2023), the FAO invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to speak at the high-level closing event and the Empatheatre team from South Africa to perform "Listen to the Sea" immediately afterwards. FAO and the Hub also co-organised a series of hybrid events prior to the closing event: a workshop on art-based approaches to the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa, to explore their replicability in UN and NGO projects (Wed 29th March); a hybrid training on human rights and fisheries with the UNOHCHR and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (29th March); and a hybrid roundtable on WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and small-scale fishers' human rights (31st March). As a result of these activities, the Hub's recommendations on integrating human rights in the agenda of the second SSF Summit (scheduled in July 2024; more information here: https://ssfhub.org/ssf-summit-2024) were included and the Hub was invited to become an official partner of the SSF Hub which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community, and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (November 2023). FAO invited Elisa Morgera to a workshop, 14-16 November 2023, (https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-workshop-towards-creating-an-enabling-environment-for-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries/), Rome that brought together regional and global partners, as well as from various countries, and small-scale fisheries organisations, for experience sharing and learning on the work conducted to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines worldwide, as well as exploring potential areas of future work and collaboration and further enhancing awareness and knowledge of the SSF Guidelines. https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ Finally, the Hub summarised key findings from all these activities in a written submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, who will devote his 2024 report to fisheries, with a focus on the SSF Guidelines. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy. • partner organisations based in the Global South: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; ICCA Consortium, Malaysia; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; Abalobi, South Africa; SmartFish AC, Mexico. • Research organization based in the Global North: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Switzerland; Blue Ventures, UK; Too Big To Ignore, Canada; The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty's Fisheries Working Group, Italy; Conservation International, US; Environmental Defense Fund, US; Fauna & Flora, UK; Blue Ventures, UK; Ocean Outcomes, US; Wildlife Conservation Society, US; Rare, US; WildAid, US; Future of Fish Seattle, US; International Institute for Environment and Development, UK; International Pole & Line Foundation, UK; Oceana, US.
Collaborator Contribution FAO supported the development of the Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) and had already run a pilot regional workshop on their implementation through legislation. FAO is a member of the Executive Team of the One Ocean Hub and based on the early findings from the Hub on the need to further clarify the human rights-based approach to fisheries (Morgera and Nakamura, 2021), FAO invited the Hub to co-develop a diagnostic tool, co-organize another regional workshop in Hub countries and develop further e-learning tools. FAO provided USD 37,450 of in-kind match funding from FAO consultants to support course development. To support the planning and the organisation of the joint programme for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries in 2022, the FAO and UNEP has also provided in-kind support, in the form of staff time. The expansion of the partnership to the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a first for the ocean community and has provided invaluable insights for the Hub researchers, and their UN and civil society partners on how to rely on the international human rights monitoring system to support small-scale fishers on the ground when governments are falling behind in implementing their international commitments. The partnership has brought together a new Hub's inter-disciplinary team that has connected research across disciplines and scales. University of Strathclyde, Law School, Nelson Mandela University, University of Cape Coast and University of Namibia provide legal expertise. Rhodes University, Cape Town University, University of Namibia and University of Cape Coast provide sociological research co-developed with small-scale fishing communities. As an inter-disciplinary and cross-scale group we made significant progress towards channeling available legal, technical and strategic international support towards ocean-dependent communities in focus countries, as well as upscaling relevant findings to benefit other ODA-recipient countries. We contributed to focusing international support on SSF according to their needs as co-identified with Hub researchers. Our cross-scale approach has also opened pathways for marshalling international support towards, indigenous peoples and coastal communities negatively affected by blue economy initiatives ("ocean defenders"), and women and children negatively affected by unsustainable uses of the ocean. Support at the international level lends cachet to local advocacy efforts and influences systemic change at the national level. We achieved this progress by developing work programmes with international partners that are active across scales (national, regional and international), forming a nested approach to pathways to the Hub's national and international impact, and by: • co-developing research from the outset with international partners; • systematically sharing early findings through partners' ongoing capacity-building activities or co-developing new capacity-building activities, to engage in direct dialogue with their beneficiary country representatives; • proactively sharing early findings that contribute to international partners' own planning and agenda-setting activities; and • strategically utilising the strength of Hub partnerships with international organisations to leverage further support towards Hub objectives from other international partners. In doing so, we have built the capacity of: • South African, Ghanaian and Namibian community representatives to engage directly in international debates, while addressing their practical constraints and other, more pressing demands on their time; • communities to participate in national policy-making processes; • researchers to engage directly with international partners, as an essential skillset for researchers who have not yet worked across scales, so they can develop meaningful cross-scale networks; and • international partners and processes to adapt their modalities to accommodate community representatives' needs. As part of the Hub's ongoing partnership with FAO, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa contributed to the development and launch of a new international database called SSF-LEX (https://ssflex.fao.org/) that serves to identify relevant national law and policy instruments for small-scale fisheries and to assess whether there is alignment with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. It provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The purpose of the database is to help identify good State practices and needs for improvements. Hub early-career researcher Julia Nakamura (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-led the team in FAO that developed SSF-LEX, while Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tapiwa Warikandwa (University of Namibia, Namibia) reviewed and contributed to the SSF-LEX's country profiles of Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa (More information on Hub's contributions to the SSF-LEX is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). Julia Nakamura co-organised the launch of 'SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database' at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress-Africa (Cape Town, South Africa, 21-23 November 2022) on 23 November 2022, with a view to addressing fisheries managers, legal practitioners, scientists, academics, governments representatives, non-governmental stakeholders, fishers, and fishing communities. Jackie Sunde was invited as a panelists, who reflected on the usefulness of SSF-LEX to fishers, academics and human rights lawyers, from the South African perspective (More information on the SSF-LEX launch event could be found here: https://www.fao.org/legal-services/news/news-detail/en/c/1624163/). In November 2023, the Hub became an official partner of the Small-Scale Fisheries Resource & Collaboration Hub ("SSF Hub"), which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The Hub has been participating in regular meetings with the SSF Hub partners, sharing research, approaches and resources to support the following vision: "Small-scale fisheries and communities that are resilient, thriving and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) (https://oneoceanhub.org/becoming-official-partners-of-the-ssf-hub/). In October 2023 the SSF Hub shared various resources in their online library/ resources database such as our video recordings of "Fostering Cooperation Among Relevant UN bodies to Advance Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights" organised for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 14 November 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fostering-cooperation-among-relevant-un-bodies-advance-small-scale-fishers-human-rights); "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities & Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" organized on 7 June 2023 for the UN World Oceans Day 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/exploring-challenges-opportunities-alliances-protection-small-scale-fishers-human-rights) and "A Fishing Heritage in Peril", Artwork from DEEP Fund Project 'Fishers Tales" (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fishing-heritage-peril-artwork-deep-fund-project-fishers-tales). A complete list of the One Ocean Hub resources that are available on the SSF Hub can be found here: https://ssfhub.org/contributing-organization/one-ocean-hub. The Hub contributed to three submissions to the call by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to give inputs on his upcoming report on fisheries: • The KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum provided evidence on limitations in public participation in decision-making in South Africa, including on oil and gas development, as well as ocean master plan and marine protected areas. In addition, the evidence called attention to the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' tenure. • Jackie Sunde, University of Cape Town, also provided evidence on the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa in the context of the expansion of marine transport, ports and energy infrastructure. The submission also noted the need to recognize women's contributions to the value chain in the traditional line fish sector, as it provides multiple sources of food to different groups in a community but is not factored into fisheries policy making and rights allocation. More information here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/e19cnpbel7h4a7lap7ked6fdch. • A submission by Elisa Morgera shared comparative insights from research in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia and in the Caribbean, about the misrecognition and disrespect of the cultural rights of small-scale fishers (their spiritual and cultural connections to marine spaces, their distinctive knowledge systems, and their customary laws) - within and outside the fisheries sector - as one of the root causes of the violations of their right to food, as well as their participation in relevant policy processes. This submission also pointed to: lack of strategic environmental assessments for various policy areas that negatively affect fisheries and marine biodiversity (such as mining, infrastructure development, tourism), as well as the lack of national legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for large-scale fisheries (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12462); the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; and good practices that have strengthened the recognition, protection and remedies for small-scale fishers (Empatheatre in South Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf; documentary on fishers' songs in Ghana, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf; documentary with displaced Indigenous peoples in Namibia, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; Coastal Justice Network in South Africa, https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/; and pop-up clinics to provide women in small-scale fishing communities legal advice, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf: and direct academic research and action towards their legal needs. Read the written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/m1aqqg2i11g7dmfa1ddsvqpvag. This collaboration has brought notable policy impacts. As explained above, Hub's research, experience, and practices have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. The Tool aims to support the identification of barriers and opportunities to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) in the Context of Food in national laws and policies. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022). This five-lesson course provides guidance on how to assess existing legal and policy frameworks for fisheries in a specific country, explains how to legislate for small-scale fisheries, and outlines the main components of small-scale fisheries-specific legislation. It aims at helping professionals engaged in dialogue on policy and legislation processes and actions at all levels relating to small-scale fisheries, as well as at academic institutions and members of the general public interested in the subject (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. In the context of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the collaborative research initiative One Ocean Hub have been collaborating to raise awareness of the full scope of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. This policy brief aims to clarify the scope of the international human rights-based approach, including the corresponding State obligations, and to highlight how the coherent protection of these rights supports the realization of multiple Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements (https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). • Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA (e.g. WWF, Blue Ventures. Significance of Hub's contributions was evident from invitation to Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, to present Hub's research findings at the official high-level closing ceremony of IYAFA at the FAO headquarters in Rome (see outcomes section of this entry). In 2024, the Hub is working with FAO, SSF Hub, and supporters of IYAFA to strategise and plan for the upcoming SSF Summit that will take place in July 2024. This collaboration has achieved societal impacts by (1) raising awareness on the needs, interests, and human rights of small-scale fishers among national and international stakeholders and (2) strengthening the capacity of a total of 1,466 stakeholders from diverse professional categories including small-scale fisher, researcher, public sector, NGO, and international organization from Africa, South Pacific, the Caribbean, Asia Europe and North America. Events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration have also strengthened gender equality because they speak to predominantly women audience. On average 56% of attendees were women. This is interesting because despite marine sector is a male dominated sector, all our events spoke to a predominately female audience, which also showed the interests and needs for capacity building for women in this field.
Impact Resultant Outcomes • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022, co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. Available from here https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries" published in October 2022, available from here: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881). • A joint policy brief by FAO, One Ocean Hub, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. Available from here: https://ssflex.fao.org/). • One Ocean Hub's small-scale fisheries focused webpage: https://oneoceanhub.org/iyafa/. Peer-reviewed journal articles • Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • Golo HK, Erinosho B. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • Ibrahim S and Golo HK. (2023). "Right to Culture in Marine Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Ghana: Reflections of FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Maritime Studies (under review, submitted September 2023). • Kulundu-Bolus I, McGarry D and Lotz-Sisitka R "Think Piece: Learning, Living and Leading into Transgression - A reflection on decolonial praxis in a neoliberal world." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 36, pp.111-130, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v36i1.14. • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Mbatha P (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Nakamura J, Weston JCL and Lennan M (2023). "International Legal Responses for Protecting Fishers' Fundamental Rights Impacted by a Changing Ocean." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38 (2023, pp. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10141. • Pereira T and Erwin K (2023). "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice, Ecosystems and People, 19:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Rudolph TB, Ruckelshaus M, Swilling M, Allison EH, Österblom H, Gelcich S & Mbatha P. (2020). "A transition to sustainable ocean governance." Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2 • Sowman M et al (2021). "Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Sowman M and Sunde J (2021). "A Just transition? Navigating the process of policy implementation in small-scale fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104683 • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. • Morgera E and Nakamura J, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2 Book chapters: • Ansah JW, Oduro GY, and Wilson D. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Christoffels-du Plessis A., Erinosha, B., Major L., Morgera E., Sunde J. and Vermeylen S. Navigating a sea of laws: Small-scale Fishing Communities and Customary Rights in Ghana and South Africa. In Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (Eds) The Palgrave Book of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan. Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Christoffels-Du Plessis, A., and Sunde, J. 2020. Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for small-scale fisheries in South Africa. In Kerezi, V., Nakamura, J., El Halimi, M., and Chuenpagdee, R. (Eds.) Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries: Global Illustrations. TBTI Global Publication Series, St. John's, NL, Canada, http://toobigtoignore.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/South-Africa_01.pdf • Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. • Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Kanyimba AT & Jonas MN (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15 • Warikandwa TV, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f • Warikandwa TW, Shakalela E, Libebe EL (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14. • Warikandwa TW (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • B Erinosho, L Major, E Morgera, J Sunde and S Vermeylen. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • JW Ansah, GY Oduro, and D Wilson. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Book chapter: E Morgera and J Nakamura, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • HK Golo, S Ibrahim, B Erinosho. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Blogposts and other publications summarising the events and engagements. • Erinosho B, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/. • Febrica S. "Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks," 29 November 2020, https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fisheries-and-blue-justice/. • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised a workshop on sustainable small-scale fisheries law," 28 April 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/1939-2/ • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised webinar on Namibia's small-scale fisheries," 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-food-and-agriculture-organization-and-the-one-ocean-hub-co-organised-webinar-on-namibias-small-scale-fisheries/. • Febrica S, Nakamura J, Sunde J & Warikandwa T, "Strengthening knowledge on national policy and law and their alignment with the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines," 31 January 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/. • Khan U, "Exploring the blue carbon potential in Namibia," 3 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-blue-carbon-potential-in-namibia/. • Morgera E, "Key messages: high level event on small-scale fishers' rights," June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/ • Mthombeni M, "I took my ancestors to the United Nations, and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs," 10 July 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Empatheatre - Changing Understandings and Engagements with ocean dependent communities: Lalela uLwandle," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives Through Documentary Filmmaking," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana -Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-Scale Fisheries," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-scale Fisheries," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact story: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives through Documentary Filmmaking," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Fishers' songs from Ghana to Glasgow - A documentary film 'Cocooned in harmony' screens at the Centre for contemporary arts, "6 April 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-songs-from-ghana-to-glasgow-a-documentary-film-cocooned-in-harmony-screens-at-the-centre-of-contemporary-arts/ • One Ocean Hub, "Partnering with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries," 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-for-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries/. • One Ocean Hub, "Opening a platform for women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana," 29 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ • One Ocean Hub, "Welcoming local NGOs as Hub partners in Ghana, Namibia and South Africa: from seaweed education to human rights legal support," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/welcoming-local-ngos-as-hub-partners-in-ghana-namibia-and-south-africa-from-seaweed-education-to-human-rights-legal-support/ • One Ocean Hub, "Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ • One Ocean Hub, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Pereira T, Francis B and McGarry D, "The unexpected impact of a letter to the minister from One Ocean Hub researchers resulting in an opportunity to facilitate counter hegemonic mapping into transgressive ocean decision making for Amathole Marine Protected Area, South Africa, 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researchers-resulting-in-an-opportunity-to-facilitate-counter-hegemonic-mapping-into-transgressive-ocean-decision-making-for-amath/ • Pereira Kaplan T , "The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment" judge rules in the Shell seismic survey case, 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ • Pereira Kaplan T, "Deepening partnerships with small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/. • Sowman M, Sunde J and Lambrecht M, "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the west coast of South Africa," 7 September 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ • Sunde J. (2022). "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121 https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ • Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. • Samuel MM, Tshiningayamwe S, Jonas M and Kanyimba A. "Exploring ocean benefits, challenges, and prospects with Namibian coastal communities," 4 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-ocean-benefits-challenges-and-prospects-with-namibian-coastal-communities/ • Sunde J, "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Tshiningayamwe S, "Working with marginalised communities for more equitable ocean decision-making and other news from Namibia," 27 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-marginalised-communities-for-more-equitable-ocean-decision-making-and-other-news-from-namibia/. • Veii A and Nghipangelwa S, "Working in a transdisciplinary team to understand climate vulnerability on recreational fishing in Namibia," 26 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part One)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part Two)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/ • Wilson D, "Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa," 1 March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ • Wilson D, "Customary law, tangible and intangible heritage, and ocean governance workshops," 27 June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/ Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • UN Ocean Conference side-event titled "Small in scale, big in value: Stocktaking, partnerships and solutions in support of small-scale fisheries" (led by FAO), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). For more information see here: https://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1529971/. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was invited to: Act as lead discussant at the Interactive dialogue 4 "Making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets," 29 June 2024, in the Tejo Hall of the Conference venue. The event was attended by 50 attendees. For further information, see here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/making-fisheries-sustainable-and-providing-access-small-scale-artisanal-fishers-marine; watch the recording here: https://media.un.org/en/asset/k18/k185g5nkrg Capacity Building Session for UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni in 2020 • Covid-19 Impacts on the South African Small Scale Fisheries Sector: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDeJJG3qt0E. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdbVNhHf6Q. This event was attended by 62 attendees. Workshops co-organised with FAO • Regional Training Workshop on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries, 12-15 April 2021 in South Africa, Namibia and Ghana (April 2021). A total of 177 attendees (57 attendees on Day 1; 47 attendees on Day 2; 43 attendees on Day 3 and 30 attendees on Day 4). • The FAO led Parallel session #4.1 - "SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database" at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress Africa, 21 November 2022. This event was attended by 100 attendees. • A series of two days events titled "Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries: Towards a National Plan of Action for Small Scale Fisheries in Namibia" on 10th-11th June 2021. These series were attended by 70 attendees. UN World Oceans Day Events • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording is available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU. This event was attended by 54 attendees. • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants. GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School • Professor Elisa Morgera and Dr Dylan McGarry presentations in for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: - Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • One Ocean Hub's three led panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022: - The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small scale fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Video, film outputs • Photo-story: Small-scale fishers and human rights, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhqzgSCjfug. • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • Defenders of the Ocean, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'COP27 Children and Youth Pavilion speaker: Camila Awo Dzidzor One Ocean Hub', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A
Start Year 2021
 
Description BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES 
Organisation United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organisation
Country Italy 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution This partnership began in 2021 through the FAO's existing programme to support national implementation of the FAO Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) through national legislation. To support this, One Ocean Hub co-hosted with FAO regional workshops with government, community, research, and NGO representation from Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, to identify legislative barriers to the implementation of the FAO voluntary SSF guidelines in each country, thereby contributing to national research, while co-developing a global instrument, the FAO SSF Policy and Legal diagnostic tool in April 2021. Co-design of the regional workshop with South African researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network allowed FAO to shift from a top-down approach that focused on discussing what international law requires from governments to an approach informed by local context, and responds to specific needs of SSF, through international law when national law falls short. Hub researchers facilitated SSF representatives' direct participation in the workshop in varied ways, including voice or video messages that communicated their priorities. SSF and government representatives, as well as non-legal researchers were made aware of how international law is (or is not) applied in the context of South Africa, Ghana and Namibia. This is now informing planning of further inter-disciplinary research that will guide strategies on partnerships with governments and SSF in Ghana. In addition, this regional event led to a follow-up event specifically for Namibia, in collaboration with the FAO, the Hub and the Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Namibia. The webinar series organised on 10-11 June 2021 was titled 'Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries.' It was aimed at providing the evidence required to support the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, which the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which was published in 2022 as part of its commitment to implement the FAO SSF Guidelines. The workshop provided an opportunity to integrate the early research findings from the One Ocean Hub into the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, notably with regard to the inclusion of the views of indigenous communities that have been displaced from the coast (Topnaar). This event led to an invitation for nominations for two experts to sit on Namibia's national task force on SSF (upon acceptance by the Ministry of Fisheries). The key research findings that were shared with FAO focused on the approaches to: • redress marginalisation of previously disadvantaged communities including those that have been historically removed from the coast e.g. the Topnaar community), and • address the diverse capacity-building needs of different stakeholder groups that are expected to benefit from or contribute to implementation (SSF associations, SSF women and youth, town councils, NGOs, and primary schools). In addition, FAO invited the Hub to co-develop two e-learning courses on implementation of the FAO Guidelines on SSF to be housed on the FAO E-learning Academy website (https://elearning.fao.org/). The courses are meant to respond to government officers' and fishers' needs respectively, to implement the FAO Guidelines. The latter will allow SSF to obtain an international certification on the FAO E-learning Academy that contributes to their professional development and recognition of SSF. Two papers by Hub colleagues in Ghana and South Africa were integrated as case studies in the first FAO e-learning course on SSF law and policy (in additions to insights arising from the joint Hub-FAO workshops). A new e-learning course will be co-developed in 2023 with a view to directly addressing the question and challenges of small-scale fishers in invoking international law and human rights in their daily interactions with authorities and other stakeholders, based on Hub partnerships with small-scale fishing organizations in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. In addition, this allowed the Hub to bring together FAO and UNEP into a joint event during World Oceans Week 2021 to discuss directly with SSF representatives from South Africa key challenges. Towards the end of 2021, the collaboration with FAO led to an ambitious joint programme of work to advance the human rights-based approach to small scale fisheries as part of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The joint programme of work advanced understanding of the multiple threats to the rights of small-scale fishers to have a voice in decisions affecting their lives, health, culture and livelihoods, and garner further support for small-scale fishers that act as environmental human rights defenders. We shared key research insights and supported small-scale fisheries representatives to speak directly about their human rights concerns in a high-level event at World Ocean Week (WOW) 2022, to the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment participated. In June 2022, the Hub was invited to join the panelists of the High-level Interactive Dialogue on Fisheries at the UN Ocean Conference, and shared on that occasion the key messages from the WOW event (see report summarising key messages shared during the event here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/). These were then published in late 2022 as the first joint policy brief between FAO and the UNOHCHR, together with the Hub: "Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals" (Available here: https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). This joint programme of work also furthered partnerships with various civil society organizations. WWF Accelerating Coastal Community Led Conservation Initiative for the Oceans Practice reached out to the Hub to join efforts for IYAFA, including joint events at the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 on the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. WWF further invited the One Ocean Hub to join: the Blue Food Alliance that aims to transform our food system to focus on health, justice, and environmental sustainability; and the SSF Network, which arose from the first SSF Summit in September 2022. In addition, Naturskyddsföreningen (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation), Blue Venture, the Too-Big-To-Ignore research programme, and the IUCN Specialist Group on People and the Ocean approached the Hub to contribute to the programme of work for IYAFA. All these civil society partners emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. For the official closing of IYAFA (March 2023), the FAO invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to speak at the high-level closing event and the Empatheatre team from South Africa to perform "Listen to the Sea" immediately afterwards. FAO and the Hub also co-organised a series of hybrid events prior to the closing event: a workshop on art-based approaches to the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa, to explore their replicability in UN and NGO projects (Wed 29th March); a hybrid training on human rights and fisheries with the UNOHCHR and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (29th March); and a hybrid roundtable on WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and small-scale fishers' human rights (31st March). As a result of these activities, the Hub's recommendations on integrating human rights in the agenda of the second SSF Summit (scheduled in July 2024; more information here: https://ssfhub.org/ssf-summit-2024) were included and the Hub was invited to become an official partner of the SSF Hub which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community, and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (November 2023). FAO invited Elisa Morgera to a workshop, 14-16 November 2023, (https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-workshop-towards-creating-an-enabling-environment-for-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries/), Rome that brought together regional and global partners, as well as from various countries, and small-scale fisheries organisations, for experience sharing and learning on the work conducted to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines worldwide, as well as exploring potential areas of future work and collaboration and further enhancing awareness and knowledge of the SSF Guidelines. https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ Finally, the Hub summarised key findings from all these activities in a written submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, who will devote his 2024 report to fisheries, with a focus on the SSF Guidelines. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy. • partner organisations based in the Global South: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; ICCA Consortium, Malaysia; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; Abalobi, South Africa; SmartFish AC, Mexico. • Research organization based in the Global North: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Switzerland; Blue Ventures, UK; Too Big To Ignore, Canada; The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty's Fisheries Working Group, Italy; Conservation International, US; Environmental Defense Fund, US; Fauna & Flora, UK; Blue Ventures, UK; Ocean Outcomes, US; Wildlife Conservation Society, US; Rare, US; WildAid, US; Future of Fish Seattle, US; International Institute for Environment and Development, UK; International Pole & Line Foundation, UK; Oceana, US.
Collaborator Contribution FAO supported the development of the Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) and had already run a pilot regional workshop on their implementation through legislation. FAO is a member of the Executive Team of the One Ocean Hub and based on the early findings from the Hub on the need to further clarify the human rights-based approach to fisheries (Morgera and Nakamura, 2021), FAO invited the Hub to co-develop a diagnostic tool, co-organize another regional workshop in Hub countries and develop further e-learning tools. FAO provided USD 37,450 of in-kind match funding from FAO consultants to support course development. To support the planning and the organisation of the joint programme for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries in 2022, the FAO and UNEP has also provided in-kind support, in the form of staff time. The expansion of the partnership to the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a first for the ocean community and has provided invaluable insights for the Hub researchers, and their UN and civil society partners on how to rely on the international human rights monitoring system to support small-scale fishers on the ground when governments are falling behind in implementing their international commitments. The partnership has brought together a new Hub's inter-disciplinary team that has connected research across disciplines and scales. University of Strathclyde, Law School, Nelson Mandela University, University of Cape Coast and University of Namibia provide legal expertise. Rhodes University, Cape Town University, University of Namibia and University of Cape Coast provide sociological research co-developed with small-scale fishing communities. As an inter-disciplinary and cross-scale group we made significant progress towards channeling available legal, technical and strategic international support towards ocean-dependent communities in focus countries, as well as upscaling relevant findings to benefit other ODA-recipient countries. We contributed to focusing international support on SSF according to their needs as co-identified with Hub researchers. Our cross-scale approach has also opened pathways for marshalling international support towards, indigenous peoples and coastal communities negatively affected by blue economy initiatives ("ocean defenders"), and women and children negatively affected by unsustainable uses of the ocean. Support at the international level lends cachet to local advocacy efforts and influences systemic change at the national level. We achieved this progress by developing work programmes with international partners that are active across scales (national, regional and international), forming a nested approach to pathways to the Hub's national and international impact, and by: • co-developing research from the outset with international partners; • systematically sharing early findings through partners' ongoing capacity-building activities or co-developing new capacity-building activities, to engage in direct dialogue with their beneficiary country representatives; • proactively sharing early findings that contribute to international partners' own planning and agenda-setting activities; and • strategically utilising the strength of Hub partnerships with international organisations to leverage further support towards Hub objectives from other international partners. In doing so, we have built the capacity of: • South African, Ghanaian and Namibian community representatives to engage directly in international debates, while addressing their practical constraints and other, more pressing demands on their time; • communities to participate in national policy-making processes; • researchers to engage directly with international partners, as an essential skillset for researchers who have not yet worked across scales, so they can develop meaningful cross-scale networks; and • international partners and processes to adapt their modalities to accommodate community representatives' needs. As part of the Hub's ongoing partnership with FAO, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa contributed to the development and launch of a new international database called SSF-LEX (https://ssflex.fao.org/) that serves to identify relevant national law and policy instruments for small-scale fisheries and to assess whether there is alignment with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. It provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The purpose of the database is to help identify good State practices and needs for improvements. Hub early-career researcher Julia Nakamura (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-led the team in FAO that developed SSF-LEX, while Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tapiwa Warikandwa (University of Namibia, Namibia) reviewed and contributed to the SSF-LEX's country profiles of Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa (More information on Hub's contributions to the SSF-LEX is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). Julia Nakamura co-organised the launch of 'SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database' at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress-Africa (Cape Town, South Africa, 21-23 November 2022) on 23 November 2022, with a view to addressing fisheries managers, legal practitioners, scientists, academics, governments representatives, non-governmental stakeholders, fishers, and fishing communities. Jackie Sunde was invited as a panelists, who reflected on the usefulness of SSF-LEX to fishers, academics and human rights lawyers, from the South African perspective (More information on the SSF-LEX launch event could be found here: https://www.fao.org/legal-services/news/news-detail/en/c/1624163/). In November 2023, the Hub became an official partner of the Small-Scale Fisheries Resource & Collaboration Hub ("SSF Hub"), which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The Hub has been participating in regular meetings with the SSF Hub partners, sharing research, approaches and resources to support the following vision: "Small-scale fisheries and communities that are resilient, thriving and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) (https://oneoceanhub.org/becoming-official-partners-of-the-ssf-hub/). In October 2023 the SSF Hub shared various resources in their online library/ resources database such as our video recordings of "Fostering Cooperation Among Relevant UN bodies to Advance Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights" organised for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 14 November 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fostering-cooperation-among-relevant-un-bodies-advance-small-scale-fishers-human-rights); "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities & Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" organized on 7 June 2023 for the UN World Oceans Day 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/exploring-challenges-opportunities-alliances-protection-small-scale-fishers-human-rights) and "A Fishing Heritage in Peril", Artwork from DEEP Fund Project 'Fishers Tales" (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fishing-heritage-peril-artwork-deep-fund-project-fishers-tales). A complete list of the One Ocean Hub resources that are available on the SSF Hub can be found here: https://ssfhub.org/contributing-organization/one-ocean-hub. The Hub contributed to three submissions to the call by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to give inputs on his upcoming report on fisheries: • The KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum provided evidence on limitations in public participation in decision-making in South Africa, including on oil and gas development, as well as ocean master plan and marine protected areas. In addition, the evidence called attention to the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' tenure. • Jackie Sunde, University of Cape Town, also provided evidence on the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa in the context of the expansion of marine transport, ports and energy infrastructure. The submission also noted the need to recognize women's contributions to the value chain in the traditional line fish sector, as it provides multiple sources of food to different groups in a community but is not factored into fisheries policy making and rights allocation. More information here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/e19cnpbel7h4a7lap7ked6fdch. • A submission by Elisa Morgera shared comparative insights from research in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia and in the Caribbean, about the misrecognition and disrespect of the cultural rights of small-scale fishers (their spiritual and cultural connections to marine spaces, their distinctive knowledge systems, and their customary laws) - within and outside the fisheries sector - as one of the root causes of the violations of their right to food, as well as their participation in relevant policy processes. This submission also pointed to: lack of strategic environmental assessments for various policy areas that negatively affect fisheries and marine biodiversity (such as mining, infrastructure development, tourism), as well as the lack of national legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for large-scale fisheries (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12462); the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; and good practices that have strengthened the recognition, protection and remedies for small-scale fishers (Empatheatre in South Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf; documentary on fishers' songs in Ghana, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf; documentary with displaced Indigenous peoples in Namibia, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; Coastal Justice Network in South Africa, https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/; and pop-up clinics to provide women in small-scale fishing communities legal advice, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf: and direct academic research and action towards their legal needs. Read the written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/m1aqqg2i11g7dmfa1ddsvqpvag. This collaboration has brought notable policy impacts. As explained above, Hub's research, experience, and practices have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. The Tool aims to support the identification of barriers and opportunities to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) in the Context of Food in national laws and policies. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022). This five-lesson course provides guidance on how to assess existing legal and policy frameworks for fisheries in a specific country, explains how to legislate for small-scale fisheries, and outlines the main components of small-scale fisheries-specific legislation. It aims at helping professionals engaged in dialogue on policy and legislation processes and actions at all levels relating to small-scale fisheries, as well as at academic institutions and members of the general public interested in the subject (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. In the context of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the collaborative research initiative One Ocean Hub have been collaborating to raise awareness of the full scope of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. This policy brief aims to clarify the scope of the international human rights-based approach, including the corresponding State obligations, and to highlight how the coherent protection of these rights supports the realization of multiple Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements (https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). • Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA (e.g. WWF, Blue Ventures. Significance of Hub's contributions was evident from invitation to Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, to present Hub's research findings at the official high-level closing ceremony of IYAFA at the FAO headquarters in Rome (see outcomes section of this entry). In 2024, the Hub is working with FAO, SSF Hub, and supporters of IYAFA to strategise and plan for the upcoming SSF Summit that will take place in July 2024. This collaboration has achieved societal impacts by (1) raising awareness on the needs, interests, and human rights of small-scale fishers among national and international stakeholders and (2) strengthening the capacity of a total of 1,466 stakeholders from diverse professional categories including small-scale fisher, researcher, public sector, NGO, and international organization from Africa, South Pacific, the Caribbean, Asia Europe and North America. Events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration have also strengthened gender equality because they speak to predominantly women audience. On average 56% of attendees were women. This is interesting because despite marine sector is a male dominated sector, all our events spoke to a predominately female audience, which also showed the interests and needs for capacity building for women in this field.
Impact Resultant Outcomes • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022, co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. Available from here https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries" published in October 2022, available from here: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881). • A joint policy brief by FAO, One Ocean Hub, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. Available from here: https://ssflex.fao.org/). • One Ocean Hub's small-scale fisheries focused webpage: https://oneoceanhub.org/iyafa/. Peer-reviewed journal articles • Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • Golo HK, Erinosho B. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • Ibrahim S and Golo HK. (2023). "Right to Culture in Marine Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Ghana: Reflections of FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Maritime Studies (under review, submitted September 2023). • Kulundu-Bolus I, McGarry D and Lotz-Sisitka R "Think Piece: Learning, Living and Leading into Transgression - A reflection on decolonial praxis in a neoliberal world." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 36, pp.111-130, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v36i1.14. • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Mbatha P (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Nakamura J, Weston JCL and Lennan M (2023). "International Legal Responses for Protecting Fishers' Fundamental Rights Impacted by a Changing Ocean." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38 (2023, pp. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10141. • Pereira T and Erwin K (2023). "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice, Ecosystems and People, 19:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Rudolph TB, Ruckelshaus M, Swilling M, Allison EH, Österblom H, Gelcich S & Mbatha P. (2020). "A transition to sustainable ocean governance." Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2 • Sowman M et al (2021). "Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Sowman M and Sunde J (2021). "A Just transition? Navigating the process of policy implementation in small-scale fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104683 • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. • Morgera E and Nakamura J, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2 Book chapters: • Ansah JW, Oduro GY, and Wilson D. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Christoffels-du Plessis A., Erinosha, B., Major L., Morgera E., Sunde J. and Vermeylen S. Navigating a sea of laws: Small-scale Fishing Communities and Customary Rights in Ghana and South Africa. In Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (Eds) The Palgrave Book of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan. Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Christoffels-Du Plessis, A., and Sunde, J. 2020. Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for small-scale fisheries in South Africa. In Kerezi, V., Nakamura, J., El Halimi, M., and Chuenpagdee, R. (Eds.) Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries: Global Illustrations. TBTI Global Publication Series, St. John's, NL, Canada, http://toobigtoignore.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/South-Africa_01.pdf • Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. • Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Kanyimba AT & Jonas MN (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15 • Warikandwa TV, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f • Warikandwa TW, Shakalela E, Libebe EL (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14. • Warikandwa TW (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • B Erinosho, L Major, E Morgera, J Sunde and S Vermeylen. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • JW Ansah, GY Oduro, and D Wilson. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Book chapter: E Morgera and J Nakamura, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • HK Golo, S Ibrahim, B Erinosho. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Blogposts and other publications summarising the events and engagements. • Erinosho B, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/. • Febrica S. "Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks," 29 November 2020, https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fisheries-and-blue-justice/. • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised a workshop on sustainable small-scale fisheries law," 28 April 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/1939-2/ • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised webinar on Namibia's small-scale fisheries," 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-food-and-agriculture-organization-and-the-one-ocean-hub-co-organised-webinar-on-namibias-small-scale-fisheries/. • Febrica S, Nakamura J, Sunde J & Warikandwa T, "Strengthening knowledge on national policy and law and their alignment with the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines," 31 January 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/. • Khan U, "Exploring the blue carbon potential in Namibia," 3 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-blue-carbon-potential-in-namibia/. • Morgera E, "Key messages: high level event on small-scale fishers' rights," June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/ • Mthombeni M, "I took my ancestors to the United Nations, and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs," 10 July 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Empatheatre - Changing Understandings and Engagements with ocean dependent communities: Lalela uLwandle," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives Through Documentary Filmmaking," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana -Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-Scale Fisheries," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-scale Fisheries," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact story: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives through Documentary Filmmaking," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Fishers' songs from Ghana to Glasgow - A documentary film 'Cocooned in harmony' screens at the Centre for contemporary arts, "6 April 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-songs-from-ghana-to-glasgow-a-documentary-film-cocooned-in-harmony-screens-at-the-centre-of-contemporary-arts/ • One Ocean Hub, "Partnering with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries," 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-for-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries/. • One Ocean Hub, "Opening a platform for women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana," 29 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ • One Ocean Hub, "Welcoming local NGOs as Hub partners in Ghana, Namibia and South Africa: from seaweed education to human rights legal support," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/welcoming-local-ngos-as-hub-partners-in-ghana-namibia-and-south-africa-from-seaweed-education-to-human-rights-legal-support/ • One Ocean Hub, "Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ • One Ocean Hub, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Pereira T, Francis B and McGarry D, "The unexpected impact of a letter to the minister from One Ocean Hub researchers resulting in an opportunity to facilitate counter hegemonic mapping into transgressive ocean decision making for Amathole Marine Protected Area, South Africa, 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researchers-resulting-in-an-opportunity-to-facilitate-counter-hegemonic-mapping-into-transgressive-ocean-decision-making-for-amath/ • Pereira Kaplan T , "The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment" judge rules in the Shell seismic survey case, 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ • Pereira Kaplan T, "Deepening partnerships with small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/. • Sowman M, Sunde J and Lambrecht M, "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the west coast of South Africa," 7 September 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ • Sunde J. (2022). "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121 https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ • Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. • Samuel MM, Tshiningayamwe S, Jonas M and Kanyimba A. "Exploring ocean benefits, challenges, and prospects with Namibian coastal communities," 4 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-ocean-benefits-challenges-and-prospects-with-namibian-coastal-communities/ • Sunde J, "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Tshiningayamwe S, "Working with marginalised communities for more equitable ocean decision-making and other news from Namibia," 27 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-marginalised-communities-for-more-equitable-ocean-decision-making-and-other-news-from-namibia/. • Veii A and Nghipangelwa S, "Working in a transdisciplinary team to understand climate vulnerability on recreational fishing in Namibia," 26 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part One)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part Two)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/ • Wilson D, "Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa," 1 March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ • Wilson D, "Customary law, tangible and intangible heritage, and ocean governance workshops," 27 June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/ Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • UN Ocean Conference side-event titled "Small in scale, big in value: Stocktaking, partnerships and solutions in support of small-scale fisheries" (led by FAO), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). For more information see here: https://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1529971/. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was invited to: Act as lead discussant at the Interactive dialogue 4 "Making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets," 29 June 2024, in the Tejo Hall of the Conference venue. The event was attended by 50 attendees. For further information, see here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/making-fisheries-sustainable-and-providing-access-small-scale-artisanal-fishers-marine; watch the recording here: https://media.un.org/en/asset/k18/k185g5nkrg Capacity Building Session for UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni in 2020 • Covid-19 Impacts on the South African Small Scale Fisheries Sector: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDeJJG3qt0E. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdbVNhHf6Q. This event was attended by 62 attendees. Workshops co-organised with FAO • Regional Training Workshop on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries, 12-15 April 2021 in South Africa, Namibia and Ghana (April 2021). A total of 177 attendees (57 attendees on Day 1; 47 attendees on Day 2; 43 attendees on Day 3 and 30 attendees on Day 4). • The FAO led Parallel session #4.1 - "SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database" at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress Africa, 21 November 2022. This event was attended by 100 attendees. • A series of two days events titled "Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries: Towards a National Plan of Action for Small Scale Fisheries in Namibia" on 10th-11th June 2021. These series were attended by 70 attendees. UN World Oceans Day Events • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording is available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU. This event was attended by 54 attendees. • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants. GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School • Professor Elisa Morgera and Dr Dylan McGarry presentations in for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: - Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • One Ocean Hub's three led panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022: - The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small scale fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Video, film outputs • Photo-story: Small-scale fishers and human rights, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhqzgSCjfug. • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • Defenders of the Ocean, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'COP27 Children and Youth Pavilion speaker: Camila Awo Dzidzor One Ocean Hub', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A
Start Year 2021
 
Description BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES 
Organisation University of Aveiro
Department Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies
Country Portugal 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution This partnership began in 2021 through the FAO's existing programme to support national implementation of the FAO Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) through national legislation. To support this, One Ocean Hub co-hosted with FAO regional workshops with government, community, research, and NGO representation from Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, to identify legislative barriers to the implementation of the FAO voluntary SSF guidelines in each country, thereby contributing to national research, while co-developing a global instrument, the FAO SSF Policy and Legal diagnostic tool in April 2021. Co-design of the regional workshop with South African researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network allowed FAO to shift from a top-down approach that focused on discussing what international law requires from governments to an approach informed by local context, and responds to specific needs of SSF, through international law when national law falls short. Hub researchers facilitated SSF representatives' direct participation in the workshop in varied ways, including voice or video messages that communicated their priorities. SSF and government representatives, as well as non-legal researchers were made aware of how international law is (or is not) applied in the context of South Africa, Ghana and Namibia. This is now informing planning of further inter-disciplinary research that will guide strategies on partnerships with governments and SSF in Ghana. In addition, this regional event led to a follow-up event specifically for Namibia, in collaboration with the FAO, the Hub and the Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Namibia. The webinar series organised on 10-11 June 2021 was titled 'Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries.' It was aimed at providing the evidence required to support the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, which the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which was published in 2022 as part of its commitment to implement the FAO SSF Guidelines. The workshop provided an opportunity to integrate the early research findings from the One Ocean Hub into the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, notably with regard to the inclusion of the views of indigenous communities that have been displaced from the coast (Topnaar). This event led to an invitation for nominations for two experts to sit on Namibia's national task force on SSF (upon acceptance by the Ministry of Fisheries). The key research findings that were shared with FAO focused on the approaches to: • redress marginalisation of previously disadvantaged communities including those that have been historically removed from the coast e.g. the Topnaar community), and • address the diverse capacity-building needs of different stakeholder groups that are expected to benefit from or contribute to implementation (SSF associations, SSF women and youth, town councils, NGOs, and primary schools). In addition, FAO invited the Hub to co-develop two e-learning courses on implementation of the FAO Guidelines on SSF to be housed on the FAO E-learning Academy website (https://elearning.fao.org/). The courses are meant to respond to government officers' and fishers' needs respectively, to implement the FAO Guidelines. The latter will allow SSF to obtain an international certification on the FAO E-learning Academy that contributes to their professional development and recognition of SSF. Two papers by Hub colleagues in Ghana and South Africa were integrated as case studies in the first FAO e-learning course on SSF law and policy (in additions to insights arising from the joint Hub-FAO workshops). A new e-learning course will be co-developed in 2023 with a view to directly addressing the question and challenges of small-scale fishers in invoking international law and human rights in their daily interactions with authorities and other stakeholders, based on Hub partnerships with small-scale fishing organizations in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. In addition, this allowed the Hub to bring together FAO and UNEP into a joint event during World Oceans Week 2021 to discuss directly with SSF representatives from South Africa key challenges. Towards the end of 2021, the collaboration with FAO led to an ambitious joint programme of work to advance the human rights-based approach to small scale fisheries as part of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The joint programme of work advanced understanding of the multiple threats to the rights of small-scale fishers to have a voice in decisions affecting their lives, health, culture and livelihoods, and garner further support for small-scale fishers that act as environmental human rights defenders. We shared key research insights and supported small-scale fisheries representatives to speak directly about their human rights concerns in a high-level event at World Ocean Week (WOW) 2022, to the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment participated. In June 2022, the Hub was invited to join the panelists of the High-level Interactive Dialogue on Fisheries at the UN Ocean Conference, and shared on that occasion the key messages from the WOW event (see report summarising key messages shared during the event here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/). These were then published in late 2022 as the first joint policy brief between FAO and the UNOHCHR, together with the Hub: "Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals" (Available here: https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). This joint programme of work also furthered partnerships with various civil society organizations. WWF Accelerating Coastal Community Led Conservation Initiative for the Oceans Practice reached out to the Hub to join efforts for IYAFA, including joint events at the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 on the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. WWF further invited the One Ocean Hub to join: the Blue Food Alliance that aims to transform our food system to focus on health, justice, and environmental sustainability; and the SSF Network, which arose from the first SSF Summit in September 2022. In addition, Naturskyddsföreningen (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation), Blue Venture, the Too-Big-To-Ignore research programme, and the IUCN Specialist Group on People and the Ocean approached the Hub to contribute to the programme of work for IYAFA. All these civil society partners emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. For the official closing of IYAFA (March 2023), the FAO invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to speak at the high-level closing event and the Empatheatre team from South Africa to perform "Listen to the Sea" immediately afterwards. FAO and the Hub also co-organised a series of hybrid events prior to the closing event: a workshop on art-based approaches to the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa, to explore their replicability in UN and NGO projects (Wed 29th March); a hybrid training on human rights and fisheries with the UNOHCHR and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (29th March); and a hybrid roundtable on WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and small-scale fishers' human rights (31st March). As a result of these activities, the Hub's recommendations on integrating human rights in the agenda of the second SSF Summit (scheduled in July 2024; more information here: https://ssfhub.org/ssf-summit-2024) were included and the Hub was invited to become an official partner of the SSF Hub which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community, and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (November 2023). FAO invited Elisa Morgera to a workshop, 14-16 November 2023, (https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-workshop-towards-creating-an-enabling-environment-for-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries/), Rome that brought together regional and global partners, as well as from various countries, and small-scale fisheries organisations, for experience sharing and learning on the work conducted to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines worldwide, as well as exploring potential areas of future work and collaboration and further enhancing awareness and knowledge of the SSF Guidelines. https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ Finally, the Hub summarised key findings from all these activities in a written submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, who will devote his 2024 report to fisheries, with a focus on the SSF Guidelines. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy. • partner organisations based in the Global South: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; ICCA Consortium, Malaysia; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; Abalobi, South Africa; SmartFish AC, Mexico. • Research organization based in the Global North: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Switzerland; Blue Ventures, UK; Too Big To Ignore, Canada; The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty's Fisheries Working Group, Italy; Conservation International, US; Environmental Defense Fund, US; Fauna & Flora, UK; Blue Ventures, UK; Ocean Outcomes, US; Wildlife Conservation Society, US; Rare, US; WildAid, US; Future of Fish Seattle, US; International Institute for Environment and Development, UK; International Pole & Line Foundation, UK; Oceana, US.
Collaborator Contribution FAO supported the development of the Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) and had already run a pilot regional workshop on their implementation through legislation. FAO is a member of the Executive Team of the One Ocean Hub and based on the early findings from the Hub on the need to further clarify the human rights-based approach to fisheries (Morgera and Nakamura, 2021), FAO invited the Hub to co-develop a diagnostic tool, co-organize another regional workshop in Hub countries and develop further e-learning tools. FAO provided USD 37,450 of in-kind match funding from FAO consultants to support course development. To support the planning and the organisation of the joint programme for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries in 2022, the FAO and UNEP has also provided in-kind support, in the form of staff time. The expansion of the partnership to the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a first for the ocean community and has provided invaluable insights for the Hub researchers, and their UN and civil society partners on how to rely on the international human rights monitoring system to support small-scale fishers on the ground when governments are falling behind in implementing their international commitments. The partnership has brought together a new Hub's inter-disciplinary team that has connected research across disciplines and scales. University of Strathclyde, Law School, Nelson Mandela University, University of Cape Coast and University of Namibia provide legal expertise. Rhodes University, Cape Town University, University of Namibia and University of Cape Coast provide sociological research co-developed with small-scale fishing communities. As an inter-disciplinary and cross-scale group we made significant progress towards channeling available legal, technical and strategic international support towards ocean-dependent communities in focus countries, as well as upscaling relevant findings to benefit other ODA-recipient countries. We contributed to focusing international support on SSF according to their needs as co-identified with Hub researchers. Our cross-scale approach has also opened pathways for marshalling international support towards, indigenous peoples and coastal communities negatively affected by blue economy initiatives ("ocean defenders"), and women and children negatively affected by unsustainable uses of the ocean. Support at the international level lends cachet to local advocacy efforts and influences systemic change at the national level. We achieved this progress by developing work programmes with international partners that are active across scales (national, regional and international), forming a nested approach to pathways to the Hub's national and international impact, and by: • co-developing research from the outset with international partners; • systematically sharing early findings through partners' ongoing capacity-building activities or co-developing new capacity-building activities, to engage in direct dialogue with their beneficiary country representatives; • proactively sharing early findings that contribute to international partners' own planning and agenda-setting activities; and • strategically utilising the strength of Hub partnerships with international organisations to leverage further support towards Hub objectives from other international partners. In doing so, we have built the capacity of: • South African, Ghanaian and Namibian community representatives to engage directly in international debates, while addressing their practical constraints and other, more pressing demands on their time; • communities to participate in national policy-making processes; • researchers to engage directly with international partners, as an essential skillset for researchers who have not yet worked across scales, so they can develop meaningful cross-scale networks; and • international partners and processes to adapt their modalities to accommodate community representatives' needs. As part of the Hub's ongoing partnership with FAO, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa contributed to the development and launch of a new international database called SSF-LEX (https://ssflex.fao.org/) that serves to identify relevant national law and policy instruments for small-scale fisheries and to assess whether there is alignment with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. It provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The purpose of the database is to help identify good State practices and needs for improvements. Hub early-career researcher Julia Nakamura (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-led the team in FAO that developed SSF-LEX, while Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tapiwa Warikandwa (University of Namibia, Namibia) reviewed and contributed to the SSF-LEX's country profiles of Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa (More information on Hub's contributions to the SSF-LEX is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). Julia Nakamura co-organised the launch of 'SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database' at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress-Africa (Cape Town, South Africa, 21-23 November 2022) on 23 November 2022, with a view to addressing fisheries managers, legal practitioners, scientists, academics, governments representatives, non-governmental stakeholders, fishers, and fishing communities. Jackie Sunde was invited as a panelists, who reflected on the usefulness of SSF-LEX to fishers, academics and human rights lawyers, from the South African perspective (More information on the SSF-LEX launch event could be found here: https://www.fao.org/legal-services/news/news-detail/en/c/1624163/). In November 2023, the Hub became an official partner of the Small-Scale Fisheries Resource & Collaboration Hub ("SSF Hub"), which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The Hub has been participating in regular meetings with the SSF Hub partners, sharing research, approaches and resources to support the following vision: "Small-scale fisheries and communities that are resilient, thriving and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) (https://oneoceanhub.org/becoming-official-partners-of-the-ssf-hub/). In October 2023 the SSF Hub shared various resources in their online library/ resources database such as our video recordings of "Fostering Cooperation Among Relevant UN bodies to Advance Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights" organised for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 14 November 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fostering-cooperation-among-relevant-un-bodies-advance-small-scale-fishers-human-rights); "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities & Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" organized on 7 June 2023 for the UN World Oceans Day 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/exploring-challenges-opportunities-alliances-protection-small-scale-fishers-human-rights) and "A Fishing Heritage in Peril", Artwork from DEEP Fund Project 'Fishers Tales" (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fishing-heritage-peril-artwork-deep-fund-project-fishers-tales). A complete list of the One Ocean Hub resources that are available on the SSF Hub can be found here: https://ssfhub.org/contributing-organization/one-ocean-hub. The Hub contributed to three submissions to the call by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to give inputs on his upcoming report on fisheries: • The KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum provided evidence on limitations in public participation in decision-making in South Africa, including on oil and gas development, as well as ocean master plan and marine protected areas. In addition, the evidence called attention to the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' tenure. • Jackie Sunde, University of Cape Town, also provided evidence on the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa in the context of the expansion of marine transport, ports and energy infrastructure. The submission also noted the need to recognize women's contributions to the value chain in the traditional line fish sector, as it provides multiple sources of food to different groups in a community but is not factored into fisheries policy making and rights allocation. More information here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/e19cnpbel7h4a7lap7ked6fdch. • A submission by Elisa Morgera shared comparative insights from research in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia and in the Caribbean, about the misrecognition and disrespect of the cultural rights of small-scale fishers (their spiritual and cultural connections to marine spaces, their distinctive knowledge systems, and their customary laws) - within and outside the fisheries sector - as one of the root causes of the violations of their right to food, as well as their participation in relevant policy processes. This submission also pointed to: lack of strategic environmental assessments for various policy areas that negatively affect fisheries and marine biodiversity (such as mining, infrastructure development, tourism), as well as the lack of national legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for large-scale fisheries (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12462); the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; and good practices that have strengthened the recognition, protection and remedies for small-scale fishers (Empatheatre in South Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf; documentary on fishers' songs in Ghana, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf; documentary with displaced Indigenous peoples in Namibia, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; Coastal Justice Network in South Africa, https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/; and pop-up clinics to provide women in small-scale fishing communities legal advice, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf: and direct academic research and action towards their legal needs. Read the written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/m1aqqg2i11g7dmfa1ddsvqpvag. This collaboration has brought notable policy impacts. As explained above, Hub's research, experience, and practices have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. The Tool aims to support the identification of barriers and opportunities to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) in the Context of Food in national laws and policies. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022). This five-lesson course provides guidance on how to assess existing legal and policy frameworks for fisheries in a specific country, explains how to legislate for small-scale fisheries, and outlines the main components of small-scale fisheries-specific legislation. It aims at helping professionals engaged in dialogue on policy and legislation processes and actions at all levels relating to small-scale fisheries, as well as at academic institutions and members of the general public interested in the subject (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. In the context of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the collaborative research initiative One Ocean Hub have been collaborating to raise awareness of the full scope of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. This policy brief aims to clarify the scope of the international human rights-based approach, including the corresponding State obligations, and to highlight how the coherent protection of these rights supports the realization of multiple Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements (https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). • Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA (e.g. WWF, Blue Ventures. Significance of Hub's contributions was evident from invitation to Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, to present Hub's research findings at the official high-level closing ceremony of IYAFA at the FAO headquarters in Rome (see outcomes section of this entry). In 2024, the Hub is working with FAO, SSF Hub, and supporters of IYAFA to strategise and plan for the upcoming SSF Summit that will take place in July 2024. This collaboration has achieved societal impacts by (1) raising awareness on the needs, interests, and human rights of small-scale fishers among national and international stakeholders and (2) strengthening the capacity of a total of 1,466 stakeholders from diverse professional categories including small-scale fisher, researcher, public sector, NGO, and international organization from Africa, South Pacific, the Caribbean, Asia Europe and North America. Events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration have also strengthened gender equality because they speak to predominantly women audience. On average 56% of attendees were women. This is interesting because despite marine sector is a male dominated sector, all our events spoke to a predominately female audience, which also showed the interests and needs for capacity building for women in this field.
Impact Resultant Outcomes • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022, co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. Available from here https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries" published in October 2022, available from here: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881). • A joint policy brief by FAO, One Ocean Hub, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. Available from here: https://ssflex.fao.org/). • One Ocean Hub's small-scale fisheries focused webpage: https://oneoceanhub.org/iyafa/. Peer-reviewed journal articles • Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • Golo HK, Erinosho B. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • Ibrahim S and Golo HK. (2023). "Right to Culture in Marine Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Ghana: Reflections of FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Maritime Studies (under review, submitted September 2023). • Kulundu-Bolus I, McGarry D and Lotz-Sisitka R "Think Piece: Learning, Living and Leading into Transgression - A reflection on decolonial praxis in a neoliberal world." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 36, pp.111-130, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v36i1.14. • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Mbatha P (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Nakamura J, Weston JCL and Lennan M (2023). "International Legal Responses for Protecting Fishers' Fundamental Rights Impacted by a Changing Ocean." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38 (2023, pp. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10141. • Pereira T and Erwin K (2023). "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice, Ecosystems and People, 19:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Rudolph TB, Ruckelshaus M, Swilling M, Allison EH, Österblom H, Gelcich S & Mbatha P. (2020). "A transition to sustainable ocean governance." Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2 • Sowman M et al (2021). "Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Sowman M and Sunde J (2021). "A Just transition? Navigating the process of policy implementation in small-scale fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104683 • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. • Morgera E and Nakamura J, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2 Book chapters: • Ansah JW, Oduro GY, and Wilson D. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Christoffels-du Plessis A., Erinosha, B., Major L., Morgera E., Sunde J. and Vermeylen S. Navigating a sea of laws: Small-scale Fishing Communities and Customary Rights in Ghana and South Africa. In Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (Eds) The Palgrave Book of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan. Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Christoffels-Du Plessis, A., and Sunde, J. 2020. Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for small-scale fisheries in South Africa. In Kerezi, V., Nakamura, J., El Halimi, M., and Chuenpagdee, R. (Eds.) Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries: Global Illustrations. TBTI Global Publication Series, St. John's, NL, Canada, http://toobigtoignore.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/South-Africa_01.pdf • Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. • Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Kanyimba AT & Jonas MN (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15 • Warikandwa TV, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f • Warikandwa TW, Shakalela E, Libebe EL (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14. • Warikandwa TW (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • B Erinosho, L Major, E Morgera, J Sunde and S Vermeylen. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • JW Ansah, GY Oduro, and D Wilson. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Book chapter: E Morgera and J Nakamura, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • HK Golo, S Ibrahim, B Erinosho. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Blogposts and other publications summarising the events and engagements. • Erinosho B, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/. • Febrica S. "Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks," 29 November 2020, https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fisheries-and-blue-justice/. • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised a workshop on sustainable small-scale fisheries law," 28 April 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/1939-2/ • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised webinar on Namibia's small-scale fisheries," 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-food-and-agriculture-organization-and-the-one-ocean-hub-co-organised-webinar-on-namibias-small-scale-fisheries/. • Febrica S, Nakamura J, Sunde J & Warikandwa T, "Strengthening knowledge on national policy and law and their alignment with the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines," 31 January 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/. • Khan U, "Exploring the blue carbon potential in Namibia," 3 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-blue-carbon-potential-in-namibia/. • Morgera E, "Key messages: high level event on small-scale fishers' rights," June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/ • Mthombeni M, "I took my ancestors to the United Nations, and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs," 10 July 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Empatheatre - Changing Understandings and Engagements with ocean dependent communities: Lalela uLwandle," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives Through Documentary Filmmaking," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana -Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-Scale Fisheries," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-scale Fisheries," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact story: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives through Documentary Filmmaking," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Fishers' songs from Ghana to Glasgow - A documentary film 'Cocooned in harmony' screens at the Centre for contemporary arts, "6 April 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-songs-from-ghana-to-glasgow-a-documentary-film-cocooned-in-harmony-screens-at-the-centre-of-contemporary-arts/ • One Ocean Hub, "Partnering with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries," 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-for-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries/. • One Ocean Hub, "Opening a platform for women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana," 29 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ • One Ocean Hub, "Welcoming local NGOs as Hub partners in Ghana, Namibia and South Africa: from seaweed education to human rights legal support," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/welcoming-local-ngos-as-hub-partners-in-ghana-namibia-and-south-africa-from-seaweed-education-to-human-rights-legal-support/ • One Ocean Hub, "Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ • One Ocean Hub, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Pereira T, Francis B and McGarry D, "The unexpected impact of a letter to the minister from One Ocean Hub researchers resulting in an opportunity to facilitate counter hegemonic mapping into transgressive ocean decision making for Amathole Marine Protected Area, South Africa, 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researchers-resulting-in-an-opportunity-to-facilitate-counter-hegemonic-mapping-into-transgressive-ocean-decision-making-for-amath/ • Pereira Kaplan T , "The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment" judge rules in the Shell seismic survey case, 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ • Pereira Kaplan T, "Deepening partnerships with small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/. • Sowman M, Sunde J and Lambrecht M, "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the west coast of South Africa," 7 September 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ • Sunde J. (2022). "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121 https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ • Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. • Samuel MM, Tshiningayamwe S, Jonas M and Kanyimba A. "Exploring ocean benefits, challenges, and prospects with Namibian coastal communities," 4 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-ocean-benefits-challenges-and-prospects-with-namibian-coastal-communities/ • Sunde J, "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Tshiningayamwe S, "Working with marginalised communities for more equitable ocean decision-making and other news from Namibia," 27 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-marginalised-communities-for-more-equitable-ocean-decision-making-and-other-news-from-namibia/. • Veii A and Nghipangelwa S, "Working in a transdisciplinary team to understand climate vulnerability on recreational fishing in Namibia," 26 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part One)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part Two)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/ • Wilson D, "Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa," 1 March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ • Wilson D, "Customary law, tangible and intangible heritage, and ocean governance workshops," 27 June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/ Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • UN Ocean Conference side-event titled "Small in scale, big in value: Stocktaking, partnerships and solutions in support of small-scale fisheries" (led by FAO), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). For more information see here: https://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1529971/. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was invited to: Act as lead discussant at the Interactive dialogue 4 "Making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets," 29 June 2024, in the Tejo Hall of the Conference venue. The event was attended by 50 attendees. For further information, see here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/making-fisheries-sustainable-and-providing-access-small-scale-artisanal-fishers-marine; watch the recording here: https://media.un.org/en/asset/k18/k185g5nkrg Capacity Building Session for UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni in 2020 • Covid-19 Impacts on the South African Small Scale Fisheries Sector: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDeJJG3qt0E. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdbVNhHf6Q. This event was attended by 62 attendees. Workshops co-organised with FAO • Regional Training Workshop on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries, 12-15 April 2021 in South Africa, Namibia and Ghana (April 2021). A total of 177 attendees (57 attendees on Day 1; 47 attendees on Day 2; 43 attendees on Day 3 and 30 attendees on Day 4). • The FAO led Parallel session #4.1 - "SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database" at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress Africa, 21 November 2022. This event was attended by 100 attendees. • A series of two days events titled "Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries: Towards a National Plan of Action for Small Scale Fisheries in Namibia" on 10th-11th June 2021. These series were attended by 70 attendees. UN World Oceans Day Events • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording is available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU. This event was attended by 54 attendees. • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants. GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School • Professor Elisa Morgera and Dr Dylan McGarry presentations in for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: - Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • One Ocean Hub's three led panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022: - The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small scale fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Video, film outputs • Photo-story: Small-scale fishers and human rights, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhqzgSCjfug. • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • Defenders of the Ocean, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'COP27 Children and Youth Pavilion speaker: Camila Awo Dzidzor One Ocean Hub', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A
Start Year 2021
 
Description BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES 
Organisation University of Cape Coast
Country Ghana 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution This partnership began in 2021 through the FAO's existing programme to support national implementation of the FAO Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) through national legislation. To support this, One Ocean Hub co-hosted with FAO regional workshops with government, community, research, and NGO representation from Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, to identify legislative barriers to the implementation of the FAO voluntary SSF guidelines in each country, thereby contributing to national research, while co-developing a global instrument, the FAO SSF Policy and Legal diagnostic tool in April 2021. Co-design of the regional workshop with South African researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network allowed FAO to shift from a top-down approach that focused on discussing what international law requires from governments to an approach informed by local context, and responds to specific needs of SSF, through international law when national law falls short. Hub researchers facilitated SSF representatives' direct participation in the workshop in varied ways, including voice or video messages that communicated their priorities. SSF and government representatives, as well as non-legal researchers were made aware of how international law is (or is not) applied in the context of South Africa, Ghana and Namibia. This is now informing planning of further inter-disciplinary research that will guide strategies on partnerships with governments and SSF in Ghana. In addition, this regional event led to a follow-up event specifically for Namibia, in collaboration with the FAO, the Hub and the Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Namibia. The webinar series organised on 10-11 June 2021 was titled 'Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries.' It was aimed at providing the evidence required to support the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, which the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which was published in 2022 as part of its commitment to implement the FAO SSF Guidelines. The workshop provided an opportunity to integrate the early research findings from the One Ocean Hub into the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, notably with regard to the inclusion of the views of indigenous communities that have been displaced from the coast (Topnaar). This event led to an invitation for nominations for two experts to sit on Namibia's national task force on SSF (upon acceptance by the Ministry of Fisheries). The key research findings that were shared with FAO focused on the approaches to: • redress marginalisation of previously disadvantaged communities including those that have been historically removed from the coast e.g. the Topnaar community), and • address the diverse capacity-building needs of different stakeholder groups that are expected to benefit from or contribute to implementation (SSF associations, SSF women and youth, town councils, NGOs, and primary schools). In addition, FAO invited the Hub to co-develop two e-learning courses on implementation of the FAO Guidelines on SSF to be housed on the FAO E-learning Academy website (https://elearning.fao.org/). The courses are meant to respond to government officers' and fishers' needs respectively, to implement the FAO Guidelines. The latter will allow SSF to obtain an international certification on the FAO E-learning Academy that contributes to their professional development and recognition of SSF. Two papers by Hub colleagues in Ghana and South Africa were integrated as case studies in the first FAO e-learning course on SSF law and policy (in additions to insights arising from the joint Hub-FAO workshops). A new e-learning course will be co-developed in 2023 with a view to directly addressing the question and challenges of small-scale fishers in invoking international law and human rights in their daily interactions with authorities and other stakeholders, based on Hub partnerships with small-scale fishing organizations in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. In addition, this allowed the Hub to bring together FAO and UNEP into a joint event during World Oceans Week 2021 to discuss directly with SSF representatives from South Africa key challenges. Towards the end of 2021, the collaboration with FAO led to an ambitious joint programme of work to advance the human rights-based approach to small scale fisheries as part of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The joint programme of work advanced understanding of the multiple threats to the rights of small-scale fishers to have a voice in decisions affecting their lives, health, culture and livelihoods, and garner further support for small-scale fishers that act as environmental human rights defenders. We shared key research insights and supported small-scale fisheries representatives to speak directly about their human rights concerns in a high-level event at World Ocean Week (WOW) 2022, to the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment participated. In June 2022, the Hub was invited to join the panelists of the High-level Interactive Dialogue on Fisheries at the UN Ocean Conference, and shared on that occasion the key messages from the WOW event (see report summarising key messages shared during the event here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/). These were then published in late 2022 as the first joint policy brief between FAO and the UNOHCHR, together with the Hub: "Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals" (Available here: https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). This joint programme of work also furthered partnerships with various civil society organizations. WWF Accelerating Coastal Community Led Conservation Initiative for the Oceans Practice reached out to the Hub to join efforts for IYAFA, including joint events at the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 on the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. WWF further invited the One Ocean Hub to join: the Blue Food Alliance that aims to transform our food system to focus on health, justice, and environmental sustainability; and the SSF Network, which arose from the first SSF Summit in September 2022. In addition, Naturskyddsföreningen (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation), Blue Venture, the Too-Big-To-Ignore research programme, and the IUCN Specialist Group on People and the Ocean approached the Hub to contribute to the programme of work for IYAFA. All these civil society partners emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. For the official closing of IYAFA (March 2023), the FAO invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to speak at the high-level closing event and the Empatheatre team from South Africa to perform "Listen to the Sea" immediately afterwards. FAO and the Hub also co-organised a series of hybrid events prior to the closing event: a workshop on art-based approaches to the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa, to explore their replicability in UN and NGO projects (Wed 29th March); a hybrid training on human rights and fisheries with the UNOHCHR and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (29th March); and a hybrid roundtable on WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and small-scale fishers' human rights (31st March). As a result of these activities, the Hub's recommendations on integrating human rights in the agenda of the second SSF Summit (scheduled in July 2024; more information here: https://ssfhub.org/ssf-summit-2024) were included and the Hub was invited to become an official partner of the SSF Hub which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community, and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (November 2023). FAO invited Elisa Morgera to a workshop, 14-16 November 2023, (https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-workshop-towards-creating-an-enabling-environment-for-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries/), Rome that brought together regional and global partners, as well as from various countries, and small-scale fisheries organisations, for experience sharing and learning on the work conducted to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines worldwide, as well as exploring potential areas of future work and collaboration and further enhancing awareness and knowledge of the SSF Guidelines. https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ Finally, the Hub summarised key findings from all these activities in a written submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, who will devote his 2024 report to fisheries, with a focus on the SSF Guidelines. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy. • partner organisations based in the Global South: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; ICCA Consortium, Malaysia; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; Abalobi, South Africa; SmartFish AC, Mexico. • Research organization based in the Global North: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Switzerland; Blue Ventures, UK; Too Big To Ignore, Canada; The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty's Fisheries Working Group, Italy; Conservation International, US; Environmental Defense Fund, US; Fauna & Flora, UK; Blue Ventures, UK; Ocean Outcomes, US; Wildlife Conservation Society, US; Rare, US; WildAid, US; Future of Fish Seattle, US; International Institute for Environment and Development, UK; International Pole & Line Foundation, UK; Oceana, US.
Collaborator Contribution FAO supported the development of the Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) and had already run a pilot regional workshop on their implementation through legislation. FAO is a member of the Executive Team of the One Ocean Hub and based on the early findings from the Hub on the need to further clarify the human rights-based approach to fisheries (Morgera and Nakamura, 2021), FAO invited the Hub to co-develop a diagnostic tool, co-organize another regional workshop in Hub countries and develop further e-learning tools. FAO provided USD 37,450 of in-kind match funding from FAO consultants to support course development. To support the planning and the organisation of the joint programme for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries in 2022, the FAO and UNEP has also provided in-kind support, in the form of staff time. The expansion of the partnership to the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a first for the ocean community and has provided invaluable insights for the Hub researchers, and their UN and civil society partners on how to rely on the international human rights monitoring system to support small-scale fishers on the ground when governments are falling behind in implementing their international commitments. The partnership has brought together a new Hub's inter-disciplinary team that has connected research across disciplines and scales. University of Strathclyde, Law School, Nelson Mandela University, University of Cape Coast and University of Namibia provide legal expertise. Rhodes University, Cape Town University, University of Namibia and University of Cape Coast provide sociological research co-developed with small-scale fishing communities. As an inter-disciplinary and cross-scale group we made significant progress towards channeling available legal, technical and strategic international support towards ocean-dependent communities in focus countries, as well as upscaling relevant findings to benefit other ODA-recipient countries. We contributed to focusing international support on SSF according to their needs as co-identified with Hub researchers. Our cross-scale approach has also opened pathways for marshalling international support towards, indigenous peoples and coastal communities negatively affected by blue economy initiatives ("ocean defenders"), and women and children negatively affected by unsustainable uses of the ocean. Support at the international level lends cachet to local advocacy efforts and influences systemic change at the national level. We achieved this progress by developing work programmes with international partners that are active across scales (national, regional and international), forming a nested approach to pathways to the Hub's national and international impact, and by: • co-developing research from the outset with international partners; • systematically sharing early findings through partners' ongoing capacity-building activities or co-developing new capacity-building activities, to engage in direct dialogue with their beneficiary country representatives; • proactively sharing early findings that contribute to international partners' own planning and agenda-setting activities; and • strategically utilising the strength of Hub partnerships with international organisations to leverage further support towards Hub objectives from other international partners. In doing so, we have built the capacity of: • South African, Ghanaian and Namibian community representatives to engage directly in international debates, while addressing their practical constraints and other, more pressing demands on their time; • communities to participate in national policy-making processes; • researchers to engage directly with international partners, as an essential skillset for researchers who have not yet worked across scales, so they can develop meaningful cross-scale networks; and • international partners and processes to adapt their modalities to accommodate community representatives' needs. As part of the Hub's ongoing partnership with FAO, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa contributed to the development and launch of a new international database called SSF-LEX (https://ssflex.fao.org/) that serves to identify relevant national law and policy instruments for small-scale fisheries and to assess whether there is alignment with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. It provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The purpose of the database is to help identify good State practices and needs for improvements. Hub early-career researcher Julia Nakamura (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-led the team in FAO that developed SSF-LEX, while Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tapiwa Warikandwa (University of Namibia, Namibia) reviewed and contributed to the SSF-LEX's country profiles of Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa (More information on Hub's contributions to the SSF-LEX is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). Julia Nakamura co-organised the launch of 'SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database' at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress-Africa (Cape Town, South Africa, 21-23 November 2022) on 23 November 2022, with a view to addressing fisheries managers, legal practitioners, scientists, academics, governments representatives, non-governmental stakeholders, fishers, and fishing communities. Jackie Sunde was invited as a panelists, who reflected on the usefulness of SSF-LEX to fishers, academics and human rights lawyers, from the South African perspective (More information on the SSF-LEX launch event could be found here: https://www.fao.org/legal-services/news/news-detail/en/c/1624163/). In November 2023, the Hub became an official partner of the Small-Scale Fisheries Resource & Collaboration Hub ("SSF Hub"), which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The Hub has been participating in regular meetings with the SSF Hub partners, sharing research, approaches and resources to support the following vision: "Small-scale fisheries and communities that are resilient, thriving and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) (https://oneoceanhub.org/becoming-official-partners-of-the-ssf-hub/). In October 2023 the SSF Hub shared various resources in their online library/ resources database such as our video recordings of "Fostering Cooperation Among Relevant UN bodies to Advance Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights" organised for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 14 November 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fostering-cooperation-among-relevant-un-bodies-advance-small-scale-fishers-human-rights); "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities & Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" organized on 7 June 2023 for the UN World Oceans Day 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/exploring-challenges-opportunities-alliances-protection-small-scale-fishers-human-rights) and "A Fishing Heritage in Peril", Artwork from DEEP Fund Project 'Fishers Tales" (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fishing-heritage-peril-artwork-deep-fund-project-fishers-tales). A complete list of the One Ocean Hub resources that are available on the SSF Hub can be found here: https://ssfhub.org/contributing-organization/one-ocean-hub. The Hub contributed to three submissions to the call by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to give inputs on his upcoming report on fisheries: • The KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum provided evidence on limitations in public participation in decision-making in South Africa, including on oil and gas development, as well as ocean master plan and marine protected areas. In addition, the evidence called attention to the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' tenure. • Jackie Sunde, University of Cape Town, also provided evidence on the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa in the context of the expansion of marine transport, ports and energy infrastructure. The submission also noted the need to recognize women's contributions to the value chain in the traditional line fish sector, as it provides multiple sources of food to different groups in a community but is not factored into fisheries policy making and rights allocation. More information here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/e19cnpbel7h4a7lap7ked6fdch. • A submission by Elisa Morgera shared comparative insights from research in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia and in the Caribbean, about the misrecognition and disrespect of the cultural rights of small-scale fishers (their spiritual and cultural connections to marine spaces, their distinctive knowledge systems, and their customary laws) - within and outside the fisheries sector - as one of the root causes of the violations of their right to food, as well as their participation in relevant policy processes. This submission also pointed to: lack of strategic environmental assessments for various policy areas that negatively affect fisheries and marine biodiversity (such as mining, infrastructure development, tourism), as well as the lack of national legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for large-scale fisheries (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12462); the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; and good practices that have strengthened the recognition, protection and remedies for small-scale fishers (Empatheatre in South Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf; documentary on fishers' songs in Ghana, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf; documentary with displaced Indigenous peoples in Namibia, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; Coastal Justice Network in South Africa, https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/; and pop-up clinics to provide women in small-scale fishing communities legal advice, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf: and direct academic research and action towards their legal needs. Read the written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/m1aqqg2i11g7dmfa1ddsvqpvag. This collaboration has brought notable policy impacts. As explained above, Hub's research, experience, and practices have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. The Tool aims to support the identification of barriers and opportunities to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) in the Context of Food in national laws and policies. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022). This five-lesson course provides guidance on how to assess existing legal and policy frameworks for fisheries in a specific country, explains how to legislate for small-scale fisheries, and outlines the main components of small-scale fisheries-specific legislation. It aims at helping professionals engaged in dialogue on policy and legislation processes and actions at all levels relating to small-scale fisheries, as well as at academic institutions and members of the general public interested in the subject (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. In the context of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the collaborative research initiative One Ocean Hub have been collaborating to raise awareness of the full scope of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. This policy brief aims to clarify the scope of the international human rights-based approach, including the corresponding State obligations, and to highlight how the coherent protection of these rights supports the realization of multiple Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements (https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). • Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA (e.g. WWF, Blue Ventures. Significance of Hub's contributions was evident from invitation to Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, to present Hub's research findings at the official high-level closing ceremony of IYAFA at the FAO headquarters in Rome (see outcomes section of this entry). In 2024, the Hub is working with FAO, SSF Hub, and supporters of IYAFA to strategise and plan for the upcoming SSF Summit that will take place in July 2024. This collaboration has achieved societal impacts by (1) raising awareness on the needs, interests, and human rights of small-scale fishers among national and international stakeholders and (2) strengthening the capacity of a total of 1,466 stakeholders from diverse professional categories including small-scale fisher, researcher, public sector, NGO, and international organization from Africa, South Pacific, the Caribbean, Asia Europe and North America. Events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration have also strengthened gender equality because they speak to predominantly women audience. On average 56% of attendees were women. This is interesting because despite marine sector is a male dominated sector, all our events spoke to a predominately female audience, which also showed the interests and needs for capacity building for women in this field.
Impact Resultant Outcomes • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022, co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. Available from here https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries" published in October 2022, available from here: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881). • A joint policy brief by FAO, One Ocean Hub, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. Available from here: https://ssflex.fao.org/). • One Ocean Hub's small-scale fisheries focused webpage: https://oneoceanhub.org/iyafa/. Peer-reviewed journal articles • Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • Golo HK, Erinosho B. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • Ibrahim S and Golo HK. (2023). "Right to Culture in Marine Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Ghana: Reflections of FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Maritime Studies (under review, submitted September 2023). • Kulundu-Bolus I, McGarry D and Lotz-Sisitka R "Think Piece: Learning, Living and Leading into Transgression - A reflection on decolonial praxis in a neoliberal world." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 36, pp.111-130, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v36i1.14. • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Mbatha P (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Nakamura J, Weston JCL and Lennan M (2023). "International Legal Responses for Protecting Fishers' Fundamental Rights Impacted by a Changing Ocean." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38 (2023, pp. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10141. • Pereira T and Erwin K (2023). "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice, Ecosystems and People, 19:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Rudolph TB, Ruckelshaus M, Swilling M, Allison EH, Österblom H, Gelcich S & Mbatha P. (2020). "A transition to sustainable ocean governance." Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2 • Sowman M et al (2021). "Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Sowman M and Sunde J (2021). "A Just transition? Navigating the process of policy implementation in small-scale fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104683 • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. • Morgera E and Nakamura J, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2 Book chapters: • Ansah JW, Oduro GY, and Wilson D. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Christoffels-du Plessis A., Erinosha, B., Major L., Morgera E., Sunde J. and Vermeylen S. Navigating a sea of laws: Small-scale Fishing Communities and Customary Rights in Ghana and South Africa. In Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (Eds) The Palgrave Book of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan. Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Christoffels-Du Plessis, A., and Sunde, J. 2020. Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for small-scale fisheries in South Africa. In Kerezi, V., Nakamura, J., El Halimi, M., and Chuenpagdee, R. (Eds.) Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries: Global Illustrations. TBTI Global Publication Series, St. John's, NL, Canada, http://toobigtoignore.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/South-Africa_01.pdf • Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. • Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Kanyimba AT & Jonas MN (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15 • Warikandwa TV, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f • Warikandwa TW, Shakalela E, Libebe EL (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14. • Warikandwa TW (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • B Erinosho, L Major, E Morgera, J Sunde and S Vermeylen. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • JW Ansah, GY Oduro, and D Wilson. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Book chapter: E Morgera and J Nakamura, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • HK Golo, S Ibrahim, B Erinosho. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Blogposts and other publications summarising the events and engagements. • Erinosho B, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/. • Febrica S. "Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks," 29 November 2020, https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fisheries-and-blue-justice/. • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised a workshop on sustainable small-scale fisheries law," 28 April 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/1939-2/ • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised webinar on Namibia's small-scale fisheries," 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-food-and-agriculture-organization-and-the-one-ocean-hub-co-organised-webinar-on-namibias-small-scale-fisheries/. • Febrica S, Nakamura J, Sunde J & Warikandwa T, "Strengthening knowledge on national policy and law and their alignment with the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines," 31 January 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/. • Khan U, "Exploring the blue carbon potential in Namibia," 3 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-blue-carbon-potential-in-namibia/. • Morgera E, "Key messages: high level event on small-scale fishers' rights," June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/ • Mthombeni M, "I took my ancestors to the United Nations, and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs," 10 July 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Empatheatre - Changing Understandings and Engagements with ocean dependent communities: Lalela uLwandle," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives Through Documentary Filmmaking," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana -Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-Scale Fisheries," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-scale Fisheries," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact story: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives through Documentary Filmmaking," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Fishers' songs from Ghana to Glasgow - A documentary film 'Cocooned in harmony' screens at the Centre for contemporary arts, "6 April 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-songs-from-ghana-to-glasgow-a-documentary-film-cocooned-in-harmony-screens-at-the-centre-of-contemporary-arts/ • One Ocean Hub, "Partnering with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries," 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-for-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries/. • One Ocean Hub, "Opening a platform for women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana," 29 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ • One Ocean Hub, "Welcoming local NGOs as Hub partners in Ghana, Namibia and South Africa: from seaweed education to human rights legal support," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/welcoming-local-ngos-as-hub-partners-in-ghana-namibia-and-south-africa-from-seaweed-education-to-human-rights-legal-support/ • One Ocean Hub, "Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ • One Ocean Hub, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Pereira T, Francis B and McGarry D, "The unexpected impact of a letter to the minister from One Ocean Hub researchers resulting in an opportunity to facilitate counter hegemonic mapping into transgressive ocean decision making for Amathole Marine Protected Area, South Africa, 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researchers-resulting-in-an-opportunity-to-facilitate-counter-hegemonic-mapping-into-transgressive-ocean-decision-making-for-amath/ • Pereira Kaplan T , "The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment" judge rules in the Shell seismic survey case, 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ • Pereira Kaplan T, "Deepening partnerships with small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/. • Sowman M, Sunde J and Lambrecht M, "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the west coast of South Africa," 7 September 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ • Sunde J. (2022). "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121 https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ • Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. • Samuel MM, Tshiningayamwe S, Jonas M and Kanyimba A. "Exploring ocean benefits, challenges, and prospects with Namibian coastal communities," 4 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-ocean-benefits-challenges-and-prospects-with-namibian-coastal-communities/ • Sunde J, "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Tshiningayamwe S, "Working with marginalised communities for more equitable ocean decision-making and other news from Namibia," 27 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-marginalised-communities-for-more-equitable-ocean-decision-making-and-other-news-from-namibia/. • Veii A and Nghipangelwa S, "Working in a transdisciplinary team to understand climate vulnerability on recreational fishing in Namibia," 26 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part One)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part Two)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/ • Wilson D, "Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa," 1 March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ • Wilson D, "Customary law, tangible and intangible heritage, and ocean governance workshops," 27 June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/ Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • UN Ocean Conference side-event titled "Small in scale, big in value: Stocktaking, partnerships and solutions in support of small-scale fisheries" (led by FAO), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). For more information see here: https://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1529971/. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was invited to: Act as lead discussant at the Interactive dialogue 4 "Making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets," 29 June 2024, in the Tejo Hall of the Conference venue. The event was attended by 50 attendees. For further information, see here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/making-fisheries-sustainable-and-providing-access-small-scale-artisanal-fishers-marine; watch the recording here: https://media.un.org/en/asset/k18/k185g5nkrg Capacity Building Session for UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni in 2020 • Covid-19 Impacts on the South African Small Scale Fisheries Sector: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDeJJG3qt0E. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdbVNhHf6Q. This event was attended by 62 attendees. Workshops co-organised with FAO • Regional Training Workshop on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries, 12-15 April 2021 in South Africa, Namibia and Ghana (April 2021). A total of 177 attendees (57 attendees on Day 1; 47 attendees on Day 2; 43 attendees on Day 3 and 30 attendees on Day 4). • The FAO led Parallel session #4.1 - "SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database" at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress Africa, 21 November 2022. This event was attended by 100 attendees. • A series of two days events titled "Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries: Towards a National Plan of Action for Small Scale Fisheries in Namibia" on 10th-11th June 2021. These series were attended by 70 attendees. UN World Oceans Day Events • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording is available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU. This event was attended by 54 attendees. • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants. GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School • Professor Elisa Morgera and Dr Dylan McGarry presentations in for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: - Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • One Ocean Hub's three led panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022: - The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small scale fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Video, film outputs • Photo-story: Small-scale fishers and human rights, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhqzgSCjfug. • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • Defenders of the Ocean, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'COP27 Children and Youth Pavilion speaker: Camila Awo Dzidzor One Ocean Hub', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A
Start Year 2021
 
Description BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES 
Organisation University of Cape Town
Country South Africa 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution This partnership began in 2021 through the FAO's existing programme to support national implementation of the FAO Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) through national legislation. To support this, One Ocean Hub co-hosted with FAO regional workshops with government, community, research, and NGO representation from Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, to identify legislative barriers to the implementation of the FAO voluntary SSF guidelines in each country, thereby contributing to national research, while co-developing a global instrument, the FAO SSF Policy and Legal diagnostic tool in April 2021. Co-design of the regional workshop with South African researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network allowed FAO to shift from a top-down approach that focused on discussing what international law requires from governments to an approach informed by local context, and responds to specific needs of SSF, through international law when national law falls short. Hub researchers facilitated SSF representatives' direct participation in the workshop in varied ways, including voice or video messages that communicated their priorities. SSF and government representatives, as well as non-legal researchers were made aware of how international law is (or is not) applied in the context of South Africa, Ghana and Namibia. This is now informing planning of further inter-disciplinary research that will guide strategies on partnerships with governments and SSF in Ghana. In addition, this regional event led to a follow-up event specifically for Namibia, in collaboration with the FAO, the Hub and the Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Namibia. The webinar series organised on 10-11 June 2021 was titled 'Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries.' It was aimed at providing the evidence required to support the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, which the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which was published in 2022 as part of its commitment to implement the FAO SSF Guidelines. The workshop provided an opportunity to integrate the early research findings from the One Ocean Hub into the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, notably with regard to the inclusion of the views of indigenous communities that have been displaced from the coast (Topnaar). This event led to an invitation for nominations for two experts to sit on Namibia's national task force on SSF (upon acceptance by the Ministry of Fisheries). The key research findings that were shared with FAO focused on the approaches to: • redress marginalisation of previously disadvantaged communities including those that have been historically removed from the coast e.g. the Topnaar community), and • address the diverse capacity-building needs of different stakeholder groups that are expected to benefit from or contribute to implementation (SSF associations, SSF women and youth, town councils, NGOs, and primary schools). In addition, FAO invited the Hub to co-develop two e-learning courses on implementation of the FAO Guidelines on SSF to be housed on the FAO E-learning Academy website (https://elearning.fao.org/). The courses are meant to respond to government officers' and fishers' needs respectively, to implement the FAO Guidelines. The latter will allow SSF to obtain an international certification on the FAO E-learning Academy that contributes to their professional development and recognition of SSF. Two papers by Hub colleagues in Ghana and South Africa were integrated as case studies in the first FAO e-learning course on SSF law and policy (in additions to insights arising from the joint Hub-FAO workshops). A new e-learning course will be co-developed in 2023 with a view to directly addressing the question and challenges of small-scale fishers in invoking international law and human rights in their daily interactions with authorities and other stakeholders, based on Hub partnerships with small-scale fishing organizations in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. In addition, this allowed the Hub to bring together FAO and UNEP into a joint event during World Oceans Week 2021 to discuss directly with SSF representatives from South Africa key challenges. Towards the end of 2021, the collaboration with FAO led to an ambitious joint programme of work to advance the human rights-based approach to small scale fisheries as part of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The joint programme of work advanced understanding of the multiple threats to the rights of small-scale fishers to have a voice in decisions affecting their lives, health, culture and livelihoods, and garner further support for small-scale fishers that act as environmental human rights defenders. We shared key research insights and supported small-scale fisheries representatives to speak directly about their human rights concerns in a high-level event at World Ocean Week (WOW) 2022, to the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment participated. In June 2022, the Hub was invited to join the panelists of the High-level Interactive Dialogue on Fisheries at the UN Ocean Conference, and shared on that occasion the key messages from the WOW event (see report summarising key messages shared during the event here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/). These were then published in late 2022 as the first joint policy brief between FAO and the UNOHCHR, together with the Hub: "Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals" (Available here: https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). This joint programme of work also furthered partnerships with various civil society organizations. WWF Accelerating Coastal Community Led Conservation Initiative for the Oceans Practice reached out to the Hub to join efforts for IYAFA, including joint events at the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 on the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. WWF further invited the One Ocean Hub to join: the Blue Food Alliance that aims to transform our food system to focus on health, justice, and environmental sustainability; and the SSF Network, which arose from the first SSF Summit in September 2022. In addition, Naturskyddsföreningen (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation), Blue Venture, the Too-Big-To-Ignore research programme, and the IUCN Specialist Group on People and the Ocean approached the Hub to contribute to the programme of work for IYAFA. All these civil society partners emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. For the official closing of IYAFA (March 2023), the FAO invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to speak at the high-level closing event and the Empatheatre team from South Africa to perform "Listen to the Sea" immediately afterwards. FAO and the Hub also co-organised a series of hybrid events prior to the closing event: a workshop on art-based approaches to the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa, to explore their replicability in UN and NGO projects (Wed 29th March); a hybrid training on human rights and fisheries with the UNOHCHR and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (29th March); and a hybrid roundtable on WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and small-scale fishers' human rights (31st March). As a result of these activities, the Hub's recommendations on integrating human rights in the agenda of the second SSF Summit (scheduled in July 2024; more information here: https://ssfhub.org/ssf-summit-2024) were included and the Hub was invited to become an official partner of the SSF Hub which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community, and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (November 2023). FAO invited Elisa Morgera to a workshop, 14-16 November 2023, (https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-workshop-towards-creating-an-enabling-environment-for-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries/), Rome that brought together regional and global partners, as well as from various countries, and small-scale fisheries organisations, for experience sharing and learning on the work conducted to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines worldwide, as well as exploring potential areas of future work and collaboration and further enhancing awareness and knowledge of the SSF Guidelines. https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ Finally, the Hub summarised key findings from all these activities in a written submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, who will devote his 2024 report to fisheries, with a focus on the SSF Guidelines. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy. • partner organisations based in the Global South: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; ICCA Consortium, Malaysia; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; Abalobi, South Africa; SmartFish AC, Mexico. • Research organization based in the Global North: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Switzerland; Blue Ventures, UK; Too Big To Ignore, Canada; The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty's Fisheries Working Group, Italy; Conservation International, US; Environmental Defense Fund, US; Fauna & Flora, UK; Blue Ventures, UK; Ocean Outcomes, US; Wildlife Conservation Society, US; Rare, US; WildAid, US; Future of Fish Seattle, US; International Institute for Environment and Development, UK; International Pole & Line Foundation, UK; Oceana, US.
Collaborator Contribution FAO supported the development of the Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) and had already run a pilot regional workshop on their implementation through legislation. FAO is a member of the Executive Team of the One Ocean Hub and based on the early findings from the Hub on the need to further clarify the human rights-based approach to fisheries (Morgera and Nakamura, 2021), FAO invited the Hub to co-develop a diagnostic tool, co-organize another regional workshop in Hub countries and develop further e-learning tools. FAO provided USD 37,450 of in-kind match funding from FAO consultants to support course development. To support the planning and the organisation of the joint programme for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries in 2022, the FAO and UNEP has also provided in-kind support, in the form of staff time. The expansion of the partnership to the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a first for the ocean community and has provided invaluable insights for the Hub researchers, and their UN and civil society partners on how to rely on the international human rights monitoring system to support small-scale fishers on the ground when governments are falling behind in implementing their international commitments. The partnership has brought together a new Hub's inter-disciplinary team that has connected research across disciplines and scales. University of Strathclyde, Law School, Nelson Mandela University, University of Cape Coast and University of Namibia provide legal expertise. Rhodes University, Cape Town University, University of Namibia and University of Cape Coast provide sociological research co-developed with small-scale fishing communities. As an inter-disciplinary and cross-scale group we made significant progress towards channeling available legal, technical and strategic international support towards ocean-dependent communities in focus countries, as well as upscaling relevant findings to benefit other ODA-recipient countries. We contributed to focusing international support on SSF according to their needs as co-identified with Hub researchers. Our cross-scale approach has also opened pathways for marshalling international support towards, indigenous peoples and coastal communities negatively affected by blue economy initiatives ("ocean defenders"), and women and children negatively affected by unsustainable uses of the ocean. Support at the international level lends cachet to local advocacy efforts and influences systemic change at the national level. We achieved this progress by developing work programmes with international partners that are active across scales (national, regional and international), forming a nested approach to pathways to the Hub's national and international impact, and by: • co-developing research from the outset with international partners; • systematically sharing early findings through partners' ongoing capacity-building activities or co-developing new capacity-building activities, to engage in direct dialogue with their beneficiary country representatives; • proactively sharing early findings that contribute to international partners' own planning and agenda-setting activities; and • strategically utilising the strength of Hub partnerships with international organisations to leverage further support towards Hub objectives from other international partners. In doing so, we have built the capacity of: • South African, Ghanaian and Namibian community representatives to engage directly in international debates, while addressing their practical constraints and other, more pressing demands on their time; • communities to participate in national policy-making processes; • researchers to engage directly with international partners, as an essential skillset for researchers who have not yet worked across scales, so they can develop meaningful cross-scale networks; and • international partners and processes to adapt their modalities to accommodate community representatives' needs. As part of the Hub's ongoing partnership with FAO, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa contributed to the development and launch of a new international database called SSF-LEX (https://ssflex.fao.org/) that serves to identify relevant national law and policy instruments for small-scale fisheries and to assess whether there is alignment with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. It provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The purpose of the database is to help identify good State practices and needs for improvements. Hub early-career researcher Julia Nakamura (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-led the team in FAO that developed SSF-LEX, while Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tapiwa Warikandwa (University of Namibia, Namibia) reviewed and contributed to the SSF-LEX's country profiles of Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa (More information on Hub's contributions to the SSF-LEX is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). Julia Nakamura co-organised the launch of 'SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database' at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress-Africa (Cape Town, South Africa, 21-23 November 2022) on 23 November 2022, with a view to addressing fisheries managers, legal practitioners, scientists, academics, governments representatives, non-governmental stakeholders, fishers, and fishing communities. Jackie Sunde was invited as a panelists, who reflected on the usefulness of SSF-LEX to fishers, academics and human rights lawyers, from the South African perspective (More information on the SSF-LEX launch event could be found here: https://www.fao.org/legal-services/news/news-detail/en/c/1624163/). In November 2023, the Hub became an official partner of the Small-Scale Fisheries Resource & Collaboration Hub ("SSF Hub"), which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The Hub has been participating in regular meetings with the SSF Hub partners, sharing research, approaches and resources to support the following vision: "Small-scale fisheries and communities that are resilient, thriving and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) (https://oneoceanhub.org/becoming-official-partners-of-the-ssf-hub/). In October 2023 the SSF Hub shared various resources in their online library/ resources database such as our video recordings of "Fostering Cooperation Among Relevant UN bodies to Advance Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights" organised for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 14 November 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fostering-cooperation-among-relevant-un-bodies-advance-small-scale-fishers-human-rights); "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities & Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" organized on 7 June 2023 for the UN World Oceans Day 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/exploring-challenges-opportunities-alliances-protection-small-scale-fishers-human-rights) and "A Fishing Heritage in Peril", Artwork from DEEP Fund Project 'Fishers Tales" (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fishing-heritage-peril-artwork-deep-fund-project-fishers-tales). A complete list of the One Ocean Hub resources that are available on the SSF Hub can be found here: https://ssfhub.org/contributing-organization/one-ocean-hub. The Hub contributed to three submissions to the call by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to give inputs on his upcoming report on fisheries: • The KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum provided evidence on limitations in public participation in decision-making in South Africa, including on oil and gas development, as well as ocean master plan and marine protected areas. In addition, the evidence called attention to the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' tenure. • Jackie Sunde, University of Cape Town, also provided evidence on the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa in the context of the expansion of marine transport, ports and energy infrastructure. The submission also noted the need to recognize women's contributions to the value chain in the traditional line fish sector, as it provides multiple sources of food to different groups in a community but is not factored into fisheries policy making and rights allocation. More information here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/e19cnpbel7h4a7lap7ked6fdch. • A submission by Elisa Morgera shared comparative insights from research in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia and in the Caribbean, about the misrecognition and disrespect of the cultural rights of small-scale fishers (their spiritual and cultural connections to marine spaces, their distinctive knowledge systems, and their customary laws) - within and outside the fisheries sector - as one of the root causes of the violations of their right to food, as well as their participation in relevant policy processes. This submission also pointed to: lack of strategic environmental assessments for various policy areas that negatively affect fisheries and marine biodiversity (such as mining, infrastructure development, tourism), as well as the lack of national legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for large-scale fisheries (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12462); the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; and good practices that have strengthened the recognition, protection and remedies for small-scale fishers (Empatheatre in South Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf; documentary on fishers' songs in Ghana, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf; documentary with displaced Indigenous peoples in Namibia, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; Coastal Justice Network in South Africa, https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/; and pop-up clinics to provide women in small-scale fishing communities legal advice, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf: and direct academic research and action towards their legal needs. Read the written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/m1aqqg2i11g7dmfa1ddsvqpvag. This collaboration has brought notable policy impacts. As explained above, Hub's research, experience, and practices have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. The Tool aims to support the identification of barriers and opportunities to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) in the Context of Food in national laws and policies. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022). This five-lesson course provides guidance on how to assess existing legal and policy frameworks for fisheries in a specific country, explains how to legislate for small-scale fisheries, and outlines the main components of small-scale fisheries-specific legislation. It aims at helping professionals engaged in dialogue on policy and legislation processes and actions at all levels relating to small-scale fisheries, as well as at academic institutions and members of the general public interested in the subject (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. In the context of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the collaborative research initiative One Ocean Hub have been collaborating to raise awareness of the full scope of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. This policy brief aims to clarify the scope of the international human rights-based approach, including the corresponding State obligations, and to highlight how the coherent protection of these rights supports the realization of multiple Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements (https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). • Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA (e.g. WWF, Blue Ventures. Significance of Hub's contributions was evident from invitation to Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, to present Hub's research findings at the official high-level closing ceremony of IYAFA at the FAO headquarters in Rome (see outcomes section of this entry). In 2024, the Hub is working with FAO, SSF Hub, and supporters of IYAFA to strategise and plan for the upcoming SSF Summit that will take place in July 2024. This collaboration has achieved societal impacts by (1) raising awareness on the needs, interests, and human rights of small-scale fishers among national and international stakeholders and (2) strengthening the capacity of a total of 1,466 stakeholders from diverse professional categories including small-scale fisher, researcher, public sector, NGO, and international organization from Africa, South Pacific, the Caribbean, Asia Europe and North America. Events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration have also strengthened gender equality because they speak to predominantly women audience. On average 56% of attendees were women. This is interesting because despite marine sector is a male dominated sector, all our events spoke to a predominately female audience, which also showed the interests and needs for capacity building for women in this field.
Impact Resultant Outcomes • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022, co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. Available from here https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries" published in October 2022, available from here: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881). • A joint policy brief by FAO, One Ocean Hub, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. Available from here: https://ssflex.fao.org/). • One Ocean Hub's small-scale fisheries focused webpage: https://oneoceanhub.org/iyafa/. Peer-reviewed journal articles • Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • Golo HK, Erinosho B. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • Ibrahim S and Golo HK. (2023). "Right to Culture in Marine Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Ghana: Reflections of FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Maritime Studies (under review, submitted September 2023). • Kulundu-Bolus I, McGarry D and Lotz-Sisitka R "Think Piece: Learning, Living and Leading into Transgression - A reflection on decolonial praxis in a neoliberal world." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 36, pp.111-130, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v36i1.14. • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Mbatha P (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Nakamura J, Weston JCL and Lennan M (2023). "International Legal Responses for Protecting Fishers' Fundamental Rights Impacted by a Changing Ocean." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38 (2023, pp. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10141. • Pereira T and Erwin K (2023). "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice, Ecosystems and People, 19:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Rudolph TB, Ruckelshaus M, Swilling M, Allison EH, Österblom H, Gelcich S & Mbatha P. (2020). "A transition to sustainable ocean governance." Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2 • Sowman M et al (2021). "Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Sowman M and Sunde J (2021). "A Just transition? Navigating the process of policy implementation in small-scale fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104683 • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. • Morgera E and Nakamura J, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2 Book chapters: • Ansah JW, Oduro GY, and Wilson D. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Christoffels-du Plessis A., Erinosha, B., Major L., Morgera E., Sunde J. and Vermeylen S. Navigating a sea of laws: Small-scale Fishing Communities and Customary Rights in Ghana and South Africa. In Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (Eds) The Palgrave Book of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan. Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Christoffels-Du Plessis, A., and Sunde, J. 2020. Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for small-scale fisheries in South Africa. In Kerezi, V., Nakamura, J., El Halimi, M., and Chuenpagdee, R. (Eds.) Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries: Global Illustrations. TBTI Global Publication Series, St. John's, NL, Canada, http://toobigtoignore.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/South-Africa_01.pdf • Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. • Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Kanyimba AT & Jonas MN (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15 • Warikandwa TV, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f • Warikandwa TW, Shakalela E, Libebe EL (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14. • Warikandwa TW (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • B Erinosho, L Major, E Morgera, J Sunde and S Vermeylen. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • JW Ansah, GY Oduro, and D Wilson. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Book chapter: E Morgera and J Nakamura, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • HK Golo, S Ibrahim, B Erinosho. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Blogposts and other publications summarising the events and engagements. • Erinosho B, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/. • Febrica S. "Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks," 29 November 2020, https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fisheries-and-blue-justice/. • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised a workshop on sustainable small-scale fisheries law," 28 April 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/1939-2/ • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised webinar on Namibia's small-scale fisheries," 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-food-and-agriculture-organization-and-the-one-ocean-hub-co-organised-webinar-on-namibias-small-scale-fisheries/. • Febrica S, Nakamura J, Sunde J & Warikandwa T, "Strengthening knowledge on national policy and law and their alignment with the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines," 31 January 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/. • Khan U, "Exploring the blue carbon potential in Namibia," 3 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-blue-carbon-potential-in-namibia/. • Morgera E, "Key messages: high level event on small-scale fishers' rights," June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/ • Mthombeni M, "I took my ancestors to the United Nations, and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs," 10 July 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Empatheatre - Changing Understandings and Engagements with ocean dependent communities: Lalela uLwandle," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives Through Documentary Filmmaking," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana -Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-Scale Fisheries," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-scale Fisheries," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact story: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives through Documentary Filmmaking," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Fishers' songs from Ghana to Glasgow - A documentary film 'Cocooned in harmony' screens at the Centre for contemporary arts, "6 April 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-songs-from-ghana-to-glasgow-a-documentary-film-cocooned-in-harmony-screens-at-the-centre-of-contemporary-arts/ • One Ocean Hub, "Partnering with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries," 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-for-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries/. • One Ocean Hub, "Opening a platform for women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana," 29 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ • One Ocean Hub, "Welcoming local NGOs as Hub partners in Ghana, Namibia and South Africa: from seaweed education to human rights legal support," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/welcoming-local-ngos-as-hub-partners-in-ghana-namibia-and-south-africa-from-seaweed-education-to-human-rights-legal-support/ • One Ocean Hub, "Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ • One Ocean Hub, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Pereira T, Francis B and McGarry D, "The unexpected impact of a letter to the minister from One Ocean Hub researchers resulting in an opportunity to facilitate counter hegemonic mapping into transgressive ocean decision making for Amathole Marine Protected Area, South Africa, 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researchers-resulting-in-an-opportunity-to-facilitate-counter-hegemonic-mapping-into-transgressive-ocean-decision-making-for-amath/ • Pereira Kaplan T , "The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment" judge rules in the Shell seismic survey case, 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ • Pereira Kaplan T, "Deepening partnerships with small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/. • Sowman M, Sunde J and Lambrecht M, "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the west coast of South Africa," 7 September 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ • Sunde J. (2022). "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121 https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ • Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. • Samuel MM, Tshiningayamwe S, Jonas M and Kanyimba A. "Exploring ocean benefits, challenges, and prospects with Namibian coastal communities," 4 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-ocean-benefits-challenges-and-prospects-with-namibian-coastal-communities/ • Sunde J, "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Tshiningayamwe S, "Working with marginalised communities for more equitable ocean decision-making and other news from Namibia," 27 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-marginalised-communities-for-more-equitable-ocean-decision-making-and-other-news-from-namibia/. • Veii A and Nghipangelwa S, "Working in a transdisciplinary team to understand climate vulnerability on recreational fishing in Namibia," 26 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part One)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part Two)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/ • Wilson D, "Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa," 1 March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ • Wilson D, "Customary law, tangible and intangible heritage, and ocean governance workshops," 27 June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/ Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • UN Ocean Conference side-event titled "Small in scale, big in value: Stocktaking, partnerships and solutions in support of small-scale fisheries" (led by FAO), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). For more information see here: https://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1529971/. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was invited to: Act as lead discussant at the Interactive dialogue 4 "Making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets," 29 June 2024, in the Tejo Hall of the Conference venue. The event was attended by 50 attendees. For further information, see here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/making-fisheries-sustainable-and-providing-access-small-scale-artisanal-fishers-marine; watch the recording here: https://media.un.org/en/asset/k18/k185g5nkrg Capacity Building Session for UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni in 2020 • Covid-19 Impacts on the South African Small Scale Fisheries Sector: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDeJJG3qt0E. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdbVNhHf6Q. This event was attended by 62 attendees. Workshops co-organised with FAO • Regional Training Workshop on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries, 12-15 April 2021 in South Africa, Namibia and Ghana (April 2021). A total of 177 attendees (57 attendees on Day 1; 47 attendees on Day 2; 43 attendees on Day 3 and 30 attendees on Day 4). • The FAO led Parallel session #4.1 - "SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database" at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress Africa, 21 November 2022. This event was attended by 100 attendees. • A series of two days events titled "Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries: Towards a National Plan of Action for Small Scale Fisheries in Namibia" on 10th-11th June 2021. These series were attended by 70 attendees. UN World Oceans Day Events • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording is available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU. This event was attended by 54 attendees. • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants. GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School • Professor Elisa Morgera and Dr Dylan McGarry presentations in for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: - Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • One Ocean Hub's three led panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022: - The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small scale fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Video, film outputs • Photo-story: Small-scale fishers and human rights, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhqzgSCjfug. • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • Defenders of the Ocean, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'COP27 Children and Youth Pavilion speaker: Camila Awo Dzidzor One Ocean Hub', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A
Start Year 2021
 
Description BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES 
Organisation University of Namibia
Country Namibia 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution This partnership began in 2021 through the FAO's existing programme to support national implementation of the FAO Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) through national legislation. To support this, One Ocean Hub co-hosted with FAO regional workshops with government, community, research, and NGO representation from Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, to identify legislative barriers to the implementation of the FAO voluntary SSF guidelines in each country, thereby contributing to national research, while co-developing a global instrument, the FAO SSF Policy and Legal diagnostic tool in April 2021. Co-design of the regional workshop with South African researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network allowed FAO to shift from a top-down approach that focused on discussing what international law requires from governments to an approach informed by local context, and responds to specific needs of SSF, through international law when national law falls short. Hub researchers facilitated SSF representatives' direct participation in the workshop in varied ways, including voice or video messages that communicated their priorities. SSF and government representatives, as well as non-legal researchers were made aware of how international law is (or is not) applied in the context of South Africa, Ghana and Namibia. This is now informing planning of further inter-disciplinary research that will guide strategies on partnerships with governments and SSF in Ghana. In addition, this regional event led to a follow-up event specifically for Namibia, in collaboration with the FAO, the Hub and the Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Namibia. The webinar series organised on 10-11 June 2021 was titled 'Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries.' It was aimed at providing the evidence required to support the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, which the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which was published in 2022 as part of its commitment to implement the FAO SSF Guidelines. The workshop provided an opportunity to integrate the early research findings from the One Ocean Hub into the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, notably with regard to the inclusion of the views of indigenous communities that have been displaced from the coast (Topnaar). This event led to an invitation for nominations for two experts to sit on Namibia's national task force on SSF (upon acceptance by the Ministry of Fisheries). The key research findings that were shared with FAO focused on the approaches to: • redress marginalisation of previously disadvantaged communities including those that have been historically removed from the coast e.g. the Topnaar community), and • address the diverse capacity-building needs of different stakeholder groups that are expected to benefit from or contribute to implementation (SSF associations, SSF women and youth, town councils, NGOs, and primary schools). In addition, FAO invited the Hub to co-develop two e-learning courses on implementation of the FAO Guidelines on SSF to be housed on the FAO E-learning Academy website (https://elearning.fao.org/). The courses are meant to respond to government officers' and fishers' needs respectively, to implement the FAO Guidelines. The latter will allow SSF to obtain an international certification on the FAO E-learning Academy that contributes to their professional development and recognition of SSF. Two papers by Hub colleagues in Ghana and South Africa were integrated as case studies in the first FAO e-learning course on SSF law and policy (in additions to insights arising from the joint Hub-FAO workshops). A new e-learning course will be co-developed in 2023 with a view to directly addressing the question and challenges of small-scale fishers in invoking international law and human rights in their daily interactions with authorities and other stakeholders, based on Hub partnerships with small-scale fishing organizations in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. In addition, this allowed the Hub to bring together FAO and UNEP into a joint event during World Oceans Week 2021 to discuss directly with SSF representatives from South Africa key challenges. Towards the end of 2021, the collaboration with FAO led to an ambitious joint programme of work to advance the human rights-based approach to small scale fisheries as part of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The joint programme of work advanced understanding of the multiple threats to the rights of small-scale fishers to have a voice in decisions affecting their lives, health, culture and livelihoods, and garner further support for small-scale fishers that act as environmental human rights defenders. We shared key research insights and supported small-scale fisheries representatives to speak directly about their human rights concerns in a high-level event at World Ocean Week (WOW) 2022, to the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment participated. In June 2022, the Hub was invited to join the panelists of the High-level Interactive Dialogue on Fisheries at the UN Ocean Conference, and shared on that occasion the key messages from the WOW event (see report summarising key messages shared during the event here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/). These were then published in late 2022 as the first joint policy brief between FAO and the UNOHCHR, together with the Hub: "Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals" (Available here: https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). This joint programme of work also furthered partnerships with various civil society organizations. WWF Accelerating Coastal Community Led Conservation Initiative for the Oceans Practice reached out to the Hub to join efforts for IYAFA, including joint events at the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 on the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. WWF further invited the One Ocean Hub to join: the Blue Food Alliance that aims to transform our food system to focus on health, justice, and environmental sustainability; and the SSF Network, which arose from the first SSF Summit in September 2022. In addition, Naturskyddsföreningen (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation), Blue Venture, the Too-Big-To-Ignore research programme, and the IUCN Specialist Group on People and the Ocean approached the Hub to contribute to the programme of work for IYAFA. All these civil society partners emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. For the official closing of IYAFA (March 2023), the FAO invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to speak at the high-level closing event and the Empatheatre team from South Africa to perform "Listen to the Sea" immediately afterwards. FAO and the Hub also co-organised a series of hybrid events prior to the closing event: a workshop on art-based approaches to the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa, to explore their replicability in UN and NGO projects (Wed 29th March); a hybrid training on human rights and fisheries with the UNOHCHR and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (29th March); and a hybrid roundtable on WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and small-scale fishers' human rights (31st March). As a result of these activities, the Hub's recommendations on integrating human rights in the agenda of the second SSF Summit (scheduled in July 2024; more information here: https://ssfhub.org/ssf-summit-2024) were included and the Hub was invited to become an official partner of the SSF Hub which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community, and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (November 2023). FAO invited Elisa Morgera to a workshop, 14-16 November 2023, (https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-workshop-towards-creating-an-enabling-environment-for-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries/), Rome that brought together regional and global partners, as well as from various countries, and small-scale fisheries organisations, for experience sharing and learning on the work conducted to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines worldwide, as well as exploring potential areas of future work and collaboration and further enhancing awareness and knowledge of the SSF Guidelines. https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ Finally, the Hub summarised key findings from all these activities in a written submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, who will devote his 2024 report to fisheries, with a focus on the SSF Guidelines. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy. • partner organisations based in the Global South: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; ICCA Consortium, Malaysia; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; Abalobi, South Africa; SmartFish AC, Mexico. • Research organization based in the Global North: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Switzerland; Blue Ventures, UK; Too Big To Ignore, Canada; The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty's Fisheries Working Group, Italy; Conservation International, US; Environmental Defense Fund, US; Fauna & Flora, UK; Blue Ventures, UK; Ocean Outcomes, US; Wildlife Conservation Society, US; Rare, US; WildAid, US; Future of Fish Seattle, US; International Institute for Environment and Development, UK; International Pole & Line Foundation, UK; Oceana, US.
Collaborator Contribution FAO supported the development of the Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) and had already run a pilot regional workshop on their implementation through legislation. FAO is a member of the Executive Team of the One Ocean Hub and based on the early findings from the Hub on the need to further clarify the human rights-based approach to fisheries (Morgera and Nakamura, 2021), FAO invited the Hub to co-develop a diagnostic tool, co-organize another regional workshop in Hub countries and develop further e-learning tools. FAO provided USD 37,450 of in-kind match funding from FAO consultants to support course development. To support the planning and the organisation of the joint programme for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries in 2022, the FAO and UNEP has also provided in-kind support, in the form of staff time. The expansion of the partnership to the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a first for the ocean community and has provided invaluable insights for the Hub researchers, and their UN and civil society partners on how to rely on the international human rights monitoring system to support small-scale fishers on the ground when governments are falling behind in implementing their international commitments. The partnership has brought together a new Hub's inter-disciplinary team that has connected research across disciplines and scales. University of Strathclyde, Law School, Nelson Mandela University, University of Cape Coast and University of Namibia provide legal expertise. Rhodes University, Cape Town University, University of Namibia and University of Cape Coast provide sociological research co-developed with small-scale fishing communities. As an inter-disciplinary and cross-scale group we made significant progress towards channeling available legal, technical and strategic international support towards ocean-dependent communities in focus countries, as well as upscaling relevant findings to benefit other ODA-recipient countries. We contributed to focusing international support on SSF according to their needs as co-identified with Hub researchers. Our cross-scale approach has also opened pathways for marshalling international support towards, indigenous peoples and coastal communities negatively affected by blue economy initiatives ("ocean defenders"), and women and children negatively affected by unsustainable uses of the ocean. Support at the international level lends cachet to local advocacy efforts and influences systemic change at the national level. We achieved this progress by developing work programmes with international partners that are active across scales (national, regional and international), forming a nested approach to pathways to the Hub's national and international impact, and by: • co-developing research from the outset with international partners; • systematically sharing early findings through partners' ongoing capacity-building activities or co-developing new capacity-building activities, to engage in direct dialogue with their beneficiary country representatives; • proactively sharing early findings that contribute to international partners' own planning and agenda-setting activities; and • strategically utilising the strength of Hub partnerships with international organisations to leverage further support towards Hub objectives from other international partners. In doing so, we have built the capacity of: • South African, Ghanaian and Namibian community representatives to engage directly in international debates, while addressing their practical constraints and other, more pressing demands on their time; • communities to participate in national policy-making processes; • researchers to engage directly with international partners, as an essential skillset for researchers who have not yet worked across scales, so they can develop meaningful cross-scale networks; and • international partners and processes to adapt their modalities to accommodate community representatives' needs. As part of the Hub's ongoing partnership with FAO, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa contributed to the development and launch of a new international database called SSF-LEX (https://ssflex.fao.org/) that serves to identify relevant national law and policy instruments for small-scale fisheries and to assess whether there is alignment with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. It provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The purpose of the database is to help identify good State practices and needs for improvements. Hub early-career researcher Julia Nakamura (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-led the team in FAO that developed SSF-LEX, while Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tapiwa Warikandwa (University of Namibia, Namibia) reviewed and contributed to the SSF-LEX's country profiles of Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa (More information on Hub's contributions to the SSF-LEX is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). Julia Nakamura co-organised the launch of 'SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database' at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress-Africa (Cape Town, South Africa, 21-23 November 2022) on 23 November 2022, with a view to addressing fisheries managers, legal practitioners, scientists, academics, governments representatives, non-governmental stakeholders, fishers, and fishing communities. Jackie Sunde was invited as a panelists, who reflected on the usefulness of SSF-LEX to fishers, academics and human rights lawyers, from the South African perspective (More information on the SSF-LEX launch event could be found here: https://www.fao.org/legal-services/news/news-detail/en/c/1624163/). In November 2023, the Hub became an official partner of the Small-Scale Fisheries Resource & Collaboration Hub ("SSF Hub"), which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The Hub has been participating in regular meetings with the SSF Hub partners, sharing research, approaches and resources to support the following vision: "Small-scale fisheries and communities that are resilient, thriving and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) (https://oneoceanhub.org/becoming-official-partners-of-the-ssf-hub/). In October 2023 the SSF Hub shared various resources in their online library/ resources database such as our video recordings of "Fostering Cooperation Among Relevant UN bodies to Advance Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights" organised for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 14 November 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fostering-cooperation-among-relevant-un-bodies-advance-small-scale-fishers-human-rights); "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities & Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" organized on 7 June 2023 for the UN World Oceans Day 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/exploring-challenges-opportunities-alliances-protection-small-scale-fishers-human-rights) and "A Fishing Heritage in Peril", Artwork from DEEP Fund Project 'Fishers Tales" (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fishing-heritage-peril-artwork-deep-fund-project-fishers-tales). A complete list of the One Ocean Hub resources that are available on the SSF Hub can be found here: https://ssfhub.org/contributing-organization/one-ocean-hub. The Hub contributed to three submissions to the call by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to give inputs on his upcoming report on fisheries: • The KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum provided evidence on limitations in public participation in decision-making in South Africa, including on oil and gas development, as well as ocean master plan and marine protected areas. In addition, the evidence called attention to the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' tenure. • Jackie Sunde, University of Cape Town, also provided evidence on the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa in the context of the expansion of marine transport, ports and energy infrastructure. The submission also noted the need to recognize women's contributions to the value chain in the traditional line fish sector, as it provides multiple sources of food to different groups in a community but is not factored into fisheries policy making and rights allocation. More information here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/e19cnpbel7h4a7lap7ked6fdch. • A submission by Elisa Morgera shared comparative insights from research in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia and in the Caribbean, about the misrecognition and disrespect of the cultural rights of small-scale fishers (their spiritual and cultural connections to marine spaces, their distinctive knowledge systems, and their customary laws) - within and outside the fisheries sector - as one of the root causes of the violations of their right to food, as well as their participation in relevant policy processes. This submission also pointed to: lack of strategic environmental assessments for various policy areas that negatively affect fisheries and marine biodiversity (such as mining, infrastructure development, tourism), as well as the lack of national legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for large-scale fisheries (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12462); the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; and good practices that have strengthened the recognition, protection and remedies for small-scale fishers (Empatheatre in South Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf; documentary on fishers' songs in Ghana, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf; documentary with displaced Indigenous peoples in Namibia, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; Coastal Justice Network in South Africa, https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/; and pop-up clinics to provide women in small-scale fishing communities legal advice, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf: and direct academic research and action towards their legal needs. Read the written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/m1aqqg2i11g7dmfa1ddsvqpvag. This collaboration has brought notable policy impacts. As explained above, Hub's research, experience, and practices have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. The Tool aims to support the identification of barriers and opportunities to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) in the Context of Food in national laws and policies. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022). This five-lesson course provides guidance on how to assess existing legal and policy frameworks for fisheries in a specific country, explains how to legislate for small-scale fisheries, and outlines the main components of small-scale fisheries-specific legislation. It aims at helping professionals engaged in dialogue on policy and legislation processes and actions at all levels relating to small-scale fisheries, as well as at academic institutions and members of the general public interested in the subject (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. In the context of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the collaborative research initiative One Ocean Hub have been collaborating to raise awareness of the full scope of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. This policy brief aims to clarify the scope of the international human rights-based approach, including the corresponding State obligations, and to highlight how the coherent protection of these rights supports the realization of multiple Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements (https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). • Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA (e.g. WWF, Blue Ventures. Significance of Hub's contributions was evident from invitation to Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, to present Hub's research findings at the official high-level closing ceremony of IYAFA at the FAO headquarters in Rome (see outcomes section of this entry). In 2024, the Hub is working with FAO, SSF Hub, and supporters of IYAFA to strategise and plan for the upcoming SSF Summit that will take place in July 2024. This collaboration has achieved societal impacts by (1) raising awareness on the needs, interests, and human rights of small-scale fishers among national and international stakeholders and (2) strengthening the capacity of a total of 1,466 stakeholders from diverse professional categories including small-scale fisher, researcher, public sector, NGO, and international organization from Africa, South Pacific, the Caribbean, Asia Europe and North America. Events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration have also strengthened gender equality because they speak to predominantly women audience. On average 56% of attendees were women. This is interesting because despite marine sector is a male dominated sector, all our events spoke to a predominately female audience, which also showed the interests and needs for capacity building for women in this field.
Impact Resultant Outcomes • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022, co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. Available from here https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries" published in October 2022, available from here: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881). • A joint policy brief by FAO, One Ocean Hub, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. Available from here: https://ssflex.fao.org/). • One Ocean Hub's small-scale fisheries focused webpage: https://oneoceanhub.org/iyafa/. Peer-reviewed journal articles • Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • Golo HK, Erinosho B. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • Ibrahim S and Golo HK. (2023). "Right to Culture in Marine Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Ghana: Reflections of FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Maritime Studies (under review, submitted September 2023). • Kulundu-Bolus I, McGarry D and Lotz-Sisitka R "Think Piece: Learning, Living and Leading into Transgression - A reflection on decolonial praxis in a neoliberal world." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 36, pp.111-130, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v36i1.14. • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Mbatha P (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Nakamura J, Weston JCL and Lennan M (2023). "International Legal Responses for Protecting Fishers' Fundamental Rights Impacted by a Changing Ocean." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38 (2023, pp. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10141. • Pereira T and Erwin K (2023). "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice, Ecosystems and People, 19:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Rudolph TB, Ruckelshaus M, Swilling M, Allison EH, Österblom H, Gelcich S & Mbatha P. (2020). "A transition to sustainable ocean governance." Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2 • Sowman M et al (2021). "Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Sowman M and Sunde J (2021). "A Just transition? Navigating the process of policy implementation in small-scale fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104683 • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. • Morgera E and Nakamura J, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2 Book chapters: • Ansah JW, Oduro GY, and Wilson D. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Christoffels-du Plessis A., Erinosha, B., Major L., Morgera E., Sunde J. and Vermeylen S. Navigating a sea of laws: Small-scale Fishing Communities and Customary Rights in Ghana and South Africa. In Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (Eds) The Palgrave Book of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan. Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Christoffels-Du Plessis, A., and Sunde, J. 2020. Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for small-scale fisheries in South Africa. In Kerezi, V., Nakamura, J., El Halimi, M., and Chuenpagdee, R. (Eds.) Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries: Global Illustrations. TBTI Global Publication Series, St. John's, NL, Canada, http://toobigtoignore.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/South-Africa_01.pdf • Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. • Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Kanyimba AT & Jonas MN (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15 • Warikandwa TV, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f • Warikandwa TW, Shakalela E, Libebe EL (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14. • Warikandwa TW (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • B Erinosho, L Major, E Morgera, J Sunde and S Vermeylen. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • JW Ansah, GY Oduro, and D Wilson. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Book chapter: E Morgera and J Nakamura, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • HK Golo, S Ibrahim, B Erinosho. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Blogposts and other publications summarising the events and engagements. • Erinosho B, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/. • Febrica S. "Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks," 29 November 2020, https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fisheries-and-blue-justice/. • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised a workshop on sustainable small-scale fisheries law," 28 April 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/1939-2/ • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised webinar on Namibia's small-scale fisheries," 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-food-and-agriculture-organization-and-the-one-ocean-hub-co-organised-webinar-on-namibias-small-scale-fisheries/. • Febrica S, Nakamura J, Sunde J & Warikandwa T, "Strengthening knowledge on national policy and law and their alignment with the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines," 31 January 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/. • Khan U, "Exploring the blue carbon potential in Namibia," 3 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-blue-carbon-potential-in-namibia/. • Morgera E, "Key messages: high level event on small-scale fishers' rights," June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/ • Mthombeni M, "I took my ancestors to the United Nations, and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs," 10 July 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Empatheatre - Changing Understandings and Engagements with ocean dependent communities: Lalela uLwandle," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives Through Documentary Filmmaking," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana -Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-Scale Fisheries," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-scale Fisheries," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact story: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives through Documentary Filmmaking," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Fishers' songs from Ghana to Glasgow - A documentary film 'Cocooned in harmony' screens at the Centre for contemporary arts, "6 April 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-songs-from-ghana-to-glasgow-a-documentary-film-cocooned-in-harmony-screens-at-the-centre-of-contemporary-arts/ • One Ocean Hub, "Partnering with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries," 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-for-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries/. • One Ocean Hub, "Opening a platform for women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana," 29 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ • One Ocean Hub, "Welcoming local NGOs as Hub partners in Ghana, Namibia and South Africa: from seaweed education to human rights legal support," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/welcoming-local-ngos-as-hub-partners-in-ghana-namibia-and-south-africa-from-seaweed-education-to-human-rights-legal-support/ • One Ocean Hub, "Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ • One Ocean Hub, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Pereira T, Francis B and McGarry D, "The unexpected impact of a letter to the minister from One Ocean Hub researchers resulting in an opportunity to facilitate counter hegemonic mapping into transgressive ocean decision making for Amathole Marine Protected Area, South Africa, 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researchers-resulting-in-an-opportunity-to-facilitate-counter-hegemonic-mapping-into-transgressive-ocean-decision-making-for-amath/ • Pereira Kaplan T , "The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment" judge rules in the Shell seismic survey case, 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ • Pereira Kaplan T, "Deepening partnerships with small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/. • Sowman M, Sunde J and Lambrecht M, "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the west coast of South Africa," 7 September 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ • Sunde J. (2022). "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121 https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ • Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. • Samuel MM, Tshiningayamwe S, Jonas M and Kanyimba A. "Exploring ocean benefits, challenges, and prospects with Namibian coastal communities," 4 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-ocean-benefits-challenges-and-prospects-with-namibian-coastal-communities/ • Sunde J, "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Tshiningayamwe S, "Working with marginalised communities for more equitable ocean decision-making and other news from Namibia," 27 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-marginalised-communities-for-more-equitable-ocean-decision-making-and-other-news-from-namibia/. • Veii A and Nghipangelwa S, "Working in a transdisciplinary team to understand climate vulnerability on recreational fishing in Namibia," 26 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part One)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part Two)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/ • Wilson D, "Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa," 1 March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ • Wilson D, "Customary law, tangible and intangible heritage, and ocean governance workshops," 27 June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/ Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • UN Ocean Conference side-event titled "Small in scale, big in value: Stocktaking, partnerships and solutions in support of small-scale fisheries" (led by FAO), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). For more information see here: https://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1529971/. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was invited to: Act as lead discussant at the Interactive dialogue 4 "Making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets," 29 June 2024, in the Tejo Hall of the Conference venue. The event was attended by 50 attendees. For further information, see here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/making-fisheries-sustainable-and-providing-access-small-scale-artisanal-fishers-marine; watch the recording here: https://media.un.org/en/asset/k18/k185g5nkrg Capacity Building Session for UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni in 2020 • Covid-19 Impacts on the South African Small Scale Fisheries Sector: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDeJJG3qt0E. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdbVNhHf6Q. This event was attended by 62 attendees. Workshops co-organised with FAO • Regional Training Workshop on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries, 12-15 April 2021 in South Africa, Namibia and Ghana (April 2021). A total of 177 attendees (57 attendees on Day 1; 47 attendees on Day 2; 43 attendees on Day 3 and 30 attendees on Day 4). • The FAO led Parallel session #4.1 - "SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database" at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress Africa, 21 November 2022. This event was attended by 100 attendees. • A series of two days events titled "Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries: Towards a National Plan of Action for Small Scale Fisheries in Namibia" on 10th-11th June 2021. These series were attended by 70 attendees. UN World Oceans Day Events • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording is available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU. This event was attended by 54 attendees. • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants. GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School • Professor Elisa Morgera and Dr Dylan McGarry presentations in for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: - Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • One Ocean Hub's three led panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022: - The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small scale fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Video, film outputs • Photo-story: Small-scale fishers and human rights, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhqzgSCjfug. • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • Defenders of the Ocean, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'COP27 Children and Youth Pavilion speaker: Camila Awo Dzidzor One Ocean Hub', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A
Start Year 2021
 
Description BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES 
Organisation University of Strathclyde
Department Strathclyde Law School
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution This partnership began in 2021 through the FAO's existing programme to support national implementation of the FAO Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) through national legislation. To support this, One Ocean Hub co-hosted with FAO regional workshops with government, community, research, and NGO representation from Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, to identify legislative barriers to the implementation of the FAO voluntary SSF guidelines in each country, thereby contributing to national research, while co-developing a global instrument, the FAO SSF Policy and Legal diagnostic tool in April 2021. Co-design of the regional workshop with South African researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network allowed FAO to shift from a top-down approach that focused on discussing what international law requires from governments to an approach informed by local context, and responds to specific needs of SSF, through international law when national law falls short. Hub researchers facilitated SSF representatives' direct participation in the workshop in varied ways, including voice or video messages that communicated their priorities. SSF and government representatives, as well as non-legal researchers were made aware of how international law is (or is not) applied in the context of South Africa, Ghana and Namibia. This is now informing planning of further inter-disciplinary research that will guide strategies on partnerships with governments and SSF in Ghana. In addition, this regional event led to a follow-up event specifically for Namibia, in collaboration with the FAO, the Hub and the Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Namibia. The webinar series organised on 10-11 June 2021 was titled 'Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries.' It was aimed at providing the evidence required to support the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, which the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which was published in 2022 as part of its commitment to implement the FAO SSF Guidelines. The workshop provided an opportunity to integrate the early research findings from the One Ocean Hub into the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, notably with regard to the inclusion of the views of indigenous communities that have been displaced from the coast (Topnaar). This event led to an invitation for nominations for two experts to sit on Namibia's national task force on SSF (upon acceptance by the Ministry of Fisheries). The key research findings that were shared with FAO focused on the approaches to: • redress marginalisation of previously disadvantaged communities including those that have been historically removed from the coast e.g. the Topnaar community), and • address the diverse capacity-building needs of different stakeholder groups that are expected to benefit from or contribute to implementation (SSF associations, SSF women and youth, town councils, NGOs, and primary schools). In addition, FAO invited the Hub to co-develop two e-learning courses on implementation of the FAO Guidelines on SSF to be housed on the FAO E-learning Academy website (https://elearning.fao.org/). The courses are meant to respond to government officers' and fishers' needs respectively, to implement the FAO Guidelines. The latter will allow SSF to obtain an international certification on the FAO E-learning Academy that contributes to their professional development and recognition of SSF. Two papers by Hub colleagues in Ghana and South Africa were integrated as case studies in the first FAO e-learning course on SSF law and policy (in additions to insights arising from the joint Hub-FAO workshops). A new e-learning course will be co-developed in 2023 with a view to directly addressing the question and challenges of small-scale fishers in invoking international law and human rights in their daily interactions with authorities and other stakeholders, based on Hub partnerships with small-scale fishing organizations in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. In addition, this allowed the Hub to bring together FAO and UNEP into a joint event during World Oceans Week 2021 to discuss directly with SSF representatives from South Africa key challenges. Towards the end of 2021, the collaboration with FAO led to an ambitious joint programme of work to advance the human rights-based approach to small scale fisheries as part of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The joint programme of work advanced understanding of the multiple threats to the rights of small-scale fishers to have a voice in decisions affecting their lives, health, culture and livelihoods, and garner further support for small-scale fishers that act as environmental human rights defenders. We shared key research insights and supported small-scale fisheries representatives to speak directly about their human rights concerns in a high-level event at World Ocean Week (WOW) 2022, to the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment participated. In June 2022, the Hub was invited to join the panelists of the High-level Interactive Dialogue on Fisheries at the UN Ocean Conference, and shared on that occasion the key messages from the WOW event (see report summarising key messages shared during the event here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/). These were then published in late 2022 as the first joint policy brief between FAO and the UNOHCHR, together with the Hub: "Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals" (Available here: https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). This joint programme of work also furthered partnerships with various civil society organizations. WWF Accelerating Coastal Community Led Conservation Initiative for the Oceans Practice reached out to the Hub to join efforts for IYAFA, including joint events at the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 on the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. WWF further invited the One Ocean Hub to join: the Blue Food Alliance that aims to transform our food system to focus on health, justice, and environmental sustainability; and the SSF Network, which arose from the first SSF Summit in September 2022. In addition, Naturskyddsföreningen (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation), Blue Venture, the Too-Big-To-Ignore research programme, and the IUCN Specialist Group on People and the Ocean approached the Hub to contribute to the programme of work for IYAFA. All these civil society partners emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. For the official closing of IYAFA (March 2023), the FAO invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to speak at the high-level closing event and the Empatheatre team from South Africa to perform "Listen to the Sea" immediately afterwards. FAO and the Hub also co-organised a series of hybrid events prior to the closing event: a workshop on art-based approaches to the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa, to explore their replicability in UN and NGO projects (Wed 29th March); a hybrid training on human rights and fisheries with the UNOHCHR and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (29th March); and a hybrid roundtable on WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and small-scale fishers' human rights (31st March). As a result of these activities, the Hub's recommendations on integrating human rights in the agenda of the second SSF Summit (scheduled in July 2024; more information here: https://ssfhub.org/ssf-summit-2024) were included and the Hub was invited to become an official partner of the SSF Hub which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community, and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (November 2023). FAO invited Elisa Morgera to a workshop, 14-16 November 2023, (https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-workshop-towards-creating-an-enabling-environment-for-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries/), Rome that brought together regional and global partners, as well as from various countries, and small-scale fisheries organisations, for experience sharing and learning on the work conducted to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines worldwide, as well as exploring potential areas of future work and collaboration and further enhancing awareness and knowledge of the SSF Guidelines. https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ Finally, the Hub summarised key findings from all these activities in a written submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, who will devote his 2024 report to fisheries, with a focus on the SSF Guidelines. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy. • partner organisations based in the Global South: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; ICCA Consortium, Malaysia; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; Abalobi, South Africa; SmartFish AC, Mexico. • Research organization based in the Global North: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Switzerland; Blue Ventures, UK; Too Big To Ignore, Canada; The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty's Fisheries Working Group, Italy; Conservation International, US; Environmental Defense Fund, US; Fauna & Flora, UK; Blue Ventures, UK; Ocean Outcomes, US; Wildlife Conservation Society, US; Rare, US; WildAid, US; Future of Fish Seattle, US; International Institute for Environment and Development, UK; International Pole & Line Foundation, UK; Oceana, US.
Collaborator Contribution FAO supported the development of the Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) and had already run a pilot regional workshop on their implementation through legislation. FAO is a member of the Executive Team of the One Ocean Hub and based on the early findings from the Hub on the need to further clarify the human rights-based approach to fisheries (Morgera and Nakamura, 2021), FAO invited the Hub to co-develop a diagnostic tool, co-organize another regional workshop in Hub countries and develop further e-learning tools. FAO provided USD 37,450 of in-kind match funding from FAO consultants to support course development. To support the planning and the organisation of the joint programme for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries in 2022, the FAO and UNEP has also provided in-kind support, in the form of staff time. The expansion of the partnership to the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a first for the ocean community and has provided invaluable insights for the Hub researchers, and their UN and civil society partners on how to rely on the international human rights monitoring system to support small-scale fishers on the ground when governments are falling behind in implementing their international commitments. The partnership has brought together a new Hub's inter-disciplinary team that has connected research across disciplines and scales. University of Strathclyde, Law School, Nelson Mandela University, University of Cape Coast and University of Namibia provide legal expertise. Rhodes University, Cape Town University, University of Namibia and University of Cape Coast provide sociological research co-developed with small-scale fishing communities. As an inter-disciplinary and cross-scale group we made significant progress towards channeling available legal, technical and strategic international support towards ocean-dependent communities in focus countries, as well as upscaling relevant findings to benefit other ODA-recipient countries. We contributed to focusing international support on SSF according to their needs as co-identified with Hub researchers. Our cross-scale approach has also opened pathways for marshalling international support towards, indigenous peoples and coastal communities negatively affected by blue economy initiatives ("ocean defenders"), and women and children negatively affected by unsustainable uses of the ocean. Support at the international level lends cachet to local advocacy efforts and influences systemic change at the national level. We achieved this progress by developing work programmes with international partners that are active across scales (national, regional and international), forming a nested approach to pathways to the Hub's national and international impact, and by: • co-developing research from the outset with international partners; • systematically sharing early findings through partners' ongoing capacity-building activities or co-developing new capacity-building activities, to engage in direct dialogue with their beneficiary country representatives; • proactively sharing early findings that contribute to international partners' own planning and agenda-setting activities; and • strategically utilising the strength of Hub partnerships with international organisations to leverage further support towards Hub objectives from other international partners. In doing so, we have built the capacity of: • South African, Ghanaian and Namibian community representatives to engage directly in international debates, while addressing their practical constraints and other, more pressing demands on their time; • communities to participate in national policy-making processes; • researchers to engage directly with international partners, as an essential skillset for researchers who have not yet worked across scales, so they can develop meaningful cross-scale networks; and • international partners and processes to adapt their modalities to accommodate community representatives' needs. As part of the Hub's ongoing partnership with FAO, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa contributed to the development and launch of a new international database called SSF-LEX (https://ssflex.fao.org/) that serves to identify relevant national law and policy instruments for small-scale fisheries and to assess whether there is alignment with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. It provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The purpose of the database is to help identify good State practices and needs for improvements. Hub early-career researcher Julia Nakamura (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-led the team in FAO that developed SSF-LEX, while Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tapiwa Warikandwa (University of Namibia, Namibia) reviewed and contributed to the SSF-LEX's country profiles of Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa (More information on Hub's contributions to the SSF-LEX is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). Julia Nakamura co-organised the launch of 'SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database' at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress-Africa (Cape Town, South Africa, 21-23 November 2022) on 23 November 2022, with a view to addressing fisheries managers, legal practitioners, scientists, academics, governments representatives, non-governmental stakeholders, fishers, and fishing communities. Jackie Sunde was invited as a panelists, who reflected on the usefulness of SSF-LEX to fishers, academics and human rights lawyers, from the South African perspective (More information on the SSF-LEX launch event could be found here: https://www.fao.org/legal-services/news/news-detail/en/c/1624163/). In November 2023, the Hub became an official partner of the Small-Scale Fisheries Resource & Collaboration Hub ("SSF Hub"), which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The Hub has been participating in regular meetings with the SSF Hub partners, sharing research, approaches and resources to support the following vision: "Small-scale fisheries and communities that are resilient, thriving and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) (https://oneoceanhub.org/becoming-official-partners-of-the-ssf-hub/). In October 2023 the SSF Hub shared various resources in their online library/ resources database such as our video recordings of "Fostering Cooperation Among Relevant UN bodies to Advance Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights" organised for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 14 November 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fostering-cooperation-among-relevant-un-bodies-advance-small-scale-fishers-human-rights); "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities & Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" organized on 7 June 2023 for the UN World Oceans Day 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/exploring-challenges-opportunities-alliances-protection-small-scale-fishers-human-rights) and "A Fishing Heritage in Peril", Artwork from DEEP Fund Project 'Fishers Tales" (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fishing-heritage-peril-artwork-deep-fund-project-fishers-tales). A complete list of the One Ocean Hub resources that are available on the SSF Hub can be found here: https://ssfhub.org/contributing-organization/one-ocean-hub. The Hub contributed to three submissions to the call by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to give inputs on his upcoming report on fisheries: • The KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum provided evidence on limitations in public participation in decision-making in South Africa, including on oil and gas development, as well as ocean master plan and marine protected areas. In addition, the evidence called attention to the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' tenure. • Jackie Sunde, University of Cape Town, also provided evidence on the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa in the context of the expansion of marine transport, ports and energy infrastructure. The submission also noted the need to recognize women's contributions to the value chain in the traditional line fish sector, as it provides multiple sources of food to different groups in a community but is not factored into fisheries policy making and rights allocation. More information here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/e19cnpbel7h4a7lap7ked6fdch. • A submission by Elisa Morgera shared comparative insights from research in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia and in the Caribbean, about the misrecognition and disrespect of the cultural rights of small-scale fishers (their spiritual and cultural connections to marine spaces, their distinctive knowledge systems, and their customary laws) - within and outside the fisheries sector - as one of the root causes of the violations of their right to food, as well as their participation in relevant policy processes. This submission also pointed to: lack of strategic environmental assessments for various policy areas that negatively affect fisheries and marine biodiversity (such as mining, infrastructure development, tourism), as well as the lack of national legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for large-scale fisheries (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12462); the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; and good practices that have strengthened the recognition, protection and remedies for small-scale fishers (Empatheatre in South Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf; documentary on fishers' songs in Ghana, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf; documentary with displaced Indigenous peoples in Namibia, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; Coastal Justice Network in South Africa, https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/; and pop-up clinics to provide women in small-scale fishing communities legal advice, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf: and direct academic research and action towards their legal needs. Read the written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/m1aqqg2i11g7dmfa1ddsvqpvag. This collaboration has brought notable policy impacts. As explained above, Hub's research, experience, and practices have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. The Tool aims to support the identification of barriers and opportunities to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) in the Context of Food in national laws and policies. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022). This five-lesson course provides guidance on how to assess existing legal and policy frameworks for fisheries in a specific country, explains how to legislate for small-scale fisheries, and outlines the main components of small-scale fisheries-specific legislation. It aims at helping professionals engaged in dialogue on policy and legislation processes and actions at all levels relating to small-scale fisheries, as well as at academic institutions and members of the general public interested in the subject (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. In the context of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the collaborative research initiative One Ocean Hub have been collaborating to raise awareness of the full scope of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. This policy brief aims to clarify the scope of the international human rights-based approach, including the corresponding State obligations, and to highlight how the coherent protection of these rights supports the realization of multiple Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements (https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). • Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA (e.g. WWF, Blue Ventures. Significance of Hub's contributions was evident from invitation to Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, to present Hub's research findings at the official high-level closing ceremony of IYAFA at the FAO headquarters in Rome (see outcomes section of this entry). In 2024, the Hub is working with FAO, SSF Hub, and supporters of IYAFA to strategise and plan for the upcoming SSF Summit that will take place in July 2024. This collaboration has achieved societal impacts by (1) raising awareness on the needs, interests, and human rights of small-scale fishers among national and international stakeholders and (2) strengthening the capacity of a total of 1,466 stakeholders from diverse professional categories including small-scale fisher, researcher, public sector, NGO, and international organization from Africa, South Pacific, the Caribbean, Asia Europe and North America. Events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration have also strengthened gender equality because they speak to predominantly women audience. On average 56% of attendees were women. This is interesting because despite marine sector is a male dominated sector, all our events spoke to a predominately female audience, which also showed the interests and needs for capacity building for women in this field.
Impact Resultant Outcomes • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022, co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. Available from here https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries" published in October 2022, available from here: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881). • A joint policy brief by FAO, One Ocean Hub, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. Available from here: https://ssflex.fao.org/). • One Ocean Hub's small-scale fisheries focused webpage: https://oneoceanhub.org/iyafa/. Peer-reviewed journal articles • Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • Golo HK, Erinosho B. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • Ibrahim S and Golo HK. (2023). "Right to Culture in Marine Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Ghana: Reflections of FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Maritime Studies (under review, submitted September 2023). • Kulundu-Bolus I, McGarry D and Lotz-Sisitka R "Think Piece: Learning, Living and Leading into Transgression - A reflection on decolonial praxis in a neoliberal world." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 36, pp.111-130, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v36i1.14. • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Mbatha P (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Nakamura J, Weston JCL and Lennan M (2023). "International Legal Responses for Protecting Fishers' Fundamental Rights Impacted by a Changing Ocean." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38 (2023, pp. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10141. • Pereira T and Erwin K (2023). "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice, Ecosystems and People, 19:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Rudolph TB, Ruckelshaus M, Swilling M, Allison EH, Österblom H, Gelcich S & Mbatha P. (2020). "A transition to sustainable ocean governance." Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2 • Sowman M et al (2021). "Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Sowman M and Sunde J (2021). "A Just transition? Navigating the process of policy implementation in small-scale fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104683 • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. • Morgera E and Nakamura J, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2 Book chapters: • Ansah JW, Oduro GY, and Wilson D. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Christoffels-du Plessis A., Erinosha, B., Major L., Morgera E., Sunde J. and Vermeylen S. Navigating a sea of laws: Small-scale Fishing Communities and Customary Rights in Ghana and South Africa. In Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (Eds) The Palgrave Book of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan. Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Christoffels-Du Plessis, A., and Sunde, J. 2020. Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for small-scale fisheries in South Africa. In Kerezi, V., Nakamura, J., El Halimi, M., and Chuenpagdee, R. (Eds.) Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries: Global Illustrations. TBTI Global Publication Series, St. John's, NL, Canada, http://toobigtoignore.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/South-Africa_01.pdf • Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. • Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Kanyimba AT & Jonas MN (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15 • Warikandwa TV, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f • Warikandwa TW, Shakalela E, Libebe EL (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14. • Warikandwa TW (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • B Erinosho, L Major, E Morgera, J Sunde and S Vermeylen. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • JW Ansah, GY Oduro, and D Wilson. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Book chapter: E Morgera and J Nakamura, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • HK Golo, S Ibrahim, B Erinosho. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Blogposts and other publications summarising the events and engagements. • Erinosho B, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/. • Febrica S. "Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks," 29 November 2020, https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fisheries-and-blue-justice/. • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised a workshop on sustainable small-scale fisheries law," 28 April 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/1939-2/ • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised webinar on Namibia's small-scale fisheries," 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-food-and-agriculture-organization-and-the-one-ocean-hub-co-organised-webinar-on-namibias-small-scale-fisheries/. • Febrica S, Nakamura J, Sunde J & Warikandwa T, "Strengthening knowledge on national policy and law and their alignment with the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines," 31 January 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/. • Khan U, "Exploring the blue carbon potential in Namibia," 3 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-blue-carbon-potential-in-namibia/. • Morgera E, "Key messages: high level event on small-scale fishers' rights," June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/ • Mthombeni M, "I took my ancestors to the United Nations, and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs," 10 July 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Empatheatre - Changing Understandings and Engagements with ocean dependent communities: Lalela uLwandle," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives Through Documentary Filmmaking," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana -Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-Scale Fisheries," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-scale Fisheries," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact story: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives through Documentary Filmmaking," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Fishers' songs from Ghana to Glasgow - A documentary film 'Cocooned in harmony' screens at the Centre for contemporary arts, "6 April 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-songs-from-ghana-to-glasgow-a-documentary-film-cocooned-in-harmony-screens-at-the-centre-of-contemporary-arts/ • One Ocean Hub, "Partnering with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries," 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-for-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries/. • One Ocean Hub, "Opening a platform for women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana," 29 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ • One Ocean Hub, "Welcoming local NGOs as Hub partners in Ghana, Namibia and South Africa: from seaweed education to human rights legal support," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/welcoming-local-ngos-as-hub-partners-in-ghana-namibia-and-south-africa-from-seaweed-education-to-human-rights-legal-support/ • One Ocean Hub, "Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ • One Ocean Hub, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Pereira T, Francis B and McGarry D, "The unexpected impact of a letter to the minister from One Ocean Hub researchers resulting in an opportunity to facilitate counter hegemonic mapping into transgressive ocean decision making for Amathole Marine Protected Area, South Africa, 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researchers-resulting-in-an-opportunity-to-facilitate-counter-hegemonic-mapping-into-transgressive-ocean-decision-making-for-amath/ • Pereira Kaplan T , "The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment" judge rules in the Shell seismic survey case, 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ • Pereira Kaplan T, "Deepening partnerships with small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/. • Sowman M, Sunde J and Lambrecht M, "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the west coast of South Africa," 7 September 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ • Sunde J. (2022). "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121 https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ • Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. • Samuel MM, Tshiningayamwe S, Jonas M and Kanyimba A. "Exploring ocean benefits, challenges, and prospects with Namibian coastal communities," 4 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-ocean-benefits-challenges-and-prospects-with-namibian-coastal-communities/ • Sunde J, "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Tshiningayamwe S, "Working with marginalised communities for more equitable ocean decision-making and other news from Namibia," 27 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-marginalised-communities-for-more-equitable-ocean-decision-making-and-other-news-from-namibia/. • Veii A and Nghipangelwa S, "Working in a transdisciplinary team to understand climate vulnerability on recreational fishing in Namibia," 26 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part One)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part Two)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/ • Wilson D, "Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa," 1 March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ • Wilson D, "Customary law, tangible and intangible heritage, and ocean governance workshops," 27 June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/ Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • UN Ocean Conference side-event titled "Small in scale, big in value: Stocktaking, partnerships and solutions in support of small-scale fisheries" (led by FAO), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). For more information see here: https://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1529971/. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was invited to: Act as lead discussant at the Interactive dialogue 4 "Making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets," 29 June 2024, in the Tejo Hall of the Conference venue. The event was attended by 50 attendees. For further information, see here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/making-fisheries-sustainable-and-providing-access-small-scale-artisanal-fishers-marine; watch the recording here: https://media.un.org/en/asset/k18/k185g5nkrg Capacity Building Session for UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni in 2020 • Covid-19 Impacts on the South African Small Scale Fisheries Sector: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDeJJG3qt0E. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdbVNhHf6Q. This event was attended by 62 attendees. Workshops co-organised with FAO • Regional Training Workshop on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries, 12-15 April 2021 in South Africa, Namibia and Ghana (April 2021). A total of 177 attendees (57 attendees on Day 1; 47 attendees on Day 2; 43 attendees on Day 3 and 30 attendees on Day 4). • The FAO led Parallel session #4.1 - "SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database" at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress Africa, 21 November 2022. This event was attended by 100 attendees. • A series of two days events titled "Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries: Towards a National Plan of Action for Small Scale Fisheries in Namibia" on 10th-11th June 2021. These series were attended by 70 attendees. UN World Oceans Day Events • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording is available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU. This event was attended by 54 attendees. • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants. GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School • Professor Elisa Morgera and Dr Dylan McGarry presentations in for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: - Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • One Ocean Hub's three led panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022: - The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small scale fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Video, film outputs • Photo-story: Small-scale fishers and human rights, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhqzgSCjfug. • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • Defenders of the Ocean, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'COP27 Children and Youth Pavilion speaker: Camila Awo Dzidzor One Ocean Hub', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A
Start Year 2021
 
Description BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES 
Organisation Wildlife Conservation Society
Country United States 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution This partnership began in 2021 through the FAO's existing programme to support national implementation of the FAO Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) through national legislation. To support this, One Ocean Hub co-hosted with FAO regional workshops with government, community, research, and NGO representation from Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, to identify legislative barriers to the implementation of the FAO voluntary SSF guidelines in each country, thereby contributing to national research, while co-developing a global instrument, the FAO SSF Policy and Legal diagnostic tool in April 2021. Co-design of the regional workshop with South African researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network allowed FAO to shift from a top-down approach that focused on discussing what international law requires from governments to an approach informed by local context, and responds to specific needs of SSF, through international law when national law falls short. Hub researchers facilitated SSF representatives' direct participation in the workshop in varied ways, including voice or video messages that communicated their priorities. SSF and government representatives, as well as non-legal researchers were made aware of how international law is (or is not) applied in the context of South Africa, Ghana and Namibia. This is now informing planning of further inter-disciplinary research that will guide strategies on partnerships with governments and SSF in Ghana. In addition, this regional event led to a follow-up event specifically for Namibia, in collaboration with the FAO, the Hub and the Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Namibia. The webinar series organised on 10-11 June 2021 was titled 'Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries.' It was aimed at providing the evidence required to support the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, which the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which was published in 2022 as part of its commitment to implement the FAO SSF Guidelines. The workshop provided an opportunity to integrate the early research findings from the One Ocean Hub into the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, notably with regard to the inclusion of the views of indigenous communities that have been displaced from the coast (Topnaar). This event led to an invitation for nominations for two experts to sit on Namibia's national task force on SSF (upon acceptance by the Ministry of Fisheries). The key research findings that were shared with FAO focused on the approaches to: • redress marginalisation of previously disadvantaged communities including those that have been historically removed from the coast e.g. the Topnaar community), and • address the diverse capacity-building needs of different stakeholder groups that are expected to benefit from or contribute to implementation (SSF associations, SSF women and youth, town councils, NGOs, and primary schools). In addition, FAO invited the Hub to co-develop two e-learning courses on implementation of the FAO Guidelines on SSF to be housed on the FAO E-learning Academy website (https://elearning.fao.org/). The courses are meant to respond to government officers' and fishers' needs respectively, to implement the FAO Guidelines. The latter will allow SSF to obtain an international certification on the FAO E-learning Academy that contributes to their professional development and recognition of SSF. Two papers by Hub colleagues in Ghana and South Africa were integrated as case studies in the first FAO e-learning course on SSF law and policy (in additions to insights arising from the joint Hub-FAO workshops). A new e-learning course will be co-developed in 2023 with a view to directly addressing the question and challenges of small-scale fishers in invoking international law and human rights in their daily interactions with authorities and other stakeholders, based on Hub partnerships with small-scale fishing organizations in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. In addition, this allowed the Hub to bring together FAO and UNEP into a joint event during World Oceans Week 2021 to discuss directly with SSF representatives from South Africa key challenges. Towards the end of 2021, the collaboration with FAO led to an ambitious joint programme of work to advance the human rights-based approach to small scale fisheries as part of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The joint programme of work advanced understanding of the multiple threats to the rights of small-scale fishers to have a voice in decisions affecting their lives, health, culture and livelihoods, and garner further support for small-scale fishers that act as environmental human rights defenders. We shared key research insights and supported small-scale fisheries representatives to speak directly about their human rights concerns in a high-level event at World Ocean Week (WOW) 2022, to the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment participated. In June 2022, the Hub was invited to join the panelists of the High-level Interactive Dialogue on Fisheries at the UN Ocean Conference, and shared on that occasion the key messages from the WOW event (see report summarising key messages shared during the event here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/). These were then published in late 2022 as the first joint policy brief between FAO and the UNOHCHR, together with the Hub: "Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals" (Available here: https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). This joint programme of work also furthered partnerships with various civil society organizations. WWF Accelerating Coastal Community Led Conservation Initiative for the Oceans Practice reached out to the Hub to join efforts for IYAFA, including joint events at the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 on the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. WWF further invited the One Ocean Hub to join: the Blue Food Alliance that aims to transform our food system to focus on health, justice, and environmental sustainability; and the SSF Network, which arose from the first SSF Summit in September 2022. In addition, Naturskyddsföreningen (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation), Blue Venture, the Too-Big-To-Ignore research programme, and the IUCN Specialist Group on People and the Ocean approached the Hub to contribute to the programme of work for IYAFA. All these civil society partners emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. For the official closing of IYAFA (March 2023), the FAO invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to speak at the high-level closing event and the Empatheatre team from South Africa to perform "Listen to the Sea" immediately afterwards. FAO and the Hub also co-organised a series of hybrid events prior to the closing event: a workshop on art-based approaches to the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa, to explore their replicability in UN and NGO projects (Wed 29th March); a hybrid training on human rights and fisheries with the UNOHCHR and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (29th March); and a hybrid roundtable on WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and small-scale fishers' human rights (31st March). As a result of these activities, the Hub's recommendations on integrating human rights in the agenda of the second SSF Summit (scheduled in July 2024; more information here: https://ssfhub.org/ssf-summit-2024) were included and the Hub was invited to become an official partner of the SSF Hub which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community, and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (November 2023). FAO invited Elisa Morgera to a workshop, 14-16 November 2023, (https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-workshop-towards-creating-an-enabling-environment-for-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries/), Rome that brought together regional and global partners, as well as from various countries, and small-scale fisheries organisations, for experience sharing and learning on the work conducted to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines worldwide, as well as exploring potential areas of future work and collaboration and further enhancing awareness and knowledge of the SSF Guidelines. https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ Finally, the Hub summarised key findings from all these activities in a written submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, who will devote his 2024 report to fisheries, with a focus on the SSF Guidelines. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy. • partner organisations based in the Global South: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; ICCA Consortium, Malaysia; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; Abalobi, South Africa; SmartFish AC, Mexico. • Research organization based in the Global North: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Switzerland; Blue Ventures, UK; Too Big To Ignore, Canada; The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty's Fisheries Working Group, Italy; Conservation International, US; Environmental Defense Fund, US; Fauna & Flora, UK; Blue Ventures, UK; Ocean Outcomes, US; Wildlife Conservation Society, US; Rare, US; WildAid, US; Future of Fish Seattle, US; International Institute for Environment and Development, UK; International Pole & Line Foundation, UK; Oceana, US.
Collaborator Contribution FAO supported the development of the Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) and had already run a pilot regional workshop on their implementation through legislation. FAO is a member of the Executive Team of the One Ocean Hub and based on the early findings from the Hub on the need to further clarify the human rights-based approach to fisheries (Morgera and Nakamura, 2021), FAO invited the Hub to co-develop a diagnostic tool, co-organize another regional workshop in Hub countries and develop further e-learning tools. FAO provided USD 37,450 of in-kind match funding from FAO consultants to support course development. To support the planning and the organisation of the joint programme for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries in 2022, the FAO and UNEP has also provided in-kind support, in the form of staff time. The expansion of the partnership to the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a first for the ocean community and has provided invaluable insights for the Hub researchers, and their UN and civil society partners on how to rely on the international human rights monitoring system to support small-scale fishers on the ground when governments are falling behind in implementing their international commitments. The partnership has brought together a new Hub's inter-disciplinary team that has connected research across disciplines and scales. University of Strathclyde, Law School, Nelson Mandela University, University of Cape Coast and University of Namibia provide legal expertise. Rhodes University, Cape Town University, University of Namibia and University of Cape Coast provide sociological research co-developed with small-scale fishing communities. As an inter-disciplinary and cross-scale group we made significant progress towards channeling available legal, technical and strategic international support towards ocean-dependent communities in focus countries, as well as upscaling relevant findings to benefit other ODA-recipient countries. We contributed to focusing international support on SSF according to their needs as co-identified with Hub researchers. Our cross-scale approach has also opened pathways for marshalling international support towards, indigenous peoples and coastal communities negatively affected by blue economy initiatives ("ocean defenders"), and women and children negatively affected by unsustainable uses of the ocean. Support at the international level lends cachet to local advocacy efforts and influences systemic change at the national level. We achieved this progress by developing work programmes with international partners that are active across scales (national, regional and international), forming a nested approach to pathways to the Hub's national and international impact, and by: • co-developing research from the outset with international partners; • systematically sharing early findings through partners' ongoing capacity-building activities or co-developing new capacity-building activities, to engage in direct dialogue with their beneficiary country representatives; • proactively sharing early findings that contribute to international partners' own planning and agenda-setting activities; and • strategically utilising the strength of Hub partnerships with international organisations to leverage further support towards Hub objectives from other international partners. In doing so, we have built the capacity of: • South African, Ghanaian and Namibian community representatives to engage directly in international debates, while addressing their practical constraints and other, more pressing demands on their time; • communities to participate in national policy-making processes; • researchers to engage directly with international partners, as an essential skillset for researchers who have not yet worked across scales, so they can develop meaningful cross-scale networks; and • international partners and processes to adapt their modalities to accommodate community representatives' needs. As part of the Hub's ongoing partnership with FAO, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa contributed to the development and launch of a new international database called SSF-LEX (https://ssflex.fao.org/) that serves to identify relevant national law and policy instruments for small-scale fisheries and to assess whether there is alignment with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. It provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The purpose of the database is to help identify good State practices and needs for improvements. Hub early-career researcher Julia Nakamura (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-led the team in FAO that developed SSF-LEX, while Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tapiwa Warikandwa (University of Namibia, Namibia) reviewed and contributed to the SSF-LEX's country profiles of Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa (More information on Hub's contributions to the SSF-LEX is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). Julia Nakamura co-organised the launch of 'SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database' at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress-Africa (Cape Town, South Africa, 21-23 November 2022) on 23 November 2022, with a view to addressing fisheries managers, legal practitioners, scientists, academics, governments representatives, non-governmental stakeholders, fishers, and fishing communities. Jackie Sunde was invited as a panelists, who reflected on the usefulness of SSF-LEX to fishers, academics and human rights lawyers, from the South African perspective (More information on the SSF-LEX launch event could be found here: https://www.fao.org/legal-services/news/news-detail/en/c/1624163/). In November 2023, the Hub became an official partner of the Small-Scale Fisheries Resource & Collaboration Hub ("SSF Hub"), which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The Hub has been participating in regular meetings with the SSF Hub partners, sharing research, approaches and resources to support the following vision: "Small-scale fisheries and communities that are resilient, thriving and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) (https://oneoceanhub.org/becoming-official-partners-of-the-ssf-hub/). In October 2023 the SSF Hub shared various resources in their online library/ resources database such as our video recordings of "Fostering Cooperation Among Relevant UN bodies to Advance Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights" organised for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 14 November 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fostering-cooperation-among-relevant-un-bodies-advance-small-scale-fishers-human-rights); "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities & Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" organized on 7 June 2023 for the UN World Oceans Day 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/exploring-challenges-opportunities-alliances-protection-small-scale-fishers-human-rights) and "A Fishing Heritage in Peril", Artwork from DEEP Fund Project 'Fishers Tales" (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fishing-heritage-peril-artwork-deep-fund-project-fishers-tales). A complete list of the One Ocean Hub resources that are available on the SSF Hub can be found here: https://ssfhub.org/contributing-organization/one-ocean-hub. The Hub contributed to three submissions to the call by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to give inputs on his upcoming report on fisheries: • The KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum provided evidence on limitations in public participation in decision-making in South Africa, including on oil and gas development, as well as ocean master plan and marine protected areas. In addition, the evidence called attention to the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' tenure. • Jackie Sunde, University of Cape Town, also provided evidence on the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa in the context of the expansion of marine transport, ports and energy infrastructure. The submission also noted the need to recognize women's contributions to the value chain in the traditional line fish sector, as it provides multiple sources of food to different groups in a community but is not factored into fisheries policy making and rights allocation. More information here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/e19cnpbel7h4a7lap7ked6fdch. • A submission by Elisa Morgera shared comparative insights from research in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia and in the Caribbean, about the misrecognition and disrespect of the cultural rights of small-scale fishers (their spiritual and cultural connections to marine spaces, their distinctive knowledge systems, and their customary laws) - within and outside the fisheries sector - as one of the root causes of the violations of their right to food, as well as their participation in relevant policy processes. This submission also pointed to: lack of strategic environmental assessments for various policy areas that negatively affect fisheries and marine biodiversity (such as mining, infrastructure development, tourism), as well as the lack of national legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for large-scale fisheries (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12462); the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; and good practices that have strengthened the recognition, protection and remedies for small-scale fishers (Empatheatre in South Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf; documentary on fishers' songs in Ghana, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf; documentary with displaced Indigenous peoples in Namibia, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; Coastal Justice Network in South Africa, https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/; and pop-up clinics to provide women in small-scale fishing communities legal advice, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf: and direct academic research and action towards their legal needs. Read the written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/m1aqqg2i11g7dmfa1ddsvqpvag. This collaboration has brought notable policy impacts. As explained above, Hub's research, experience, and practices have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. The Tool aims to support the identification of barriers and opportunities to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) in the Context of Food in national laws and policies. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022). This five-lesson course provides guidance on how to assess existing legal and policy frameworks for fisheries in a specific country, explains how to legislate for small-scale fisheries, and outlines the main components of small-scale fisheries-specific legislation. It aims at helping professionals engaged in dialogue on policy and legislation processes and actions at all levels relating to small-scale fisheries, as well as at academic institutions and members of the general public interested in the subject (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. In the context of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the collaborative research initiative One Ocean Hub have been collaborating to raise awareness of the full scope of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. This policy brief aims to clarify the scope of the international human rights-based approach, including the corresponding State obligations, and to highlight how the coherent protection of these rights supports the realization of multiple Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements (https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). • Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA (e.g. WWF, Blue Ventures. Significance of Hub's contributions was evident from invitation to Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, to present Hub's research findings at the official high-level closing ceremony of IYAFA at the FAO headquarters in Rome (see outcomes section of this entry). In 2024, the Hub is working with FAO, SSF Hub, and supporters of IYAFA to strategise and plan for the upcoming SSF Summit that will take place in July 2024. This collaboration has achieved societal impacts by (1) raising awareness on the needs, interests, and human rights of small-scale fishers among national and international stakeholders and (2) strengthening the capacity of a total of 1,466 stakeholders from diverse professional categories including small-scale fisher, researcher, public sector, NGO, and international organization from Africa, South Pacific, the Caribbean, Asia Europe and North America. Events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration have also strengthened gender equality because they speak to predominantly women audience. On average 56% of attendees were women. This is interesting because despite marine sector is a male dominated sector, all our events spoke to a predominately female audience, which also showed the interests and needs for capacity building for women in this field.
Impact Resultant Outcomes • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022, co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. Available from here https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries" published in October 2022, available from here: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881). • A joint policy brief by FAO, One Ocean Hub, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. Available from here: https://ssflex.fao.org/). • One Ocean Hub's small-scale fisheries focused webpage: https://oneoceanhub.org/iyafa/. Peer-reviewed journal articles • Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • Golo HK, Erinosho B. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • Ibrahim S and Golo HK. (2023). "Right to Culture in Marine Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Ghana: Reflections of FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Maritime Studies (under review, submitted September 2023). • Kulundu-Bolus I, McGarry D and Lotz-Sisitka R "Think Piece: Learning, Living and Leading into Transgression - A reflection on decolonial praxis in a neoliberal world." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 36, pp.111-130, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v36i1.14. • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Mbatha P (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Nakamura J, Weston JCL and Lennan M (2023). "International Legal Responses for Protecting Fishers' Fundamental Rights Impacted by a Changing Ocean." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38 (2023, pp. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10141. • Pereira T and Erwin K (2023). "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice, Ecosystems and People, 19:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Rudolph TB, Ruckelshaus M, Swilling M, Allison EH, Österblom H, Gelcich S & Mbatha P. (2020). "A transition to sustainable ocean governance." Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2 • Sowman M et al (2021). "Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Sowman M and Sunde J (2021). "A Just transition? Navigating the process of policy implementation in small-scale fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104683 • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. • Morgera E and Nakamura J, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2 Book chapters: • Ansah JW, Oduro GY, and Wilson D. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Christoffels-du Plessis A., Erinosha, B., Major L., Morgera E., Sunde J. and Vermeylen S. Navigating a sea of laws: Small-scale Fishing Communities and Customary Rights in Ghana and South Africa. In Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (Eds) The Palgrave Book of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan. Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Christoffels-Du Plessis, A., and Sunde, J. 2020. Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for small-scale fisheries in South Africa. In Kerezi, V., Nakamura, J., El Halimi, M., and Chuenpagdee, R. (Eds.) Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries: Global Illustrations. TBTI Global Publication Series, St. John's, NL, Canada, http://toobigtoignore.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/South-Africa_01.pdf • Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. • Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Kanyimba AT & Jonas MN (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15 • Warikandwa TV, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f • Warikandwa TW, Shakalela E, Libebe EL (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14. • Warikandwa TW (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • B Erinosho, L Major, E Morgera, J Sunde and S Vermeylen. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • JW Ansah, GY Oduro, and D Wilson. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Book chapter: E Morgera and J Nakamura, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • HK Golo, S Ibrahim, B Erinosho. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Blogposts and other publications summarising the events and engagements. • Erinosho B, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/. • Febrica S. "Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks," 29 November 2020, https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fisheries-and-blue-justice/. • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised a workshop on sustainable small-scale fisheries law," 28 April 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/1939-2/ • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised webinar on Namibia's small-scale fisheries," 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-food-and-agriculture-organization-and-the-one-ocean-hub-co-organised-webinar-on-namibias-small-scale-fisheries/. • Febrica S, Nakamura J, Sunde J & Warikandwa T, "Strengthening knowledge on national policy and law and their alignment with the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines," 31 January 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/. • Khan U, "Exploring the blue carbon potential in Namibia," 3 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-blue-carbon-potential-in-namibia/. • Morgera E, "Key messages: high level event on small-scale fishers' rights," June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/ • Mthombeni M, "I took my ancestors to the United Nations, and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs," 10 July 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Empatheatre - Changing Understandings and Engagements with ocean dependent communities: Lalela uLwandle," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives Through Documentary Filmmaking," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana -Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-Scale Fisheries," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-scale Fisheries," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact story: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives through Documentary Filmmaking," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Fishers' songs from Ghana to Glasgow - A documentary film 'Cocooned in harmony' screens at the Centre for contemporary arts, "6 April 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-songs-from-ghana-to-glasgow-a-documentary-film-cocooned-in-harmony-screens-at-the-centre-of-contemporary-arts/ • One Ocean Hub, "Partnering with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries," 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-for-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries/. • One Ocean Hub, "Opening a platform for women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana," 29 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ • One Ocean Hub, "Welcoming local NGOs as Hub partners in Ghana, Namibia and South Africa: from seaweed education to human rights legal support," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/welcoming-local-ngos-as-hub-partners-in-ghana-namibia-and-south-africa-from-seaweed-education-to-human-rights-legal-support/ • One Ocean Hub, "Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ • One Ocean Hub, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Pereira T, Francis B and McGarry D, "The unexpected impact of a letter to the minister from One Ocean Hub researchers resulting in an opportunity to facilitate counter hegemonic mapping into transgressive ocean decision making for Amathole Marine Protected Area, South Africa, 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researchers-resulting-in-an-opportunity-to-facilitate-counter-hegemonic-mapping-into-transgressive-ocean-decision-making-for-amath/ • Pereira Kaplan T , "The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment" judge rules in the Shell seismic survey case, 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ • Pereira Kaplan T, "Deepening partnerships with small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/. • Sowman M, Sunde J and Lambrecht M, "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the west coast of South Africa," 7 September 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ • Sunde J. (2022). "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121 https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ • Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. • Samuel MM, Tshiningayamwe S, Jonas M and Kanyimba A. "Exploring ocean benefits, challenges, and prospects with Namibian coastal communities," 4 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-ocean-benefits-challenges-and-prospects-with-namibian-coastal-communities/ • Sunde J, "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Tshiningayamwe S, "Working with marginalised communities for more equitable ocean decision-making and other news from Namibia," 27 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-marginalised-communities-for-more-equitable-ocean-decision-making-and-other-news-from-namibia/. • Veii A and Nghipangelwa S, "Working in a transdisciplinary team to understand climate vulnerability on recreational fishing in Namibia," 26 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part One)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part Two)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/ • Wilson D, "Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa," 1 March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ • Wilson D, "Customary law, tangible and intangible heritage, and ocean governance workshops," 27 June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/ Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • UN Ocean Conference side-event titled "Small in scale, big in value: Stocktaking, partnerships and solutions in support of small-scale fisheries" (led by FAO), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). For more information see here: https://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1529971/. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was invited to: Act as lead discussant at the Interactive dialogue 4 "Making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets," 29 June 2024, in the Tejo Hall of the Conference venue. The event was attended by 50 attendees. For further information, see here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/making-fisheries-sustainable-and-providing-access-small-scale-artisanal-fishers-marine; watch the recording here: https://media.un.org/en/asset/k18/k185g5nkrg Capacity Building Session for UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni in 2020 • Covid-19 Impacts on the South African Small Scale Fisheries Sector: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDeJJG3qt0E. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdbVNhHf6Q. This event was attended by 62 attendees. Workshops co-organised with FAO • Regional Training Workshop on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries, 12-15 April 2021 in South Africa, Namibia and Ghana (April 2021). A total of 177 attendees (57 attendees on Day 1; 47 attendees on Day 2; 43 attendees on Day 3 and 30 attendees on Day 4). • The FAO led Parallel session #4.1 - "SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database" at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress Africa, 21 November 2022. This event was attended by 100 attendees. • A series of two days events titled "Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries: Towards a National Plan of Action for Small Scale Fisheries in Namibia" on 10th-11th June 2021. These series were attended by 70 attendees. UN World Oceans Day Events • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording is available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU. This event was attended by 54 attendees. • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants. GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School • Professor Elisa Morgera and Dr Dylan McGarry presentations in for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: - Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • One Ocean Hub's three led panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022: - The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small scale fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Video, film outputs • Photo-story: Small-scale fishers and human rights, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhqzgSCjfug. • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • Defenders of the Ocean, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'COP27 Children and Youth Pavilion speaker: Camila Awo Dzidzor One Ocean Hub', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A
Start Year 2021
 
Description BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES 
Organisation World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF UK)
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution This partnership began in 2021 through the FAO's existing programme to support national implementation of the FAO Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) through national legislation. To support this, One Ocean Hub co-hosted with FAO regional workshops with government, community, research, and NGO representation from Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, to identify legislative barriers to the implementation of the FAO voluntary SSF guidelines in each country, thereby contributing to national research, while co-developing a global instrument, the FAO SSF Policy and Legal diagnostic tool in April 2021. Co-design of the regional workshop with South African researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network allowed FAO to shift from a top-down approach that focused on discussing what international law requires from governments to an approach informed by local context, and responds to specific needs of SSF, through international law when national law falls short. Hub researchers facilitated SSF representatives' direct participation in the workshop in varied ways, including voice or video messages that communicated their priorities. SSF and government representatives, as well as non-legal researchers were made aware of how international law is (or is not) applied in the context of South Africa, Ghana and Namibia. This is now informing planning of further inter-disciplinary research that will guide strategies on partnerships with governments and SSF in Ghana. In addition, this regional event led to a follow-up event specifically for Namibia, in collaboration with the FAO, the Hub and the Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Namibia. The webinar series organised on 10-11 June 2021 was titled 'Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries.' It was aimed at providing the evidence required to support the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, which the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which was published in 2022 as part of its commitment to implement the FAO SSF Guidelines. The workshop provided an opportunity to integrate the early research findings from the One Ocean Hub into the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, notably with regard to the inclusion of the views of indigenous communities that have been displaced from the coast (Topnaar). This event led to an invitation for nominations for two experts to sit on Namibia's national task force on SSF (upon acceptance by the Ministry of Fisheries). The key research findings that were shared with FAO focused on the approaches to: • redress marginalisation of previously disadvantaged communities including those that have been historically removed from the coast e.g. the Topnaar community), and • address the diverse capacity-building needs of different stakeholder groups that are expected to benefit from or contribute to implementation (SSF associations, SSF women and youth, town councils, NGOs, and primary schools). In addition, FAO invited the Hub to co-develop two e-learning courses on implementation of the FAO Guidelines on SSF to be housed on the FAO E-learning Academy website (https://elearning.fao.org/). The courses are meant to respond to government officers' and fishers' needs respectively, to implement the FAO Guidelines. The latter will allow SSF to obtain an international certification on the FAO E-learning Academy that contributes to their professional development and recognition of SSF. Two papers by Hub colleagues in Ghana and South Africa were integrated as case studies in the first FAO e-learning course on SSF law and policy (in additions to insights arising from the joint Hub-FAO workshops). A new e-learning course will be co-developed in 2023 with a view to directly addressing the question and challenges of small-scale fishers in invoking international law and human rights in their daily interactions with authorities and other stakeholders, based on Hub partnerships with small-scale fishing organizations in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. In addition, this allowed the Hub to bring together FAO and UNEP into a joint event during World Oceans Week 2021 to discuss directly with SSF representatives from South Africa key challenges. Towards the end of 2021, the collaboration with FAO led to an ambitious joint programme of work to advance the human rights-based approach to small scale fisheries as part of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The joint programme of work advanced understanding of the multiple threats to the rights of small-scale fishers to have a voice in decisions affecting their lives, health, culture and livelihoods, and garner further support for small-scale fishers that act as environmental human rights defenders. We shared key research insights and supported small-scale fisheries representatives to speak directly about their human rights concerns in a high-level event at World Ocean Week (WOW) 2022, to the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment participated. In June 2022, the Hub was invited to join the panelists of the High-level Interactive Dialogue on Fisheries at the UN Ocean Conference, and shared on that occasion the key messages from the WOW event (see report summarising key messages shared during the event here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/). These were then published in late 2022 as the first joint policy brief between FAO and the UNOHCHR, together with the Hub: "Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals" (Available here: https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). This joint programme of work also furthered partnerships with various civil society organizations. WWF Accelerating Coastal Community Led Conservation Initiative for the Oceans Practice reached out to the Hub to join efforts for IYAFA, including joint events at the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 on the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. WWF further invited the One Ocean Hub to join: the Blue Food Alliance that aims to transform our food system to focus on health, justice, and environmental sustainability; and the SSF Network, which arose from the first SSF Summit in September 2022. In addition, Naturskyddsföreningen (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation), Blue Venture, the Too-Big-To-Ignore research programme, and the IUCN Specialist Group on People and the Ocean approached the Hub to contribute to the programme of work for IYAFA. All these civil society partners emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. For the official closing of IYAFA (March 2023), the FAO invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to speak at the high-level closing event and the Empatheatre team from South Africa to perform "Listen to the Sea" immediately afterwards. FAO and the Hub also co-organised a series of hybrid events prior to the closing event: a workshop on art-based approaches to the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa, to explore their replicability in UN and NGO projects (Wed 29th March); a hybrid training on human rights and fisheries with the UNOHCHR and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (29th March); and a hybrid roundtable on WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and small-scale fishers' human rights (31st March). As a result of these activities, the Hub's recommendations on integrating human rights in the agenda of the second SSF Summit (scheduled in July 2024; more information here: https://ssfhub.org/ssf-summit-2024) were included and the Hub was invited to become an official partner of the SSF Hub which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community, and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (November 2023). FAO invited Elisa Morgera to a workshop, 14-16 November 2023, (https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-workshop-towards-creating-an-enabling-environment-for-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries/), Rome that brought together regional and global partners, as well as from various countries, and small-scale fisheries organisations, for experience sharing and learning on the work conducted to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines worldwide, as well as exploring potential areas of future work and collaboration and further enhancing awareness and knowledge of the SSF Guidelines. https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ Finally, the Hub summarised key findings from all these activities in a written submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, who will devote his 2024 report to fisheries, with a focus on the SSF Guidelines. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy. • partner organisations based in the Global South: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; ICCA Consortium, Malaysia; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; Abalobi, South Africa; SmartFish AC, Mexico. • Research organization based in the Global North: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Switzerland; Blue Ventures, UK; Too Big To Ignore, Canada; The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty's Fisheries Working Group, Italy; Conservation International, US; Environmental Defense Fund, US; Fauna & Flora, UK; Blue Ventures, UK; Ocean Outcomes, US; Wildlife Conservation Society, US; Rare, US; WildAid, US; Future of Fish Seattle, US; International Institute for Environment and Development, UK; International Pole & Line Foundation, UK; Oceana, US.
Collaborator Contribution FAO supported the development of the Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) and had already run a pilot regional workshop on their implementation through legislation. FAO is a member of the Executive Team of the One Ocean Hub and based on the early findings from the Hub on the need to further clarify the human rights-based approach to fisheries (Morgera and Nakamura, 2021), FAO invited the Hub to co-develop a diagnostic tool, co-organize another regional workshop in Hub countries and develop further e-learning tools. FAO provided USD 37,450 of in-kind match funding from FAO consultants to support course development. To support the planning and the organisation of the joint programme for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries in 2022, the FAO and UNEP has also provided in-kind support, in the form of staff time. The expansion of the partnership to the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a first for the ocean community and has provided invaluable insights for the Hub researchers, and their UN and civil society partners on how to rely on the international human rights monitoring system to support small-scale fishers on the ground when governments are falling behind in implementing their international commitments. The partnership has brought together a new Hub's inter-disciplinary team that has connected research across disciplines and scales. University of Strathclyde, Law School, Nelson Mandela University, University of Cape Coast and University of Namibia provide legal expertise. Rhodes University, Cape Town University, University of Namibia and University of Cape Coast provide sociological research co-developed with small-scale fishing communities. As an inter-disciplinary and cross-scale group we made significant progress towards channeling available legal, technical and strategic international support towards ocean-dependent communities in focus countries, as well as upscaling relevant findings to benefit other ODA-recipient countries. We contributed to focusing international support on SSF according to their needs as co-identified with Hub researchers. Our cross-scale approach has also opened pathways for marshalling international support towards, indigenous peoples and coastal communities negatively affected by blue economy initiatives ("ocean defenders"), and women and children negatively affected by unsustainable uses of the ocean. Support at the international level lends cachet to local advocacy efforts and influences systemic change at the national level. We achieved this progress by developing work programmes with international partners that are active across scales (national, regional and international), forming a nested approach to pathways to the Hub's national and international impact, and by: • co-developing research from the outset with international partners; • systematically sharing early findings through partners' ongoing capacity-building activities or co-developing new capacity-building activities, to engage in direct dialogue with their beneficiary country representatives; • proactively sharing early findings that contribute to international partners' own planning and agenda-setting activities; and • strategically utilising the strength of Hub partnerships with international organisations to leverage further support towards Hub objectives from other international partners. In doing so, we have built the capacity of: • South African, Ghanaian and Namibian community representatives to engage directly in international debates, while addressing their practical constraints and other, more pressing demands on their time; • communities to participate in national policy-making processes; • researchers to engage directly with international partners, as an essential skillset for researchers who have not yet worked across scales, so they can develop meaningful cross-scale networks; and • international partners and processes to adapt their modalities to accommodate community representatives' needs. As part of the Hub's ongoing partnership with FAO, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa contributed to the development and launch of a new international database called SSF-LEX (https://ssflex.fao.org/) that serves to identify relevant national law and policy instruments for small-scale fisheries and to assess whether there is alignment with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. It provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The purpose of the database is to help identify good State practices and needs for improvements. Hub early-career researcher Julia Nakamura (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-led the team in FAO that developed SSF-LEX, while Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tapiwa Warikandwa (University of Namibia, Namibia) reviewed and contributed to the SSF-LEX's country profiles of Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa (More information on Hub's contributions to the SSF-LEX is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). Julia Nakamura co-organised the launch of 'SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database' at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress-Africa (Cape Town, South Africa, 21-23 November 2022) on 23 November 2022, with a view to addressing fisheries managers, legal practitioners, scientists, academics, governments representatives, non-governmental stakeholders, fishers, and fishing communities. Jackie Sunde was invited as a panelists, who reflected on the usefulness of SSF-LEX to fishers, academics and human rights lawyers, from the South African perspective (More information on the SSF-LEX launch event could be found here: https://www.fao.org/legal-services/news/news-detail/en/c/1624163/). In November 2023, the Hub became an official partner of the Small-Scale Fisheries Resource & Collaboration Hub ("SSF Hub"), which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The Hub has been participating in regular meetings with the SSF Hub partners, sharing research, approaches and resources to support the following vision: "Small-scale fisheries and communities that are resilient, thriving and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) (https://oneoceanhub.org/becoming-official-partners-of-the-ssf-hub/). In October 2023 the SSF Hub shared various resources in their online library/ resources database such as our video recordings of "Fostering Cooperation Among Relevant UN bodies to Advance Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights" organised for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 14 November 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fostering-cooperation-among-relevant-un-bodies-advance-small-scale-fishers-human-rights); "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities & Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" organized on 7 June 2023 for the UN World Oceans Day 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/exploring-challenges-opportunities-alliances-protection-small-scale-fishers-human-rights) and "A Fishing Heritage in Peril", Artwork from DEEP Fund Project 'Fishers Tales" (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fishing-heritage-peril-artwork-deep-fund-project-fishers-tales). A complete list of the One Ocean Hub resources that are available on the SSF Hub can be found here: https://ssfhub.org/contributing-organization/one-ocean-hub. The Hub contributed to three submissions to the call by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to give inputs on his upcoming report on fisheries: • The KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum provided evidence on limitations in public participation in decision-making in South Africa, including on oil and gas development, as well as ocean master plan and marine protected areas. In addition, the evidence called attention to the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' tenure. • Jackie Sunde, University of Cape Town, also provided evidence on the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa in the context of the expansion of marine transport, ports and energy infrastructure. The submission also noted the need to recognize women's contributions to the value chain in the traditional line fish sector, as it provides multiple sources of food to different groups in a community but is not factored into fisheries policy making and rights allocation. More information here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/e19cnpbel7h4a7lap7ked6fdch. • A submission by Elisa Morgera shared comparative insights from research in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia and in the Caribbean, about the misrecognition and disrespect of the cultural rights of small-scale fishers (their spiritual and cultural connections to marine spaces, their distinctive knowledge systems, and their customary laws) - within and outside the fisheries sector - as one of the root causes of the violations of their right to food, as well as their participation in relevant policy processes. This submission also pointed to: lack of strategic environmental assessments for various policy areas that negatively affect fisheries and marine biodiversity (such as mining, infrastructure development, tourism), as well as the lack of national legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for large-scale fisheries (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12462); the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; and good practices that have strengthened the recognition, protection and remedies for small-scale fishers (Empatheatre in South Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf; documentary on fishers' songs in Ghana, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf; documentary with displaced Indigenous peoples in Namibia, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; Coastal Justice Network in South Africa, https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/; and pop-up clinics to provide women in small-scale fishing communities legal advice, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf: and direct academic research and action towards their legal needs. Read the written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/m1aqqg2i11g7dmfa1ddsvqpvag. This collaboration has brought notable policy impacts. As explained above, Hub's research, experience, and practices have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. The Tool aims to support the identification of barriers and opportunities to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) in the Context of Food in national laws and policies. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022). This five-lesson course provides guidance on how to assess existing legal and policy frameworks for fisheries in a specific country, explains how to legislate for small-scale fisheries, and outlines the main components of small-scale fisheries-specific legislation. It aims at helping professionals engaged in dialogue on policy and legislation processes and actions at all levels relating to small-scale fisheries, as well as at academic institutions and members of the general public interested in the subject (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. In the context of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the collaborative research initiative One Ocean Hub have been collaborating to raise awareness of the full scope of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. This policy brief aims to clarify the scope of the international human rights-based approach, including the corresponding State obligations, and to highlight how the coherent protection of these rights supports the realization of multiple Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements (https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). • Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA (e.g. WWF, Blue Ventures. Significance of Hub's contributions was evident from invitation to Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, to present Hub's research findings at the official high-level closing ceremony of IYAFA at the FAO headquarters in Rome (see outcomes section of this entry). In 2024, the Hub is working with FAO, SSF Hub, and supporters of IYAFA to strategise and plan for the upcoming SSF Summit that will take place in July 2024. This collaboration has achieved societal impacts by (1) raising awareness on the needs, interests, and human rights of small-scale fishers among national and international stakeholders and (2) strengthening the capacity of a total of 1,466 stakeholders from diverse professional categories including small-scale fisher, researcher, public sector, NGO, and international organization from Africa, South Pacific, the Caribbean, Asia Europe and North America. Events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration have also strengthened gender equality because they speak to predominantly women audience. On average 56% of attendees were women. This is interesting because despite marine sector is a male dominated sector, all our events spoke to a predominately female audience, which also showed the interests and needs for capacity building for women in this field.
Impact Resultant Outcomes • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022, co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. Available from here https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries" published in October 2022, available from here: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881). • A joint policy brief by FAO, One Ocean Hub, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. Available from here: https://ssflex.fao.org/). • One Ocean Hub's small-scale fisheries focused webpage: https://oneoceanhub.org/iyafa/. Peer-reviewed journal articles • Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • Golo HK, Erinosho B. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • Ibrahim S and Golo HK. (2023). "Right to Culture in Marine Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Ghana: Reflections of FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Maritime Studies (under review, submitted September 2023). • Kulundu-Bolus I, McGarry D and Lotz-Sisitka R "Think Piece: Learning, Living and Leading into Transgression - A reflection on decolonial praxis in a neoliberal world." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 36, pp.111-130, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v36i1.14. • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Mbatha P (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Nakamura J, Weston JCL and Lennan M (2023). "International Legal Responses for Protecting Fishers' Fundamental Rights Impacted by a Changing Ocean." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38 (2023, pp. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10141. • Pereira T and Erwin K (2023). "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice, Ecosystems and People, 19:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Rudolph TB, Ruckelshaus M, Swilling M, Allison EH, Österblom H, Gelcich S & Mbatha P. (2020). "A transition to sustainable ocean governance." Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2 • Sowman M et al (2021). "Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Sowman M and Sunde J (2021). "A Just transition? Navigating the process of policy implementation in small-scale fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104683 • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. • Morgera E and Nakamura J, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2 Book chapters: • Ansah JW, Oduro GY, and Wilson D. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Christoffels-du Plessis A., Erinosha, B., Major L., Morgera E., Sunde J. and Vermeylen S. Navigating a sea of laws: Small-scale Fishing Communities and Customary Rights in Ghana and South Africa. In Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (Eds) The Palgrave Book of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan. Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Christoffels-Du Plessis, A., and Sunde, J. 2020. Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for small-scale fisheries in South Africa. In Kerezi, V., Nakamura, J., El Halimi, M., and Chuenpagdee, R. (Eds.) Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries: Global Illustrations. TBTI Global Publication Series, St. John's, NL, Canada, http://toobigtoignore.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/South-Africa_01.pdf • Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. • Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Kanyimba AT & Jonas MN (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15 • Warikandwa TV, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f • Warikandwa TW, Shakalela E, Libebe EL (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14. • Warikandwa TW (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • B Erinosho, L Major, E Morgera, J Sunde and S Vermeylen. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • JW Ansah, GY Oduro, and D Wilson. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Book chapter: E Morgera and J Nakamura, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • HK Golo, S Ibrahim, B Erinosho. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Blogposts and other publications summarising the events and engagements. • Erinosho B, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/. • Febrica S. "Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks," 29 November 2020, https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fisheries-and-blue-justice/. • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised a workshop on sustainable small-scale fisheries law," 28 April 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/1939-2/ • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised webinar on Namibia's small-scale fisheries," 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-food-and-agriculture-organization-and-the-one-ocean-hub-co-organised-webinar-on-namibias-small-scale-fisheries/. • Febrica S, Nakamura J, Sunde J & Warikandwa T, "Strengthening knowledge on national policy and law and their alignment with the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines," 31 January 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/. • Khan U, "Exploring the blue carbon potential in Namibia," 3 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-blue-carbon-potential-in-namibia/. • Morgera E, "Key messages: high level event on small-scale fishers' rights," June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/ • Mthombeni M, "I took my ancestors to the United Nations, and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs," 10 July 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Empatheatre - Changing Understandings and Engagements with ocean dependent communities: Lalela uLwandle," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives Through Documentary Filmmaking," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana -Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-Scale Fisheries," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-scale Fisheries," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact story: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives through Documentary Filmmaking," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Fishers' songs from Ghana to Glasgow - A documentary film 'Cocooned in harmony' screens at the Centre for contemporary arts, "6 April 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-songs-from-ghana-to-glasgow-a-documentary-film-cocooned-in-harmony-screens-at-the-centre-of-contemporary-arts/ • One Ocean Hub, "Partnering with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries," 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-for-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries/. • One Ocean Hub, "Opening a platform for women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana," 29 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ • One Ocean Hub, "Welcoming local NGOs as Hub partners in Ghana, Namibia and South Africa: from seaweed education to human rights legal support," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/welcoming-local-ngos-as-hub-partners-in-ghana-namibia-and-south-africa-from-seaweed-education-to-human-rights-legal-support/ • One Ocean Hub, "Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ • One Ocean Hub, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Pereira T, Francis B and McGarry D, "The unexpected impact of a letter to the minister from One Ocean Hub researchers resulting in an opportunity to facilitate counter hegemonic mapping into transgressive ocean decision making for Amathole Marine Protected Area, South Africa, 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researchers-resulting-in-an-opportunity-to-facilitate-counter-hegemonic-mapping-into-transgressive-ocean-decision-making-for-amath/ • Pereira Kaplan T , "The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment" judge rules in the Shell seismic survey case, 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ • Pereira Kaplan T, "Deepening partnerships with small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/. • Sowman M, Sunde J and Lambrecht M, "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the west coast of South Africa," 7 September 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ • Sunde J. (2022). "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121 https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ • Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. • Samuel MM, Tshiningayamwe S, Jonas M and Kanyimba A. "Exploring ocean benefits, challenges, and prospects with Namibian coastal communities," 4 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-ocean-benefits-challenges-and-prospects-with-namibian-coastal-communities/ • Sunde J, "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Tshiningayamwe S, "Working with marginalised communities for more equitable ocean decision-making and other news from Namibia," 27 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-marginalised-communities-for-more-equitable-ocean-decision-making-and-other-news-from-namibia/. • Veii A and Nghipangelwa S, "Working in a transdisciplinary team to understand climate vulnerability on recreational fishing in Namibia," 26 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part One)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part Two)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/ • Wilson D, "Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa," 1 March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ • Wilson D, "Customary law, tangible and intangible heritage, and ocean governance workshops," 27 June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/ Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • UN Ocean Conference side-event titled "Small in scale, big in value: Stocktaking, partnerships and solutions in support of small-scale fisheries" (led by FAO), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). For more information see here: https://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1529971/. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was invited to: Act as lead discussant at the Interactive dialogue 4 "Making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets," 29 June 2024, in the Tejo Hall of the Conference venue. The event was attended by 50 attendees. For further information, see here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/making-fisheries-sustainable-and-providing-access-small-scale-artisanal-fishers-marine; watch the recording here: https://media.un.org/en/asset/k18/k185g5nkrg Capacity Building Session for UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni in 2020 • Covid-19 Impacts on the South African Small Scale Fisheries Sector: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDeJJG3qt0E. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdbVNhHf6Q. This event was attended by 62 attendees. Workshops co-organised with FAO • Regional Training Workshop on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries, 12-15 April 2021 in South Africa, Namibia and Ghana (April 2021). A total of 177 attendees (57 attendees on Day 1; 47 attendees on Day 2; 43 attendees on Day 3 and 30 attendees on Day 4). • The FAO led Parallel session #4.1 - "SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database" at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress Africa, 21 November 2022. This event was attended by 100 attendees. • A series of two days events titled "Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries: Towards a National Plan of Action for Small Scale Fisheries in Namibia" on 10th-11th June 2021. These series were attended by 70 attendees. UN World Oceans Day Events • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording is available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU. This event was attended by 54 attendees. • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants. GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School • Professor Elisa Morgera and Dr Dylan McGarry presentations in for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: - Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • One Ocean Hub's three led panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022: - The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small scale fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Video, film outputs • Photo-story: Small-scale fishers and human rights, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhqzgSCjfug. • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • Defenders of the Ocean, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'COP27 Children and Youth Pavilion speaker: Camila Awo Dzidzor One Ocean Hub', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A
Start Year 2021
 
Description BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES 
Organisation World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF UK)
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution This partnership began in 2021 through the FAO's existing programme to support national implementation of the FAO Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) through national legislation. To support this, One Ocean Hub co-hosted with FAO regional workshops with government, community, research, and NGO representation from Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, to identify legislative barriers to the implementation of the FAO voluntary SSF guidelines in each country, thereby contributing to national research, while co-developing a global instrument, the FAO SSF Policy and Legal diagnostic tool in April 2021. Co-design of the regional workshop with South African researchers involved in the Coastal Justice Network allowed FAO to shift from a top-down approach that focused on discussing what international law requires from governments to an approach informed by local context, and responds to specific needs of SSF, through international law when national law falls short. Hub researchers facilitated SSF representatives' direct participation in the workshop in varied ways, including voice or video messages that communicated their priorities. SSF and government representatives, as well as non-legal researchers were made aware of how international law is (or is not) applied in the context of South Africa, Ghana and Namibia. This is now informing planning of further inter-disciplinary research that will guide strategies on partnerships with governments and SSF in Ghana. In addition, this regional event led to a follow-up event specifically for Namibia, in collaboration with the FAO, the Hub and the Ministry for Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Namibia. The webinar series organised on 10-11 June 2021 was titled 'Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries.' It was aimed at providing the evidence required to support the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, which the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which was published in 2022 as part of its commitment to implement the FAO SSF Guidelines. The workshop provided an opportunity to integrate the early research findings from the One Ocean Hub into the process for the development of a National Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in Namibia, notably with regard to the inclusion of the views of indigenous communities that have been displaced from the coast (Topnaar). This event led to an invitation for nominations for two experts to sit on Namibia's national task force on SSF (upon acceptance by the Ministry of Fisheries). The key research findings that were shared with FAO focused on the approaches to: • redress marginalisation of previously disadvantaged communities including those that have been historically removed from the coast e.g. the Topnaar community), and • address the diverse capacity-building needs of different stakeholder groups that are expected to benefit from or contribute to implementation (SSF associations, SSF women and youth, town councils, NGOs, and primary schools). In addition, FAO invited the Hub to co-develop two e-learning courses on implementation of the FAO Guidelines on SSF to be housed on the FAO E-learning Academy website (https://elearning.fao.org/). The courses are meant to respond to government officers' and fishers' needs respectively, to implement the FAO Guidelines. The latter will allow SSF to obtain an international certification on the FAO E-learning Academy that contributes to their professional development and recognition of SSF. Two papers by Hub colleagues in Ghana and South Africa were integrated as case studies in the first FAO e-learning course on SSF law and policy (in additions to insights arising from the joint Hub-FAO workshops). A new e-learning course will be co-developed in 2023 with a view to directly addressing the question and challenges of small-scale fishers in invoking international law and human rights in their daily interactions with authorities and other stakeholders, based on Hub partnerships with small-scale fishing organizations in Namibia, Ghana and South Africa. In addition, this allowed the Hub to bring together FAO and UNEP into a joint event during World Oceans Week 2021 to discuss directly with SSF representatives from South Africa key challenges. Towards the end of 2021, the collaboration with FAO led to an ambitious joint programme of work to advance the human rights-based approach to small scale fisheries as part of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The joint programme of work advanced understanding of the multiple threats to the rights of small-scale fishers to have a voice in decisions affecting their lives, health, culture and livelihoods, and garner further support for small-scale fishers that act as environmental human rights defenders. We shared key research insights and supported small-scale fisheries representatives to speak directly about their human rights concerns in a high-level event at World Ocean Week (WOW) 2022, to the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment participated. In June 2022, the Hub was invited to join the panelists of the High-level Interactive Dialogue on Fisheries at the UN Ocean Conference, and shared on that occasion the key messages from the WOW event (see report summarising key messages shared during the event here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/). These were then published in late 2022 as the first joint policy brief between FAO and the UNOHCHR, together with the Hub: "Applying coherently the human rights approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals" (Available here: https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). This joint programme of work also furthered partnerships with various civil society organizations. WWF Accelerating Coastal Community Led Conservation Initiative for the Oceans Practice reached out to the Hub to join efforts for IYAFA, including joint events at the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 on the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. WWF further invited the One Ocean Hub to join: the Blue Food Alliance that aims to transform our food system to focus on health, justice, and environmental sustainability; and the SSF Network, which arose from the first SSF Summit in September 2022. In addition, Naturskyddsföreningen (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation), Blue Venture, the Too-Big-To-Ignore research programme, and the IUCN Specialist Group on People and the Ocean approached the Hub to contribute to the programme of work for IYAFA. All these civil society partners emphasised how crucial it is to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fisheries-related communities of practice to protect human rights in their work. For the official closing of IYAFA (March 2023), the FAO invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to speak at the high-level closing event and the Empatheatre team from South Africa to perform "Listen to the Sea" immediately afterwards. FAO and the Hub also co-organised a series of hybrid events prior to the closing event: a workshop on art-based approaches to the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa, to explore their replicability in UN and NGO projects (Wed 29th March); a hybrid training on human rights and fisheries with the UNOHCHR and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (29th March); and a hybrid roundtable on WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and small-scale fishers' human rights (31st March). As a result of these activities, the Hub's recommendations on integrating human rights in the agenda of the second SSF Summit (scheduled in July 2024; more information here: https://ssfhub.org/ssf-summit-2024) were included and the Hub was invited to become an official partner of the SSF Hub which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community, and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (November 2023). FAO invited Elisa Morgera to a workshop, 14-16 November 2023, (https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-workshop-towards-creating-an-enabling-environment-for-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries/), Rome that brought together regional and global partners, as well as from various countries, and small-scale fisheries organisations, for experience sharing and learning on the work conducted to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines worldwide, as well as exploring potential areas of future work and collaboration and further enhancing awareness and knowledge of the SSF Guidelines. https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ Finally, the Hub summarised key findings from all these activities in a written submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, who will devote his 2024 report to fisheries, with a focus on the SSF Guidelines. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy. • partner organisations based in the Global South: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; ICCA Consortium, Malaysia; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; Abalobi, South Africa; SmartFish AC, Mexico. • Research organization based in the Global North: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Switzerland; Blue Ventures, UK; Too Big To Ignore, Canada; The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty's Fisheries Working Group, Italy; Conservation International, US; Environmental Defense Fund, US; Fauna & Flora, UK; Blue Ventures, UK; Ocean Outcomes, US; Wildlife Conservation Society, US; Rare, US; WildAid, US; Future of Fish Seattle, US; International Institute for Environment and Development, UK; International Pole & Line Foundation, UK; Oceana, US.
Collaborator Contribution FAO supported the development of the Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) and had already run a pilot regional workshop on their implementation through legislation. FAO is a member of the Executive Team of the One Ocean Hub and based on the early findings from the Hub on the need to further clarify the human rights-based approach to fisheries (Morgera and Nakamura, 2021), FAO invited the Hub to co-develop a diagnostic tool, co-organize another regional workshop in Hub countries and develop further e-learning tools. FAO provided USD 37,450 of in-kind match funding from FAO consultants to support course development. To support the planning and the organisation of the joint programme for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries in 2022, the FAO and UNEP has also provided in-kind support, in the form of staff time. The expansion of the partnership to the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a first for the ocean community and has provided invaluable insights for the Hub researchers, and their UN and civil society partners on how to rely on the international human rights monitoring system to support small-scale fishers on the ground when governments are falling behind in implementing their international commitments. The partnership has brought together a new Hub's inter-disciplinary team that has connected research across disciplines and scales. University of Strathclyde, Law School, Nelson Mandela University, University of Cape Coast and University of Namibia provide legal expertise. Rhodes University, Cape Town University, University of Namibia and University of Cape Coast provide sociological research co-developed with small-scale fishing communities. As an inter-disciplinary and cross-scale group we made significant progress towards channeling available legal, technical and strategic international support towards ocean-dependent communities in focus countries, as well as upscaling relevant findings to benefit other ODA-recipient countries. We contributed to focusing international support on SSF according to their needs as co-identified with Hub researchers. Our cross-scale approach has also opened pathways for marshalling international support towards, indigenous peoples and coastal communities negatively affected by blue economy initiatives ("ocean defenders"), and women and children negatively affected by unsustainable uses of the ocean. Support at the international level lends cachet to local advocacy efforts and influences systemic change at the national level. We achieved this progress by developing work programmes with international partners that are active across scales (national, regional and international), forming a nested approach to pathways to the Hub's national and international impact, and by: • co-developing research from the outset with international partners; • systematically sharing early findings through partners' ongoing capacity-building activities or co-developing new capacity-building activities, to engage in direct dialogue with their beneficiary country representatives; • proactively sharing early findings that contribute to international partners' own planning and agenda-setting activities; and • strategically utilising the strength of Hub partnerships with international organisations to leverage further support towards Hub objectives from other international partners. In doing so, we have built the capacity of: • South African, Ghanaian and Namibian community representatives to engage directly in international debates, while addressing their practical constraints and other, more pressing demands on their time; • communities to participate in national policy-making processes; • researchers to engage directly with international partners, as an essential skillset for researchers who have not yet worked across scales, so they can develop meaningful cross-scale networks; and • international partners and processes to adapt their modalities to accommodate community representatives' needs. As part of the Hub's ongoing partnership with FAO, Hub researchers from Ghana, Namibia and South Africa contributed to the development and launch of a new international database called SSF-LEX (https://ssflex.fao.org/) that serves to identify relevant national law and policy instruments for small-scale fisheries and to assess whether there is alignment with the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). SSF-LEX is FAO's free online legal and policy database entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. It provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The purpose of the database is to help identify good State practices and needs for improvements. Hub early-career researcher Julia Nakamura (University of Strathclyde, UK) co-led the team in FAO that developed SSF-LEX, while Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Jackie Sunde (University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tapiwa Warikandwa (University of Namibia, Namibia) reviewed and contributed to the SSF-LEX's country profiles of Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa (More information on Hub's contributions to the SSF-LEX is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). Julia Nakamura co-organised the launch of 'SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database' at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress-Africa (Cape Town, South Africa, 21-23 November 2022) on 23 November 2022, with a view to addressing fisheries managers, legal practitioners, scientists, academics, governments representatives, non-governmental stakeholders, fishers, and fishing communities. Jackie Sunde was invited as a panelists, who reflected on the usefulness of SSF-LEX to fishers, academics and human rights lawyers, from the South African perspective (More information on the SSF-LEX launch event could be found here: https://www.fao.org/legal-services/news/news-detail/en/c/1624163/). In November 2023, the Hub became an official partner of the Small-Scale Fisheries Resource & Collaboration Hub ("SSF Hub"), which is a platform, community and a set of supporting initiatives fosters learning, information sharing and capacity enhancement to the benefit of the community and accelerates the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The Hub has been participating in regular meetings with the SSF Hub partners, sharing research, approaches and resources to support the following vision: "Small-scale fisheries and communities that are resilient, thriving and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) (https://oneoceanhub.org/becoming-official-partners-of-the-ssf-hub/). In October 2023 the SSF Hub shared various resources in their online library/ resources database such as our video recordings of "Fostering Cooperation Among Relevant UN bodies to Advance Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights" organised for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion on 14 November 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fostering-cooperation-among-relevant-un-bodies-advance-small-scale-fishers-human-rights); "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities & Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights" organized on 7 June 2023 for the UN World Oceans Day 2022 (https://ssfhub.org/resource/exploring-challenges-opportunities-alliances-protection-small-scale-fishers-human-rights) and "A Fishing Heritage in Peril", Artwork from DEEP Fund Project 'Fishers Tales" (https://ssfhub.org/resource/fishing-heritage-peril-artwork-deep-fund-project-fishers-tales). A complete list of the One Ocean Hub resources that are available on the SSF Hub can be found here: https://ssfhub.org/contributing-organization/one-ocean-hub. The Hub contributed to three submissions to the call by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to give inputs on his upcoming report on fisheries: • The KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fisherfolk Forum provided evidence on limitations in public participation in decision-making in South Africa, including on oil and gas development, as well as ocean master plan and marine protected areas. In addition, the evidence called attention to the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' tenure. • Jackie Sunde, University of Cape Town, also provided evidence on the lack of recognition of small-scale fishers' human rights in South Africa in the context of the expansion of marine transport, ports and energy infrastructure. The submission also noted the need to recognize women's contributions to the value chain in the traditional line fish sector, as it provides multiple sources of food to different groups in a community but is not factored into fisheries policy making and rights allocation. More information here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/e19cnpbel7h4a7lap7ked6fdch. • A submission by Elisa Morgera shared comparative insights from research in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia and in the Caribbean, about the misrecognition and disrespect of the cultural rights of small-scale fishers (their spiritual and cultural connections to marine spaces, their distinctive knowledge systems, and their customary laws) - within and outside the fisheries sector - as one of the root causes of the violations of their right to food, as well as their participation in relevant policy processes. This submission also pointed to: lack of strategic environmental assessments for various policy areas that negatively affect fisheries and marine biodiversity (such as mining, infrastructure development, tourism), as well as the lack of national legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for large-scale fisheries (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12462); the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; and good practices that have strengthened the recognition, protection and remedies for small-scale fishers (Empatheatre in South Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf; documentary on fishers' songs in Ghana, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf; documentary with displaced Indigenous peoples in Namibia, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; Coastal Justice Network in South Africa, https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/; and pop-up clinics to provide women in small-scale fishing communities legal advice, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf: and direct academic research and action towards their legal needs. Read the written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/m1aqqg2i11g7dmfa1ddsvqpvag. This collaboration has brought notable policy impacts. As explained above, Hub's research, experience, and practices have been incorporated directly in the co-development of the following high-level outputs to support sustainable small-scale fisheries: • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. The Tool aims to support the identification of barriers and opportunities to support the implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) in the Context of Food in national laws and policies. (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022). This five-lesson course provides guidance on how to assess existing legal and policy frameworks for fisheries in a specific country, explains how to legislate for small-scale fisheries, and outlines the main components of small-scale fisheries-specific legislation. It aims at helping professionals engaged in dialogue on policy and legislation processes and actions at all levels relating to small-scale fisheries, as well as at academic institutions and members of the general public interested in the subject (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_). • The first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. In the context of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the collaborative research initiative One Ocean Hub have been collaborating to raise awareness of the full scope of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries. This policy brief aims to clarify the scope of the international human rights-based approach, including the corresponding State obligations, and to highlight how the coherent protection of these rights supports the realization of multiple Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). SSF-LEX provides country profiles with information about national small-scale fisheries socioeconomic data, international and regional commitments, constitutional provisions, institutional arrangements, definition(s) of 'small-scale fisheries' and related terms, and a list of national legislation and policies relevant to small-scale fisheries. The database also provides brief analyses of the national regulatory and policy framework for selected countries, covering sustainable governance of tenure and resources management, social development and decent work, value-chains and trade, gender equality, disaster risks, and climate change issues. The database helps identify good State practices and needs for improvements (https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/). • Hub research contributed to the planning of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture with FAO and 60 organisations who were supporters of IYAFA (e.g. WWF, Blue Ventures. Significance of Hub's contributions was evident from invitation to Hub Director, Elisa Morgera, to present Hub's research findings at the official high-level closing ceremony of IYAFA at the FAO headquarters in Rome (see outcomes section of this entry). In 2024, the Hub is working with FAO, SSF Hub, and supporters of IYAFA to strategise and plan for the upcoming SSF Summit that will take place in July 2024. This collaboration has achieved societal impacts by (1) raising awareness on the needs, interests, and human rights of small-scale fishers among national and international stakeholders and (2) strengthening the capacity of a total of 1,466 stakeholders from diverse professional categories including small-scale fisher, researcher, public sector, NGO, and international organization from Africa, South Pacific, the Caribbean, Asia Europe and North America. Events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration have also strengthened gender equality because they speak to predominantly women audience. On average 56% of attendees were women. This is interesting because despite marine sector is a male dominated sector, all our events spoke to a predominately female audience, which also showed the interests and needs for capacity building for women in this field.
Impact Resultant Outcomes • FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022, co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub. Available from here https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/). • FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries" published in October 2022, available from here: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881). • A joint policy brief by FAO, One Ocean Hub, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022. Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf). • SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub. It entirely dedicated to small-scale fisheries that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. Available from here: https://ssflex.fao.org/). • One Ocean Hub's small-scale fisheries focused webpage: https://oneoceanhub.org/iyafa/. Peer-reviewed journal articles • Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • Golo HK, Erinosho B. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • Ibrahim S and Golo HK. (2023). "Right to Culture in Marine Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Ghana: Reflections of FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Maritime Studies (under review, submitted September 2023). • Kulundu-Bolus I, McGarry D and Lotz-Sisitka R "Think Piece: Learning, Living and Leading into Transgression - A reflection on decolonial praxis in a neoliberal world." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 36, pp.111-130, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v36i1.14. • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Mbatha P (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Nakamura J, Weston JCL and Lennan M (2023). "International Legal Responses for Protecting Fishers' Fundamental Rights Impacted by a Changing Ocean." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38 (2023, pp. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10141. • Pereira T and Erwin K (2023). "Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice, Ecosystems and People, 19:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Rudolph TB, Ruckelshaus M, Swilling M, Allison EH, Österblom H, Gelcich S & Mbatha P. (2020). "A transition to sustainable ocean governance." Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2 • Sowman M et al (2021). "Unmasking governance failures: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713 • Sowman M and Sunde J (2021). "A Just transition? Navigating the process of policy implementation in small-scale fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104683 • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. • Morgera E and Nakamura J, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2 Book chapters: • Ansah JW, Oduro GY, and Wilson D. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Christoffels-du Plessis A., Erinosha, B., Major L., Morgera E., Sunde J. and Vermeylen S. Navigating a sea of laws: Small-scale Fishing Communities and Customary Rights in Ghana and South Africa. In Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (Eds) The Palgrave Book of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan. Switzerland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Christoffels-Du Plessis, A., and Sunde, J. 2020. Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for small-scale fisheries in South Africa. In Kerezi, V., Nakamura, J., El Halimi, M., and Chuenpagdee, R. (Eds.) Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries: Global Illustrations. TBTI Global Publication Series, St. John's, NL, Canada, http://toobigtoignore.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/South-Africa_01.pdf • Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N (2022). Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions. In: Boswell, R., O'Kane, D., Hills, J. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20. • Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • Kanyimba AT & Jonas MN (2023) "Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15 • Warikandwa TV, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f • Warikandwa TW, Shakalela E, Libebe EL (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14. • Warikandwa TW (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • B Erinosho, L Major, E Morgera, J Sunde and S Vermeylen. (2022). "Navigating a Sea of Laws: the Quest of Small scale Fishing Communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights (Chapter 18)" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_18 • JW Ansah, GY Oduro, and D Wilson. (2022). "Narratives of Non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day, Ghana" in Blue Heritage, Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories. Boswell, R. O'Kane, D., Hills (Eds). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_19 • Book chapter: E Morgera and J Nakamura, "Shedding a Light on the Human Rights of Small-scale Fisherfolk: Complementarities and Contrasts between the UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights and the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines" in Brunori et al, Commentary on the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (Routledge, 2022, available from here https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139874-7/shedding-light-human-rights-small-scale-fishers-elisa-morgera-julia-nakamura; available on SSRN since 2021: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_i d=3850133). • HK Golo, S Ibrahim, B Erinosho. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478 • HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. • TV Warikandwa (2023) "Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia's fisheries law enforcement", Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 9:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043. • TV Warikandwa, E Shakalela, EL Libebe (2023) "Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, Springer Publishers, IUS Gentium Series. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_14 • TV Warikandwa, EL Libebe, E Shakalela, L Usebiu, and MR Awarab (2023) "Climate Change and Financial Inclusion in Namibia" in H Chitimira and TV Warikandwa (eds) Financial Inclusion and Regulatory Practices in SADC, Routledge Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003369400-14/climate-change-financial-inclusion-namibia-tapiwa-warikandwa-eugene-libebe-elize-shakalela-lineekela-usebiu-marvin-awarab?context=ubx&refId=933313a2-fc47-44ef-be0a-05404b53f48f Blogposts and other publications summarising the events and engagements. • Erinosho B, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/. • Febrica S. "Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks," 29 November 2020, https://oneoceanhub.org/small-scale-fisheries-and-blue-justice/. • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised a workshop on sustainable small-scale fisheries law," 28 April 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/1939-2/ • Febrica S, "The Food and Agriculture Organization and the One Ocean Hub co-organised webinar on Namibia's small-scale fisheries," 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-food-and-agriculture-organization-and-the-one-ocean-hub-co-organised-webinar-on-namibias-small-scale-fisheries/. • Febrica S, Nakamura J, Sunde J & Warikandwa T, "Strengthening knowledge on national policy and law and their alignment with the Small-scale Fisheries Guidelines," 31 January 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/strengthening-knowledge-on-national-policy-and-law-and-their-alignment-with-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/. • Khan U, "Exploring the blue carbon potential in Namibia," 3 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-blue-carbon-potential-in-namibia/. • Morgera E, "Key messages: high level event on small-scale fishers' rights," June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/key-messages-high-level-event-on-small-scale-fishers-rights/ • Mthombeni M, "I took my ancestors to the United Nations, and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs," 10 July 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Empatheatre - Changing Understandings and Engagements with ocean dependent communities: Lalela uLwandle," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives Through Documentary Filmmaking," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf; • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Hub Engagement in Ghana -Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-Scale Fisheries," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact Story: Exploring the value of International Human Rights for Women in Small-scale Fisheries," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Humanrights_SSFs_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Impact story: Sharing Unique Practices and Perspectives through Documentary Filmmaking," https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story_Ghana_Cocooned_12.10.23.pdf • One Ocean Hub, "Fishers' songs from Ghana to Glasgow - A documentary film 'Cocooned in harmony' screens at the Centre for contemporary arts, "6 April 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/fishers-songs-from-ghana-to-glasgow-a-documentary-film-cocooned-in-harmony-screens-at-the-centre-of-contemporary-arts/ • One Ocean Hub, "Partnering with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries," 31 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/partnering-with-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-for-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries/. • One Ocean Hub, "Opening a platform for women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana," 29 January 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/opening-a-platform-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana/ • One Ocean Hub, "Welcoming local NGOs as Hub partners in Ghana, Namibia and South Africa: from seaweed education to human rights legal support," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/welcoming-local-ngos-as-hub-partners-in-ghana-namibia-and-south-africa-from-seaweed-education-to-human-rights-legal-support/ • One Ocean Hub, "Working with the Topnaar to Protect Human Rights and Revive Ocean Culture," 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Impact-story_9_Topnaar_07.11.23.pdf. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/ • One Ocean Hub, "Turning the tide for women in small-scale fisheries in Ghana: reflections arising from our gender and fisheries workshops," 24 October 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/turning-the-tide-for-women-in-small-scale-fisheries-in-ghana-reflections-arising-from-four-gender-and-fisheries-workshops/. • Pereira T, Francis B and McGarry D, "The unexpected impact of a letter to the minister from One Ocean Hub researchers resulting in an opportunity to facilitate counter hegemonic mapping into transgressive ocean decision making for Amathole Marine Protected Area, South Africa, 29 June 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-unexpected-impact-of-a-letter-to-the-minister-from-one-ocean-hub-researchers-resulting-in-an-opportunity-to-facilitate-counter-hegemonic-mapping-into-transgressive-ocean-decision-making-for-amath/ • Pereira Kaplan T , "The court has a duty to step in and protect those who are offended and the environment" judge rules in the Shell seismic survey case, 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/the-outcome-of-the-shell-seismic-survey-case/ • Pereira Kaplan T, "Deepening partnerships with small-scale fishers in Eastern Cape, South Africa," 2 October 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/deepening-partnerships-with-eastern-cape-small-scale-fishers-south-africa/. • Sowman M, Sunde J and Lambrecht M, "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the west coast of South Africa," 7 September 2023 https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ • Sunde J. (2022). "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121 https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ • Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. • Samuel MM, Tshiningayamwe S, Jonas M and Kanyimba A. "Exploring ocean benefits, challenges, and prospects with Namibian coastal communities," 4 May 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-ocean-benefits-challenges-and-prospects-with-namibian-coastal-communities/ • Sunde J, "A Seismic Shift: A coalition of fishing communities, activists and lawyers has come together to keep the coasts and oceans of South Africa free of the destructive Blue Economy agenda" in Samudra, March, No.87, pp.4-7, ISSN 0973-1121, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/a-seismic-shift-a-coalition-of-fishing-communities-activists-and-lawyers-has-come-together-to-keep-the-coasts-and-oceans-of-south-africa-free-of-the-destructive-blue-economy-agenda/ • Tshiningayamwe S, "Working with marginalised communities for more equitable ocean decision-making and other news from Namibia," 27 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-marginalised-communities-for-more-equitable-ocean-decision-making-and-other-news-from-namibia/. • Veii A and Nghipangelwa S, "Working in a transdisciplinary team to understand climate vulnerability on recreational fishing in Namibia," 26 April 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/working-in-a-transdisciplinary-team-to-understand-climate-vulnerability-on-recreational-fishing-in-namibia/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part One)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D, "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group - The Story So Far (Part Two)," 28 February 2021, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/ • Wilson D, "Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa," 1 March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ • Wilson D, "Customary law, tangible and intangible heritage, and ocean governance workshops," 27 June 2022, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/ Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • UN Ocean Conference side-event titled "Small in scale, big in value: Stocktaking, partnerships and solutions in support of small-scale fisheries" (led by FAO), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). For more information see here: https://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1529971/. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, was invited to: Act as lead discussant at the Interactive dialogue 4 "Making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets," 29 June 2024, in the Tejo Hall of the Conference venue. The event was attended by 50 attendees. For further information, see here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/making-fisheries-sustainable-and-providing-access-small-scale-artisanal-fishers-marine; watch the recording here: https://media.un.org/en/asset/k18/k185g5nkrg Capacity Building Session for UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni in 2020 • Covid-19 Impacts on the South African Small Scale Fisheries Sector: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDeJJG3qt0E. This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Small-Scale Fisheries and Blue Justice: Procedural and Substantive Rights of Fisherfolks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdbVNhHf6Q. This event was attended by 62 attendees. Workshops co-organised with FAO • Regional Training Workshop on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries, 12-15 April 2021 in South Africa, Namibia and Ghana (April 2021). A total of 177 attendees (57 attendees on Day 1; 47 attendees on Day 2; 43 attendees on Day 3 and 30 attendees on Day 4). • The FAO led Parallel session #4.1 - "SSF-LEX: the new small-scale fisheries policy and legal database" at the 4th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress Africa, 21 November 2022. This event was attended by 100 attendees. • A series of two days events titled "Namibia's experience on Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-Scale Fisheries: Towards a National Plan of Action for Small Scale Fisheries in Namibia" on 10th-11th June 2021. These series were attended by 70 attendees. UN World Oceans Day Events • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording is available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU. This event was attended by 54 attendees. • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants. GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School • Professor Elisa Morgera and Dr Dylan McGarry presentations in for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 across three sessions: - Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • One Ocean Hub's three led panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022: - The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small scale fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. - Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Video, film outputs • Photo-story: Small-scale fishers and human rights, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhqzgSCjfug. • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • Defenders of the Ocean, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'COP27 Children and Youth Pavilion speaker: Camila Awo Dzidzor One Ocean Hub', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A
Start Year 2021
 
Description Building alliances on ocean, climate and youth 
Organisation Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO
Country France 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution Collaboration with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global began in June 2020 through the Friends of the United Nations World Ocean Day (FOWOD) working group. The FOWOD is chaired by Peace Boat and co-led by the United Nations Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (UNDOALOS) and the Oceanic Global. It is an informal community of individuals and organisations active in the field of ocean affairs to support the marking of United Nations World Oceans Day, 8 June, and related activities. This year is the fifth year running that the One Ocean Hub has been the FOWOD. To date, the Hub has co-organised and hosted 23 unique events through the UN World Ocean Day 2020-2023, which are listed below. These events were organised with representation from across all Hub focus countries. Collaboration with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global through FOWOD led to closer collaboration with Peace Boat on youth empowerment and ocean-climate action at 2022 UN Ocean Conference in Portugal and Climate COP27 in Egypt. During the UN Ocean Conference, the One Ocean Hub engaged with Peace Boat and other partners on the following key messages: • Inclusive ocean knowledge co-production supports the development of fair and sustainable blue economies. • The Sustainable Development Goals can only be achieved if human rights are mainstreamed in ocean science and policy. • The latest understanding of deep-sea ecosystems, and their benefits to humanity, must be considered in decisions that can impact the ocean. • The arts provide a space for transformative dialogue about blue economies that respond to the human rights of indigenous peoples and small-scale fishers, including women and children. The Hub contributed to and co-hosted ten in-person, virtual, and hybrid events on 27 June - 1 July 2022. Two of these in-person events were led by Peace Boat on 27 June 2022: 'Scaling up Ocean Action with Empowerment of SIDS Youth, Awareness Raising and Citizenship Engagement (https://peaceboat.org/english/news/un-ocean-conference_sideevent) and Sunset Reception Onboard: High-Level Event for Ocean and Climate Action (in partnership with Blue Planet Alliance). The 'Scaling up Ocean Action' event was co-organised by the Republic of Kiribati and Peace Boat with the Government of the Republic of Palau, Oceanic Global, One Ocean Hub, Ciencia Viva, Sustainable Ocean Alliance, Fabien Cousteau Ocean Learning Center, Proteus Group, United by the Sea, and the Blue Planet Alliance. The event explored the connection amongst partner organisations working towards education for the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, as well as the importance of innovation for the ocean, and youth empowerment for the future generation of ocean leaders. The Hub was represented by Dr Bernadette Snow, Deputy Director of One Ocean Hub, who shared the Hub's research findings and experience in empowering children and young people. The 'High-Level Event for Ocean and Climate Action' aimed to expand networks of leaders in ocean space. The Hub further collaborated with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global at the UN Climate COP27 (Sharm el-Sheikh, 6-18 November 2022) to advance Children's Environmental Rights Initiative key messages: 1. Ocean-based action need to specifically consider children rights, including the assessment of blue carbon initiative, adaptation and loss and damage. 2. We need we need guidelines on fisheries as part of ocean-based adaptation approaches to strengthen resilience, prevent damage and protect children's rights 3. Ocean-climate action must limit the impacts of ocean acidification on children's rights. The Hub contributed to the Roundtable "Centering the Ocean on the Agenda at the Ocean x Climate Summit" led by Oceanic Global on 11 November 2022 and together with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance, Extreme Hangout and Oceanic Global co-organised Ocean Innovation Partnership Dinner (co-organised) on the same day. The Hub together with Mara Ghilan, a youth representative from the Global Alliance of Universities on Climate, Peace Boat and Oceanic Global also co-organised a side-event 'Advancing human rights standards in nature-based solutions: lessons from land to sea' on 16 November 2022 at the first-ever Children and Youth Pavilion at UN Climate COP Blue Zone. This Hub-led event brought together children and youth representatives, organisations that work closely with youth, experts, and the UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, Dr David Boyd. The event focused on biodiversity finance and the ocean-climate-human rights nexus. It provided a platform to hear young voices on nature-based solutions for climate change mitigation and adaptation and enable inter-generational learning on human rights and climate finance. The event explored what lessons can be learned from nature-based solutions in promoting and protecting children's and youth human rights, as attention on ocean-based climate action grows. It was designed to clarify how we can respect human rights standards in ocean-based climate solutions, by learning lessons from land-based climate action. During the 2023 UN World Oceans Week, the Hub was invited to contribute to the UN-led celebrations of World Ocean Day. Mpume Mthombeni delivered a performance and spotlight talk at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration, 9 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs" at the UN Headquarters, New York. Mpume Mthombeni is an actress, writer and director from South Africa, and a Hub researcher. She is a Sangoma or traditional healer who heals not with traditional medicine (umuthi) but rather with words and stories. She is the co-director of Empatheatre, a theatre collective that creates public-storytelling processes in which people across different power and agency can engage with decision making in embodied and contextual ways. Mpume shared how storytelling, and story-listening dissolves the barriers and disconnections between disciplines and departments, sculpts new evidence, new ways of valuing knowing and knowledge, and it creates new ways of making meaning with the ocean. Their co-created films and theatre productions have been used as evidence in court cases and in national and international policy development. Her performance elicited three rounds of applause and a standing ovation. In addition, the Hub, Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance and the UNDOALOS co-hosted the following three in-person events on the 7-9 June 2024 in New York at Peace Boat office at 777 United Nations Plaza, in New York: 1. Theatre performance "Lalela Ulwandle" (Listen to the Sea) and a conversation on inclusive ocean governance, 7 June. The event enabled audience to experience multi-generational stories of evolving connections to the ocean from the perspectives of small-scale fishers, traditional healers, marine scientists and educators, and reflected on the importance of history, cultural heritage and different forms of knowledge for inclusive and integrated ocean governance. 2. International premiere of the animation "Indlela Yokuphila: The Soul's Journey" - When indigenous and scientific knowledge work in solidarity towards inclusive ocean decision making, 7 June 2023. The event explored the wonder of Indigenous knowledge on the role of the ocean in planetary ecological processes and areas of contact between Indigenous knowledge and ocean science. It addressed ways in which ocean researchers and decision-makers can work together with Indigenous and local knowledge holders. 3. Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa, 9 June 2023. The event explored a variety of art-based research approaches that support knowledge co-production on the ocean across different disciplines and cultures, and discussed how creative methods to better engage with, and protect the human rights of Indigenous and local knowledge holders within ocean governance could be adapted to collaborative projects and inclusion decision-making processes. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Education, Ghana • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in Global North: UNDOALOS, US The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in Global South: Conflict Research Network West Africa, Ghana; the Government of the Republic of Kiribati; and the Government of the Republic of Palau; • Research organisations based in Global North: Sciences Po, France; Grantham Research Institute, UK; Global Alliance of Universities on Climate, Switzerland • Partner organisations based in Global North: Peace Boat, US; Blue Planet Alliance, US; Oceanic Global, US; UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, Switzerland; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, France.
Collaborator Contribution Oceanic Global together with the UNDOALOS has been leading the development of the UN World Ocean Day programme since 2020. Oceanic Global has invited the One Ocean Hub to respond to global call for events and exhibitions and since 2022, Oceanic Global has approached the Hub directly to ask for nomination of speakers from the Hub. The 2023 theme for the UN World Oceans Day was 'Planet Ocean: Tides are Changing. Time to put the ocean first!', and Oceanic Global invited the Hub to nominate a speaker in relation to 'capacity building: a story demonstrating the importance of capacity-building in addressing ocean issues'. In addition, as part of the partnership under the FOWOD, Peace Boat and the Hub co-organised five events during the UN World Ocean Week in New York. Peace Boat is a Japan-based international NGO working to promote peace, human rights, and sustainability. Guided by the SDGs, each year Peace Boar organises three global voyages and two shorter Asian regional voyages. Both onboard and in-port, Peace Boat programmes engage youth through travel and education to explore the main aspects of Peace Boat's activities - peace, human rights, and sustainability. At the 2022 UN Ocean Conference, Peace Boat co-organised with the Hub, and the Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kiribati to the UN the event titled 'Scaling up Ocean Action with Empowerment of SIDS Youth, Awareness Raising and Citizenship Engagement', which was attended by 300 in-person participants and showcased the important role of youth in scaling up ocean action, in particular youth from Small Island Developing States (SIDS) on the front lines of the ocean crisis. Stocktaking successes and challenges since 2017, it also looked towards further developments and collaborations for empowerment and engagement of SIDS youth with the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. In addition, Peace Boat has approached the Hub to discuss participating in their cruise programme (https://pbcruise.com/cruise/115). This would be part of a programme that Peace Boat launched at the first (2017) UN Ocean Conference - the Ocean and Climate Youth Ambassador Programme in collaboration with the Alliance of Small Island Developing States (AOSIS) for youth leaders from states on the front line of climate change and marine degradation. They have since regularly travelled onboard Peace Boat's ship to engage in capacity building and awareness raising through public engagement, meeting with government and civil society representatives. The programme has been carried out through partnerships with national governments, academia, and civil society organisations to promote the implementation of SDG14. Each time, participants with diverse backgrounds in science, public policy, the arts, grassroots, and international activism shared their skills and experiences, as well as the diverse situations in their own countries. They visited ports in Europe and concluded in New York with events in collaboration with UN partners at the United Nations Headquarters including during UN World Oceans Day. To celebrate the beginning of the 2022 UN Ocean Conference, Peace Boat in partnership with the One Ocean Hub, Blue Planet Alliance, Earth X, United by the Sea, Proteus Ocean Group, Water X, and Solgaard also co-organised a High-Level Reception on the WaterX Yacht. The event gathered 100 high-level attendees, including government officials, representatives of regional and international organisations, NGOs, and youth representatives. The success of this initiative led to further collaboration between the One Ocean Hub, Peace Boat, Oceanic Global, Blue Planet Alliance, and Extreme Hangout to co-organise the Ocean Innovation Partnership Dinner on 11 November 2022 at the UN Climate COP27 in Egypt. The event highlighted ocean innovation for climate action, including representatives from sustainable businesses, the United Nations, NGOs, civil society, artists, musicians, and youth who are making a positive impact for our climate. Together we are exploring opportunities to build our networks, mainstream the role of ocean in climate action and finance, and create lasting change for people and the planet for future UN Climate COPs and other international processes. Oceanic Global is an international NGO that sheds light on humanity's essential relationship to the ocean and empowers individuals, communities, and industries to create positive change. Oceanic Global works closely with youths and creates educational experiences, consults on sustainable operations, as well as engages local communities to generate measurable impact for collective wellbeing. Drawing from our close collaboration as part of the FOWOD, the Hub and Oceanic Global have collaborated closely at the UN Climate COP27. Oceanic Global led the Ocean X Climate Summit that the Hub contributed to. The event immersed global stakeholders in the importance and potential of the ocean within the climate change narrative, and to support more stakeholder action for the ocean and all it sustains. The Ocean X Climate Summit was organized in partnership with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO and the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. As part of the Summit, the Hub Deputy Director, Dr Bernadette Snow, contributed to the 'Roundtable: Creating a Common Agenda for our Shared Ocean'. Dr Snow's intervention highlighted the importance of the inclusion of different stakeholders including Indigenous Peoples, local communities, young and people and children and different knowledge systems to enhance the visibility and place of the ocean-climate nexus in international convenings and in national action. The Hub also facilitated video remarks by Camilla Awo Dzidzor, a representative of children from Keta Municipality in Ghana, that was screened before a panel discussion on 'Building Resilience: Localized Action Against a Changing Climate' at the Summit. Dzidzor's video remarks (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU) highlighted the direct impacts of climate change on children's rights to a healthy environment, health, and education, and the need for children's participation in decision making around ocean and climate change. Dzidzor's intervention at the Summit was made possible through support provided by Hub researchers in Ghana including Dr Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast), Dr Harrison Golo (University of Education, Ghana) and Dr Ibrahim Sulley (Conflict Research Network West Africa - Ghana Office). Both Oceanic Global and Peace Boat were also involved in co-organising the Hub-led event 'Advancing human rights standards in nature-based solutions: lessons from land to sea for the Children and Youth Pavilion at COP27 Blue Zone, Egypt on 16 November 2022. At the event children from South Africa, Ghana, Greenland, and Samoa, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, David Boyd, and experts from the One Ocean Hub, Sciences Po, and Grantham Research Institute, LSE spoke about what they deemed as the most important priorities to address the challenges posed by climate change, why leadership and empowerment of young people are so important for tackling these challenges, and explored approaches needed to ensure protection of human rights. Representatives of youth and organisations that work closely with youth such as Oceanic Global, Peace Boat, Sustainable Ocean Alliance, and Global Youth Biodiversity Network shared their experiences of youth climate advocacy work and the major challenges to youth climate action. They stressed that: • It is important for policy makers not only to hear youth's views, but also to integrate them into governance; • the difficulties to gain accreditation, the economic costs of participation, and the lack of technical assistance and capacity-building for youth to engage effectively as observers or negotiators hinder youth to participate in decision making process, such as COP27. Decision makers need to understand barriers that youth face to improve participation of youth in key ocean-climate decision making spaces. • Youth are fighting to reverse the impacts of climate change and to mainstream rights-based approaches, to ensure that children and youth vulnerabilities to climate change are recognised. • It is important to fund research in the Global South, particularly research carried out by young researchers to inform future climate change action. • Fighting for climate justice and equity is an intergenerational effort: it is critical to acknowledge existing work and ancient wisdom while uplifting and empowering the next generation. In 2023 the Hub, Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance Oceanic Global and the UNDOALOS co-hosted five in-person events on 7-9 June 2023 to celebrate the UN World Oceans Week in New York. These events built upon the success of the Empatheatre live-performance events at Climate COP27 in Sharm-El-Sheikh (November 2022), the Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in Rome (March 2023) as well as the insights arising from the Hub's workshop on arts-based research approaches to protect the human rights of small-scale fisheries in Rome (March 2023) (More information here https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-performance-lalela-ulwandle-sparked-conversation-around-ocean-governance-during-un-celebrations-of-world-oceans-week/ and here: https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf). The Hub's participation in the 2023 UN World Oceans Week has strengthened the Hub's contributions to UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, and prepared the way towards further contributions at the Small-Scale Fisheries Summit in July 2024, and the preparation for the third UN Ocean Conference 2025. Three events were co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with Peace Boat, an official UN Ocean Decade partner that focuses on youth empowerment. These events linked the Hub research and engagement activities on intersection of art, ocean culture and heritage with one of the goals of Ocean Decade 'An inspiring and engaging ocean where society understands and values the ocean in relation to human wellbeing and sustainable development'. It is expected that the Hub will be working more closely with Peace Boat in 2024 following the official appointment of the Hub as a UN Decade Implementing Partner focusing on transdiciplinarity in October 2023 (https://oneoceanhub.org/our-endorsement-as-implementing-partner-of-the-un-ocean-decade/). The two art events we co-organised with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance, Oceanic Global and the UNDOALOS for the UN World Oceans Week were a 'Theatre performance "Lalela Ulwandle" (Listen to the Sea) and a conversation on inclusive ocean governance' on 7 June 2023 and the 'International premiere of the animation "Indlela Yokuphila: The Soul's Journey" - When indigenous and scientific knowledge work in solidarity towards inclusive ocean decision making' on 7 June 2023 helped to draw members of the Friends of the World Oceans Day's attention to the Hub (https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-short-film-indlela-yokuphila-the-souls-journey-at-the-united-nations-world-ocean-week/). In the run up to the UN World Ocean Day, the password-protected film of "Indlela Yokuphila" was shared by the Hub Support Team in February 2023 with the three organisations who led the Friends of the World Oceans Day working group: the UNDOALOS, Oceanic Global, and Peace Boat. This has led to the invitation to the Empatheatre team member, Mpume Mthombeni, to be one of the spotlight speakers at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration at the UN Headquarters in New York on 8 June 2023. Like the two previous side-events, the third event 'Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa' on 9 June 2023 has successively brought local perspectives into international conversations that is deemed rare at international events. Mpume Mthombeni, an artist and a traditional healer from South Africa, participated directly as a panellist in this event and the other two side-events co-organised with Peace Boat and the Blue Planet Alliance (https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/). Mpume Mthombeni's invited performance and spotlight talk at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration on 8 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs" was facilitated by the UNDOALOS, Oceanic Global and Peace Boat. It highlighted the importance to engage traditional knowledge and traditional knowledge holders in a respectful manner. Mpume was the only speaker who received three rounds of applause and standing ovation at the event (Full event recording is available here: https://unworldoceansday.org; Individual segment of Mpume Mthombeni performance is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2-uSE26tnU). The 2023 UN World Ocean Day was attended by 350+ in-person attendees at the UN Headquarters, 102,000 online viewers, reaching 110 UN member states and 380 different organisations (https://drive.google.com/file/d/1N0oI_O_H3hnvG4EKLmCxSEP25-mMMxwK/view). In December 2023, the UNDOALOS, Oceanic Global, and Peace Boat have extended another invitation to the Hub to nominate a speaker for the 2024 UN World Oceans Day celebration at the UN Headquarters, New York. The collaboration titled "Building alliances on ocean, climate and youth" has demonstrable policy and public services impacts as it has raised awareness and built a network of civil society organisations, academic, governments and UN bodies to advance children and young people's human rights to a healthy ocean at various international processes including the UN World Oceans Day from 2020 to 2023, the UN Ocean Conference in 2022, and Climate COP27 in Egypt. This collaboration also delivered societal impacts by providing capacity building to 104,787 government officials, civil society, representatives of regional and international organisations, businesses, children and youth activists, academics and students on the interlinkages between ocean, climate change and human rights through the co-organisation of a total of 28 online, in-person and hybrid events. The collaboration has also mainstreamed gender equality. For events where the Hub had been able to collect information about attendees' gender, the findings showed that over 50 per cent of attendees were women. This confirms the interest of women in discussion around ocean governance and calls for the need for increase of capacity building for women in this area.
Impact List of 23 side-events that the One Ocean Hub has co-organised and hosted for the UN World Ocean Day as part of the FOWOD community. These events were attended by 104,187 participants including government officials, representatives of civil society, regional and international organisations, researchers and students. For detailed information see the collaboration entry titled "Strengthening capacity in international ocean governance": • Art for the Ocean, 11 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3X07HXs • Blue Economy: Global Trends, Local Challenges, and International Investment, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3RmTjqW • Breaking Laws on the Sea, 12 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3l1YtfT • Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation, 11 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3wMyYSw • Indlela yokuphila (the path of life), 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3qr7Mpf • Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea), 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3KSS1Qj • Marine Plastics: Online Discussion, 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3HhMceY • Marine Science-Policy Interface Roundtable, 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3RlvqQJ • Navigating Ocean Literacy and Sustainability in the Classroom, 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: https://bit.ly/3YdrgfR • Studying the Sea - Accessing Ocean Research Careers, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3DwmMJm • Transdisciplinary Research to the Rescue!, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3Ygea1G • Wonders of the Deep, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3kY8ieY • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU • Intangible Cultural Ocean Heritage and Participatory Research Methods, 8 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/CTzCTnQNoD4 • Canoe Culture and Heritage Ghana, 9 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/tdWFQ9Znank • Inclusive Ocean Conservation: Innovations in Marine Spatial Planning, 10 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/mP4LU8_4KK8 • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6 • Blue Heritage: The Role of Ocean Art and Culture in Ocean Science and Management, 7 June 2022. Recording available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGYDqEuAdj0 • Theatre performance "Lalela Ulwandle" (Listen to the Sea) and a conversation on inclusive ocean governance, 7 June 2023 at 777 United Nations Plaza, 2nd Floor Conference Room, New York. • International premiere of the animation "Indlela Yokuphila: The Soul's Journey" - When indigenous and scientific knowledge work in solidarity towards inclusive ocean decision making, 7 June 2023 at 777 United Nations Plaza, 2nd Floor Conference Room, New York. • Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa, 9 June 2023 at 777 United Nations Plaza, 2nd Floor Conference Room, New York. • One Ocean Hub and UN-Nippon Fellows meeting 'Prototyping integrated and inclusive ocean governance through art- and human rights-based research', 9 June 2023, at the UN Headquarters, New York. The Hub partnered with Peace Boat at the UN Ocean Conference in Lisbon, Portugal in the following events: 1. Scaling up Ocean Action with Empowerment of SIDS Youth, Awareness Raising and Citizenship Engagement (led by Peace Boat), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). See here: https://peaceboat.org/english/news/un-ocean-conference_sideevent. The event was attended by 250 participants. 2. Sunset Reception Onboard: High-Level Event for Ocean and Climate Action (in partnership with Peace Boat and Blue Planet Alliance), 27 June 2022 Venue: WaterX - Powering Nautical Events, Doca Alcântara. See here: https://bit.ly/UNOcean-Reception-June27. The event was attended by 100 high-level attendees including government officials, representatives of regional and international organisations, NGOs, and youth representatives. List of collaborative side-events with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global at COP27 1. Roundtable: Centering the Ocean on the Agenda at the Ocean x Climate Summit (led by Oceanic Global) 11th November 2022, Park Regency Sharm El Sheikh Resort 58 Gardens Bay Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt. More information here: https://oceanic.global/projects/cop-27-the-ocean-x-climate-summit/. The event was attended by 50 attendees. 2. Ocean Innovation Partnership Dinner (co-organised with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance, Extreme Hangout and Oceanic Global) 11th November 2022, EXTREME Hangout, the Lawn, Park Regency Hotel, Sharm El Sheikh. More information here: https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/ocean-innovation-partnership-dinner-tickets-461929372187 and here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/98fsliln6dckk2lgai7lq246hn. The event was attended by 100 attendees. 3. A video of remarks by Camilla Awo Dzidzor, a representative of children from Keta Municipality in Ghana was screened before a panel discussion on "Building Resilience: Localized Action Against a Changing Climate" at the Ocean x Climate Summit organised by Oceanic Global on 11th November 2022 at Park Regency Sharm El Sheikh Resort. For more information see here: https://oceanic.global/projects/cop-27-the-ocean-x-climate-summit/ and here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU. The event was attended by 100 attendees. Mpume Mthombeni's performance at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration, 9 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs" at the UN Headquarters, New York in national and international policy development. Recording available from here: https://unworldoceansday.org and here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2-uSE26tnU. Blogposts Febrica S and Snow B. (2022). "Sailing to the climate COP27."Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/sailing-to-the-climate-cop27/. Febrica S. (2022). "Advancing children's rights through nature-based solutions". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-childrens-rights-through-nature-based-solutions/. Febrica S. (2022). "Contributing to defining the 2022 UN Ocean Conference Interactive Dialogue." https://oneoceanhub.org/contributing-to-defining-the-2022-un-ocean-conference-interactive-dialogues/. Morgera E. (2022). "Reflecting on the UN Ocean Conference and the need to scale up ocean action for the transformative ocean governance we all need." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-the-un-ocean-conference-and-the-need-to-scale-up-ocean-action-for-the-transformative-ocean-governance-we-all-need/. Mthombeni M. (2023). "I took my ancestors to the United Nations and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Empatheatre short film 'Indlela Yokuphila: the Soul's Journey' at the United Nations World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-short-film-indlela-yokuphila-the-souls-journey-at-the-united-nations-world-ocean-week/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Empatheatre performance 'Lalela Ulwandle' sparked conversation around ocean governance during UN celebrations of World Oceans Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-performance-lalela-ulwandle-sparked-conversation-around-ocean-governance-during-un-celebrations-of-world-oceans-week/. Peer-reviewed article Morgera E and Lennan M. (2022). "Strengthening Intergenerational Equity at the Ocean-Climate Nexus: Reflections on the UNCRC General Comment No.26." Environmental Policy and Law. DOI 10.3233/EPL-219052. Available from here: https://content.iospress.com/articles/environmental-policy-and-law/epl219052. Open access article is available here: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4284824. Chapter 2: When ancestors are included in ocean and decision-making Publication authored by D McGarry (2023) in Hydrofeminist Thinking with Oceans Political and Scholarly Possibilities. Edited By Tamara Shefer, Vivienne Bozalek, Nike Romano. Routledge. Available from here: https://www.routledge.com/Hydrofeminist-Thinking-With-Oceans-Political-and-Scholarly-Possibilities/Shefer-Bozalek-Romano/p/book/9781032408996. Chapter 12: Grandmothers of the sea: Stories and lessons from five Xhosa ocean elders Publication authored by B Francis and D McGarry (2023) in Hydrofeminist Thinking With Oceans Political and Scholarly Possibilities Edited By Tamara Shefer, Vivienne Bozalek, Nike Romano. Routledge. Available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/grandmothers-of-the-sea-stories-and-lessons-from-five-xhosa-ocean-elders/
Start Year 2020
 
Description Building alliances on ocean, climate and youth 
Organisation London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London)
Department Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Collaboration with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global began in June 2020 through the Friends of the United Nations World Ocean Day (FOWOD) working group. The FOWOD is chaired by Peace Boat and co-led by the United Nations Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (UNDOALOS) and the Oceanic Global. It is an informal community of individuals and organisations active in the field of ocean affairs to support the marking of United Nations World Oceans Day, 8 June, and related activities. This year is the fifth year running that the One Ocean Hub has been the FOWOD. To date, the Hub has co-organised and hosted 23 unique events through the UN World Ocean Day 2020-2023, which are listed below. These events were organised with representation from across all Hub focus countries. Collaboration with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global through FOWOD led to closer collaboration with Peace Boat on youth empowerment and ocean-climate action at 2022 UN Ocean Conference in Portugal and Climate COP27 in Egypt. During the UN Ocean Conference, the One Ocean Hub engaged with Peace Boat and other partners on the following key messages: • Inclusive ocean knowledge co-production supports the development of fair and sustainable blue economies. • The Sustainable Development Goals can only be achieved if human rights are mainstreamed in ocean science and policy. • The latest understanding of deep-sea ecosystems, and their benefits to humanity, must be considered in decisions that can impact the ocean. • The arts provide a space for transformative dialogue about blue economies that respond to the human rights of indigenous peoples and small-scale fishers, including women and children. The Hub contributed to and co-hosted ten in-person, virtual, and hybrid events on 27 June - 1 July 2022. Two of these in-person events were led by Peace Boat on 27 June 2022: 'Scaling up Ocean Action with Empowerment of SIDS Youth, Awareness Raising and Citizenship Engagement (https://peaceboat.org/english/news/un-ocean-conference_sideevent) and Sunset Reception Onboard: High-Level Event for Ocean and Climate Action (in partnership with Blue Planet Alliance). The 'Scaling up Ocean Action' event was co-organised by the Republic of Kiribati and Peace Boat with the Government of the Republic of Palau, Oceanic Global, One Ocean Hub, Ciencia Viva, Sustainable Ocean Alliance, Fabien Cousteau Ocean Learning Center, Proteus Group, United by the Sea, and the Blue Planet Alliance. The event explored the connection amongst partner organisations working towards education for the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, as well as the importance of innovation for the ocean, and youth empowerment for the future generation of ocean leaders. The Hub was represented by Dr Bernadette Snow, Deputy Director of One Ocean Hub, who shared the Hub's research findings and experience in empowering children and young people. The 'High-Level Event for Ocean and Climate Action' aimed to expand networks of leaders in ocean space. The Hub further collaborated with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global at the UN Climate COP27 (Sharm el-Sheikh, 6-18 November 2022) to advance Children's Environmental Rights Initiative key messages: 1. Ocean-based action need to specifically consider children rights, including the assessment of blue carbon initiative, adaptation and loss and damage. 2. We need we need guidelines on fisheries as part of ocean-based adaptation approaches to strengthen resilience, prevent damage and protect children's rights 3. Ocean-climate action must limit the impacts of ocean acidification on children's rights. The Hub contributed to the Roundtable "Centering the Ocean on the Agenda at the Ocean x Climate Summit" led by Oceanic Global on 11 November 2022 and together with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance, Extreme Hangout and Oceanic Global co-organised Ocean Innovation Partnership Dinner (co-organised) on the same day. The Hub together with Mara Ghilan, a youth representative from the Global Alliance of Universities on Climate, Peace Boat and Oceanic Global also co-organised a side-event 'Advancing human rights standards in nature-based solutions: lessons from land to sea' on 16 November 2022 at the first-ever Children and Youth Pavilion at UN Climate COP Blue Zone. This Hub-led event brought together children and youth representatives, organisations that work closely with youth, experts, and the UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, Dr David Boyd. The event focused on biodiversity finance and the ocean-climate-human rights nexus. It provided a platform to hear young voices on nature-based solutions for climate change mitigation and adaptation and enable inter-generational learning on human rights and climate finance. The event explored what lessons can be learned from nature-based solutions in promoting and protecting children's and youth human rights, as attention on ocean-based climate action grows. It was designed to clarify how we can respect human rights standards in ocean-based climate solutions, by learning lessons from land-based climate action. During the 2023 UN World Oceans Week, the Hub was invited to contribute to the UN-led celebrations of World Ocean Day. Mpume Mthombeni delivered a performance and spotlight talk at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration, 9 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs" at the UN Headquarters, New York. Mpume Mthombeni is an actress, writer and director from South Africa, and a Hub researcher. She is a Sangoma or traditional healer who heals not with traditional medicine (umuthi) but rather with words and stories. She is the co-director of Empatheatre, a theatre collective that creates public-storytelling processes in which people across different power and agency can engage with decision making in embodied and contextual ways. Mpume shared how storytelling, and story-listening dissolves the barriers and disconnections between disciplines and departments, sculpts new evidence, new ways of valuing knowing and knowledge, and it creates new ways of making meaning with the ocean. Their co-created films and theatre productions have been used as evidence in court cases and in national and international policy development. Her performance elicited three rounds of applause and a standing ovation. In addition, the Hub, Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance and the UNDOALOS co-hosted the following three in-person events on the 7-9 June 2024 in New York at Peace Boat office at 777 United Nations Plaza, in New York: 1. Theatre performance "Lalela Ulwandle" (Listen to the Sea) and a conversation on inclusive ocean governance, 7 June. The event enabled audience to experience multi-generational stories of evolving connections to the ocean from the perspectives of small-scale fishers, traditional healers, marine scientists and educators, and reflected on the importance of history, cultural heritage and different forms of knowledge for inclusive and integrated ocean governance. 2. International premiere of the animation "Indlela Yokuphila: The Soul's Journey" - When indigenous and scientific knowledge work in solidarity towards inclusive ocean decision making, 7 June 2023. The event explored the wonder of Indigenous knowledge on the role of the ocean in planetary ecological processes and areas of contact between Indigenous knowledge and ocean science. It addressed ways in which ocean researchers and decision-makers can work together with Indigenous and local knowledge holders. 3. Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa, 9 June 2023. The event explored a variety of art-based research approaches that support knowledge co-production on the ocean across different disciplines and cultures, and discussed how creative methods to better engage with, and protect the human rights of Indigenous and local knowledge holders within ocean governance could be adapted to collaborative projects and inclusion decision-making processes. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Education, Ghana • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in Global North: UNDOALOS, US The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in Global South: Conflict Research Network West Africa, Ghana; the Government of the Republic of Kiribati; and the Government of the Republic of Palau; • Research organisations based in Global North: Sciences Po, France; Grantham Research Institute, UK; Global Alliance of Universities on Climate, Switzerland • Partner organisations based in Global North: Peace Boat, US; Blue Planet Alliance, US; Oceanic Global, US; UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, Switzerland; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, France.
Collaborator Contribution Oceanic Global together with the UNDOALOS has been leading the development of the UN World Ocean Day programme since 2020. Oceanic Global has invited the One Ocean Hub to respond to global call for events and exhibitions and since 2022, Oceanic Global has approached the Hub directly to ask for nomination of speakers from the Hub. The 2023 theme for the UN World Oceans Day was 'Planet Ocean: Tides are Changing. Time to put the ocean first!', and Oceanic Global invited the Hub to nominate a speaker in relation to 'capacity building: a story demonstrating the importance of capacity-building in addressing ocean issues'. In addition, as part of the partnership under the FOWOD, Peace Boat and the Hub co-organised five events during the UN World Ocean Week in New York. Peace Boat is a Japan-based international NGO working to promote peace, human rights, and sustainability. Guided by the SDGs, each year Peace Boar organises three global voyages and two shorter Asian regional voyages. Both onboard and in-port, Peace Boat programmes engage youth through travel and education to explore the main aspects of Peace Boat's activities - peace, human rights, and sustainability. At the 2022 UN Ocean Conference, Peace Boat co-organised with the Hub, and the Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kiribati to the UN the event titled 'Scaling up Ocean Action with Empowerment of SIDS Youth, Awareness Raising and Citizenship Engagement', which was attended by 300 in-person participants and showcased the important role of youth in scaling up ocean action, in particular youth from Small Island Developing States (SIDS) on the front lines of the ocean crisis. Stocktaking successes and challenges since 2017, it also looked towards further developments and collaborations for empowerment and engagement of SIDS youth with the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. In addition, Peace Boat has approached the Hub to discuss participating in their cruise programme (https://pbcruise.com/cruise/115). This would be part of a programme that Peace Boat launched at the first (2017) UN Ocean Conference - the Ocean and Climate Youth Ambassador Programme in collaboration with the Alliance of Small Island Developing States (AOSIS) for youth leaders from states on the front line of climate change and marine degradation. They have since regularly travelled onboard Peace Boat's ship to engage in capacity building and awareness raising through public engagement, meeting with government and civil society representatives. The programme has been carried out through partnerships with national governments, academia, and civil society organisations to promote the implementation of SDG14. Each time, participants with diverse backgrounds in science, public policy, the arts, grassroots, and international activism shared their skills and experiences, as well as the diverse situations in their own countries. They visited ports in Europe and concluded in New York with events in collaboration with UN partners at the United Nations Headquarters including during UN World Oceans Day. To celebrate the beginning of the 2022 UN Ocean Conference, Peace Boat in partnership with the One Ocean Hub, Blue Planet Alliance, Earth X, United by the Sea, Proteus Ocean Group, Water X, and Solgaard also co-organised a High-Level Reception on the WaterX Yacht. The event gathered 100 high-level attendees, including government officials, representatives of regional and international organisations, NGOs, and youth representatives. The success of this initiative led to further collaboration between the One Ocean Hub, Peace Boat, Oceanic Global, Blue Planet Alliance, and Extreme Hangout to co-organise the Ocean Innovation Partnership Dinner on 11 November 2022 at the UN Climate COP27 in Egypt. The event highlighted ocean innovation for climate action, including representatives from sustainable businesses, the United Nations, NGOs, civil society, artists, musicians, and youth who are making a positive impact for our climate. Together we are exploring opportunities to build our networks, mainstream the role of ocean in climate action and finance, and create lasting change for people and the planet for future UN Climate COPs and other international processes. Oceanic Global is an international NGO that sheds light on humanity's essential relationship to the ocean and empowers individuals, communities, and industries to create positive change. Oceanic Global works closely with youths and creates educational experiences, consults on sustainable operations, as well as engages local communities to generate measurable impact for collective wellbeing. Drawing from our close collaboration as part of the FOWOD, the Hub and Oceanic Global have collaborated closely at the UN Climate COP27. Oceanic Global led the Ocean X Climate Summit that the Hub contributed to. The event immersed global stakeholders in the importance and potential of the ocean within the climate change narrative, and to support more stakeholder action for the ocean and all it sustains. The Ocean X Climate Summit was organized in partnership with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO and the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. As part of the Summit, the Hub Deputy Director, Dr Bernadette Snow, contributed to the 'Roundtable: Creating a Common Agenda for our Shared Ocean'. Dr Snow's intervention highlighted the importance of the inclusion of different stakeholders including Indigenous Peoples, local communities, young and people and children and different knowledge systems to enhance the visibility and place of the ocean-climate nexus in international convenings and in national action. The Hub also facilitated video remarks by Camilla Awo Dzidzor, a representative of children from Keta Municipality in Ghana, that was screened before a panel discussion on 'Building Resilience: Localized Action Against a Changing Climate' at the Summit. Dzidzor's video remarks (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU) highlighted the direct impacts of climate change on children's rights to a healthy environment, health, and education, and the need for children's participation in decision making around ocean and climate change. Dzidzor's intervention at the Summit was made possible through support provided by Hub researchers in Ghana including Dr Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast), Dr Harrison Golo (University of Education, Ghana) and Dr Ibrahim Sulley (Conflict Research Network West Africa - Ghana Office). Both Oceanic Global and Peace Boat were also involved in co-organising the Hub-led event 'Advancing human rights standards in nature-based solutions: lessons from land to sea for the Children and Youth Pavilion at COP27 Blue Zone, Egypt on 16 November 2022. At the event children from South Africa, Ghana, Greenland, and Samoa, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, David Boyd, and experts from the One Ocean Hub, Sciences Po, and Grantham Research Institute, LSE spoke about what they deemed as the most important priorities to address the challenges posed by climate change, why leadership and empowerment of young people are so important for tackling these challenges, and explored approaches needed to ensure protection of human rights. Representatives of youth and organisations that work closely with youth such as Oceanic Global, Peace Boat, Sustainable Ocean Alliance, and Global Youth Biodiversity Network shared their experiences of youth climate advocacy work and the major challenges to youth climate action. They stressed that: • It is important for policy makers not only to hear youth's views, but also to integrate them into governance; • the difficulties to gain accreditation, the economic costs of participation, and the lack of technical assistance and capacity-building for youth to engage effectively as observers or negotiators hinder youth to participate in decision making process, such as COP27. Decision makers need to understand barriers that youth face to improve participation of youth in key ocean-climate decision making spaces. • Youth are fighting to reverse the impacts of climate change and to mainstream rights-based approaches, to ensure that children and youth vulnerabilities to climate change are recognised. • It is important to fund research in the Global South, particularly research carried out by young researchers to inform future climate change action. • Fighting for climate justice and equity is an intergenerational effort: it is critical to acknowledge existing work and ancient wisdom while uplifting and empowering the next generation. In 2023 the Hub, Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance Oceanic Global and the UNDOALOS co-hosted five in-person events on 7-9 June 2023 to celebrate the UN World Oceans Week in New York. These events built upon the success of the Empatheatre live-performance events at Climate COP27 in Sharm-El-Sheikh (November 2022), the Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in Rome (March 2023) as well as the insights arising from the Hub's workshop on arts-based research approaches to protect the human rights of small-scale fisheries in Rome (March 2023) (More information here https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-performance-lalela-ulwandle-sparked-conversation-around-ocean-governance-during-un-celebrations-of-world-oceans-week/ and here: https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf). The Hub's participation in the 2023 UN World Oceans Week has strengthened the Hub's contributions to UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, and prepared the way towards further contributions at the Small-Scale Fisheries Summit in July 2024, and the preparation for the third UN Ocean Conference 2025. Three events were co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with Peace Boat, an official UN Ocean Decade partner that focuses on youth empowerment. These events linked the Hub research and engagement activities on intersection of art, ocean culture and heritage with one of the goals of Ocean Decade 'An inspiring and engaging ocean where society understands and values the ocean in relation to human wellbeing and sustainable development'. It is expected that the Hub will be working more closely with Peace Boat in 2024 following the official appointment of the Hub as a UN Decade Implementing Partner focusing on transdiciplinarity in October 2023 (https://oneoceanhub.org/our-endorsement-as-implementing-partner-of-the-un-ocean-decade/). The two art events we co-organised with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance, Oceanic Global and the UNDOALOS for the UN World Oceans Week were a 'Theatre performance "Lalela Ulwandle" (Listen to the Sea) and a conversation on inclusive ocean governance' on 7 June 2023 and the 'International premiere of the animation "Indlela Yokuphila: The Soul's Journey" - When indigenous and scientific knowledge work in solidarity towards inclusive ocean decision making' on 7 June 2023 helped to draw members of the Friends of the World Oceans Day's attention to the Hub (https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-short-film-indlela-yokuphila-the-souls-journey-at-the-united-nations-world-ocean-week/). In the run up to the UN World Ocean Day, the password-protected film of "Indlela Yokuphila" was shared by the Hub Support Team in February 2023 with the three organisations who led the Friends of the World Oceans Day working group: the UNDOALOS, Oceanic Global, and Peace Boat. This has led to the invitation to the Empatheatre team member, Mpume Mthombeni, to be one of the spotlight speakers at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration at the UN Headquarters in New York on 8 June 2023. Like the two previous side-events, the third event 'Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa' on 9 June 2023 has successively brought local perspectives into international conversations that is deemed rare at international events. Mpume Mthombeni, an artist and a traditional healer from South Africa, participated directly as a panellist in this event and the other two side-events co-organised with Peace Boat and the Blue Planet Alliance (https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/). Mpume Mthombeni's invited performance and spotlight talk at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration on 8 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs" was facilitated by the UNDOALOS, Oceanic Global and Peace Boat. It highlighted the importance to engage traditional knowledge and traditional knowledge holders in a respectful manner. Mpume was the only speaker who received three rounds of applause and standing ovation at the event (Full event recording is available here: https://unworldoceansday.org; Individual segment of Mpume Mthombeni performance is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2-uSE26tnU). The 2023 UN World Ocean Day was attended by 350+ in-person attendees at the UN Headquarters, 102,000 online viewers, reaching 110 UN member states and 380 different organisations (https://drive.google.com/file/d/1N0oI_O_H3hnvG4EKLmCxSEP25-mMMxwK/view). In December 2023, the UNDOALOS, Oceanic Global, and Peace Boat have extended another invitation to the Hub to nominate a speaker for the 2024 UN World Oceans Day celebration at the UN Headquarters, New York. The collaboration titled "Building alliances on ocean, climate and youth" has demonstrable policy and public services impacts as it has raised awareness and built a network of civil society organisations, academic, governments and UN bodies to advance children and young people's human rights to a healthy ocean at various international processes including the UN World Oceans Day from 2020 to 2023, the UN Ocean Conference in 2022, and Climate COP27 in Egypt. This collaboration also delivered societal impacts by providing capacity building to 104,787 government officials, civil society, representatives of regional and international organisations, businesses, children and youth activists, academics and students on the interlinkages between ocean, climate change and human rights through the co-organisation of a total of 28 online, in-person and hybrid events. The collaboration has also mainstreamed gender equality. For events where the Hub had been able to collect information about attendees' gender, the findings showed that over 50 per cent of attendees were women. This confirms the interest of women in discussion around ocean governance and calls for the need for increase of capacity building for women in this area.
Impact List of 23 side-events that the One Ocean Hub has co-organised and hosted for the UN World Ocean Day as part of the FOWOD community. These events were attended by 104,187 participants including government officials, representatives of civil society, regional and international organisations, researchers and students. For detailed information see the collaboration entry titled "Strengthening capacity in international ocean governance": • Art for the Ocean, 11 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3X07HXs • Blue Economy: Global Trends, Local Challenges, and International Investment, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3RmTjqW • Breaking Laws on the Sea, 12 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3l1YtfT • Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation, 11 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3wMyYSw • Indlela yokuphila (the path of life), 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3qr7Mpf • Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea), 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3KSS1Qj • Marine Plastics: Online Discussion, 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3HhMceY • Marine Science-Policy Interface Roundtable, 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3RlvqQJ • Navigating Ocean Literacy and Sustainability in the Classroom, 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: https://bit.ly/3YdrgfR • Studying the Sea - Accessing Ocean Research Careers, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3DwmMJm • Transdisciplinary Research to the Rescue!, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3Ygea1G • Wonders of the Deep, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3kY8ieY • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU • Intangible Cultural Ocean Heritage and Participatory Research Methods, 8 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/CTzCTnQNoD4 • Canoe Culture and Heritage Ghana, 9 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/tdWFQ9Znank • Inclusive Ocean Conservation: Innovations in Marine Spatial Planning, 10 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/mP4LU8_4KK8 • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6 • Blue Heritage: The Role of Ocean Art and Culture in Ocean Science and Management, 7 June 2022. Recording available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGYDqEuAdj0 • Theatre performance "Lalela Ulwandle" (Listen to the Sea) and a conversation on inclusive ocean governance, 7 June 2023 at 777 United Nations Plaza, 2nd Floor Conference Room, New York. • International premiere of the animation "Indlela Yokuphila: The Soul's Journey" - When indigenous and scientific knowledge work in solidarity towards inclusive ocean decision making, 7 June 2023 at 777 United Nations Plaza, 2nd Floor Conference Room, New York. • Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa, 9 June 2023 at 777 United Nations Plaza, 2nd Floor Conference Room, New York. • One Ocean Hub and UN-Nippon Fellows meeting 'Prototyping integrated and inclusive ocean governance through art- and human rights-based research', 9 June 2023, at the UN Headquarters, New York. The Hub partnered with Peace Boat at the UN Ocean Conference in Lisbon, Portugal in the following events: 1. Scaling up Ocean Action with Empowerment of SIDS Youth, Awareness Raising and Citizenship Engagement (led by Peace Boat), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). See here: https://peaceboat.org/english/news/un-ocean-conference_sideevent. The event was attended by 250 participants. 2. Sunset Reception Onboard: High-Level Event for Ocean and Climate Action (in partnership with Peace Boat and Blue Planet Alliance), 27 June 2022 Venue: WaterX - Powering Nautical Events, Doca Alcântara. See here: https://bit.ly/UNOcean-Reception-June27. The event was attended by 100 high-level attendees including government officials, representatives of regional and international organisations, NGOs, and youth representatives. List of collaborative side-events with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global at COP27 1. Roundtable: Centering the Ocean on the Agenda at the Ocean x Climate Summit (led by Oceanic Global) 11th November 2022, Park Regency Sharm El Sheikh Resort 58 Gardens Bay Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt. More information here: https://oceanic.global/projects/cop-27-the-ocean-x-climate-summit/. The event was attended by 50 attendees. 2. Ocean Innovation Partnership Dinner (co-organised with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance, Extreme Hangout and Oceanic Global) 11th November 2022, EXTREME Hangout, the Lawn, Park Regency Hotel, Sharm El Sheikh. More information here: https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/ocean-innovation-partnership-dinner-tickets-461929372187 and here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/98fsliln6dckk2lgai7lq246hn. The event was attended by 100 attendees. 3. A video of remarks by Camilla Awo Dzidzor, a representative of children from Keta Municipality in Ghana was screened before a panel discussion on "Building Resilience: Localized Action Against a Changing Climate" at the Ocean x Climate Summit organised by Oceanic Global on 11th November 2022 at Park Regency Sharm El Sheikh Resort. For more information see here: https://oceanic.global/projects/cop-27-the-ocean-x-climate-summit/ and here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU. The event was attended by 100 attendees. Mpume Mthombeni's performance at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration, 9 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs" at the UN Headquarters, New York in national and international policy development. Recording available from here: https://unworldoceansday.org and here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2-uSE26tnU. Blogposts Febrica S and Snow B. (2022). "Sailing to the climate COP27."Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/sailing-to-the-climate-cop27/. Febrica S. (2022). "Advancing children's rights through nature-based solutions". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-childrens-rights-through-nature-based-solutions/. Febrica S. (2022). "Contributing to defining the 2022 UN Ocean Conference Interactive Dialogue." https://oneoceanhub.org/contributing-to-defining-the-2022-un-ocean-conference-interactive-dialogues/. Morgera E. (2022). "Reflecting on the UN Ocean Conference and the need to scale up ocean action for the transformative ocean governance we all need." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-the-un-ocean-conference-and-the-need-to-scale-up-ocean-action-for-the-transformative-ocean-governance-we-all-need/. Mthombeni M. (2023). "I took my ancestors to the United Nations and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Empatheatre short film 'Indlela Yokuphila: the Soul's Journey' at the United Nations World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-short-film-indlela-yokuphila-the-souls-journey-at-the-united-nations-world-ocean-week/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Empatheatre performance 'Lalela Ulwandle' sparked conversation around ocean governance during UN celebrations of World Oceans Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-performance-lalela-ulwandle-sparked-conversation-around-ocean-governance-during-un-celebrations-of-world-oceans-week/. Peer-reviewed article Morgera E and Lennan M. (2022). "Strengthening Intergenerational Equity at the Ocean-Climate Nexus: Reflections on the UNCRC General Comment No.26." Environmental Policy and Law. DOI 10.3233/EPL-219052. Available from here: https://content.iospress.com/articles/environmental-policy-and-law/epl219052. Open access article is available here: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4284824. Chapter 2: When ancestors are included in ocean and decision-making Publication authored by D McGarry (2023) in Hydrofeminist Thinking with Oceans Political and Scholarly Possibilities. Edited By Tamara Shefer, Vivienne Bozalek, Nike Romano. Routledge. Available from here: https://www.routledge.com/Hydrofeminist-Thinking-With-Oceans-Political-and-Scholarly-Possibilities/Shefer-Bozalek-Romano/p/book/9781032408996. Chapter 12: Grandmothers of the sea: Stories and lessons from five Xhosa ocean elders Publication authored by B Francis and D McGarry (2023) in Hydrofeminist Thinking With Oceans Political and Scholarly Possibilities Edited By Tamara Shefer, Vivienne Bozalek, Nike Romano. Routledge. Available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/grandmothers-of-the-sea-stories-and-lessons-from-five-xhosa-ocean-elders/
Start Year 2020
 
Description Building alliances on ocean, climate and youth 
Organisation Rhodes University
Country South Africa 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Collaboration with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global began in June 2020 through the Friends of the United Nations World Ocean Day (FOWOD) working group. The FOWOD is chaired by Peace Boat and co-led by the United Nations Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (UNDOALOS) and the Oceanic Global. It is an informal community of individuals and organisations active in the field of ocean affairs to support the marking of United Nations World Oceans Day, 8 June, and related activities. This year is the fifth year running that the One Ocean Hub has been the FOWOD. To date, the Hub has co-organised and hosted 23 unique events through the UN World Ocean Day 2020-2023, which are listed below. These events were organised with representation from across all Hub focus countries. Collaboration with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global through FOWOD led to closer collaboration with Peace Boat on youth empowerment and ocean-climate action at 2022 UN Ocean Conference in Portugal and Climate COP27 in Egypt. During the UN Ocean Conference, the One Ocean Hub engaged with Peace Boat and other partners on the following key messages: • Inclusive ocean knowledge co-production supports the development of fair and sustainable blue economies. • The Sustainable Development Goals can only be achieved if human rights are mainstreamed in ocean science and policy. • The latest understanding of deep-sea ecosystems, and their benefits to humanity, must be considered in decisions that can impact the ocean. • The arts provide a space for transformative dialogue about blue economies that respond to the human rights of indigenous peoples and small-scale fishers, including women and children. The Hub contributed to and co-hosted ten in-person, virtual, and hybrid events on 27 June - 1 July 2022. Two of these in-person events were led by Peace Boat on 27 June 2022: 'Scaling up Ocean Action with Empowerment of SIDS Youth, Awareness Raising and Citizenship Engagement (https://peaceboat.org/english/news/un-ocean-conference_sideevent) and Sunset Reception Onboard: High-Level Event for Ocean and Climate Action (in partnership with Blue Planet Alliance). The 'Scaling up Ocean Action' event was co-organised by the Republic of Kiribati and Peace Boat with the Government of the Republic of Palau, Oceanic Global, One Ocean Hub, Ciencia Viva, Sustainable Ocean Alliance, Fabien Cousteau Ocean Learning Center, Proteus Group, United by the Sea, and the Blue Planet Alliance. The event explored the connection amongst partner organisations working towards education for the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, as well as the importance of innovation for the ocean, and youth empowerment for the future generation of ocean leaders. The Hub was represented by Dr Bernadette Snow, Deputy Director of One Ocean Hub, who shared the Hub's research findings and experience in empowering children and young people. The 'High-Level Event for Ocean and Climate Action' aimed to expand networks of leaders in ocean space. The Hub further collaborated with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global at the UN Climate COP27 (Sharm el-Sheikh, 6-18 November 2022) to advance Children's Environmental Rights Initiative key messages: 1. Ocean-based action need to specifically consider children rights, including the assessment of blue carbon initiative, adaptation and loss and damage. 2. We need we need guidelines on fisheries as part of ocean-based adaptation approaches to strengthen resilience, prevent damage and protect children's rights 3. Ocean-climate action must limit the impacts of ocean acidification on children's rights. The Hub contributed to the Roundtable "Centering the Ocean on the Agenda at the Ocean x Climate Summit" led by Oceanic Global on 11 November 2022 and together with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance, Extreme Hangout and Oceanic Global co-organised Ocean Innovation Partnership Dinner (co-organised) on the same day. The Hub together with Mara Ghilan, a youth representative from the Global Alliance of Universities on Climate, Peace Boat and Oceanic Global also co-organised a side-event 'Advancing human rights standards in nature-based solutions: lessons from land to sea' on 16 November 2022 at the first-ever Children and Youth Pavilion at UN Climate COP Blue Zone. This Hub-led event brought together children and youth representatives, organisations that work closely with youth, experts, and the UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, Dr David Boyd. The event focused on biodiversity finance and the ocean-climate-human rights nexus. It provided a platform to hear young voices on nature-based solutions for climate change mitigation and adaptation and enable inter-generational learning on human rights and climate finance. The event explored what lessons can be learned from nature-based solutions in promoting and protecting children's and youth human rights, as attention on ocean-based climate action grows. It was designed to clarify how we can respect human rights standards in ocean-based climate solutions, by learning lessons from land-based climate action. During the 2023 UN World Oceans Week, the Hub was invited to contribute to the UN-led celebrations of World Ocean Day. Mpume Mthombeni delivered a performance and spotlight talk at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration, 9 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs" at the UN Headquarters, New York. Mpume Mthombeni is an actress, writer and director from South Africa, and a Hub researcher. She is a Sangoma or traditional healer who heals not with traditional medicine (umuthi) but rather with words and stories. She is the co-director of Empatheatre, a theatre collective that creates public-storytelling processes in which people across different power and agency can engage with decision making in embodied and contextual ways. Mpume shared how storytelling, and story-listening dissolves the barriers and disconnections between disciplines and departments, sculpts new evidence, new ways of valuing knowing and knowledge, and it creates new ways of making meaning with the ocean. Their co-created films and theatre productions have been used as evidence in court cases and in national and international policy development. Her performance elicited three rounds of applause and a standing ovation. In addition, the Hub, Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance and the UNDOALOS co-hosted the following three in-person events on the 7-9 June 2024 in New York at Peace Boat office at 777 United Nations Plaza, in New York: 1. Theatre performance "Lalela Ulwandle" (Listen to the Sea) and a conversation on inclusive ocean governance, 7 June. The event enabled audience to experience multi-generational stories of evolving connections to the ocean from the perspectives of small-scale fishers, traditional healers, marine scientists and educators, and reflected on the importance of history, cultural heritage and different forms of knowledge for inclusive and integrated ocean governance. 2. International premiere of the animation "Indlela Yokuphila: The Soul's Journey" - When indigenous and scientific knowledge work in solidarity towards inclusive ocean decision making, 7 June 2023. The event explored the wonder of Indigenous knowledge on the role of the ocean in planetary ecological processes and areas of contact between Indigenous knowledge and ocean science. It addressed ways in which ocean researchers and decision-makers can work together with Indigenous and local knowledge holders. 3. Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa, 9 June 2023. The event explored a variety of art-based research approaches that support knowledge co-production on the ocean across different disciplines and cultures, and discussed how creative methods to better engage with, and protect the human rights of Indigenous and local knowledge holders within ocean governance could be adapted to collaborative projects and inclusion decision-making processes. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Education, Ghana • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in Global North: UNDOALOS, US The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in Global South: Conflict Research Network West Africa, Ghana; the Government of the Republic of Kiribati; and the Government of the Republic of Palau; • Research organisations based in Global North: Sciences Po, France; Grantham Research Institute, UK; Global Alliance of Universities on Climate, Switzerland • Partner organisations based in Global North: Peace Boat, US; Blue Planet Alliance, US; Oceanic Global, US; UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, Switzerland; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, France.
Collaborator Contribution Oceanic Global together with the UNDOALOS has been leading the development of the UN World Ocean Day programme since 2020. Oceanic Global has invited the One Ocean Hub to respond to global call for events and exhibitions and since 2022, Oceanic Global has approached the Hub directly to ask for nomination of speakers from the Hub. The 2023 theme for the UN World Oceans Day was 'Planet Ocean: Tides are Changing. Time to put the ocean first!', and Oceanic Global invited the Hub to nominate a speaker in relation to 'capacity building: a story demonstrating the importance of capacity-building in addressing ocean issues'. In addition, as part of the partnership under the FOWOD, Peace Boat and the Hub co-organised five events during the UN World Ocean Week in New York. Peace Boat is a Japan-based international NGO working to promote peace, human rights, and sustainability. Guided by the SDGs, each year Peace Boar organises three global voyages and two shorter Asian regional voyages. Both onboard and in-port, Peace Boat programmes engage youth through travel and education to explore the main aspects of Peace Boat's activities - peace, human rights, and sustainability. At the 2022 UN Ocean Conference, Peace Boat co-organised with the Hub, and the Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kiribati to the UN the event titled 'Scaling up Ocean Action with Empowerment of SIDS Youth, Awareness Raising and Citizenship Engagement', which was attended by 300 in-person participants and showcased the important role of youth in scaling up ocean action, in particular youth from Small Island Developing States (SIDS) on the front lines of the ocean crisis. Stocktaking successes and challenges since 2017, it also looked towards further developments and collaborations for empowerment and engagement of SIDS youth with the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. In addition, Peace Boat has approached the Hub to discuss participating in their cruise programme (https://pbcruise.com/cruise/115). This would be part of a programme that Peace Boat launched at the first (2017) UN Ocean Conference - the Ocean and Climate Youth Ambassador Programme in collaboration with the Alliance of Small Island Developing States (AOSIS) for youth leaders from states on the front line of climate change and marine degradation. They have since regularly travelled onboard Peace Boat's ship to engage in capacity building and awareness raising through public engagement, meeting with government and civil society representatives. The programme has been carried out through partnerships with national governments, academia, and civil society organisations to promote the implementation of SDG14. Each time, participants with diverse backgrounds in science, public policy, the arts, grassroots, and international activism shared their skills and experiences, as well as the diverse situations in their own countries. They visited ports in Europe and concluded in New York with events in collaboration with UN partners at the United Nations Headquarters including during UN World Oceans Day. To celebrate the beginning of the 2022 UN Ocean Conference, Peace Boat in partnership with the One Ocean Hub, Blue Planet Alliance, Earth X, United by the Sea, Proteus Ocean Group, Water X, and Solgaard also co-organised a High-Level Reception on the WaterX Yacht. The event gathered 100 high-level attendees, including government officials, representatives of regional and international organisations, NGOs, and youth representatives. The success of this initiative led to further collaboration between the One Ocean Hub, Peace Boat, Oceanic Global, Blue Planet Alliance, and Extreme Hangout to co-organise the Ocean Innovation Partnership Dinner on 11 November 2022 at the UN Climate COP27 in Egypt. The event highlighted ocean innovation for climate action, including representatives from sustainable businesses, the United Nations, NGOs, civil society, artists, musicians, and youth who are making a positive impact for our climate. Together we are exploring opportunities to build our networks, mainstream the role of ocean in climate action and finance, and create lasting change for people and the planet for future UN Climate COPs and other international processes. Oceanic Global is an international NGO that sheds light on humanity's essential relationship to the ocean and empowers individuals, communities, and industries to create positive change. Oceanic Global works closely with youths and creates educational experiences, consults on sustainable operations, as well as engages local communities to generate measurable impact for collective wellbeing. Drawing from our close collaboration as part of the FOWOD, the Hub and Oceanic Global have collaborated closely at the UN Climate COP27. Oceanic Global led the Ocean X Climate Summit that the Hub contributed to. The event immersed global stakeholders in the importance and potential of the ocean within the climate change narrative, and to support more stakeholder action for the ocean and all it sustains. The Ocean X Climate Summit was organized in partnership with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO and the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. As part of the Summit, the Hub Deputy Director, Dr Bernadette Snow, contributed to the 'Roundtable: Creating a Common Agenda for our Shared Ocean'. Dr Snow's intervention highlighted the importance of the inclusion of different stakeholders including Indigenous Peoples, local communities, young and people and children and different knowledge systems to enhance the visibility and place of the ocean-climate nexus in international convenings and in national action. The Hub also facilitated video remarks by Camilla Awo Dzidzor, a representative of children from Keta Municipality in Ghana, that was screened before a panel discussion on 'Building Resilience: Localized Action Against a Changing Climate' at the Summit. Dzidzor's video remarks (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU) highlighted the direct impacts of climate change on children's rights to a healthy environment, health, and education, and the need for children's participation in decision making around ocean and climate change. Dzidzor's intervention at the Summit was made possible through support provided by Hub researchers in Ghana including Dr Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast), Dr Harrison Golo (University of Education, Ghana) and Dr Ibrahim Sulley (Conflict Research Network West Africa - Ghana Office). Both Oceanic Global and Peace Boat were also involved in co-organising the Hub-led event 'Advancing human rights standards in nature-based solutions: lessons from land to sea for the Children and Youth Pavilion at COP27 Blue Zone, Egypt on 16 November 2022. At the event children from South Africa, Ghana, Greenland, and Samoa, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, David Boyd, and experts from the One Ocean Hub, Sciences Po, and Grantham Research Institute, LSE spoke about what they deemed as the most important priorities to address the challenges posed by climate change, why leadership and empowerment of young people are so important for tackling these challenges, and explored approaches needed to ensure protection of human rights. Representatives of youth and organisations that work closely with youth such as Oceanic Global, Peace Boat, Sustainable Ocean Alliance, and Global Youth Biodiversity Network shared their experiences of youth climate advocacy work and the major challenges to youth climate action. They stressed that: • It is important for policy makers not only to hear youth's views, but also to integrate them into governance; • the difficulties to gain accreditation, the economic costs of participation, and the lack of technical assistance and capacity-building for youth to engage effectively as observers or negotiators hinder youth to participate in decision making process, such as COP27. Decision makers need to understand barriers that youth face to improve participation of youth in key ocean-climate decision making spaces. • Youth are fighting to reverse the impacts of climate change and to mainstream rights-based approaches, to ensure that children and youth vulnerabilities to climate change are recognised. • It is important to fund research in the Global South, particularly research carried out by young researchers to inform future climate change action. • Fighting for climate justice and equity is an intergenerational effort: it is critical to acknowledge existing work and ancient wisdom while uplifting and empowering the next generation. In 2023 the Hub, Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance Oceanic Global and the UNDOALOS co-hosted five in-person events on 7-9 June 2023 to celebrate the UN World Oceans Week in New York. These events built upon the success of the Empatheatre live-performance events at Climate COP27 in Sharm-El-Sheikh (November 2022), the Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in Rome (March 2023) as well as the insights arising from the Hub's workshop on arts-based research approaches to protect the human rights of small-scale fisheries in Rome (March 2023) (More information here https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-performance-lalela-ulwandle-sparked-conversation-around-ocean-governance-during-un-celebrations-of-world-oceans-week/ and here: https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf). The Hub's participation in the 2023 UN World Oceans Week has strengthened the Hub's contributions to UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, and prepared the way towards further contributions at the Small-Scale Fisheries Summit in July 2024, and the preparation for the third UN Ocean Conference 2025. Three events were co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with Peace Boat, an official UN Ocean Decade partner that focuses on youth empowerment. These events linked the Hub research and engagement activities on intersection of art, ocean culture and heritage with one of the goals of Ocean Decade 'An inspiring and engaging ocean where society understands and values the ocean in relation to human wellbeing and sustainable development'. It is expected that the Hub will be working more closely with Peace Boat in 2024 following the official appointment of the Hub as a UN Decade Implementing Partner focusing on transdiciplinarity in October 2023 (https://oneoceanhub.org/our-endorsement-as-implementing-partner-of-the-un-ocean-decade/). The two art events we co-organised with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance, Oceanic Global and the UNDOALOS for the UN World Oceans Week were a 'Theatre performance "Lalela Ulwandle" (Listen to the Sea) and a conversation on inclusive ocean governance' on 7 June 2023 and the 'International premiere of the animation "Indlela Yokuphila: The Soul's Journey" - When indigenous and scientific knowledge work in solidarity towards inclusive ocean decision making' on 7 June 2023 helped to draw members of the Friends of the World Oceans Day's attention to the Hub (https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-short-film-indlela-yokuphila-the-souls-journey-at-the-united-nations-world-ocean-week/). In the run up to the UN World Ocean Day, the password-protected film of "Indlela Yokuphila" was shared by the Hub Support Team in February 2023 with the three organisations who led the Friends of the World Oceans Day working group: the UNDOALOS, Oceanic Global, and Peace Boat. This has led to the invitation to the Empatheatre team member, Mpume Mthombeni, to be one of the spotlight speakers at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration at the UN Headquarters in New York on 8 June 2023. Like the two previous side-events, the third event 'Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa' on 9 June 2023 has successively brought local perspectives into international conversations that is deemed rare at international events. Mpume Mthombeni, an artist and a traditional healer from South Africa, participated directly as a panellist in this event and the other two side-events co-organised with Peace Boat and the Blue Planet Alliance (https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/). Mpume Mthombeni's invited performance and spotlight talk at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration on 8 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs" was facilitated by the UNDOALOS, Oceanic Global and Peace Boat. It highlighted the importance to engage traditional knowledge and traditional knowledge holders in a respectful manner. Mpume was the only speaker who received three rounds of applause and standing ovation at the event (Full event recording is available here: https://unworldoceansday.org; Individual segment of Mpume Mthombeni performance is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2-uSE26tnU). The 2023 UN World Ocean Day was attended by 350+ in-person attendees at the UN Headquarters, 102,000 online viewers, reaching 110 UN member states and 380 different organisations (https://drive.google.com/file/d/1N0oI_O_H3hnvG4EKLmCxSEP25-mMMxwK/view). In December 2023, the UNDOALOS, Oceanic Global, and Peace Boat have extended another invitation to the Hub to nominate a speaker for the 2024 UN World Oceans Day celebration at the UN Headquarters, New York. The collaboration titled "Building alliances on ocean, climate and youth" has demonstrable policy and public services impacts as it has raised awareness and built a network of civil society organisations, academic, governments and UN bodies to advance children and young people's human rights to a healthy ocean at various international processes including the UN World Oceans Day from 2020 to 2023, the UN Ocean Conference in 2022, and Climate COP27 in Egypt. This collaboration also delivered societal impacts by providing capacity building to 104,787 government officials, civil society, representatives of regional and international organisations, businesses, children and youth activists, academics and students on the interlinkages between ocean, climate change and human rights through the co-organisation of a total of 28 online, in-person and hybrid events. The collaboration has also mainstreamed gender equality. For events where the Hub had been able to collect information about attendees' gender, the findings showed that over 50 per cent of attendees were women. This confirms the interest of women in discussion around ocean governance and calls for the need for increase of capacity building for women in this area.
Impact List of 23 side-events that the One Ocean Hub has co-organised and hosted for the UN World Ocean Day as part of the FOWOD community. These events were attended by 104,187 participants including government officials, representatives of civil society, regional and international organisations, researchers and students. For detailed information see the collaboration entry titled "Strengthening capacity in international ocean governance": • Art for the Ocean, 11 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3X07HXs • Blue Economy: Global Trends, Local Challenges, and International Investment, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3RmTjqW • Breaking Laws on the Sea, 12 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3l1YtfT • Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation, 11 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3wMyYSw • Indlela yokuphila (the path of life), 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3qr7Mpf • Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea), 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3KSS1Qj • Marine Plastics: Online Discussion, 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3HhMceY • Marine Science-Policy Interface Roundtable, 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3RlvqQJ • Navigating Ocean Literacy and Sustainability in the Classroom, 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: https://bit.ly/3YdrgfR • Studying the Sea - Accessing Ocean Research Careers, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3DwmMJm • Transdisciplinary Research to the Rescue!, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3Ygea1G • Wonders of the Deep, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3kY8ieY • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU • Intangible Cultural Ocean Heritage and Participatory Research Methods, 8 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/CTzCTnQNoD4 • Canoe Culture and Heritage Ghana, 9 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/tdWFQ9Znank • Inclusive Ocean Conservation: Innovations in Marine Spatial Planning, 10 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/mP4LU8_4KK8 • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6 • Blue Heritage: The Role of Ocean Art and Culture in Ocean Science and Management, 7 June 2022. Recording available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGYDqEuAdj0 • Theatre performance "Lalela Ulwandle" (Listen to the Sea) and a conversation on inclusive ocean governance, 7 June 2023 at 777 United Nations Plaza, 2nd Floor Conference Room, New York. • International premiere of the animation "Indlela Yokuphila: The Soul's Journey" - When indigenous and scientific knowledge work in solidarity towards inclusive ocean decision making, 7 June 2023 at 777 United Nations Plaza, 2nd Floor Conference Room, New York. • Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa, 9 June 2023 at 777 United Nations Plaza, 2nd Floor Conference Room, New York. • One Ocean Hub and UN-Nippon Fellows meeting 'Prototyping integrated and inclusive ocean governance through art- and human rights-based research', 9 June 2023, at the UN Headquarters, New York. The Hub partnered with Peace Boat at the UN Ocean Conference in Lisbon, Portugal in the following events: 1. Scaling up Ocean Action with Empowerment of SIDS Youth, Awareness Raising and Citizenship Engagement (led by Peace Boat), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). See here: https://peaceboat.org/english/news/un-ocean-conference_sideevent. The event was attended by 250 participants. 2. Sunset Reception Onboard: High-Level Event for Ocean and Climate Action (in partnership with Peace Boat and Blue Planet Alliance), 27 June 2022 Venue: WaterX - Powering Nautical Events, Doca Alcântara. See here: https://bit.ly/UNOcean-Reception-June27. The event was attended by 100 high-level attendees including government officials, representatives of regional and international organisations, NGOs, and youth representatives. List of collaborative side-events with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global at COP27 1. Roundtable: Centering the Ocean on the Agenda at the Ocean x Climate Summit (led by Oceanic Global) 11th November 2022, Park Regency Sharm El Sheikh Resort 58 Gardens Bay Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt. More information here: https://oceanic.global/projects/cop-27-the-ocean-x-climate-summit/. The event was attended by 50 attendees. 2. Ocean Innovation Partnership Dinner (co-organised with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance, Extreme Hangout and Oceanic Global) 11th November 2022, EXTREME Hangout, the Lawn, Park Regency Hotel, Sharm El Sheikh. More information here: https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/ocean-innovation-partnership-dinner-tickets-461929372187 and here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/98fsliln6dckk2lgai7lq246hn. The event was attended by 100 attendees. 3. A video of remarks by Camilla Awo Dzidzor, a representative of children from Keta Municipality in Ghana was screened before a panel discussion on "Building Resilience: Localized Action Against a Changing Climate" at the Ocean x Climate Summit organised by Oceanic Global on 11th November 2022 at Park Regency Sharm El Sheikh Resort. For more information see here: https://oceanic.global/projects/cop-27-the-ocean-x-climate-summit/ and here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU. The event was attended by 100 attendees. Mpume Mthombeni's performance at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration, 9 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs" at the UN Headquarters, New York in national and international policy development. Recording available from here: https://unworldoceansday.org and here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2-uSE26tnU. Blogposts Febrica S and Snow B. (2022). "Sailing to the climate COP27."Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/sailing-to-the-climate-cop27/. Febrica S. (2022). "Advancing children's rights through nature-based solutions". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-childrens-rights-through-nature-based-solutions/. Febrica S. (2022). "Contributing to defining the 2022 UN Ocean Conference Interactive Dialogue." https://oneoceanhub.org/contributing-to-defining-the-2022-un-ocean-conference-interactive-dialogues/. Morgera E. (2022). "Reflecting on the UN Ocean Conference and the need to scale up ocean action for the transformative ocean governance we all need." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-the-un-ocean-conference-and-the-need-to-scale-up-ocean-action-for-the-transformative-ocean-governance-we-all-need/. Mthombeni M. (2023). "I took my ancestors to the United Nations and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Empatheatre short film 'Indlela Yokuphila: the Soul's Journey' at the United Nations World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-short-film-indlela-yokuphila-the-souls-journey-at-the-united-nations-world-ocean-week/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Empatheatre performance 'Lalela Ulwandle' sparked conversation around ocean governance during UN celebrations of World Oceans Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-performance-lalela-ulwandle-sparked-conversation-around-ocean-governance-during-un-celebrations-of-world-oceans-week/. Peer-reviewed article Morgera E and Lennan M. (2022). "Strengthening Intergenerational Equity at the Ocean-Climate Nexus: Reflections on the UNCRC General Comment No.26." Environmental Policy and Law. DOI 10.3233/EPL-219052. Available from here: https://content.iospress.com/articles/environmental-policy-and-law/epl219052. Open access article is available here: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4284824. Chapter 2: When ancestors are included in ocean and decision-making Publication authored by D McGarry (2023) in Hydrofeminist Thinking with Oceans Political and Scholarly Possibilities. Edited By Tamara Shefer, Vivienne Bozalek, Nike Romano. Routledge. Available from here: https://www.routledge.com/Hydrofeminist-Thinking-With-Oceans-Political-and-Scholarly-Possibilities/Shefer-Bozalek-Romano/p/book/9781032408996. Chapter 12: Grandmothers of the sea: Stories and lessons from five Xhosa ocean elders Publication authored by B Francis and D McGarry (2023) in Hydrofeminist Thinking With Oceans Political and Scholarly Possibilities Edited By Tamara Shefer, Vivienne Bozalek, Nike Romano. Routledge. Available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/grandmothers-of-the-sea-stories-and-lessons-from-five-xhosa-ocean-elders/
Start Year 2020
 
Description Building alliances on ocean, climate and youth 
Organisation Sciences Po
Country France 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Collaboration with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global began in June 2020 through the Friends of the United Nations World Ocean Day (FOWOD) working group. The FOWOD is chaired by Peace Boat and co-led by the United Nations Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (UNDOALOS) and the Oceanic Global. It is an informal community of individuals and organisations active in the field of ocean affairs to support the marking of United Nations World Oceans Day, 8 June, and related activities. This year is the fifth year running that the One Ocean Hub has been the FOWOD. To date, the Hub has co-organised and hosted 23 unique events through the UN World Ocean Day 2020-2023, which are listed below. These events were organised with representation from across all Hub focus countries. Collaboration with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global through FOWOD led to closer collaboration with Peace Boat on youth empowerment and ocean-climate action at 2022 UN Ocean Conference in Portugal and Climate COP27 in Egypt. During the UN Ocean Conference, the One Ocean Hub engaged with Peace Boat and other partners on the following key messages: • Inclusive ocean knowledge co-production supports the development of fair and sustainable blue economies. • The Sustainable Development Goals can only be achieved if human rights are mainstreamed in ocean science and policy. • The latest understanding of deep-sea ecosystems, and their benefits to humanity, must be considered in decisions that can impact the ocean. • The arts provide a space for transformative dialogue about blue economies that respond to the human rights of indigenous peoples and small-scale fishers, including women and children. The Hub contributed to and co-hosted ten in-person, virtual, and hybrid events on 27 June - 1 July 2022. Two of these in-person events were led by Peace Boat on 27 June 2022: 'Scaling up Ocean Action with Empowerment of SIDS Youth, Awareness Raising and Citizenship Engagement (https://peaceboat.org/english/news/un-ocean-conference_sideevent) and Sunset Reception Onboard: High-Level Event for Ocean and Climate Action (in partnership with Blue Planet Alliance). The 'Scaling up Ocean Action' event was co-organised by the Republic of Kiribati and Peace Boat with the Government of the Republic of Palau, Oceanic Global, One Ocean Hub, Ciencia Viva, Sustainable Ocean Alliance, Fabien Cousteau Ocean Learning Center, Proteus Group, United by the Sea, and the Blue Planet Alliance. The event explored the connection amongst partner organisations working towards education for the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, as well as the importance of innovation for the ocean, and youth empowerment for the future generation of ocean leaders. The Hub was represented by Dr Bernadette Snow, Deputy Director of One Ocean Hub, who shared the Hub's research findings and experience in empowering children and young people. The 'High-Level Event for Ocean and Climate Action' aimed to expand networks of leaders in ocean space. The Hub further collaborated with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global at the UN Climate COP27 (Sharm el-Sheikh, 6-18 November 2022) to advance Children's Environmental Rights Initiative key messages: 1. Ocean-based action need to specifically consider children rights, including the assessment of blue carbon initiative, adaptation and loss and damage. 2. We need we need guidelines on fisheries as part of ocean-based adaptation approaches to strengthen resilience, prevent damage and protect children's rights 3. Ocean-climate action must limit the impacts of ocean acidification on children's rights. The Hub contributed to the Roundtable "Centering the Ocean on the Agenda at the Ocean x Climate Summit" led by Oceanic Global on 11 November 2022 and together with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance, Extreme Hangout and Oceanic Global co-organised Ocean Innovation Partnership Dinner (co-organised) on the same day. The Hub together with Mara Ghilan, a youth representative from the Global Alliance of Universities on Climate, Peace Boat and Oceanic Global also co-organised a side-event 'Advancing human rights standards in nature-based solutions: lessons from land to sea' on 16 November 2022 at the first-ever Children and Youth Pavilion at UN Climate COP Blue Zone. This Hub-led event brought together children and youth representatives, organisations that work closely with youth, experts, and the UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, Dr David Boyd. The event focused on biodiversity finance and the ocean-climate-human rights nexus. It provided a platform to hear young voices on nature-based solutions for climate change mitigation and adaptation and enable inter-generational learning on human rights and climate finance. The event explored what lessons can be learned from nature-based solutions in promoting and protecting children's and youth human rights, as attention on ocean-based climate action grows. It was designed to clarify how we can respect human rights standards in ocean-based climate solutions, by learning lessons from land-based climate action. During the 2023 UN World Oceans Week, the Hub was invited to contribute to the UN-led celebrations of World Ocean Day. Mpume Mthombeni delivered a performance and spotlight talk at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration, 9 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs" at the UN Headquarters, New York. Mpume Mthombeni is an actress, writer and director from South Africa, and a Hub researcher. She is a Sangoma or traditional healer who heals not with traditional medicine (umuthi) but rather with words and stories. She is the co-director of Empatheatre, a theatre collective that creates public-storytelling processes in which people across different power and agency can engage with decision making in embodied and contextual ways. Mpume shared how storytelling, and story-listening dissolves the barriers and disconnections between disciplines and departments, sculpts new evidence, new ways of valuing knowing and knowledge, and it creates new ways of making meaning with the ocean. Their co-created films and theatre productions have been used as evidence in court cases and in national and international policy development. Her performance elicited three rounds of applause and a standing ovation. In addition, the Hub, Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance and the UNDOALOS co-hosted the following three in-person events on the 7-9 June 2024 in New York at Peace Boat office at 777 United Nations Plaza, in New York: 1. Theatre performance "Lalela Ulwandle" (Listen to the Sea) and a conversation on inclusive ocean governance, 7 June. The event enabled audience to experience multi-generational stories of evolving connections to the ocean from the perspectives of small-scale fishers, traditional healers, marine scientists and educators, and reflected on the importance of history, cultural heritage and different forms of knowledge for inclusive and integrated ocean governance. 2. International premiere of the animation "Indlela Yokuphila: The Soul's Journey" - When indigenous and scientific knowledge work in solidarity towards inclusive ocean decision making, 7 June 2023. The event explored the wonder of Indigenous knowledge on the role of the ocean in planetary ecological processes and areas of contact between Indigenous knowledge and ocean science. It addressed ways in which ocean researchers and decision-makers can work together with Indigenous and local knowledge holders. 3. Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa, 9 June 2023. The event explored a variety of art-based research approaches that support knowledge co-production on the ocean across different disciplines and cultures, and discussed how creative methods to better engage with, and protect the human rights of Indigenous and local knowledge holders within ocean governance could be adapted to collaborative projects and inclusion decision-making processes. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Education, Ghana • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in Global North: UNDOALOS, US The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in Global South: Conflict Research Network West Africa, Ghana; the Government of the Republic of Kiribati; and the Government of the Republic of Palau; • Research organisations based in Global North: Sciences Po, France; Grantham Research Institute, UK; Global Alliance of Universities on Climate, Switzerland • Partner organisations based in Global North: Peace Boat, US; Blue Planet Alliance, US; Oceanic Global, US; UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, Switzerland; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, France.
Collaborator Contribution Oceanic Global together with the UNDOALOS has been leading the development of the UN World Ocean Day programme since 2020. Oceanic Global has invited the One Ocean Hub to respond to global call for events and exhibitions and since 2022, Oceanic Global has approached the Hub directly to ask for nomination of speakers from the Hub. The 2023 theme for the UN World Oceans Day was 'Planet Ocean: Tides are Changing. Time to put the ocean first!', and Oceanic Global invited the Hub to nominate a speaker in relation to 'capacity building: a story demonstrating the importance of capacity-building in addressing ocean issues'. In addition, as part of the partnership under the FOWOD, Peace Boat and the Hub co-organised five events during the UN World Ocean Week in New York. Peace Boat is a Japan-based international NGO working to promote peace, human rights, and sustainability. Guided by the SDGs, each year Peace Boar organises three global voyages and two shorter Asian regional voyages. Both onboard and in-port, Peace Boat programmes engage youth through travel and education to explore the main aspects of Peace Boat's activities - peace, human rights, and sustainability. At the 2022 UN Ocean Conference, Peace Boat co-organised with the Hub, and the Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kiribati to the UN the event titled 'Scaling up Ocean Action with Empowerment of SIDS Youth, Awareness Raising and Citizenship Engagement', which was attended by 300 in-person participants and showcased the important role of youth in scaling up ocean action, in particular youth from Small Island Developing States (SIDS) on the front lines of the ocean crisis. Stocktaking successes and challenges since 2017, it also looked towards further developments and collaborations for empowerment and engagement of SIDS youth with the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. In addition, Peace Boat has approached the Hub to discuss participating in their cruise programme (https://pbcruise.com/cruise/115). This would be part of a programme that Peace Boat launched at the first (2017) UN Ocean Conference - the Ocean and Climate Youth Ambassador Programme in collaboration with the Alliance of Small Island Developing States (AOSIS) for youth leaders from states on the front line of climate change and marine degradation. They have since regularly travelled onboard Peace Boat's ship to engage in capacity building and awareness raising through public engagement, meeting with government and civil society representatives. The programme has been carried out through partnerships with national governments, academia, and civil society organisations to promote the implementation of SDG14. Each time, participants with diverse backgrounds in science, public policy, the arts, grassroots, and international activism shared their skills and experiences, as well as the diverse situations in their own countries. They visited ports in Europe and concluded in New York with events in collaboration with UN partners at the United Nations Headquarters including during UN World Oceans Day. To celebrate the beginning of the 2022 UN Ocean Conference, Peace Boat in partnership with the One Ocean Hub, Blue Planet Alliance, Earth X, United by the Sea, Proteus Ocean Group, Water X, and Solgaard also co-organised a High-Level Reception on the WaterX Yacht. The event gathered 100 high-level attendees, including government officials, representatives of regional and international organisations, NGOs, and youth representatives. The success of this initiative led to further collaboration between the One Ocean Hub, Peace Boat, Oceanic Global, Blue Planet Alliance, and Extreme Hangout to co-organise the Ocean Innovation Partnership Dinner on 11 November 2022 at the UN Climate COP27 in Egypt. The event highlighted ocean innovation for climate action, including representatives from sustainable businesses, the United Nations, NGOs, civil society, artists, musicians, and youth who are making a positive impact for our climate. Together we are exploring opportunities to build our networks, mainstream the role of ocean in climate action and finance, and create lasting change for people and the planet for future UN Climate COPs and other international processes. Oceanic Global is an international NGO that sheds light on humanity's essential relationship to the ocean and empowers individuals, communities, and industries to create positive change. Oceanic Global works closely with youths and creates educational experiences, consults on sustainable operations, as well as engages local communities to generate measurable impact for collective wellbeing. Drawing from our close collaboration as part of the FOWOD, the Hub and Oceanic Global have collaborated closely at the UN Climate COP27. Oceanic Global led the Ocean X Climate Summit that the Hub contributed to. The event immersed global stakeholders in the importance and potential of the ocean within the climate change narrative, and to support more stakeholder action for the ocean and all it sustains. The Ocean X Climate Summit was organized in partnership with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO and the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. As part of the Summit, the Hub Deputy Director, Dr Bernadette Snow, contributed to the 'Roundtable: Creating a Common Agenda for our Shared Ocean'. Dr Snow's intervention highlighted the importance of the inclusion of different stakeholders including Indigenous Peoples, local communities, young and people and children and different knowledge systems to enhance the visibility and place of the ocean-climate nexus in international convenings and in national action. The Hub also facilitated video remarks by Camilla Awo Dzidzor, a representative of children from Keta Municipality in Ghana, that was screened before a panel discussion on 'Building Resilience: Localized Action Against a Changing Climate' at the Summit. Dzidzor's video remarks (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU) highlighted the direct impacts of climate change on children's rights to a healthy environment, health, and education, and the need for children's participation in decision making around ocean and climate change. Dzidzor's intervention at the Summit was made possible through support provided by Hub researchers in Ghana including Dr Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast), Dr Harrison Golo (University of Education, Ghana) and Dr Ibrahim Sulley (Conflict Research Network West Africa - Ghana Office). Both Oceanic Global and Peace Boat were also involved in co-organising the Hub-led event 'Advancing human rights standards in nature-based solutions: lessons from land to sea for the Children and Youth Pavilion at COP27 Blue Zone, Egypt on 16 November 2022. At the event children from South Africa, Ghana, Greenland, and Samoa, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, David Boyd, and experts from the One Ocean Hub, Sciences Po, and Grantham Research Institute, LSE spoke about what they deemed as the most important priorities to address the challenges posed by climate change, why leadership and empowerment of young people are so important for tackling these challenges, and explored approaches needed to ensure protection of human rights. Representatives of youth and organisations that work closely with youth such as Oceanic Global, Peace Boat, Sustainable Ocean Alliance, and Global Youth Biodiversity Network shared their experiences of youth climate advocacy work and the major challenges to youth climate action. They stressed that: • It is important for policy makers not only to hear youth's views, but also to integrate them into governance; • the difficulties to gain accreditation, the economic costs of participation, and the lack of technical assistance and capacity-building for youth to engage effectively as observers or negotiators hinder youth to participate in decision making process, such as COP27. Decision makers need to understand barriers that youth face to improve participation of youth in key ocean-climate decision making spaces. • Youth are fighting to reverse the impacts of climate change and to mainstream rights-based approaches, to ensure that children and youth vulnerabilities to climate change are recognised. • It is important to fund research in the Global South, particularly research carried out by young researchers to inform future climate change action. • Fighting for climate justice and equity is an intergenerational effort: it is critical to acknowledge existing work and ancient wisdom while uplifting and empowering the next generation. In 2023 the Hub, Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance Oceanic Global and the UNDOALOS co-hosted five in-person events on 7-9 June 2023 to celebrate the UN World Oceans Week in New York. These events built upon the success of the Empatheatre live-performance events at Climate COP27 in Sharm-El-Sheikh (November 2022), the Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in Rome (March 2023) as well as the insights arising from the Hub's workshop on arts-based research approaches to protect the human rights of small-scale fisheries in Rome (March 2023) (More information here https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-performance-lalela-ulwandle-sparked-conversation-around-ocean-governance-during-un-celebrations-of-world-oceans-week/ and here: https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf). The Hub's participation in the 2023 UN World Oceans Week has strengthened the Hub's contributions to UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, and prepared the way towards further contributions at the Small-Scale Fisheries Summit in July 2024, and the preparation for the third UN Ocean Conference 2025. Three events were co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with Peace Boat, an official UN Ocean Decade partner that focuses on youth empowerment. These events linked the Hub research and engagement activities on intersection of art, ocean culture and heritage with one of the goals of Ocean Decade 'An inspiring and engaging ocean where society understands and values the ocean in relation to human wellbeing and sustainable development'. It is expected that the Hub will be working more closely with Peace Boat in 2024 following the official appointment of the Hub as a UN Decade Implementing Partner focusing on transdiciplinarity in October 2023 (https://oneoceanhub.org/our-endorsement-as-implementing-partner-of-the-un-ocean-decade/). The two art events we co-organised with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance, Oceanic Global and the UNDOALOS for the UN World Oceans Week were a 'Theatre performance "Lalela Ulwandle" (Listen to the Sea) and a conversation on inclusive ocean governance' on 7 June 2023 and the 'International premiere of the animation "Indlela Yokuphila: The Soul's Journey" - When indigenous and scientific knowledge work in solidarity towards inclusive ocean decision making' on 7 June 2023 helped to draw members of the Friends of the World Oceans Day's attention to the Hub (https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-short-film-indlela-yokuphila-the-souls-journey-at-the-united-nations-world-ocean-week/). In the run up to the UN World Ocean Day, the password-protected film of "Indlela Yokuphila" was shared by the Hub Support Team in February 2023 with the three organisations who led the Friends of the World Oceans Day working group: the UNDOALOS, Oceanic Global, and Peace Boat. This has led to the invitation to the Empatheatre team member, Mpume Mthombeni, to be one of the spotlight speakers at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration at the UN Headquarters in New York on 8 June 2023. Like the two previous side-events, the third event 'Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa' on 9 June 2023 has successively brought local perspectives into international conversations that is deemed rare at international events. Mpume Mthombeni, an artist and a traditional healer from South Africa, participated directly as a panellist in this event and the other two side-events co-organised with Peace Boat and the Blue Planet Alliance (https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/). Mpume Mthombeni's invited performance and spotlight talk at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration on 8 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs" was facilitated by the UNDOALOS, Oceanic Global and Peace Boat. It highlighted the importance to engage traditional knowledge and traditional knowledge holders in a respectful manner. Mpume was the only speaker who received three rounds of applause and standing ovation at the event (Full event recording is available here: https://unworldoceansday.org; Individual segment of Mpume Mthombeni performance is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2-uSE26tnU). The 2023 UN World Ocean Day was attended by 350+ in-person attendees at the UN Headquarters, 102,000 online viewers, reaching 110 UN member states and 380 different organisations (https://drive.google.com/file/d/1N0oI_O_H3hnvG4EKLmCxSEP25-mMMxwK/view). In December 2023, the UNDOALOS, Oceanic Global, and Peace Boat have extended another invitation to the Hub to nominate a speaker for the 2024 UN World Oceans Day celebration at the UN Headquarters, New York. The collaboration titled "Building alliances on ocean, climate and youth" has demonstrable policy and public services impacts as it has raised awareness and built a network of civil society organisations, academic, governments and UN bodies to advance children and young people's human rights to a healthy ocean at various international processes including the UN World Oceans Day from 2020 to 2023, the UN Ocean Conference in 2022, and Climate COP27 in Egypt. This collaboration also delivered societal impacts by providing capacity building to 104,787 government officials, civil society, representatives of regional and international organisations, businesses, children and youth activists, academics and students on the interlinkages between ocean, climate change and human rights through the co-organisation of a total of 28 online, in-person and hybrid events. The collaboration has also mainstreamed gender equality. For events where the Hub had been able to collect information about attendees' gender, the findings showed that over 50 per cent of attendees were women. This confirms the interest of women in discussion around ocean governance and calls for the need for increase of capacity building for women in this area.
Impact List of 23 side-events that the One Ocean Hub has co-organised and hosted for the UN World Ocean Day as part of the FOWOD community. These events were attended by 104,187 participants including government officials, representatives of civil society, regional and international organisations, researchers and students. For detailed information see the collaboration entry titled "Strengthening capacity in international ocean governance": • Art for the Ocean, 11 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3X07HXs • Blue Economy: Global Trends, Local Challenges, and International Investment, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3RmTjqW • Breaking Laws on the Sea, 12 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3l1YtfT • Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation, 11 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3wMyYSw • Indlela yokuphila (the path of life), 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3qr7Mpf • Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea), 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3KSS1Qj • Marine Plastics: Online Discussion, 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3HhMceY • Marine Science-Policy Interface Roundtable, 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3RlvqQJ • Navigating Ocean Literacy and Sustainability in the Classroom, 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: https://bit.ly/3YdrgfR • Studying the Sea - Accessing Ocean Research Careers, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3DwmMJm • Transdisciplinary Research to the Rescue!, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3Ygea1G • Wonders of the Deep, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3kY8ieY • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU • Intangible Cultural Ocean Heritage and Participatory Research Methods, 8 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/CTzCTnQNoD4 • Canoe Culture and Heritage Ghana, 9 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/tdWFQ9Znank • Inclusive Ocean Conservation: Innovations in Marine Spatial Planning, 10 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/mP4LU8_4KK8 • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6 • Blue Heritage: The Role of Ocean Art and Culture in Ocean Science and Management, 7 June 2022. Recording available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGYDqEuAdj0 • Theatre performance "Lalela Ulwandle" (Listen to the Sea) and a conversation on inclusive ocean governance, 7 June 2023 at 777 United Nations Plaza, 2nd Floor Conference Room, New York. • International premiere of the animation "Indlela Yokuphila: The Soul's Journey" - When indigenous and scientific knowledge work in solidarity towards inclusive ocean decision making, 7 June 2023 at 777 United Nations Plaza, 2nd Floor Conference Room, New York. • Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa, 9 June 2023 at 777 United Nations Plaza, 2nd Floor Conference Room, New York. • One Ocean Hub and UN-Nippon Fellows meeting 'Prototyping integrated and inclusive ocean governance through art- and human rights-based research', 9 June 2023, at the UN Headquarters, New York. The Hub partnered with Peace Boat at the UN Ocean Conference in Lisbon, Portugal in the following events: 1. Scaling up Ocean Action with Empowerment of SIDS Youth, Awareness Raising and Citizenship Engagement (led by Peace Boat), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). See here: https://peaceboat.org/english/news/un-ocean-conference_sideevent. The event was attended by 250 participants. 2. Sunset Reception Onboard: High-Level Event for Ocean and Climate Action (in partnership with Peace Boat and Blue Planet Alliance), 27 June 2022 Venue: WaterX - Powering Nautical Events, Doca Alcântara. See here: https://bit.ly/UNOcean-Reception-June27. The event was attended by 100 high-level attendees including government officials, representatives of regional and international organisations, NGOs, and youth representatives. List of collaborative side-events with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global at COP27 1. Roundtable: Centering the Ocean on the Agenda at the Ocean x Climate Summit (led by Oceanic Global) 11th November 2022, Park Regency Sharm El Sheikh Resort 58 Gardens Bay Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt. More information here: https://oceanic.global/projects/cop-27-the-ocean-x-climate-summit/. The event was attended by 50 attendees. 2. Ocean Innovation Partnership Dinner (co-organised with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance, Extreme Hangout and Oceanic Global) 11th November 2022, EXTREME Hangout, the Lawn, Park Regency Hotel, Sharm El Sheikh. More information here: https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/ocean-innovation-partnership-dinner-tickets-461929372187 and here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/98fsliln6dckk2lgai7lq246hn. The event was attended by 100 attendees. 3. A video of remarks by Camilla Awo Dzidzor, a representative of children from Keta Municipality in Ghana was screened before a panel discussion on "Building Resilience: Localized Action Against a Changing Climate" at the Ocean x Climate Summit organised by Oceanic Global on 11th November 2022 at Park Regency Sharm El Sheikh Resort. For more information see here: https://oceanic.global/projects/cop-27-the-ocean-x-climate-summit/ and here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU. The event was attended by 100 attendees. Mpume Mthombeni's performance at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration, 9 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs" at the UN Headquarters, New York in national and international policy development. Recording available from here: https://unworldoceansday.org and here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2-uSE26tnU. Blogposts Febrica S and Snow B. (2022). "Sailing to the climate COP27."Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/sailing-to-the-climate-cop27/. Febrica S. (2022). "Advancing children's rights through nature-based solutions". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-childrens-rights-through-nature-based-solutions/. Febrica S. (2022). "Contributing to defining the 2022 UN Ocean Conference Interactive Dialogue." https://oneoceanhub.org/contributing-to-defining-the-2022-un-ocean-conference-interactive-dialogues/. Morgera E. (2022). "Reflecting on the UN Ocean Conference and the need to scale up ocean action for the transformative ocean governance we all need." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-the-un-ocean-conference-and-the-need-to-scale-up-ocean-action-for-the-transformative-ocean-governance-we-all-need/. Mthombeni M. (2023). "I took my ancestors to the United Nations and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Empatheatre short film 'Indlela Yokuphila: the Soul's Journey' at the United Nations World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-short-film-indlela-yokuphila-the-souls-journey-at-the-united-nations-world-ocean-week/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Empatheatre performance 'Lalela Ulwandle' sparked conversation around ocean governance during UN celebrations of World Oceans Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-performance-lalela-ulwandle-sparked-conversation-around-ocean-governance-during-un-celebrations-of-world-oceans-week/. Peer-reviewed article Morgera E and Lennan M. (2022). "Strengthening Intergenerational Equity at the Ocean-Climate Nexus: Reflections on the UNCRC General Comment No.26." Environmental Policy and Law. DOI 10.3233/EPL-219052. Available from here: https://content.iospress.com/articles/environmental-policy-and-law/epl219052. Open access article is available here: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4284824. Chapter 2: When ancestors are included in ocean and decision-making Publication authored by D McGarry (2023) in Hydrofeminist Thinking with Oceans Political and Scholarly Possibilities. Edited By Tamara Shefer, Vivienne Bozalek, Nike Romano. Routledge. Available from here: https://www.routledge.com/Hydrofeminist-Thinking-With-Oceans-Political-and-Scholarly-Possibilities/Shefer-Bozalek-Romano/p/book/9781032408996. Chapter 12: Grandmothers of the sea: Stories and lessons from five Xhosa ocean elders Publication authored by B Francis and D McGarry (2023) in Hydrofeminist Thinking With Oceans Political and Scholarly Possibilities Edited By Tamara Shefer, Vivienne Bozalek, Nike Romano. Routledge. Available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/grandmothers-of-the-sea-stories-and-lessons-from-five-xhosa-ocean-elders/
Start Year 2020
 
Description Building alliances on ocean, climate and youth 
Organisation UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea
Country United States 
Sector Private 
PI Contribution Collaboration with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global began in June 2020 through the Friends of the United Nations World Ocean Day (FOWOD) working group. The FOWOD is chaired by Peace Boat and co-led by the United Nations Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (UNDOALOS) and the Oceanic Global. It is an informal community of individuals and organisations active in the field of ocean affairs to support the marking of United Nations World Oceans Day, 8 June, and related activities. This year is the fifth year running that the One Ocean Hub has been the FOWOD. To date, the Hub has co-organised and hosted 23 unique events through the UN World Ocean Day 2020-2023, which are listed below. These events were organised with representation from across all Hub focus countries. Collaboration with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global through FOWOD led to closer collaboration with Peace Boat on youth empowerment and ocean-climate action at 2022 UN Ocean Conference in Portugal and Climate COP27 in Egypt. During the UN Ocean Conference, the One Ocean Hub engaged with Peace Boat and other partners on the following key messages: • Inclusive ocean knowledge co-production supports the development of fair and sustainable blue economies. • The Sustainable Development Goals can only be achieved if human rights are mainstreamed in ocean science and policy. • The latest understanding of deep-sea ecosystems, and their benefits to humanity, must be considered in decisions that can impact the ocean. • The arts provide a space for transformative dialogue about blue economies that respond to the human rights of indigenous peoples and small-scale fishers, including women and children. The Hub contributed to and co-hosted ten in-person, virtual, and hybrid events on 27 June - 1 July 2022. Two of these in-person events were led by Peace Boat on 27 June 2022: 'Scaling up Ocean Action with Empowerment of SIDS Youth, Awareness Raising and Citizenship Engagement (https://peaceboat.org/english/news/un-ocean-conference_sideevent) and Sunset Reception Onboard: High-Level Event for Ocean and Climate Action (in partnership with Blue Planet Alliance). The 'Scaling up Ocean Action' event was co-organised by the Republic of Kiribati and Peace Boat with the Government of the Republic of Palau, Oceanic Global, One Ocean Hub, Ciencia Viva, Sustainable Ocean Alliance, Fabien Cousteau Ocean Learning Center, Proteus Group, United by the Sea, and the Blue Planet Alliance. The event explored the connection amongst partner organisations working towards education for the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, as well as the importance of innovation for the ocean, and youth empowerment for the future generation of ocean leaders. The Hub was represented by Dr Bernadette Snow, Deputy Director of One Ocean Hub, who shared the Hub's research findings and experience in empowering children and young people. The 'High-Level Event for Ocean and Climate Action' aimed to expand networks of leaders in ocean space. The Hub further collaborated with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global at the UN Climate COP27 (Sharm el-Sheikh, 6-18 November 2022) to advance Children's Environmental Rights Initiative key messages: 1. Ocean-based action need to specifically consider children rights, including the assessment of blue carbon initiative, adaptation and loss and damage. 2. We need we need guidelines on fisheries as part of ocean-based adaptation approaches to strengthen resilience, prevent damage and protect children's rights 3. Ocean-climate action must limit the impacts of ocean acidification on children's rights. The Hub contributed to the Roundtable "Centering the Ocean on the Agenda at the Ocean x Climate Summit" led by Oceanic Global on 11 November 2022 and together with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance, Extreme Hangout and Oceanic Global co-organised Ocean Innovation Partnership Dinner (co-organised) on the same day. The Hub together with Mara Ghilan, a youth representative from the Global Alliance of Universities on Climate, Peace Boat and Oceanic Global also co-organised a side-event 'Advancing human rights standards in nature-based solutions: lessons from land to sea' on 16 November 2022 at the first-ever Children and Youth Pavilion at UN Climate COP Blue Zone. This Hub-led event brought together children and youth representatives, organisations that work closely with youth, experts, and the UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, Dr David Boyd. The event focused on biodiversity finance and the ocean-climate-human rights nexus. It provided a platform to hear young voices on nature-based solutions for climate change mitigation and adaptation and enable inter-generational learning on human rights and climate finance. The event explored what lessons can be learned from nature-based solutions in promoting and protecting children's and youth human rights, as attention on ocean-based climate action grows. It was designed to clarify how we can respect human rights standards in ocean-based climate solutions, by learning lessons from land-based climate action. During the 2023 UN World Oceans Week, the Hub was invited to contribute to the UN-led celebrations of World Ocean Day. Mpume Mthombeni delivered a performance and spotlight talk at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration, 9 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs" at the UN Headquarters, New York. Mpume Mthombeni is an actress, writer and director from South Africa, and a Hub researcher. She is a Sangoma or traditional healer who heals not with traditional medicine (umuthi) but rather with words and stories. She is the co-director of Empatheatre, a theatre collective that creates public-storytelling processes in which people across different power and agency can engage with decision making in embodied and contextual ways. Mpume shared how storytelling, and story-listening dissolves the barriers and disconnections between disciplines and departments, sculpts new evidence, new ways of valuing knowing and knowledge, and it creates new ways of making meaning with the ocean. Their co-created films and theatre productions have been used as evidence in court cases and in national and international policy development. Her performance elicited three rounds of applause and a standing ovation. In addition, the Hub, Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance and the UNDOALOS co-hosted the following three in-person events on the 7-9 June 2024 in New York at Peace Boat office at 777 United Nations Plaza, in New York: 1. Theatre performance "Lalela Ulwandle" (Listen to the Sea) and a conversation on inclusive ocean governance, 7 June. The event enabled audience to experience multi-generational stories of evolving connections to the ocean from the perspectives of small-scale fishers, traditional healers, marine scientists and educators, and reflected on the importance of history, cultural heritage and different forms of knowledge for inclusive and integrated ocean governance. 2. International premiere of the animation "Indlela Yokuphila: The Soul's Journey" - When indigenous and scientific knowledge work in solidarity towards inclusive ocean decision making, 7 June 2023. The event explored the wonder of Indigenous knowledge on the role of the ocean in planetary ecological processes and areas of contact between Indigenous knowledge and ocean science. It addressed ways in which ocean researchers and decision-makers can work together with Indigenous and local knowledge holders. 3. Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa, 9 June 2023. The event explored a variety of art-based research approaches that support knowledge co-production on the ocean across different disciplines and cultures, and discussed how creative methods to better engage with, and protect the human rights of Indigenous and local knowledge holders within ocean governance could be adapted to collaborative projects and inclusion decision-making processes. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Education, Ghana • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in Global North: UNDOALOS, US The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in Global South: Conflict Research Network West Africa, Ghana; the Government of the Republic of Kiribati; and the Government of the Republic of Palau; • Research organisations based in Global North: Sciences Po, France; Grantham Research Institute, UK; Global Alliance of Universities on Climate, Switzerland • Partner organisations based in Global North: Peace Boat, US; Blue Planet Alliance, US; Oceanic Global, US; UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, Switzerland; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, France.
Collaborator Contribution Oceanic Global together with the UNDOALOS has been leading the development of the UN World Ocean Day programme since 2020. Oceanic Global has invited the One Ocean Hub to respond to global call for events and exhibitions and since 2022, Oceanic Global has approached the Hub directly to ask for nomination of speakers from the Hub. The 2023 theme for the UN World Oceans Day was 'Planet Ocean: Tides are Changing. Time to put the ocean first!', and Oceanic Global invited the Hub to nominate a speaker in relation to 'capacity building: a story demonstrating the importance of capacity-building in addressing ocean issues'. In addition, as part of the partnership under the FOWOD, Peace Boat and the Hub co-organised five events during the UN World Ocean Week in New York. Peace Boat is a Japan-based international NGO working to promote peace, human rights, and sustainability. Guided by the SDGs, each year Peace Boar organises three global voyages and two shorter Asian regional voyages. Both onboard and in-port, Peace Boat programmes engage youth through travel and education to explore the main aspects of Peace Boat's activities - peace, human rights, and sustainability. At the 2022 UN Ocean Conference, Peace Boat co-organised with the Hub, and the Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kiribati to the UN the event titled 'Scaling up Ocean Action with Empowerment of SIDS Youth, Awareness Raising and Citizenship Engagement', which was attended by 300 in-person participants and showcased the important role of youth in scaling up ocean action, in particular youth from Small Island Developing States (SIDS) on the front lines of the ocean crisis. Stocktaking successes and challenges since 2017, it also looked towards further developments and collaborations for empowerment and engagement of SIDS youth with the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. In addition, Peace Boat has approached the Hub to discuss participating in their cruise programme (https://pbcruise.com/cruise/115). This would be part of a programme that Peace Boat launched at the first (2017) UN Ocean Conference - the Ocean and Climate Youth Ambassador Programme in collaboration with the Alliance of Small Island Developing States (AOSIS) for youth leaders from states on the front line of climate change and marine degradation. They have since regularly travelled onboard Peace Boat's ship to engage in capacity building and awareness raising through public engagement, meeting with government and civil society representatives. The programme has been carried out through partnerships with national governments, academia, and civil society organisations to promote the implementation of SDG14. Each time, participants with diverse backgrounds in science, public policy, the arts, grassroots, and international activism shared their skills and experiences, as well as the diverse situations in their own countries. They visited ports in Europe and concluded in New York with events in collaboration with UN partners at the United Nations Headquarters including during UN World Oceans Day. To celebrate the beginning of the 2022 UN Ocean Conference, Peace Boat in partnership with the One Ocean Hub, Blue Planet Alliance, Earth X, United by the Sea, Proteus Ocean Group, Water X, and Solgaard also co-organised a High-Level Reception on the WaterX Yacht. The event gathered 100 high-level attendees, including government officials, representatives of regional and international organisations, NGOs, and youth representatives. The success of this initiative led to further collaboration between the One Ocean Hub, Peace Boat, Oceanic Global, Blue Planet Alliance, and Extreme Hangout to co-organise the Ocean Innovation Partnership Dinner on 11 November 2022 at the UN Climate COP27 in Egypt. The event highlighted ocean innovation for climate action, including representatives from sustainable businesses, the United Nations, NGOs, civil society, artists, musicians, and youth who are making a positive impact for our climate. Together we are exploring opportunities to build our networks, mainstream the role of ocean in climate action and finance, and create lasting change for people and the planet for future UN Climate COPs and other international processes. Oceanic Global is an international NGO that sheds light on humanity's essential relationship to the ocean and empowers individuals, communities, and industries to create positive change. Oceanic Global works closely with youths and creates educational experiences, consults on sustainable operations, as well as engages local communities to generate measurable impact for collective wellbeing. Drawing from our close collaboration as part of the FOWOD, the Hub and Oceanic Global have collaborated closely at the UN Climate COP27. Oceanic Global led the Ocean X Climate Summit that the Hub contributed to. The event immersed global stakeholders in the importance and potential of the ocean within the climate change narrative, and to support more stakeholder action for the ocean and all it sustains. The Ocean X Climate Summit was organized in partnership with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO and the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. As part of the Summit, the Hub Deputy Director, Dr Bernadette Snow, contributed to the 'Roundtable: Creating a Common Agenda for our Shared Ocean'. Dr Snow's intervention highlighted the importance of the inclusion of different stakeholders including Indigenous Peoples, local communities, young and people and children and different knowledge systems to enhance the visibility and place of the ocean-climate nexus in international convenings and in national action. The Hub also facilitated video remarks by Camilla Awo Dzidzor, a representative of children from Keta Municipality in Ghana, that was screened before a panel discussion on 'Building Resilience: Localized Action Against a Changing Climate' at the Summit. Dzidzor's video remarks (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU) highlighted the direct impacts of climate change on children's rights to a healthy environment, health, and education, and the need for children's participation in decision making around ocean and climate change. Dzidzor's intervention at the Summit was made possible through support provided by Hub researchers in Ghana including Dr Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast), Dr Harrison Golo (University of Education, Ghana) and Dr Ibrahim Sulley (Conflict Research Network West Africa - Ghana Office). Both Oceanic Global and Peace Boat were also involved in co-organising the Hub-led event 'Advancing human rights standards in nature-based solutions: lessons from land to sea for the Children and Youth Pavilion at COP27 Blue Zone, Egypt on 16 November 2022. At the event children from South Africa, Ghana, Greenland, and Samoa, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, David Boyd, and experts from the One Ocean Hub, Sciences Po, and Grantham Research Institute, LSE spoke about what they deemed as the most important priorities to address the challenges posed by climate change, why leadership and empowerment of young people are so important for tackling these challenges, and explored approaches needed to ensure protection of human rights. Representatives of youth and organisations that work closely with youth such as Oceanic Global, Peace Boat, Sustainable Ocean Alliance, and Global Youth Biodiversity Network shared their experiences of youth climate advocacy work and the major challenges to youth climate action. They stressed that: • It is important for policy makers not only to hear youth's views, but also to integrate them into governance; • the difficulties to gain accreditation, the economic costs of participation, and the lack of technical assistance and capacity-building for youth to engage effectively as observers or negotiators hinder youth to participate in decision making process, such as COP27. Decision makers need to understand barriers that youth face to improve participation of youth in key ocean-climate decision making spaces. • Youth are fighting to reverse the impacts of climate change and to mainstream rights-based approaches, to ensure that children and youth vulnerabilities to climate change are recognised. • It is important to fund research in the Global South, particularly research carried out by young researchers to inform future climate change action. • Fighting for climate justice and equity is an intergenerational effort: it is critical to acknowledge existing work and ancient wisdom while uplifting and empowering the next generation. In 2023 the Hub, Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance Oceanic Global and the UNDOALOS co-hosted five in-person events on 7-9 June 2023 to celebrate the UN World Oceans Week in New York. These events built upon the success of the Empatheatre live-performance events at Climate COP27 in Sharm-El-Sheikh (November 2022), the Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in Rome (March 2023) as well as the insights arising from the Hub's workshop on arts-based research approaches to protect the human rights of small-scale fisheries in Rome (March 2023) (More information here https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-performance-lalela-ulwandle-sparked-conversation-around-ocean-governance-during-un-celebrations-of-world-oceans-week/ and here: https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf). The Hub's participation in the 2023 UN World Oceans Week has strengthened the Hub's contributions to UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, and prepared the way towards further contributions at the Small-Scale Fisheries Summit in July 2024, and the preparation for the third UN Ocean Conference 2025. Three events were co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with Peace Boat, an official UN Ocean Decade partner that focuses on youth empowerment. These events linked the Hub research and engagement activities on intersection of art, ocean culture and heritage with one of the goals of Ocean Decade 'An inspiring and engaging ocean where society understands and values the ocean in relation to human wellbeing and sustainable development'. It is expected that the Hub will be working more closely with Peace Boat in 2024 following the official appointment of the Hub as a UN Decade Implementing Partner focusing on transdiciplinarity in October 2023 (https://oneoceanhub.org/our-endorsement-as-implementing-partner-of-the-un-ocean-decade/). The two art events we co-organised with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance, Oceanic Global and the UNDOALOS for the UN World Oceans Week were a 'Theatre performance "Lalela Ulwandle" (Listen to the Sea) and a conversation on inclusive ocean governance' on 7 June 2023 and the 'International premiere of the animation "Indlela Yokuphila: The Soul's Journey" - When indigenous and scientific knowledge work in solidarity towards inclusive ocean decision making' on 7 June 2023 helped to draw members of the Friends of the World Oceans Day's attention to the Hub (https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-short-film-indlela-yokuphila-the-souls-journey-at-the-united-nations-world-ocean-week/). In the run up to the UN World Ocean Day, the password-protected film of "Indlela Yokuphila" was shared by the Hub Support Team in February 2023 with the three organisations who led the Friends of the World Oceans Day working group: the UNDOALOS, Oceanic Global, and Peace Boat. This has led to the invitation to the Empatheatre team member, Mpume Mthombeni, to be one of the spotlight speakers at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration at the UN Headquarters in New York on 8 June 2023. Like the two previous side-events, the third event 'Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa' on 9 June 2023 has successively brought local perspectives into international conversations that is deemed rare at international events. Mpume Mthombeni, an artist and a traditional healer from South Africa, participated directly as a panellist in this event and the other two side-events co-organised with Peace Boat and the Blue Planet Alliance (https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/). Mpume Mthombeni's invited performance and spotlight talk at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration on 8 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs" was facilitated by the UNDOALOS, Oceanic Global and Peace Boat. It highlighted the importance to engage traditional knowledge and traditional knowledge holders in a respectful manner. Mpume was the only speaker who received three rounds of applause and standing ovation at the event (Full event recording is available here: https://unworldoceansday.org; Individual segment of Mpume Mthombeni performance is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2-uSE26tnU). The 2023 UN World Ocean Day was attended by 350+ in-person attendees at the UN Headquarters, 102,000 online viewers, reaching 110 UN member states and 380 different organisations (https://drive.google.com/file/d/1N0oI_O_H3hnvG4EKLmCxSEP25-mMMxwK/view). In December 2023, the UNDOALOS, Oceanic Global, and Peace Boat have extended another invitation to the Hub to nominate a speaker for the 2024 UN World Oceans Day celebration at the UN Headquarters, New York. The collaboration titled "Building alliances on ocean, climate and youth" has demonstrable policy and public services impacts as it has raised awareness and built a network of civil society organisations, academic, governments and UN bodies to advance children and young people's human rights to a healthy ocean at various international processes including the UN World Oceans Day from 2020 to 2023, the UN Ocean Conference in 2022, and Climate COP27 in Egypt. This collaboration also delivered societal impacts by providing capacity building to 104,787 government officials, civil society, representatives of regional and international organisations, businesses, children and youth activists, academics and students on the interlinkages between ocean, climate change and human rights through the co-organisation of a total of 28 online, in-person and hybrid events. The collaboration has also mainstreamed gender equality. For events where the Hub had been able to collect information about attendees' gender, the findings showed that over 50 per cent of attendees were women. This confirms the interest of women in discussion around ocean governance and calls for the need for increase of capacity building for women in this area.
Impact List of 23 side-events that the One Ocean Hub has co-organised and hosted for the UN World Ocean Day as part of the FOWOD community. These events were attended by 104,187 participants including government officials, representatives of civil society, regional and international organisations, researchers and students. For detailed information see the collaboration entry titled "Strengthening capacity in international ocean governance": • Art for the Ocean, 11 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3X07HXs • Blue Economy: Global Trends, Local Challenges, and International Investment, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3RmTjqW • Breaking Laws on the Sea, 12 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3l1YtfT • Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation, 11 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3wMyYSw • Indlela yokuphila (the path of life), 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3qr7Mpf • Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea), 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3KSS1Qj • Marine Plastics: Online Discussion, 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3HhMceY • Marine Science-Policy Interface Roundtable, 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3RlvqQJ • Navigating Ocean Literacy and Sustainability in the Classroom, 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: https://bit.ly/3YdrgfR • Studying the Sea - Accessing Ocean Research Careers, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3DwmMJm • Transdisciplinary Research to the Rescue!, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3Ygea1G • Wonders of the Deep, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3kY8ieY • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU • Intangible Cultural Ocean Heritage and Participatory Research Methods, 8 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/CTzCTnQNoD4 • Canoe Culture and Heritage Ghana, 9 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/tdWFQ9Znank • Inclusive Ocean Conservation: Innovations in Marine Spatial Planning, 10 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/mP4LU8_4KK8 • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6 • Blue Heritage: The Role of Ocean Art and Culture in Ocean Science and Management, 7 June 2022. Recording available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGYDqEuAdj0 • Theatre performance "Lalela Ulwandle" (Listen to the Sea) and a conversation on inclusive ocean governance, 7 June 2023 at 777 United Nations Plaza, 2nd Floor Conference Room, New York. • International premiere of the animation "Indlela Yokuphila: The Soul's Journey" - When indigenous and scientific knowledge work in solidarity towards inclusive ocean decision making, 7 June 2023 at 777 United Nations Plaza, 2nd Floor Conference Room, New York. • Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa, 9 June 2023 at 777 United Nations Plaza, 2nd Floor Conference Room, New York. • One Ocean Hub and UN-Nippon Fellows meeting 'Prototyping integrated and inclusive ocean governance through art- and human rights-based research', 9 June 2023, at the UN Headquarters, New York. The Hub partnered with Peace Boat at the UN Ocean Conference in Lisbon, Portugal in the following events: 1. Scaling up Ocean Action with Empowerment of SIDS Youth, Awareness Raising and Citizenship Engagement (led by Peace Boat), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). See here: https://peaceboat.org/english/news/un-ocean-conference_sideevent. The event was attended by 250 participants. 2. Sunset Reception Onboard: High-Level Event for Ocean and Climate Action (in partnership with Peace Boat and Blue Planet Alliance), 27 June 2022 Venue: WaterX - Powering Nautical Events, Doca Alcântara. See here: https://bit.ly/UNOcean-Reception-June27. The event was attended by 100 high-level attendees including government officials, representatives of regional and international organisations, NGOs, and youth representatives. List of collaborative side-events with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global at COP27 1. Roundtable: Centering the Ocean on the Agenda at the Ocean x Climate Summit (led by Oceanic Global) 11th November 2022, Park Regency Sharm El Sheikh Resort 58 Gardens Bay Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt. More information here: https://oceanic.global/projects/cop-27-the-ocean-x-climate-summit/. The event was attended by 50 attendees. 2. Ocean Innovation Partnership Dinner (co-organised with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance, Extreme Hangout and Oceanic Global) 11th November 2022, EXTREME Hangout, the Lawn, Park Regency Hotel, Sharm El Sheikh. More information here: https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/ocean-innovation-partnership-dinner-tickets-461929372187 and here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/98fsliln6dckk2lgai7lq246hn. The event was attended by 100 attendees. 3. A video of remarks by Camilla Awo Dzidzor, a representative of children from Keta Municipality in Ghana was screened before a panel discussion on "Building Resilience: Localized Action Against a Changing Climate" at the Ocean x Climate Summit organised by Oceanic Global on 11th November 2022 at Park Regency Sharm El Sheikh Resort. For more information see here: https://oceanic.global/projects/cop-27-the-ocean-x-climate-summit/ and here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU. The event was attended by 100 attendees. Mpume Mthombeni's performance at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration, 9 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs" at the UN Headquarters, New York in national and international policy development. Recording available from here: https://unworldoceansday.org and here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2-uSE26tnU. Blogposts Febrica S and Snow B. (2022). "Sailing to the climate COP27."Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/sailing-to-the-climate-cop27/. Febrica S. (2022). "Advancing children's rights through nature-based solutions". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-childrens-rights-through-nature-based-solutions/. Febrica S. (2022). "Contributing to defining the 2022 UN Ocean Conference Interactive Dialogue." https://oneoceanhub.org/contributing-to-defining-the-2022-un-ocean-conference-interactive-dialogues/. Morgera E. (2022). "Reflecting on the UN Ocean Conference and the need to scale up ocean action for the transformative ocean governance we all need." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-the-un-ocean-conference-and-the-need-to-scale-up-ocean-action-for-the-transformative-ocean-governance-we-all-need/. Mthombeni M. (2023). "I took my ancestors to the United Nations and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Empatheatre short film 'Indlela Yokuphila: the Soul's Journey' at the United Nations World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-short-film-indlela-yokuphila-the-souls-journey-at-the-united-nations-world-ocean-week/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Empatheatre performance 'Lalela Ulwandle' sparked conversation around ocean governance during UN celebrations of World Oceans Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-performance-lalela-ulwandle-sparked-conversation-around-ocean-governance-during-un-celebrations-of-world-oceans-week/. Peer-reviewed article Morgera E and Lennan M. (2022). "Strengthening Intergenerational Equity at the Ocean-Climate Nexus: Reflections on the UNCRC General Comment No.26." Environmental Policy and Law. DOI 10.3233/EPL-219052. Available from here: https://content.iospress.com/articles/environmental-policy-and-law/epl219052. Open access article is available here: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4284824. Chapter 2: When ancestors are included in ocean and decision-making Publication authored by D McGarry (2023) in Hydrofeminist Thinking with Oceans Political and Scholarly Possibilities. Edited By Tamara Shefer, Vivienne Bozalek, Nike Romano. Routledge. Available from here: https://www.routledge.com/Hydrofeminist-Thinking-With-Oceans-Political-and-Scholarly-Possibilities/Shefer-Bozalek-Romano/p/book/9781032408996. Chapter 12: Grandmothers of the sea: Stories and lessons from five Xhosa ocean elders Publication authored by B Francis and D McGarry (2023) in Hydrofeminist Thinking With Oceans Political and Scholarly Possibilities Edited By Tamara Shefer, Vivienne Bozalek, Nike Romano. Routledge. Available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/grandmothers-of-the-sea-stories-and-lessons-from-five-xhosa-ocean-elders/
Start Year 2020
 
Description Building alliances on ocean, climate and youth 
Organisation University of Cape Coast
Country Ghana 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Collaboration with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global began in June 2020 through the Friends of the United Nations World Ocean Day (FOWOD) working group. The FOWOD is chaired by Peace Boat and co-led by the United Nations Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (UNDOALOS) and the Oceanic Global. It is an informal community of individuals and organisations active in the field of ocean affairs to support the marking of United Nations World Oceans Day, 8 June, and related activities. This year is the fifth year running that the One Ocean Hub has been the FOWOD. To date, the Hub has co-organised and hosted 23 unique events through the UN World Ocean Day 2020-2023, which are listed below. These events were organised with representation from across all Hub focus countries. Collaboration with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global through FOWOD led to closer collaboration with Peace Boat on youth empowerment and ocean-climate action at 2022 UN Ocean Conference in Portugal and Climate COP27 in Egypt. During the UN Ocean Conference, the One Ocean Hub engaged with Peace Boat and other partners on the following key messages: • Inclusive ocean knowledge co-production supports the development of fair and sustainable blue economies. • The Sustainable Development Goals can only be achieved if human rights are mainstreamed in ocean science and policy. • The latest understanding of deep-sea ecosystems, and their benefits to humanity, must be considered in decisions that can impact the ocean. • The arts provide a space for transformative dialogue about blue economies that respond to the human rights of indigenous peoples and small-scale fishers, including women and children. The Hub contributed to and co-hosted ten in-person, virtual, and hybrid events on 27 June - 1 July 2022. Two of these in-person events were led by Peace Boat on 27 June 2022: 'Scaling up Ocean Action with Empowerment of SIDS Youth, Awareness Raising and Citizenship Engagement (https://peaceboat.org/english/news/un-ocean-conference_sideevent) and Sunset Reception Onboard: High-Level Event for Ocean and Climate Action (in partnership with Blue Planet Alliance). The 'Scaling up Ocean Action' event was co-organised by the Republic of Kiribati and Peace Boat with the Government of the Republic of Palau, Oceanic Global, One Ocean Hub, Ciencia Viva, Sustainable Ocean Alliance, Fabien Cousteau Ocean Learning Center, Proteus Group, United by the Sea, and the Blue Planet Alliance. The event explored the connection amongst partner organisations working towards education for the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, as well as the importance of innovation for the ocean, and youth empowerment for the future generation of ocean leaders. The Hub was represented by Dr Bernadette Snow, Deputy Director of One Ocean Hub, who shared the Hub's research findings and experience in empowering children and young people. The 'High-Level Event for Ocean and Climate Action' aimed to expand networks of leaders in ocean space. The Hub further collaborated with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global at the UN Climate COP27 (Sharm el-Sheikh, 6-18 November 2022) to advance Children's Environmental Rights Initiative key messages: 1. Ocean-based action need to specifically consider children rights, including the assessment of blue carbon initiative, adaptation and loss and damage. 2. We need we need guidelines on fisheries as part of ocean-based adaptation approaches to strengthen resilience, prevent damage and protect children's rights 3. Ocean-climate action must limit the impacts of ocean acidification on children's rights. The Hub contributed to the Roundtable "Centering the Ocean on the Agenda at the Ocean x Climate Summit" led by Oceanic Global on 11 November 2022 and together with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance, Extreme Hangout and Oceanic Global co-organised Ocean Innovation Partnership Dinner (co-organised) on the same day. The Hub together with Mara Ghilan, a youth representative from the Global Alliance of Universities on Climate, Peace Boat and Oceanic Global also co-organised a side-event 'Advancing human rights standards in nature-based solutions: lessons from land to sea' on 16 November 2022 at the first-ever Children and Youth Pavilion at UN Climate COP Blue Zone. This Hub-led event brought together children and youth representatives, organisations that work closely with youth, experts, and the UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, Dr David Boyd. The event focused on biodiversity finance and the ocean-climate-human rights nexus. It provided a platform to hear young voices on nature-based solutions for climate change mitigation and adaptation and enable inter-generational learning on human rights and climate finance. The event explored what lessons can be learned from nature-based solutions in promoting and protecting children's and youth human rights, as attention on ocean-based climate action grows. It was designed to clarify how we can respect human rights standards in ocean-based climate solutions, by learning lessons from land-based climate action. During the 2023 UN World Oceans Week, the Hub was invited to contribute to the UN-led celebrations of World Ocean Day. Mpume Mthombeni delivered a performance and spotlight talk at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration, 9 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs" at the UN Headquarters, New York. Mpume Mthombeni is an actress, writer and director from South Africa, and a Hub researcher. She is a Sangoma or traditional healer who heals not with traditional medicine (umuthi) but rather with words and stories. She is the co-director of Empatheatre, a theatre collective that creates public-storytelling processes in which people across different power and agency can engage with decision making in embodied and contextual ways. Mpume shared how storytelling, and story-listening dissolves the barriers and disconnections between disciplines and departments, sculpts new evidence, new ways of valuing knowing and knowledge, and it creates new ways of making meaning with the ocean. Their co-created films and theatre productions have been used as evidence in court cases and in national and international policy development. Her performance elicited three rounds of applause and a standing ovation. In addition, the Hub, Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance and the UNDOALOS co-hosted the following three in-person events on the 7-9 June 2024 in New York at Peace Boat office at 777 United Nations Plaza, in New York: 1. Theatre performance "Lalela Ulwandle" (Listen to the Sea) and a conversation on inclusive ocean governance, 7 June. The event enabled audience to experience multi-generational stories of evolving connections to the ocean from the perspectives of small-scale fishers, traditional healers, marine scientists and educators, and reflected on the importance of history, cultural heritage and different forms of knowledge for inclusive and integrated ocean governance. 2. International premiere of the animation "Indlela Yokuphila: The Soul's Journey" - When indigenous and scientific knowledge work in solidarity towards inclusive ocean decision making, 7 June 2023. The event explored the wonder of Indigenous knowledge on the role of the ocean in planetary ecological processes and areas of contact between Indigenous knowledge and ocean science. It addressed ways in which ocean researchers and decision-makers can work together with Indigenous and local knowledge holders. 3. Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa, 9 June 2023. The event explored a variety of art-based research approaches that support knowledge co-production on the ocean across different disciplines and cultures, and discussed how creative methods to better engage with, and protect the human rights of Indigenous and local knowledge holders within ocean governance could be adapted to collaborative projects and inclusion decision-making processes. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Education, Ghana • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in Global North: UNDOALOS, US The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in Global South: Conflict Research Network West Africa, Ghana; the Government of the Republic of Kiribati; and the Government of the Republic of Palau; • Research organisations based in Global North: Sciences Po, France; Grantham Research Institute, UK; Global Alliance of Universities on Climate, Switzerland • Partner organisations based in Global North: Peace Boat, US; Blue Planet Alliance, US; Oceanic Global, US; UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, Switzerland; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, France.
Collaborator Contribution Oceanic Global together with the UNDOALOS has been leading the development of the UN World Ocean Day programme since 2020. Oceanic Global has invited the One Ocean Hub to respond to global call for events and exhibitions and since 2022, Oceanic Global has approached the Hub directly to ask for nomination of speakers from the Hub. The 2023 theme for the UN World Oceans Day was 'Planet Ocean: Tides are Changing. Time to put the ocean first!', and Oceanic Global invited the Hub to nominate a speaker in relation to 'capacity building: a story demonstrating the importance of capacity-building in addressing ocean issues'. In addition, as part of the partnership under the FOWOD, Peace Boat and the Hub co-organised five events during the UN World Ocean Week in New York. Peace Boat is a Japan-based international NGO working to promote peace, human rights, and sustainability. Guided by the SDGs, each year Peace Boar organises three global voyages and two shorter Asian regional voyages. Both onboard and in-port, Peace Boat programmes engage youth through travel and education to explore the main aspects of Peace Boat's activities - peace, human rights, and sustainability. At the 2022 UN Ocean Conference, Peace Boat co-organised with the Hub, and the Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kiribati to the UN the event titled 'Scaling up Ocean Action with Empowerment of SIDS Youth, Awareness Raising and Citizenship Engagement', which was attended by 300 in-person participants and showcased the important role of youth in scaling up ocean action, in particular youth from Small Island Developing States (SIDS) on the front lines of the ocean crisis. Stocktaking successes and challenges since 2017, it also looked towards further developments and collaborations for empowerment and engagement of SIDS youth with the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. In addition, Peace Boat has approached the Hub to discuss participating in their cruise programme (https://pbcruise.com/cruise/115). This would be part of a programme that Peace Boat launched at the first (2017) UN Ocean Conference - the Ocean and Climate Youth Ambassador Programme in collaboration with the Alliance of Small Island Developing States (AOSIS) for youth leaders from states on the front line of climate change and marine degradation. They have since regularly travelled onboard Peace Boat's ship to engage in capacity building and awareness raising through public engagement, meeting with government and civil society representatives. The programme has been carried out through partnerships with national governments, academia, and civil society organisations to promote the implementation of SDG14. Each time, participants with diverse backgrounds in science, public policy, the arts, grassroots, and international activism shared their skills and experiences, as well as the diverse situations in their own countries. They visited ports in Europe and concluded in New York with events in collaboration with UN partners at the United Nations Headquarters including during UN World Oceans Day. To celebrate the beginning of the 2022 UN Ocean Conference, Peace Boat in partnership with the One Ocean Hub, Blue Planet Alliance, Earth X, United by the Sea, Proteus Ocean Group, Water X, and Solgaard also co-organised a High-Level Reception on the WaterX Yacht. The event gathered 100 high-level attendees, including government officials, representatives of regional and international organisations, NGOs, and youth representatives. The success of this initiative led to further collaboration between the One Ocean Hub, Peace Boat, Oceanic Global, Blue Planet Alliance, and Extreme Hangout to co-organise the Ocean Innovation Partnership Dinner on 11 November 2022 at the UN Climate COP27 in Egypt. The event highlighted ocean innovation for climate action, including representatives from sustainable businesses, the United Nations, NGOs, civil society, artists, musicians, and youth who are making a positive impact for our climate. Together we are exploring opportunities to build our networks, mainstream the role of ocean in climate action and finance, and create lasting change for people and the planet for future UN Climate COPs and other international processes. Oceanic Global is an international NGO that sheds light on humanity's essential relationship to the ocean and empowers individuals, communities, and industries to create positive change. Oceanic Global works closely with youths and creates educational experiences, consults on sustainable operations, as well as engages local communities to generate measurable impact for collective wellbeing. Drawing from our close collaboration as part of the FOWOD, the Hub and Oceanic Global have collaborated closely at the UN Climate COP27. Oceanic Global led the Ocean X Climate Summit that the Hub contributed to. The event immersed global stakeholders in the importance and potential of the ocean within the climate change narrative, and to support more stakeholder action for the ocean and all it sustains. The Ocean X Climate Summit was organized in partnership with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO and the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. As part of the Summit, the Hub Deputy Director, Dr Bernadette Snow, contributed to the 'Roundtable: Creating a Common Agenda for our Shared Ocean'. Dr Snow's intervention highlighted the importance of the inclusion of different stakeholders including Indigenous Peoples, local communities, young and people and children and different knowledge systems to enhance the visibility and place of the ocean-climate nexus in international convenings and in national action. The Hub also facilitated video remarks by Camilla Awo Dzidzor, a representative of children from Keta Municipality in Ghana, that was screened before a panel discussion on 'Building Resilience: Localized Action Against a Changing Climate' at the Summit. Dzidzor's video remarks (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU) highlighted the direct impacts of climate change on children's rights to a healthy environment, health, and education, and the need for children's participation in decision making around ocean and climate change. Dzidzor's intervention at the Summit was made possible through support provided by Hub researchers in Ghana including Dr Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast), Dr Harrison Golo (University of Education, Ghana) and Dr Ibrahim Sulley (Conflict Research Network West Africa - Ghana Office). Both Oceanic Global and Peace Boat were also involved in co-organising the Hub-led event 'Advancing human rights standards in nature-based solutions: lessons from land to sea for the Children and Youth Pavilion at COP27 Blue Zone, Egypt on 16 November 2022. At the event children from South Africa, Ghana, Greenland, and Samoa, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, David Boyd, and experts from the One Ocean Hub, Sciences Po, and Grantham Research Institute, LSE spoke about what they deemed as the most important priorities to address the challenges posed by climate change, why leadership and empowerment of young people are so important for tackling these challenges, and explored approaches needed to ensure protection of human rights. Representatives of youth and organisations that work closely with youth such as Oceanic Global, Peace Boat, Sustainable Ocean Alliance, and Global Youth Biodiversity Network shared their experiences of youth climate advocacy work and the major challenges to youth climate action. They stressed that: • It is important for policy makers not only to hear youth's views, but also to integrate them into governance; • the difficulties to gain accreditation, the economic costs of participation, and the lack of technical assistance and capacity-building for youth to engage effectively as observers or negotiators hinder youth to participate in decision making process, such as COP27. Decision makers need to understand barriers that youth face to improve participation of youth in key ocean-climate decision making spaces. • Youth are fighting to reverse the impacts of climate change and to mainstream rights-based approaches, to ensure that children and youth vulnerabilities to climate change are recognised. • It is important to fund research in the Global South, particularly research carried out by young researchers to inform future climate change action. • Fighting for climate justice and equity is an intergenerational effort: it is critical to acknowledge existing work and ancient wisdom while uplifting and empowering the next generation. In 2023 the Hub, Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance Oceanic Global and the UNDOALOS co-hosted five in-person events on 7-9 June 2023 to celebrate the UN World Oceans Week in New York. These events built upon the success of the Empatheatre live-performance events at Climate COP27 in Sharm-El-Sheikh (November 2022), the Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in Rome (March 2023) as well as the insights arising from the Hub's workshop on arts-based research approaches to protect the human rights of small-scale fisheries in Rome (March 2023) (More information here https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-performance-lalela-ulwandle-sparked-conversation-around-ocean-governance-during-un-celebrations-of-world-oceans-week/ and here: https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf). The Hub's participation in the 2023 UN World Oceans Week has strengthened the Hub's contributions to UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, and prepared the way towards further contributions at the Small-Scale Fisheries Summit in July 2024, and the preparation for the third UN Ocean Conference 2025. Three events were co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with Peace Boat, an official UN Ocean Decade partner that focuses on youth empowerment. These events linked the Hub research and engagement activities on intersection of art, ocean culture and heritage with one of the goals of Ocean Decade 'An inspiring and engaging ocean where society understands and values the ocean in relation to human wellbeing and sustainable development'. It is expected that the Hub will be working more closely with Peace Boat in 2024 following the official appointment of the Hub as a UN Decade Implementing Partner focusing on transdiciplinarity in October 2023 (https://oneoceanhub.org/our-endorsement-as-implementing-partner-of-the-un-ocean-decade/). The two art events we co-organised with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance, Oceanic Global and the UNDOALOS for the UN World Oceans Week were a 'Theatre performance "Lalela Ulwandle" (Listen to the Sea) and a conversation on inclusive ocean governance' on 7 June 2023 and the 'International premiere of the animation "Indlela Yokuphila: The Soul's Journey" - When indigenous and scientific knowledge work in solidarity towards inclusive ocean decision making' on 7 June 2023 helped to draw members of the Friends of the World Oceans Day's attention to the Hub (https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-short-film-indlela-yokuphila-the-souls-journey-at-the-united-nations-world-ocean-week/). In the run up to the UN World Ocean Day, the password-protected film of "Indlela Yokuphila" was shared by the Hub Support Team in February 2023 with the three organisations who led the Friends of the World Oceans Day working group: the UNDOALOS, Oceanic Global, and Peace Boat. This has led to the invitation to the Empatheatre team member, Mpume Mthombeni, to be one of the spotlight speakers at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration at the UN Headquarters in New York on 8 June 2023. Like the two previous side-events, the third event 'Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa' on 9 June 2023 has successively brought local perspectives into international conversations that is deemed rare at international events. Mpume Mthombeni, an artist and a traditional healer from South Africa, participated directly as a panellist in this event and the other two side-events co-organised with Peace Boat and the Blue Planet Alliance (https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/). Mpume Mthombeni's invited performance and spotlight talk at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration on 8 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs" was facilitated by the UNDOALOS, Oceanic Global and Peace Boat. It highlighted the importance to engage traditional knowledge and traditional knowledge holders in a respectful manner. Mpume was the only speaker who received three rounds of applause and standing ovation at the event (Full event recording is available here: https://unworldoceansday.org; Individual segment of Mpume Mthombeni performance is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2-uSE26tnU). The 2023 UN World Ocean Day was attended by 350+ in-person attendees at the UN Headquarters, 102,000 online viewers, reaching 110 UN member states and 380 different organisations (https://drive.google.com/file/d/1N0oI_O_H3hnvG4EKLmCxSEP25-mMMxwK/view). In December 2023, the UNDOALOS, Oceanic Global, and Peace Boat have extended another invitation to the Hub to nominate a speaker for the 2024 UN World Oceans Day celebration at the UN Headquarters, New York. The collaboration titled "Building alliances on ocean, climate and youth" has demonstrable policy and public services impacts as it has raised awareness and built a network of civil society organisations, academic, governments and UN bodies to advance children and young people's human rights to a healthy ocean at various international processes including the UN World Oceans Day from 2020 to 2023, the UN Ocean Conference in 2022, and Climate COP27 in Egypt. This collaboration also delivered societal impacts by providing capacity building to 104,787 government officials, civil society, representatives of regional and international organisations, businesses, children and youth activists, academics and students on the interlinkages between ocean, climate change and human rights through the co-organisation of a total of 28 online, in-person and hybrid events. The collaboration has also mainstreamed gender equality. For events where the Hub had been able to collect information about attendees' gender, the findings showed that over 50 per cent of attendees were women. This confirms the interest of women in discussion around ocean governance and calls for the need for increase of capacity building for women in this area.
Impact List of 23 side-events that the One Ocean Hub has co-organised and hosted for the UN World Ocean Day as part of the FOWOD community. These events were attended by 104,187 participants including government officials, representatives of civil society, regional and international organisations, researchers and students. For detailed information see the collaboration entry titled "Strengthening capacity in international ocean governance": • Art for the Ocean, 11 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3X07HXs • Blue Economy: Global Trends, Local Challenges, and International Investment, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3RmTjqW • Breaking Laws on the Sea, 12 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3l1YtfT • Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation, 11 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3wMyYSw • Indlela yokuphila (the path of life), 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3qr7Mpf • Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea), 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3KSS1Qj • Marine Plastics: Online Discussion, 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3HhMceY • Marine Science-Policy Interface Roundtable, 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3RlvqQJ • Navigating Ocean Literacy and Sustainability in the Classroom, 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: https://bit.ly/3YdrgfR • Studying the Sea - Accessing Ocean Research Careers, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3DwmMJm • Transdisciplinary Research to the Rescue!, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3Ygea1G • Wonders of the Deep, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3kY8ieY • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU • Intangible Cultural Ocean Heritage and Participatory Research Methods, 8 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/CTzCTnQNoD4 • Canoe Culture and Heritage Ghana, 9 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/tdWFQ9Znank • Inclusive Ocean Conservation: Innovations in Marine Spatial Planning, 10 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/mP4LU8_4KK8 • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6 • Blue Heritage: The Role of Ocean Art and Culture in Ocean Science and Management, 7 June 2022. Recording available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGYDqEuAdj0 • Theatre performance "Lalela Ulwandle" (Listen to the Sea) and a conversation on inclusive ocean governance, 7 June 2023 at 777 United Nations Plaza, 2nd Floor Conference Room, New York. • International premiere of the animation "Indlela Yokuphila: The Soul's Journey" - When indigenous and scientific knowledge work in solidarity towards inclusive ocean decision making, 7 June 2023 at 777 United Nations Plaza, 2nd Floor Conference Room, New York. • Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa, 9 June 2023 at 777 United Nations Plaza, 2nd Floor Conference Room, New York. • One Ocean Hub and UN-Nippon Fellows meeting 'Prototyping integrated and inclusive ocean governance through art- and human rights-based research', 9 June 2023, at the UN Headquarters, New York. The Hub partnered with Peace Boat at the UN Ocean Conference in Lisbon, Portugal in the following events: 1. Scaling up Ocean Action with Empowerment of SIDS Youth, Awareness Raising and Citizenship Engagement (led by Peace Boat), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). See here: https://peaceboat.org/english/news/un-ocean-conference_sideevent. The event was attended by 250 participants. 2. Sunset Reception Onboard: High-Level Event for Ocean and Climate Action (in partnership with Peace Boat and Blue Planet Alliance), 27 June 2022 Venue: WaterX - Powering Nautical Events, Doca Alcântara. See here: https://bit.ly/UNOcean-Reception-June27. The event was attended by 100 high-level attendees including government officials, representatives of regional and international organisations, NGOs, and youth representatives. List of collaborative side-events with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global at COP27 1. Roundtable: Centering the Ocean on the Agenda at the Ocean x Climate Summit (led by Oceanic Global) 11th November 2022, Park Regency Sharm El Sheikh Resort 58 Gardens Bay Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt. More information here: https://oceanic.global/projects/cop-27-the-ocean-x-climate-summit/. The event was attended by 50 attendees. 2. Ocean Innovation Partnership Dinner (co-organised with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance, Extreme Hangout and Oceanic Global) 11th November 2022, EXTREME Hangout, the Lawn, Park Regency Hotel, Sharm El Sheikh. More information here: https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/ocean-innovation-partnership-dinner-tickets-461929372187 and here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/98fsliln6dckk2lgai7lq246hn. The event was attended by 100 attendees. 3. A video of remarks by Camilla Awo Dzidzor, a representative of children from Keta Municipality in Ghana was screened before a panel discussion on "Building Resilience: Localized Action Against a Changing Climate" at the Ocean x Climate Summit organised by Oceanic Global on 11th November 2022 at Park Regency Sharm El Sheikh Resort. For more information see here: https://oceanic.global/projects/cop-27-the-ocean-x-climate-summit/ and here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU. The event was attended by 100 attendees. Mpume Mthombeni's performance at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration, 9 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs" at the UN Headquarters, New York in national and international policy development. Recording available from here: https://unworldoceansday.org and here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2-uSE26tnU. Blogposts Febrica S and Snow B. (2022). "Sailing to the climate COP27."Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/sailing-to-the-climate-cop27/. Febrica S. (2022). "Advancing children's rights through nature-based solutions". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-childrens-rights-through-nature-based-solutions/. Febrica S. (2022). "Contributing to defining the 2022 UN Ocean Conference Interactive Dialogue." https://oneoceanhub.org/contributing-to-defining-the-2022-un-ocean-conference-interactive-dialogues/. Morgera E. (2022). "Reflecting on the UN Ocean Conference and the need to scale up ocean action for the transformative ocean governance we all need." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-the-un-ocean-conference-and-the-need-to-scale-up-ocean-action-for-the-transformative-ocean-governance-we-all-need/. Mthombeni M. (2023). "I took my ancestors to the United Nations and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Empatheatre short film 'Indlela Yokuphila: the Soul's Journey' at the United Nations World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-short-film-indlela-yokuphila-the-souls-journey-at-the-united-nations-world-ocean-week/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Empatheatre performance 'Lalela Ulwandle' sparked conversation around ocean governance during UN celebrations of World Oceans Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-performance-lalela-ulwandle-sparked-conversation-around-ocean-governance-during-un-celebrations-of-world-oceans-week/. Peer-reviewed article Morgera E and Lennan M. (2022). "Strengthening Intergenerational Equity at the Ocean-Climate Nexus: Reflections on the UNCRC General Comment No.26." Environmental Policy and Law. DOI 10.3233/EPL-219052. Available from here: https://content.iospress.com/articles/environmental-policy-and-law/epl219052. Open access article is available here: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4284824. Chapter 2: When ancestors are included in ocean and decision-making Publication authored by D McGarry (2023) in Hydrofeminist Thinking with Oceans Political and Scholarly Possibilities. Edited By Tamara Shefer, Vivienne Bozalek, Nike Romano. Routledge. Available from here: https://www.routledge.com/Hydrofeminist-Thinking-With-Oceans-Political-and-Scholarly-Possibilities/Shefer-Bozalek-Romano/p/book/9781032408996. Chapter 12: Grandmothers of the sea: Stories and lessons from five Xhosa ocean elders Publication authored by B Francis and D McGarry (2023) in Hydrofeminist Thinking With Oceans Political and Scholarly Possibilities Edited By Tamara Shefer, Vivienne Bozalek, Nike Romano. Routledge. Available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/grandmothers-of-the-sea-stories-and-lessons-from-five-xhosa-ocean-elders/
Start Year 2020
 
Description Building alliances on ocean, climate and youth 
Organisation University of Education, Winneba
Country Ghana 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Collaboration with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global began in June 2020 through the Friends of the United Nations World Ocean Day (FOWOD) working group. The FOWOD is chaired by Peace Boat and co-led by the United Nations Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (UNDOALOS) and the Oceanic Global. It is an informal community of individuals and organisations active in the field of ocean affairs to support the marking of United Nations World Oceans Day, 8 June, and related activities. This year is the fifth year running that the One Ocean Hub has been the FOWOD. To date, the Hub has co-organised and hosted 23 unique events through the UN World Ocean Day 2020-2023, which are listed below. These events were organised with representation from across all Hub focus countries. Collaboration with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global through FOWOD led to closer collaboration with Peace Boat on youth empowerment and ocean-climate action at 2022 UN Ocean Conference in Portugal and Climate COP27 in Egypt. During the UN Ocean Conference, the One Ocean Hub engaged with Peace Boat and other partners on the following key messages: • Inclusive ocean knowledge co-production supports the development of fair and sustainable blue economies. • The Sustainable Development Goals can only be achieved if human rights are mainstreamed in ocean science and policy. • The latest understanding of deep-sea ecosystems, and their benefits to humanity, must be considered in decisions that can impact the ocean. • The arts provide a space for transformative dialogue about blue economies that respond to the human rights of indigenous peoples and small-scale fishers, including women and children. The Hub contributed to and co-hosted ten in-person, virtual, and hybrid events on 27 June - 1 July 2022. Two of these in-person events were led by Peace Boat on 27 June 2022: 'Scaling up Ocean Action with Empowerment of SIDS Youth, Awareness Raising and Citizenship Engagement (https://peaceboat.org/english/news/un-ocean-conference_sideevent) and Sunset Reception Onboard: High-Level Event for Ocean and Climate Action (in partnership with Blue Planet Alliance). The 'Scaling up Ocean Action' event was co-organised by the Republic of Kiribati and Peace Boat with the Government of the Republic of Palau, Oceanic Global, One Ocean Hub, Ciencia Viva, Sustainable Ocean Alliance, Fabien Cousteau Ocean Learning Center, Proteus Group, United by the Sea, and the Blue Planet Alliance. The event explored the connection amongst partner organisations working towards education for the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, as well as the importance of innovation for the ocean, and youth empowerment for the future generation of ocean leaders. The Hub was represented by Dr Bernadette Snow, Deputy Director of One Ocean Hub, who shared the Hub's research findings and experience in empowering children and young people. The 'High-Level Event for Ocean and Climate Action' aimed to expand networks of leaders in ocean space. The Hub further collaborated with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global at the UN Climate COP27 (Sharm el-Sheikh, 6-18 November 2022) to advance Children's Environmental Rights Initiative key messages: 1. Ocean-based action need to specifically consider children rights, including the assessment of blue carbon initiative, adaptation and loss and damage. 2. We need we need guidelines on fisheries as part of ocean-based adaptation approaches to strengthen resilience, prevent damage and protect children's rights 3. Ocean-climate action must limit the impacts of ocean acidification on children's rights. The Hub contributed to the Roundtable "Centering the Ocean on the Agenda at the Ocean x Climate Summit" led by Oceanic Global on 11 November 2022 and together with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance, Extreme Hangout and Oceanic Global co-organised Ocean Innovation Partnership Dinner (co-organised) on the same day. The Hub together with Mara Ghilan, a youth representative from the Global Alliance of Universities on Climate, Peace Boat and Oceanic Global also co-organised a side-event 'Advancing human rights standards in nature-based solutions: lessons from land to sea' on 16 November 2022 at the first-ever Children and Youth Pavilion at UN Climate COP Blue Zone. This Hub-led event brought together children and youth representatives, organisations that work closely with youth, experts, and the UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, Dr David Boyd. The event focused on biodiversity finance and the ocean-climate-human rights nexus. It provided a platform to hear young voices on nature-based solutions for climate change mitigation and adaptation and enable inter-generational learning on human rights and climate finance. The event explored what lessons can be learned from nature-based solutions in promoting and protecting children's and youth human rights, as attention on ocean-based climate action grows. It was designed to clarify how we can respect human rights standards in ocean-based climate solutions, by learning lessons from land-based climate action. During the 2023 UN World Oceans Week, the Hub was invited to contribute to the UN-led celebrations of World Ocean Day. Mpume Mthombeni delivered a performance and spotlight talk at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration, 9 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs" at the UN Headquarters, New York. Mpume Mthombeni is an actress, writer and director from South Africa, and a Hub researcher. She is a Sangoma or traditional healer who heals not with traditional medicine (umuthi) but rather with words and stories. She is the co-director of Empatheatre, a theatre collective that creates public-storytelling processes in which people across different power and agency can engage with decision making in embodied and contextual ways. Mpume shared how storytelling, and story-listening dissolves the barriers and disconnections between disciplines and departments, sculpts new evidence, new ways of valuing knowing and knowledge, and it creates new ways of making meaning with the ocean. Their co-created films and theatre productions have been used as evidence in court cases and in national and international policy development. Her performance elicited three rounds of applause and a standing ovation. In addition, the Hub, Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance and the UNDOALOS co-hosted the following three in-person events on the 7-9 June 2024 in New York at Peace Boat office at 777 United Nations Plaza, in New York: 1. Theatre performance "Lalela Ulwandle" (Listen to the Sea) and a conversation on inclusive ocean governance, 7 June. The event enabled audience to experience multi-generational stories of evolving connections to the ocean from the perspectives of small-scale fishers, traditional healers, marine scientists and educators, and reflected on the importance of history, cultural heritage and different forms of knowledge for inclusive and integrated ocean governance. 2. International premiere of the animation "Indlela Yokuphila: The Soul's Journey" - When indigenous and scientific knowledge work in solidarity towards inclusive ocean decision making, 7 June 2023. The event explored the wonder of Indigenous knowledge on the role of the ocean in planetary ecological processes and areas of contact between Indigenous knowledge and ocean science. It addressed ways in which ocean researchers and decision-makers can work together with Indigenous and local knowledge holders. 3. Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa, 9 June 2023. The event explored a variety of art-based research approaches that support knowledge co-production on the ocean across different disciplines and cultures, and discussed how creative methods to better engage with, and protect the human rights of Indigenous and local knowledge holders within ocean governance could be adapted to collaborative projects and inclusion decision-making processes. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Education, Ghana • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in Global North: UNDOALOS, US The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in Global South: Conflict Research Network West Africa, Ghana; the Government of the Republic of Kiribati; and the Government of the Republic of Palau; • Research organisations based in Global North: Sciences Po, France; Grantham Research Institute, UK; Global Alliance of Universities on Climate, Switzerland • Partner organisations based in Global North: Peace Boat, US; Blue Planet Alliance, US; Oceanic Global, US; UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, Switzerland; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, France.
Collaborator Contribution Oceanic Global together with the UNDOALOS has been leading the development of the UN World Ocean Day programme since 2020. Oceanic Global has invited the One Ocean Hub to respond to global call for events and exhibitions and since 2022, Oceanic Global has approached the Hub directly to ask for nomination of speakers from the Hub. The 2023 theme for the UN World Oceans Day was 'Planet Ocean: Tides are Changing. Time to put the ocean first!', and Oceanic Global invited the Hub to nominate a speaker in relation to 'capacity building: a story demonstrating the importance of capacity-building in addressing ocean issues'. In addition, as part of the partnership under the FOWOD, Peace Boat and the Hub co-organised five events during the UN World Ocean Week in New York. Peace Boat is a Japan-based international NGO working to promote peace, human rights, and sustainability. Guided by the SDGs, each year Peace Boar organises three global voyages and two shorter Asian regional voyages. Both onboard and in-port, Peace Boat programmes engage youth through travel and education to explore the main aspects of Peace Boat's activities - peace, human rights, and sustainability. At the 2022 UN Ocean Conference, Peace Boat co-organised with the Hub, and the Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kiribati to the UN the event titled 'Scaling up Ocean Action with Empowerment of SIDS Youth, Awareness Raising and Citizenship Engagement', which was attended by 300 in-person participants and showcased the important role of youth in scaling up ocean action, in particular youth from Small Island Developing States (SIDS) on the front lines of the ocean crisis. Stocktaking successes and challenges since 2017, it also looked towards further developments and collaborations for empowerment and engagement of SIDS youth with the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. In addition, Peace Boat has approached the Hub to discuss participating in their cruise programme (https://pbcruise.com/cruise/115). This would be part of a programme that Peace Boat launched at the first (2017) UN Ocean Conference - the Ocean and Climate Youth Ambassador Programme in collaboration with the Alliance of Small Island Developing States (AOSIS) for youth leaders from states on the front line of climate change and marine degradation. They have since regularly travelled onboard Peace Boat's ship to engage in capacity building and awareness raising through public engagement, meeting with government and civil society representatives. The programme has been carried out through partnerships with national governments, academia, and civil society organisations to promote the implementation of SDG14. Each time, participants with diverse backgrounds in science, public policy, the arts, grassroots, and international activism shared their skills and experiences, as well as the diverse situations in their own countries. They visited ports in Europe and concluded in New York with events in collaboration with UN partners at the United Nations Headquarters including during UN World Oceans Day. To celebrate the beginning of the 2022 UN Ocean Conference, Peace Boat in partnership with the One Ocean Hub, Blue Planet Alliance, Earth X, United by the Sea, Proteus Ocean Group, Water X, and Solgaard also co-organised a High-Level Reception on the WaterX Yacht. The event gathered 100 high-level attendees, including government officials, representatives of regional and international organisations, NGOs, and youth representatives. The success of this initiative led to further collaboration between the One Ocean Hub, Peace Boat, Oceanic Global, Blue Planet Alliance, and Extreme Hangout to co-organise the Ocean Innovation Partnership Dinner on 11 November 2022 at the UN Climate COP27 in Egypt. The event highlighted ocean innovation for climate action, including representatives from sustainable businesses, the United Nations, NGOs, civil society, artists, musicians, and youth who are making a positive impact for our climate. Together we are exploring opportunities to build our networks, mainstream the role of ocean in climate action and finance, and create lasting change for people and the planet for future UN Climate COPs and other international processes. Oceanic Global is an international NGO that sheds light on humanity's essential relationship to the ocean and empowers individuals, communities, and industries to create positive change. Oceanic Global works closely with youths and creates educational experiences, consults on sustainable operations, as well as engages local communities to generate measurable impact for collective wellbeing. Drawing from our close collaboration as part of the FOWOD, the Hub and Oceanic Global have collaborated closely at the UN Climate COP27. Oceanic Global led the Ocean X Climate Summit that the Hub contributed to. The event immersed global stakeholders in the importance and potential of the ocean within the climate change narrative, and to support more stakeholder action for the ocean and all it sustains. The Ocean X Climate Summit was organized in partnership with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO and the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. As part of the Summit, the Hub Deputy Director, Dr Bernadette Snow, contributed to the 'Roundtable: Creating a Common Agenda for our Shared Ocean'. Dr Snow's intervention highlighted the importance of the inclusion of different stakeholders including Indigenous Peoples, local communities, young and people and children and different knowledge systems to enhance the visibility and place of the ocean-climate nexus in international convenings and in national action. The Hub also facilitated video remarks by Camilla Awo Dzidzor, a representative of children from Keta Municipality in Ghana, that was screened before a panel discussion on 'Building Resilience: Localized Action Against a Changing Climate' at the Summit. Dzidzor's video remarks (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU) highlighted the direct impacts of climate change on children's rights to a healthy environment, health, and education, and the need for children's participation in decision making around ocean and climate change. Dzidzor's intervention at the Summit was made possible through support provided by Hub researchers in Ghana including Dr Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast), Dr Harrison Golo (University of Education, Ghana) and Dr Ibrahim Sulley (Conflict Research Network West Africa - Ghana Office). Both Oceanic Global and Peace Boat were also involved in co-organising the Hub-led event 'Advancing human rights standards in nature-based solutions: lessons from land to sea for the Children and Youth Pavilion at COP27 Blue Zone, Egypt on 16 November 2022. At the event children from South Africa, Ghana, Greenland, and Samoa, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, David Boyd, and experts from the One Ocean Hub, Sciences Po, and Grantham Research Institute, LSE spoke about what they deemed as the most important priorities to address the challenges posed by climate change, why leadership and empowerment of young people are so important for tackling these challenges, and explored approaches needed to ensure protection of human rights. Representatives of youth and organisations that work closely with youth such as Oceanic Global, Peace Boat, Sustainable Ocean Alliance, and Global Youth Biodiversity Network shared their experiences of youth climate advocacy work and the major challenges to youth climate action. They stressed that: • It is important for policy makers not only to hear youth's views, but also to integrate them into governance; • the difficulties to gain accreditation, the economic costs of participation, and the lack of technical assistance and capacity-building for youth to engage effectively as observers or negotiators hinder youth to participate in decision making process, such as COP27. Decision makers need to understand barriers that youth face to improve participation of youth in key ocean-climate decision making spaces. • Youth are fighting to reverse the impacts of climate change and to mainstream rights-based approaches, to ensure that children and youth vulnerabilities to climate change are recognised. • It is important to fund research in the Global South, particularly research carried out by young researchers to inform future climate change action. • Fighting for climate justice and equity is an intergenerational effort: it is critical to acknowledge existing work and ancient wisdom while uplifting and empowering the next generation. In 2023 the Hub, Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance Oceanic Global and the UNDOALOS co-hosted five in-person events on 7-9 June 2023 to celebrate the UN World Oceans Week in New York. These events built upon the success of the Empatheatre live-performance events at Climate COP27 in Sharm-El-Sheikh (November 2022), the Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in Rome (March 2023) as well as the insights arising from the Hub's workshop on arts-based research approaches to protect the human rights of small-scale fisheries in Rome (March 2023) (More information here https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-performance-lalela-ulwandle-sparked-conversation-around-ocean-governance-during-un-celebrations-of-world-oceans-week/ and here: https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Impact-Story-Empatheatre-Lalela_12.10.23.pdf). The Hub's participation in the 2023 UN World Oceans Week has strengthened the Hub's contributions to UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, and prepared the way towards further contributions at the Small-Scale Fisheries Summit in July 2024, and the preparation for the third UN Ocean Conference 2025. Three events were co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with Peace Boat, an official UN Ocean Decade partner that focuses on youth empowerment. These events linked the Hub research and engagement activities on intersection of art, ocean culture and heritage with one of the goals of Ocean Decade 'An inspiring and engaging ocean where society understands and values the ocean in relation to human wellbeing and sustainable development'. It is expected that the Hub will be working more closely with Peace Boat in 2024 following the official appointment of the Hub as a UN Decade Implementing Partner focusing on transdiciplinarity in October 2023 (https://oneoceanhub.org/our-endorsement-as-implementing-partner-of-the-un-ocean-decade/). The two art events we co-organised with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance, Oceanic Global and the UNDOALOS for the UN World Oceans Week were a 'Theatre performance "Lalela Ulwandle" (Listen to the Sea) and a conversation on inclusive ocean governance' on 7 June 2023 and the 'International premiere of the animation "Indlela Yokuphila: The Soul's Journey" - When indigenous and scientific knowledge work in solidarity towards inclusive ocean decision making' on 7 June 2023 helped to draw members of the Friends of the World Oceans Day's attention to the Hub (https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-short-film-indlela-yokuphila-the-souls-journey-at-the-united-nations-world-ocean-week/). In the run up to the UN World Ocean Day, the password-protected film of "Indlela Yokuphila" was shared by the Hub Support Team in February 2023 with the three organisations who led the Friends of the World Oceans Day working group: the UNDOALOS, Oceanic Global, and Peace Boat. This has led to the invitation to the Empatheatre team member, Mpume Mthombeni, to be one of the spotlight speakers at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration at the UN Headquarters in New York on 8 June 2023. Like the two previous side-events, the third event 'Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa' on 9 June 2023 has successively brought local perspectives into international conversations that is deemed rare at international events. Mpume Mthombeni, an artist and a traditional healer from South Africa, participated directly as a panellist in this event and the other two side-events co-organised with Peace Boat and the Blue Planet Alliance (https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/). Mpume Mthombeni's invited performance and spotlight talk at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration on 8 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs" was facilitated by the UNDOALOS, Oceanic Global and Peace Boat. It highlighted the importance to engage traditional knowledge and traditional knowledge holders in a respectful manner. Mpume was the only speaker who received three rounds of applause and standing ovation at the event (Full event recording is available here: https://unworldoceansday.org; Individual segment of Mpume Mthombeni performance is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2-uSE26tnU). The 2023 UN World Ocean Day was attended by 350+ in-person attendees at the UN Headquarters, 102,000 online viewers, reaching 110 UN member states and 380 different organisations (https://drive.google.com/file/d/1N0oI_O_H3hnvG4EKLmCxSEP25-mMMxwK/view). In December 2023, the UNDOALOS, Oceanic Global, and Peace Boat have extended another invitation to the Hub to nominate a speaker for the 2024 UN World Oceans Day celebration at the UN Headquarters, New York. The collaboration titled "Building alliances on ocean, climate and youth" has demonstrable policy and public services impacts as it has raised awareness and built a network of civil society organisations, academic, governments and UN bodies to advance children and young people's human rights to a healthy ocean at various international processes including the UN World Oceans Day from 2020 to 2023, the UN Ocean Conference in 2022, and Climate COP27 in Egypt. This collaboration also delivered societal impacts by providing capacity building to 104,787 government officials, civil society, representatives of regional and international organisations, businesses, children and youth activists, academics and students on the interlinkages between ocean, climate change and human rights through the co-organisation of a total of 28 online, in-person and hybrid events. The collaboration has also mainstreamed gender equality. For events where the Hub had been able to collect information about attendees' gender, the findings showed that over 50 per cent of attendees were women. This confirms the interest of women in discussion around ocean governance and calls for the need for increase of capacity building for women in this area.
Impact List of 23 side-events that the One Ocean Hub has co-organised and hosted for the UN World Ocean Day as part of the FOWOD community. These events were attended by 104,187 participants including government officials, representatives of civil society, regional and international organisations, researchers and students. For detailed information see the collaboration entry titled "Strengthening capacity in international ocean governance": • Art for the Ocean, 11 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3X07HXs • Blue Economy: Global Trends, Local Challenges, and International Investment, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3RmTjqW • Breaking Laws on the Sea, 12 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3l1YtfT • Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation, 11 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3wMyYSw • Indlela yokuphila (the path of life), 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3qr7Mpf • Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea), 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3KSS1Qj • Marine Plastics: Online Discussion, 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3HhMceY • Marine Science-Policy Interface Roundtable, 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3RlvqQJ • Navigating Ocean Literacy and Sustainability in the Classroom, 9 June 2020. Recording available from here: https://bit.ly/3YdrgfR • Studying the Sea - Accessing Ocean Research Careers, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3DwmMJm • Transdisciplinary Research to the Rescue!, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3Ygea1G • Wonders of the Deep, 10 June 2020. Recording available from here: bit.ly/3kY8ieY • Small-Scale Fishers and Ocean Well-Being: Vital Partners in Enhancing Biocultural Diversity, Human Rights, and Sustainable Livelihoods, 7 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/S5yOIh-4ZpU • Intangible Cultural Ocean Heritage and Participatory Research Methods, 8 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/CTzCTnQNoD4 • Canoe Culture and Heritage Ghana, 9 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/tdWFQ9Znank • Inclusive Ocean Conservation: Innovations in Marine Spatial Planning, 10 June 2021. Recording available from here: https://youtu.be/mP4LU8_4KK8 • High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6 • Blue Heritage: The Role of Ocean Art and Culture in Ocean Science and Management, 7 June 2022. Recording available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGYDqEuAdj0 • Theatre performance "Lalela Ulwandle" (Listen to the Sea) and a conversation on inclusive ocean governance, 7 June 2023 at 777 United Nations Plaza, 2nd Floor Conference Room, New York. • International premiere of the animation "Indlela Yokuphila: The Soul's Journey" - When indigenous and scientific knowledge work in solidarity towards inclusive ocean decision making, 7 June 2023 at 777 United Nations Plaza, 2nd Floor Conference Room, New York. • Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa, 9 June 2023 at 777 United Nations Plaza, 2nd Floor Conference Room, New York. • One Ocean Hub and UN-Nippon Fellows meeting 'Prototyping integrated and inclusive ocean governance through art- and human rights-based research', 9 June 2023, at the UN Headquarters, New York. The Hub partnered with Peace Boat at the UN Ocean Conference in Lisbon, Portugal in the following events: 1. Scaling up Ocean Action with Empowerment of SIDS Youth, Awareness Raising and Citizenship Engagement (led by Peace Boat), 27 June 2022. Side event room 1 (Altice Arena). See here: https://peaceboat.org/english/news/un-ocean-conference_sideevent. The event was attended by 250 participants. 2. Sunset Reception Onboard: High-Level Event for Ocean and Climate Action (in partnership with Peace Boat and Blue Planet Alliance), 27 June 2022 Venue: WaterX - Powering Nautical Events, Doca Alcântara. See here: https://bit.ly/UNOcean-Reception-June27. The event was attended by 100 high-level attendees including government officials, representatives of regional and international organisations, NGOs, and youth representatives. List of collaborative side-events with Peace Boat and Oceanic Global at COP27 1. Roundtable: Centering the Ocean on the Agenda at the Ocean x Climate Summit (led by Oceanic Global) 11th November 2022, Park Regency Sharm El Sheikh Resort 58 Gardens Bay Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt. More information here: https://oceanic.global/projects/cop-27-the-ocean-x-climate-summit/. The event was attended by 50 attendees. 2. Ocean Innovation Partnership Dinner (co-organised with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance, Extreme Hangout and Oceanic Global) 11th November 2022, EXTREME Hangout, the Lawn, Park Regency Hotel, Sharm El Sheikh. More information here: https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/ocean-innovation-partnership-dinner-tickets-461929372187 and here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/98fsliln6dckk2lgai7lq246hn. The event was attended by 100 attendees. 3. A video of remarks by Camilla Awo Dzidzor, a representative of children from Keta Municipality in Ghana was screened before a panel discussion on "Building Resilience: Localized Action Against a Changing Climate" at the Ocean x Climate Summit organised by Oceanic Global on 11th November 2022 at Park Regency Sharm El Sheikh Resort. For more information see here: https://oceanic.global/projects/cop-27-the-ocean-x-climate-summit/ and here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pXnMY-jQcU. The event was attended by 100 attendees. Mpume Mthombeni's performance at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration, 9 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs" at the UN Headquarters, New York in national and international policy development. Recording available from here: https://unworldoceansday.org and here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2-uSE26tnU. Blogposts Febrica S and Snow B. (2022). "Sailing to the climate COP27."Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/sailing-to-the-climate-cop27/. Febrica S. (2022). "Advancing children's rights through nature-based solutions". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-childrens-rights-through-nature-based-solutions/. Febrica S. (2022). "Contributing to defining the 2022 UN Ocean Conference Interactive Dialogue." https://oneoceanhub.org/contributing-to-defining-the-2022-un-ocean-conference-interactive-dialogues/. Morgera E. (2022). "Reflecting on the UN Ocean Conference and the need to scale up ocean action for the transformative ocean governance we all need." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-the-un-ocean-conference-and-the-need-to-scale-up-ocean-action-for-the-transformative-ocean-governance-we-all-need/. Mthombeni M. (2023). "I took my ancestors to the United Nations and shared why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Empatheatre short film 'Indlela Yokuphila: the Soul's Journey' at the United Nations World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-short-film-indlela-yokuphila-the-souls-journey-at-the-united-nations-world-ocean-week/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Empatheatre performance 'Lalela Ulwandle' sparked conversation around ocean governance during UN celebrations of World Oceans Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-performance-lalela-ulwandle-sparked-conversation-around-ocean-governance-during-un-celebrations-of-world-oceans-week/. Peer-reviewed article Morgera E and Lennan M. (2022). "Strengthening Intergenerational Equity at the Ocean-Climate Nexus: Reflections on the UNCRC General Comment No.26." Environmental Policy and Law. DOI 10.3233/EPL-219052. Available from here: https://content.iospress.com/articles/environmental-policy-and-law/epl219052. Open access article is available here: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4284824. Chapter 2: When ancestors are included in ocean and decision-making Publication authored by D McGarry (2023) in Hydrofeminist Thinking with Oceans Political and Scholarly Possibilities. Edited By Tamara Shefer, Vivienne Bozalek, Nike Romano. Routledge. Available from here: https://www.routledge.com/Hydrofeminist-Thinking-With-Oceans-Political-and-Scholarly-Possibilities/Shefer-Bozalek-Romano/p/book/9781032408996. Chapter 12: Grandmothers of the sea: Stories and lessons from five Xhosa ocean elders Publication authored by B Francis and D McGarry (2023) in Hydrofeminist Thinking With Oceans Political and Scholarly Possibilities Edited By Tamara Shefer, Vivienne Bozalek, Nike Romano. Routledge. Available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/grandmothers-of-the-sea-stories-and-lessons-from-five-xhosa-ocean-elders/
Start Year 2020
 
Description Building blue capacity across the globe 
Organisation Commonwealth of Learning (COL)
Country Canada 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution One Ocean Hub project partner, the University of Seychelles, led the development and facilitation of four massive open online courses (MOOC) on the blue economy. The courses are being offered by Blue Economy Research Institute - University of Seychelles in collaboration with the Commonwealth of Learning. The MOOCs were developed by the University of Seychelles working with researchers from across the Hub network in conceptualizing parts of the course, developing and delivering modules. The University of Seychelles and the Commonwealth of Learning developed the overall concept and content outline and Hub researchers provided technical content collation and delivery. In total 15 Hub researchers contributed to develop a four-part Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) series on the Blue Economy, attracting around ~1500 participants (~46% women), from various continents and island nations. the online format was designed to enable inclusivity, operating across time zones and caring commitments. The series was run from Jun 2020 to April 2021, reaching over ~1500 participants in over ~70 countries globally. On average ~98% of post-course survey respondents indicated they would recommend the MOOC to colleagues. Courses have drawn on expertise from across all Hub regions and disciplines: Dr Holly Niner, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. (Teaching Assistant for the MOOC). OOH Knowledge Exchange Fellow Prof Kerry Howell, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Co-Director Dr Kirsty McQuaid, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Post Doctoral Researcher Prof Martin Attril, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Researcher Prof Mathew Upton, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Researcher. Dr Dylan McGarry, Rhodes University, South Africa. Environmental Learning Research Centre. OOH Co-Director Dr Alex Winkler, Rhodes University, South Africa. Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science. OOH Researcher Prof Pierre-Jean Bordahandy, the University of South Pacific. OOH Researcher Prof Rose Boswell, Nelson Mandela University, Research Chair in Ocean Cultures and Heritage. OOH Researcher Dr Bernadette Snow, University of Strathclyde, OOH Deputy Director Mia Strand, Nelson Mandela University. Department of Development Studies. OOH PhD Student Dr Daniela Diz, Heriot Watt University, School of Energy and Geoscience. OOH Researcher Prof Elisa Morgera, University of Strathclyde. OOH Director and PI Mrs Kelly Hoareau, Blue Economy Research Institute, Seychelles (former Director). OOH Researcher. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. The following organisations are Hub's partners since the proposal stage: - Research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; the University of South Pacific, Fiji and the University of Seychelles, Seychelles - Research partners in the Global North: University of Plymouth, UK and the University of Strathclyde, UK. The collaboration "Building blue capacity across the globe" has brought new partnership between the Hub with the Commonwealth of Learning, UK
Collaborator Contribution The Commonwealth of Learning empowers people through learning that leads to economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental conservation. The Commonwealth of Learning (COL) is an intergovernmental organisation created by Commonwealth Heads of Government in 1987 to promote the development and sharing of open learning and distance education knowledge, resources and technologies. COL's greatest impact is in supporting efforts to provide Commonwealth citizens greater access to quality education and training through open, distance and technology-enabled learning, thereby allowing them to benefit from improved livelihoods, greater gender equity and overall economic, social and cultural development leading to sustainable development. The COL hosts a MOOC platform that provides a good learning experience at low bandwidth and offline where necessary. The COL partnered with University of Seychelles on the development of a MOOC series composed of four parts: • MOOC1: The Blue Economy: Sustainability, innovation and our ocean (Jun 2020) • MOOC2: The Blue Economy: Creating an Enabling Environment (Aug 2020) • MOOC3: The Blue Economy: Blue Resources (Jan 2021) • MOOC4: The Blue Economy: Blue Space (March 2021) This MOOCs introduced key blue economy sectors that can be developed, for example, Fisheries, Aquaculture, Marine Renewable Energy, Seabed Mining and Marine Biotechnology. The course also explores some of the key considerations that influence the sustainability of individual sectors and blue economy strategies as a whole, such as gender equality and human rights. The course is hosted on the COL MOOCs for Development Website, and facilitated via the Commonwealth of Learning. Relevant links: https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy1 https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy2 https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy3 https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy4 The collaboration "Building blue capacity across the globe" has brought societal impact. "The Blue Economy: Sustainability Innovation and Our Ocean" MOOC was updated and held for a second time starting on 29 October 2023 for five weeks in collaboration with the Commonwealth of Learning and the University of Seychelles James Michel Blue Economy Research Institute. This course was an introductory course exploring the foundational components of the blue economy. The course forms one of four courses that the Commonwealth of Learning and the University of Seychelles James Michel Blue Economy Research Institute are hoping to update and offer (https://www.mooc4dev.org/blueeconomy1). The Once Ocean Hub and its knowledge products and experts have supported the development of the original four-part series and the Hub features strongly in the last three courses, but this latest offering of Course 1 was updated to include some of the more recent knowledge products produced by the Hub (Week 3: Blue Economy Knowledge Support, Activity 3.1, more information is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/7uhifsbh002h36sik33249vpg9). These illustrate underrepresented components (e.g. culture and community) of the blue economy in an innovative way that the students can relate to, helping them thing critically about the blue economy. The Hub has been inspirational for many young students that the Commonwealth of Learning and the University of Seychelles. It provides a space that captures key concerns and priorities for young academics (concerned with their future) and diverse learners and practitioners in a tangible way. 311 students (146 female; 165 male) from across the globe complete the course successfully with many more engaging with the material in an informal way. More information about course participants is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/btco7dkufke3vmfpfknolr2dmi. "The Blue Economy Knowledge Support" session includes the following Hub's knowledge products including: • One Ocean Hub: The Ocean and Climate Change (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGqWCd9UR2Y) • The Blue Blanket (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UBubIpCWuk) • Deep Connections | The Importance of Culturally Significant Areas in South Africa's marine space (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fgANwAFm9I) • Defenders of the Ocean (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY)
Impact This partnership led to the development of 17 modules as part of the series of MOOCs on the Blue Economy. Benefitting from the interdisciplinary global network of the One Ocean Hub, these MOOCs take an interdisciplinary holistic view of the Blue Economy, across key sectors for blue economy development: Fisheries, Aquaculture, Marine Renewable Energy, Seabed Mining and Marine Biotechnology, and they also build in crosscutting issues linked to sustainability, governance, finance, culture and gender. This is an introductory course for persons from various backgrounds, both technical and non-technical. The One Ocean Hub' modules for the MOOC series include: 1. The Blue Economy and the Law of the Sea by Associate Professor Daniela Diz (Heriot-Watt University, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmgfBWEiLDg 2. Natural Capital and the Blue Economy by Dr Sian Rees (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=YD3RUBlwFCE&feature=youtu.be 3. Integrated Ocean Management by Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKm03jOf7Is 4. Integrated Ocean Management: South African Case Study by Dr Bernadette Snow (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa and University of Strathclyde, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=fx0c4nxSgl0&feature=youtu.be 5. Applying a systems analysis approach to support Integrated Ocean Management and Marine Spatial Planning in Algoa Bay, South Africa by Dr Estee Vermeulen (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUZv-eGaZLM 6. Knowledge Co-Production by Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfErzDwW6ms 7. Human Rights and the Blue Economy by Professor Elisa Morgera ( University of Strathclyde, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cv4xHRoRJI0 8. Gender, Culture and the Blue Economy by Professor Rose Boswell (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mbfBHU8QObY 9. Division of Labour Case Study by Dr Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, South Africa). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GYQ10m-CKo 10. Sustainable Fisheries by Dr Alexander Winkler (Rhodes University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AAa9IlCCxLo 11. Deep Seabed Mining Part 1 by Dr Kirsty McQuaid (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtFnDpK02-Y 12. Deep Seabed Mining Part 2 by Dr Kirsty McQuaid (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwvQXWAY-Gg 13. Offshore Renewable Energy by Professor Martin Attrill ( University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZHgsRmEbng 14. Marine Biotechnology by Professor Kerry Howell (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMu3kLIKUoI 15. Case Study: Marine Biotechnology by Professor Mathew Upton (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6P0uw8Hm_eI 16. Maritime Transport and Ports Part 1 by Associate Professor Pierre Jean Bordahandy (University of South Pacific, Fiji). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjMLX8E7h_s 17. Maritime Transport and Ports Part 2 by Associate Professor Pierre Jean Bordahandy (University of South Pacific, Fiji). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hEt_LQEtXrM A blogpost summarising researchers' reflection on the MOOC series can be found here: https://oneoceanhub.org/reflections-on-the-blue-economy-massive-open-online-course-series/ Disciplines Involved: Law Anthropology Art Marine Science Sociology Development Studies
Start Year 2020
 
Description Building blue capacity across the globe 
Organisation Heriot-Watt University
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution One Ocean Hub project partner, the University of Seychelles, led the development and facilitation of four massive open online courses (MOOC) on the blue economy. The courses are being offered by Blue Economy Research Institute - University of Seychelles in collaboration with the Commonwealth of Learning. The MOOCs were developed by the University of Seychelles working with researchers from across the Hub network in conceptualizing parts of the course, developing and delivering modules. The University of Seychelles and the Commonwealth of Learning developed the overall concept and content outline and Hub researchers provided technical content collation and delivery. In total 15 Hub researchers contributed to develop a four-part Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) series on the Blue Economy, attracting around ~1500 participants (~46% women), from various continents and island nations. the online format was designed to enable inclusivity, operating across time zones and caring commitments. The series was run from Jun 2020 to April 2021, reaching over ~1500 participants in over ~70 countries globally. On average ~98% of post-course survey respondents indicated they would recommend the MOOC to colleagues. Courses have drawn on expertise from across all Hub regions and disciplines: Dr Holly Niner, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. (Teaching Assistant for the MOOC). OOH Knowledge Exchange Fellow Prof Kerry Howell, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Co-Director Dr Kirsty McQuaid, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Post Doctoral Researcher Prof Martin Attril, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Researcher Prof Mathew Upton, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Researcher. Dr Dylan McGarry, Rhodes University, South Africa. Environmental Learning Research Centre. OOH Co-Director Dr Alex Winkler, Rhodes University, South Africa. Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science. OOH Researcher Prof Pierre-Jean Bordahandy, the University of South Pacific. OOH Researcher Prof Rose Boswell, Nelson Mandela University, Research Chair in Ocean Cultures and Heritage. OOH Researcher Dr Bernadette Snow, University of Strathclyde, OOH Deputy Director Mia Strand, Nelson Mandela University. Department of Development Studies. OOH PhD Student Dr Daniela Diz, Heriot Watt University, School of Energy and Geoscience. OOH Researcher Prof Elisa Morgera, University of Strathclyde. OOH Director and PI Mrs Kelly Hoareau, Blue Economy Research Institute, Seychelles (former Director). OOH Researcher. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. The following organisations are Hub's partners since the proposal stage: - Research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; the University of South Pacific, Fiji and the University of Seychelles, Seychelles - Research partners in the Global North: University of Plymouth, UK and the University of Strathclyde, UK. The collaboration "Building blue capacity across the globe" has brought new partnership between the Hub with the Commonwealth of Learning, UK
Collaborator Contribution The Commonwealth of Learning empowers people through learning that leads to economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental conservation. The Commonwealth of Learning (COL) is an intergovernmental organisation created by Commonwealth Heads of Government in 1987 to promote the development and sharing of open learning and distance education knowledge, resources and technologies. COL's greatest impact is in supporting efforts to provide Commonwealth citizens greater access to quality education and training through open, distance and technology-enabled learning, thereby allowing them to benefit from improved livelihoods, greater gender equity and overall economic, social and cultural development leading to sustainable development. The COL hosts a MOOC platform that provides a good learning experience at low bandwidth and offline where necessary. The COL partnered with University of Seychelles on the development of a MOOC series composed of four parts: • MOOC1: The Blue Economy: Sustainability, innovation and our ocean (Jun 2020) • MOOC2: The Blue Economy: Creating an Enabling Environment (Aug 2020) • MOOC3: The Blue Economy: Blue Resources (Jan 2021) • MOOC4: The Blue Economy: Blue Space (March 2021) This MOOCs introduced key blue economy sectors that can be developed, for example, Fisheries, Aquaculture, Marine Renewable Energy, Seabed Mining and Marine Biotechnology. The course also explores some of the key considerations that influence the sustainability of individual sectors and blue economy strategies as a whole, such as gender equality and human rights. The course is hosted on the COL MOOCs for Development Website, and facilitated via the Commonwealth of Learning. Relevant links: https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy1 https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy2 https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy3 https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy4 The collaboration "Building blue capacity across the globe" has brought societal impact. "The Blue Economy: Sustainability Innovation and Our Ocean" MOOC was updated and held for a second time starting on 29 October 2023 for five weeks in collaboration with the Commonwealth of Learning and the University of Seychelles James Michel Blue Economy Research Institute. This course was an introductory course exploring the foundational components of the blue economy. The course forms one of four courses that the Commonwealth of Learning and the University of Seychelles James Michel Blue Economy Research Institute are hoping to update and offer (https://www.mooc4dev.org/blueeconomy1). The Once Ocean Hub and its knowledge products and experts have supported the development of the original four-part series and the Hub features strongly in the last three courses, but this latest offering of Course 1 was updated to include some of the more recent knowledge products produced by the Hub (Week 3: Blue Economy Knowledge Support, Activity 3.1, more information is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/7uhifsbh002h36sik33249vpg9). These illustrate underrepresented components (e.g. culture and community) of the blue economy in an innovative way that the students can relate to, helping them thing critically about the blue economy. The Hub has been inspirational for many young students that the Commonwealth of Learning and the University of Seychelles. It provides a space that captures key concerns and priorities for young academics (concerned with their future) and diverse learners and practitioners in a tangible way. 311 students (146 female; 165 male) from across the globe complete the course successfully with many more engaging with the material in an informal way. More information about course participants is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/btco7dkufke3vmfpfknolr2dmi. "The Blue Economy Knowledge Support" session includes the following Hub's knowledge products including: • One Ocean Hub: The Ocean and Climate Change (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGqWCd9UR2Y) • The Blue Blanket (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UBubIpCWuk) • Deep Connections | The Importance of Culturally Significant Areas in South Africa's marine space (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fgANwAFm9I) • Defenders of the Ocean (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY)
Impact This partnership led to the development of 17 modules as part of the series of MOOCs on the Blue Economy. Benefitting from the interdisciplinary global network of the One Ocean Hub, these MOOCs take an interdisciplinary holistic view of the Blue Economy, across key sectors for blue economy development: Fisheries, Aquaculture, Marine Renewable Energy, Seabed Mining and Marine Biotechnology, and they also build in crosscutting issues linked to sustainability, governance, finance, culture and gender. This is an introductory course for persons from various backgrounds, both technical and non-technical. The One Ocean Hub' modules for the MOOC series include: 1. The Blue Economy and the Law of the Sea by Associate Professor Daniela Diz (Heriot-Watt University, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmgfBWEiLDg 2. Natural Capital and the Blue Economy by Dr Sian Rees (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=YD3RUBlwFCE&feature=youtu.be 3. Integrated Ocean Management by Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKm03jOf7Is 4. Integrated Ocean Management: South African Case Study by Dr Bernadette Snow (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa and University of Strathclyde, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=fx0c4nxSgl0&feature=youtu.be 5. Applying a systems analysis approach to support Integrated Ocean Management and Marine Spatial Planning in Algoa Bay, South Africa by Dr Estee Vermeulen (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUZv-eGaZLM 6. Knowledge Co-Production by Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfErzDwW6ms 7. Human Rights and the Blue Economy by Professor Elisa Morgera ( University of Strathclyde, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cv4xHRoRJI0 8. Gender, Culture and the Blue Economy by Professor Rose Boswell (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mbfBHU8QObY 9. Division of Labour Case Study by Dr Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, South Africa). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GYQ10m-CKo 10. Sustainable Fisheries by Dr Alexander Winkler (Rhodes University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AAa9IlCCxLo 11. Deep Seabed Mining Part 1 by Dr Kirsty McQuaid (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtFnDpK02-Y 12. Deep Seabed Mining Part 2 by Dr Kirsty McQuaid (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwvQXWAY-Gg 13. Offshore Renewable Energy by Professor Martin Attrill ( University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZHgsRmEbng 14. Marine Biotechnology by Professor Kerry Howell (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMu3kLIKUoI 15. Case Study: Marine Biotechnology by Professor Mathew Upton (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6P0uw8Hm_eI 16. Maritime Transport and Ports Part 1 by Associate Professor Pierre Jean Bordahandy (University of South Pacific, Fiji). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjMLX8E7h_s 17. Maritime Transport and Ports Part 2 by Associate Professor Pierre Jean Bordahandy (University of South Pacific, Fiji). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hEt_LQEtXrM A blogpost summarising researchers' reflection on the MOOC series can be found here: https://oneoceanhub.org/reflections-on-the-blue-economy-massive-open-online-course-series/ Disciplines Involved: Law Anthropology Art Marine Science Sociology Development Studies
Start Year 2020
 
Description Building blue capacity across the globe 
Organisation Nelson Mandela University
Country South Africa 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution One Ocean Hub project partner, the University of Seychelles, led the development and facilitation of four massive open online courses (MOOC) on the blue economy. The courses are being offered by Blue Economy Research Institute - University of Seychelles in collaboration with the Commonwealth of Learning. The MOOCs were developed by the University of Seychelles working with researchers from across the Hub network in conceptualizing parts of the course, developing and delivering modules. The University of Seychelles and the Commonwealth of Learning developed the overall concept and content outline and Hub researchers provided technical content collation and delivery. In total 15 Hub researchers contributed to develop a four-part Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) series on the Blue Economy, attracting around ~1500 participants (~46% women), from various continents and island nations. the online format was designed to enable inclusivity, operating across time zones and caring commitments. The series was run from Jun 2020 to April 2021, reaching over ~1500 participants in over ~70 countries globally. On average ~98% of post-course survey respondents indicated they would recommend the MOOC to colleagues. Courses have drawn on expertise from across all Hub regions and disciplines: Dr Holly Niner, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. (Teaching Assistant for the MOOC). OOH Knowledge Exchange Fellow Prof Kerry Howell, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Co-Director Dr Kirsty McQuaid, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Post Doctoral Researcher Prof Martin Attril, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Researcher Prof Mathew Upton, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Researcher. Dr Dylan McGarry, Rhodes University, South Africa. Environmental Learning Research Centre. OOH Co-Director Dr Alex Winkler, Rhodes University, South Africa. Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science. OOH Researcher Prof Pierre-Jean Bordahandy, the University of South Pacific. OOH Researcher Prof Rose Boswell, Nelson Mandela University, Research Chair in Ocean Cultures and Heritage. OOH Researcher Dr Bernadette Snow, University of Strathclyde, OOH Deputy Director Mia Strand, Nelson Mandela University. Department of Development Studies. OOH PhD Student Dr Daniela Diz, Heriot Watt University, School of Energy and Geoscience. OOH Researcher Prof Elisa Morgera, University of Strathclyde. OOH Director and PI Mrs Kelly Hoareau, Blue Economy Research Institute, Seychelles (former Director). OOH Researcher. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. The following organisations are Hub's partners since the proposal stage: - Research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; the University of South Pacific, Fiji and the University of Seychelles, Seychelles - Research partners in the Global North: University of Plymouth, UK and the University of Strathclyde, UK. The collaboration "Building blue capacity across the globe" has brought new partnership between the Hub with the Commonwealth of Learning, UK
Collaborator Contribution The Commonwealth of Learning empowers people through learning that leads to economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental conservation. The Commonwealth of Learning (COL) is an intergovernmental organisation created by Commonwealth Heads of Government in 1987 to promote the development and sharing of open learning and distance education knowledge, resources and technologies. COL's greatest impact is in supporting efforts to provide Commonwealth citizens greater access to quality education and training through open, distance and technology-enabled learning, thereby allowing them to benefit from improved livelihoods, greater gender equity and overall economic, social and cultural development leading to sustainable development. The COL hosts a MOOC platform that provides a good learning experience at low bandwidth and offline where necessary. The COL partnered with University of Seychelles on the development of a MOOC series composed of four parts: • MOOC1: The Blue Economy: Sustainability, innovation and our ocean (Jun 2020) • MOOC2: The Blue Economy: Creating an Enabling Environment (Aug 2020) • MOOC3: The Blue Economy: Blue Resources (Jan 2021) • MOOC4: The Blue Economy: Blue Space (March 2021) This MOOCs introduced key blue economy sectors that can be developed, for example, Fisheries, Aquaculture, Marine Renewable Energy, Seabed Mining and Marine Biotechnology. The course also explores some of the key considerations that influence the sustainability of individual sectors and blue economy strategies as a whole, such as gender equality and human rights. The course is hosted on the COL MOOCs for Development Website, and facilitated via the Commonwealth of Learning. Relevant links: https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy1 https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy2 https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy3 https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy4 The collaboration "Building blue capacity across the globe" has brought societal impact. "The Blue Economy: Sustainability Innovation and Our Ocean" MOOC was updated and held for a second time starting on 29 October 2023 for five weeks in collaboration with the Commonwealth of Learning and the University of Seychelles James Michel Blue Economy Research Institute. This course was an introductory course exploring the foundational components of the blue economy. The course forms one of four courses that the Commonwealth of Learning and the University of Seychelles James Michel Blue Economy Research Institute are hoping to update and offer (https://www.mooc4dev.org/blueeconomy1). The Once Ocean Hub and its knowledge products and experts have supported the development of the original four-part series and the Hub features strongly in the last three courses, but this latest offering of Course 1 was updated to include some of the more recent knowledge products produced by the Hub (Week 3: Blue Economy Knowledge Support, Activity 3.1, more information is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/7uhifsbh002h36sik33249vpg9). These illustrate underrepresented components (e.g. culture and community) of the blue economy in an innovative way that the students can relate to, helping them thing critically about the blue economy. The Hub has been inspirational for many young students that the Commonwealth of Learning and the University of Seychelles. It provides a space that captures key concerns and priorities for young academics (concerned with their future) and diverse learners and practitioners in a tangible way. 311 students (146 female; 165 male) from across the globe complete the course successfully with many more engaging with the material in an informal way. More information about course participants is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/btco7dkufke3vmfpfknolr2dmi. "The Blue Economy Knowledge Support" session includes the following Hub's knowledge products including: • One Ocean Hub: The Ocean and Climate Change (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGqWCd9UR2Y) • The Blue Blanket (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UBubIpCWuk) • Deep Connections | The Importance of Culturally Significant Areas in South Africa's marine space (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fgANwAFm9I) • Defenders of the Ocean (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY)
Impact This partnership led to the development of 17 modules as part of the series of MOOCs on the Blue Economy. Benefitting from the interdisciplinary global network of the One Ocean Hub, these MOOCs take an interdisciplinary holistic view of the Blue Economy, across key sectors for blue economy development: Fisheries, Aquaculture, Marine Renewable Energy, Seabed Mining and Marine Biotechnology, and they also build in crosscutting issues linked to sustainability, governance, finance, culture and gender. This is an introductory course for persons from various backgrounds, both technical and non-technical. The One Ocean Hub' modules for the MOOC series include: 1. The Blue Economy and the Law of the Sea by Associate Professor Daniela Diz (Heriot-Watt University, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmgfBWEiLDg 2. Natural Capital and the Blue Economy by Dr Sian Rees (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=YD3RUBlwFCE&feature=youtu.be 3. Integrated Ocean Management by Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKm03jOf7Is 4. Integrated Ocean Management: South African Case Study by Dr Bernadette Snow (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa and University of Strathclyde, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=fx0c4nxSgl0&feature=youtu.be 5. Applying a systems analysis approach to support Integrated Ocean Management and Marine Spatial Planning in Algoa Bay, South Africa by Dr Estee Vermeulen (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUZv-eGaZLM 6. Knowledge Co-Production by Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfErzDwW6ms 7. Human Rights and the Blue Economy by Professor Elisa Morgera ( University of Strathclyde, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cv4xHRoRJI0 8. Gender, Culture and the Blue Economy by Professor Rose Boswell (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mbfBHU8QObY 9. Division of Labour Case Study by Dr Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, South Africa). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GYQ10m-CKo 10. Sustainable Fisheries by Dr Alexander Winkler (Rhodes University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AAa9IlCCxLo 11. Deep Seabed Mining Part 1 by Dr Kirsty McQuaid (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtFnDpK02-Y 12. Deep Seabed Mining Part 2 by Dr Kirsty McQuaid (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwvQXWAY-Gg 13. Offshore Renewable Energy by Professor Martin Attrill ( University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZHgsRmEbng 14. Marine Biotechnology by Professor Kerry Howell (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMu3kLIKUoI 15. Case Study: Marine Biotechnology by Professor Mathew Upton (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6P0uw8Hm_eI 16. Maritime Transport and Ports Part 1 by Associate Professor Pierre Jean Bordahandy (University of South Pacific, Fiji). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjMLX8E7h_s 17. Maritime Transport and Ports Part 2 by Associate Professor Pierre Jean Bordahandy (University of South Pacific, Fiji). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hEt_LQEtXrM A blogpost summarising researchers' reflection on the MOOC series can be found here: https://oneoceanhub.org/reflections-on-the-blue-economy-massive-open-online-course-series/ Disciplines Involved: Law Anthropology Art Marine Science Sociology Development Studies
Start Year 2020
 
Description Building blue capacity across the globe 
Organisation Rhodes University
Country South Africa 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution One Ocean Hub project partner, the University of Seychelles, led the development and facilitation of four massive open online courses (MOOC) on the blue economy. The courses are being offered by Blue Economy Research Institute - University of Seychelles in collaboration with the Commonwealth of Learning. The MOOCs were developed by the University of Seychelles working with researchers from across the Hub network in conceptualizing parts of the course, developing and delivering modules. The University of Seychelles and the Commonwealth of Learning developed the overall concept and content outline and Hub researchers provided technical content collation and delivery. In total 15 Hub researchers contributed to develop a four-part Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) series on the Blue Economy, attracting around ~1500 participants (~46% women), from various continents and island nations. the online format was designed to enable inclusivity, operating across time zones and caring commitments. The series was run from Jun 2020 to April 2021, reaching over ~1500 participants in over ~70 countries globally. On average ~98% of post-course survey respondents indicated they would recommend the MOOC to colleagues. Courses have drawn on expertise from across all Hub regions and disciplines: Dr Holly Niner, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. (Teaching Assistant for the MOOC). OOH Knowledge Exchange Fellow Prof Kerry Howell, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Co-Director Dr Kirsty McQuaid, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Post Doctoral Researcher Prof Martin Attril, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Researcher Prof Mathew Upton, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Researcher. Dr Dylan McGarry, Rhodes University, South Africa. Environmental Learning Research Centre. OOH Co-Director Dr Alex Winkler, Rhodes University, South Africa. Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science. OOH Researcher Prof Pierre-Jean Bordahandy, the University of South Pacific. OOH Researcher Prof Rose Boswell, Nelson Mandela University, Research Chair in Ocean Cultures and Heritage. OOH Researcher Dr Bernadette Snow, University of Strathclyde, OOH Deputy Director Mia Strand, Nelson Mandela University. Department of Development Studies. OOH PhD Student Dr Daniela Diz, Heriot Watt University, School of Energy and Geoscience. OOH Researcher Prof Elisa Morgera, University of Strathclyde. OOH Director and PI Mrs Kelly Hoareau, Blue Economy Research Institute, Seychelles (former Director). OOH Researcher. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. The following organisations are Hub's partners since the proposal stage: - Research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; the University of South Pacific, Fiji and the University of Seychelles, Seychelles - Research partners in the Global North: University of Plymouth, UK and the University of Strathclyde, UK. The collaboration "Building blue capacity across the globe" has brought new partnership between the Hub with the Commonwealth of Learning, UK
Collaborator Contribution The Commonwealth of Learning empowers people through learning that leads to economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental conservation. The Commonwealth of Learning (COL) is an intergovernmental organisation created by Commonwealth Heads of Government in 1987 to promote the development and sharing of open learning and distance education knowledge, resources and technologies. COL's greatest impact is in supporting efforts to provide Commonwealth citizens greater access to quality education and training through open, distance and technology-enabled learning, thereby allowing them to benefit from improved livelihoods, greater gender equity and overall economic, social and cultural development leading to sustainable development. The COL hosts a MOOC platform that provides a good learning experience at low bandwidth and offline where necessary. The COL partnered with University of Seychelles on the development of a MOOC series composed of four parts: • MOOC1: The Blue Economy: Sustainability, innovation and our ocean (Jun 2020) • MOOC2: The Blue Economy: Creating an Enabling Environment (Aug 2020) • MOOC3: The Blue Economy: Blue Resources (Jan 2021) • MOOC4: The Blue Economy: Blue Space (March 2021) This MOOCs introduced key blue economy sectors that can be developed, for example, Fisheries, Aquaculture, Marine Renewable Energy, Seabed Mining and Marine Biotechnology. The course also explores some of the key considerations that influence the sustainability of individual sectors and blue economy strategies as a whole, such as gender equality and human rights. The course is hosted on the COL MOOCs for Development Website, and facilitated via the Commonwealth of Learning. Relevant links: https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy1 https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy2 https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy3 https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy4 The collaboration "Building blue capacity across the globe" has brought societal impact. "The Blue Economy: Sustainability Innovation and Our Ocean" MOOC was updated and held for a second time starting on 29 October 2023 for five weeks in collaboration with the Commonwealth of Learning and the University of Seychelles James Michel Blue Economy Research Institute. This course was an introductory course exploring the foundational components of the blue economy. The course forms one of four courses that the Commonwealth of Learning and the University of Seychelles James Michel Blue Economy Research Institute are hoping to update and offer (https://www.mooc4dev.org/blueeconomy1). The Once Ocean Hub and its knowledge products and experts have supported the development of the original four-part series and the Hub features strongly in the last three courses, but this latest offering of Course 1 was updated to include some of the more recent knowledge products produced by the Hub (Week 3: Blue Economy Knowledge Support, Activity 3.1, more information is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/7uhifsbh002h36sik33249vpg9). These illustrate underrepresented components (e.g. culture and community) of the blue economy in an innovative way that the students can relate to, helping them thing critically about the blue economy. The Hub has been inspirational for many young students that the Commonwealth of Learning and the University of Seychelles. It provides a space that captures key concerns and priorities for young academics (concerned with their future) and diverse learners and practitioners in a tangible way. 311 students (146 female; 165 male) from across the globe complete the course successfully with many more engaging with the material in an informal way. More information about course participants is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/btco7dkufke3vmfpfknolr2dmi. "The Blue Economy Knowledge Support" session includes the following Hub's knowledge products including: • One Ocean Hub: The Ocean and Climate Change (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGqWCd9UR2Y) • The Blue Blanket (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UBubIpCWuk) • Deep Connections | The Importance of Culturally Significant Areas in South Africa's marine space (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fgANwAFm9I) • Defenders of the Ocean (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY)
Impact This partnership led to the development of 17 modules as part of the series of MOOCs on the Blue Economy. Benefitting from the interdisciplinary global network of the One Ocean Hub, these MOOCs take an interdisciplinary holistic view of the Blue Economy, across key sectors for blue economy development: Fisheries, Aquaculture, Marine Renewable Energy, Seabed Mining and Marine Biotechnology, and they also build in crosscutting issues linked to sustainability, governance, finance, culture and gender. This is an introductory course for persons from various backgrounds, both technical and non-technical. The One Ocean Hub' modules for the MOOC series include: 1. The Blue Economy and the Law of the Sea by Associate Professor Daniela Diz (Heriot-Watt University, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmgfBWEiLDg 2. Natural Capital and the Blue Economy by Dr Sian Rees (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=YD3RUBlwFCE&feature=youtu.be 3. Integrated Ocean Management by Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKm03jOf7Is 4. Integrated Ocean Management: South African Case Study by Dr Bernadette Snow (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa and University of Strathclyde, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=fx0c4nxSgl0&feature=youtu.be 5. Applying a systems analysis approach to support Integrated Ocean Management and Marine Spatial Planning in Algoa Bay, South Africa by Dr Estee Vermeulen (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUZv-eGaZLM 6. Knowledge Co-Production by Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfErzDwW6ms 7. Human Rights and the Blue Economy by Professor Elisa Morgera ( University of Strathclyde, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cv4xHRoRJI0 8. Gender, Culture and the Blue Economy by Professor Rose Boswell (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mbfBHU8QObY 9. Division of Labour Case Study by Dr Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, South Africa). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GYQ10m-CKo 10. Sustainable Fisheries by Dr Alexander Winkler (Rhodes University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AAa9IlCCxLo 11. Deep Seabed Mining Part 1 by Dr Kirsty McQuaid (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtFnDpK02-Y 12. Deep Seabed Mining Part 2 by Dr Kirsty McQuaid (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwvQXWAY-Gg 13. Offshore Renewable Energy by Professor Martin Attrill ( University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZHgsRmEbng 14. Marine Biotechnology by Professor Kerry Howell (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMu3kLIKUoI 15. Case Study: Marine Biotechnology by Professor Mathew Upton (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6P0uw8Hm_eI 16. Maritime Transport and Ports Part 1 by Associate Professor Pierre Jean Bordahandy (University of South Pacific, Fiji). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjMLX8E7h_s 17. Maritime Transport and Ports Part 2 by Associate Professor Pierre Jean Bordahandy (University of South Pacific, Fiji). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hEt_LQEtXrM A blogpost summarising researchers' reflection on the MOOC series can be found here: https://oneoceanhub.org/reflections-on-the-blue-economy-massive-open-online-course-series/ Disciplines Involved: Law Anthropology Art Marine Science Sociology Development Studies
Start Year 2020
 
Description Building blue capacity across the globe 
Organisation University of Plymouth
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution One Ocean Hub project partner, the University of Seychelles, led the development and facilitation of four massive open online courses (MOOC) on the blue economy. The courses are being offered by Blue Economy Research Institute - University of Seychelles in collaboration with the Commonwealth of Learning. The MOOCs were developed by the University of Seychelles working with researchers from across the Hub network in conceptualizing parts of the course, developing and delivering modules. The University of Seychelles and the Commonwealth of Learning developed the overall concept and content outline and Hub researchers provided technical content collation and delivery. In total 15 Hub researchers contributed to develop a four-part Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) series on the Blue Economy, attracting around ~1500 participants (~46% women), from various continents and island nations. the online format was designed to enable inclusivity, operating across time zones and caring commitments. The series was run from Jun 2020 to April 2021, reaching over ~1500 participants in over ~70 countries globally. On average ~98% of post-course survey respondents indicated they would recommend the MOOC to colleagues. Courses have drawn on expertise from across all Hub regions and disciplines: Dr Holly Niner, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. (Teaching Assistant for the MOOC). OOH Knowledge Exchange Fellow Prof Kerry Howell, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Co-Director Dr Kirsty McQuaid, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Post Doctoral Researcher Prof Martin Attril, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Researcher Prof Mathew Upton, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Researcher. Dr Dylan McGarry, Rhodes University, South Africa. Environmental Learning Research Centre. OOH Co-Director Dr Alex Winkler, Rhodes University, South Africa. Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science. OOH Researcher Prof Pierre-Jean Bordahandy, the University of South Pacific. OOH Researcher Prof Rose Boswell, Nelson Mandela University, Research Chair in Ocean Cultures and Heritage. OOH Researcher Dr Bernadette Snow, University of Strathclyde, OOH Deputy Director Mia Strand, Nelson Mandela University. Department of Development Studies. OOH PhD Student Dr Daniela Diz, Heriot Watt University, School of Energy and Geoscience. OOH Researcher Prof Elisa Morgera, University of Strathclyde. OOH Director and PI Mrs Kelly Hoareau, Blue Economy Research Institute, Seychelles (former Director). OOH Researcher. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. The following organisations are Hub's partners since the proposal stage: - Research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; the University of South Pacific, Fiji and the University of Seychelles, Seychelles - Research partners in the Global North: University of Plymouth, UK and the University of Strathclyde, UK. The collaboration "Building blue capacity across the globe" has brought new partnership between the Hub with the Commonwealth of Learning, UK
Collaborator Contribution The Commonwealth of Learning empowers people through learning that leads to economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental conservation. The Commonwealth of Learning (COL) is an intergovernmental organisation created by Commonwealth Heads of Government in 1987 to promote the development and sharing of open learning and distance education knowledge, resources and technologies. COL's greatest impact is in supporting efforts to provide Commonwealth citizens greater access to quality education and training through open, distance and technology-enabled learning, thereby allowing them to benefit from improved livelihoods, greater gender equity and overall economic, social and cultural development leading to sustainable development. The COL hosts a MOOC platform that provides a good learning experience at low bandwidth and offline where necessary. The COL partnered with University of Seychelles on the development of a MOOC series composed of four parts: • MOOC1: The Blue Economy: Sustainability, innovation and our ocean (Jun 2020) • MOOC2: The Blue Economy: Creating an Enabling Environment (Aug 2020) • MOOC3: The Blue Economy: Blue Resources (Jan 2021) • MOOC4: The Blue Economy: Blue Space (March 2021) This MOOCs introduced key blue economy sectors that can be developed, for example, Fisheries, Aquaculture, Marine Renewable Energy, Seabed Mining and Marine Biotechnology. The course also explores some of the key considerations that influence the sustainability of individual sectors and blue economy strategies as a whole, such as gender equality and human rights. The course is hosted on the COL MOOCs for Development Website, and facilitated via the Commonwealth of Learning. Relevant links: https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy1 https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy2 https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy3 https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy4 The collaboration "Building blue capacity across the globe" has brought societal impact. "The Blue Economy: Sustainability Innovation and Our Ocean" MOOC was updated and held for a second time starting on 29 October 2023 for five weeks in collaboration with the Commonwealth of Learning and the University of Seychelles James Michel Blue Economy Research Institute. This course was an introductory course exploring the foundational components of the blue economy. The course forms one of four courses that the Commonwealth of Learning and the University of Seychelles James Michel Blue Economy Research Institute are hoping to update and offer (https://www.mooc4dev.org/blueeconomy1). The Once Ocean Hub and its knowledge products and experts have supported the development of the original four-part series and the Hub features strongly in the last three courses, but this latest offering of Course 1 was updated to include some of the more recent knowledge products produced by the Hub (Week 3: Blue Economy Knowledge Support, Activity 3.1, more information is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/7uhifsbh002h36sik33249vpg9). These illustrate underrepresented components (e.g. culture and community) of the blue economy in an innovative way that the students can relate to, helping them thing critically about the blue economy. The Hub has been inspirational for many young students that the Commonwealth of Learning and the University of Seychelles. It provides a space that captures key concerns and priorities for young academics (concerned with their future) and diverse learners and practitioners in a tangible way. 311 students (146 female; 165 male) from across the globe complete the course successfully with many more engaging with the material in an informal way. More information about course participants is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/btco7dkufke3vmfpfknolr2dmi. "The Blue Economy Knowledge Support" session includes the following Hub's knowledge products including: • One Ocean Hub: The Ocean and Climate Change (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGqWCd9UR2Y) • The Blue Blanket (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UBubIpCWuk) • Deep Connections | The Importance of Culturally Significant Areas in South Africa's marine space (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fgANwAFm9I) • Defenders of the Ocean (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY)
Impact This partnership led to the development of 17 modules as part of the series of MOOCs on the Blue Economy. Benefitting from the interdisciplinary global network of the One Ocean Hub, these MOOCs take an interdisciplinary holistic view of the Blue Economy, across key sectors for blue economy development: Fisheries, Aquaculture, Marine Renewable Energy, Seabed Mining and Marine Biotechnology, and they also build in crosscutting issues linked to sustainability, governance, finance, culture and gender. This is an introductory course for persons from various backgrounds, both technical and non-technical. The One Ocean Hub' modules for the MOOC series include: 1. The Blue Economy and the Law of the Sea by Associate Professor Daniela Diz (Heriot-Watt University, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmgfBWEiLDg 2. Natural Capital and the Blue Economy by Dr Sian Rees (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=YD3RUBlwFCE&feature=youtu.be 3. Integrated Ocean Management by Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKm03jOf7Is 4. Integrated Ocean Management: South African Case Study by Dr Bernadette Snow (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa and University of Strathclyde, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=fx0c4nxSgl0&feature=youtu.be 5. Applying a systems analysis approach to support Integrated Ocean Management and Marine Spatial Planning in Algoa Bay, South Africa by Dr Estee Vermeulen (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUZv-eGaZLM 6. Knowledge Co-Production by Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfErzDwW6ms 7. Human Rights and the Blue Economy by Professor Elisa Morgera ( University of Strathclyde, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cv4xHRoRJI0 8. Gender, Culture and the Blue Economy by Professor Rose Boswell (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mbfBHU8QObY 9. Division of Labour Case Study by Dr Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, South Africa). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GYQ10m-CKo 10. Sustainable Fisheries by Dr Alexander Winkler (Rhodes University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AAa9IlCCxLo 11. Deep Seabed Mining Part 1 by Dr Kirsty McQuaid (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtFnDpK02-Y 12. Deep Seabed Mining Part 2 by Dr Kirsty McQuaid (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwvQXWAY-Gg 13. Offshore Renewable Energy by Professor Martin Attrill ( University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZHgsRmEbng 14. Marine Biotechnology by Professor Kerry Howell (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMu3kLIKUoI 15. Case Study: Marine Biotechnology by Professor Mathew Upton (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6P0uw8Hm_eI 16. Maritime Transport and Ports Part 1 by Associate Professor Pierre Jean Bordahandy (University of South Pacific, Fiji). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjMLX8E7h_s 17. Maritime Transport and Ports Part 2 by Associate Professor Pierre Jean Bordahandy (University of South Pacific, Fiji). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hEt_LQEtXrM A blogpost summarising researchers' reflection on the MOOC series can be found here: https://oneoceanhub.org/reflections-on-the-blue-economy-massive-open-online-course-series/ Disciplines Involved: Law Anthropology Art Marine Science Sociology Development Studies
Start Year 2020
 
Description Building blue capacity across the globe 
Organisation University of Seychelles
Country Seychelles 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution One Ocean Hub project partner, the University of Seychelles, led the development and facilitation of four massive open online courses (MOOC) on the blue economy. The courses are being offered by Blue Economy Research Institute - University of Seychelles in collaboration with the Commonwealth of Learning. The MOOCs were developed by the University of Seychelles working with researchers from across the Hub network in conceptualizing parts of the course, developing and delivering modules. The University of Seychelles and the Commonwealth of Learning developed the overall concept and content outline and Hub researchers provided technical content collation and delivery. In total 15 Hub researchers contributed to develop a four-part Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) series on the Blue Economy, attracting around ~1500 participants (~46% women), from various continents and island nations. the online format was designed to enable inclusivity, operating across time zones and caring commitments. The series was run from Jun 2020 to April 2021, reaching over ~1500 participants in over ~70 countries globally. On average ~98% of post-course survey respondents indicated they would recommend the MOOC to colleagues. Courses have drawn on expertise from across all Hub regions and disciplines: Dr Holly Niner, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. (Teaching Assistant for the MOOC). OOH Knowledge Exchange Fellow Prof Kerry Howell, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Co-Director Dr Kirsty McQuaid, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Post Doctoral Researcher Prof Martin Attril, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Researcher Prof Mathew Upton, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Researcher. Dr Dylan McGarry, Rhodes University, South Africa. Environmental Learning Research Centre. OOH Co-Director Dr Alex Winkler, Rhodes University, South Africa. Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science. OOH Researcher Prof Pierre-Jean Bordahandy, the University of South Pacific. OOH Researcher Prof Rose Boswell, Nelson Mandela University, Research Chair in Ocean Cultures and Heritage. OOH Researcher Dr Bernadette Snow, University of Strathclyde, OOH Deputy Director Mia Strand, Nelson Mandela University. Department of Development Studies. OOH PhD Student Dr Daniela Diz, Heriot Watt University, School of Energy and Geoscience. OOH Researcher Prof Elisa Morgera, University of Strathclyde. OOH Director and PI Mrs Kelly Hoareau, Blue Economy Research Institute, Seychelles (former Director). OOH Researcher. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. The following organisations are Hub's partners since the proposal stage: - Research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; the University of South Pacific, Fiji and the University of Seychelles, Seychelles - Research partners in the Global North: University of Plymouth, UK and the University of Strathclyde, UK. The collaboration "Building blue capacity across the globe" has brought new partnership between the Hub with the Commonwealth of Learning, UK
Collaborator Contribution The Commonwealth of Learning empowers people through learning that leads to economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental conservation. The Commonwealth of Learning (COL) is an intergovernmental organisation created by Commonwealth Heads of Government in 1987 to promote the development and sharing of open learning and distance education knowledge, resources and technologies. COL's greatest impact is in supporting efforts to provide Commonwealth citizens greater access to quality education and training through open, distance and technology-enabled learning, thereby allowing them to benefit from improved livelihoods, greater gender equity and overall economic, social and cultural development leading to sustainable development. The COL hosts a MOOC platform that provides a good learning experience at low bandwidth and offline where necessary. The COL partnered with University of Seychelles on the development of a MOOC series composed of four parts: • MOOC1: The Blue Economy: Sustainability, innovation and our ocean (Jun 2020) • MOOC2: The Blue Economy: Creating an Enabling Environment (Aug 2020) • MOOC3: The Blue Economy: Blue Resources (Jan 2021) • MOOC4: The Blue Economy: Blue Space (March 2021) This MOOCs introduced key blue economy sectors that can be developed, for example, Fisheries, Aquaculture, Marine Renewable Energy, Seabed Mining and Marine Biotechnology. The course also explores some of the key considerations that influence the sustainability of individual sectors and blue economy strategies as a whole, such as gender equality and human rights. The course is hosted on the COL MOOCs for Development Website, and facilitated via the Commonwealth of Learning. Relevant links: https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy1 https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy2 https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy3 https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy4 The collaboration "Building blue capacity across the globe" has brought societal impact. "The Blue Economy: Sustainability Innovation and Our Ocean" MOOC was updated and held for a second time starting on 29 October 2023 for five weeks in collaboration with the Commonwealth of Learning and the University of Seychelles James Michel Blue Economy Research Institute. This course was an introductory course exploring the foundational components of the blue economy. The course forms one of four courses that the Commonwealth of Learning and the University of Seychelles James Michel Blue Economy Research Institute are hoping to update and offer (https://www.mooc4dev.org/blueeconomy1). The Once Ocean Hub and its knowledge products and experts have supported the development of the original four-part series and the Hub features strongly in the last three courses, but this latest offering of Course 1 was updated to include some of the more recent knowledge products produced by the Hub (Week 3: Blue Economy Knowledge Support, Activity 3.1, more information is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/7uhifsbh002h36sik33249vpg9). These illustrate underrepresented components (e.g. culture and community) of the blue economy in an innovative way that the students can relate to, helping them thing critically about the blue economy. The Hub has been inspirational for many young students that the Commonwealth of Learning and the University of Seychelles. It provides a space that captures key concerns and priorities for young academics (concerned with their future) and diverse learners and practitioners in a tangible way. 311 students (146 female; 165 male) from across the globe complete the course successfully with many more engaging with the material in an informal way. More information about course participants is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/btco7dkufke3vmfpfknolr2dmi. "The Blue Economy Knowledge Support" session includes the following Hub's knowledge products including: • One Ocean Hub: The Ocean and Climate Change (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGqWCd9UR2Y) • The Blue Blanket (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UBubIpCWuk) • Deep Connections | The Importance of Culturally Significant Areas in South Africa's marine space (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fgANwAFm9I) • Defenders of the Ocean (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY)
Impact This partnership led to the development of 17 modules as part of the series of MOOCs on the Blue Economy. Benefitting from the interdisciplinary global network of the One Ocean Hub, these MOOCs take an interdisciplinary holistic view of the Blue Economy, across key sectors for blue economy development: Fisheries, Aquaculture, Marine Renewable Energy, Seabed Mining and Marine Biotechnology, and they also build in crosscutting issues linked to sustainability, governance, finance, culture and gender. This is an introductory course for persons from various backgrounds, both technical and non-technical. The One Ocean Hub' modules for the MOOC series include: 1. The Blue Economy and the Law of the Sea by Associate Professor Daniela Diz (Heriot-Watt University, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmgfBWEiLDg 2. Natural Capital and the Blue Economy by Dr Sian Rees (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=YD3RUBlwFCE&feature=youtu.be 3. Integrated Ocean Management by Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKm03jOf7Is 4. Integrated Ocean Management: South African Case Study by Dr Bernadette Snow (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa and University of Strathclyde, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=fx0c4nxSgl0&feature=youtu.be 5. Applying a systems analysis approach to support Integrated Ocean Management and Marine Spatial Planning in Algoa Bay, South Africa by Dr Estee Vermeulen (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUZv-eGaZLM 6. Knowledge Co-Production by Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfErzDwW6ms 7. Human Rights and the Blue Economy by Professor Elisa Morgera ( University of Strathclyde, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cv4xHRoRJI0 8. Gender, Culture and the Blue Economy by Professor Rose Boswell (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mbfBHU8QObY 9. Division of Labour Case Study by Dr Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, South Africa). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GYQ10m-CKo 10. Sustainable Fisheries by Dr Alexander Winkler (Rhodes University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AAa9IlCCxLo 11. Deep Seabed Mining Part 1 by Dr Kirsty McQuaid (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtFnDpK02-Y 12. Deep Seabed Mining Part 2 by Dr Kirsty McQuaid (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwvQXWAY-Gg 13. Offshore Renewable Energy by Professor Martin Attrill ( University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZHgsRmEbng 14. Marine Biotechnology by Professor Kerry Howell (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMu3kLIKUoI 15. Case Study: Marine Biotechnology by Professor Mathew Upton (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6P0uw8Hm_eI 16. Maritime Transport and Ports Part 1 by Associate Professor Pierre Jean Bordahandy (University of South Pacific, Fiji). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjMLX8E7h_s 17. Maritime Transport and Ports Part 2 by Associate Professor Pierre Jean Bordahandy (University of South Pacific, Fiji). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hEt_LQEtXrM A blogpost summarising researchers' reflection on the MOOC series can be found here: https://oneoceanhub.org/reflections-on-the-blue-economy-massive-open-online-course-series/ Disciplines Involved: Law Anthropology Art Marine Science Sociology Development Studies
Start Year 2020
 
Description Building blue capacity across the globe 
Organisation University of Strathclyde
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution One Ocean Hub project partner, the University of Seychelles, led the development and facilitation of four massive open online courses (MOOC) on the blue economy. The courses are being offered by Blue Economy Research Institute - University of Seychelles in collaboration with the Commonwealth of Learning. The MOOCs were developed by the University of Seychelles working with researchers from across the Hub network in conceptualizing parts of the course, developing and delivering modules. The University of Seychelles and the Commonwealth of Learning developed the overall concept and content outline and Hub researchers provided technical content collation and delivery. In total 15 Hub researchers contributed to develop a four-part Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) series on the Blue Economy, attracting around ~1500 participants (~46% women), from various continents and island nations. the online format was designed to enable inclusivity, operating across time zones and caring commitments. The series was run from Jun 2020 to April 2021, reaching over ~1500 participants in over ~70 countries globally. On average ~98% of post-course survey respondents indicated they would recommend the MOOC to colleagues. Courses have drawn on expertise from across all Hub regions and disciplines: Dr Holly Niner, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. (Teaching Assistant for the MOOC). OOH Knowledge Exchange Fellow Prof Kerry Howell, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Co-Director Dr Kirsty McQuaid, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Post Doctoral Researcher Prof Martin Attril, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Researcher Prof Mathew Upton, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Researcher. Dr Dylan McGarry, Rhodes University, South Africa. Environmental Learning Research Centre. OOH Co-Director Dr Alex Winkler, Rhodes University, South Africa. Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science. OOH Researcher Prof Pierre-Jean Bordahandy, the University of South Pacific. OOH Researcher Prof Rose Boswell, Nelson Mandela University, Research Chair in Ocean Cultures and Heritage. OOH Researcher Dr Bernadette Snow, University of Strathclyde, OOH Deputy Director Mia Strand, Nelson Mandela University. Department of Development Studies. OOH PhD Student Dr Daniela Diz, Heriot Watt University, School of Energy and Geoscience. OOH Researcher Prof Elisa Morgera, University of Strathclyde. OOH Director and PI Mrs Kelly Hoareau, Blue Economy Research Institute, Seychelles (former Director). OOH Researcher. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. The following organisations are Hub's partners since the proposal stage: - Research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; the University of South Pacific, Fiji and the University of Seychelles, Seychelles - Research partners in the Global North: University of Plymouth, UK and the University of Strathclyde, UK. The collaboration "Building blue capacity across the globe" has brought new partnership between the Hub with the Commonwealth of Learning, UK
Collaborator Contribution The Commonwealth of Learning empowers people through learning that leads to economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental conservation. The Commonwealth of Learning (COL) is an intergovernmental organisation created by Commonwealth Heads of Government in 1987 to promote the development and sharing of open learning and distance education knowledge, resources and technologies. COL's greatest impact is in supporting efforts to provide Commonwealth citizens greater access to quality education and training through open, distance and technology-enabled learning, thereby allowing them to benefit from improved livelihoods, greater gender equity and overall economic, social and cultural development leading to sustainable development. The COL hosts a MOOC platform that provides a good learning experience at low bandwidth and offline where necessary. The COL partnered with University of Seychelles on the development of a MOOC series composed of four parts: • MOOC1: The Blue Economy: Sustainability, innovation and our ocean (Jun 2020) • MOOC2: The Blue Economy: Creating an Enabling Environment (Aug 2020) • MOOC3: The Blue Economy: Blue Resources (Jan 2021) • MOOC4: The Blue Economy: Blue Space (March 2021) This MOOCs introduced key blue economy sectors that can be developed, for example, Fisheries, Aquaculture, Marine Renewable Energy, Seabed Mining and Marine Biotechnology. The course also explores some of the key considerations that influence the sustainability of individual sectors and blue economy strategies as a whole, such as gender equality and human rights. The course is hosted on the COL MOOCs for Development Website, and facilitated via the Commonwealth of Learning. Relevant links: https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy1 https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy2 https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy3 https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy4 The collaboration "Building blue capacity across the globe" has brought societal impact. "The Blue Economy: Sustainability Innovation and Our Ocean" MOOC was updated and held for a second time starting on 29 October 2023 for five weeks in collaboration with the Commonwealth of Learning and the University of Seychelles James Michel Blue Economy Research Institute. This course was an introductory course exploring the foundational components of the blue economy. The course forms one of four courses that the Commonwealth of Learning and the University of Seychelles James Michel Blue Economy Research Institute are hoping to update and offer (https://www.mooc4dev.org/blueeconomy1). The Once Ocean Hub and its knowledge products and experts have supported the development of the original four-part series and the Hub features strongly in the last three courses, but this latest offering of Course 1 was updated to include some of the more recent knowledge products produced by the Hub (Week 3: Blue Economy Knowledge Support, Activity 3.1, more information is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/7uhifsbh002h36sik33249vpg9). These illustrate underrepresented components (e.g. culture and community) of the blue economy in an innovative way that the students can relate to, helping them thing critically about the blue economy. The Hub has been inspirational for many young students that the Commonwealth of Learning and the University of Seychelles. It provides a space that captures key concerns and priorities for young academics (concerned with their future) and diverse learners and practitioners in a tangible way. 311 students (146 female; 165 male) from across the globe complete the course successfully with many more engaging with the material in an informal way. More information about course participants is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/btco7dkufke3vmfpfknolr2dmi. "The Blue Economy Knowledge Support" session includes the following Hub's knowledge products including: • One Ocean Hub: The Ocean and Climate Change (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGqWCd9UR2Y) • The Blue Blanket (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UBubIpCWuk) • Deep Connections | The Importance of Culturally Significant Areas in South Africa's marine space (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fgANwAFm9I) • Defenders of the Ocean (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY)
Impact This partnership led to the development of 17 modules as part of the series of MOOCs on the Blue Economy. Benefitting from the interdisciplinary global network of the One Ocean Hub, these MOOCs take an interdisciplinary holistic view of the Blue Economy, across key sectors for blue economy development: Fisheries, Aquaculture, Marine Renewable Energy, Seabed Mining and Marine Biotechnology, and they also build in crosscutting issues linked to sustainability, governance, finance, culture and gender. This is an introductory course for persons from various backgrounds, both technical and non-technical. The One Ocean Hub' modules for the MOOC series include: 1. The Blue Economy and the Law of the Sea by Associate Professor Daniela Diz (Heriot-Watt University, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmgfBWEiLDg 2. Natural Capital and the Blue Economy by Dr Sian Rees (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=YD3RUBlwFCE&feature=youtu.be 3. Integrated Ocean Management by Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKm03jOf7Is 4. Integrated Ocean Management: South African Case Study by Dr Bernadette Snow (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa and University of Strathclyde, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=fx0c4nxSgl0&feature=youtu.be 5. Applying a systems analysis approach to support Integrated Ocean Management and Marine Spatial Planning in Algoa Bay, South Africa by Dr Estee Vermeulen (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUZv-eGaZLM 6. Knowledge Co-Production by Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfErzDwW6ms 7. Human Rights and the Blue Economy by Professor Elisa Morgera ( University of Strathclyde, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cv4xHRoRJI0 8. Gender, Culture and the Blue Economy by Professor Rose Boswell (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mbfBHU8QObY 9. Division of Labour Case Study by Dr Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, South Africa). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GYQ10m-CKo 10. Sustainable Fisheries by Dr Alexander Winkler (Rhodes University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AAa9IlCCxLo 11. Deep Seabed Mining Part 1 by Dr Kirsty McQuaid (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtFnDpK02-Y 12. Deep Seabed Mining Part 2 by Dr Kirsty McQuaid (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwvQXWAY-Gg 13. Offshore Renewable Energy by Professor Martin Attrill ( University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZHgsRmEbng 14. Marine Biotechnology by Professor Kerry Howell (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMu3kLIKUoI 15. Case Study: Marine Biotechnology by Professor Mathew Upton (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6P0uw8Hm_eI 16. Maritime Transport and Ports Part 1 by Associate Professor Pierre Jean Bordahandy (University of South Pacific, Fiji). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjMLX8E7h_s 17. Maritime Transport and Ports Part 2 by Associate Professor Pierre Jean Bordahandy (University of South Pacific, Fiji). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hEt_LQEtXrM A blogpost summarising researchers' reflection on the MOOC series can be found here: https://oneoceanhub.org/reflections-on-the-blue-economy-massive-open-online-course-series/ Disciplines Involved: Law Anthropology Art Marine Science Sociology Development Studies
Start Year 2020
 
Description Building blue capacity across the globe 
Organisation University of the South Pacific, Laucala
Country Fiji 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution One Ocean Hub project partner, the University of Seychelles, led the development and facilitation of four massive open online courses (MOOC) on the blue economy. The courses are being offered by Blue Economy Research Institute - University of Seychelles in collaboration with the Commonwealth of Learning. The MOOCs were developed by the University of Seychelles working with researchers from across the Hub network in conceptualizing parts of the course, developing and delivering modules. The University of Seychelles and the Commonwealth of Learning developed the overall concept and content outline and Hub researchers provided technical content collation and delivery. In total 15 Hub researchers contributed to develop a four-part Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) series on the Blue Economy, attracting around ~1500 participants (~46% women), from various continents and island nations. the online format was designed to enable inclusivity, operating across time zones and caring commitments. The series was run from Jun 2020 to April 2021, reaching over ~1500 participants in over ~70 countries globally. On average ~98% of post-course survey respondents indicated they would recommend the MOOC to colleagues. Courses have drawn on expertise from across all Hub regions and disciplines: Dr Holly Niner, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. (Teaching Assistant for the MOOC). OOH Knowledge Exchange Fellow Prof Kerry Howell, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Co-Director Dr Kirsty McQuaid, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Post Doctoral Researcher Prof Martin Attril, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Researcher Prof Mathew Upton, University of Plymouth, Marine Conservation Research Group. OOH Researcher. Dr Dylan McGarry, Rhodes University, South Africa. Environmental Learning Research Centre. OOH Co-Director Dr Alex Winkler, Rhodes University, South Africa. Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science. OOH Researcher Prof Pierre-Jean Bordahandy, the University of South Pacific. OOH Researcher Prof Rose Boswell, Nelson Mandela University, Research Chair in Ocean Cultures and Heritage. OOH Researcher Dr Bernadette Snow, University of Strathclyde, OOH Deputy Director Mia Strand, Nelson Mandela University. Department of Development Studies. OOH PhD Student Dr Daniela Diz, Heriot Watt University, School of Energy and Geoscience. OOH Researcher Prof Elisa Morgera, University of Strathclyde. OOH Director and PI Mrs Kelly Hoareau, Blue Economy Research Institute, Seychelles (former Director). OOH Researcher. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. The following organisations are Hub's partners since the proposal stage: - Research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; the University of South Pacific, Fiji and the University of Seychelles, Seychelles - Research partners in the Global North: University of Plymouth, UK and the University of Strathclyde, UK. The collaboration "Building blue capacity across the globe" has brought new partnership between the Hub with the Commonwealth of Learning, UK
Collaborator Contribution The Commonwealth of Learning empowers people through learning that leads to economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental conservation. The Commonwealth of Learning (COL) is an intergovernmental organisation created by Commonwealth Heads of Government in 1987 to promote the development and sharing of open learning and distance education knowledge, resources and technologies. COL's greatest impact is in supporting efforts to provide Commonwealth citizens greater access to quality education and training through open, distance and technology-enabled learning, thereby allowing them to benefit from improved livelihoods, greater gender equity and overall economic, social and cultural development leading to sustainable development. The COL hosts a MOOC platform that provides a good learning experience at low bandwidth and offline where necessary. The COL partnered with University of Seychelles on the development of a MOOC series composed of four parts: • MOOC1: The Blue Economy: Sustainability, innovation and our ocean (Jun 2020) • MOOC2: The Blue Economy: Creating an Enabling Environment (Aug 2020) • MOOC3: The Blue Economy: Blue Resources (Jan 2021) • MOOC4: The Blue Economy: Blue Space (March 2021) This MOOCs introduced key blue economy sectors that can be developed, for example, Fisheries, Aquaculture, Marine Renewable Energy, Seabed Mining and Marine Biotechnology. The course also explores some of the key considerations that influence the sustainability of individual sectors and blue economy strategies as a whole, such as gender equality and human rights. The course is hosted on the COL MOOCs for Development Website, and facilitated via the Commonwealth of Learning. Relevant links: https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy1 https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy2 https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy3 https://www.mooc4dev.org/BlueEconomy4 The collaboration "Building blue capacity across the globe" has brought societal impact. "The Blue Economy: Sustainability Innovation and Our Ocean" MOOC was updated and held for a second time starting on 29 October 2023 for five weeks in collaboration with the Commonwealth of Learning and the University of Seychelles James Michel Blue Economy Research Institute. This course was an introductory course exploring the foundational components of the blue economy. The course forms one of four courses that the Commonwealth of Learning and the University of Seychelles James Michel Blue Economy Research Institute are hoping to update and offer (https://www.mooc4dev.org/blueeconomy1). The Once Ocean Hub and its knowledge products and experts have supported the development of the original four-part series and the Hub features strongly in the last three courses, but this latest offering of Course 1 was updated to include some of the more recent knowledge products produced by the Hub (Week 3: Blue Economy Knowledge Support, Activity 3.1, more information is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/7uhifsbh002h36sik33249vpg9). These illustrate underrepresented components (e.g. culture and community) of the blue economy in an innovative way that the students can relate to, helping them thing critically about the blue economy. The Hub has been inspirational for many young students that the Commonwealth of Learning and the University of Seychelles. It provides a space that captures key concerns and priorities for young academics (concerned with their future) and diverse learners and practitioners in a tangible way. 311 students (146 female; 165 male) from across the globe complete the course successfully with many more engaging with the material in an informal way. More information about course participants is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/btco7dkufke3vmfpfknolr2dmi. "The Blue Economy Knowledge Support" session includes the following Hub's knowledge products including: • One Ocean Hub: The Ocean and Climate Change (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGqWCd9UR2Y) • The Blue Blanket (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UBubIpCWuk) • Deep Connections | The Importance of Culturally Significant Areas in South Africa's marine space (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fgANwAFm9I) • Defenders of the Ocean (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agb9LCYhmWY)
Impact This partnership led to the development of 17 modules as part of the series of MOOCs on the Blue Economy. Benefitting from the interdisciplinary global network of the One Ocean Hub, these MOOCs take an interdisciplinary holistic view of the Blue Economy, across key sectors for blue economy development: Fisheries, Aquaculture, Marine Renewable Energy, Seabed Mining and Marine Biotechnology, and they also build in crosscutting issues linked to sustainability, governance, finance, culture and gender. This is an introductory course for persons from various backgrounds, both technical and non-technical. The One Ocean Hub' modules for the MOOC series include: 1. The Blue Economy and the Law of the Sea by Associate Professor Daniela Diz (Heriot-Watt University, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmgfBWEiLDg 2. Natural Capital and the Blue Economy by Dr Sian Rees (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=YD3RUBlwFCE&feature=youtu.be 3. Integrated Ocean Management by Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKm03jOf7Is 4. Integrated Ocean Management: South African Case Study by Dr Bernadette Snow (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa and University of Strathclyde, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=fx0c4nxSgl0&feature=youtu.be 5. Applying a systems analysis approach to support Integrated Ocean Management and Marine Spatial Planning in Algoa Bay, South Africa by Dr Estee Vermeulen (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUZv-eGaZLM 6. Knowledge Co-Production by Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfErzDwW6ms 7. Human Rights and the Blue Economy by Professor Elisa Morgera ( University of Strathclyde, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cv4xHRoRJI0 8. Gender, Culture and the Blue Economy by Professor Rose Boswell (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mbfBHU8QObY 9. Division of Labour Case Study by Dr Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, South Africa). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GYQ10m-CKo 10. Sustainable Fisheries by Dr Alexander Winkler (Rhodes University, South Africa) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AAa9IlCCxLo 11. Deep Seabed Mining Part 1 by Dr Kirsty McQuaid (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtFnDpK02-Y 12. Deep Seabed Mining Part 2 by Dr Kirsty McQuaid (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwvQXWAY-Gg 13. Offshore Renewable Energy by Professor Martin Attrill ( University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZHgsRmEbng 14. Marine Biotechnology by Professor Kerry Howell (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMu3kLIKUoI 15. Case Study: Marine Biotechnology by Professor Mathew Upton (University of Plymouth, UK) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6P0uw8Hm_eI 16. Maritime Transport and Ports Part 1 by Associate Professor Pierre Jean Bordahandy (University of South Pacific, Fiji). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjMLX8E7h_s 17. Maritime Transport and Ports Part 2 by Associate Professor Pierre Jean Bordahandy (University of South Pacific, Fiji). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hEt_LQEtXrM A blogpost summarising researchers' reflection on the MOOC series can be found here: https://oneoceanhub.org/reflections-on-the-blue-economy-massive-open-online-course-series/ Disciplines Involved: Law Anthropology Art Marine Science Sociology Development Studies
Start Year 2020
 
Description COLLABORATION IN DEVELOPING THE ALGOA MARINE SYSTEMS ANALYSIS TOOL (AlgoaMSAT) 
Organisation Government of South Africa
Department Department of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries (DAFF)
Country South Africa 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution As part of multi-funded Algoa Bay project: A government-funded Community of Practice project is designed to develop a marine plan for a pilot site (Algoa Bay) in South Africa. This project aims to develop a local-scale case Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) plan for Algoa Bay that will inform the development of Marine Area Plans for the four larger areas that will be consolidated into the National MSP. Within this, the Hub specifically is contributing to systems modelling for the project, and offshore ecosystem mapping and valuation. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: - Research partners in the Global South: Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; Rhodes University, South Africa - The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include 12 new partner organisation based in South Africa including South African Maritime Safety Authority; South Africa Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries; Nelson Mandela Bay Maritime Cluster; and Nelson Mandela Bay Tourism; Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds; Sustainable Seas Trust; South African National Parks; Bayworld; CEN; National Research Foundation, South African Environmental Observation Network, and South African International Maritime Institute. For more detailed information please see the section below on contributions made by partners.
Collaborator Contribution The foundation of a healthy marine environment is central both in reducing carbon and helping people to adapt and mitigate the impacts of climate change. Algoa Bay, South Africa, features a metropolitan area, protected natural area, and hosts a range of marine uses that are closely interconnected with the health of the marine system. Future trajectories of marine uses and related marine sustainability goals will develop according to shifting needs of various sectors operating in the bay. This project has explored these trends and the underlying feedback effects driving changes between marine uses and the marine environment by developing the Algoa Marine Systems Analysis Tool (AlgoaMSAT), an exploratory system dynamics model. The development of the model is led by researchers at Nelson Mandela University and include collaboration with partners from research institutions in South Africa (Rhodes University, National Research Foundation, South African Environmental Observation Network, and South African International Maritime Institute), five local and state institutions (the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality; South African Maritime Safety Authority; South Africa Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries; Nelson Mandela Bay Maritime Cluster; and Nelson Mandela Bay Tourism) and five non-profit organisations (Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds; Sustainable Seas Trust; South African National Parks; Bayworld and CEN). Throughout 2021 stakeholder engagement was completed in three stages (1) one-one meetings, (2) Group Mapping Meeting, (3) Final model demonstration and product sharing workshop with state and non-state organisations listed above. The model is used to investigate trends and the sustainability of selected marine uses under alternative scenarios over time. System dynamics modelling (SDM) is the primary modelling method adopted in this study. Model development was conducted using Stella Architect software on a Windows system. The modelling stage entailed consultation with stakeholders, and iteratively parameterising, simulating, revising, verification and validating the model. This collaboration has achieved policy and public services impacts as it enabled the co-production of this online tool with stakeholders from various sectors (e.g. tourism, fisheries, shipping) operating in Algoa Bay to assess ability to respond to climate change through human, legal/policy, and environmental resources, integrating social sciences, climate science, conservation biology, social-ecological systems, and ecology. An impact expansion project using information from AlgoaMSAT further explored, impact and scenarios of COVID on the tourism industry in the Bay (led by Nelson Mandela University). The model and visual user interface was recognised by being awarded First Place in the 4th Annual South African System Dynamics competition (2021) and winning the Global Challenges University Alliance (GCUA 2030) Award.
Impact This project produced new and novel decision-support tools in support of integrated ocean management processes, such as Marine Spatial Planning, in response to the growing need to acknowledge and better manage complex human-ocean interactions in the face of changing climate. The AlgoaMSAT model integrates different uses of marine spaces including shipping, mariculture, fishing, tourism and recreation and land discharge activities. See: https://exchange.iseesystems.com/public/esteevermeulen/the-algoa-marine-systems-analysis-tool-algoamsat-user-interface/index.html#page1. The additional output of the research project and in complement to the AlgoaMSAT model is the visual user interface (VUI) that has been developed for purpose of providing a 'user-friendly' portal to engage with the model, specifically for users who are unfamiliar with the method of SDM or do not have access to the model software. Decision-makers or stakeholders can therefore investigate model scenarios by adjusting the inclusive model variables through 'levers' on the interface. The VUI can additionally be used in a multi- sectoral stakeholder setting, whereby stakeholders representing different marine uses can implement alternative management interventions and thereby compare scenarios. See: https://www.algoabayproject.com/abcodym. The project is also unique due to its inter-and trans-diciplinary nature, involving researchers from different disciplines (economic, sociology, marine science) and working with stakeholders including representatives of small-scale fishers, businesses, government institutions and non-profit organisations. The involvement of stakeholders in the project that assisted in model formulation and verification provided 'real-world' representation of the social-ecological marine system in Algoa Bay and insights on how the model can be applied in a sectoral and multi-sectoral stakeholder setting to support collaborative engagement and planning during integrated ocean management and marine spatial planning processes. Algoa Bay model: https://www.algoabayproject.com/abcodym User Interface: https://exchange.iseesystems.com/public/esteevermeulen/the-algoa-marine-systems-analysis-tool-algoamsat-user-interface/index.html#page1. Papers Vermeulen-Miltz, E.; Clifford-Holmes, J.K.; Snow, B.; Lombard, A.T. Exploring the Impacts of COVID-19 on Coastal Tourism to Inform Recovery Strategies in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa. Systems 2022, 10, 120. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10040120. Vermeulen-Miltz, E., Clifford-Holmes, J. K., Scharler, U. M., Lombard., A.T. A system dynamics model to support marine spatial planning in Algoa Bay, South Africa, Environmental Modelling & Software, Volume 160. (2023).105601, ISSN 1364-8152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2022.105601. Competitions First Place in the 4th Annual South African System Dynamics competition (2021) https://systemdynamics.org/event/4th-annual-system-dynamics-competition-by-the-south-africa-system-dynamics-chapter/. The Global Challenges University Alliance (GCUA 2030) Award, https://www.slu.se/en/ew-news/2022/1/gcua-2030-award-finalists/
Start Year 2019
 
Description COLLABORATION IN DEVELOPING THE ALGOA MARINE SYSTEMS ANALYSIS TOOL (AlgoaMSAT) 
Organisation Nelson Mandela University
Country South Africa 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution As part of multi-funded Algoa Bay project: A government-funded Community of Practice project is designed to develop a marine plan for a pilot site (Algoa Bay) in South Africa. This project aims to develop a local-scale case Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) plan for Algoa Bay that will inform the development of Marine Area Plans for the four larger areas that will be consolidated into the National MSP. Within this, the Hub specifically is contributing to systems modelling for the project, and offshore ecosystem mapping and valuation. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: - Research partners in the Global South: Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; Rhodes University, South Africa - The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include 12 new partner organisation based in South Africa including South African Maritime Safety Authority; South Africa Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries; Nelson Mandela Bay Maritime Cluster; and Nelson Mandela Bay Tourism; Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds; Sustainable Seas Trust; South African National Parks; Bayworld; CEN; National Research Foundation, South African Environmental Observation Network, and South African International Maritime Institute. For more detailed information please see the section below on contributions made by partners.
Collaborator Contribution The foundation of a healthy marine environment is central both in reducing carbon and helping people to adapt and mitigate the impacts of climate change. Algoa Bay, South Africa, features a metropolitan area, protected natural area, and hosts a range of marine uses that are closely interconnected with the health of the marine system. Future trajectories of marine uses and related marine sustainability goals will develop according to shifting needs of various sectors operating in the bay. This project has explored these trends and the underlying feedback effects driving changes between marine uses and the marine environment by developing the Algoa Marine Systems Analysis Tool (AlgoaMSAT), an exploratory system dynamics model. The development of the model is led by researchers at Nelson Mandela University and include collaboration with partners from research institutions in South Africa (Rhodes University, National Research Foundation, South African Environmental Observation Network, and South African International Maritime Institute), five local and state institutions (the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality; South African Maritime Safety Authority; South Africa Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries; Nelson Mandela Bay Maritime Cluster; and Nelson Mandela Bay Tourism) and five non-profit organisations (Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds; Sustainable Seas Trust; South African National Parks; Bayworld and CEN). Throughout 2021 stakeholder engagement was completed in three stages (1) one-one meetings, (2) Group Mapping Meeting, (3) Final model demonstration and product sharing workshop with state and non-state organisations listed above. The model is used to investigate trends and the sustainability of selected marine uses under alternative scenarios over time. System dynamics modelling (SDM) is the primary modelling method adopted in this study. Model development was conducted using Stella Architect software on a Windows system. The modelling stage entailed consultation with stakeholders, and iteratively parameterising, simulating, revising, verification and validating the model. This collaboration has achieved policy and public services impacts as it enabled the co-production of this online tool with stakeholders from various sectors (e.g. tourism, fisheries, shipping) operating in Algoa Bay to assess ability to respond to climate change through human, legal/policy, and environmental resources, integrating social sciences, climate science, conservation biology, social-ecological systems, and ecology. An impact expansion project using information from AlgoaMSAT further explored, impact and scenarios of COVID on the tourism industry in the Bay (led by Nelson Mandela University). The model and visual user interface was recognised by being awarded First Place in the 4th Annual South African System Dynamics competition (2021) and winning the Global Challenges University Alliance (GCUA 2030) Award.
Impact This project produced new and novel decision-support tools in support of integrated ocean management processes, such as Marine Spatial Planning, in response to the growing need to acknowledge and better manage complex human-ocean interactions in the face of changing climate. The AlgoaMSAT model integrates different uses of marine spaces including shipping, mariculture, fishing, tourism and recreation and land discharge activities. See: https://exchange.iseesystems.com/public/esteevermeulen/the-algoa-marine-systems-analysis-tool-algoamsat-user-interface/index.html#page1. The additional output of the research project and in complement to the AlgoaMSAT model is the visual user interface (VUI) that has been developed for purpose of providing a 'user-friendly' portal to engage with the model, specifically for users who are unfamiliar with the method of SDM or do not have access to the model software. Decision-makers or stakeholders can therefore investigate model scenarios by adjusting the inclusive model variables through 'levers' on the interface. The VUI can additionally be used in a multi- sectoral stakeholder setting, whereby stakeholders representing different marine uses can implement alternative management interventions and thereby compare scenarios. See: https://www.algoabayproject.com/abcodym. The project is also unique due to its inter-and trans-diciplinary nature, involving researchers from different disciplines (economic, sociology, marine science) and working with stakeholders including representatives of small-scale fishers, businesses, government institutions and non-profit organisations. The involvement of stakeholders in the project that assisted in model formulation and verification provided 'real-world' representation of the social-ecological marine system in Algoa Bay and insights on how the model can be applied in a sectoral and multi-sectoral stakeholder setting to support collaborative engagement and planning during integrated ocean management and marine spatial planning processes. Algoa Bay model: https://www.algoabayproject.com/abcodym User Interface: https://exchange.iseesystems.com/public/esteevermeulen/the-algoa-marine-systems-analysis-tool-algoamsat-user-interface/index.html#page1. Papers Vermeulen-Miltz, E.; Clifford-Holmes, J.K.; Snow, B.; Lombard, A.T. Exploring the Impacts of COVID-19 on Coastal Tourism to Inform Recovery Strategies in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa. Systems 2022, 10, 120. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10040120. Vermeulen-Miltz, E., Clifford-Holmes, J. K., Scharler, U. M., Lombard., A.T. A system dynamics model to support marine spatial planning in Algoa Bay, South Africa, Environmental Modelling & Software, Volume 160. (2023).105601, ISSN 1364-8152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2022.105601. Competitions First Place in the 4th Annual South African System Dynamics competition (2021) https://systemdynamics.org/event/4th-annual-system-dynamics-competition-by-the-south-africa-system-dynamics-chapter/. The Global Challenges University Alliance (GCUA 2030) Award, https://www.slu.se/en/ew-news/2022/1/gcua-2030-award-finalists/
Start Year 2019
 
Description COLLABORATION IN DEVELOPING THE ALGOA MARINE SYSTEMS ANALYSIS TOOL (AlgoaMSAT) 
Organisation South African Environmental Observation Network
Country South Africa 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution As part of multi-funded Algoa Bay project: A government-funded Community of Practice project is designed to develop a marine plan for a pilot site (Algoa Bay) in South Africa. This project aims to develop a local-scale case Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) plan for Algoa Bay that will inform the development of Marine Area Plans for the four larger areas that will be consolidated into the National MSP. Within this, the Hub specifically is contributing to systems modelling for the project, and offshore ecosystem mapping and valuation. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: - Research partners in the Global South: Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; Rhodes University, South Africa - The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include 12 new partner organisation based in South Africa including South African Maritime Safety Authority; South Africa Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries; Nelson Mandela Bay Maritime Cluster; and Nelson Mandela Bay Tourism; Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds; Sustainable Seas Trust; South African National Parks; Bayworld; CEN; National Research Foundation, South African Environmental Observation Network, and South African International Maritime Institute. For more detailed information please see the section below on contributions made by partners.
Collaborator Contribution The foundation of a healthy marine environment is central both in reducing carbon and helping people to adapt and mitigate the impacts of climate change. Algoa Bay, South Africa, features a metropolitan area, protected natural area, and hosts a range of marine uses that are closely interconnected with the health of the marine system. Future trajectories of marine uses and related marine sustainability goals will develop according to shifting needs of various sectors operating in the bay. This project has explored these trends and the underlying feedback effects driving changes between marine uses and the marine environment by developing the Algoa Marine Systems Analysis Tool (AlgoaMSAT), an exploratory system dynamics model. The development of the model is led by researchers at Nelson Mandela University and include collaboration with partners from research institutions in South Africa (Rhodes University, National Research Foundation, South African Environmental Observation Network, and South African International Maritime Institute), five local and state institutions (the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality; South African Maritime Safety Authority; South Africa Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries; Nelson Mandela Bay Maritime Cluster; and Nelson Mandela Bay Tourism) and five non-profit organisations (Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds; Sustainable Seas Trust; South African National Parks; Bayworld and CEN). Throughout 2021 stakeholder engagement was completed in three stages (1) one-one meetings, (2) Group Mapping Meeting, (3) Final model demonstration and product sharing workshop with state and non-state organisations listed above. The model is used to investigate trends and the sustainability of selected marine uses under alternative scenarios over time. System dynamics modelling (SDM) is the primary modelling method adopted in this study. Model development was conducted using Stella Architect software on a Windows system. The modelling stage entailed consultation with stakeholders, and iteratively parameterising, simulating, revising, verification and validating the model. This collaboration has achieved policy and public services impacts as it enabled the co-production of this online tool with stakeholders from various sectors (e.g. tourism, fisheries, shipping) operating in Algoa Bay to assess ability to respond to climate change through human, legal/policy, and environmental resources, integrating social sciences, climate science, conservation biology, social-ecological systems, and ecology. An impact expansion project using information from AlgoaMSAT further explored, impact and scenarios of COVID on the tourism industry in the Bay (led by Nelson Mandela University). The model and visual user interface was recognised by being awarded First Place in the 4th Annual South African System Dynamics competition (2021) and winning the Global Challenges University Alliance (GCUA 2030) Award.
Impact This project produced new and novel decision-support tools in support of integrated ocean management processes, such as Marine Spatial Planning, in response to the growing need to acknowledge and better manage complex human-ocean interactions in the face of changing climate. The AlgoaMSAT model integrates different uses of marine spaces including shipping, mariculture, fishing, tourism and recreation and land discharge activities. See: https://exchange.iseesystems.com/public/esteevermeulen/the-algoa-marine-systems-analysis-tool-algoamsat-user-interface/index.html#page1. The additional output of the research project and in complement to the AlgoaMSAT model is the visual user interface (VUI) that has been developed for purpose of providing a 'user-friendly' portal to engage with the model, specifically for users who are unfamiliar with the method of SDM or do not have access to the model software. Decision-makers or stakeholders can therefore investigate model scenarios by adjusting the inclusive model variables through 'levers' on the interface. The VUI can additionally be used in a multi- sectoral stakeholder setting, whereby stakeholders representing different marine uses can implement alternative management interventions and thereby compare scenarios. See: https://www.algoabayproject.com/abcodym. The project is also unique due to its inter-and trans-diciplinary nature, involving researchers from different disciplines (economic, sociology, marine science) and working with stakeholders including representatives of small-scale fishers, businesses, government institutions and non-profit organisations. The involvement of stakeholders in the project that assisted in model formulation and verification provided 'real-world' representation of the social-ecological marine system in Algoa Bay and insights on how the model can be applied in a sectoral and multi-sectoral stakeholder setting to support collaborative engagement and planning during integrated ocean management and marine spatial planning processes. Algoa Bay model: https://www.algoabayproject.com/abcodym User Interface: https://exchange.iseesystems.com/public/esteevermeulen/the-algoa-marine-systems-analysis-tool-algoamsat-user-interface/index.html#page1. Papers Vermeulen-Miltz, E.; Clifford-Holmes, J.K.; Snow, B.; Lombard, A.T. Exploring the Impacts of COVID-19 on Coastal Tourism to Inform Recovery Strategies in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa. Systems 2022, 10, 120. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10040120. Vermeulen-Miltz, E., Clifford-Holmes, J. K., Scharler, U. M., Lombard., A.T. A system dynamics model to support marine spatial planning in Algoa Bay, South Africa, Environmental Modelling & Software, Volume 160. (2023).105601, ISSN 1364-8152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2022.105601. Competitions First Place in the 4th Annual South African System Dynamics competition (2021) https://systemdynamics.org/event/4th-annual-system-dynamics-competition-by-the-south-africa-system-dynamics-chapter/. The Global Challenges University Alliance (GCUA 2030) Award, https://www.slu.se/en/ew-news/2022/1/gcua-2030-award-finalists/
Start Year 2019
 
Description COLLABORATION IN DEVELOPING THE ALGOA MARINE SYSTEMS ANALYSIS TOOL (AlgoaMSAT) 
Organisation South African National Research Foundation (NRF)
Country South Africa 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution As part of multi-funded Algoa Bay project: A government-funded Community of Practice project is designed to develop a marine plan for a pilot site (Algoa Bay) in South Africa. This project aims to develop a local-scale case Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) plan for Algoa Bay that will inform the development of Marine Area Plans for the four larger areas that will be consolidated into the National MSP. Within this, the Hub specifically is contributing to systems modelling for the project, and offshore ecosystem mapping and valuation. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: - Research partners in the Global South: Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; Rhodes University, South Africa - The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include 12 new partner organisation based in South Africa including South African Maritime Safety Authority; South Africa Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries; Nelson Mandela Bay Maritime Cluster; and Nelson Mandela Bay Tourism; Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds; Sustainable Seas Trust; South African National Parks; Bayworld; CEN; National Research Foundation, South African Environmental Observation Network, and South African International Maritime Institute. For more detailed information please see the section below on contributions made by partners.
Collaborator Contribution The foundation of a healthy marine environment is central both in reducing carbon and helping people to adapt and mitigate the impacts of climate change. Algoa Bay, South Africa, features a metropolitan area, protected natural area, and hosts a range of marine uses that are closely interconnected with the health of the marine system. Future trajectories of marine uses and related marine sustainability goals will develop according to shifting needs of various sectors operating in the bay. This project has explored these trends and the underlying feedback effects driving changes between marine uses and the marine environment by developing the Algoa Marine Systems Analysis Tool (AlgoaMSAT), an exploratory system dynamics model. The development of the model is led by researchers at Nelson Mandela University and include collaboration with partners from research institutions in South Africa (Rhodes University, National Research Foundation, South African Environmental Observation Network, and South African International Maritime Institute), five local and state institutions (the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality; South African Maritime Safety Authority; South Africa Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries; Nelson Mandela Bay Maritime Cluster; and Nelson Mandela Bay Tourism) and five non-profit organisations (Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds; Sustainable Seas Trust; South African National Parks; Bayworld and CEN). Throughout 2021 stakeholder engagement was completed in three stages (1) one-one meetings, (2) Group Mapping Meeting, (3) Final model demonstration and product sharing workshop with state and non-state organisations listed above. The model is used to investigate trends and the sustainability of selected marine uses under alternative scenarios over time. System dynamics modelling (SDM) is the primary modelling method adopted in this study. Model development was conducted using Stella Architect software on a Windows system. The modelling stage entailed consultation with stakeholders, and iteratively parameterising, simulating, revising, verification and validating the model. This collaboration has achieved policy and public services impacts as it enabled the co-production of this online tool with stakeholders from various sectors (e.g. tourism, fisheries, shipping) operating in Algoa Bay to assess ability to respond to climate change through human, legal/policy, and environmental resources, integrating social sciences, climate science, conservation biology, social-ecological systems, and ecology. An impact expansion project using information from AlgoaMSAT further explored, impact and scenarios of COVID on the tourism industry in the Bay (led by Nelson Mandela University). The model and visual user interface was recognised by being awarded First Place in the 4th Annual South African System Dynamics competition (2021) and winning the Global Challenges University Alliance (GCUA 2030) Award.
Impact This project produced new and novel decision-support tools in support of integrated ocean management processes, such as Marine Spatial Planning, in response to the growing need to acknowledge and better manage complex human-ocean interactions in the face of changing climate. The AlgoaMSAT model integrates different uses of marine spaces including shipping, mariculture, fishing, tourism and recreation and land discharge activities. See: https://exchange.iseesystems.com/public/esteevermeulen/the-algoa-marine-systems-analysis-tool-algoamsat-user-interface/index.html#page1. The additional output of the research project and in complement to the AlgoaMSAT model is the visual user interface (VUI) that has been developed for purpose of providing a 'user-friendly' portal to engage with the model, specifically for users who are unfamiliar with the method of SDM or do not have access to the model software. Decision-makers or stakeholders can therefore investigate model scenarios by adjusting the inclusive model variables through 'levers' on the interface. The VUI can additionally be used in a multi- sectoral stakeholder setting, whereby stakeholders representing different marine uses can implement alternative management interventions and thereby compare scenarios. See: https://www.algoabayproject.com/abcodym. The project is also unique due to its inter-and trans-diciplinary nature, involving researchers from different disciplines (economic, sociology, marine science) and working with stakeholders including representatives of small-scale fishers, businesses, government institutions and non-profit organisations. The involvement of stakeholders in the project that assisted in model formulation and verification provided 'real-world' representation of the social-ecological marine system in Algoa Bay and insights on how the model can be applied in a sectoral and multi-sectoral stakeholder setting to support collaborative engagement and planning during integrated ocean management and marine spatial planning processes. Algoa Bay model: https://www.algoabayproject.com/abcodym User Interface: https://exchange.iseesystems.com/public/esteevermeulen/the-algoa-marine-systems-analysis-tool-algoamsat-user-interface/index.html#page1. Papers Vermeulen-Miltz, E.; Clifford-Holmes, J.K.; Snow, B.; Lombard, A.T. Exploring the Impacts of COVID-19 on Coastal Tourism to Inform Recovery Strategies in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa. Systems 2022, 10, 120. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10040120. Vermeulen-Miltz, E., Clifford-Holmes, J. K., Scharler, U. M., Lombard., A.T. A system dynamics model to support marine spatial planning in Algoa Bay, South Africa, Environmental Modelling & Software, Volume 160. (2023).105601, ISSN 1364-8152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2022.105601. Competitions First Place in the 4th Annual South African System Dynamics competition (2021) https://systemdynamics.org/event/4th-annual-system-dynamics-competition-by-the-south-africa-system-dynamics-chapter/. The Global Challenges University Alliance (GCUA 2030) Award, https://www.slu.se/en/ew-news/2022/1/gcua-2030-award-finalists/
Start Year 2019
 
Description CONNECTING EFFORTS ON EQUITY IN OCEAN SCIENCE AND GOVERNANCE INTERNATIONALLY 
Organisation Association of Commonwealth Universities
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution Ocean Nexus is a research centre funded by the Nippon Foundation of Japan that supports more inclusive ocean governance, so that it includes the voices of ocean communities. The partnership between Ocean Nexus and the Hub started in November 2021 at the initiative of Ocean Nexus, which invited the Hub to deliver a presentation on ocean plastics and human rights at a webinar for the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development on ocean plastics and equity ("The Equity Puzzle of Ocean Litter" on 17 November 2021). This panel was presented by Ocean Voices, a UN Ocean Decade-endorsed action program within the Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center. The panel provided an opportunity for the Hub to connect with other research projects and civil-society initiatives in other regions. It was then followed up in 2022 and 2023 by the co-development of a joint programme of work on ocean plastics and equity for the UN Decade. The preparatory conversation for the event led Ocean Nexus to identify other related areas of international collaboration with the Hub, in relation to the UN Decade in particular, on which to complement respective research and stakeholder engagements, in recognition of the unique contributions of the Hub on human rights and innovative transdisciplinary methodologies. The areas of future collaboration encompass: (1) research co-development, (2) human rights of the child, and (3) blue economy. In February 2022, the Hub and Ocean Nexus planned a joint seminar on research co-development (scheduled in May 2022) for the UN Decade for Ocean Science to showcase Hub research to: unveil the policy and legal dimension to co-development in research (legal obligations, including from a human rights perspective, on how to do research), highlight responsibility of donors to promote good practices and transformative ocean science through co-development; and advance understanding about complexities at local level in co-development of research (e.g. the importance of code of ethics, legal components in research to protect stakeholders, the need for meaningful engagement with stakeholder - not the usual 'stakeholder consultation'). The joint seminar "Co-designing the Decade for equitable outcomes," was held on 11 May 2022 as part of the Ocean Voices program in the Decade "Ocean Decade Laboratory" (See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax7bVwvQ8So). On 28 June 2022, the Hub and Ocean Nexus together with other partners including the University of Strathclyde, Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), World Wide Fund for Nature, Association of Commonwealth Universities, the Danish Institute for Human Rights, and the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) co-organised a joint side-event titled "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies" at the second UN Ocean Conference in Lisbon, Portugal. The event started with the screening of the Hub's film on Ghanaian women fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA) followed by a panel discussion on the contentious human rights issues surfacing as blue economy developments expand at scale (https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/). Hub Director, Prof Elisa Morgera, was also invited to the Ocean Nexus' launching of a 4-month Marine Plastic Pollution (MPP) Roadmap Development Project in June 2022. Ocean Nexus was convening an international, multisector group of experts to co-develop between July and November 2022 a 10-year strategic plan to address this issue (https://oceannexus.uw.edu/equity-marine-plastic-pollution-report/). This partnership led Ocean Nexus to mobilise funding for a joint one-year postdoc with the Hub (University of Strathclyde and Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) to further develop children's human rights and ocean literacy as part of the broader program on ocean equity. This provided an opportunity to continue work initiated under the Hub for a PhD student at Nelson Mandela University, Mia Strand. Mia Strand research explores cognitive justice and equity in ocean literacies and children's rights to a healthy ocean. Beyond crucial aspects to all life such as oxygen production, the water cycle, climate regulation, and global food production, a healthy ocean is fundamental to children's wellbeing across the globe, in securing a happy and healthy early years' experience and supporting the transition into adulthood, and their access to sociocultural aspects such as cultural heritage, Indigenous knowledge systems, play and traditions that are inextricably linked to a healthy ocean. However, ocean literacy efforts are often criticised for being didactic, positivistic and science-heavy, focusing on increasing people's (and specifically children's) knowledge of the biophysical aspects of marine ecosystems as understood from a largely Western academic standpoint (see Strand et al., 2023 available from https://brill.com/view/journals/chil/31/4/article-p941_008.xml). UNESCO (2018, available from here: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000260721) has even criticised their own approaches and ocean literacy toolkit, arguing that the work was absent of the voices of Indigenous and local knowledge systems, communities and people in the Global South. Working closely with the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) as a partner organisation, Mia will investigate how ocean literacies efforts can better situate the experiences of children in specific contexts, and emphasise the embodied and place-based influence on children's priorities for, understandings of and interests in a healthy ocean. The research will centre arts-based research approaches such as storytelling, and reflect on ethics and equity in knowledge co-production processes such as transdisciplinarity and participatory approaches. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON), South Africa. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in the Global North: the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Italy. This collaboration include new partnerships with the following organisations: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), Fiji. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: The Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, US; World Wide Fund for Nature, Italy; Association of Commonwealth Universities, UK.
Collaborator Contribution Ocean Nexus seeks to advance ocean research on equity, with projects also in African countries. It has an extensive international network of partners and already an established position within the UN Decade for Ocean Science. It is leading the UN Decade Programme "Ocean Voices - Advancing equity through the Decade" that focuses on inter-disciplinary solutions-oriented research to advancing understanding of problems facing ocean-dependent communities (see: https://oceannexus.uw.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/2021/11/16_Ocean-Voices_Factsheet.pdf). Ocean Nexus expressed willingness to amplify the key messages and methods arising from the One Ocean Hub as original and innovative in the international ocean research landscape, as it shares the same ethos of the Hub to ensure complementarity and avoid duplication of efforts among different research projects. The One Ocean Hub has initially been asked to share expertise, findings, and approaches on human rights via the University of Strathclyde. Hub Director Elisa Morgera has been recognised as a Research Associate of Ocean Nexus (https://oceannexus.uw.edu/about/people/fellows/), which is described as: "The associates are passionate and open-mind to the critical perspectives and sincere to our goal to promote community voices and needs while maintaining academic rigor to continue the effort rather than providing one-stop tools or guidelines. Ocean Nexus honors those researchers who are pushing the boundary in research and recognize that ocean issues are equity/equality issues, and we must act reflexively on our past and current injustice and inequality for urgent changes in systemic and structural injustice." In May 2022, the Hub and Ocean Nexus co-organised a workshop on research co-development for the UN Decade for Ocean Science (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax7bVwvQ8S). The One Ocean Hub's contributions focused on: the process of co-developing the Hub's Code of Practice and learning from its implementation, and on innovative practices and arts-based approaches to transdisciplinary research and stakeholder engagement. Throughout 2022 Ocean Nexus also facilitated connections between: a postdoctoral researcher based at Ocean Nexus who is conducting research on human rights in fisheries in Ghana with the One Ocean Hub's Ghana team to explore collaboration on sustainable fisheries (see other entry under Collaborations); and Hub researchers working on blue economy with Ocean Nexus team who is working on UNEP Blue Economy Index, with a view to supporting Hub research to inform the development of the Index. In addition, as Ocean Nexus's focus region for blue economy research is the Caribbean, which aligns with the Hub's legacy in the same region, Ocean Nexus is interested to build upon the Hub's research findings and experience in conducting research on blue economy in South Africa, Ghana, and Namibia to support jointly cross-regional learning. In 2023, Ocean Nexus provided funding to the One Ocean Hub to advance the collaboration between the two organisations: they have funded Hub's early-career researcher Dr Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) for a shared 1-year Postdoctoral Fellow starting in January 2024 (to be based at the One Ocean Hub) to focus on human rights of the children and ocean-related health issues. The funding provided by Ocean Nexus include salary and benefits for the Fellow (60-65,000 USD), research support (10-15,000 USD), institutional overhead (10% of the direct cost) and additional research support funding (up to 5,000 USD) to be allocated toward hiring student research assistants at the host institute (Nelson Mandela University) in support of the Fellow's work. The collaboration "Connecting efforts on equity in ocean science and governance internationally" brough policy and public services impacts through its direct contributions in shaping UN Decade for Ocean Science practices in advancing equity in ocean governance that focuses on inter-and-trans- disciplinary solutions-oriented research. The series of two workshops on research co-development and marine plastics and the joint side-event for the UN Ocean Conference co-organised by the Hub, Ocean Nexus and other partners involved in this collaboration advanced the understanding of policy issues, methods, and best practices around ocean research co-development and science-policy interface. Both the Hub and Ocean Nexus have established positions within the UN Decade for Ocean Science with Ocean Nexus leading UN Decade Programme "Ocean Voices - Advancing equity through the Decade" and the Hub's role as the Decade Implementing Partner focusing on transdiciplinarity. The collaboration also delivered demonstrable societal impact as all the two joint workshops and the side-event for the UN Ocean Conference built capacity for over 220 environmental activists, lawyers, governments, regional and international organisations, students, researchers, and general public to advance understanding of the factors influencing the contribution of ocean science and critically identify barriers and enabling conditions for equity, fairness and justice in ocean science for sustainable development. The Ocean Nexus funded postdoctoral research also directly contributes to capacity building of one early-career researcher based in South Africa.
Impact Publications: • Shields et al. (2023). "Children's Human Right to be Heard at the Ocean-Climate Nexus." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38(3), 545-580. https://brill.com/view/journals/estu/38/3/article-p545_6.xml?ebody=pdf-67975 • Strand M, Shields S, Morgera E, McGarry D, Lancaster AM, Brown L and Snow B. (2023). "Protecting Children's Rights to Development and Culture by Re-imagining 'Ocean Literacies.'" The International Journal of Children's Rights 31, 941-975 https://brill.com/view/journals/chil/31/4/article-p941_008.xml?language=en Blogpost: One Ocean Hub, "Mia Strand becomes a research fellow at Ocean Nexus focusing on equity in ocean literacies and children's rights," 12 February 2024. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/mia-strand-becomes-a-research-fellow-at-ocean-nexus-focusing-on-equity-in-ocean-literacies-and-childrens-rights/ Policy brief: Strand M, Shields S and Morgera E. (2023). "Policy brief: 10 key messages for reimagining ocean literacies that consider children's human rights to development and culture." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-10-key-messages-for-reimagining-ocean-literacies-that-consider-childrens-human-rights-to-development-and-culturepolicy-brief/ Joint events: • The organisation of Ocean Nexus Center's UN Decade of Ocean Science event "The Equity Puzzle of Ocean Litter" on 17 November 2021. Reported under Engagement. See: https://oceannexus.uw.edu/our-community/ocean-voices/ocean-litter/ • The organisation of a joint seminar "Co-designing the Decade for equitable outcomes," was held on 11 May 2022 as part of the Ocean Voices program in the Decade "Ocean Decade Laboratory." See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax7bVwvQ8So). • A joint side-event titled "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies" at the UN Ocean Conference in Lisbon, Portugal, 28 June 2022. More information is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/ and here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue Ocean Nexus and the Hub collaboration on marine plastics will produce publication(s) for a special edition with Marine Policy on this topic, and a joint programme of work for the UN Decade.
Start Year 2021
 
Description CONNECTING EFFORTS ON EQUITY IN OCEAN SCIENCE AND GOVERNANCE INTERNATIONALLY 
Organisation Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO)
Country Italy 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution Ocean Nexus is a research centre funded by the Nippon Foundation of Japan that supports more inclusive ocean governance, so that it includes the voices of ocean communities. The partnership between Ocean Nexus and the Hub started in November 2021 at the initiative of Ocean Nexus, which invited the Hub to deliver a presentation on ocean plastics and human rights at a webinar for the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development on ocean plastics and equity ("The Equity Puzzle of Ocean Litter" on 17 November 2021). This panel was presented by Ocean Voices, a UN Ocean Decade-endorsed action program within the Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center. The panel provided an opportunity for the Hub to connect with other research projects and civil-society initiatives in other regions. It was then followed up in 2022 and 2023 by the co-development of a joint programme of work on ocean plastics and equity for the UN Decade. The preparatory conversation for the event led Ocean Nexus to identify other related areas of international collaboration with the Hub, in relation to the UN Decade in particular, on which to complement respective research and stakeholder engagements, in recognition of the unique contributions of the Hub on human rights and innovative transdisciplinary methodologies. The areas of future collaboration encompass: (1) research co-development, (2) human rights of the child, and (3) blue economy. In February 2022, the Hub and Ocean Nexus planned a joint seminar on research co-development (scheduled in May 2022) for the UN Decade for Ocean Science to showcase Hub research to: unveil the policy and legal dimension to co-development in research (legal obligations, including from a human rights perspective, on how to do research), highlight responsibility of donors to promote good practices and transformative ocean science through co-development; and advance understanding about complexities at local level in co-development of research (e.g. the importance of code of ethics, legal components in research to protect stakeholders, the need for meaningful engagement with stakeholder - not the usual 'stakeholder consultation'). The joint seminar "Co-designing the Decade for equitable outcomes," was held on 11 May 2022 as part of the Ocean Voices program in the Decade "Ocean Decade Laboratory" (See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax7bVwvQ8So). On 28 June 2022, the Hub and Ocean Nexus together with other partners including the University of Strathclyde, Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), World Wide Fund for Nature, Association of Commonwealth Universities, the Danish Institute for Human Rights, and the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) co-organised a joint side-event titled "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies" at the second UN Ocean Conference in Lisbon, Portugal. The event started with the screening of the Hub's film on Ghanaian women fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA) followed by a panel discussion on the contentious human rights issues surfacing as blue economy developments expand at scale (https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/). Hub Director, Prof Elisa Morgera, was also invited to the Ocean Nexus' launching of a 4-month Marine Plastic Pollution (MPP) Roadmap Development Project in June 2022. Ocean Nexus was convening an international, multisector group of experts to co-develop between July and November 2022 a 10-year strategic plan to address this issue (https://oceannexus.uw.edu/equity-marine-plastic-pollution-report/). This partnership led Ocean Nexus to mobilise funding for a joint one-year postdoc with the Hub (University of Strathclyde and Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) to further develop children's human rights and ocean literacy as part of the broader program on ocean equity. This provided an opportunity to continue work initiated under the Hub for a PhD student at Nelson Mandela University, Mia Strand. Mia Strand research explores cognitive justice and equity in ocean literacies and children's rights to a healthy ocean. Beyond crucial aspects to all life such as oxygen production, the water cycle, climate regulation, and global food production, a healthy ocean is fundamental to children's wellbeing across the globe, in securing a happy and healthy early years' experience and supporting the transition into adulthood, and their access to sociocultural aspects such as cultural heritage, Indigenous knowledge systems, play and traditions that are inextricably linked to a healthy ocean. However, ocean literacy efforts are often criticised for being didactic, positivistic and science-heavy, focusing on increasing people's (and specifically children's) knowledge of the biophysical aspects of marine ecosystems as understood from a largely Western academic standpoint (see Strand et al., 2023 available from https://brill.com/view/journals/chil/31/4/article-p941_008.xml). UNESCO (2018, available from here: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000260721) has even criticised their own approaches and ocean literacy toolkit, arguing that the work was absent of the voices of Indigenous and local knowledge systems, communities and people in the Global South. Working closely with the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) as a partner organisation, Mia will investigate how ocean literacies efforts can better situate the experiences of children in specific contexts, and emphasise the embodied and place-based influence on children's priorities for, understandings of and interests in a healthy ocean. The research will centre arts-based research approaches such as storytelling, and reflect on ethics and equity in knowledge co-production processes such as transdisciplinarity and participatory approaches. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON), South Africa. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in the Global North: the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Italy. This collaboration include new partnerships with the following organisations: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), Fiji. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: The Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, US; World Wide Fund for Nature, Italy; Association of Commonwealth Universities, UK.
Collaborator Contribution Ocean Nexus seeks to advance ocean research on equity, with projects also in African countries. It has an extensive international network of partners and already an established position within the UN Decade for Ocean Science. It is leading the UN Decade Programme "Ocean Voices - Advancing equity through the Decade" that focuses on inter-disciplinary solutions-oriented research to advancing understanding of problems facing ocean-dependent communities (see: https://oceannexus.uw.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/2021/11/16_Ocean-Voices_Factsheet.pdf). Ocean Nexus expressed willingness to amplify the key messages and methods arising from the One Ocean Hub as original and innovative in the international ocean research landscape, as it shares the same ethos of the Hub to ensure complementarity and avoid duplication of efforts among different research projects. The One Ocean Hub has initially been asked to share expertise, findings, and approaches on human rights via the University of Strathclyde. Hub Director Elisa Morgera has been recognised as a Research Associate of Ocean Nexus (https://oceannexus.uw.edu/about/people/fellows/), which is described as: "The associates are passionate and open-mind to the critical perspectives and sincere to our goal to promote community voices and needs while maintaining academic rigor to continue the effort rather than providing one-stop tools or guidelines. Ocean Nexus honors those researchers who are pushing the boundary in research and recognize that ocean issues are equity/equality issues, and we must act reflexively on our past and current injustice and inequality for urgent changes in systemic and structural injustice." In May 2022, the Hub and Ocean Nexus co-organised a workshop on research co-development for the UN Decade for Ocean Science (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax7bVwvQ8S). The One Ocean Hub's contributions focused on: the process of co-developing the Hub's Code of Practice and learning from its implementation, and on innovative practices and arts-based approaches to transdisciplinary research and stakeholder engagement. Throughout 2022 Ocean Nexus also facilitated connections between: a postdoctoral researcher based at Ocean Nexus who is conducting research on human rights in fisheries in Ghana with the One Ocean Hub's Ghana team to explore collaboration on sustainable fisheries (see other entry under Collaborations); and Hub researchers working on blue economy with Ocean Nexus team who is working on UNEP Blue Economy Index, with a view to supporting Hub research to inform the development of the Index. In addition, as Ocean Nexus's focus region for blue economy research is the Caribbean, which aligns with the Hub's legacy in the same region, Ocean Nexus is interested to build upon the Hub's research findings and experience in conducting research on blue economy in South Africa, Ghana, and Namibia to support jointly cross-regional learning. In 2023, Ocean Nexus provided funding to the One Ocean Hub to advance the collaboration between the two organisations: they have funded Hub's early-career researcher Dr Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) for a shared 1-year Postdoctoral Fellow starting in January 2024 (to be based at the One Ocean Hub) to focus on human rights of the children and ocean-related health issues. The funding provided by Ocean Nexus include salary and benefits for the Fellow (60-65,000 USD), research support (10-15,000 USD), institutional overhead (10% of the direct cost) and additional research support funding (up to 5,000 USD) to be allocated toward hiring student research assistants at the host institute (Nelson Mandela University) in support of the Fellow's work. The collaboration "Connecting efforts on equity in ocean science and governance internationally" brough policy and public services impacts through its direct contributions in shaping UN Decade for Ocean Science practices in advancing equity in ocean governance that focuses on inter-and-trans- disciplinary solutions-oriented research. The series of two workshops on research co-development and marine plastics and the joint side-event for the UN Ocean Conference co-organised by the Hub, Ocean Nexus and other partners involved in this collaboration advanced the understanding of policy issues, methods, and best practices around ocean research co-development and science-policy interface. Both the Hub and Ocean Nexus have established positions within the UN Decade for Ocean Science with Ocean Nexus leading UN Decade Programme "Ocean Voices - Advancing equity through the Decade" and the Hub's role as the Decade Implementing Partner focusing on transdiciplinarity. The collaboration also delivered demonstrable societal impact as all the two joint workshops and the side-event for the UN Ocean Conference built capacity for over 220 environmental activists, lawyers, governments, regional and international organisations, students, researchers, and general public to advance understanding of the factors influencing the contribution of ocean science and critically identify barriers and enabling conditions for equity, fairness and justice in ocean science for sustainable development. The Ocean Nexus funded postdoctoral research also directly contributes to capacity building of one early-career researcher based in South Africa.
Impact Publications: • Shields et al. (2023). "Children's Human Right to be Heard at the Ocean-Climate Nexus." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38(3), 545-580. https://brill.com/view/journals/estu/38/3/article-p545_6.xml?ebody=pdf-67975 • Strand M, Shields S, Morgera E, McGarry D, Lancaster AM, Brown L and Snow B. (2023). "Protecting Children's Rights to Development and Culture by Re-imagining 'Ocean Literacies.'" The International Journal of Children's Rights 31, 941-975 https://brill.com/view/journals/chil/31/4/article-p941_008.xml?language=en Blogpost: One Ocean Hub, "Mia Strand becomes a research fellow at Ocean Nexus focusing on equity in ocean literacies and children's rights," 12 February 2024. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/mia-strand-becomes-a-research-fellow-at-ocean-nexus-focusing-on-equity-in-ocean-literacies-and-childrens-rights/ Policy brief: Strand M, Shields S and Morgera E. (2023). "Policy brief: 10 key messages for reimagining ocean literacies that consider children's human rights to development and culture." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-10-key-messages-for-reimagining-ocean-literacies-that-consider-childrens-human-rights-to-development-and-culturepolicy-brief/ Joint events: • The organisation of Ocean Nexus Center's UN Decade of Ocean Science event "The Equity Puzzle of Ocean Litter" on 17 November 2021. Reported under Engagement. See: https://oceannexus.uw.edu/our-community/ocean-voices/ocean-litter/ • The organisation of a joint seminar "Co-designing the Decade for equitable outcomes," was held on 11 May 2022 as part of the Ocean Voices program in the Decade "Ocean Decade Laboratory." See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax7bVwvQ8So). • A joint side-event titled "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies" at the UN Ocean Conference in Lisbon, Portugal, 28 June 2022. More information is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/ and here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue Ocean Nexus and the Hub collaboration on marine plastics will produce publication(s) for a special edition with Marine Policy on this topic, and a joint programme of work for the UN Decade.
Start Year 2021
 
Description CONNECTING EFFORTS ON EQUITY IN OCEAN SCIENCE AND GOVERNANCE INTERNATIONALLY 
Organisation Nelson Mandela University
Country South Africa 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Ocean Nexus is a research centre funded by the Nippon Foundation of Japan that supports more inclusive ocean governance, so that it includes the voices of ocean communities. The partnership between Ocean Nexus and the Hub started in November 2021 at the initiative of Ocean Nexus, which invited the Hub to deliver a presentation on ocean plastics and human rights at a webinar for the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development on ocean plastics and equity ("The Equity Puzzle of Ocean Litter" on 17 November 2021). This panel was presented by Ocean Voices, a UN Ocean Decade-endorsed action program within the Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center. The panel provided an opportunity for the Hub to connect with other research projects and civil-society initiatives in other regions. It was then followed up in 2022 and 2023 by the co-development of a joint programme of work on ocean plastics and equity for the UN Decade. The preparatory conversation for the event led Ocean Nexus to identify other related areas of international collaboration with the Hub, in relation to the UN Decade in particular, on which to complement respective research and stakeholder engagements, in recognition of the unique contributions of the Hub on human rights and innovative transdisciplinary methodologies. The areas of future collaboration encompass: (1) research co-development, (2) human rights of the child, and (3) blue economy. In February 2022, the Hub and Ocean Nexus planned a joint seminar on research co-development (scheduled in May 2022) for the UN Decade for Ocean Science to showcase Hub research to: unveil the policy and legal dimension to co-development in research (legal obligations, including from a human rights perspective, on how to do research), highlight responsibility of donors to promote good practices and transformative ocean science through co-development; and advance understanding about complexities at local level in co-development of research (e.g. the importance of code of ethics, legal components in research to protect stakeholders, the need for meaningful engagement with stakeholder - not the usual 'stakeholder consultation'). The joint seminar "Co-designing the Decade for equitable outcomes," was held on 11 May 2022 as part of the Ocean Voices program in the Decade "Ocean Decade Laboratory" (See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax7bVwvQ8So). On 28 June 2022, the Hub and Ocean Nexus together with other partners including the University of Strathclyde, Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), World Wide Fund for Nature, Association of Commonwealth Universities, the Danish Institute for Human Rights, and the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) co-organised a joint side-event titled "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies" at the second UN Ocean Conference in Lisbon, Portugal. The event started with the screening of the Hub's film on Ghanaian women fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA) followed by a panel discussion on the contentious human rights issues surfacing as blue economy developments expand at scale (https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/). Hub Director, Prof Elisa Morgera, was also invited to the Ocean Nexus' launching of a 4-month Marine Plastic Pollution (MPP) Roadmap Development Project in June 2022. Ocean Nexus was convening an international, multisector group of experts to co-develop between July and November 2022 a 10-year strategic plan to address this issue (https://oceannexus.uw.edu/equity-marine-plastic-pollution-report/). This partnership led Ocean Nexus to mobilise funding for a joint one-year postdoc with the Hub (University of Strathclyde and Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) to further develop children's human rights and ocean literacy as part of the broader program on ocean equity. This provided an opportunity to continue work initiated under the Hub for a PhD student at Nelson Mandela University, Mia Strand. Mia Strand research explores cognitive justice and equity in ocean literacies and children's rights to a healthy ocean. Beyond crucial aspects to all life such as oxygen production, the water cycle, climate regulation, and global food production, a healthy ocean is fundamental to children's wellbeing across the globe, in securing a happy and healthy early years' experience and supporting the transition into adulthood, and their access to sociocultural aspects such as cultural heritage, Indigenous knowledge systems, play and traditions that are inextricably linked to a healthy ocean. However, ocean literacy efforts are often criticised for being didactic, positivistic and science-heavy, focusing on increasing people's (and specifically children's) knowledge of the biophysical aspects of marine ecosystems as understood from a largely Western academic standpoint (see Strand et al., 2023 available from https://brill.com/view/journals/chil/31/4/article-p941_008.xml). UNESCO (2018, available from here: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000260721) has even criticised their own approaches and ocean literacy toolkit, arguing that the work was absent of the voices of Indigenous and local knowledge systems, communities and people in the Global South. Working closely with the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) as a partner organisation, Mia will investigate how ocean literacies efforts can better situate the experiences of children in specific contexts, and emphasise the embodied and place-based influence on children's priorities for, understandings of and interests in a healthy ocean. The research will centre arts-based research approaches such as storytelling, and reflect on ethics and equity in knowledge co-production processes such as transdisciplinarity and participatory approaches. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON), South Africa. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in the Global North: the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Italy. This collaboration include new partnerships with the following organisations: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), Fiji. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: The Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, US; World Wide Fund for Nature, Italy; Association of Commonwealth Universities, UK.
Collaborator Contribution Ocean Nexus seeks to advance ocean research on equity, with projects also in African countries. It has an extensive international network of partners and already an established position within the UN Decade for Ocean Science. It is leading the UN Decade Programme "Ocean Voices - Advancing equity through the Decade" that focuses on inter-disciplinary solutions-oriented research to advancing understanding of problems facing ocean-dependent communities (see: https://oceannexus.uw.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/2021/11/16_Ocean-Voices_Factsheet.pdf). Ocean Nexus expressed willingness to amplify the key messages and methods arising from the One Ocean Hub as original and innovative in the international ocean research landscape, as it shares the same ethos of the Hub to ensure complementarity and avoid duplication of efforts among different research projects. The One Ocean Hub has initially been asked to share expertise, findings, and approaches on human rights via the University of Strathclyde. Hub Director Elisa Morgera has been recognised as a Research Associate of Ocean Nexus (https://oceannexus.uw.edu/about/people/fellows/), which is described as: "The associates are passionate and open-mind to the critical perspectives and sincere to our goal to promote community voices and needs while maintaining academic rigor to continue the effort rather than providing one-stop tools or guidelines. Ocean Nexus honors those researchers who are pushing the boundary in research and recognize that ocean issues are equity/equality issues, and we must act reflexively on our past and current injustice and inequality for urgent changes in systemic and structural injustice." In May 2022, the Hub and Ocean Nexus co-organised a workshop on research co-development for the UN Decade for Ocean Science (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax7bVwvQ8S). The One Ocean Hub's contributions focused on: the process of co-developing the Hub's Code of Practice and learning from its implementation, and on innovative practices and arts-based approaches to transdisciplinary research and stakeholder engagement. Throughout 2022 Ocean Nexus also facilitated connections between: a postdoctoral researcher based at Ocean Nexus who is conducting research on human rights in fisheries in Ghana with the One Ocean Hub's Ghana team to explore collaboration on sustainable fisheries (see other entry under Collaborations); and Hub researchers working on blue economy with Ocean Nexus team who is working on UNEP Blue Economy Index, with a view to supporting Hub research to inform the development of the Index. In addition, as Ocean Nexus's focus region for blue economy research is the Caribbean, which aligns with the Hub's legacy in the same region, Ocean Nexus is interested to build upon the Hub's research findings and experience in conducting research on blue economy in South Africa, Ghana, and Namibia to support jointly cross-regional learning. In 2023, Ocean Nexus provided funding to the One Ocean Hub to advance the collaboration between the two organisations: they have funded Hub's early-career researcher Dr Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) for a shared 1-year Postdoctoral Fellow starting in January 2024 (to be based at the One Ocean Hub) to focus on human rights of the children and ocean-related health issues. The funding provided by Ocean Nexus include salary and benefits for the Fellow (60-65,000 USD), research support (10-15,000 USD), institutional overhead (10% of the direct cost) and additional research support funding (up to 5,000 USD) to be allocated toward hiring student research assistants at the host institute (Nelson Mandela University) in support of the Fellow's work. The collaboration "Connecting efforts on equity in ocean science and governance internationally" brough policy and public services impacts through its direct contributions in shaping UN Decade for Ocean Science practices in advancing equity in ocean governance that focuses on inter-and-trans- disciplinary solutions-oriented research. The series of two workshops on research co-development and marine plastics and the joint side-event for the UN Ocean Conference co-organised by the Hub, Ocean Nexus and other partners involved in this collaboration advanced the understanding of policy issues, methods, and best practices around ocean research co-development and science-policy interface. Both the Hub and Ocean Nexus have established positions within the UN Decade for Ocean Science with Ocean Nexus leading UN Decade Programme "Ocean Voices - Advancing equity through the Decade" and the Hub's role as the Decade Implementing Partner focusing on transdiciplinarity. The collaboration also delivered demonstrable societal impact as all the two joint workshops and the side-event for the UN Ocean Conference built capacity for over 220 environmental activists, lawyers, governments, regional and international organisations, students, researchers, and general public to advance understanding of the factors influencing the contribution of ocean science and critically identify barriers and enabling conditions for equity, fairness and justice in ocean science for sustainable development. The Ocean Nexus funded postdoctoral research also directly contributes to capacity building of one early-career researcher based in South Africa.
Impact Publications: • Shields et al. (2023). "Children's Human Right to be Heard at the Ocean-Climate Nexus." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38(3), 545-580. https://brill.com/view/journals/estu/38/3/article-p545_6.xml?ebody=pdf-67975 • Strand M, Shields S, Morgera E, McGarry D, Lancaster AM, Brown L and Snow B. (2023). "Protecting Children's Rights to Development and Culture by Re-imagining 'Ocean Literacies.'" The International Journal of Children's Rights 31, 941-975 https://brill.com/view/journals/chil/31/4/article-p941_008.xml?language=en Blogpost: One Ocean Hub, "Mia Strand becomes a research fellow at Ocean Nexus focusing on equity in ocean literacies and children's rights," 12 February 2024. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/mia-strand-becomes-a-research-fellow-at-ocean-nexus-focusing-on-equity-in-ocean-literacies-and-childrens-rights/ Policy brief: Strand M, Shields S and Morgera E. (2023). "Policy brief: 10 key messages for reimagining ocean literacies that consider children's human rights to development and culture." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-10-key-messages-for-reimagining-ocean-literacies-that-consider-childrens-human-rights-to-development-and-culturepolicy-brief/ Joint events: • The organisation of Ocean Nexus Center's UN Decade of Ocean Science event "The Equity Puzzle of Ocean Litter" on 17 November 2021. Reported under Engagement. See: https://oceannexus.uw.edu/our-community/ocean-voices/ocean-litter/ • The organisation of a joint seminar "Co-designing the Decade for equitable outcomes," was held on 11 May 2022 as part of the Ocean Voices program in the Decade "Ocean Decade Laboratory." See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax7bVwvQ8So). • A joint side-event titled "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies" at the UN Ocean Conference in Lisbon, Portugal, 28 June 2022. More information is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/ and here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue Ocean Nexus and the Hub collaboration on marine plastics will produce publication(s) for a special edition with Marine Policy on this topic, and a joint programme of work for the UN Decade.
Start Year 2021
 
Description CONNECTING EFFORTS ON EQUITY IN OCEAN SCIENCE AND GOVERNANCE INTERNATIONALLY 
Organisation Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC)
Country Fiji 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution Ocean Nexus is a research centre funded by the Nippon Foundation of Japan that supports more inclusive ocean governance, so that it includes the voices of ocean communities. The partnership between Ocean Nexus and the Hub started in November 2021 at the initiative of Ocean Nexus, which invited the Hub to deliver a presentation on ocean plastics and human rights at a webinar for the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development on ocean plastics and equity ("The Equity Puzzle of Ocean Litter" on 17 November 2021). This panel was presented by Ocean Voices, a UN Ocean Decade-endorsed action program within the Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center. The panel provided an opportunity for the Hub to connect with other research projects and civil-society initiatives in other regions. It was then followed up in 2022 and 2023 by the co-development of a joint programme of work on ocean plastics and equity for the UN Decade. The preparatory conversation for the event led Ocean Nexus to identify other related areas of international collaboration with the Hub, in relation to the UN Decade in particular, on which to complement respective research and stakeholder engagements, in recognition of the unique contributions of the Hub on human rights and innovative transdisciplinary methodologies. The areas of future collaboration encompass: (1) research co-development, (2) human rights of the child, and (3) blue economy. In February 2022, the Hub and Ocean Nexus planned a joint seminar on research co-development (scheduled in May 2022) for the UN Decade for Ocean Science to showcase Hub research to: unveil the policy and legal dimension to co-development in research (legal obligations, including from a human rights perspective, on how to do research), highlight responsibility of donors to promote good practices and transformative ocean science through co-development; and advance understanding about complexities at local level in co-development of research (e.g. the importance of code of ethics, legal components in research to protect stakeholders, the need for meaningful engagement with stakeholder - not the usual 'stakeholder consultation'). The joint seminar "Co-designing the Decade for equitable outcomes," was held on 11 May 2022 as part of the Ocean Voices program in the Decade "Ocean Decade Laboratory" (See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax7bVwvQ8So). On 28 June 2022, the Hub and Ocean Nexus together with other partners including the University of Strathclyde, Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), World Wide Fund for Nature, Association of Commonwealth Universities, the Danish Institute for Human Rights, and the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) co-organised a joint side-event titled "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies" at the second UN Ocean Conference in Lisbon, Portugal. The event started with the screening of the Hub's film on Ghanaian women fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA) followed by a panel discussion on the contentious human rights issues surfacing as blue economy developments expand at scale (https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/). Hub Director, Prof Elisa Morgera, was also invited to the Ocean Nexus' launching of a 4-month Marine Plastic Pollution (MPP) Roadmap Development Project in June 2022. Ocean Nexus was convening an international, multisector group of experts to co-develop between July and November 2022 a 10-year strategic plan to address this issue (https://oceannexus.uw.edu/equity-marine-plastic-pollution-report/). This partnership led Ocean Nexus to mobilise funding for a joint one-year postdoc with the Hub (University of Strathclyde and Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) to further develop children's human rights and ocean literacy as part of the broader program on ocean equity. This provided an opportunity to continue work initiated under the Hub for a PhD student at Nelson Mandela University, Mia Strand. Mia Strand research explores cognitive justice and equity in ocean literacies and children's rights to a healthy ocean. Beyond crucial aspects to all life such as oxygen production, the water cycle, climate regulation, and global food production, a healthy ocean is fundamental to children's wellbeing across the globe, in securing a happy and healthy early years' experience and supporting the transition into adulthood, and their access to sociocultural aspects such as cultural heritage, Indigenous knowledge systems, play and traditions that are inextricably linked to a healthy ocean. However, ocean literacy efforts are often criticised for being didactic, positivistic and science-heavy, focusing on increasing people's (and specifically children's) knowledge of the biophysical aspects of marine ecosystems as understood from a largely Western academic standpoint (see Strand et al., 2023 available from https://brill.com/view/journals/chil/31/4/article-p941_008.xml). UNESCO (2018, available from here: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000260721) has even criticised their own approaches and ocean literacy toolkit, arguing that the work was absent of the voices of Indigenous and local knowledge systems, communities and people in the Global South. Working closely with the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) as a partner organisation, Mia will investigate how ocean literacies efforts can better situate the experiences of children in specific contexts, and emphasise the embodied and place-based influence on children's priorities for, understandings of and interests in a healthy ocean. The research will centre arts-based research approaches such as storytelling, and reflect on ethics and equity in knowledge co-production processes such as transdisciplinarity and participatory approaches. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON), South Africa. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in the Global North: the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Italy. This collaboration include new partnerships with the following organisations: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), Fiji. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: The Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, US; World Wide Fund for Nature, Italy; Association of Commonwealth Universities, UK.
Collaborator Contribution Ocean Nexus seeks to advance ocean research on equity, with projects also in African countries. It has an extensive international network of partners and already an established position within the UN Decade for Ocean Science. It is leading the UN Decade Programme "Ocean Voices - Advancing equity through the Decade" that focuses on inter-disciplinary solutions-oriented research to advancing understanding of problems facing ocean-dependent communities (see: https://oceannexus.uw.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/2021/11/16_Ocean-Voices_Factsheet.pdf). Ocean Nexus expressed willingness to amplify the key messages and methods arising from the One Ocean Hub as original and innovative in the international ocean research landscape, as it shares the same ethos of the Hub to ensure complementarity and avoid duplication of efforts among different research projects. The One Ocean Hub has initially been asked to share expertise, findings, and approaches on human rights via the University of Strathclyde. Hub Director Elisa Morgera has been recognised as a Research Associate of Ocean Nexus (https://oceannexus.uw.edu/about/people/fellows/), which is described as: "The associates are passionate and open-mind to the critical perspectives and sincere to our goal to promote community voices and needs while maintaining academic rigor to continue the effort rather than providing one-stop tools or guidelines. Ocean Nexus honors those researchers who are pushing the boundary in research and recognize that ocean issues are equity/equality issues, and we must act reflexively on our past and current injustice and inequality for urgent changes in systemic and structural injustice." In May 2022, the Hub and Ocean Nexus co-organised a workshop on research co-development for the UN Decade for Ocean Science (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax7bVwvQ8S). The One Ocean Hub's contributions focused on: the process of co-developing the Hub's Code of Practice and learning from its implementation, and on innovative practices and arts-based approaches to transdisciplinary research and stakeholder engagement. Throughout 2022 Ocean Nexus also facilitated connections between: a postdoctoral researcher based at Ocean Nexus who is conducting research on human rights in fisheries in Ghana with the One Ocean Hub's Ghana team to explore collaboration on sustainable fisheries (see other entry under Collaborations); and Hub researchers working on blue economy with Ocean Nexus team who is working on UNEP Blue Economy Index, with a view to supporting Hub research to inform the development of the Index. In addition, as Ocean Nexus's focus region for blue economy research is the Caribbean, which aligns with the Hub's legacy in the same region, Ocean Nexus is interested to build upon the Hub's research findings and experience in conducting research on blue economy in South Africa, Ghana, and Namibia to support jointly cross-regional learning. In 2023, Ocean Nexus provided funding to the One Ocean Hub to advance the collaboration between the two organisations: they have funded Hub's early-career researcher Dr Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) for a shared 1-year Postdoctoral Fellow starting in January 2024 (to be based at the One Ocean Hub) to focus on human rights of the children and ocean-related health issues. The funding provided by Ocean Nexus include salary and benefits for the Fellow (60-65,000 USD), research support (10-15,000 USD), institutional overhead (10% of the direct cost) and additional research support funding (up to 5,000 USD) to be allocated toward hiring student research assistants at the host institute (Nelson Mandela University) in support of the Fellow's work. The collaboration "Connecting efforts on equity in ocean science and governance internationally" brough policy and public services impacts through its direct contributions in shaping UN Decade for Ocean Science practices in advancing equity in ocean governance that focuses on inter-and-trans- disciplinary solutions-oriented research. The series of two workshops on research co-development and marine plastics and the joint side-event for the UN Ocean Conference co-organised by the Hub, Ocean Nexus and other partners involved in this collaboration advanced the understanding of policy issues, methods, and best practices around ocean research co-development and science-policy interface. Both the Hub and Ocean Nexus have established positions within the UN Decade for Ocean Science with Ocean Nexus leading UN Decade Programme "Ocean Voices - Advancing equity through the Decade" and the Hub's role as the Decade Implementing Partner focusing on transdiciplinarity. The collaboration also delivered demonstrable societal impact as all the two joint workshops and the side-event for the UN Ocean Conference built capacity for over 220 environmental activists, lawyers, governments, regional and international organisations, students, researchers, and general public to advance understanding of the factors influencing the contribution of ocean science and critically identify barriers and enabling conditions for equity, fairness and justice in ocean science for sustainable development. The Ocean Nexus funded postdoctoral research also directly contributes to capacity building of one early-career researcher based in South Africa.
Impact Publications: • Shields et al. (2023). "Children's Human Right to be Heard at the Ocean-Climate Nexus." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38(3), 545-580. https://brill.com/view/journals/estu/38/3/article-p545_6.xml?ebody=pdf-67975 • Strand M, Shields S, Morgera E, McGarry D, Lancaster AM, Brown L and Snow B. (2023). "Protecting Children's Rights to Development and Culture by Re-imagining 'Ocean Literacies.'" The International Journal of Children's Rights 31, 941-975 https://brill.com/view/journals/chil/31/4/article-p941_008.xml?language=en Blogpost: One Ocean Hub, "Mia Strand becomes a research fellow at Ocean Nexus focusing on equity in ocean literacies and children's rights," 12 February 2024. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/mia-strand-becomes-a-research-fellow-at-ocean-nexus-focusing-on-equity-in-ocean-literacies-and-childrens-rights/ Policy brief: Strand M, Shields S and Morgera E. (2023). "Policy brief: 10 key messages for reimagining ocean literacies that consider children's human rights to development and culture." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-10-key-messages-for-reimagining-ocean-literacies-that-consider-childrens-human-rights-to-development-and-culturepolicy-brief/ Joint events: • The organisation of Ocean Nexus Center's UN Decade of Ocean Science event "The Equity Puzzle of Ocean Litter" on 17 November 2021. Reported under Engagement. See: https://oceannexus.uw.edu/our-community/ocean-voices/ocean-litter/ • The organisation of a joint seminar "Co-designing the Decade for equitable outcomes," was held on 11 May 2022 as part of the Ocean Voices program in the Decade "Ocean Decade Laboratory." See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax7bVwvQ8So). • A joint side-event titled "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies" at the UN Ocean Conference in Lisbon, Portugal, 28 June 2022. More information is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/ and here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue Ocean Nexus and the Hub collaboration on marine plastics will produce publication(s) for a special edition with Marine Policy on this topic, and a joint programme of work for the UN Decade.
Start Year 2021
 
Description CONNECTING EFFORTS ON EQUITY IN OCEAN SCIENCE AND GOVERNANCE INTERNATIONALLY 
Organisation South African Environmental Observation Network
Country South Africa 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution Ocean Nexus is a research centre funded by the Nippon Foundation of Japan that supports more inclusive ocean governance, so that it includes the voices of ocean communities. The partnership between Ocean Nexus and the Hub started in November 2021 at the initiative of Ocean Nexus, which invited the Hub to deliver a presentation on ocean plastics and human rights at a webinar for the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development on ocean plastics and equity ("The Equity Puzzle of Ocean Litter" on 17 November 2021). This panel was presented by Ocean Voices, a UN Ocean Decade-endorsed action program within the Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center. The panel provided an opportunity for the Hub to connect with other research projects and civil-society initiatives in other regions. It was then followed up in 2022 and 2023 by the co-development of a joint programme of work on ocean plastics and equity for the UN Decade. The preparatory conversation for the event led Ocean Nexus to identify other related areas of international collaboration with the Hub, in relation to the UN Decade in particular, on which to complement respective research and stakeholder engagements, in recognition of the unique contributions of the Hub on human rights and innovative transdisciplinary methodologies. The areas of future collaboration encompass: (1) research co-development, (2) human rights of the child, and (3) blue economy. In February 2022, the Hub and Ocean Nexus planned a joint seminar on research co-development (scheduled in May 2022) for the UN Decade for Ocean Science to showcase Hub research to: unveil the policy and legal dimension to co-development in research (legal obligations, including from a human rights perspective, on how to do research), highlight responsibility of donors to promote good practices and transformative ocean science through co-development; and advance understanding about complexities at local level in co-development of research (e.g. the importance of code of ethics, legal components in research to protect stakeholders, the need for meaningful engagement with stakeholder - not the usual 'stakeholder consultation'). The joint seminar "Co-designing the Decade for equitable outcomes," was held on 11 May 2022 as part of the Ocean Voices program in the Decade "Ocean Decade Laboratory" (See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax7bVwvQ8So). On 28 June 2022, the Hub and Ocean Nexus together with other partners including the University of Strathclyde, Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), World Wide Fund for Nature, Association of Commonwealth Universities, the Danish Institute for Human Rights, and the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) co-organised a joint side-event titled "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies" at the second UN Ocean Conference in Lisbon, Portugal. The event started with the screening of the Hub's film on Ghanaian women fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA) followed by a panel discussion on the contentious human rights issues surfacing as blue economy developments expand at scale (https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/). Hub Director, Prof Elisa Morgera, was also invited to the Ocean Nexus' launching of a 4-month Marine Plastic Pollution (MPP) Roadmap Development Project in June 2022. Ocean Nexus was convening an international, multisector group of experts to co-develop between July and November 2022 a 10-year strategic plan to address this issue (https://oceannexus.uw.edu/equity-marine-plastic-pollution-report/). This partnership led Ocean Nexus to mobilise funding for a joint one-year postdoc with the Hub (University of Strathclyde and Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) to further develop children's human rights and ocean literacy as part of the broader program on ocean equity. This provided an opportunity to continue work initiated under the Hub for a PhD student at Nelson Mandela University, Mia Strand. Mia Strand research explores cognitive justice and equity in ocean literacies and children's rights to a healthy ocean. Beyond crucial aspects to all life such as oxygen production, the water cycle, climate regulation, and global food production, a healthy ocean is fundamental to children's wellbeing across the globe, in securing a happy and healthy early years' experience and supporting the transition into adulthood, and their access to sociocultural aspects such as cultural heritage, Indigenous knowledge systems, play and traditions that are inextricably linked to a healthy ocean. However, ocean literacy efforts are often criticised for being didactic, positivistic and science-heavy, focusing on increasing people's (and specifically children's) knowledge of the biophysical aspects of marine ecosystems as understood from a largely Western academic standpoint (see Strand et al., 2023 available from https://brill.com/view/journals/chil/31/4/article-p941_008.xml). UNESCO (2018, available from here: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000260721) has even criticised their own approaches and ocean literacy toolkit, arguing that the work was absent of the voices of Indigenous and local knowledge systems, communities and people in the Global South. Working closely with the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) as a partner organisation, Mia will investigate how ocean literacies efforts can better situate the experiences of children in specific contexts, and emphasise the embodied and place-based influence on children's priorities for, understandings of and interests in a healthy ocean. The research will centre arts-based research approaches such as storytelling, and reflect on ethics and equity in knowledge co-production processes such as transdisciplinarity and participatory approaches. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON), South Africa. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in the Global North: the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Italy. This collaboration include new partnerships with the following organisations: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), Fiji. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: The Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, US; World Wide Fund for Nature, Italy; Association of Commonwealth Universities, UK.
Collaborator Contribution Ocean Nexus seeks to advance ocean research on equity, with projects also in African countries. It has an extensive international network of partners and already an established position within the UN Decade for Ocean Science. It is leading the UN Decade Programme "Ocean Voices - Advancing equity through the Decade" that focuses on inter-disciplinary solutions-oriented research to advancing understanding of problems facing ocean-dependent communities (see: https://oceannexus.uw.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/2021/11/16_Ocean-Voices_Factsheet.pdf). Ocean Nexus expressed willingness to amplify the key messages and methods arising from the One Ocean Hub as original and innovative in the international ocean research landscape, as it shares the same ethos of the Hub to ensure complementarity and avoid duplication of efforts among different research projects. The One Ocean Hub has initially been asked to share expertise, findings, and approaches on human rights via the University of Strathclyde. Hub Director Elisa Morgera has been recognised as a Research Associate of Ocean Nexus (https://oceannexus.uw.edu/about/people/fellows/), which is described as: "The associates are passionate and open-mind to the critical perspectives and sincere to our goal to promote community voices and needs while maintaining academic rigor to continue the effort rather than providing one-stop tools or guidelines. Ocean Nexus honors those researchers who are pushing the boundary in research and recognize that ocean issues are equity/equality issues, and we must act reflexively on our past and current injustice and inequality for urgent changes in systemic and structural injustice." In May 2022, the Hub and Ocean Nexus co-organised a workshop on research co-development for the UN Decade for Ocean Science (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax7bVwvQ8S). The One Ocean Hub's contributions focused on: the process of co-developing the Hub's Code of Practice and learning from its implementation, and on innovative practices and arts-based approaches to transdisciplinary research and stakeholder engagement. Throughout 2022 Ocean Nexus also facilitated connections between: a postdoctoral researcher based at Ocean Nexus who is conducting research on human rights in fisheries in Ghana with the One Ocean Hub's Ghana team to explore collaboration on sustainable fisheries (see other entry under Collaborations); and Hub researchers working on blue economy with Ocean Nexus team who is working on UNEP Blue Economy Index, with a view to supporting Hub research to inform the development of the Index. In addition, as Ocean Nexus's focus region for blue economy research is the Caribbean, which aligns with the Hub's legacy in the same region, Ocean Nexus is interested to build upon the Hub's research findings and experience in conducting research on blue economy in South Africa, Ghana, and Namibia to support jointly cross-regional learning. In 2023, Ocean Nexus provided funding to the One Ocean Hub to advance the collaboration between the two organisations: they have funded Hub's early-career researcher Dr Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) for a shared 1-year Postdoctoral Fellow starting in January 2024 (to be based at the One Ocean Hub) to focus on human rights of the children and ocean-related health issues. The funding provided by Ocean Nexus include salary and benefits for the Fellow (60-65,000 USD), research support (10-15,000 USD), institutional overhead (10% of the direct cost) and additional research support funding (up to 5,000 USD) to be allocated toward hiring student research assistants at the host institute (Nelson Mandela University) in support of the Fellow's work. The collaboration "Connecting efforts on equity in ocean science and governance internationally" brough policy and public services impacts through its direct contributions in shaping UN Decade for Ocean Science practices in advancing equity in ocean governance that focuses on inter-and-trans- disciplinary solutions-oriented research. The series of two workshops on research co-development and marine plastics and the joint side-event for the UN Ocean Conference co-organised by the Hub, Ocean Nexus and other partners involved in this collaboration advanced the understanding of policy issues, methods, and best practices around ocean research co-development and science-policy interface. Both the Hub and Ocean Nexus have established positions within the UN Decade for Ocean Science with Ocean Nexus leading UN Decade Programme "Ocean Voices - Advancing equity through the Decade" and the Hub's role as the Decade Implementing Partner focusing on transdiciplinarity. The collaboration also delivered demonstrable societal impact as all the two joint workshops and the side-event for the UN Ocean Conference built capacity for over 220 environmental activists, lawyers, governments, regional and international organisations, students, researchers, and general public to advance understanding of the factors influencing the contribution of ocean science and critically identify barriers and enabling conditions for equity, fairness and justice in ocean science for sustainable development. The Ocean Nexus funded postdoctoral research also directly contributes to capacity building of one early-career researcher based in South Africa.
Impact Publications: • Shields et al. (2023). "Children's Human Right to be Heard at the Ocean-Climate Nexus." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38(3), 545-580. https://brill.com/view/journals/estu/38/3/article-p545_6.xml?ebody=pdf-67975 • Strand M, Shields S, Morgera E, McGarry D, Lancaster AM, Brown L and Snow B. (2023). "Protecting Children's Rights to Development and Culture by Re-imagining 'Ocean Literacies.'" The International Journal of Children's Rights 31, 941-975 https://brill.com/view/journals/chil/31/4/article-p941_008.xml?language=en Blogpost: One Ocean Hub, "Mia Strand becomes a research fellow at Ocean Nexus focusing on equity in ocean literacies and children's rights," 12 February 2024. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/mia-strand-becomes-a-research-fellow-at-ocean-nexus-focusing-on-equity-in-ocean-literacies-and-childrens-rights/ Policy brief: Strand M, Shields S and Morgera E. (2023). "Policy brief: 10 key messages for reimagining ocean literacies that consider children's human rights to development and culture." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-10-key-messages-for-reimagining-ocean-literacies-that-consider-childrens-human-rights-to-development-and-culturepolicy-brief/ Joint events: • The organisation of Ocean Nexus Center's UN Decade of Ocean Science event "The Equity Puzzle of Ocean Litter" on 17 November 2021. Reported under Engagement. See: https://oceannexus.uw.edu/our-community/ocean-voices/ocean-litter/ • The organisation of a joint seminar "Co-designing the Decade for equitable outcomes," was held on 11 May 2022 as part of the Ocean Voices program in the Decade "Ocean Decade Laboratory." See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax7bVwvQ8So). • A joint side-event titled "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies" at the UN Ocean Conference in Lisbon, Portugal, 28 June 2022. More information is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/ and here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue Ocean Nexus and the Hub collaboration on marine plastics will produce publication(s) for a special edition with Marine Policy on this topic, and a joint programme of work for the UN Decade.
Start Year 2021
 
Description CONNECTING EFFORTS ON EQUITY IN OCEAN SCIENCE AND GOVERNANCE INTERNATIONALLY 
Organisation University of Strathclyde
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Ocean Nexus is a research centre funded by the Nippon Foundation of Japan that supports more inclusive ocean governance, so that it includes the voices of ocean communities. The partnership between Ocean Nexus and the Hub started in November 2021 at the initiative of Ocean Nexus, which invited the Hub to deliver a presentation on ocean plastics and human rights at a webinar for the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development on ocean plastics and equity ("The Equity Puzzle of Ocean Litter" on 17 November 2021). This panel was presented by Ocean Voices, a UN Ocean Decade-endorsed action program within the Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center. The panel provided an opportunity for the Hub to connect with other research projects and civil-society initiatives in other regions. It was then followed up in 2022 and 2023 by the co-development of a joint programme of work on ocean plastics and equity for the UN Decade. The preparatory conversation for the event led Ocean Nexus to identify other related areas of international collaboration with the Hub, in relation to the UN Decade in particular, on which to complement respective research and stakeholder engagements, in recognition of the unique contributions of the Hub on human rights and innovative transdisciplinary methodologies. The areas of future collaboration encompass: (1) research co-development, (2) human rights of the child, and (3) blue economy. In February 2022, the Hub and Ocean Nexus planned a joint seminar on research co-development (scheduled in May 2022) for the UN Decade for Ocean Science to showcase Hub research to: unveil the policy and legal dimension to co-development in research (legal obligations, including from a human rights perspective, on how to do research), highlight responsibility of donors to promote good practices and transformative ocean science through co-development; and advance understanding about complexities at local level in co-development of research (e.g. the importance of code of ethics, legal components in research to protect stakeholders, the need for meaningful engagement with stakeholder - not the usual 'stakeholder consultation'). The joint seminar "Co-designing the Decade for equitable outcomes," was held on 11 May 2022 as part of the Ocean Voices program in the Decade "Ocean Decade Laboratory" (See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax7bVwvQ8So). On 28 June 2022, the Hub and Ocean Nexus together with other partners including the University of Strathclyde, Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), World Wide Fund for Nature, Association of Commonwealth Universities, the Danish Institute for Human Rights, and the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) co-organised a joint side-event titled "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies" at the second UN Ocean Conference in Lisbon, Portugal. The event started with the screening of the Hub's film on Ghanaian women fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA) followed by a panel discussion on the contentious human rights issues surfacing as blue economy developments expand at scale (https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/). Hub Director, Prof Elisa Morgera, was also invited to the Ocean Nexus' launching of a 4-month Marine Plastic Pollution (MPP) Roadmap Development Project in June 2022. Ocean Nexus was convening an international, multisector group of experts to co-develop between July and November 2022 a 10-year strategic plan to address this issue (https://oceannexus.uw.edu/equity-marine-plastic-pollution-report/). This partnership led Ocean Nexus to mobilise funding for a joint one-year postdoc with the Hub (University of Strathclyde and Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) to further develop children's human rights and ocean literacy as part of the broader program on ocean equity. This provided an opportunity to continue work initiated under the Hub for a PhD student at Nelson Mandela University, Mia Strand. Mia Strand research explores cognitive justice and equity in ocean literacies and children's rights to a healthy ocean. Beyond crucial aspects to all life such as oxygen production, the water cycle, climate regulation, and global food production, a healthy ocean is fundamental to children's wellbeing across the globe, in securing a happy and healthy early years' experience and supporting the transition into adulthood, and their access to sociocultural aspects such as cultural heritage, Indigenous knowledge systems, play and traditions that are inextricably linked to a healthy ocean. However, ocean literacy efforts are often criticised for being didactic, positivistic and science-heavy, focusing on increasing people's (and specifically children's) knowledge of the biophysical aspects of marine ecosystems as understood from a largely Western academic standpoint (see Strand et al., 2023 available from https://brill.com/view/journals/chil/31/4/article-p941_008.xml). UNESCO (2018, available from here: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000260721) has even criticised their own approaches and ocean literacy toolkit, arguing that the work was absent of the voices of Indigenous and local knowledge systems, communities and people in the Global South. Working closely with the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) as a partner organisation, Mia will investigate how ocean literacies efforts can better situate the experiences of children in specific contexts, and emphasise the embodied and place-based influence on children's priorities for, understandings of and interests in a healthy ocean. The research will centre arts-based research approaches such as storytelling, and reflect on ethics and equity in knowledge co-production processes such as transdisciplinarity and participatory approaches. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON), South Africa. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in the Global North: the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Italy. This collaboration include new partnerships with the following organisations: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), Fiji. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: The Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, US; World Wide Fund for Nature, Italy; Association of Commonwealth Universities, UK.
Collaborator Contribution Ocean Nexus seeks to advance ocean research on equity, with projects also in African countries. It has an extensive international network of partners and already an established position within the UN Decade for Ocean Science. It is leading the UN Decade Programme "Ocean Voices - Advancing equity through the Decade" that focuses on inter-disciplinary solutions-oriented research to advancing understanding of problems facing ocean-dependent communities (see: https://oceannexus.uw.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/2021/11/16_Ocean-Voices_Factsheet.pdf). Ocean Nexus expressed willingness to amplify the key messages and methods arising from the One Ocean Hub as original and innovative in the international ocean research landscape, as it shares the same ethos of the Hub to ensure complementarity and avoid duplication of efforts among different research projects. The One Ocean Hub has initially been asked to share expertise, findings, and approaches on human rights via the University of Strathclyde. Hub Director Elisa Morgera has been recognised as a Research Associate of Ocean Nexus (https://oceannexus.uw.edu/about/people/fellows/), which is described as: "The associates are passionate and open-mind to the critical perspectives and sincere to our goal to promote community voices and needs while maintaining academic rigor to continue the effort rather than providing one-stop tools or guidelines. Ocean Nexus honors those researchers who are pushing the boundary in research and recognize that ocean issues are equity/equality issues, and we must act reflexively on our past and current injustice and inequality for urgent changes in systemic and structural injustice." In May 2022, the Hub and Ocean Nexus co-organised a workshop on research co-development for the UN Decade for Ocean Science (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax7bVwvQ8S). The One Ocean Hub's contributions focused on: the process of co-developing the Hub's Code of Practice and learning from its implementation, and on innovative practices and arts-based approaches to transdisciplinary research and stakeholder engagement. Throughout 2022 Ocean Nexus also facilitated connections between: a postdoctoral researcher based at Ocean Nexus who is conducting research on human rights in fisheries in Ghana with the One Ocean Hub's Ghana team to explore collaboration on sustainable fisheries (see other entry under Collaborations); and Hub researchers working on blue economy with Ocean Nexus team who is working on UNEP Blue Economy Index, with a view to supporting Hub research to inform the development of the Index. In addition, as Ocean Nexus's focus region for blue economy research is the Caribbean, which aligns with the Hub's legacy in the same region, Ocean Nexus is interested to build upon the Hub's research findings and experience in conducting research on blue economy in South Africa, Ghana, and Namibia to support jointly cross-regional learning. In 2023, Ocean Nexus provided funding to the One Ocean Hub to advance the collaboration between the two organisations: they have funded Hub's early-career researcher Dr Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) for a shared 1-year Postdoctoral Fellow starting in January 2024 (to be based at the One Ocean Hub) to focus on human rights of the children and ocean-related health issues. The funding provided by Ocean Nexus include salary and benefits for the Fellow (60-65,000 USD), research support (10-15,000 USD), institutional overhead (10% of the direct cost) and additional research support funding (up to 5,000 USD) to be allocated toward hiring student research assistants at the host institute (Nelson Mandela University) in support of the Fellow's work. The collaboration "Connecting efforts on equity in ocean science and governance internationally" brough policy and public services impacts through its direct contributions in shaping UN Decade for Ocean Science practices in advancing equity in ocean governance that focuses on inter-and-trans- disciplinary solutions-oriented research. The series of two workshops on research co-development and marine plastics and the joint side-event for the UN Ocean Conference co-organised by the Hub, Ocean Nexus and other partners involved in this collaboration advanced the understanding of policy issues, methods, and best practices around ocean research co-development and science-policy interface. Both the Hub and Ocean Nexus have established positions within the UN Decade for Ocean Science with Ocean Nexus leading UN Decade Programme "Ocean Voices - Advancing equity through the Decade" and the Hub's role as the Decade Implementing Partner focusing on transdiciplinarity. The collaboration also delivered demonstrable societal impact as all the two joint workshops and the side-event for the UN Ocean Conference built capacity for over 220 environmental activists, lawyers, governments, regional and international organisations, students, researchers, and general public to advance understanding of the factors influencing the contribution of ocean science and critically identify barriers and enabling conditions for equity, fairness and justice in ocean science for sustainable development. The Ocean Nexus funded postdoctoral research also directly contributes to capacity building of one early-career researcher based in South Africa.
Impact Publications: • Shields et al. (2023). "Children's Human Right to be Heard at the Ocean-Climate Nexus." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38(3), 545-580. https://brill.com/view/journals/estu/38/3/article-p545_6.xml?ebody=pdf-67975 • Strand M, Shields S, Morgera E, McGarry D, Lancaster AM, Brown L and Snow B. (2023). "Protecting Children's Rights to Development and Culture by Re-imagining 'Ocean Literacies.'" The International Journal of Children's Rights 31, 941-975 https://brill.com/view/journals/chil/31/4/article-p941_008.xml?language=en Blogpost: One Ocean Hub, "Mia Strand becomes a research fellow at Ocean Nexus focusing on equity in ocean literacies and children's rights," 12 February 2024. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/mia-strand-becomes-a-research-fellow-at-ocean-nexus-focusing-on-equity-in-ocean-literacies-and-childrens-rights/ Policy brief: Strand M, Shields S and Morgera E. (2023). "Policy brief: 10 key messages for reimagining ocean literacies that consider children's human rights to development and culture." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-10-key-messages-for-reimagining-ocean-literacies-that-consider-childrens-human-rights-to-development-and-culturepolicy-brief/ Joint events: • The organisation of Ocean Nexus Center's UN Decade of Ocean Science event "The Equity Puzzle of Ocean Litter" on 17 November 2021. Reported under Engagement. See: https://oceannexus.uw.edu/our-community/ocean-voices/ocean-litter/ • The organisation of a joint seminar "Co-designing the Decade for equitable outcomes," was held on 11 May 2022 as part of the Ocean Voices program in the Decade "Ocean Decade Laboratory." See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax7bVwvQ8So). • A joint side-event titled "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies" at the UN Ocean Conference in Lisbon, Portugal, 28 June 2022. More information is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/ and here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue Ocean Nexus and the Hub collaboration on marine plastics will produce publication(s) for a special edition with Marine Policy on this topic, and a joint programme of work for the UN Decade.
Start Year 2021
 
Description CONNECTING EFFORTS ON EQUITY IN OCEAN SCIENCE AND GOVERNANCE INTERNATIONALLY 
Organisation World Wide Fund for Nature
Country Switzerland 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution Ocean Nexus is a research centre funded by the Nippon Foundation of Japan that supports more inclusive ocean governance, so that it includes the voices of ocean communities. The partnership between Ocean Nexus and the Hub started in November 2021 at the initiative of Ocean Nexus, which invited the Hub to deliver a presentation on ocean plastics and human rights at a webinar for the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development on ocean plastics and equity ("The Equity Puzzle of Ocean Litter" on 17 November 2021). This panel was presented by Ocean Voices, a UN Ocean Decade-endorsed action program within the Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center. The panel provided an opportunity for the Hub to connect with other research projects and civil-society initiatives in other regions. It was then followed up in 2022 and 2023 by the co-development of a joint programme of work on ocean plastics and equity for the UN Decade. The preparatory conversation for the event led Ocean Nexus to identify other related areas of international collaboration with the Hub, in relation to the UN Decade in particular, on which to complement respective research and stakeholder engagements, in recognition of the unique contributions of the Hub on human rights and innovative transdisciplinary methodologies. The areas of future collaboration encompass: (1) research co-development, (2) human rights of the child, and (3) blue economy. In February 2022, the Hub and Ocean Nexus planned a joint seminar on research co-development (scheduled in May 2022) for the UN Decade for Ocean Science to showcase Hub research to: unveil the policy and legal dimension to co-development in research (legal obligations, including from a human rights perspective, on how to do research), highlight responsibility of donors to promote good practices and transformative ocean science through co-development; and advance understanding about complexities at local level in co-development of research (e.g. the importance of code of ethics, legal components in research to protect stakeholders, the need for meaningful engagement with stakeholder - not the usual 'stakeholder consultation'). The joint seminar "Co-designing the Decade for equitable outcomes," was held on 11 May 2022 as part of the Ocean Voices program in the Decade "Ocean Decade Laboratory" (See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax7bVwvQ8So). On 28 June 2022, the Hub and Ocean Nexus together with other partners including the University of Strathclyde, Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), World Wide Fund for Nature, Association of Commonwealth Universities, the Danish Institute for Human Rights, and the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) co-organised a joint side-event titled "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies" at the second UN Ocean Conference in Lisbon, Portugal. The event started with the screening of the Hub's film on Ghanaian women fishers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA) followed by a panel discussion on the contentious human rights issues surfacing as blue economy developments expand at scale (https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/). Hub Director, Prof Elisa Morgera, was also invited to the Ocean Nexus' launching of a 4-month Marine Plastic Pollution (MPP) Roadmap Development Project in June 2022. Ocean Nexus was convening an international, multisector group of experts to co-develop between July and November 2022 a 10-year strategic plan to address this issue (https://oceannexus.uw.edu/equity-marine-plastic-pollution-report/). This partnership led Ocean Nexus to mobilise funding for a joint one-year postdoc with the Hub (University of Strathclyde and Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) to further develop children's human rights and ocean literacy as part of the broader program on ocean equity. This provided an opportunity to continue work initiated under the Hub for a PhD student at Nelson Mandela University, Mia Strand. Mia Strand research explores cognitive justice and equity in ocean literacies and children's rights to a healthy ocean. Beyond crucial aspects to all life such as oxygen production, the water cycle, climate regulation, and global food production, a healthy ocean is fundamental to children's wellbeing across the globe, in securing a happy and healthy early years' experience and supporting the transition into adulthood, and their access to sociocultural aspects such as cultural heritage, Indigenous knowledge systems, play and traditions that are inextricably linked to a healthy ocean. However, ocean literacy efforts are often criticised for being didactic, positivistic and science-heavy, focusing on increasing people's (and specifically children's) knowledge of the biophysical aspects of marine ecosystems as understood from a largely Western academic standpoint (see Strand et al., 2023 available from https://brill.com/view/journals/chil/31/4/article-p941_008.xml). UNESCO (2018, available from here: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000260721) has even criticised their own approaches and ocean literacy toolkit, arguing that the work was absent of the voices of Indigenous and local knowledge systems, communities and people in the Global South. Working closely with the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) as a partner organisation, Mia will investigate how ocean literacies efforts can better situate the experiences of children in specific contexts, and emphasise the embodied and place-based influence on children's priorities for, understandings of and interests in a healthy ocean. The research will centre arts-based research approaches such as storytelling, and reflect on ethics and equity in knowledge co-production processes such as transdisciplinarity and participatory approaches. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON), South Africa. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in the Global North: the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Italy. This collaboration include new partnerships with the following organisations: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), Fiji. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: The Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, US; World Wide Fund for Nature, Italy; Association of Commonwealth Universities, UK.
Collaborator Contribution Ocean Nexus seeks to advance ocean research on equity, with projects also in African countries. It has an extensive international network of partners and already an established position within the UN Decade for Ocean Science. It is leading the UN Decade Programme "Ocean Voices - Advancing equity through the Decade" that focuses on inter-disciplinary solutions-oriented research to advancing understanding of problems facing ocean-dependent communities (see: https://oceannexus.uw.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/2021/11/16_Ocean-Voices_Factsheet.pdf). Ocean Nexus expressed willingness to amplify the key messages and methods arising from the One Ocean Hub as original and innovative in the international ocean research landscape, as it shares the same ethos of the Hub to ensure complementarity and avoid duplication of efforts among different research projects. The One Ocean Hub has initially been asked to share expertise, findings, and approaches on human rights via the University of Strathclyde. Hub Director Elisa Morgera has been recognised as a Research Associate of Ocean Nexus (https://oceannexus.uw.edu/about/people/fellows/), which is described as: "The associates are passionate and open-mind to the critical perspectives and sincere to our goal to promote community voices and needs while maintaining academic rigor to continue the effort rather than providing one-stop tools or guidelines. Ocean Nexus honors those researchers who are pushing the boundary in research and recognize that ocean issues are equity/equality issues, and we must act reflexively on our past and current injustice and inequality for urgent changes in systemic and structural injustice." In May 2022, the Hub and Ocean Nexus co-organised a workshop on research co-development for the UN Decade for Ocean Science (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax7bVwvQ8S). The One Ocean Hub's contributions focused on: the process of co-developing the Hub's Code of Practice and learning from its implementation, and on innovative practices and arts-based approaches to transdisciplinary research and stakeholder engagement. Throughout 2022 Ocean Nexus also facilitated connections between: a postdoctoral researcher based at Ocean Nexus who is conducting research on human rights in fisheries in Ghana with the One Ocean Hub's Ghana team to explore collaboration on sustainable fisheries (see other entry under Collaborations); and Hub researchers working on blue economy with Ocean Nexus team who is working on UNEP Blue Economy Index, with a view to supporting Hub research to inform the development of the Index. In addition, as Ocean Nexus's focus region for blue economy research is the Caribbean, which aligns with the Hub's legacy in the same region, Ocean Nexus is interested to build upon the Hub's research findings and experience in conducting research on blue economy in South Africa, Ghana, and Namibia to support jointly cross-regional learning. In 2023, Ocean Nexus provided funding to the One Ocean Hub to advance the collaboration between the two organisations: they have funded Hub's early-career researcher Dr Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa) for a shared 1-year Postdoctoral Fellow starting in January 2024 (to be based at the One Ocean Hub) to focus on human rights of the children and ocean-related health issues. The funding provided by Ocean Nexus include salary and benefits for the Fellow (60-65,000 USD), research support (10-15,000 USD), institutional overhead (10% of the direct cost) and additional research support funding (up to 5,000 USD) to be allocated toward hiring student research assistants at the host institute (Nelson Mandela University) in support of the Fellow's work. The collaboration "Connecting efforts on equity in ocean science and governance internationally" brough policy and public services impacts through its direct contributions in shaping UN Decade for Ocean Science practices in advancing equity in ocean governance that focuses on inter-and-trans- disciplinary solutions-oriented research. The series of two workshops on research co-development and marine plastics and the joint side-event for the UN Ocean Conference co-organised by the Hub, Ocean Nexus and other partners involved in this collaboration advanced the understanding of policy issues, methods, and best practices around ocean research co-development and science-policy interface. Both the Hub and Ocean Nexus have established positions within the UN Decade for Ocean Science with Ocean Nexus leading UN Decade Programme "Ocean Voices - Advancing equity through the Decade" and the Hub's role as the Decade Implementing Partner focusing on transdiciplinarity. The collaboration also delivered demonstrable societal impact as all the two joint workshops and the side-event for the UN Ocean Conference built capacity for over 220 environmental activists, lawyers, governments, regional and international organisations, students, researchers, and general public to advance understanding of the factors influencing the contribution of ocean science and critically identify barriers and enabling conditions for equity, fairness and justice in ocean science for sustainable development. The Ocean Nexus funded postdoctoral research also directly contributes to capacity building of one early-career researcher based in South Africa.
Impact Publications: • Shields et al. (2023). "Children's Human Right to be Heard at the Ocean-Climate Nexus." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38(3), 545-580. https://brill.com/view/journals/estu/38/3/article-p545_6.xml?ebody=pdf-67975 • Strand M, Shields S, Morgera E, McGarry D, Lancaster AM, Brown L and Snow B. (2023). "Protecting Children's Rights to Development and Culture by Re-imagining 'Ocean Literacies.'" The International Journal of Children's Rights 31, 941-975 https://brill.com/view/journals/chil/31/4/article-p941_008.xml?language=en Blogpost: One Ocean Hub, "Mia Strand becomes a research fellow at Ocean Nexus focusing on equity in ocean literacies and children's rights," 12 February 2024. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/mia-strand-becomes-a-research-fellow-at-ocean-nexus-focusing-on-equity-in-ocean-literacies-and-childrens-rights/ Policy brief: Strand M, Shields S and Morgera E. (2023). "Policy brief: 10 key messages for reimagining ocean literacies that consider children's human rights to development and culture." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-10-key-messages-for-reimagining-ocean-literacies-that-consider-childrens-human-rights-to-development-and-culturepolicy-brief/ Joint events: • The organisation of Ocean Nexus Center's UN Decade of Ocean Science event "The Equity Puzzle of Ocean Litter" on 17 November 2021. Reported under Engagement. See: https://oceannexus.uw.edu/our-community/ocean-voices/ocean-litter/ • The organisation of a joint seminar "Co-designing the Decade for equitable outcomes," was held on 11 May 2022 as part of the Ocean Voices program in the Decade "Ocean Decade Laboratory." See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax7bVwvQ8So). • A joint side-event titled "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies" at the UN Ocean Conference in Lisbon, Portugal, 28 June 2022. More information is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/ and here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue Ocean Nexus and the Hub collaboration on marine plastics will produce publication(s) for a special edition with Marine Policy on this topic, and a joint programme of work for the UN Decade.
Start Year 2021
 
Description CUSTOMARY LAW FOR THE OCEAN 
Organisation Environmental Justice Foundation
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution The "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea" Research Network formed in 2020 as a means to bring together One Ocean Hub researchers and collaborators interested in customary laws within an ocean governance context. The Network has included researchers working across multiple Hub research programmes and country-specific programmes who are based in Barbados, Fiji, Ghana, Namibia, Scotland, Solomon Islands, and South Africa. Their disciplinary backgrounds include anthropology, education, environmental and geographical science, history, law, political economy, and sociology. A number of themes have emerged from discussions within this group, particularly: legal pluralism and the status of customary laws within national, regional, and international legal systems; the ongoing legacies of attempts to codify, manipulate, or construct customary laws within non-customary legal structures; the problems and opportunities of recognition; the disconnect between customary laws on the ground and on the books; the relationality of customary laws; and the challenges and opportunities of researcher-community partnerships focused on customary law issues. These themes were explored in 2020-2021 in webinars for World Oceans Week and capacity-building events in partnership with the UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (see separate entry under Collaborations). In 2021, the Network collaborated to produce The Palgrave Handbook on Blue Heritage. The book deconstructs hegemonic values attached to the oceans and the role of national governments in advancing inclusive and transformative ocean governance. It begins with key inputs from global ocean scholars on oceans in human evolution, the place of islands and coasts in human imagination and how humanities and heritage scholarship has engaged with the oceanic identities. The handbook offers a nuanced, region relevant, contemporary conceptualisation of blue heritage, discussing what will be required to achieve an inclusive oceans economy by 2063, the end goal date of the African Union's Agenda 2063. The analysis will be useful to established academics in the field of ocean studies, policymakers and practitioners engaged in research on the ocean economy, as well as graduate scholars in the ocean sciences. The book is in Press and will be published in 2022. In 2022, the Network conducted a series of two workshops on customary laws and (in)tangible heritage within ocean governance as part of the One Ocean Hub's programme for International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA), with the support of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). The first workshop titled "Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Setting the Scene" was organised on 6 May 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU). It focused on scene-setting and baseline setting discussing current developments and recent questions surrounding customary laws and tangible and intangible heritage within ocean governance processes (particularly within Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Assessments, Marine Protected Areas, and Marine Spatial Planning). The workshop was convened by Hub early career researcher, Dr David Wilson (University of Strathclyde) and featured two presentations from Wilmien Wicomb, Legal Resources Centre, South Africa and Balertey Gormey, H?n Mpoano, Ghana. The event recording is available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU. Summary of key messages discussed during the first webinar is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/. The second workshop in the series "Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Reflections from the Pacific" was held on 22nd September 2022. This workshop featured three presentations by Hub early career researcher, Lysa Wini, University of Strathclyde (Solomon Islands); Vatu Molisa, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Project Liason Officer (Vanuatu); and Alifereti Tawake, Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network (Fiji) covering recent perspectives, developments, and questions from the Pacific, particularly Fiji, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. The presentations were followed by questions and discussion surrounding the perspectives, questions, and insights shared. The event recording is available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNZz83dgddE. These two workshops were part of a series of initiatives to support the protection of human rights in the context of the implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). In 2022, South African members of the Network co-developed a new Empatheatre play titled "Umkhosi Wenala" (is Zulu for "Festival of Abundance"), which aims to create an innovative participatory decision-making space where rural youth can have a voice in the creation and management of MPAs that exclude cultural, spiritual and other local perspectives, concerns and questions. The play was co-developed with 13 young artists (Mbazwana Creative Arts) in northern KwaZulu-Natal region and addresses in more details questions related to customary laws, including customary fishing approaches and customary governance structures, building on decades of research by Hub researchers Philile Mbatha. The play is now to be toured nationally, with a view to supporting public debates on the inclusive and integrated creation and management of marine protected areas and the co-development of an " MPA Charter" to influence future policy and practice in this area. On 1-2 February 2023, an internal workshop was held at the University of Namibia by the Network to bring together research teams who have been exploring the role of customary laws in ocean governance in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa for two days of cross-country learning and dialogue. Hub researchers have identified the need for comparative reflections on the current status of customary laws in ocean governance, and have agreed on the structure of a joint, comparative synthesis paper to be completed in 2025. Four internal, virtual write-shops were held later in 2023 to develop the comparative paper, which is currently in a stage of finalisation. From 11-13 June 2024, we convened a three-day peer-to-peer learning workshop focused on Women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Cape Coast, Ghana to bring together in person - for the first time - key knowledge holders from across the small-scale fishing communities that Hub researchers have been collaborating with in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia; University of the West Indies, Barbados. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK. • UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Italy. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Vanuatu; Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network, Fiji. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland.
Collaborator Contribution The partnership brought together a new inter-disciplinary network within the Hub, connecting research across disciplines, scales, and country-focus. This includes connecting early career researchers interested in the themes of customary law and (in)tangible heritage, including seventeen early career researchers based at universities in the Caribbean, Ghana, Scotland, South Africa, and the South Pacific. This partnership has contributed to knowledge sharing and partnerships across different country-focused research as well as connecting country-specific research to international-focused research via the Hub's International Impact Working Group. This has ensured that customary laws and (in)tangible heritage is fully integrated into conversations across the Hub at all levels. The collaboration has led to three webinars. The first, for UN World Oceans Week 2020, was titled "Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation" (11 June 2020) and brought together three scholars examining the impacts and legacies of colonisation and decolonisation on the customs and rights of coastal communities in three case studies across Australia, the Pacific Northwest (the US), and South Africa, and the role that the law plays in the development and dismantling of colonial institutions that continue to have an impact on ocean governance. The second webinar "Domestic Customary Law and Ocean Governance: An Introduction to Different Perspectives and Approaches" (28 September 2020) was organised as a session for UNDOALOS Nippon Fellow Network. This webinar focused on an introduction to domestic customary laws of the coast and sea within the context of ocean governance. This included eight speakers-a mixture of One Ocean Hub researchers and Nippon Fellow Alumni-who provided their perspectives on this issue across distinctive disciplinary (including law, political ecology, anthropology, and history) and regional (including Ghana, South Africa, the Caribbean, and Fiji) contexts. The third webinar, for UN World Oceans Week 2021, was titled "Canoe Culture & Heritage in Ghana" (9 June 2021), which brought together Hub researchers from Strathclyde, Cape Coast, and Nelson Mandela Universities to examine canoe culture as a representation of adaptive maritime cultures, which have been altered and transformed to not only weather social, economic, and technological shifts but also to absorb and thrive over periods of change. The panel discussed that these vessels, which connect marine and terrestrial spaces in coastal Ghana, are an inherent part of the customary laws and (in)tangible heritage of the coast and sea. The Network's work on The Palgrave Handbook on Blue Heritage involved collaboration with more than 25 authors worldwide, including scholars from Australia, US, Seychelles and Goa, India. The editing of the book was a novel inter-disciplinary collaboration between Hub researchers, Professor Rosabelle Boswell, Nelson Mandela University (South Africa), anthropology, and Professor Jeremy Hills, University of South Pacific (Fiji), ocean policy. The individual chapters also brought together Hub researchers that hadn't published together before, from different disciplines: Dr Bola Erinosho (Cape Coast University), Anthea (Nelson Mandela University) and Professor Elisa Morgera (Strathclyde University) from law, Dr Jackie Sunde (Cape Town University) from fisheries policy, and Dr Laura Major, Dr Saskia Vermeylen (Strathclyde University) from anthropology offered a detailed analysis on the challenges of integrating customary law and ocean governance, drawing on key case law in South Africa and Ghana. Dr David Wilson (Strathclyde University, history), Dr Georgina Yaa Oduro, and Dr John Ansah (Cape Coast University, sociology) provided detailed analysis on the narratives of non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day in Ghana. Professor Jeremy Hills (University of South Pacific, environmental science) with Kevin Chand (Blue Ocean Law, law), Dr Mimi George (Holau Vaka Taumako Association, anthropology), Elise Huffer (University of South Pacific, cultural economics), Dr Jale Samuwai (Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, resilience financing analyst) Dr Kati Soapi (Pacific Community, marine science) and Dr Anita Smith (the Australian delegation on the World Heritage Committee, archaeology) on blue heritages in the Pacific, including indigenous epistemology among seafarers in the region. Dr Jessica Thornton (Nelson Mandela University, anthropology) and Dr Ryan Pillay (Nelson Mandela University, arts & culture), offered a chapter on the consequences of the marine protected area for vulnerable communities and indigenes in Tsitsikamma, South Africa. Dr Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, educational sociologist), Dr Kira Erwin (Durban University of Technology, urban sociologist), Dr Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University, environmental science) and Neil Coppen's (writer, director) chapter examined the role of narrative and theatre in storytelling and coastal justice. They offered a sensitive account of the role of Empatheatre in sharing human emotional experience of the sea. In addition, other parts of the book advanced international collaboration with authors and researchers beyond the Hub. The collaborators included: George Abungu, UNESCO cultural specialist and former director of The National Museum of Kenya, David O'Kane Max Planck Institute Germany who wrote on ocean policy in Sierra Leone, Marian de Haan scholar from Zanzibar, Anezia Asse archaeologist from Mozambique, Godfrey Baldacchino island specialist and professor at Malta University, Penda Choppy Seychelles University, Lynn Harris historian, University of North Carolina, Curtis Marean palaeontologist at the State University of Arizona, Pedro Pombo anthropologist Goa University and Isabel Hofmeyr Emeritus professor Witwatersrand University and Charne Lavery, UCT both of whom wrote on oceanic humanities and the place of heritage in this narrative. In 2022, the Network consolidated further external partnerships, notably with international NGOs and indigenous peoples' networks, through the workshop series that was included in the Hub's join programme with FAO and High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture. The workshop series were co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with Hen Mpoano, Ghana; Legal Resource Centre, South Africa; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network. The seminar series encompassed two half-day sessions, focused on exploring customary laws and (in)tangible heritage within the context of ocean governance and, particularly, within the context of Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Assessments, Marine Protected Areas, and Marine Spatial Planning. The first workshop in May 2022 focused scene-setting and baseline setting, inviting collaborators and Hub researchers to share their perspectives on these issues with insight from specific contexts/ ongoing research (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU). This session focused on discussing current developments and recent questions surrounding these issues. Drawing from the discussion of the first workshop and an envisioned focus on consultation, human rights, boundaries, and capacity building, the second workshop in September 2022 covered recent perspectives, developments, and questions from the Pacific, particularly Fiji, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu, on customary law and ocean governance. The workshop series were aimed to push for the need to centre customary laws and (in)tangible heritage of coastal communities within ocean governance processes by connecting the developing research on this theme within the Hub with our partners. In March 2022, the Network organised a conference on African maritime history, "Charting African Waterscapes: A Conference on African Maritime History Across Time and Space." This was the first conference dedicated to this theme in the past decade. While this conference brought together scholars working on diverse aspects of African maritime history across chronological, geographical, and thematic barriers, it remained rooted in the issues of colonialism, law, and (in)tangible heritage that have become central to discussions within the Network. Contributors to this conference were drawn from researchers working in universities across Africa, China, Europe, and the United States. As a result of this conference an edited volume exploring the most recent developments in the field of African maritime history will be produced. This is an essential contribution to any understanding of maritime governance in Africa given that the last volume that explore this theme was published in 2009. In February 2023, the Network held a workshop at the University of Namibia to explore the role of customary laws in ocean governance in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. As a follow up from this workshop, in June 2024, the Network organised a workshop at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, that focuses on women in small-scale fisheries management. This workshop was centred on bringing together in person - for the first time - key knowledge holders from across the small-scale fishing communities that Hub researchers have been collaborating with in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. Focusing on women, whose voices continue to be underrepresented in both national and international dialogue, this workshop will enable three days of focused peer-to-peer dialogue and knowledge exchange. This was be facilitated by Hub researchers from each country team who have been working closely with women fisheries participants from different communities throughout each country. Prior to the workshop, and once the stakeholders were confirmed in dialogue with the interested communities, there was a series of pre-workshop sessions in order to co-design the workshop agenda with communities this cross-exchange is set to benefit, and the specific women involved. This was to ensure that the workshop fits with their particular areas of interest and the topics that they would like to share or learn more from within the broader context of small-scale fisheries management in Africa. This included areas where women have been successful in shaping or leading on fisheries management as well as the challenges and issues that they face or have faced in the past. The workshop was entirely designed around this peer-to-peer learning, in which the researchers involved are there solely to facilitate the dialogue between the community participants. In taking this approach, the Hub researchers involved were determined that the workshop will be as beneficial and valuable to the participating knowledge holders as possible, thereby creating a unique and potentially empowering space that we envision could form the basis of a network of women leaders in the context of African small-scale fisheries. This collaboration brought notable international impacts on UN advisory tools on fisheries governance. Drawing from Hub's research on customary law, researchers involved in this Network also co-developed high-level outputs with FAO. These include (1) FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/); (2) FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022 (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_); (3) the first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022 (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en); and (4) SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). This is reported under a separate entry "BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES." This collaboration demonstrated notable positive societal impacts. A total of 11 events organised as part of this collaboration has provided capacity building to 594 persons on the importance of the recognition of customary law in the context of natural resource management. The events organised under this collaboration on average were attended by over 50 per cent women attendees. The Network consists of 28 researchers in total. Women researchers account for 64 per cent of researchers involved (18 persons). As mentioned above in June 2024 the Network will be organising a workshop at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana that will specifically focus on women in small-scale fisheries management. Disciplines involved: history, marine science, law, sociology, anthropology.
Impact Resultant Outcomes Peer-reviewed journal articles Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative, & International Law. Available from https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478. HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. Mbatha P. (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy. Available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713. Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. Available from https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2. Book chapters Ansah JW, Yaa Oduro G, Wilson D, "Narratives of Non-Compliance in "Tuesday Non-Fishing Day" in Ghana," in Rose Boswell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 357-382. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Boswell, R (ed.), Blue Heritage: Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories and Cultures (Palgrave Macmillan, 2022). Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Boswell R, "Waking up to Wakashio: Marine and Human Disaster in Mauritius," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 225-250. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Christoffels-DuPlessis A, Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S, "Navigating a sea of laws: the quests of small-scale fishing communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights" in Rose Boswell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 325-356. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N, "Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 383-409. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Hills J, Chand K, George M, Huffer E, Kruger J, Samuwai J et al., "Blue Heritage in the Blue Pacific." in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 273-302. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Michalena E, Hills J, "Evolving Hegemonies of Blue Heritage: From Ancient Greece to Today," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 51-73. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Thornton JL, Pillay R, "'Other' Social Consequences of Marine Protection in Tsitsikamma, South Africa," Boswell R et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 411-426. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Blogposts summarising key issues being raised across the webinars. One Ocean Hub (2024), WOMEN IN SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES: PEER-TO-PEER LEARNING WORKSHOP, https://oneoceanhub.org/women-in-small-scale-fisheries-peer-to-peer-learning-workshop/ • One Ocean Hub. (2024). "New short film: 'Mapping for Justice' is about a long-lasting battle for customary rights within South Africa's first UNESCO world heritage site, https://oneoceanhub.org/new-short-film-mapping-for-justice-is-about-a-long-lasting-battle-for-customary-rights-in-a-world-heritage-site/. • McGarry D, Morgera E and Merilainen L. (2022). Fairer and more inclusive marine protected areas through restorative public storytelling, https://oneoceanhub.org/fairer-and-more-inclusive-marine-protected-areas-through-restorative-public-storytelling/. • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Wilson D. (2020). A Brief History of Colonisation, Customary Law, and Indigenous Marine Dispossession, https://oneoceanhub.org/a-brief-history-of-colonisation-customary-law-and-indigenous-marine-dispossession. • Wilson D. (2020). Indigenous Peoples' traditional knowledge and ocean climate action, https://oneoceanhub.org/indigenous-peoples-traditional-knowledge-and-ocean-climate-action/. • Wilson D. (2020). A Brief History of Colonisation, Customary Law, and Indigenous Marine Dispossession, https://oneoceanhub.org/a-brief-history-of-colonisation-customary-law-and-indigenous-marine-dispossession/. • Wilson D. (2021). Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group-The Story So Far (Part One), https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D. (2021). Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group-The Story So Far (Part Two), https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/. • Wilson D. (2022). Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshops, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/. • Wilson D. (2023). Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ Events/Webinars • Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLbzn-lQV0E. This event was organised for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, 11 June 2020 and was attended by around 50 attendees. • Domestic Customary Law & Ocean Governance: An Introduction to Different Perspectives and Approaches, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLbzn-lQV0E. This event was organised for the UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni and was attended by 46 attendees. • Canoe Culture and Heritage in Ghana, 9 June 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tdWFQ9Znank. This event was organised for the UN World Oceans Day 2020 and was attended by 56 attendees. • Dr Jackie Sunde - Decolonizing Marine Governance and Law, https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=sDNbvXSvLDU&t=4s; Dr Saskia Vermeylen - The Saltwater Collection and Sea Rights, https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=zXhSIIB7-OM; and Dr Joshua L. Reid - From "Fishing Together" to "To Fish in Common With", https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QV3NiBdocHE. The three presentation were delivered as part of "Customary Laws of the Sea and the legacy of colonisation," for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, 11 June 2020. The event was attended by 127 attendees. • Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Setting the Scene, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU. The event was organised as part of the Hub's contributions to the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture on 6 May 2022 and was attended by 75 attendees. • Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Reflections from the Pacific, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNZz83dgddE. The event was organised as part of the Hub's contributions to the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture on 22 September 2022. It was attended by 75 attendees. • A roundtable discussion featuring leading academics on "The Ocean and Climate Justice: Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation" COP26 side-event for the Scottish Government Climate Ambition Zone event, 5th November 2021 (hybrid event). Link to recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2145wf54XI. The event was attended by 34 attendees in total. These include 18 attendees who attended the event in person at the Lighthouse, 11 Mitchell Lane. Glasgow, Scotland G1 3NU and 16 attendees who joined the event virtually. • Climate-Related Conflict: Arts-Based Mediation and Recourse to Redress, 10th November 2021. COP26 side-event organised by: The One Ocean Hub, the Strathclyde Centre for Environmental Law and Governance, and the Independent Redress Mechanism (IRM) of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) at Level 3 of the new Learning & Teaching Building, TL328, University of Strathclyde (hybrid event). Link to recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pufOGgRoPrM. The event was attended by 26 attendees. • Indigenous Peoples, Traditional Knowledge, and Ocean-Climate Action led by the One Ocean Hub for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion, 10th November 2022.Event recording is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGLY0jwzllU&t=1432s This event was attended by 77 attendees. • Indigenous Knowledge, Community-based Art Practice and Inclusive Ocean Governance: A Case Study from Vanuatu (led by the Glasgow School of Art and the One Ocean Hub), 17 November 2022, a side event for the Moana Blue Pacific Pavilion at the COP27 Blue Zone, Egypt. Event recording is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQ-VvDVt5xM&t=1s. This event was attended by 16 attendees. • Ocean Climate Spotlights Talk at the Ocean Decade & OceanX Pavilion: an ocean solutions partnership! 10 December 2023, 14.00-15.00 (Dubai time), Ocean Decade + OceanX Pavilion, Blue Zone of COP28, Dubai. This event was attended by 12 attendees. Video/film outputs • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A • Short film 'Mapping for justice', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTr0ARgZfqs
Start Year 2020
 
Description CUSTOMARY LAW FOR THE OCEAN 
Organisation Nelson Mandela University
Country South Africa 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea" Research Network formed in 2020 as a means to bring together One Ocean Hub researchers and collaborators interested in customary laws within an ocean governance context. The Network has included researchers working across multiple Hub research programmes and country-specific programmes who are based in Barbados, Fiji, Ghana, Namibia, Scotland, Solomon Islands, and South Africa. Their disciplinary backgrounds include anthropology, education, environmental and geographical science, history, law, political economy, and sociology. A number of themes have emerged from discussions within this group, particularly: legal pluralism and the status of customary laws within national, regional, and international legal systems; the ongoing legacies of attempts to codify, manipulate, or construct customary laws within non-customary legal structures; the problems and opportunities of recognition; the disconnect between customary laws on the ground and on the books; the relationality of customary laws; and the challenges and opportunities of researcher-community partnerships focused on customary law issues. These themes were explored in 2020-2021 in webinars for World Oceans Week and capacity-building events in partnership with the UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (see separate entry under Collaborations). In 2021, the Network collaborated to produce The Palgrave Handbook on Blue Heritage. The book deconstructs hegemonic values attached to the oceans and the role of national governments in advancing inclusive and transformative ocean governance. It begins with key inputs from global ocean scholars on oceans in human evolution, the place of islands and coasts in human imagination and how humanities and heritage scholarship has engaged with the oceanic identities. The handbook offers a nuanced, region relevant, contemporary conceptualisation of blue heritage, discussing what will be required to achieve an inclusive oceans economy by 2063, the end goal date of the African Union's Agenda 2063. The analysis will be useful to established academics in the field of ocean studies, policymakers and practitioners engaged in research on the ocean economy, as well as graduate scholars in the ocean sciences. The book is in Press and will be published in 2022. In 2022, the Network conducted a series of two workshops on customary laws and (in)tangible heritage within ocean governance as part of the One Ocean Hub's programme for International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA), with the support of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). The first workshop titled "Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Setting the Scene" was organised on 6 May 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU). It focused on scene-setting and baseline setting discussing current developments and recent questions surrounding customary laws and tangible and intangible heritage within ocean governance processes (particularly within Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Assessments, Marine Protected Areas, and Marine Spatial Planning). The workshop was convened by Hub early career researcher, Dr David Wilson (University of Strathclyde) and featured two presentations from Wilmien Wicomb, Legal Resources Centre, South Africa and Balertey Gormey, H?n Mpoano, Ghana. The event recording is available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU. Summary of key messages discussed during the first webinar is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/. The second workshop in the series "Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Reflections from the Pacific" was held on 22nd September 2022. This workshop featured three presentations by Hub early career researcher, Lysa Wini, University of Strathclyde (Solomon Islands); Vatu Molisa, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Project Liason Officer (Vanuatu); and Alifereti Tawake, Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network (Fiji) covering recent perspectives, developments, and questions from the Pacific, particularly Fiji, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. The presentations were followed by questions and discussion surrounding the perspectives, questions, and insights shared. The event recording is available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNZz83dgddE. These two workshops were part of a series of initiatives to support the protection of human rights in the context of the implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). In 2022, South African members of the Network co-developed a new Empatheatre play titled "Umkhosi Wenala" (is Zulu for "Festival of Abundance"), which aims to create an innovative participatory decision-making space where rural youth can have a voice in the creation and management of MPAs that exclude cultural, spiritual and other local perspectives, concerns and questions. The play was co-developed with 13 young artists (Mbazwana Creative Arts) in northern KwaZulu-Natal region and addresses in more details questions related to customary laws, including customary fishing approaches and customary governance structures, building on decades of research by Hub researchers Philile Mbatha. The play is now to be toured nationally, with a view to supporting public debates on the inclusive and integrated creation and management of marine protected areas and the co-development of an " MPA Charter" to influence future policy and practice in this area. On 1-2 February 2023, an internal workshop was held at the University of Namibia by the Network to bring together research teams who have been exploring the role of customary laws in ocean governance in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa for two days of cross-country learning and dialogue. Hub researchers have identified the need for comparative reflections on the current status of customary laws in ocean governance, and have agreed on the structure of a joint, comparative synthesis paper to be completed in 2025. Four internal, virtual write-shops were held later in 2023 to develop the comparative paper, which is currently in a stage of finalisation. From 11-13 June 2024, we convened a three-day peer-to-peer learning workshop focused on Women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Cape Coast, Ghana to bring together in person - for the first time - key knowledge holders from across the small-scale fishing communities that Hub researchers have been collaborating with in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia; University of the West Indies, Barbados. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK. • UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Italy. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Vanuatu; Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network, Fiji. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland.
Collaborator Contribution The partnership brought together a new inter-disciplinary network within the Hub, connecting research across disciplines, scales, and country-focus. This includes connecting early career researchers interested in the themes of customary law and (in)tangible heritage, including seventeen early career researchers based at universities in the Caribbean, Ghana, Scotland, South Africa, and the South Pacific. This partnership has contributed to knowledge sharing and partnerships across different country-focused research as well as connecting country-specific research to international-focused research via the Hub's International Impact Working Group. This has ensured that customary laws and (in)tangible heritage is fully integrated into conversations across the Hub at all levels. The collaboration has led to three webinars. The first, for UN World Oceans Week 2020, was titled "Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation" (11 June 2020) and brought together three scholars examining the impacts and legacies of colonisation and decolonisation on the customs and rights of coastal communities in three case studies across Australia, the Pacific Northwest (the US), and South Africa, and the role that the law plays in the development and dismantling of colonial institutions that continue to have an impact on ocean governance. The second webinar "Domestic Customary Law and Ocean Governance: An Introduction to Different Perspectives and Approaches" (28 September 2020) was organised as a session for UNDOALOS Nippon Fellow Network. This webinar focused on an introduction to domestic customary laws of the coast and sea within the context of ocean governance. This included eight speakers-a mixture of One Ocean Hub researchers and Nippon Fellow Alumni-who provided their perspectives on this issue across distinctive disciplinary (including law, political ecology, anthropology, and history) and regional (including Ghana, South Africa, the Caribbean, and Fiji) contexts. The third webinar, for UN World Oceans Week 2021, was titled "Canoe Culture & Heritage in Ghana" (9 June 2021), which brought together Hub researchers from Strathclyde, Cape Coast, and Nelson Mandela Universities to examine canoe culture as a representation of adaptive maritime cultures, which have been altered and transformed to not only weather social, economic, and technological shifts but also to absorb and thrive over periods of change. The panel discussed that these vessels, which connect marine and terrestrial spaces in coastal Ghana, are an inherent part of the customary laws and (in)tangible heritage of the coast and sea. The Network's work on The Palgrave Handbook on Blue Heritage involved collaboration with more than 25 authors worldwide, including scholars from Australia, US, Seychelles and Goa, India. The editing of the book was a novel inter-disciplinary collaboration between Hub researchers, Professor Rosabelle Boswell, Nelson Mandela University (South Africa), anthropology, and Professor Jeremy Hills, University of South Pacific (Fiji), ocean policy. The individual chapters also brought together Hub researchers that hadn't published together before, from different disciplines: Dr Bola Erinosho (Cape Coast University), Anthea (Nelson Mandela University) and Professor Elisa Morgera (Strathclyde University) from law, Dr Jackie Sunde (Cape Town University) from fisheries policy, and Dr Laura Major, Dr Saskia Vermeylen (Strathclyde University) from anthropology offered a detailed analysis on the challenges of integrating customary law and ocean governance, drawing on key case law in South Africa and Ghana. Dr David Wilson (Strathclyde University, history), Dr Georgina Yaa Oduro, and Dr John Ansah (Cape Coast University, sociology) provided detailed analysis on the narratives of non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day in Ghana. Professor Jeremy Hills (University of South Pacific, environmental science) with Kevin Chand (Blue Ocean Law, law), Dr Mimi George (Holau Vaka Taumako Association, anthropology), Elise Huffer (University of South Pacific, cultural economics), Dr Jale Samuwai (Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, resilience financing analyst) Dr Kati Soapi (Pacific Community, marine science) and Dr Anita Smith (the Australian delegation on the World Heritage Committee, archaeology) on blue heritages in the Pacific, including indigenous epistemology among seafarers in the region. Dr Jessica Thornton (Nelson Mandela University, anthropology) and Dr Ryan Pillay (Nelson Mandela University, arts & culture), offered a chapter on the consequences of the marine protected area for vulnerable communities and indigenes in Tsitsikamma, South Africa. Dr Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, educational sociologist), Dr Kira Erwin (Durban University of Technology, urban sociologist), Dr Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University, environmental science) and Neil Coppen's (writer, director) chapter examined the role of narrative and theatre in storytelling and coastal justice. They offered a sensitive account of the role of Empatheatre in sharing human emotional experience of the sea. In addition, other parts of the book advanced international collaboration with authors and researchers beyond the Hub. The collaborators included: George Abungu, UNESCO cultural specialist and former director of The National Museum of Kenya, David O'Kane Max Planck Institute Germany who wrote on ocean policy in Sierra Leone, Marian de Haan scholar from Zanzibar, Anezia Asse archaeologist from Mozambique, Godfrey Baldacchino island specialist and professor at Malta University, Penda Choppy Seychelles University, Lynn Harris historian, University of North Carolina, Curtis Marean palaeontologist at the State University of Arizona, Pedro Pombo anthropologist Goa University and Isabel Hofmeyr Emeritus professor Witwatersrand University and Charne Lavery, UCT both of whom wrote on oceanic humanities and the place of heritage in this narrative. In 2022, the Network consolidated further external partnerships, notably with international NGOs and indigenous peoples' networks, through the workshop series that was included in the Hub's join programme with FAO and High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture. The workshop series were co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with Hen Mpoano, Ghana; Legal Resource Centre, South Africa; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network. The seminar series encompassed two half-day sessions, focused on exploring customary laws and (in)tangible heritage within the context of ocean governance and, particularly, within the context of Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Assessments, Marine Protected Areas, and Marine Spatial Planning. The first workshop in May 2022 focused scene-setting and baseline setting, inviting collaborators and Hub researchers to share their perspectives on these issues with insight from specific contexts/ ongoing research (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU). This session focused on discussing current developments and recent questions surrounding these issues. Drawing from the discussion of the first workshop and an envisioned focus on consultation, human rights, boundaries, and capacity building, the second workshop in September 2022 covered recent perspectives, developments, and questions from the Pacific, particularly Fiji, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu, on customary law and ocean governance. The workshop series were aimed to push for the need to centre customary laws and (in)tangible heritage of coastal communities within ocean governance processes by connecting the developing research on this theme within the Hub with our partners. In March 2022, the Network organised a conference on African maritime history, "Charting African Waterscapes: A Conference on African Maritime History Across Time and Space." This was the first conference dedicated to this theme in the past decade. While this conference brought together scholars working on diverse aspects of African maritime history across chronological, geographical, and thematic barriers, it remained rooted in the issues of colonialism, law, and (in)tangible heritage that have become central to discussions within the Network. Contributors to this conference were drawn from researchers working in universities across Africa, China, Europe, and the United States. As a result of this conference an edited volume exploring the most recent developments in the field of African maritime history will be produced. This is an essential contribution to any understanding of maritime governance in Africa given that the last volume that explore this theme was published in 2009. In February 2023, the Network held a workshop at the University of Namibia to explore the role of customary laws in ocean governance in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. As a follow up from this workshop, in June 2024, the Network organised a workshop at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, that focuses on women in small-scale fisheries management. This workshop was centred on bringing together in person - for the first time - key knowledge holders from across the small-scale fishing communities that Hub researchers have been collaborating with in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. Focusing on women, whose voices continue to be underrepresented in both national and international dialogue, this workshop will enable three days of focused peer-to-peer dialogue and knowledge exchange. This was be facilitated by Hub researchers from each country team who have been working closely with women fisheries participants from different communities throughout each country. Prior to the workshop, and once the stakeholders were confirmed in dialogue with the interested communities, there was a series of pre-workshop sessions in order to co-design the workshop agenda with communities this cross-exchange is set to benefit, and the specific women involved. This was to ensure that the workshop fits with their particular areas of interest and the topics that they would like to share or learn more from within the broader context of small-scale fisheries management in Africa. This included areas where women have been successful in shaping or leading on fisheries management as well as the challenges and issues that they face or have faced in the past. The workshop was entirely designed around this peer-to-peer learning, in which the researchers involved are there solely to facilitate the dialogue between the community participants. In taking this approach, the Hub researchers involved were determined that the workshop will be as beneficial and valuable to the participating knowledge holders as possible, thereby creating a unique and potentially empowering space that we envision could form the basis of a network of women leaders in the context of African small-scale fisheries. This collaboration brought notable international impacts on UN advisory tools on fisheries governance. Drawing from Hub's research on customary law, researchers involved in this Network also co-developed high-level outputs with FAO. These include (1) FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/); (2) FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022 (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_); (3) the first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022 (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en); and (4) SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). This is reported under a separate entry "BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES." This collaboration demonstrated notable positive societal impacts. A total of 11 events organised as part of this collaboration has provided capacity building to 594 persons on the importance of the recognition of customary law in the context of natural resource management. The events organised under this collaboration on average were attended by over 50 per cent women attendees. The Network consists of 28 researchers in total. Women researchers account for 64 per cent of researchers involved (18 persons). As mentioned above in June 2024 the Network will be organising a workshop at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana that will specifically focus on women in small-scale fisheries management. Disciplines involved: history, marine science, law, sociology, anthropology.
Impact Resultant Outcomes Peer-reviewed journal articles Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative, & International Law. Available from https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478. HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. Mbatha P. (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy. Available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713. Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. Available from https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2. Book chapters Ansah JW, Yaa Oduro G, Wilson D, "Narratives of Non-Compliance in "Tuesday Non-Fishing Day" in Ghana," in Rose Boswell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 357-382. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Boswell, R (ed.), Blue Heritage: Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories and Cultures (Palgrave Macmillan, 2022). Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Boswell R, "Waking up to Wakashio: Marine and Human Disaster in Mauritius," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 225-250. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Christoffels-DuPlessis A, Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S, "Navigating a sea of laws: the quests of small-scale fishing communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights" in Rose Boswell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 325-356. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N, "Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 383-409. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Hills J, Chand K, George M, Huffer E, Kruger J, Samuwai J et al., "Blue Heritage in the Blue Pacific." in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 273-302. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Michalena E, Hills J, "Evolving Hegemonies of Blue Heritage: From Ancient Greece to Today," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 51-73. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Thornton JL, Pillay R, "'Other' Social Consequences of Marine Protection in Tsitsikamma, South Africa," Boswell R et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 411-426. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Blogposts summarising key issues being raised across the webinars. One Ocean Hub (2024), WOMEN IN SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES: PEER-TO-PEER LEARNING WORKSHOP, https://oneoceanhub.org/women-in-small-scale-fisheries-peer-to-peer-learning-workshop/ • One Ocean Hub. (2024). "New short film: 'Mapping for Justice' is about a long-lasting battle for customary rights within South Africa's first UNESCO world heritage site, https://oneoceanhub.org/new-short-film-mapping-for-justice-is-about-a-long-lasting-battle-for-customary-rights-in-a-world-heritage-site/. • McGarry D, Morgera E and Merilainen L. (2022). Fairer and more inclusive marine protected areas through restorative public storytelling, https://oneoceanhub.org/fairer-and-more-inclusive-marine-protected-areas-through-restorative-public-storytelling/. • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Wilson D. (2020). A Brief History of Colonisation, Customary Law, and Indigenous Marine Dispossession, https://oneoceanhub.org/a-brief-history-of-colonisation-customary-law-and-indigenous-marine-dispossession. • Wilson D. (2020). Indigenous Peoples' traditional knowledge and ocean climate action, https://oneoceanhub.org/indigenous-peoples-traditional-knowledge-and-ocean-climate-action/. • Wilson D. (2020). A Brief History of Colonisation, Customary Law, and Indigenous Marine Dispossession, https://oneoceanhub.org/a-brief-history-of-colonisation-customary-law-and-indigenous-marine-dispossession/. • Wilson D. (2021). Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group-The Story So Far (Part One), https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D. (2021). Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group-The Story So Far (Part Two), https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/. • Wilson D. (2022). Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshops, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/. • Wilson D. (2023). Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ Events/Webinars • Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLbzn-lQV0E. This event was organised for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, 11 June 2020 and was attended by around 50 attendees. • Domestic Customary Law & Ocean Governance: An Introduction to Different Perspectives and Approaches, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLbzn-lQV0E. This event was organised for the UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni and was attended by 46 attendees. • Canoe Culture and Heritage in Ghana, 9 June 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tdWFQ9Znank. This event was organised for the UN World Oceans Day 2020 and was attended by 56 attendees. • Dr Jackie Sunde - Decolonizing Marine Governance and Law, https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=sDNbvXSvLDU&t=4s; Dr Saskia Vermeylen - The Saltwater Collection and Sea Rights, https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=zXhSIIB7-OM; and Dr Joshua L. Reid - From "Fishing Together" to "To Fish in Common With", https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QV3NiBdocHE. The three presentation were delivered as part of "Customary Laws of the Sea and the legacy of colonisation," for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, 11 June 2020. The event was attended by 127 attendees. • Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Setting the Scene, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU. The event was organised as part of the Hub's contributions to the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture on 6 May 2022 and was attended by 75 attendees. • Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Reflections from the Pacific, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNZz83dgddE. The event was organised as part of the Hub's contributions to the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture on 22 September 2022. It was attended by 75 attendees. • A roundtable discussion featuring leading academics on "The Ocean and Climate Justice: Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation" COP26 side-event for the Scottish Government Climate Ambition Zone event, 5th November 2021 (hybrid event). Link to recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2145wf54XI. The event was attended by 34 attendees in total. These include 18 attendees who attended the event in person at the Lighthouse, 11 Mitchell Lane. Glasgow, Scotland G1 3NU and 16 attendees who joined the event virtually. • Climate-Related Conflict: Arts-Based Mediation and Recourse to Redress, 10th November 2021. COP26 side-event organised by: The One Ocean Hub, the Strathclyde Centre for Environmental Law and Governance, and the Independent Redress Mechanism (IRM) of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) at Level 3 of the new Learning & Teaching Building, TL328, University of Strathclyde (hybrid event). Link to recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pufOGgRoPrM. The event was attended by 26 attendees. • Indigenous Peoples, Traditional Knowledge, and Ocean-Climate Action led by the One Ocean Hub for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion, 10th November 2022.Event recording is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGLY0jwzllU&t=1432s This event was attended by 77 attendees. • Indigenous Knowledge, Community-based Art Practice and Inclusive Ocean Governance: A Case Study from Vanuatu (led by the Glasgow School of Art and the One Ocean Hub), 17 November 2022, a side event for the Moana Blue Pacific Pavilion at the COP27 Blue Zone, Egypt. Event recording is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQ-VvDVt5xM&t=1s. This event was attended by 16 attendees. • Ocean Climate Spotlights Talk at the Ocean Decade & OceanX Pavilion: an ocean solutions partnership! 10 December 2023, 14.00-15.00 (Dubai time), Ocean Decade + OceanX Pavilion, Blue Zone of COP28, Dubai. This event was attended by 12 attendees. Video/film outputs • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A • Short film 'Mapping for justice', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTr0ARgZfqs
Start Year 2020
 
Description CUSTOMARY LAW FOR THE OCEAN 
Organisation Rhodes University
Country South Africa 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea" Research Network formed in 2020 as a means to bring together One Ocean Hub researchers and collaborators interested in customary laws within an ocean governance context. The Network has included researchers working across multiple Hub research programmes and country-specific programmes who are based in Barbados, Fiji, Ghana, Namibia, Scotland, Solomon Islands, and South Africa. Their disciplinary backgrounds include anthropology, education, environmental and geographical science, history, law, political economy, and sociology. A number of themes have emerged from discussions within this group, particularly: legal pluralism and the status of customary laws within national, regional, and international legal systems; the ongoing legacies of attempts to codify, manipulate, or construct customary laws within non-customary legal structures; the problems and opportunities of recognition; the disconnect between customary laws on the ground and on the books; the relationality of customary laws; and the challenges and opportunities of researcher-community partnerships focused on customary law issues. These themes were explored in 2020-2021 in webinars for World Oceans Week and capacity-building events in partnership with the UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (see separate entry under Collaborations). In 2021, the Network collaborated to produce The Palgrave Handbook on Blue Heritage. The book deconstructs hegemonic values attached to the oceans and the role of national governments in advancing inclusive and transformative ocean governance. It begins with key inputs from global ocean scholars on oceans in human evolution, the place of islands and coasts in human imagination and how humanities and heritage scholarship has engaged with the oceanic identities. The handbook offers a nuanced, region relevant, contemporary conceptualisation of blue heritage, discussing what will be required to achieve an inclusive oceans economy by 2063, the end goal date of the African Union's Agenda 2063. The analysis will be useful to established academics in the field of ocean studies, policymakers and practitioners engaged in research on the ocean economy, as well as graduate scholars in the ocean sciences. The book is in Press and will be published in 2022. In 2022, the Network conducted a series of two workshops on customary laws and (in)tangible heritage within ocean governance as part of the One Ocean Hub's programme for International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA), with the support of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). The first workshop titled "Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Setting the Scene" was organised on 6 May 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU). It focused on scene-setting and baseline setting discussing current developments and recent questions surrounding customary laws and tangible and intangible heritage within ocean governance processes (particularly within Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Assessments, Marine Protected Areas, and Marine Spatial Planning). The workshop was convened by Hub early career researcher, Dr David Wilson (University of Strathclyde) and featured two presentations from Wilmien Wicomb, Legal Resources Centre, South Africa and Balertey Gormey, H?n Mpoano, Ghana. The event recording is available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU. Summary of key messages discussed during the first webinar is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/. The second workshop in the series "Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Reflections from the Pacific" was held on 22nd September 2022. This workshop featured three presentations by Hub early career researcher, Lysa Wini, University of Strathclyde (Solomon Islands); Vatu Molisa, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Project Liason Officer (Vanuatu); and Alifereti Tawake, Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network (Fiji) covering recent perspectives, developments, and questions from the Pacific, particularly Fiji, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. The presentations were followed by questions and discussion surrounding the perspectives, questions, and insights shared. The event recording is available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNZz83dgddE. These two workshops were part of a series of initiatives to support the protection of human rights in the context of the implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). In 2022, South African members of the Network co-developed a new Empatheatre play titled "Umkhosi Wenala" (is Zulu for "Festival of Abundance"), which aims to create an innovative participatory decision-making space where rural youth can have a voice in the creation and management of MPAs that exclude cultural, spiritual and other local perspectives, concerns and questions. The play was co-developed with 13 young artists (Mbazwana Creative Arts) in northern KwaZulu-Natal region and addresses in more details questions related to customary laws, including customary fishing approaches and customary governance structures, building on decades of research by Hub researchers Philile Mbatha. The play is now to be toured nationally, with a view to supporting public debates on the inclusive and integrated creation and management of marine protected areas and the co-development of an " MPA Charter" to influence future policy and practice in this area. On 1-2 February 2023, an internal workshop was held at the University of Namibia by the Network to bring together research teams who have been exploring the role of customary laws in ocean governance in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa for two days of cross-country learning and dialogue. Hub researchers have identified the need for comparative reflections on the current status of customary laws in ocean governance, and have agreed on the structure of a joint, comparative synthesis paper to be completed in 2025. Four internal, virtual write-shops were held later in 2023 to develop the comparative paper, which is currently in a stage of finalisation. From 11-13 June 2024, we convened a three-day peer-to-peer learning workshop focused on Women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Cape Coast, Ghana to bring together in person - for the first time - key knowledge holders from across the small-scale fishing communities that Hub researchers have been collaborating with in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia; University of the West Indies, Barbados. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK. • UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Italy. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Vanuatu; Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network, Fiji. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland.
Collaborator Contribution The partnership brought together a new inter-disciplinary network within the Hub, connecting research across disciplines, scales, and country-focus. This includes connecting early career researchers interested in the themes of customary law and (in)tangible heritage, including seventeen early career researchers based at universities in the Caribbean, Ghana, Scotland, South Africa, and the South Pacific. This partnership has contributed to knowledge sharing and partnerships across different country-focused research as well as connecting country-specific research to international-focused research via the Hub's International Impact Working Group. This has ensured that customary laws and (in)tangible heritage is fully integrated into conversations across the Hub at all levels. The collaboration has led to three webinars. The first, for UN World Oceans Week 2020, was titled "Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation" (11 June 2020) and brought together three scholars examining the impacts and legacies of colonisation and decolonisation on the customs and rights of coastal communities in three case studies across Australia, the Pacific Northwest (the US), and South Africa, and the role that the law plays in the development and dismantling of colonial institutions that continue to have an impact on ocean governance. The second webinar "Domestic Customary Law and Ocean Governance: An Introduction to Different Perspectives and Approaches" (28 September 2020) was organised as a session for UNDOALOS Nippon Fellow Network. This webinar focused on an introduction to domestic customary laws of the coast and sea within the context of ocean governance. This included eight speakers-a mixture of One Ocean Hub researchers and Nippon Fellow Alumni-who provided their perspectives on this issue across distinctive disciplinary (including law, political ecology, anthropology, and history) and regional (including Ghana, South Africa, the Caribbean, and Fiji) contexts. The third webinar, for UN World Oceans Week 2021, was titled "Canoe Culture & Heritage in Ghana" (9 June 2021), which brought together Hub researchers from Strathclyde, Cape Coast, and Nelson Mandela Universities to examine canoe culture as a representation of adaptive maritime cultures, which have been altered and transformed to not only weather social, economic, and technological shifts but also to absorb and thrive over periods of change. The panel discussed that these vessels, which connect marine and terrestrial spaces in coastal Ghana, are an inherent part of the customary laws and (in)tangible heritage of the coast and sea. The Network's work on The Palgrave Handbook on Blue Heritage involved collaboration with more than 25 authors worldwide, including scholars from Australia, US, Seychelles and Goa, India. The editing of the book was a novel inter-disciplinary collaboration between Hub researchers, Professor Rosabelle Boswell, Nelson Mandela University (South Africa), anthropology, and Professor Jeremy Hills, University of South Pacific (Fiji), ocean policy. The individual chapters also brought together Hub researchers that hadn't published together before, from different disciplines: Dr Bola Erinosho (Cape Coast University), Anthea (Nelson Mandela University) and Professor Elisa Morgera (Strathclyde University) from law, Dr Jackie Sunde (Cape Town University) from fisheries policy, and Dr Laura Major, Dr Saskia Vermeylen (Strathclyde University) from anthropology offered a detailed analysis on the challenges of integrating customary law and ocean governance, drawing on key case law in South Africa and Ghana. Dr David Wilson (Strathclyde University, history), Dr Georgina Yaa Oduro, and Dr John Ansah (Cape Coast University, sociology) provided detailed analysis on the narratives of non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day in Ghana. Professor Jeremy Hills (University of South Pacific, environmental science) with Kevin Chand (Blue Ocean Law, law), Dr Mimi George (Holau Vaka Taumako Association, anthropology), Elise Huffer (University of South Pacific, cultural economics), Dr Jale Samuwai (Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, resilience financing analyst) Dr Kati Soapi (Pacific Community, marine science) and Dr Anita Smith (the Australian delegation on the World Heritage Committee, archaeology) on blue heritages in the Pacific, including indigenous epistemology among seafarers in the region. Dr Jessica Thornton (Nelson Mandela University, anthropology) and Dr Ryan Pillay (Nelson Mandela University, arts & culture), offered a chapter on the consequences of the marine protected area for vulnerable communities and indigenes in Tsitsikamma, South Africa. Dr Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, educational sociologist), Dr Kira Erwin (Durban University of Technology, urban sociologist), Dr Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University, environmental science) and Neil Coppen's (writer, director) chapter examined the role of narrative and theatre in storytelling and coastal justice. They offered a sensitive account of the role of Empatheatre in sharing human emotional experience of the sea. In addition, other parts of the book advanced international collaboration with authors and researchers beyond the Hub. The collaborators included: George Abungu, UNESCO cultural specialist and former director of The National Museum of Kenya, David O'Kane Max Planck Institute Germany who wrote on ocean policy in Sierra Leone, Marian de Haan scholar from Zanzibar, Anezia Asse archaeologist from Mozambique, Godfrey Baldacchino island specialist and professor at Malta University, Penda Choppy Seychelles University, Lynn Harris historian, University of North Carolina, Curtis Marean palaeontologist at the State University of Arizona, Pedro Pombo anthropologist Goa University and Isabel Hofmeyr Emeritus professor Witwatersrand University and Charne Lavery, UCT both of whom wrote on oceanic humanities and the place of heritage in this narrative. In 2022, the Network consolidated further external partnerships, notably with international NGOs and indigenous peoples' networks, through the workshop series that was included in the Hub's join programme with FAO and High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture. The workshop series were co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with Hen Mpoano, Ghana; Legal Resource Centre, South Africa; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network. The seminar series encompassed two half-day sessions, focused on exploring customary laws and (in)tangible heritage within the context of ocean governance and, particularly, within the context of Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Assessments, Marine Protected Areas, and Marine Spatial Planning. The first workshop in May 2022 focused scene-setting and baseline setting, inviting collaborators and Hub researchers to share their perspectives on these issues with insight from specific contexts/ ongoing research (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU). This session focused on discussing current developments and recent questions surrounding these issues. Drawing from the discussion of the first workshop and an envisioned focus on consultation, human rights, boundaries, and capacity building, the second workshop in September 2022 covered recent perspectives, developments, and questions from the Pacific, particularly Fiji, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu, on customary law and ocean governance. The workshop series were aimed to push for the need to centre customary laws and (in)tangible heritage of coastal communities within ocean governance processes by connecting the developing research on this theme within the Hub with our partners. In March 2022, the Network organised a conference on African maritime history, "Charting African Waterscapes: A Conference on African Maritime History Across Time and Space." This was the first conference dedicated to this theme in the past decade. While this conference brought together scholars working on diverse aspects of African maritime history across chronological, geographical, and thematic barriers, it remained rooted in the issues of colonialism, law, and (in)tangible heritage that have become central to discussions within the Network. Contributors to this conference were drawn from researchers working in universities across Africa, China, Europe, and the United States. As a result of this conference an edited volume exploring the most recent developments in the field of African maritime history will be produced. This is an essential contribution to any understanding of maritime governance in Africa given that the last volume that explore this theme was published in 2009. In February 2023, the Network held a workshop at the University of Namibia to explore the role of customary laws in ocean governance in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. As a follow up from this workshop, in June 2024, the Network organised a workshop at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, that focuses on women in small-scale fisheries management. This workshop was centred on bringing together in person - for the first time - key knowledge holders from across the small-scale fishing communities that Hub researchers have been collaborating with in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. Focusing on women, whose voices continue to be underrepresented in both national and international dialogue, this workshop will enable three days of focused peer-to-peer dialogue and knowledge exchange. This was be facilitated by Hub researchers from each country team who have been working closely with women fisheries participants from different communities throughout each country. Prior to the workshop, and once the stakeholders were confirmed in dialogue with the interested communities, there was a series of pre-workshop sessions in order to co-design the workshop agenda with communities this cross-exchange is set to benefit, and the specific women involved. This was to ensure that the workshop fits with their particular areas of interest and the topics that they would like to share or learn more from within the broader context of small-scale fisheries management in Africa. This included areas where women have been successful in shaping or leading on fisheries management as well as the challenges and issues that they face or have faced in the past. The workshop was entirely designed around this peer-to-peer learning, in which the researchers involved are there solely to facilitate the dialogue between the community participants. In taking this approach, the Hub researchers involved were determined that the workshop will be as beneficial and valuable to the participating knowledge holders as possible, thereby creating a unique and potentially empowering space that we envision could form the basis of a network of women leaders in the context of African small-scale fisheries. This collaboration brought notable international impacts on UN advisory tools on fisheries governance. Drawing from Hub's research on customary law, researchers involved in this Network also co-developed high-level outputs with FAO. These include (1) FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/); (2) FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022 (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_); (3) the first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022 (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en); and (4) SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). This is reported under a separate entry "BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES." This collaboration demonstrated notable positive societal impacts. A total of 11 events organised as part of this collaboration has provided capacity building to 594 persons on the importance of the recognition of customary law in the context of natural resource management. The events organised under this collaboration on average were attended by over 50 per cent women attendees. The Network consists of 28 researchers in total. Women researchers account for 64 per cent of researchers involved (18 persons). As mentioned above in June 2024 the Network will be organising a workshop at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana that will specifically focus on women in small-scale fisheries management. Disciplines involved: history, marine science, law, sociology, anthropology.
Impact Resultant Outcomes Peer-reviewed journal articles Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative, & International Law. Available from https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478. HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. Mbatha P. (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy. Available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713. Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. Available from https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2. Book chapters Ansah JW, Yaa Oduro G, Wilson D, "Narratives of Non-Compliance in "Tuesday Non-Fishing Day" in Ghana," in Rose Boswell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 357-382. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Boswell, R (ed.), Blue Heritage: Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories and Cultures (Palgrave Macmillan, 2022). Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Boswell R, "Waking up to Wakashio: Marine and Human Disaster in Mauritius," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 225-250. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Christoffels-DuPlessis A, Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S, "Navigating a sea of laws: the quests of small-scale fishing communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights" in Rose Boswell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 325-356. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N, "Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 383-409. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Hills J, Chand K, George M, Huffer E, Kruger J, Samuwai J et al., "Blue Heritage in the Blue Pacific." in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 273-302. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Michalena E, Hills J, "Evolving Hegemonies of Blue Heritage: From Ancient Greece to Today," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 51-73. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Thornton JL, Pillay R, "'Other' Social Consequences of Marine Protection in Tsitsikamma, South Africa," Boswell R et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 411-426. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Blogposts summarising key issues being raised across the webinars. One Ocean Hub (2024), WOMEN IN SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES: PEER-TO-PEER LEARNING WORKSHOP, https://oneoceanhub.org/women-in-small-scale-fisheries-peer-to-peer-learning-workshop/ • One Ocean Hub. (2024). "New short film: 'Mapping for Justice' is about a long-lasting battle for customary rights within South Africa's first UNESCO world heritage site, https://oneoceanhub.org/new-short-film-mapping-for-justice-is-about-a-long-lasting-battle-for-customary-rights-in-a-world-heritage-site/. • McGarry D, Morgera E and Merilainen L. (2022). Fairer and more inclusive marine protected areas through restorative public storytelling, https://oneoceanhub.org/fairer-and-more-inclusive-marine-protected-areas-through-restorative-public-storytelling/. • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Wilson D. (2020). A Brief History of Colonisation, Customary Law, and Indigenous Marine Dispossession, https://oneoceanhub.org/a-brief-history-of-colonisation-customary-law-and-indigenous-marine-dispossession. • Wilson D. (2020). Indigenous Peoples' traditional knowledge and ocean climate action, https://oneoceanhub.org/indigenous-peoples-traditional-knowledge-and-ocean-climate-action/. • Wilson D. (2020). A Brief History of Colonisation, Customary Law, and Indigenous Marine Dispossession, https://oneoceanhub.org/a-brief-history-of-colonisation-customary-law-and-indigenous-marine-dispossession/. • Wilson D. (2021). Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group-The Story So Far (Part One), https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D. (2021). Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group-The Story So Far (Part Two), https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/. • Wilson D. (2022). Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshops, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/. • Wilson D. (2023). Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ Events/Webinars • Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLbzn-lQV0E. This event was organised for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, 11 June 2020 and was attended by around 50 attendees. • Domestic Customary Law & Ocean Governance: An Introduction to Different Perspectives and Approaches, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLbzn-lQV0E. This event was organised for the UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni and was attended by 46 attendees. • Canoe Culture and Heritage in Ghana, 9 June 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tdWFQ9Znank. This event was organised for the UN World Oceans Day 2020 and was attended by 56 attendees. • Dr Jackie Sunde - Decolonizing Marine Governance and Law, https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=sDNbvXSvLDU&t=4s; Dr Saskia Vermeylen - The Saltwater Collection and Sea Rights, https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=zXhSIIB7-OM; and Dr Joshua L. Reid - From "Fishing Together" to "To Fish in Common With", https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QV3NiBdocHE. The three presentation were delivered as part of "Customary Laws of the Sea and the legacy of colonisation," for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, 11 June 2020. The event was attended by 127 attendees. • Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Setting the Scene, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU. The event was organised as part of the Hub's contributions to the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture on 6 May 2022 and was attended by 75 attendees. • Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Reflections from the Pacific, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNZz83dgddE. The event was organised as part of the Hub's contributions to the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture on 22 September 2022. It was attended by 75 attendees. • A roundtable discussion featuring leading academics on "The Ocean and Climate Justice: Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation" COP26 side-event for the Scottish Government Climate Ambition Zone event, 5th November 2021 (hybrid event). Link to recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2145wf54XI. The event was attended by 34 attendees in total. These include 18 attendees who attended the event in person at the Lighthouse, 11 Mitchell Lane. Glasgow, Scotland G1 3NU and 16 attendees who joined the event virtually. • Climate-Related Conflict: Arts-Based Mediation and Recourse to Redress, 10th November 2021. COP26 side-event organised by: The One Ocean Hub, the Strathclyde Centre for Environmental Law and Governance, and the Independent Redress Mechanism (IRM) of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) at Level 3 of the new Learning & Teaching Building, TL328, University of Strathclyde (hybrid event). Link to recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pufOGgRoPrM. The event was attended by 26 attendees. • Indigenous Peoples, Traditional Knowledge, and Ocean-Climate Action led by the One Ocean Hub for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion, 10th November 2022.Event recording is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGLY0jwzllU&t=1432s This event was attended by 77 attendees. • Indigenous Knowledge, Community-based Art Practice and Inclusive Ocean Governance: A Case Study from Vanuatu (led by the Glasgow School of Art and the One Ocean Hub), 17 November 2022, a side event for the Moana Blue Pacific Pavilion at the COP27 Blue Zone, Egypt. Event recording is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQ-VvDVt5xM&t=1s. This event was attended by 16 attendees. • Ocean Climate Spotlights Talk at the Ocean Decade & OceanX Pavilion: an ocean solutions partnership! 10 December 2023, 14.00-15.00 (Dubai time), Ocean Decade + OceanX Pavilion, Blue Zone of COP28, Dubai. This event was attended by 12 attendees. Video/film outputs • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A • Short film 'Mapping for justice', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTr0ARgZfqs
Start Year 2020
 
Description CUSTOMARY LAW FOR THE OCEAN 
Organisation UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea
Country United States 
Sector Private 
PI Contribution The "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea" Research Network formed in 2020 as a means to bring together One Ocean Hub researchers and collaborators interested in customary laws within an ocean governance context. The Network has included researchers working across multiple Hub research programmes and country-specific programmes who are based in Barbados, Fiji, Ghana, Namibia, Scotland, Solomon Islands, and South Africa. Their disciplinary backgrounds include anthropology, education, environmental and geographical science, history, law, political economy, and sociology. A number of themes have emerged from discussions within this group, particularly: legal pluralism and the status of customary laws within national, regional, and international legal systems; the ongoing legacies of attempts to codify, manipulate, or construct customary laws within non-customary legal structures; the problems and opportunities of recognition; the disconnect between customary laws on the ground and on the books; the relationality of customary laws; and the challenges and opportunities of researcher-community partnerships focused on customary law issues. These themes were explored in 2020-2021 in webinars for World Oceans Week and capacity-building events in partnership with the UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (see separate entry under Collaborations). In 2021, the Network collaborated to produce The Palgrave Handbook on Blue Heritage. The book deconstructs hegemonic values attached to the oceans and the role of national governments in advancing inclusive and transformative ocean governance. It begins with key inputs from global ocean scholars on oceans in human evolution, the place of islands and coasts in human imagination and how humanities and heritage scholarship has engaged with the oceanic identities. The handbook offers a nuanced, region relevant, contemporary conceptualisation of blue heritage, discussing what will be required to achieve an inclusive oceans economy by 2063, the end goal date of the African Union's Agenda 2063. The analysis will be useful to established academics in the field of ocean studies, policymakers and practitioners engaged in research on the ocean economy, as well as graduate scholars in the ocean sciences. The book is in Press and will be published in 2022. In 2022, the Network conducted a series of two workshops on customary laws and (in)tangible heritage within ocean governance as part of the One Ocean Hub's programme for International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA), with the support of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). The first workshop titled "Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Setting the Scene" was organised on 6 May 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU). It focused on scene-setting and baseline setting discussing current developments and recent questions surrounding customary laws and tangible and intangible heritage within ocean governance processes (particularly within Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Assessments, Marine Protected Areas, and Marine Spatial Planning). The workshop was convened by Hub early career researcher, Dr David Wilson (University of Strathclyde) and featured two presentations from Wilmien Wicomb, Legal Resources Centre, South Africa and Balertey Gormey, H?n Mpoano, Ghana. The event recording is available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU. Summary of key messages discussed during the first webinar is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/. The second workshop in the series "Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Reflections from the Pacific" was held on 22nd September 2022. This workshop featured three presentations by Hub early career researcher, Lysa Wini, University of Strathclyde (Solomon Islands); Vatu Molisa, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Project Liason Officer (Vanuatu); and Alifereti Tawake, Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network (Fiji) covering recent perspectives, developments, and questions from the Pacific, particularly Fiji, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. The presentations were followed by questions and discussion surrounding the perspectives, questions, and insights shared. The event recording is available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNZz83dgddE. These two workshops were part of a series of initiatives to support the protection of human rights in the context of the implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). In 2022, South African members of the Network co-developed a new Empatheatre play titled "Umkhosi Wenala" (is Zulu for "Festival of Abundance"), which aims to create an innovative participatory decision-making space where rural youth can have a voice in the creation and management of MPAs that exclude cultural, spiritual and other local perspectives, concerns and questions. The play was co-developed with 13 young artists (Mbazwana Creative Arts) in northern KwaZulu-Natal region and addresses in more details questions related to customary laws, including customary fishing approaches and customary governance structures, building on decades of research by Hub researchers Philile Mbatha. The play is now to be toured nationally, with a view to supporting public debates on the inclusive and integrated creation and management of marine protected areas and the co-development of an " MPA Charter" to influence future policy and practice in this area. On 1-2 February 2023, an internal workshop was held at the University of Namibia by the Network to bring together research teams who have been exploring the role of customary laws in ocean governance in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa for two days of cross-country learning and dialogue. Hub researchers have identified the need for comparative reflections on the current status of customary laws in ocean governance, and have agreed on the structure of a joint, comparative synthesis paper to be completed in 2025. Four internal, virtual write-shops were held later in 2023 to develop the comparative paper, which is currently in a stage of finalisation. From 11-13 June 2024, we convened a three-day peer-to-peer learning workshop focused on Women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Cape Coast, Ghana to bring together in person - for the first time - key knowledge holders from across the small-scale fishing communities that Hub researchers have been collaborating with in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia; University of the West Indies, Barbados. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK. • UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Italy. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Vanuatu; Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network, Fiji. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland.
Collaborator Contribution The partnership brought together a new inter-disciplinary network within the Hub, connecting research across disciplines, scales, and country-focus. This includes connecting early career researchers interested in the themes of customary law and (in)tangible heritage, including seventeen early career researchers based at universities in the Caribbean, Ghana, Scotland, South Africa, and the South Pacific. This partnership has contributed to knowledge sharing and partnerships across different country-focused research as well as connecting country-specific research to international-focused research via the Hub's International Impact Working Group. This has ensured that customary laws and (in)tangible heritage is fully integrated into conversations across the Hub at all levels. The collaboration has led to three webinars. The first, for UN World Oceans Week 2020, was titled "Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation" (11 June 2020) and brought together three scholars examining the impacts and legacies of colonisation and decolonisation on the customs and rights of coastal communities in three case studies across Australia, the Pacific Northwest (the US), and South Africa, and the role that the law plays in the development and dismantling of colonial institutions that continue to have an impact on ocean governance. The second webinar "Domestic Customary Law and Ocean Governance: An Introduction to Different Perspectives and Approaches" (28 September 2020) was organised as a session for UNDOALOS Nippon Fellow Network. This webinar focused on an introduction to domestic customary laws of the coast and sea within the context of ocean governance. This included eight speakers-a mixture of One Ocean Hub researchers and Nippon Fellow Alumni-who provided their perspectives on this issue across distinctive disciplinary (including law, political ecology, anthropology, and history) and regional (including Ghana, South Africa, the Caribbean, and Fiji) contexts. The third webinar, for UN World Oceans Week 2021, was titled "Canoe Culture & Heritage in Ghana" (9 June 2021), which brought together Hub researchers from Strathclyde, Cape Coast, and Nelson Mandela Universities to examine canoe culture as a representation of adaptive maritime cultures, which have been altered and transformed to not only weather social, economic, and technological shifts but also to absorb and thrive over periods of change. The panel discussed that these vessels, which connect marine and terrestrial spaces in coastal Ghana, are an inherent part of the customary laws and (in)tangible heritage of the coast and sea. The Network's work on The Palgrave Handbook on Blue Heritage involved collaboration with more than 25 authors worldwide, including scholars from Australia, US, Seychelles and Goa, India. The editing of the book was a novel inter-disciplinary collaboration between Hub researchers, Professor Rosabelle Boswell, Nelson Mandela University (South Africa), anthropology, and Professor Jeremy Hills, University of South Pacific (Fiji), ocean policy. The individual chapters also brought together Hub researchers that hadn't published together before, from different disciplines: Dr Bola Erinosho (Cape Coast University), Anthea (Nelson Mandela University) and Professor Elisa Morgera (Strathclyde University) from law, Dr Jackie Sunde (Cape Town University) from fisheries policy, and Dr Laura Major, Dr Saskia Vermeylen (Strathclyde University) from anthropology offered a detailed analysis on the challenges of integrating customary law and ocean governance, drawing on key case law in South Africa and Ghana. Dr David Wilson (Strathclyde University, history), Dr Georgina Yaa Oduro, and Dr John Ansah (Cape Coast University, sociology) provided detailed analysis on the narratives of non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day in Ghana. Professor Jeremy Hills (University of South Pacific, environmental science) with Kevin Chand (Blue Ocean Law, law), Dr Mimi George (Holau Vaka Taumako Association, anthropology), Elise Huffer (University of South Pacific, cultural economics), Dr Jale Samuwai (Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, resilience financing analyst) Dr Kati Soapi (Pacific Community, marine science) and Dr Anita Smith (the Australian delegation on the World Heritage Committee, archaeology) on blue heritages in the Pacific, including indigenous epistemology among seafarers in the region. Dr Jessica Thornton (Nelson Mandela University, anthropology) and Dr Ryan Pillay (Nelson Mandela University, arts & culture), offered a chapter on the consequences of the marine protected area for vulnerable communities and indigenes in Tsitsikamma, South Africa. Dr Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, educational sociologist), Dr Kira Erwin (Durban University of Technology, urban sociologist), Dr Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University, environmental science) and Neil Coppen's (writer, director) chapter examined the role of narrative and theatre in storytelling and coastal justice. They offered a sensitive account of the role of Empatheatre in sharing human emotional experience of the sea. In addition, other parts of the book advanced international collaboration with authors and researchers beyond the Hub. The collaborators included: George Abungu, UNESCO cultural specialist and former director of The National Museum of Kenya, David O'Kane Max Planck Institute Germany who wrote on ocean policy in Sierra Leone, Marian de Haan scholar from Zanzibar, Anezia Asse archaeologist from Mozambique, Godfrey Baldacchino island specialist and professor at Malta University, Penda Choppy Seychelles University, Lynn Harris historian, University of North Carolina, Curtis Marean palaeontologist at the State University of Arizona, Pedro Pombo anthropologist Goa University and Isabel Hofmeyr Emeritus professor Witwatersrand University and Charne Lavery, UCT both of whom wrote on oceanic humanities and the place of heritage in this narrative. In 2022, the Network consolidated further external partnerships, notably with international NGOs and indigenous peoples' networks, through the workshop series that was included in the Hub's join programme with FAO and High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture. The workshop series were co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with Hen Mpoano, Ghana; Legal Resource Centre, South Africa; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network. The seminar series encompassed two half-day sessions, focused on exploring customary laws and (in)tangible heritage within the context of ocean governance and, particularly, within the context of Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Assessments, Marine Protected Areas, and Marine Spatial Planning. The first workshop in May 2022 focused scene-setting and baseline setting, inviting collaborators and Hub researchers to share their perspectives on these issues with insight from specific contexts/ ongoing research (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU). This session focused on discussing current developments and recent questions surrounding these issues. Drawing from the discussion of the first workshop and an envisioned focus on consultation, human rights, boundaries, and capacity building, the second workshop in September 2022 covered recent perspectives, developments, and questions from the Pacific, particularly Fiji, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu, on customary law and ocean governance. The workshop series were aimed to push for the need to centre customary laws and (in)tangible heritage of coastal communities within ocean governance processes by connecting the developing research on this theme within the Hub with our partners. In March 2022, the Network organised a conference on African maritime history, "Charting African Waterscapes: A Conference on African Maritime History Across Time and Space." This was the first conference dedicated to this theme in the past decade. While this conference brought together scholars working on diverse aspects of African maritime history across chronological, geographical, and thematic barriers, it remained rooted in the issues of colonialism, law, and (in)tangible heritage that have become central to discussions within the Network. Contributors to this conference were drawn from researchers working in universities across Africa, China, Europe, and the United States. As a result of this conference an edited volume exploring the most recent developments in the field of African maritime history will be produced. This is an essential contribution to any understanding of maritime governance in Africa given that the last volume that explore this theme was published in 2009. In February 2023, the Network held a workshop at the University of Namibia to explore the role of customary laws in ocean governance in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. As a follow up from this workshop, in June 2024, the Network organised a workshop at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, that focuses on women in small-scale fisheries management. This workshop was centred on bringing together in person - for the first time - key knowledge holders from across the small-scale fishing communities that Hub researchers have been collaborating with in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. Focusing on women, whose voices continue to be underrepresented in both national and international dialogue, this workshop will enable three days of focused peer-to-peer dialogue and knowledge exchange. This was be facilitated by Hub researchers from each country team who have been working closely with women fisheries participants from different communities throughout each country. Prior to the workshop, and once the stakeholders were confirmed in dialogue with the interested communities, there was a series of pre-workshop sessions in order to co-design the workshop agenda with communities this cross-exchange is set to benefit, and the specific women involved. This was to ensure that the workshop fits with their particular areas of interest and the topics that they would like to share or learn more from within the broader context of small-scale fisheries management in Africa. This included areas where women have been successful in shaping or leading on fisheries management as well as the challenges and issues that they face or have faced in the past. The workshop was entirely designed around this peer-to-peer learning, in which the researchers involved are there solely to facilitate the dialogue between the community participants. In taking this approach, the Hub researchers involved were determined that the workshop will be as beneficial and valuable to the participating knowledge holders as possible, thereby creating a unique and potentially empowering space that we envision could form the basis of a network of women leaders in the context of African small-scale fisheries. This collaboration brought notable international impacts on UN advisory tools on fisheries governance. Drawing from Hub's research on customary law, researchers involved in this Network also co-developed high-level outputs with FAO. These include (1) FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/); (2) FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022 (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_); (3) the first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022 (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en); and (4) SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). This is reported under a separate entry "BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES." This collaboration demonstrated notable positive societal impacts. A total of 11 events organised as part of this collaboration has provided capacity building to 594 persons on the importance of the recognition of customary law in the context of natural resource management. The events organised under this collaboration on average were attended by over 50 per cent women attendees. The Network consists of 28 researchers in total. Women researchers account for 64 per cent of researchers involved (18 persons). As mentioned above in June 2024 the Network will be organising a workshop at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana that will specifically focus on women in small-scale fisheries management. Disciplines involved: history, marine science, law, sociology, anthropology.
Impact Resultant Outcomes Peer-reviewed journal articles Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative, & International Law. Available from https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478. HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. Mbatha P. (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy. Available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713. Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. Available from https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2. Book chapters Ansah JW, Yaa Oduro G, Wilson D, "Narratives of Non-Compliance in "Tuesday Non-Fishing Day" in Ghana," in Rose Boswell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 357-382. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Boswell, R (ed.), Blue Heritage: Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories and Cultures (Palgrave Macmillan, 2022). Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Boswell R, "Waking up to Wakashio: Marine and Human Disaster in Mauritius," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 225-250. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Christoffels-DuPlessis A, Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S, "Navigating a sea of laws: the quests of small-scale fishing communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights" in Rose Boswell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 325-356. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N, "Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 383-409. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Hills J, Chand K, George M, Huffer E, Kruger J, Samuwai J et al., "Blue Heritage in the Blue Pacific." in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 273-302. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Michalena E, Hills J, "Evolving Hegemonies of Blue Heritage: From Ancient Greece to Today," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 51-73. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Thornton JL, Pillay R, "'Other' Social Consequences of Marine Protection in Tsitsikamma, South Africa," Boswell R et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 411-426. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Blogposts summarising key issues being raised across the webinars. One Ocean Hub (2024), WOMEN IN SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES: PEER-TO-PEER LEARNING WORKSHOP, https://oneoceanhub.org/women-in-small-scale-fisheries-peer-to-peer-learning-workshop/ • One Ocean Hub. (2024). "New short film: 'Mapping for Justice' is about a long-lasting battle for customary rights within South Africa's first UNESCO world heritage site, https://oneoceanhub.org/new-short-film-mapping-for-justice-is-about-a-long-lasting-battle-for-customary-rights-in-a-world-heritage-site/. • McGarry D, Morgera E and Merilainen L. (2022). Fairer and more inclusive marine protected areas through restorative public storytelling, https://oneoceanhub.org/fairer-and-more-inclusive-marine-protected-areas-through-restorative-public-storytelling/. • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Wilson D. (2020). A Brief History of Colonisation, Customary Law, and Indigenous Marine Dispossession, https://oneoceanhub.org/a-brief-history-of-colonisation-customary-law-and-indigenous-marine-dispossession. • Wilson D. (2020). Indigenous Peoples' traditional knowledge and ocean climate action, https://oneoceanhub.org/indigenous-peoples-traditional-knowledge-and-ocean-climate-action/. • Wilson D. (2020). A Brief History of Colonisation, Customary Law, and Indigenous Marine Dispossession, https://oneoceanhub.org/a-brief-history-of-colonisation-customary-law-and-indigenous-marine-dispossession/. • Wilson D. (2021). Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group-The Story So Far (Part One), https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D. (2021). Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group-The Story So Far (Part Two), https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/. • Wilson D. (2022). Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshops, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/. • Wilson D. (2023). Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ Events/Webinars • Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLbzn-lQV0E. This event was organised for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, 11 June 2020 and was attended by around 50 attendees. • Domestic Customary Law & Ocean Governance: An Introduction to Different Perspectives and Approaches, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLbzn-lQV0E. This event was organised for the UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni and was attended by 46 attendees. • Canoe Culture and Heritage in Ghana, 9 June 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tdWFQ9Znank. This event was organised for the UN World Oceans Day 2020 and was attended by 56 attendees. • Dr Jackie Sunde - Decolonizing Marine Governance and Law, https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=sDNbvXSvLDU&t=4s; Dr Saskia Vermeylen - The Saltwater Collection and Sea Rights, https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=zXhSIIB7-OM; and Dr Joshua L. Reid - From "Fishing Together" to "To Fish in Common With", https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QV3NiBdocHE. The three presentation were delivered as part of "Customary Laws of the Sea and the legacy of colonisation," for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, 11 June 2020. The event was attended by 127 attendees. • Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Setting the Scene, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU. The event was organised as part of the Hub's contributions to the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture on 6 May 2022 and was attended by 75 attendees. • Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Reflections from the Pacific, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNZz83dgddE. The event was organised as part of the Hub's contributions to the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture on 22 September 2022. It was attended by 75 attendees. • A roundtable discussion featuring leading academics on "The Ocean and Climate Justice: Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation" COP26 side-event for the Scottish Government Climate Ambition Zone event, 5th November 2021 (hybrid event). Link to recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2145wf54XI. The event was attended by 34 attendees in total. These include 18 attendees who attended the event in person at the Lighthouse, 11 Mitchell Lane. Glasgow, Scotland G1 3NU and 16 attendees who joined the event virtually. • Climate-Related Conflict: Arts-Based Mediation and Recourse to Redress, 10th November 2021. COP26 side-event organised by: The One Ocean Hub, the Strathclyde Centre for Environmental Law and Governance, and the Independent Redress Mechanism (IRM) of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) at Level 3 of the new Learning & Teaching Building, TL328, University of Strathclyde (hybrid event). Link to recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pufOGgRoPrM. The event was attended by 26 attendees. • Indigenous Peoples, Traditional Knowledge, and Ocean-Climate Action led by the One Ocean Hub for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion, 10th November 2022.Event recording is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGLY0jwzllU&t=1432s This event was attended by 77 attendees. • Indigenous Knowledge, Community-based Art Practice and Inclusive Ocean Governance: A Case Study from Vanuatu (led by the Glasgow School of Art and the One Ocean Hub), 17 November 2022, a side event for the Moana Blue Pacific Pavilion at the COP27 Blue Zone, Egypt. Event recording is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQ-VvDVt5xM&t=1s. This event was attended by 16 attendees. • Ocean Climate Spotlights Talk at the Ocean Decade & OceanX Pavilion: an ocean solutions partnership! 10 December 2023, 14.00-15.00 (Dubai time), Ocean Decade + OceanX Pavilion, Blue Zone of COP28, Dubai. This event was attended by 12 attendees. Video/film outputs • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A • Short film 'Mapping for justice', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTr0ARgZfqs
Start Year 2020
 
Description CUSTOMARY LAW FOR THE OCEAN 
Organisation United Nations (UN)
Department Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Country Switzerland 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution The "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea" Research Network formed in 2020 as a means to bring together One Ocean Hub researchers and collaborators interested in customary laws within an ocean governance context. The Network has included researchers working across multiple Hub research programmes and country-specific programmes who are based in Barbados, Fiji, Ghana, Namibia, Scotland, Solomon Islands, and South Africa. Their disciplinary backgrounds include anthropology, education, environmental and geographical science, history, law, political economy, and sociology. A number of themes have emerged from discussions within this group, particularly: legal pluralism and the status of customary laws within national, regional, and international legal systems; the ongoing legacies of attempts to codify, manipulate, or construct customary laws within non-customary legal structures; the problems and opportunities of recognition; the disconnect between customary laws on the ground and on the books; the relationality of customary laws; and the challenges and opportunities of researcher-community partnerships focused on customary law issues. These themes were explored in 2020-2021 in webinars for World Oceans Week and capacity-building events in partnership with the UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (see separate entry under Collaborations). In 2021, the Network collaborated to produce The Palgrave Handbook on Blue Heritage. The book deconstructs hegemonic values attached to the oceans and the role of national governments in advancing inclusive and transformative ocean governance. It begins with key inputs from global ocean scholars on oceans in human evolution, the place of islands and coasts in human imagination and how humanities and heritage scholarship has engaged with the oceanic identities. The handbook offers a nuanced, region relevant, contemporary conceptualisation of blue heritage, discussing what will be required to achieve an inclusive oceans economy by 2063, the end goal date of the African Union's Agenda 2063. The analysis will be useful to established academics in the field of ocean studies, policymakers and practitioners engaged in research on the ocean economy, as well as graduate scholars in the ocean sciences. The book is in Press and will be published in 2022. In 2022, the Network conducted a series of two workshops on customary laws and (in)tangible heritage within ocean governance as part of the One Ocean Hub's programme for International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA), with the support of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). The first workshop titled "Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Setting the Scene" was organised on 6 May 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU). It focused on scene-setting and baseline setting discussing current developments and recent questions surrounding customary laws and tangible and intangible heritage within ocean governance processes (particularly within Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Assessments, Marine Protected Areas, and Marine Spatial Planning). The workshop was convened by Hub early career researcher, Dr David Wilson (University of Strathclyde) and featured two presentations from Wilmien Wicomb, Legal Resources Centre, South Africa and Balertey Gormey, H?n Mpoano, Ghana. The event recording is available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU. Summary of key messages discussed during the first webinar is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/. The second workshop in the series "Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Reflections from the Pacific" was held on 22nd September 2022. This workshop featured three presentations by Hub early career researcher, Lysa Wini, University of Strathclyde (Solomon Islands); Vatu Molisa, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Project Liason Officer (Vanuatu); and Alifereti Tawake, Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network (Fiji) covering recent perspectives, developments, and questions from the Pacific, particularly Fiji, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. The presentations were followed by questions and discussion surrounding the perspectives, questions, and insights shared. The event recording is available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNZz83dgddE. These two workshops were part of a series of initiatives to support the protection of human rights in the context of the implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). In 2022, South African members of the Network co-developed a new Empatheatre play titled "Umkhosi Wenala" (is Zulu for "Festival of Abundance"), which aims to create an innovative participatory decision-making space where rural youth can have a voice in the creation and management of MPAs that exclude cultural, spiritual and other local perspectives, concerns and questions. The play was co-developed with 13 young artists (Mbazwana Creative Arts) in northern KwaZulu-Natal region and addresses in more details questions related to customary laws, including customary fishing approaches and customary governance structures, building on decades of research by Hub researchers Philile Mbatha. The play is now to be toured nationally, with a view to supporting public debates on the inclusive and integrated creation and management of marine protected areas and the co-development of an " MPA Charter" to influence future policy and practice in this area. On 1-2 February 2023, an internal workshop was held at the University of Namibia by the Network to bring together research teams who have been exploring the role of customary laws in ocean governance in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa for two days of cross-country learning and dialogue. Hub researchers have identified the need for comparative reflections on the current status of customary laws in ocean governance, and have agreed on the structure of a joint, comparative synthesis paper to be completed in 2025. Four internal, virtual write-shops were held later in 2023 to develop the comparative paper, which is currently in a stage of finalisation. From 11-13 June 2024, we convened a three-day peer-to-peer learning workshop focused on Women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Cape Coast, Ghana to bring together in person - for the first time - key knowledge holders from across the small-scale fishing communities that Hub researchers have been collaborating with in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia; University of the West Indies, Barbados. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK. • UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Italy. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Vanuatu; Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network, Fiji. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland.
Collaborator Contribution The partnership brought together a new inter-disciplinary network within the Hub, connecting research across disciplines, scales, and country-focus. This includes connecting early career researchers interested in the themes of customary law and (in)tangible heritage, including seventeen early career researchers based at universities in the Caribbean, Ghana, Scotland, South Africa, and the South Pacific. This partnership has contributed to knowledge sharing and partnerships across different country-focused research as well as connecting country-specific research to international-focused research via the Hub's International Impact Working Group. This has ensured that customary laws and (in)tangible heritage is fully integrated into conversations across the Hub at all levels. The collaboration has led to three webinars. The first, for UN World Oceans Week 2020, was titled "Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation" (11 June 2020) and brought together three scholars examining the impacts and legacies of colonisation and decolonisation on the customs and rights of coastal communities in three case studies across Australia, the Pacific Northwest (the US), and South Africa, and the role that the law plays in the development and dismantling of colonial institutions that continue to have an impact on ocean governance. The second webinar "Domestic Customary Law and Ocean Governance: An Introduction to Different Perspectives and Approaches" (28 September 2020) was organised as a session for UNDOALOS Nippon Fellow Network. This webinar focused on an introduction to domestic customary laws of the coast and sea within the context of ocean governance. This included eight speakers-a mixture of One Ocean Hub researchers and Nippon Fellow Alumni-who provided their perspectives on this issue across distinctive disciplinary (including law, political ecology, anthropology, and history) and regional (including Ghana, South Africa, the Caribbean, and Fiji) contexts. The third webinar, for UN World Oceans Week 2021, was titled "Canoe Culture & Heritage in Ghana" (9 June 2021), which brought together Hub researchers from Strathclyde, Cape Coast, and Nelson Mandela Universities to examine canoe culture as a representation of adaptive maritime cultures, which have been altered and transformed to not only weather social, economic, and technological shifts but also to absorb and thrive over periods of change. The panel discussed that these vessels, which connect marine and terrestrial spaces in coastal Ghana, are an inherent part of the customary laws and (in)tangible heritage of the coast and sea. The Network's work on The Palgrave Handbook on Blue Heritage involved collaboration with more than 25 authors worldwide, including scholars from Australia, US, Seychelles and Goa, India. The editing of the book was a novel inter-disciplinary collaboration between Hub researchers, Professor Rosabelle Boswell, Nelson Mandela University (South Africa), anthropology, and Professor Jeremy Hills, University of South Pacific (Fiji), ocean policy. The individual chapters also brought together Hub researchers that hadn't published together before, from different disciplines: Dr Bola Erinosho (Cape Coast University), Anthea (Nelson Mandela University) and Professor Elisa Morgera (Strathclyde University) from law, Dr Jackie Sunde (Cape Town University) from fisheries policy, and Dr Laura Major, Dr Saskia Vermeylen (Strathclyde University) from anthropology offered a detailed analysis on the challenges of integrating customary law and ocean governance, drawing on key case law in South Africa and Ghana. Dr David Wilson (Strathclyde University, history), Dr Georgina Yaa Oduro, and Dr John Ansah (Cape Coast University, sociology) provided detailed analysis on the narratives of non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day in Ghana. Professor Jeremy Hills (University of South Pacific, environmental science) with Kevin Chand (Blue Ocean Law, law), Dr Mimi George (Holau Vaka Taumako Association, anthropology), Elise Huffer (University of South Pacific, cultural economics), Dr Jale Samuwai (Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, resilience financing analyst) Dr Kati Soapi (Pacific Community, marine science) and Dr Anita Smith (the Australian delegation on the World Heritage Committee, archaeology) on blue heritages in the Pacific, including indigenous epistemology among seafarers in the region. Dr Jessica Thornton (Nelson Mandela University, anthropology) and Dr Ryan Pillay (Nelson Mandela University, arts & culture), offered a chapter on the consequences of the marine protected area for vulnerable communities and indigenes in Tsitsikamma, South Africa. Dr Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, educational sociologist), Dr Kira Erwin (Durban University of Technology, urban sociologist), Dr Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University, environmental science) and Neil Coppen's (writer, director) chapter examined the role of narrative and theatre in storytelling and coastal justice. They offered a sensitive account of the role of Empatheatre in sharing human emotional experience of the sea. In addition, other parts of the book advanced international collaboration with authors and researchers beyond the Hub. The collaborators included: George Abungu, UNESCO cultural specialist and former director of The National Museum of Kenya, David O'Kane Max Planck Institute Germany who wrote on ocean policy in Sierra Leone, Marian de Haan scholar from Zanzibar, Anezia Asse archaeologist from Mozambique, Godfrey Baldacchino island specialist and professor at Malta University, Penda Choppy Seychelles University, Lynn Harris historian, University of North Carolina, Curtis Marean palaeontologist at the State University of Arizona, Pedro Pombo anthropologist Goa University and Isabel Hofmeyr Emeritus professor Witwatersrand University and Charne Lavery, UCT both of whom wrote on oceanic humanities and the place of heritage in this narrative. In 2022, the Network consolidated further external partnerships, notably with international NGOs and indigenous peoples' networks, through the workshop series that was included in the Hub's join programme with FAO and High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture. The workshop series were co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with Hen Mpoano, Ghana; Legal Resource Centre, South Africa; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network. The seminar series encompassed two half-day sessions, focused on exploring customary laws and (in)tangible heritage within the context of ocean governance and, particularly, within the context of Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Assessments, Marine Protected Areas, and Marine Spatial Planning. The first workshop in May 2022 focused scene-setting and baseline setting, inviting collaborators and Hub researchers to share their perspectives on these issues with insight from specific contexts/ ongoing research (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU). This session focused on discussing current developments and recent questions surrounding these issues. Drawing from the discussion of the first workshop and an envisioned focus on consultation, human rights, boundaries, and capacity building, the second workshop in September 2022 covered recent perspectives, developments, and questions from the Pacific, particularly Fiji, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu, on customary law and ocean governance. The workshop series were aimed to push for the need to centre customary laws and (in)tangible heritage of coastal communities within ocean governance processes by connecting the developing research on this theme within the Hub with our partners. In March 2022, the Network organised a conference on African maritime history, "Charting African Waterscapes: A Conference on African Maritime History Across Time and Space." This was the first conference dedicated to this theme in the past decade. While this conference brought together scholars working on diverse aspects of African maritime history across chronological, geographical, and thematic barriers, it remained rooted in the issues of colonialism, law, and (in)tangible heritage that have become central to discussions within the Network. Contributors to this conference were drawn from researchers working in universities across Africa, China, Europe, and the United States. As a result of this conference an edited volume exploring the most recent developments in the field of African maritime history will be produced. This is an essential contribution to any understanding of maritime governance in Africa given that the last volume that explore this theme was published in 2009. In February 2023, the Network held a workshop at the University of Namibia to explore the role of customary laws in ocean governance in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. As a follow up from this workshop, in June 2024, the Network organised a workshop at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, that focuses on women in small-scale fisheries management. This workshop was centred on bringing together in person - for the first time - key knowledge holders from across the small-scale fishing communities that Hub researchers have been collaborating with in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. Focusing on women, whose voices continue to be underrepresented in both national and international dialogue, this workshop will enable three days of focused peer-to-peer dialogue and knowledge exchange. This was be facilitated by Hub researchers from each country team who have been working closely with women fisheries participants from different communities throughout each country. Prior to the workshop, and once the stakeholders were confirmed in dialogue with the interested communities, there was a series of pre-workshop sessions in order to co-design the workshop agenda with communities this cross-exchange is set to benefit, and the specific women involved. This was to ensure that the workshop fits with their particular areas of interest and the topics that they would like to share or learn more from within the broader context of small-scale fisheries management in Africa. This included areas where women have been successful in shaping or leading on fisheries management as well as the challenges and issues that they face or have faced in the past. The workshop was entirely designed around this peer-to-peer learning, in which the researchers involved are there solely to facilitate the dialogue between the community participants. In taking this approach, the Hub researchers involved were determined that the workshop will be as beneficial and valuable to the participating knowledge holders as possible, thereby creating a unique and potentially empowering space that we envision could form the basis of a network of women leaders in the context of African small-scale fisheries. This collaboration brought notable international impacts on UN advisory tools on fisheries governance. Drawing from Hub's research on customary law, researchers involved in this Network also co-developed high-level outputs with FAO. These include (1) FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/); (2) FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022 (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_); (3) the first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022 (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en); and (4) SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). This is reported under a separate entry "BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES." This collaboration demonstrated notable positive societal impacts. A total of 11 events organised as part of this collaboration has provided capacity building to 594 persons on the importance of the recognition of customary law in the context of natural resource management. The events organised under this collaboration on average were attended by over 50 per cent women attendees. The Network consists of 28 researchers in total. Women researchers account for 64 per cent of researchers involved (18 persons). As mentioned above in June 2024 the Network will be organising a workshop at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana that will specifically focus on women in small-scale fisheries management. Disciplines involved: history, marine science, law, sociology, anthropology.
Impact Resultant Outcomes Peer-reviewed journal articles Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative, & International Law. Available from https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478. HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. Mbatha P. (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy. Available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713. Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. Available from https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2. Book chapters Ansah JW, Yaa Oduro G, Wilson D, "Narratives of Non-Compliance in "Tuesday Non-Fishing Day" in Ghana," in Rose Boswell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 357-382. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Boswell, R (ed.), Blue Heritage: Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories and Cultures (Palgrave Macmillan, 2022). Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Boswell R, "Waking up to Wakashio: Marine and Human Disaster in Mauritius," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 225-250. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Christoffels-DuPlessis A, Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S, "Navigating a sea of laws: the quests of small-scale fishing communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights" in Rose Boswell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 325-356. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N, "Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 383-409. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Hills J, Chand K, George M, Huffer E, Kruger J, Samuwai J et al., "Blue Heritage in the Blue Pacific." in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 273-302. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Michalena E, Hills J, "Evolving Hegemonies of Blue Heritage: From Ancient Greece to Today," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 51-73. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Thornton JL, Pillay R, "'Other' Social Consequences of Marine Protection in Tsitsikamma, South Africa," Boswell R et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 411-426. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Blogposts summarising key issues being raised across the webinars. One Ocean Hub (2024), WOMEN IN SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES: PEER-TO-PEER LEARNING WORKSHOP, https://oneoceanhub.org/women-in-small-scale-fisheries-peer-to-peer-learning-workshop/ • One Ocean Hub. (2024). "New short film: 'Mapping for Justice' is about a long-lasting battle for customary rights within South Africa's first UNESCO world heritage site, https://oneoceanhub.org/new-short-film-mapping-for-justice-is-about-a-long-lasting-battle-for-customary-rights-in-a-world-heritage-site/. • McGarry D, Morgera E and Merilainen L. (2022). Fairer and more inclusive marine protected areas through restorative public storytelling, https://oneoceanhub.org/fairer-and-more-inclusive-marine-protected-areas-through-restorative-public-storytelling/. • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Wilson D. (2020). A Brief History of Colonisation, Customary Law, and Indigenous Marine Dispossession, https://oneoceanhub.org/a-brief-history-of-colonisation-customary-law-and-indigenous-marine-dispossession. • Wilson D. (2020). Indigenous Peoples' traditional knowledge and ocean climate action, https://oneoceanhub.org/indigenous-peoples-traditional-knowledge-and-ocean-climate-action/. • Wilson D. (2020). A Brief History of Colonisation, Customary Law, and Indigenous Marine Dispossession, https://oneoceanhub.org/a-brief-history-of-colonisation-customary-law-and-indigenous-marine-dispossession/. • Wilson D. (2021). Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group-The Story So Far (Part One), https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D. (2021). Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group-The Story So Far (Part Two), https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/. • Wilson D. (2022). Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshops, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/. • Wilson D. (2023). Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ Events/Webinars • Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLbzn-lQV0E. This event was organised for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, 11 June 2020 and was attended by around 50 attendees. • Domestic Customary Law & Ocean Governance: An Introduction to Different Perspectives and Approaches, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLbzn-lQV0E. This event was organised for the UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni and was attended by 46 attendees. • Canoe Culture and Heritage in Ghana, 9 June 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tdWFQ9Znank. This event was organised for the UN World Oceans Day 2020 and was attended by 56 attendees. • Dr Jackie Sunde - Decolonizing Marine Governance and Law, https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=sDNbvXSvLDU&t=4s; Dr Saskia Vermeylen - The Saltwater Collection and Sea Rights, https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=zXhSIIB7-OM; and Dr Joshua L. Reid - From "Fishing Together" to "To Fish in Common With", https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QV3NiBdocHE. The three presentation were delivered as part of "Customary Laws of the Sea and the legacy of colonisation," for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, 11 June 2020. The event was attended by 127 attendees. • Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Setting the Scene, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU. The event was organised as part of the Hub's contributions to the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture on 6 May 2022 and was attended by 75 attendees. • Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Reflections from the Pacific, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNZz83dgddE. The event was organised as part of the Hub's contributions to the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture on 22 September 2022. It was attended by 75 attendees. • A roundtable discussion featuring leading academics on "The Ocean and Climate Justice: Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation" COP26 side-event for the Scottish Government Climate Ambition Zone event, 5th November 2021 (hybrid event). Link to recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2145wf54XI. The event was attended by 34 attendees in total. These include 18 attendees who attended the event in person at the Lighthouse, 11 Mitchell Lane. Glasgow, Scotland G1 3NU and 16 attendees who joined the event virtually. • Climate-Related Conflict: Arts-Based Mediation and Recourse to Redress, 10th November 2021. COP26 side-event organised by: The One Ocean Hub, the Strathclyde Centre for Environmental Law and Governance, and the Independent Redress Mechanism (IRM) of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) at Level 3 of the new Learning & Teaching Building, TL328, University of Strathclyde (hybrid event). Link to recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pufOGgRoPrM. The event was attended by 26 attendees. • Indigenous Peoples, Traditional Knowledge, and Ocean-Climate Action led by the One Ocean Hub for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion, 10th November 2022.Event recording is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGLY0jwzllU&t=1432s This event was attended by 77 attendees. • Indigenous Knowledge, Community-based Art Practice and Inclusive Ocean Governance: A Case Study from Vanuatu (led by the Glasgow School of Art and the One Ocean Hub), 17 November 2022, a side event for the Moana Blue Pacific Pavilion at the COP27 Blue Zone, Egypt. Event recording is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQ-VvDVt5xM&t=1s. This event was attended by 16 attendees. • Ocean Climate Spotlights Talk at the Ocean Decade & OceanX Pavilion: an ocean solutions partnership! 10 December 2023, 14.00-15.00 (Dubai time), Ocean Decade + OceanX Pavilion, Blue Zone of COP28, Dubai. This event was attended by 12 attendees. Video/film outputs • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A • Short film 'Mapping for justice', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTr0ARgZfqs
Start Year 2020
 
Description CUSTOMARY LAW FOR THE OCEAN 
Organisation United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organisation
Country Italy 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution The "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea" Research Network formed in 2020 as a means to bring together One Ocean Hub researchers and collaborators interested in customary laws within an ocean governance context. The Network has included researchers working across multiple Hub research programmes and country-specific programmes who are based in Barbados, Fiji, Ghana, Namibia, Scotland, Solomon Islands, and South Africa. Their disciplinary backgrounds include anthropology, education, environmental and geographical science, history, law, political economy, and sociology. A number of themes have emerged from discussions within this group, particularly: legal pluralism and the status of customary laws within national, regional, and international legal systems; the ongoing legacies of attempts to codify, manipulate, or construct customary laws within non-customary legal structures; the problems and opportunities of recognition; the disconnect between customary laws on the ground and on the books; the relationality of customary laws; and the challenges and opportunities of researcher-community partnerships focused on customary law issues. These themes were explored in 2020-2021 in webinars for World Oceans Week and capacity-building events in partnership with the UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (see separate entry under Collaborations). In 2021, the Network collaborated to produce The Palgrave Handbook on Blue Heritage. The book deconstructs hegemonic values attached to the oceans and the role of national governments in advancing inclusive and transformative ocean governance. It begins with key inputs from global ocean scholars on oceans in human evolution, the place of islands and coasts in human imagination and how humanities and heritage scholarship has engaged with the oceanic identities. The handbook offers a nuanced, region relevant, contemporary conceptualisation of blue heritage, discussing what will be required to achieve an inclusive oceans economy by 2063, the end goal date of the African Union's Agenda 2063. The analysis will be useful to established academics in the field of ocean studies, policymakers and practitioners engaged in research on the ocean economy, as well as graduate scholars in the ocean sciences. The book is in Press and will be published in 2022. In 2022, the Network conducted a series of two workshops on customary laws and (in)tangible heritage within ocean governance as part of the One Ocean Hub's programme for International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA), with the support of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). The first workshop titled "Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Setting the Scene" was organised on 6 May 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU). It focused on scene-setting and baseline setting discussing current developments and recent questions surrounding customary laws and tangible and intangible heritage within ocean governance processes (particularly within Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Assessments, Marine Protected Areas, and Marine Spatial Planning). The workshop was convened by Hub early career researcher, Dr David Wilson (University of Strathclyde) and featured two presentations from Wilmien Wicomb, Legal Resources Centre, South Africa and Balertey Gormey, H?n Mpoano, Ghana. The event recording is available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU. Summary of key messages discussed during the first webinar is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/. The second workshop in the series "Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Reflections from the Pacific" was held on 22nd September 2022. This workshop featured three presentations by Hub early career researcher, Lysa Wini, University of Strathclyde (Solomon Islands); Vatu Molisa, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Project Liason Officer (Vanuatu); and Alifereti Tawake, Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network (Fiji) covering recent perspectives, developments, and questions from the Pacific, particularly Fiji, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. The presentations were followed by questions and discussion surrounding the perspectives, questions, and insights shared. The event recording is available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNZz83dgddE. These two workshops were part of a series of initiatives to support the protection of human rights in the context of the implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). In 2022, South African members of the Network co-developed a new Empatheatre play titled "Umkhosi Wenala" (is Zulu for "Festival of Abundance"), which aims to create an innovative participatory decision-making space where rural youth can have a voice in the creation and management of MPAs that exclude cultural, spiritual and other local perspectives, concerns and questions. The play was co-developed with 13 young artists (Mbazwana Creative Arts) in northern KwaZulu-Natal region and addresses in more details questions related to customary laws, including customary fishing approaches and customary governance structures, building on decades of research by Hub researchers Philile Mbatha. The play is now to be toured nationally, with a view to supporting public debates on the inclusive and integrated creation and management of marine protected areas and the co-development of an " MPA Charter" to influence future policy and practice in this area. On 1-2 February 2023, an internal workshop was held at the University of Namibia by the Network to bring together research teams who have been exploring the role of customary laws in ocean governance in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa for two days of cross-country learning and dialogue. Hub researchers have identified the need for comparative reflections on the current status of customary laws in ocean governance, and have agreed on the structure of a joint, comparative synthesis paper to be completed in 2025. Four internal, virtual write-shops were held later in 2023 to develop the comparative paper, which is currently in a stage of finalisation. From 11-13 June 2024, we convened a three-day peer-to-peer learning workshop focused on Women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Cape Coast, Ghana to bring together in person - for the first time - key knowledge holders from across the small-scale fishing communities that Hub researchers have been collaborating with in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia; University of the West Indies, Barbados. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK. • UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Italy. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Vanuatu; Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network, Fiji. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland.
Collaborator Contribution The partnership brought together a new inter-disciplinary network within the Hub, connecting research across disciplines, scales, and country-focus. This includes connecting early career researchers interested in the themes of customary law and (in)tangible heritage, including seventeen early career researchers based at universities in the Caribbean, Ghana, Scotland, South Africa, and the South Pacific. This partnership has contributed to knowledge sharing and partnerships across different country-focused research as well as connecting country-specific research to international-focused research via the Hub's International Impact Working Group. This has ensured that customary laws and (in)tangible heritage is fully integrated into conversations across the Hub at all levels. The collaboration has led to three webinars. The first, for UN World Oceans Week 2020, was titled "Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation" (11 June 2020) and brought together three scholars examining the impacts and legacies of colonisation and decolonisation on the customs and rights of coastal communities in three case studies across Australia, the Pacific Northwest (the US), and South Africa, and the role that the law plays in the development and dismantling of colonial institutions that continue to have an impact on ocean governance. The second webinar "Domestic Customary Law and Ocean Governance: An Introduction to Different Perspectives and Approaches" (28 September 2020) was organised as a session for UNDOALOS Nippon Fellow Network. This webinar focused on an introduction to domestic customary laws of the coast and sea within the context of ocean governance. This included eight speakers-a mixture of One Ocean Hub researchers and Nippon Fellow Alumni-who provided their perspectives on this issue across distinctive disciplinary (including law, political ecology, anthropology, and history) and regional (including Ghana, South Africa, the Caribbean, and Fiji) contexts. The third webinar, for UN World Oceans Week 2021, was titled "Canoe Culture & Heritage in Ghana" (9 June 2021), which brought together Hub researchers from Strathclyde, Cape Coast, and Nelson Mandela Universities to examine canoe culture as a representation of adaptive maritime cultures, which have been altered and transformed to not only weather social, economic, and technological shifts but also to absorb and thrive over periods of change. The panel discussed that these vessels, which connect marine and terrestrial spaces in coastal Ghana, are an inherent part of the customary laws and (in)tangible heritage of the coast and sea. The Network's work on The Palgrave Handbook on Blue Heritage involved collaboration with more than 25 authors worldwide, including scholars from Australia, US, Seychelles and Goa, India. The editing of the book was a novel inter-disciplinary collaboration between Hub researchers, Professor Rosabelle Boswell, Nelson Mandela University (South Africa), anthropology, and Professor Jeremy Hills, University of South Pacific (Fiji), ocean policy. The individual chapters also brought together Hub researchers that hadn't published together before, from different disciplines: Dr Bola Erinosho (Cape Coast University), Anthea (Nelson Mandela University) and Professor Elisa Morgera (Strathclyde University) from law, Dr Jackie Sunde (Cape Town University) from fisheries policy, and Dr Laura Major, Dr Saskia Vermeylen (Strathclyde University) from anthropology offered a detailed analysis on the challenges of integrating customary law and ocean governance, drawing on key case law in South Africa and Ghana. Dr David Wilson (Strathclyde University, history), Dr Georgina Yaa Oduro, and Dr John Ansah (Cape Coast University, sociology) provided detailed analysis on the narratives of non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day in Ghana. Professor Jeremy Hills (University of South Pacific, environmental science) with Kevin Chand (Blue Ocean Law, law), Dr Mimi George (Holau Vaka Taumako Association, anthropology), Elise Huffer (University of South Pacific, cultural economics), Dr Jale Samuwai (Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, resilience financing analyst) Dr Kati Soapi (Pacific Community, marine science) and Dr Anita Smith (the Australian delegation on the World Heritage Committee, archaeology) on blue heritages in the Pacific, including indigenous epistemology among seafarers in the region. Dr Jessica Thornton (Nelson Mandela University, anthropology) and Dr Ryan Pillay (Nelson Mandela University, arts & culture), offered a chapter on the consequences of the marine protected area for vulnerable communities and indigenes in Tsitsikamma, South Africa. Dr Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, educational sociologist), Dr Kira Erwin (Durban University of Technology, urban sociologist), Dr Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University, environmental science) and Neil Coppen's (writer, director) chapter examined the role of narrative and theatre in storytelling and coastal justice. They offered a sensitive account of the role of Empatheatre in sharing human emotional experience of the sea. In addition, other parts of the book advanced international collaboration with authors and researchers beyond the Hub. The collaborators included: George Abungu, UNESCO cultural specialist and former director of The National Museum of Kenya, David O'Kane Max Planck Institute Germany who wrote on ocean policy in Sierra Leone, Marian de Haan scholar from Zanzibar, Anezia Asse archaeologist from Mozambique, Godfrey Baldacchino island specialist and professor at Malta University, Penda Choppy Seychelles University, Lynn Harris historian, University of North Carolina, Curtis Marean palaeontologist at the State University of Arizona, Pedro Pombo anthropologist Goa University and Isabel Hofmeyr Emeritus professor Witwatersrand University and Charne Lavery, UCT both of whom wrote on oceanic humanities and the place of heritage in this narrative. In 2022, the Network consolidated further external partnerships, notably with international NGOs and indigenous peoples' networks, through the workshop series that was included in the Hub's join programme with FAO and High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture. The workshop series were co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with Hen Mpoano, Ghana; Legal Resource Centre, South Africa; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network. The seminar series encompassed two half-day sessions, focused on exploring customary laws and (in)tangible heritage within the context of ocean governance and, particularly, within the context of Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Assessments, Marine Protected Areas, and Marine Spatial Planning. The first workshop in May 2022 focused scene-setting and baseline setting, inviting collaborators and Hub researchers to share their perspectives on these issues with insight from specific contexts/ ongoing research (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU). This session focused on discussing current developments and recent questions surrounding these issues. Drawing from the discussion of the first workshop and an envisioned focus on consultation, human rights, boundaries, and capacity building, the second workshop in September 2022 covered recent perspectives, developments, and questions from the Pacific, particularly Fiji, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu, on customary law and ocean governance. The workshop series were aimed to push for the need to centre customary laws and (in)tangible heritage of coastal communities within ocean governance processes by connecting the developing research on this theme within the Hub with our partners. In March 2022, the Network organised a conference on African maritime history, "Charting African Waterscapes: A Conference on African Maritime History Across Time and Space." This was the first conference dedicated to this theme in the past decade. While this conference brought together scholars working on diverse aspects of African maritime history across chronological, geographical, and thematic barriers, it remained rooted in the issues of colonialism, law, and (in)tangible heritage that have become central to discussions within the Network. Contributors to this conference were drawn from researchers working in universities across Africa, China, Europe, and the United States. As a result of this conference an edited volume exploring the most recent developments in the field of African maritime history will be produced. This is an essential contribution to any understanding of maritime governance in Africa given that the last volume that explore this theme was published in 2009. In February 2023, the Network held a workshop at the University of Namibia to explore the role of customary laws in ocean governance in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. As a follow up from this workshop, in June 2024, the Network organised a workshop at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, that focuses on women in small-scale fisheries management. This workshop was centred on bringing together in person - for the first time - key knowledge holders from across the small-scale fishing communities that Hub researchers have been collaborating with in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. Focusing on women, whose voices continue to be underrepresented in both national and international dialogue, this workshop will enable three days of focused peer-to-peer dialogue and knowledge exchange. This was be facilitated by Hub researchers from each country team who have been working closely with women fisheries participants from different communities throughout each country. Prior to the workshop, and once the stakeholders were confirmed in dialogue with the interested communities, there was a series of pre-workshop sessions in order to co-design the workshop agenda with communities this cross-exchange is set to benefit, and the specific women involved. This was to ensure that the workshop fits with their particular areas of interest and the topics that they would like to share or learn more from within the broader context of small-scale fisheries management in Africa. This included areas where women have been successful in shaping or leading on fisheries management as well as the challenges and issues that they face or have faced in the past. The workshop was entirely designed around this peer-to-peer learning, in which the researchers involved are there solely to facilitate the dialogue between the community participants. In taking this approach, the Hub researchers involved were determined that the workshop will be as beneficial and valuable to the participating knowledge holders as possible, thereby creating a unique and potentially empowering space that we envision could form the basis of a network of women leaders in the context of African small-scale fisheries. This collaboration brought notable international impacts on UN advisory tools on fisheries governance. Drawing from Hub's research on customary law, researchers involved in this Network also co-developed high-level outputs with FAO. These include (1) FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/); (2) FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022 (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_); (3) the first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022 (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en); and (4) SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). This is reported under a separate entry "BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES." This collaboration demonstrated notable positive societal impacts. A total of 11 events organised as part of this collaboration has provided capacity building to 594 persons on the importance of the recognition of customary law in the context of natural resource management. The events organised under this collaboration on average were attended by over 50 per cent women attendees. The Network consists of 28 researchers in total. Women researchers account for 64 per cent of researchers involved (18 persons). As mentioned above in June 2024 the Network will be organising a workshop at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana that will specifically focus on women in small-scale fisheries management. Disciplines involved: history, marine science, law, sociology, anthropology.
Impact Resultant Outcomes Peer-reviewed journal articles Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative, & International Law. Available from https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478. HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. Mbatha P. (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy. Available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713. Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. Available from https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2. Book chapters Ansah JW, Yaa Oduro G, Wilson D, "Narratives of Non-Compliance in "Tuesday Non-Fishing Day" in Ghana," in Rose Boswell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 357-382. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Boswell, R (ed.), Blue Heritage: Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories and Cultures (Palgrave Macmillan, 2022). Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Boswell R, "Waking up to Wakashio: Marine and Human Disaster in Mauritius," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 225-250. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Christoffels-DuPlessis A, Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S, "Navigating a sea of laws: the quests of small-scale fishing communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights" in Rose Boswell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 325-356. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N, "Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 383-409. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Hills J, Chand K, George M, Huffer E, Kruger J, Samuwai J et al., "Blue Heritage in the Blue Pacific." in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 273-302. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Michalena E, Hills J, "Evolving Hegemonies of Blue Heritage: From Ancient Greece to Today," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 51-73. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Thornton JL, Pillay R, "'Other' Social Consequences of Marine Protection in Tsitsikamma, South Africa," Boswell R et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 411-426. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Blogposts summarising key issues being raised across the webinars. One Ocean Hub (2024), WOMEN IN SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES: PEER-TO-PEER LEARNING WORKSHOP, https://oneoceanhub.org/women-in-small-scale-fisheries-peer-to-peer-learning-workshop/ • One Ocean Hub. (2024). "New short film: 'Mapping for Justice' is about a long-lasting battle for customary rights within South Africa's first UNESCO world heritage site, https://oneoceanhub.org/new-short-film-mapping-for-justice-is-about-a-long-lasting-battle-for-customary-rights-in-a-world-heritage-site/. • McGarry D, Morgera E and Merilainen L. (2022). Fairer and more inclusive marine protected areas through restorative public storytelling, https://oneoceanhub.org/fairer-and-more-inclusive-marine-protected-areas-through-restorative-public-storytelling/. • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Wilson D. (2020). A Brief History of Colonisation, Customary Law, and Indigenous Marine Dispossession, https://oneoceanhub.org/a-brief-history-of-colonisation-customary-law-and-indigenous-marine-dispossession. • Wilson D. (2020). Indigenous Peoples' traditional knowledge and ocean climate action, https://oneoceanhub.org/indigenous-peoples-traditional-knowledge-and-ocean-climate-action/. • Wilson D. (2020). A Brief History of Colonisation, Customary Law, and Indigenous Marine Dispossession, https://oneoceanhub.org/a-brief-history-of-colonisation-customary-law-and-indigenous-marine-dispossession/. • Wilson D. (2021). Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group-The Story So Far (Part One), https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D. (2021). Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group-The Story So Far (Part Two), https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/. • Wilson D. (2022). Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshops, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/. • Wilson D. (2023). Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ Events/Webinars • Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLbzn-lQV0E. This event was organised for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, 11 June 2020 and was attended by around 50 attendees. • Domestic Customary Law & Ocean Governance: An Introduction to Different Perspectives and Approaches, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLbzn-lQV0E. This event was organised for the UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni and was attended by 46 attendees. • Canoe Culture and Heritage in Ghana, 9 June 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tdWFQ9Znank. This event was organised for the UN World Oceans Day 2020 and was attended by 56 attendees. • Dr Jackie Sunde - Decolonizing Marine Governance and Law, https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=sDNbvXSvLDU&t=4s; Dr Saskia Vermeylen - The Saltwater Collection and Sea Rights, https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=zXhSIIB7-OM; and Dr Joshua L. Reid - From "Fishing Together" to "To Fish in Common With", https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QV3NiBdocHE. The three presentation were delivered as part of "Customary Laws of the Sea and the legacy of colonisation," for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, 11 June 2020. The event was attended by 127 attendees. • Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Setting the Scene, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU. The event was organised as part of the Hub's contributions to the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture on 6 May 2022 and was attended by 75 attendees. • Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Reflections from the Pacific, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNZz83dgddE. The event was organised as part of the Hub's contributions to the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture on 22 September 2022. It was attended by 75 attendees. • A roundtable discussion featuring leading academics on "The Ocean and Climate Justice: Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation" COP26 side-event for the Scottish Government Climate Ambition Zone event, 5th November 2021 (hybrid event). Link to recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2145wf54XI. The event was attended by 34 attendees in total. These include 18 attendees who attended the event in person at the Lighthouse, 11 Mitchell Lane. Glasgow, Scotland G1 3NU and 16 attendees who joined the event virtually. • Climate-Related Conflict: Arts-Based Mediation and Recourse to Redress, 10th November 2021. COP26 side-event organised by: The One Ocean Hub, the Strathclyde Centre for Environmental Law and Governance, and the Independent Redress Mechanism (IRM) of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) at Level 3 of the new Learning & Teaching Building, TL328, University of Strathclyde (hybrid event). Link to recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pufOGgRoPrM. The event was attended by 26 attendees. • Indigenous Peoples, Traditional Knowledge, and Ocean-Climate Action led by the One Ocean Hub for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion, 10th November 2022.Event recording is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGLY0jwzllU&t=1432s This event was attended by 77 attendees. • Indigenous Knowledge, Community-based Art Practice and Inclusive Ocean Governance: A Case Study from Vanuatu (led by the Glasgow School of Art and the One Ocean Hub), 17 November 2022, a side event for the Moana Blue Pacific Pavilion at the COP27 Blue Zone, Egypt. Event recording is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQ-VvDVt5xM&t=1s. This event was attended by 16 attendees. • Ocean Climate Spotlights Talk at the Ocean Decade & OceanX Pavilion: an ocean solutions partnership! 10 December 2023, 14.00-15.00 (Dubai time), Ocean Decade + OceanX Pavilion, Blue Zone of COP28, Dubai. This event was attended by 12 attendees. Video/film outputs • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A • Short film 'Mapping for justice', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTr0ARgZfqs
Start Year 2020
 
Description CUSTOMARY LAW FOR THE OCEAN 
Organisation University of Cape Coast
Country Ghana 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea" Research Network formed in 2020 as a means to bring together One Ocean Hub researchers and collaborators interested in customary laws within an ocean governance context. The Network has included researchers working across multiple Hub research programmes and country-specific programmes who are based in Barbados, Fiji, Ghana, Namibia, Scotland, Solomon Islands, and South Africa. Their disciplinary backgrounds include anthropology, education, environmental and geographical science, history, law, political economy, and sociology. A number of themes have emerged from discussions within this group, particularly: legal pluralism and the status of customary laws within national, regional, and international legal systems; the ongoing legacies of attempts to codify, manipulate, or construct customary laws within non-customary legal structures; the problems and opportunities of recognition; the disconnect between customary laws on the ground and on the books; the relationality of customary laws; and the challenges and opportunities of researcher-community partnerships focused on customary law issues. These themes were explored in 2020-2021 in webinars for World Oceans Week and capacity-building events in partnership with the UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (see separate entry under Collaborations). In 2021, the Network collaborated to produce The Palgrave Handbook on Blue Heritage. The book deconstructs hegemonic values attached to the oceans and the role of national governments in advancing inclusive and transformative ocean governance. It begins with key inputs from global ocean scholars on oceans in human evolution, the place of islands and coasts in human imagination and how humanities and heritage scholarship has engaged with the oceanic identities. The handbook offers a nuanced, region relevant, contemporary conceptualisation of blue heritage, discussing what will be required to achieve an inclusive oceans economy by 2063, the end goal date of the African Union's Agenda 2063. The analysis will be useful to established academics in the field of ocean studies, policymakers and practitioners engaged in research on the ocean economy, as well as graduate scholars in the ocean sciences. The book is in Press and will be published in 2022. In 2022, the Network conducted a series of two workshops on customary laws and (in)tangible heritage within ocean governance as part of the One Ocean Hub's programme for International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA), with the support of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). The first workshop titled "Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Setting the Scene" was organised on 6 May 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU). It focused on scene-setting and baseline setting discussing current developments and recent questions surrounding customary laws and tangible and intangible heritage within ocean governance processes (particularly within Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Assessments, Marine Protected Areas, and Marine Spatial Planning). The workshop was convened by Hub early career researcher, Dr David Wilson (University of Strathclyde) and featured two presentations from Wilmien Wicomb, Legal Resources Centre, South Africa and Balertey Gormey, H?n Mpoano, Ghana. The event recording is available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU. Summary of key messages discussed during the first webinar is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/. The second workshop in the series "Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Reflections from the Pacific" was held on 22nd September 2022. This workshop featured three presentations by Hub early career researcher, Lysa Wini, University of Strathclyde (Solomon Islands); Vatu Molisa, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Project Liason Officer (Vanuatu); and Alifereti Tawake, Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network (Fiji) covering recent perspectives, developments, and questions from the Pacific, particularly Fiji, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. The presentations were followed by questions and discussion surrounding the perspectives, questions, and insights shared. The event recording is available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNZz83dgddE. These two workshops were part of a series of initiatives to support the protection of human rights in the context of the implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). In 2022, South African members of the Network co-developed a new Empatheatre play titled "Umkhosi Wenala" (is Zulu for "Festival of Abundance"), which aims to create an innovative participatory decision-making space where rural youth can have a voice in the creation and management of MPAs that exclude cultural, spiritual and other local perspectives, concerns and questions. The play was co-developed with 13 young artists (Mbazwana Creative Arts) in northern KwaZulu-Natal region and addresses in more details questions related to customary laws, including customary fishing approaches and customary governance structures, building on decades of research by Hub researchers Philile Mbatha. The play is now to be toured nationally, with a view to supporting public debates on the inclusive and integrated creation and management of marine protected areas and the co-development of an " MPA Charter" to influence future policy and practice in this area. On 1-2 February 2023, an internal workshop was held at the University of Namibia by the Network to bring together research teams who have been exploring the role of customary laws in ocean governance in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa for two days of cross-country learning and dialogue. Hub researchers have identified the need for comparative reflections on the current status of customary laws in ocean governance, and have agreed on the structure of a joint, comparative synthesis paper to be completed in 2025. Four internal, virtual write-shops were held later in 2023 to develop the comparative paper, which is currently in a stage of finalisation. From 11-13 June 2024, we convened a three-day peer-to-peer learning workshop focused on Women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Cape Coast, Ghana to bring together in person - for the first time - key knowledge holders from across the small-scale fishing communities that Hub researchers have been collaborating with in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia; University of the West Indies, Barbados. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK. • UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Italy. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Vanuatu; Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network, Fiji. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland.
Collaborator Contribution The partnership brought together a new inter-disciplinary network within the Hub, connecting research across disciplines, scales, and country-focus. This includes connecting early career researchers interested in the themes of customary law and (in)tangible heritage, including seventeen early career researchers based at universities in the Caribbean, Ghana, Scotland, South Africa, and the South Pacific. This partnership has contributed to knowledge sharing and partnerships across different country-focused research as well as connecting country-specific research to international-focused research via the Hub's International Impact Working Group. This has ensured that customary laws and (in)tangible heritage is fully integrated into conversations across the Hub at all levels. The collaboration has led to three webinars. The first, for UN World Oceans Week 2020, was titled "Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation" (11 June 2020) and brought together three scholars examining the impacts and legacies of colonisation and decolonisation on the customs and rights of coastal communities in three case studies across Australia, the Pacific Northwest (the US), and South Africa, and the role that the law plays in the development and dismantling of colonial institutions that continue to have an impact on ocean governance. The second webinar "Domestic Customary Law and Ocean Governance: An Introduction to Different Perspectives and Approaches" (28 September 2020) was organised as a session for UNDOALOS Nippon Fellow Network. This webinar focused on an introduction to domestic customary laws of the coast and sea within the context of ocean governance. This included eight speakers-a mixture of One Ocean Hub researchers and Nippon Fellow Alumni-who provided their perspectives on this issue across distinctive disciplinary (including law, political ecology, anthropology, and history) and regional (including Ghana, South Africa, the Caribbean, and Fiji) contexts. The third webinar, for UN World Oceans Week 2021, was titled "Canoe Culture & Heritage in Ghana" (9 June 2021), which brought together Hub researchers from Strathclyde, Cape Coast, and Nelson Mandela Universities to examine canoe culture as a representation of adaptive maritime cultures, which have been altered and transformed to not only weather social, economic, and technological shifts but also to absorb and thrive over periods of change. The panel discussed that these vessels, which connect marine and terrestrial spaces in coastal Ghana, are an inherent part of the customary laws and (in)tangible heritage of the coast and sea. The Network's work on The Palgrave Handbook on Blue Heritage involved collaboration with more than 25 authors worldwide, including scholars from Australia, US, Seychelles and Goa, India. The editing of the book was a novel inter-disciplinary collaboration between Hub researchers, Professor Rosabelle Boswell, Nelson Mandela University (South Africa), anthropology, and Professor Jeremy Hills, University of South Pacific (Fiji), ocean policy. The individual chapters also brought together Hub researchers that hadn't published together before, from different disciplines: Dr Bola Erinosho (Cape Coast University), Anthea (Nelson Mandela University) and Professor Elisa Morgera (Strathclyde University) from law, Dr Jackie Sunde (Cape Town University) from fisheries policy, and Dr Laura Major, Dr Saskia Vermeylen (Strathclyde University) from anthropology offered a detailed analysis on the challenges of integrating customary law and ocean governance, drawing on key case law in South Africa and Ghana. Dr David Wilson (Strathclyde University, history), Dr Georgina Yaa Oduro, and Dr John Ansah (Cape Coast University, sociology) provided detailed analysis on the narratives of non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day in Ghana. Professor Jeremy Hills (University of South Pacific, environmental science) with Kevin Chand (Blue Ocean Law, law), Dr Mimi George (Holau Vaka Taumako Association, anthropology), Elise Huffer (University of South Pacific, cultural economics), Dr Jale Samuwai (Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, resilience financing analyst) Dr Kati Soapi (Pacific Community, marine science) and Dr Anita Smith (the Australian delegation on the World Heritage Committee, archaeology) on blue heritages in the Pacific, including indigenous epistemology among seafarers in the region. Dr Jessica Thornton (Nelson Mandela University, anthropology) and Dr Ryan Pillay (Nelson Mandela University, arts & culture), offered a chapter on the consequences of the marine protected area for vulnerable communities and indigenes in Tsitsikamma, South Africa. Dr Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, educational sociologist), Dr Kira Erwin (Durban University of Technology, urban sociologist), Dr Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University, environmental science) and Neil Coppen's (writer, director) chapter examined the role of narrative and theatre in storytelling and coastal justice. They offered a sensitive account of the role of Empatheatre in sharing human emotional experience of the sea. In addition, other parts of the book advanced international collaboration with authors and researchers beyond the Hub. The collaborators included: George Abungu, UNESCO cultural specialist and former director of The National Museum of Kenya, David O'Kane Max Planck Institute Germany who wrote on ocean policy in Sierra Leone, Marian de Haan scholar from Zanzibar, Anezia Asse archaeologist from Mozambique, Godfrey Baldacchino island specialist and professor at Malta University, Penda Choppy Seychelles University, Lynn Harris historian, University of North Carolina, Curtis Marean palaeontologist at the State University of Arizona, Pedro Pombo anthropologist Goa University and Isabel Hofmeyr Emeritus professor Witwatersrand University and Charne Lavery, UCT both of whom wrote on oceanic humanities and the place of heritage in this narrative. In 2022, the Network consolidated further external partnerships, notably with international NGOs and indigenous peoples' networks, through the workshop series that was included in the Hub's join programme with FAO and High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture. The workshop series were co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with Hen Mpoano, Ghana; Legal Resource Centre, South Africa; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network. The seminar series encompassed two half-day sessions, focused on exploring customary laws and (in)tangible heritage within the context of ocean governance and, particularly, within the context of Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Assessments, Marine Protected Areas, and Marine Spatial Planning. The first workshop in May 2022 focused scene-setting and baseline setting, inviting collaborators and Hub researchers to share their perspectives on these issues with insight from specific contexts/ ongoing research (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU). This session focused on discussing current developments and recent questions surrounding these issues. Drawing from the discussion of the first workshop and an envisioned focus on consultation, human rights, boundaries, and capacity building, the second workshop in September 2022 covered recent perspectives, developments, and questions from the Pacific, particularly Fiji, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu, on customary law and ocean governance. The workshop series were aimed to push for the need to centre customary laws and (in)tangible heritage of coastal communities within ocean governance processes by connecting the developing research on this theme within the Hub with our partners. In March 2022, the Network organised a conference on African maritime history, "Charting African Waterscapes: A Conference on African Maritime History Across Time and Space." This was the first conference dedicated to this theme in the past decade. While this conference brought together scholars working on diverse aspects of African maritime history across chronological, geographical, and thematic barriers, it remained rooted in the issues of colonialism, law, and (in)tangible heritage that have become central to discussions within the Network. Contributors to this conference were drawn from researchers working in universities across Africa, China, Europe, and the United States. As a result of this conference an edited volume exploring the most recent developments in the field of African maritime history will be produced. This is an essential contribution to any understanding of maritime governance in Africa given that the last volume that explore this theme was published in 2009. In February 2023, the Network held a workshop at the University of Namibia to explore the role of customary laws in ocean governance in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. As a follow up from this workshop, in June 2024, the Network organised a workshop at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, that focuses on women in small-scale fisheries management. This workshop was centred on bringing together in person - for the first time - key knowledge holders from across the small-scale fishing communities that Hub researchers have been collaborating with in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. Focusing on women, whose voices continue to be underrepresented in both national and international dialogue, this workshop will enable three days of focused peer-to-peer dialogue and knowledge exchange. This was be facilitated by Hub researchers from each country team who have been working closely with women fisheries participants from different communities throughout each country. Prior to the workshop, and once the stakeholders were confirmed in dialogue with the interested communities, there was a series of pre-workshop sessions in order to co-design the workshop agenda with communities this cross-exchange is set to benefit, and the specific women involved. This was to ensure that the workshop fits with their particular areas of interest and the topics that they would like to share or learn more from within the broader context of small-scale fisheries management in Africa. This included areas where women have been successful in shaping or leading on fisheries management as well as the challenges and issues that they face or have faced in the past. The workshop was entirely designed around this peer-to-peer learning, in which the researchers involved are there solely to facilitate the dialogue between the community participants. In taking this approach, the Hub researchers involved were determined that the workshop will be as beneficial and valuable to the participating knowledge holders as possible, thereby creating a unique and potentially empowering space that we envision could form the basis of a network of women leaders in the context of African small-scale fisheries. This collaboration brought notable international impacts on UN advisory tools on fisheries governance. Drawing from Hub's research on customary law, researchers involved in this Network also co-developed high-level outputs with FAO. These include (1) FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/); (2) FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022 (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_); (3) the first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022 (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en); and (4) SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). This is reported under a separate entry "BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES." This collaboration demonstrated notable positive societal impacts. A total of 11 events organised as part of this collaboration has provided capacity building to 594 persons on the importance of the recognition of customary law in the context of natural resource management. The events organised under this collaboration on average were attended by over 50 per cent women attendees. The Network consists of 28 researchers in total. Women researchers account for 64 per cent of researchers involved (18 persons). As mentioned above in June 2024 the Network will be organising a workshop at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana that will specifically focus on women in small-scale fisheries management. Disciplines involved: history, marine science, law, sociology, anthropology.
Impact Resultant Outcomes Peer-reviewed journal articles Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative, & International Law. Available from https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478. HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. Mbatha P. (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy. Available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713. Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. Available from https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2. Book chapters Ansah JW, Yaa Oduro G, Wilson D, "Narratives of Non-Compliance in "Tuesday Non-Fishing Day" in Ghana," in Rose Boswell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 357-382. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Boswell, R (ed.), Blue Heritage: Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories and Cultures (Palgrave Macmillan, 2022). Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Boswell R, "Waking up to Wakashio: Marine and Human Disaster in Mauritius," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 225-250. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Christoffels-DuPlessis A, Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S, "Navigating a sea of laws: the quests of small-scale fishing communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights" in Rose Boswell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 325-356. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N, "Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 383-409. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Hills J, Chand K, George M, Huffer E, Kruger J, Samuwai J et al., "Blue Heritage in the Blue Pacific." in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 273-302. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Michalena E, Hills J, "Evolving Hegemonies of Blue Heritage: From Ancient Greece to Today," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 51-73. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Thornton JL, Pillay R, "'Other' Social Consequences of Marine Protection in Tsitsikamma, South Africa," Boswell R et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 411-426. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Blogposts summarising key issues being raised across the webinars. One Ocean Hub (2024), WOMEN IN SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES: PEER-TO-PEER LEARNING WORKSHOP, https://oneoceanhub.org/women-in-small-scale-fisheries-peer-to-peer-learning-workshop/ • One Ocean Hub. (2024). "New short film: 'Mapping for Justice' is about a long-lasting battle for customary rights within South Africa's first UNESCO world heritage site, https://oneoceanhub.org/new-short-film-mapping-for-justice-is-about-a-long-lasting-battle-for-customary-rights-in-a-world-heritage-site/. • McGarry D, Morgera E and Merilainen L. (2022). Fairer and more inclusive marine protected areas through restorative public storytelling, https://oneoceanhub.org/fairer-and-more-inclusive-marine-protected-areas-through-restorative-public-storytelling/. • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Wilson D. (2020). A Brief History of Colonisation, Customary Law, and Indigenous Marine Dispossession, https://oneoceanhub.org/a-brief-history-of-colonisation-customary-law-and-indigenous-marine-dispossession. • Wilson D. (2020). Indigenous Peoples' traditional knowledge and ocean climate action, https://oneoceanhub.org/indigenous-peoples-traditional-knowledge-and-ocean-climate-action/. • Wilson D. (2020). A Brief History of Colonisation, Customary Law, and Indigenous Marine Dispossession, https://oneoceanhub.org/a-brief-history-of-colonisation-customary-law-and-indigenous-marine-dispossession/. • Wilson D. (2021). Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group-The Story So Far (Part One), https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D. (2021). Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group-The Story So Far (Part Two), https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/. • Wilson D. (2022). Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshops, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/. • Wilson D. (2023). Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ Events/Webinars • Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLbzn-lQV0E. This event was organised for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, 11 June 2020 and was attended by around 50 attendees. • Domestic Customary Law & Ocean Governance: An Introduction to Different Perspectives and Approaches, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLbzn-lQV0E. This event was organised for the UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni and was attended by 46 attendees. • Canoe Culture and Heritage in Ghana, 9 June 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tdWFQ9Znank. This event was organised for the UN World Oceans Day 2020 and was attended by 56 attendees. • Dr Jackie Sunde - Decolonizing Marine Governance and Law, https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=sDNbvXSvLDU&t=4s; Dr Saskia Vermeylen - The Saltwater Collection and Sea Rights, https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=zXhSIIB7-OM; and Dr Joshua L. Reid - From "Fishing Together" to "To Fish in Common With", https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QV3NiBdocHE. The three presentation were delivered as part of "Customary Laws of the Sea and the legacy of colonisation," for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, 11 June 2020. The event was attended by 127 attendees. • Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Setting the Scene, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU. The event was organised as part of the Hub's contributions to the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture on 6 May 2022 and was attended by 75 attendees. • Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Reflections from the Pacific, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNZz83dgddE. The event was organised as part of the Hub's contributions to the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture on 22 September 2022. It was attended by 75 attendees. • A roundtable discussion featuring leading academics on "The Ocean and Climate Justice: Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation" COP26 side-event for the Scottish Government Climate Ambition Zone event, 5th November 2021 (hybrid event). Link to recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2145wf54XI. The event was attended by 34 attendees in total. These include 18 attendees who attended the event in person at the Lighthouse, 11 Mitchell Lane. Glasgow, Scotland G1 3NU and 16 attendees who joined the event virtually. • Climate-Related Conflict: Arts-Based Mediation and Recourse to Redress, 10th November 2021. COP26 side-event organised by: The One Ocean Hub, the Strathclyde Centre for Environmental Law and Governance, and the Independent Redress Mechanism (IRM) of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) at Level 3 of the new Learning & Teaching Building, TL328, University of Strathclyde (hybrid event). Link to recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pufOGgRoPrM. The event was attended by 26 attendees. • Indigenous Peoples, Traditional Knowledge, and Ocean-Climate Action led by the One Ocean Hub for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion, 10th November 2022.Event recording is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGLY0jwzllU&t=1432s This event was attended by 77 attendees. • Indigenous Knowledge, Community-based Art Practice and Inclusive Ocean Governance: A Case Study from Vanuatu (led by the Glasgow School of Art and the One Ocean Hub), 17 November 2022, a side event for the Moana Blue Pacific Pavilion at the COP27 Blue Zone, Egypt. Event recording is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQ-VvDVt5xM&t=1s. This event was attended by 16 attendees. • Ocean Climate Spotlights Talk at the Ocean Decade & OceanX Pavilion: an ocean solutions partnership! 10 December 2023, 14.00-15.00 (Dubai time), Ocean Decade + OceanX Pavilion, Blue Zone of COP28, Dubai. This event was attended by 12 attendees. Video/film outputs • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A • Short film 'Mapping for justice', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTr0ARgZfqs
Start Year 2020
 
Description CUSTOMARY LAW FOR THE OCEAN 
Organisation University of Cape Town
Country South Africa 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea" Research Network formed in 2020 as a means to bring together One Ocean Hub researchers and collaborators interested in customary laws within an ocean governance context. The Network has included researchers working across multiple Hub research programmes and country-specific programmes who are based in Barbados, Fiji, Ghana, Namibia, Scotland, Solomon Islands, and South Africa. Their disciplinary backgrounds include anthropology, education, environmental and geographical science, history, law, political economy, and sociology. A number of themes have emerged from discussions within this group, particularly: legal pluralism and the status of customary laws within national, regional, and international legal systems; the ongoing legacies of attempts to codify, manipulate, or construct customary laws within non-customary legal structures; the problems and opportunities of recognition; the disconnect between customary laws on the ground and on the books; the relationality of customary laws; and the challenges and opportunities of researcher-community partnerships focused on customary law issues. These themes were explored in 2020-2021 in webinars for World Oceans Week and capacity-building events in partnership with the UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (see separate entry under Collaborations). In 2021, the Network collaborated to produce The Palgrave Handbook on Blue Heritage. The book deconstructs hegemonic values attached to the oceans and the role of national governments in advancing inclusive and transformative ocean governance. It begins with key inputs from global ocean scholars on oceans in human evolution, the place of islands and coasts in human imagination and how humanities and heritage scholarship has engaged with the oceanic identities. The handbook offers a nuanced, region relevant, contemporary conceptualisation of blue heritage, discussing what will be required to achieve an inclusive oceans economy by 2063, the end goal date of the African Union's Agenda 2063. The analysis will be useful to established academics in the field of ocean studies, policymakers and practitioners engaged in research on the ocean economy, as well as graduate scholars in the ocean sciences. The book is in Press and will be published in 2022. In 2022, the Network conducted a series of two workshops on customary laws and (in)tangible heritage within ocean governance as part of the One Ocean Hub's programme for International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA), with the support of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). The first workshop titled "Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Setting the Scene" was organised on 6 May 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU). It focused on scene-setting and baseline setting discussing current developments and recent questions surrounding customary laws and tangible and intangible heritage within ocean governance processes (particularly within Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Assessments, Marine Protected Areas, and Marine Spatial Planning). The workshop was convened by Hub early career researcher, Dr David Wilson (University of Strathclyde) and featured two presentations from Wilmien Wicomb, Legal Resources Centre, South Africa and Balertey Gormey, H?n Mpoano, Ghana. The event recording is available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU. Summary of key messages discussed during the first webinar is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/. The second workshop in the series "Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Reflections from the Pacific" was held on 22nd September 2022. This workshop featured three presentations by Hub early career researcher, Lysa Wini, University of Strathclyde (Solomon Islands); Vatu Molisa, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Project Liason Officer (Vanuatu); and Alifereti Tawake, Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network (Fiji) covering recent perspectives, developments, and questions from the Pacific, particularly Fiji, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. The presentations were followed by questions and discussion surrounding the perspectives, questions, and insights shared. The event recording is available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNZz83dgddE. These two workshops were part of a series of initiatives to support the protection of human rights in the context of the implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). In 2022, South African members of the Network co-developed a new Empatheatre play titled "Umkhosi Wenala" (is Zulu for "Festival of Abundance"), which aims to create an innovative participatory decision-making space where rural youth can have a voice in the creation and management of MPAs that exclude cultural, spiritual and other local perspectives, concerns and questions. The play was co-developed with 13 young artists (Mbazwana Creative Arts) in northern KwaZulu-Natal region and addresses in more details questions related to customary laws, including customary fishing approaches and customary governance structures, building on decades of research by Hub researchers Philile Mbatha. The play is now to be toured nationally, with a view to supporting public debates on the inclusive and integrated creation and management of marine protected areas and the co-development of an " MPA Charter" to influence future policy and practice in this area. On 1-2 February 2023, an internal workshop was held at the University of Namibia by the Network to bring together research teams who have been exploring the role of customary laws in ocean governance in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa for two days of cross-country learning and dialogue. Hub researchers have identified the need for comparative reflections on the current status of customary laws in ocean governance, and have agreed on the structure of a joint, comparative synthesis paper to be completed in 2025. Four internal, virtual write-shops were held later in 2023 to develop the comparative paper, which is currently in a stage of finalisation. From 11-13 June 2024, we convened a three-day peer-to-peer learning workshop focused on Women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Cape Coast, Ghana to bring together in person - for the first time - key knowledge holders from across the small-scale fishing communities that Hub researchers have been collaborating with in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia; University of the West Indies, Barbados. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK. • UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Italy. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Vanuatu; Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network, Fiji. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland.
Collaborator Contribution The partnership brought together a new inter-disciplinary network within the Hub, connecting research across disciplines, scales, and country-focus. This includes connecting early career researchers interested in the themes of customary law and (in)tangible heritage, including seventeen early career researchers based at universities in the Caribbean, Ghana, Scotland, South Africa, and the South Pacific. This partnership has contributed to knowledge sharing and partnerships across different country-focused research as well as connecting country-specific research to international-focused research via the Hub's International Impact Working Group. This has ensured that customary laws and (in)tangible heritage is fully integrated into conversations across the Hub at all levels. The collaboration has led to three webinars. The first, for UN World Oceans Week 2020, was titled "Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation" (11 June 2020) and brought together three scholars examining the impacts and legacies of colonisation and decolonisation on the customs and rights of coastal communities in three case studies across Australia, the Pacific Northwest (the US), and South Africa, and the role that the law plays in the development and dismantling of colonial institutions that continue to have an impact on ocean governance. The second webinar "Domestic Customary Law and Ocean Governance: An Introduction to Different Perspectives and Approaches" (28 September 2020) was organised as a session for UNDOALOS Nippon Fellow Network. This webinar focused on an introduction to domestic customary laws of the coast and sea within the context of ocean governance. This included eight speakers-a mixture of One Ocean Hub researchers and Nippon Fellow Alumni-who provided their perspectives on this issue across distinctive disciplinary (including law, political ecology, anthropology, and history) and regional (including Ghana, South Africa, the Caribbean, and Fiji) contexts. The third webinar, for UN World Oceans Week 2021, was titled "Canoe Culture & Heritage in Ghana" (9 June 2021), which brought together Hub researchers from Strathclyde, Cape Coast, and Nelson Mandela Universities to examine canoe culture as a representation of adaptive maritime cultures, which have been altered and transformed to not only weather social, economic, and technological shifts but also to absorb and thrive over periods of change. The panel discussed that these vessels, which connect marine and terrestrial spaces in coastal Ghana, are an inherent part of the customary laws and (in)tangible heritage of the coast and sea. The Network's work on The Palgrave Handbook on Blue Heritage involved collaboration with more than 25 authors worldwide, including scholars from Australia, US, Seychelles and Goa, India. The editing of the book was a novel inter-disciplinary collaboration between Hub researchers, Professor Rosabelle Boswell, Nelson Mandela University (South Africa), anthropology, and Professor Jeremy Hills, University of South Pacific (Fiji), ocean policy. The individual chapters also brought together Hub researchers that hadn't published together before, from different disciplines: Dr Bola Erinosho (Cape Coast University), Anthea (Nelson Mandela University) and Professor Elisa Morgera (Strathclyde University) from law, Dr Jackie Sunde (Cape Town University) from fisheries policy, and Dr Laura Major, Dr Saskia Vermeylen (Strathclyde University) from anthropology offered a detailed analysis on the challenges of integrating customary law and ocean governance, drawing on key case law in South Africa and Ghana. Dr David Wilson (Strathclyde University, history), Dr Georgina Yaa Oduro, and Dr John Ansah (Cape Coast University, sociology) provided detailed analysis on the narratives of non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day in Ghana. Professor Jeremy Hills (University of South Pacific, environmental science) with Kevin Chand (Blue Ocean Law, law), Dr Mimi George (Holau Vaka Taumako Association, anthropology), Elise Huffer (University of South Pacific, cultural economics), Dr Jale Samuwai (Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, resilience financing analyst) Dr Kati Soapi (Pacific Community, marine science) and Dr Anita Smith (the Australian delegation on the World Heritage Committee, archaeology) on blue heritages in the Pacific, including indigenous epistemology among seafarers in the region. Dr Jessica Thornton (Nelson Mandela University, anthropology) and Dr Ryan Pillay (Nelson Mandela University, arts & culture), offered a chapter on the consequences of the marine protected area for vulnerable communities and indigenes in Tsitsikamma, South Africa. Dr Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, educational sociologist), Dr Kira Erwin (Durban University of Technology, urban sociologist), Dr Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University, environmental science) and Neil Coppen's (writer, director) chapter examined the role of narrative and theatre in storytelling and coastal justice. They offered a sensitive account of the role of Empatheatre in sharing human emotional experience of the sea. In addition, other parts of the book advanced international collaboration with authors and researchers beyond the Hub. The collaborators included: George Abungu, UNESCO cultural specialist and former director of The National Museum of Kenya, David O'Kane Max Planck Institute Germany who wrote on ocean policy in Sierra Leone, Marian de Haan scholar from Zanzibar, Anezia Asse archaeologist from Mozambique, Godfrey Baldacchino island specialist and professor at Malta University, Penda Choppy Seychelles University, Lynn Harris historian, University of North Carolina, Curtis Marean palaeontologist at the State University of Arizona, Pedro Pombo anthropologist Goa University and Isabel Hofmeyr Emeritus professor Witwatersrand University and Charne Lavery, UCT both of whom wrote on oceanic humanities and the place of heritage in this narrative. In 2022, the Network consolidated further external partnerships, notably with international NGOs and indigenous peoples' networks, through the workshop series that was included in the Hub's join programme with FAO and High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture. The workshop series were co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with Hen Mpoano, Ghana; Legal Resource Centre, South Africa; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network. The seminar series encompassed two half-day sessions, focused on exploring customary laws and (in)tangible heritage within the context of ocean governance and, particularly, within the context of Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Assessments, Marine Protected Areas, and Marine Spatial Planning. The first workshop in May 2022 focused scene-setting and baseline setting, inviting collaborators and Hub researchers to share their perspectives on these issues with insight from specific contexts/ ongoing research (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU). This session focused on discussing current developments and recent questions surrounding these issues. Drawing from the discussion of the first workshop and an envisioned focus on consultation, human rights, boundaries, and capacity building, the second workshop in September 2022 covered recent perspectives, developments, and questions from the Pacific, particularly Fiji, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu, on customary law and ocean governance. The workshop series were aimed to push for the need to centre customary laws and (in)tangible heritage of coastal communities within ocean governance processes by connecting the developing research on this theme within the Hub with our partners. In March 2022, the Network organised a conference on African maritime history, "Charting African Waterscapes: A Conference on African Maritime History Across Time and Space." This was the first conference dedicated to this theme in the past decade. While this conference brought together scholars working on diverse aspects of African maritime history across chronological, geographical, and thematic barriers, it remained rooted in the issues of colonialism, law, and (in)tangible heritage that have become central to discussions within the Network. Contributors to this conference were drawn from researchers working in universities across Africa, China, Europe, and the United States. As a result of this conference an edited volume exploring the most recent developments in the field of African maritime history will be produced. This is an essential contribution to any understanding of maritime governance in Africa given that the last volume that explore this theme was published in 2009. In February 2023, the Network held a workshop at the University of Namibia to explore the role of customary laws in ocean governance in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. As a follow up from this workshop, in June 2024, the Network organised a workshop at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, that focuses on women in small-scale fisheries management. This workshop was centred on bringing together in person - for the first time - key knowledge holders from across the small-scale fishing communities that Hub researchers have been collaborating with in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. Focusing on women, whose voices continue to be underrepresented in both national and international dialogue, this workshop will enable three days of focused peer-to-peer dialogue and knowledge exchange. This was be facilitated by Hub researchers from each country team who have been working closely with women fisheries participants from different communities throughout each country. Prior to the workshop, and once the stakeholders were confirmed in dialogue with the interested communities, there was a series of pre-workshop sessions in order to co-design the workshop agenda with communities this cross-exchange is set to benefit, and the specific women involved. This was to ensure that the workshop fits with their particular areas of interest and the topics that they would like to share or learn more from within the broader context of small-scale fisheries management in Africa. This included areas where women have been successful in shaping or leading on fisheries management as well as the challenges and issues that they face or have faced in the past. The workshop was entirely designed around this peer-to-peer learning, in which the researchers involved are there solely to facilitate the dialogue between the community participants. In taking this approach, the Hub researchers involved were determined that the workshop will be as beneficial and valuable to the participating knowledge holders as possible, thereby creating a unique and potentially empowering space that we envision could form the basis of a network of women leaders in the context of African small-scale fisheries. This collaboration brought notable international impacts on UN advisory tools on fisheries governance. Drawing from Hub's research on customary law, researchers involved in this Network also co-developed high-level outputs with FAO. These include (1) FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/); (2) FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022 (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_); (3) the first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022 (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en); and (4) SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). This is reported under a separate entry "BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES." This collaboration demonstrated notable positive societal impacts. A total of 11 events organised as part of this collaboration has provided capacity building to 594 persons on the importance of the recognition of customary law in the context of natural resource management. The events organised under this collaboration on average were attended by over 50 per cent women attendees. The Network consists of 28 researchers in total. Women researchers account for 64 per cent of researchers involved (18 persons). As mentioned above in June 2024 the Network will be organising a workshop at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana that will specifically focus on women in small-scale fisheries management. Disciplines involved: history, marine science, law, sociology, anthropology.
Impact Resultant Outcomes Peer-reviewed journal articles Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative, & International Law. Available from https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478. HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. Mbatha P. (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy. Available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713. Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. Available from https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2. Book chapters Ansah JW, Yaa Oduro G, Wilson D, "Narratives of Non-Compliance in "Tuesday Non-Fishing Day" in Ghana," in Rose Boswell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 357-382. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Boswell, R (ed.), Blue Heritage: Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories and Cultures (Palgrave Macmillan, 2022). Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Boswell R, "Waking up to Wakashio: Marine and Human Disaster in Mauritius," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 225-250. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Christoffels-DuPlessis A, Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S, "Navigating a sea of laws: the quests of small-scale fishing communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights" in Rose Boswell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 325-356. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N, "Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 383-409. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Hills J, Chand K, George M, Huffer E, Kruger J, Samuwai J et al., "Blue Heritage in the Blue Pacific." in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 273-302. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Michalena E, Hills J, "Evolving Hegemonies of Blue Heritage: From Ancient Greece to Today," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 51-73. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Thornton JL, Pillay R, "'Other' Social Consequences of Marine Protection in Tsitsikamma, South Africa," Boswell R et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 411-426. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Blogposts summarising key issues being raised across the webinars. One Ocean Hub (2024), WOMEN IN SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES: PEER-TO-PEER LEARNING WORKSHOP, https://oneoceanhub.org/women-in-small-scale-fisheries-peer-to-peer-learning-workshop/ • One Ocean Hub. (2024). "New short film: 'Mapping for Justice' is about a long-lasting battle for customary rights within South Africa's first UNESCO world heritage site, https://oneoceanhub.org/new-short-film-mapping-for-justice-is-about-a-long-lasting-battle-for-customary-rights-in-a-world-heritage-site/. • McGarry D, Morgera E and Merilainen L. (2022). Fairer and more inclusive marine protected areas through restorative public storytelling, https://oneoceanhub.org/fairer-and-more-inclusive-marine-protected-areas-through-restorative-public-storytelling/. • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Wilson D. (2020). A Brief History of Colonisation, Customary Law, and Indigenous Marine Dispossession, https://oneoceanhub.org/a-brief-history-of-colonisation-customary-law-and-indigenous-marine-dispossession. • Wilson D. (2020). Indigenous Peoples' traditional knowledge and ocean climate action, https://oneoceanhub.org/indigenous-peoples-traditional-knowledge-and-ocean-climate-action/. • Wilson D. (2020). A Brief History of Colonisation, Customary Law, and Indigenous Marine Dispossession, https://oneoceanhub.org/a-brief-history-of-colonisation-customary-law-and-indigenous-marine-dispossession/. • Wilson D. (2021). Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group-The Story So Far (Part One), https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D. (2021). Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group-The Story So Far (Part Two), https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/. • Wilson D. (2022). Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshops, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/. • Wilson D. (2023). Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ Events/Webinars • Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLbzn-lQV0E. This event was organised for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, 11 June 2020 and was attended by around 50 attendees. • Domestic Customary Law & Ocean Governance: An Introduction to Different Perspectives and Approaches, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLbzn-lQV0E. This event was organised for the UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni and was attended by 46 attendees. • Canoe Culture and Heritage in Ghana, 9 June 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tdWFQ9Znank. This event was organised for the UN World Oceans Day 2020 and was attended by 56 attendees. • Dr Jackie Sunde - Decolonizing Marine Governance and Law, https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=sDNbvXSvLDU&t=4s; Dr Saskia Vermeylen - The Saltwater Collection and Sea Rights, https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=zXhSIIB7-OM; and Dr Joshua L. Reid - From "Fishing Together" to "To Fish in Common With", https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QV3NiBdocHE. The three presentation were delivered as part of "Customary Laws of the Sea and the legacy of colonisation," for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, 11 June 2020. The event was attended by 127 attendees. • Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Setting the Scene, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU. The event was organised as part of the Hub's contributions to the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture on 6 May 2022 and was attended by 75 attendees. • Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Reflections from the Pacific, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNZz83dgddE. The event was organised as part of the Hub's contributions to the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture on 22 September 2022. It was attended by 75 attendees. • A roundtable discussion featuring leading academics on "The Ocean and Climate Justice: Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation" COP26 side-event for the Scottish Government Climate Ambition Zone event, 5th November 2021 (hybrid event). Link to recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2145wf54XI. The event was attended by 34 attendees in total. These include 18 attendees who attended the event in person at the Lighthouse, 11 Mitchell Lane. Glasgow, Scotland G1 3NU and 16 attendees who joined the event virtually. • Climate-Related Conflict: Arts-Based Mediation and Recourse to Redress, 10th November 2021. COP26 side-event organised by: The One Ocean Hub, the Strathclyde Centre for Environmental Law and Governance, and the Independent Redress Mechanism (IRM) of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) at Level 3 of the new Learning & Teaching Building, TL328, University of Strathclyde (hybrid event). Link to recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pufOGgRoPrM. The event was attended by 26 attendees. • Indigenous Peoples, Traditional Knowledge, and Ocean-Climate Action led by the One Ocean Hub for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion, 10th November 2022.Event recording is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGLY0jwzllU&t=1432s This event was attended by 77 attendees. • Indigenous Knowledge, Community-based Art Practice and Inclusive Ocean Governance: A Case Study from Vanuatu (led by the Glasgow School of Art and the One Ocean Hub), 17 November 2022, a side event for the Moana Blue Pacific Pavilion at the COP27 Blue Zone, Egypt. Event recording is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQ-VvDVt5xM&t=1s. This event was attended by 16 attendees. • Ocean Climate Spotlights Talk at the Ocean Decade & OceanX Pavilion: an ocean solutions partnership! 10 December 2023, 14.00-15.00 (Dubai time), Ocean Decade + OceanX Pavilion, Blue Zone of COP28, Dubai. This event was attended by 12 attendees. Video/film outputs • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A • Short film 'Mapping for justice', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTr0ARgZfqs
Start Year 2020
 
Description CUSTOMARY LAW FOR THE OCEAN 
Organisation University of Namibia
Country Namibia 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea" Research Network formed in 2020 as a means to bring together One Ocean Hub researchers and collaborators interested in customary laws within an ocean governance context. The Network has included researchers working across multiple Hub research programmes and country-specific programmes who are based in Barbados, Fiji, Ghana, Namibia, Scotland, Solomon Islands, and South Africa. Their disciplinary backgrounds include anthropology, education, environmental and geographical science, history, law, political economy, and sociology. A number of themes have emerged from discussions within this group, particularly: legal pluralism and the status of customary laws within national, regional, and international legal systems; the ongoing legacies of attempts to codify, manipulate, or construct customary laws within non-customary legal structures; the problems and opportunities of recognition; the disconnect between customary laws on the ground and on the books; the relationality of customary laws; and the challenges and opportunities of researcher-community partnerships focused on customary law issues. These themes were explored in 2020-2021 in webinars for World Oceans Week and capacity-building events in partnership with the UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (see separate entry under Collaborations). In 2021, the Network collaborated to produce The Palgrave Handbook on Blue Heritage. The book deconstructs hegemonic values attached to the oceans and the role of national governments in advancing inclusive and transformative ocean governance. It begins with key inputs from global ocean scholars on oceans in human evolution, the place of islands and coasts in human imagination and how humanities and heritage scholarship has engaged with the oceanic identities. The handbook offers a nuanced, region relevant, contemporary conceptualisation of blue heritage, discussing what will be required to achieve an inclusive oceans economy by 2063, the end goal date of the African Union's Agenda 2063. The analysis will be useful to established academics in the field of ocean studies, policymakers and practitioners engaged in research on the ocean economy, as well as graduate scholars in the ocean sciences. The book is in Press and will be published in 2022. In 2022, the Network conducted a series of two workshops on customary laws and (in)tangible heritage within ocean governance as part of the One Ocean Hub's programme for International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA), with the support of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). The first workshop titled "Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Setting the Scene" was organised on 6 May 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU). It focused on scene-setting and baseline setting discussing current developments and recent questions surrounding customary laws and tangible and intangible heritage within ocean governance processes (particularly within Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Assessments, Marine Protected Areas, and Marine Spatial Planning). The workshop was convened by Hub early career researcher, Dr David Wilson (University of Strathclyde) and featured two presentations from Wilmien Wicomb, Legal Resources Centre, South Africa and Balertey Gormey, H?n Mpoano, Ghana. The event recording is available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU. Summary of key messages discussed during the first webinar is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/. The second workshop in the series "Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Reflections from the Pacific" was held on 22nd September 2022. This workshop featured three presentations by Hub early career researcher, Lysa Wini, University of Strathclyde (Solomon Islands); Vatu Molisa, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Project Liason Officer (Vanuatu); and Alifereti Tawake, Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network (Fiji) covering recent perspectives, developments, and questions from the Pacific, particularly Fiji, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. The presentations were followed by questions and discussion surrounding the perspectives, questions, and insights shared. The event recording is available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNZz83dgddE. These two workshops were part of a series of initiatives to support the protection of human rights in the context of the implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). In 2022, South African members of the Network co-developed a new Empatheatre play titled "Umkhosi Wenala" (is Zulu for "Festival of Abundance"), which aims to create an innovative participatory decision-making space where rural youth can have a voice in the creation and management of MPAs that exclude cultural, spiritual and other local perspectives, concerns and questions. The play was co-developed with 13 young artists (Mbazwana Creative Arts) in northern KwaZulu-Natal region and addresses in more details questions related to customary laws, including customary fishing approaches and customary governance structures, building on decades of research by Hub researchers Philile Mbatha. The play is now to be toured nationally, with a view to supporting public debates on the inclusive and integrated creation and management of marine protected areas and the co-development of an " MPA Charter" to influence future policy and practice in this area. On 1-2 February 2023, an internal workshop was held at the University of Namibia by the Network to bring together research teams who have been exploring the role of customary laws in ocean governance in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa for two days of cross-country learning and dialogue. Hub researchers have identified the need for comparative reflections on the current status of customary laws in ocean governance, and have agreed on the structure of a joint, comparative synthesis paper to be completed in 2025. Four internal, virtual write-shops were held later in 2023 to develop the comparative paper, which is currently in a stage of finalisation. From 11-13 June 2024, we convened a three-day peer-to-peer learning workshop focused on Women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Cape Coast, Ghana to bring together in person - for the first time - key knowledge holders from across the small-scale fishing communities that Hub researchers have been collaborating with in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia; University of the West Indies, Barbados. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK. • UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Italy. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Vanuatu; Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network, Fiji. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland.
Collaborator Contribution The partnership brought together a new inter-disciplinary network within the Hub, connecting research across disciplines, scales, and country-focus. This includes connecting early career researchers interested in the themes of customary law and (in)tangible heritage, including seventeen early career researchers based at universities in the Caribbean, Ghana, Scotland, South Africa, and the South Pacific. This partnership has contributed to knowledge sharing and partnerships across different country-focused research as well as connecting country-specific research to international-focused research via the Hub's International Impact Working Group. This has ensured that customary laws and (in)tangible heritage is fully integrated into conversations across the Hub at all levels. The collaboration has led to three webinars. The first, for UN World Oceans Week 2020, was titled "Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation" (11 June 2020) and brought together three scholars examining the impacts and legacies of colonisation and decolonisation on the customs and rights of coastal communities in three case studies across Australia, the Pacific Northwest (the US), and South Africa, and the role that the law plays in the development and dismantling of colonial institutions that continue to have an impact on ocean governance. The second webinar "Domestic Customary Law and Ocean Governance: An Introduction to Different Perspectives and Approaches" (28 September 2020) was organised as a session for UNDOALOS Nippon Fellow Network. This webinar focused on an introduction to domestic customary laws of the coast and sea within the context of ocean governance. This included eight speakers-a mixture of One Ocean Hub researchers and Nippon Fellow Alumni-who provided their perspectives on this issue across distinctive disciplinary (including law, political ecology, anthropology, and history) and regional (including Ghana, South Africa, the Caribbean, and Fiji) contexts. The third webinar, for UN World Oceans Week 2021, was titled "Canoe Culture & Heritage in Ghana" (9 June 2021), which brought together Hub researchers from Strathclyde, Cape Coast, and Nelson Mandela Universities to examine canoe culture as a representation of adaptive maritime cultures, which have been altered and transformed to not only weather social, economic, and technological shifts but also to absorb and thrive over periods of change. The panel discussed that these vessels, which connect marine and terrestrial spaces in coastal Ghana, are an inherent part of the customary laws and (in)tangible heritage of the coast and sea. The Network's work on The Palgrave Handbook on Blue Heritage involved collaboration with more than 25 authors worldwide, including scholars from Australia, US, Seychelles and Goa, India. The editing of the book was a novel inter-disciplinary collaboration between Hub researchers, Professor Rosabelle Boswell, Nelson Mandela University (South Africa), anthropology, and Professor Jeremy Hills, University of South Pacific (Fiji), ocean policy. The individual chapters also brought together Hub researchers that hadn't published together before, from different disciplines: Dr Bola Erinosho (Cape Coast University), Anthea (Nelson Mandela University) and Professor Elisa Morgera (Strathclyde University) from law, Dr Jackie Sunde (Cape Town University) from fisheries policy, and Dr Laura Major, Dr Saskia Vermeylen (Strathclyde University) from anthropology offered a detailed analysis on the challenges of integrating customary law and ocean governance, drawing on key case law in South Africa and Ghana. Dr David Wilson (Strathclyde University, history), Dr Georgina Yaa Oduro, and Dr John Ansah (Cape Coast University, sociology) provided detailed analysis on the narratives of non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day in Ghana. Professor Jeremy Hills (University of South Pacific, environmental science) with Kevin Chand (Blue Ocean Law, law), Dr Mimi George (Holau Vaka Taumako Association, anthropology), Elise Huffer (University of South Pacific, cultural economics), Dr Jale Samuwai (Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, resilience financing analyst) Dr Kati Soapi (Pacific Community, marine science) and Dr Anita Smith (the Australian delegation on the World Heritage Committee, archaeology) on blue heritages in the Pacific, including indigenous epistemology among seafarers in the region. Dr Jessica Thornton (Nelson Mandela University, anthropology) and Dr Ryan Pillay (Nelson Mandela University, arts & culture), offered a chapter on the consequences of the marine protected area for vulnerable communities and indigenes in Tsitsikamma, South Africa. Dr Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, educational sociologist), Dr Kira Erwin (Durban University of Technology, urban sociologist), Dr Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University, environmental science) and Neil Coppen's (writer, director) chapter examined the role of narrative and theatre in storytelling and coastal justice. They offered a sensitive account of the role of Empatheatre in sharing human emotional experience of the sea. In addition, other parts of the book advanced international collaboration with authors and researchers beyond the Hub. The collaborators included: George Abungu, UNESCO cultural specialist and former director of The National Museum of Kenya, David O'Kane Max Planck Institute Germany who wrote on ocean policy in Sierra Leone, Marian de Haan scholar from Zanzibar, Anezia Asse archaeologist from Mozambique, Godfrey Baldacchino island specialist and professor at Malta University, Penda Choppy Seychelles University, Lynn Harris historian, University of North Carolina, Curtis Marean palaeontologist at the State University of Arizona, Pedro Pombo anthropologist Goa University and Isabel Hofmeyr Emeritus professor Witwatersrand University and Charne Lavery, UCT both of whom wrote on oceanic humanities and the place of heritage in this narrative. In 2022, the Network consolidated further external partnerships, notably with international NGOs and indigenous peoples' networks, through the workshop series that was included in the Hub's join programme with FAO and High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture. The workshop series were co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with Hen Mpoano, Ghana; Legal Resource Centre, South Africa; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network. The seminar series encompassed two half-day sessions, focused on exploring customary laws and (in)tangible heritage within the context of ocean governance and, particularly, within the context of Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Assessments, Marine Protected Areas, and Marine Spatial Planning. The first workshop in May 2022 focused scene-setting and baseline setting, inviting collaborators and Hub researchers to share their perspectives on these issues with insight from specific contexts/ ongoing research (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU). This session focused on discussing current developments and recent questions surrounding these issues. Drawing from the discussion of the first workshop and an envisioned focus on consultation, human rights, boundaries, and capacity building, the second workshop in September 2022 covered recent perspectives, developments, and questions from the Pacific, particularly Fiji, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu, on customary law and ocean governance. The workshop series were aimed to push for the need to centre customary laws and (in)tangible heritage of coastal communities within ocean governance processes by connecting the developing research on this theme within the Hub with our partners. In March 2022, the Network organised a conference on African maritime history, "Charting African Waterscapes: A Conference on African Maritime History Across Time and Space." This was the first conference dedicated to this theme in the past decade. While this conference brought together scholars working on diverse aspects of African maritime history across chronological, geographical, and thematic barriers, it remained rooted in the issues of colonialism, law, and (in)tangible heritage that have become central to discussions within the Network. Contributors to this conference were drawn from researchers working in universities across Africa, China, Europe, and the United States. As a result of this conference an edited volume exploring the most recent developments in the field of African maritime history will be produced. This is an essential contribution to any understanding of maritime governance in Africa given that the last volume that explore this theme was published in 2009. In February 2023, the Network held a workshop at the University of Namibia to explore the role of customary laws in ocean governance in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. As a follow up from this workshop, in June 2024, the Network organised a workshop at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, that focuses on women in small-scale fisheries management. This workshop was centred on bringing together in person - for the first time - key knowledge holders from across the small-scale fishing communities that Hub researchers have been collaborating with in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. Focusing on women, whose voices continue to be underrepresented in both national and international dialogue, this workshop will enable three days of focused peer-to-peer dialogue and knowledge exchange. This was be facilitated by Hub researchers from each country team who have been working closely with women fisheries participants from different communities throughout each country. Prior to the workshop, and once the stakeholders were confirmed in dialogue with the interested communities, there was a series of pre-workshop sessions in order to co-design the workshop agenda with communities this cross-exchange is set to benefit, and the specific women involved. This was to ensure that the workshop fits with their particular areas of interest and the topics that they would like to share or learn more from within the broader context of small-scale fisheries management in Africa. This included areas where women have been successful in shaping or leading on fisheries management as well as the challenges and issues that they face or have faced in the past. The workshop was entirely designed around this peer-to-peer learning, in which the researchers involved are there solely to facilitate the dialogue between the community participants. In taking this approach, the Hub researchers involved were determined that the workshop will be as beneficial and valuable to the participating knowledge holders as possible, thereby creating a unique and potentially empowering space that we envision could form the basis of a network of women leaders in the context of African small-scale fisheries. This collaboration brought notable international impacts on UN advisory tools on fisheries governance. Drawing from Hub's research on customary law, researchers involved in this Network also co-developed high-level outputs with FAO. These include (1) FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/); (2) FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022 (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_); (3) the first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022 (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en); and (4) SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). This is reported under a separate entry "BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES." This collaboration demonstrated notable positive societal impacts. A total of 11 events organised as part of this collaboration has provided capacity building to 594 persons on the importance of the recognition of customary law in the context of natural resource management. The events organised under this collaboration on average were attended by over 50 per cent women attendees. The Network consists of 28 researchers in total. Women researchers account for 64 per cent of researchers involved (18 persons). As mentioned above in June 2024 the Network will be organising a workshop at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana that will specifically focus on women in small-scale fisheries management. Disciplines involved: history, marine science, law, sociology, anthropology.
Impact Resultant Outcomes Peer-reviewed journal articles Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative, & International Law. Available from https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478. HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. Mbatha P. (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy. Available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713. Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. Available from https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2. Book chapters Ansah JW, Yaa Oduro G, Wilson D, "Narratives of Non-Compliance in "Tuesday Non-Fishing Day" in Ghana," in Rose Boswell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 357-382. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Boswell, R (ed.), Blue Heritage: Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories and Cultures (Palgrave Macmillan, 2022). Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Boswell R, "Waking up to Wakashio: Marine and Human Disaster in Mauritius," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 225-250. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Christoffels-DuPlessis A, Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S, "Navigating a sea of laws: the quests of small-scale fishing communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights" in Rose Boswell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 325-356. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N, "Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 383-409. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Hills J, Chand K, George M, Huffer E, Kruger J, Samuwai J et al., "Blue Heritage in the Blue Pacific." in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 273-302. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Michalena E, Hills J, "Evolving Hegemonies of Blue Heritage: From Ancient Greece to Today," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 51-73. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Thornton JL, Pillay R, "'Other' Social Consequences of Marine Protection in Tsitsikamma, South Africa," Boswell R et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 411-426. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Blogposts summarising key issues being raised across the webinars. One Ocean Hub (2024), WOMEN IN SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES: PEER-TO-PEER LEARNING WORKSHOP, https://oneoceanhub.org/women-in-small-scale-fisheries-peer-to-peer-learning-workshop/ • One Ocean Hub. (2024). "New short film: 'Mapping for Justice' is about a long-lasting battle for customary rights within South Africa's first UNESCO world heritage site, https://oneoceanhub.org/new-short-film-mapping-for-justice-is-about-a-long-lasting-battle-for-customary-rights-in-a-world-heritage-site/. • McGarry D, Morgera E and Merilainen L. (2022). Fairer and more inclusive marine protected areas through restorative public storytelling, https://oneoceanhub.org/fairer-and-more-inclusive-marine-protected-areas-through-restorative-public-storytelling/. • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Wilson D. (2020). A Brief History of Colonisation, Customary Law, and Indigenous Marine Dispossession, https://oneoceanhub.org/a-brief-history-of-colonisation-customary-law-and-indigenous-marine-dispossession. • Wilson D. (2020). Indigenous Peoples' traditional knowledge and ocean climate action, https://oneoceanhub.org/indigenous-peoples-traditional-knowledge-and-ocean-climate-action/. • Wilson D. (2020). A Brief History of Colonisation, Customary Law, and Indigenous Marine Dispossession, https://oneoceanhub.org/a-brief-history-of-colonisation-customary-law-and-indigenous-marine-dispossession/. • Wilson D. (2021). Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group-The Story So Far (Part One), https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D. (2021). Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group-The Story So Far (Part Two), https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/. • Wilson D. (2022). Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshops, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/. • Wilson D. (2023). Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ Events/Webinars • Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLbzn-lQV0E. This event was organised for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, 11 June 2020 and was attended by around 50 attendees. • Domestic Customary Law & Ocean Governance: An Introduction to Different Perspectives and Approaches, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLbzn-lQV0E. This event was organised for the UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni and was attended by 46 attendees. • Canoe Culture and Heritage in Ghana, 9 June 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tdWFQ9Znank. This event was organised for the UN World Oceans Day 2020 and was attended by 56 attendees. • Dr Jackie Sunde - Decolonizing Marine Governance and Law, https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=sDNbvXSvLDU&t=4s; Dr Saskia Vermeylen - The Saltwater Collection and Sea Rights, https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=zXhSIIB7-OM; and Dr Joshua L. Reid - From "Fishing Together" to "To Fish in Common With", https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QV3NiBdocHE. The three presentation were delivered as part of "Customary Laws of the Sea and the legacy of colonisation," for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, 11 June 2020. The event was attended by 127 attendees. • Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Setting the Scene, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU. The event was organised as part of the Hub's contributions to the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture on 6 May 2022 and was attended by 75 attendees. • Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Reflections from the Pacific, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNZz83dgddE. The event was organised as part of the Hub's contributions to the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture on 22 September 2022. It was attended by 75 attendees. • A roundtable discussion featuring leading academics on "The Ocean and Climate Justice: Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation" COP26 side-event for the Scottish Government Climate Ambition Zone event, 5th November 2021 (hybrid event). Link to recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2145wf54XI. The event was attended by 34 attendees in total. These include 18 attendees who attended the event in person at the Lighthouse, 11 Mitchell Lane. Glasgow, Scotland G1 3NU and 16 attendees who joined the event virtually. • Climate-Related Conflict: Arts-Based Mediation and Recourse to Redress, 10th November 2021. COP26 side-event organised by: The One Ocean Hub, the Strathclyde Centre for Environmental Law and Governance, and the Independent Redress Mechanism (IRM) of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) at Level 3 of the new Learning & Teaching Building, TL328, University of Strathclyde (hybrid event). Link to recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pufOGgRoPrM. The event was attended by 26 attendees. • Indigenous Peoples, Traditional Knowledge, and Ocean-Climate Action led by the One Ocean Hub for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion, 10th November 2022.Event recording is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGLY0jwzllU&t=1432s This event was attended by 77 attendees. • Indigenous Knowledge, Community-based Art Practice and Inclusive Ocean Governance: A Case Study from Vanuatu (led by the Glasgow School of Art and the One Ocean Hub), 17 November 2022, a side event for the Moana Blue Pacific Pavilion at the COP27 Blue Zone, Egypt. Event recording is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQ-VvDVt5xM&t=1s. This event was attended by 16 attendees. • Ocean Climate Spotlights Talk at the Ocean Decade & OceanX Pavilion: an ocean solutions partnership! 10 December 2023, 14.00-15.00 (Dubai time), Ocean Decade + OceanX Pavilion, Blue Zone of COP28, Dubai. This event was attended by 12 attendees. Video/film outputs • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A • Short film 'Mapping for justice', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTr0ARgZfqs
Start Year 2020
 
Description CUSTOMARY LAW FOR THE OCEAN 
Organisation University of Strathclyde
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea" Research Network formed in 2020 as a means to bring together One Ocean Hub researchers and collaborators interested in customary laws within an ocean governance context. The Network has included researchers working across multiple Hub research programmes and country-specific programmes who are based in Barbados, Fiji, Ghana, Namibia, Scotland, Solomon Islands, and South Africa. Their disciplinary backgrounds include anthropology, education, environmental and geographical science, history, law, political economy, and sociology. A number of themes have emerged from discussions within this group, particularly: legal pluralism and the status of customary laws within national, regional, and international legal systems; the ongoing legacies of attempts to codify, manipulate, or construct customary laws within non-customary legal structures; the problems and opportunities of recognition; the disconnect between customary laws on the ground and on the books; the relationality of customary laws; and the challenges and opportunities of researcher-community partnerships focused on customary law issues. These themes were explored in 2020-2021 in webinars for World Oceans Week and capacity-building events in partnership with the UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (see separate entry under Collaborations). In 2021, the Network collaborated to produce The Palgrave Handbook on Blue Heritage. The book deconstructs hegemonic values attached to the oceans and the role of national governments in advancing inclusive and transformative ocean governance. It begins with key inputs from global ocean scholars on oceans in human evolution, the place of islands and coasts in human imagination and how humanities and heritage scholarship has engaged with the oceanic identities. The handbook offers a nuanced, region relevant, contemporary conceptualisation of blue heritage, discussing what will be required to achieve an inclusive oceans economy by 2063, the end goal date of the African Union's Agenda 2063. The analysis will be useful to established academics in the field of ocean studies, policymakers and practitioners engaged in research on the ocean economy, as well as graduate scholars in the ocean sciences. The book is in Press and will be published in 2022. In 2022, the Network conducted a series of two workshops on customary laws and (in)tangible heritage within ocean governance as part of the One Ocean Hub's programme for International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA), with the support of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). The first workshop titled "Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Setting the Scene" was organised on 6 May 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU). It focused on scene-setting and baseline setting discussing current developments and recent questions surrounding customary laws and tangible and intangible heritage within ocean governance processes (particularly within Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Assessments, Marine Protected Areas, and Marine Spatial Planning). The workshop was convened by Hub early career researcher, Dr David Wilson (University of Strathclyde) and featured two presentations from Wilmien Wicomb, Legal Resources Centre, South Africa and Balertey Gormey, H?n Mpoano, Ghana. The event recording is available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU. Summary of key messages discussed during the first webinar is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/. The second workshop in the series "Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Reflections from the Pacific" was held on 22nd September 2022. This workshop featured three presentations by Hub early career researcher, Lysa Wini, University of Strathclyde (Solomon Islands); Vatu Molisa, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Project Liason Officer (Vanuatu); and Alifereti Tawake, Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network (Fiji) covering recent perspectives, developments, and questions from the Pacific, particularly Fiji, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. The presentations were followed by questions and discussion surrounding the perspectives, questions, and insights shared. The event recording is available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNZz83dgddE. These two workshops were part of a series of initiatives to support the protection of human rights in the context of the implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). In 2022, South African members of the Network co-developed a new Empatheatre play titled "Umkhosi Wenala" (is Zulu for "Festival of Abundance"), which aims to create an innovative participatory decision-making space where rural youth can have a voice in the creation and management of MPAs that exclude cultural, spiritual and other local perspectives, concerns and questions. The play was co-developed with 13 young artists (Mbazwana Creative Arts) in northern KwaZulu-Natal region and addresses in more details questions related to customary laws, including customary fishing approaches and customary governance structures, building on decades of research by Hub researchers Philile Mbatha. The play is now to be toured nationally, with a view to supporting public debates on the inclusive and integrated creation and management of marine protected areas and the co-development of an " MPA Charter" to influence future policy and practice in this area. On 1-2 February 2023, an internal workshop was held at the University of Namibia by the Network to bring together research teams who have been exploring the role of customary laws in ocean governance in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa for two days of cross-country learning and dialogue. Hub researchers have identified the need for comparative reflections on the current status of customary laws in ocean governance, and have agreed on the structure of a joint, comparative synthesis paper to be completed in 2025. Four internal, virtual write-shops were held later in 2023 to develop the comparative paper, which is currently in a stage of finalisation. From 11-13 June 2024, we convened a three-day peer-to-peer learning workshop focused on Women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Cape Coast, Ghana to bring together in person - for the first time - key knowledge holders from across the small-scale fishing communities that Hub researchers have been collaborating with in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia; University of the West Indies, Barbados. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK. • UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Italy. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Vanuatu; Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network, Fiji. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland.
Collaborator Contribution The partnership brought together a new inter-disciplinary network within the Hub, connecting research across disciplines, scales, and country-focus. This includes connecting early career researchers interested in the themes of customary law and (in)tangible heritage, including seventeen early career researchers based at universities in the Caribbean, Ghana, Scotland, South Africa, and the South Pacific. This partnership has contributed to knowledge sharing and partnerships across different country-focused research as well as connecting country-specific research to international-focused research via the Hub's International Impact Working Group. This has ensured that customary laws and (in)tangible heritage is fully integrated into conversations across the Hub at all levels. The collaboration has led to three webinars. The first, for UN World Oceans Week 2020, was titled "Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation" (11 June 2020) and brought together three scholars examining the impacts and legacies of colonisation and decolonisation on the customs and rights of coastal communities in three case studies across Australia, the Pacific Northwest (the US), and South Africa, and the role that the law plays in the development and dismantling of colonial institutions that continue to have an impact on ocean governance. The second webinar "Domestic Customary Law and Ocean Governance: An Introduction to Different Perspectives and Approaches" (28 September 2020) was organised as a session for UNDOALOS Nippon Fellow Network. This webinar focused on an introduction to domestic customary laws of the coast and sea within the context of ocean governance. This included eight speakers-a mixture of One Ocean Hub researchers and Nippon Fellow Alumni-who provided their perspectives on this issue across distinctive disciplinary (including law, political ecology, anthropology, and history) and regional (including Ghana, South Africa, the Caribbean, and Fiji) contexts. The third webinar, for UN World Oceans Week 2021, was titled "Canoe Culture & Heritage in Ghana" (9 June 2021), which brought together Hub researchers from Strathclyde, Cape Coast, and Nelson Mandela Universities to examine canoe culture as a representation of adaptive maritime cultures, which have been altered and transformed to not only weather social, economic, and technological shifts but also to absorb and thrive over periods of change. The panel discussed that these vessels, which connect marine and terrestrial spaces in coastal Ghana, are an inherent part of the customary laws and (in)tangible heritage of the coast and sea. The Network's work on The Palgrave Handbook on Blue Heritage involved collaboration with more than 25 authors worldwide, including scholars from Australia, US, Seychelles and Goa, India. The editing of the book was a novel inter-disciplinary collaboration between Hub researchers, Professor Rosabelle Boswell, Nelson Mandela University (South Africa), anthropology, and Professor Jeremy Hills, University of South Pacific (Fiji), ocean policy. The individual chapters also brought together Hub researchers that hadn't published together before, from different disciplines: Dr Bola Erinosho (Cape Coast University), Anthea (Nelson Mandela University) and Professor Elisa Morgera (Strathclyde University) from law, Dr Jackie Sunde (Cape Town University) from fisheries policy, and Dr Laura Major, Dr Saskia Vermeylen (Strathclyde University) from anthropology offered a detailed analysis on the challenges of integrating customary law and ocean governance, drawing on key case law in South Africa and Ghana. Dr David Wilson (Strathclyde University, history), Dr Georgina Yaa Oduro, and Dr John Ansah (Cape Coast University, sociology) provided detailed analysis on the narratives of non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day in Ghana. Professor Jeremy Hills (University of South Pacific, environmental science) with Kevin Chand (Blue Ocean Law, law), Dr Mimi George (Holau Vaka Taumako Association, anthropology), Elise Huffer (University of South Pacific, cultural economics), Dr Jale Samuwai (Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, resilience financing analyst) Dr Kati Soapi (Pacific Community, marine science) and Dr Anita Smith (the Australian delegation on the World Heritage Committee, archaeology) on blue heritages in the Pacific, including indigenous epistemology among seafarers in the region. Dr Jessica Thornton (Nelson Mandela University, anthropology) and Dr Ryan Pillay (Nelson Mandela University, arts & culture), offered a chapter on the consequences of the marine protected area for vulnerable communities and indigenes in Tsitsikamma, South Africa. Dr Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, educational sociologist), Dr Kira Erwin (Durban University of Technology, urban sociologist), Dr Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University, environmental science) and Neil Coppen's (writer, director) chapter examined the role of narrative and theatre in storytelling and coastal justice. They offered a sensitive account of the role of Empatheatre in sharing human emotional experience of the sea. In addition, other parts of the book advanced international collaboration with authors and researchers beyond the Hub. The collaborators included: George Abungu, UNESCO cultural specialist and former director of The National Museum of Kenya, David O'Kane Max Planck Institute Germany who wrote on ocean policy in Sierra Leone, Marian de Haan scholar from Zanzibar, Anezia Asse archaeologist from Mozambique, Godfrey Baldacchino island specialist and professor at Malta University, Penda Choppy Seychelles University, Lynn Harris historian, University of North Carolina, Curtis Marean palaeontologist at the State University of Arizona, Pedro Pombo anthropologist Goa University and Isabel Hofmeyr Emeritus professor Witwatersrand University and Charne Lavery, UCT both of whom wrote on oceanic humanities and the place of heritage in this narrative. In 2022, the Network consolidated further external partnerships, notably with international NGOs and indigenous peoples' networks, through the workshop series that was included in the Hub's join programme with FAO and High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture. The workshop series were co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with Hen Mpoano, Ghana; Legal Resource Centre, South Africa; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network. The seminar series encompassed two half-day sessions, focused on exploring customary laws and (in)tangible heritage within the context of ocean governance and, particularly, within the context of Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Assessments, Marine Protected Areas, and Marine Spatial Planning. The first workshop in May 2022 focused scene-setting and baseline setting, inviting collaborators and Hub researchers to share their perspectives on these issues with insight from specific contexts/ ongoing research (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU). This session focused on discussing current developments and recent questions surrounding these issues. Drawing from the discussion of the first workshop and an envisioned focus on consultation, human rights, boundaries, and capacity building, the second workshop in September 2022 covered recent perspectives, developments, and questions from the Pacific, particularly Fiji, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu, on customary law and ocean governance. The workshop series were aimed to push for the need to centre customary laws and (in)tangible heritage of coastal communities within ocean governance processes by connecting the developing research on this theme within the Hub with our partners. In March 2022, the Network organised a conference on African maritime history, "Charting African Waterscapes: A Conference on African Maritime History Across Time and Space." This was the first conference dedicated to this theme in the past decade. While this conference brought together scholars working on diverse aspects of African maritime history across chronological, geographical, and thematic barriers, it remained rooted in the issues of colonialism, law, and (in)tangible heritage that have become central to discussions within the Network. Contributors to this conference were drawn from researchers working in universities across Africa, China, Europe, and the United States. As a result of this conference an edited volume exploring the most recent developments in the field of African maritime history will be produced. This is an essential contribution to any understanding of maritime governance in Africa given that the last volume that explore this theme was published in 2009. In February 2023, the Network held a workshop at the University of Namibia to explore the role of customary laws in ocean governance in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. As a follow up from this workshop, in June 2024, the Network organised a workshop at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, that focuses on women in small-scale fisheries management. This workshop was centred on bringing together in person - for the first time - key knowledge holders from across the small-scale fishing communities that Hub researchers have been collaborating with in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. Focusing on women, whose voices continue to be underrepresented in both national and international dialogue, this workshop will enable three days of focused peer-to-peer dialogue and knowledge exchange. This was be facilitated by Hub researchers from each country team who have been working closely with women fisheries participants from different communities throughout each country. Prior to the workshop, and once the stakeholders were confirmed in dialogue with the interested communities, there was a series of pre-workshop sessions in order to co-design the workshop agenda with communities this cross-exchange is set to benefit, and the specific women involved. This was to ensure that the workshop fits with their particular areas of interest and the topics that they would like to share or learn more from within the broader context of small-scale fisheries management in Africa. This included areas where women have been successful in shaping or leading on fisheries management as well as the challenges and issues that they face or have faced in the past. The workshop was entirely designed around this peer-to-peer learning, in which the researchers involved are there solely to facilitate the dialogue between the community participants. In taking this approach, the Hub researchers involved were determined that the workshop will be as beneficial and valuable to the participating knowledge holders as possible, thereby creating a unique and potentially empowering space that we envision could form the basis of a network of women leaders in the context of African small-scale fisheries. This collaboration brought notable international impacts on UN advisory tools on fisheries governance. Drawing from Hub's research on customary law, researchers involved in this Network also co-developed high-level outputs with FAO. These include (1) FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/); (2) FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022 (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_); (3) the first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022 (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en); and (4) SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). This is reported under a separate entry "BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES." This collaboration demonstrated notable positive societal impacts. A total of 11 events organised as part of this collaboration has provided capacity building to 594 persons on the importance of the recognition of customary law in the context of natural resource management. The events organised under this collaboration on average were attended by over 50 per cent women attendees. The Network consists of 28 researchers in total. Women researchers account for 64 per cent of researchers involved (18 persons). As mentioned above in June 2024 the Network will be organising a workshop at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana that will specifically focus on women in small-scale fisheries management. Disciplines involved: history, marine science, law, sociology, anthropology.
Impact Resultant Outcomes Peer-reviewed journal articles Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative, & International Law. Available from https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478. HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. Mbatha P. (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy. Available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713. Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. Available from https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2. Book chapters Ansah JW, Yaa Oduro G, Wilson D, "Narratives of Non-Compliance in "Tuesday Non-Fishing Day" in Ghana," in Rose Boswell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 357-382. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Boswell, R (ed.), Blue Heritage: Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories and Cultures (Palgrave Macmillan, 2022). Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Boswell R, "Waking up to Wakashio: Marine and Human Disaster in Mauritius," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 225-250. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Christoffels-DuPlessis A, Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S, "Navigating a sea of laws: the quests of small-scale fishing communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights" in Rose Boswell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 325-356. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N, "Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 383-409. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Hills J, Chand K, George M, Huffer E, Kruger J, Samuwai J et al., "Blue Heritage in the Blue Pacific." in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 273-302. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Michalena E, Hills J, "Evolving Hegemonies of Blue Heritage: From Ancient Greece to Today," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 51-73. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Thornton JL, Pillay R, "'Other' Social Consequences of Marine Protection in Tsitsikamma, South Africa," Boswell R et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 411-426. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Blogposts summarising key issues being raised across the webinars. One Ocean Hub (2024), WOMEN IN SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES: PEER-TO-PEER LEARNING WORKSHOP, https://oneoceanhub.org/women-in-small-scale-fisheries-peer-to-peer-learning-workshop/ • One Ocean Hub. (2024). "New short film: 'Mapping for Justice' is about a long-lasting battle for customary rights within South Africa's first UNESCO world heritage site, https://oneoceanhub.org/new-short-film-mapping-for-justice-is-about-a-long-lasting-battle-for-customary-rights-in-a-world-heritage-site/. • McGarry D, Morgera E and Merilainen L. (2022). Fairer and more inclusive marine protected areas through restorative public storytelling, https://oneoceanhub.org/fairer-and-more-inclusive-marine-protected-areas-through-restorative-public-storytelling/. • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Wilson D. (2020). A Brief History of Colonisation, Customary Law, and Indigenous Marine Dispossession, https://oneoceanhub.org/a-brief-history-of-colonisation-customary-law-and-indigenous-marine-dispossession. • Wilson D. (2020). Indigenous Peoples' traditional knowledge and ocean climate action, https://oneoceanhub.org/indigenous-peoples-traditional-knowledge-and-ocean-climate-action/. • Wilson D. (2020). A Brief History of Colonisation, Customary Law, and Indigenous Marine Dispossession, https://oneoceanhub.org/a-brief-history-of-colonisation-customary-law-and-indigenous-marine-dispossession/. • Wilson D. (2021). Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group-The Story So Far (Part One), https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D. (2021). Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group-The Story So Far (Part Two), https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/. • Wilson D. (2022). Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshops, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/. • Wilson D. (2023). Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ Events/Webinars • Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLbzn-lQV0E. This event was organised for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, 11 June 2020 and was attended by around 50 attendees. • Domestic Customary Law & Ocean Governance: An Introduction to Different Perspectives and Approaches, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLbzn-lQV0E. This event was organised for the UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni and was attended by 46 attendees. • Canoe Culture and Heritage in Ghana, 9 June 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tdWFQ9Znank. This event was organised for the UN World Oceans Day 2020 and was attended by 56 attendees. • Dr Jackie Sunde - Decolonizing Marine Governance and Law, https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=sDNbvXSvLDU&t=4s; Dr Saskia Vermeylen - The Saltwater Collection and Sea Rights, https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=zXhSIIB7-OM; and Dr Joshua L. Reid - From "Fishing Together" to "To Fish in Common With", https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QV3NiBdocHE. The three presentation were delivered as part of "Customary Laws of the Sea and the legacy of colonisation," for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, 11 June 2020. The event was attended by 127 attendees. • Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Setting the Scene, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU. The event was organised as part of the Hub's contributions to the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture on 6 May 2022 and was attended by 75 attendees. • Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Reflections from the Pacific, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNZz83dgddE. The event was organised as part of the Hub's contributions to the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture on 22 September 2022. It was attended by 75 attendees. • A roundtable discussion featuring leading academics on "The Ocean and Climate Justice: Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation" COP26 side-event for the Scottish Government Climate Ambition Zone event, 5th November 2021 (hybrid event). Link to recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2145wf54XI. The event was attended by 34 attendees in total. These include 18 attendees who attended the event in person at the Lighthouse, 11 Mitchell Lane. Glasgow, Scotland G1 3NU and 16 attendees who joined the event virtually. • Climate-Related Conflict: Arts-Based Mediation and Recourse to Redress, 10th November 2021. COP26 side-event organised by: The One Ocean Hub, the Strathclyde Centre for Environmental Law and Governance, and the Independent Redress Mechanism (IRM) of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) at Level 3 of the new Learning & Teaching Building, TL328, University of Strathclyde (hybrid event). Link to recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pufOGgRoPrM. The event was attended by 26 attendees. • Indigenous Peoples, Traditional Knowledge, and Ocean-Climate Action led by the One Ocean Hub for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion, 10th November 2022.Event recording is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGLY0jwzllU&t=1432s This event was attended by 77 attendees. • Indigenous Knowledge, Community-based Art Practice and Inclusive Ocean Governance: A Case Study from Vanuatu (led by the Glasgow School of Art and the One Ocean Hub), 17 November 2022, a side event for the Moana Blue Pacific Pavilion at the COP27 Blue Zone, Egypt. Event recording is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQ-VvDVt5xM&t=1s. This event was attended by 16 attendees. • Ocean Climate Spotlights Talk at the Ocean Decade & OceanX Pavilion: an ocean solutions partnership! 10 December 2023, 14.00-15.00 (Dubai time), Ocean Decade + OceanX Pavilion, Blue Zone of COP28, Dubai. This event was attended by 12 attendees. Video/film outputs • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A • Short film 'Mapping for justice', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTr0ARgZfqs
Start Year 2020
 
Description CUSTOMARY LAW FOR THE OCEAN 
Organisation University of the West Indies
Country Barbados 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The "Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea" Research Network formed in 2020 as a means to bring together One Ocean Hub researchers and collaborators interested in customary laws within an ocean governance context. The Network has included researchers working across multiple Hub research programmes and country-specific programmes who are based in Barbados, Fiji, Ghana, Namibia, Scotland, Solomon Islands, and South Africa. Their disciplinary backgrounds include anthropology, education, environmental and geographical science, history, law, political economy, and sociology. A number of themes have emerged from discussions within this group, particularly: legal pluralism and the status of customary laws within national, regional, and international legal systems; the ongoing legacies of attempts to codify, manipulate, or construct customary laws within non-customary legal structures; the problems and opportunities of recognition; the disconnect between customary laws on the ground and on the books; the relationality of customary laws; and the challenges and opportunities of researcher-community partnerships focused on customary law issues. These themes were explored in 2020-2021 in webinars for World Oceans Week and capacity-building events in partnership with the UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (see separate entry under Collaborations). In 2021, the Network collaborated to produce The Palgrave Handbook on Blue Heritage. The book deconstructs hegemonic values attached to the oceans and the role of national governments in advancing inclusive and transformative ocean governance. It begins with key inputs from global ocean scholars on oceans in human evolution, the place of islands and coasts in human imagination and how humanities and heritage scholarship has engaged with the oceanic identities. The handbook offers a nuanced, region relevant, contemporary conceptualisation of blue heritage, discussing what will be required to achieve an inclusive oceans economy by 2063, the end goal date of the African Union's Agenda 2063. The analysis will be useful to established academics in the field of ocean studies, policymakers and practitioners engaged in research on the ocean economy, as well as graduate scholars in the ocean sciences. The book is in Press and will be published in 2022. In 2022, the Network conducted a series of two workshops on customary laws and (in)tangible heritage within ocean governance as part of the One Ocean Hub's programme for International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA), with the support of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). The first workshop titled "Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Setting the Scene" was organised on 6 May 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU). It focused on scene-setting and baseline setting discussing current developments and recent questions surrounding customary laws and tangible and intangible heritage within ocean governance processes (particularly within Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Assessments, Marine Protected Areas, and Marine Spatial Planning). The workshop was convened by Hub early career researcher, Dr David Wilson (University of Strathclyde) and featured two presentations from Wilmien Wicomb, Legal Resources Centre, South Africa and Balertey Gormey, H?n Mpoano, Ghana. The event recording is available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU. Summary of key messages discussed during the first webinar is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/. The second workshop in the series "Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Reflections from the Pacific" was held on 22nd September 2022. This workshop featured three presentations by Hub early career researcher, Lysa Wini, University of Strathclyde (Solomon Islands); Vatu Molisa, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Project Liason Officer (Vanuatu); and Alifereti Tawake, Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network (Fiji) covering recent perspectives, developments, and questions from the Pacific, particularly Fiji, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. The presentations were followed by questions and discussion surrounding the perspectives, questions, and insights shared. The event recording is available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNZz83dgddE. These two workshops were part of a series of initiatives to support the protection of human rights in the context of the implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). In 2022, South African members of the Network co-developed a new Empatheatre play titled "Umkhosi Wenala" (is Zulu for "Festival of Abundance"), which aims to create an innovative participatory decision-making space where rural youth can have a voice in the creation and management of MPAs that exclude cultural, spiritual and other local perspectives, concerns and questions. The play was co-developed with 13 young artists (Mbazwana Creative Arts) in northern KwaZulu-Natal region and addresses in more details questions related to customary laws, including customary fishing approaches and customary governance structures, building on decades of research by Hub researchers Philile Mbatha. The play is now to be toured nationally, with a view to supporting public debates on the inclusive and integrated creation and management of marine protected areas and the co-development of an " MPA Charter" to influence future policy and practice in this area. On 1-2 February 2023, an internal workshop was held at the University of Namibia by the Network to bring together research teams who have been exploring the role of customary laws in ocean governance in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa for two days of cross-country learning and dialogue. Hub researchers have identified the need for comparative reflections on the current status of customary laws in ocean governance, and have agreed on the structure of a joint, comparative synthesis paper to be completed in 2025. Four internal, virtual write-shops were held later in 2023 to develop the comparative paper, which is currently in a stage of finalisation. From 11-13 June 2024, we convened a three-day peer-to-peer learning workshop focused on Women in Small-Scale Fisheries in Cape Coast, Ghana to bring together in person - for the first time - key knowledge holders from across the small-scale fishing communities that Hub researchers have been collaborating with in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia; University of the West Indies, Barbados. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK. • UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Italy. The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Hen Mpoano, Ghana; Environmental Justice Foundation, South Africa; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Vanuatu; Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network, Fiji. • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland.
Collaborator Contribution The partnership brought together a new inter-disciplinary network within the Hub, connecting research across disciplines, scales, and country-focus. This includes connecting early career researchers interested in the themes of customary law and (in)tangible heritage, including seventeen early career researchers based at universities in the Caribbean, Ghana, Scotland, South Africa, and the South Pacific. This partnership has contributed to knowledge sharing and partnerships across different country-focused research as well as connecting country-specific research to international-focused research via the Hub's International Impact Working Group. This has ensured that customary laws and (in)tangible heritage is fully integrated into conversations across the Hub at all levels. The collaboration has led to three webinars. The first, for UN World Oceans Week 2020, was titled "Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation" (11 June 2020) and brought together three scholars examining the impacts and legacies of colonisation and decolonisation on the customs and rights of coastal communities in three case studies across Australia, the Pacific Northwest (the US), and South Africa, and the role that the law plays in the development and dismantling of colonial institutions that continue to have an impact on ocean governance. The second webinar "Domestic Customary Law and Ocean Governance: An Introduction to Different Perspectives and Approaches" (28 September 2020) was organised as a session for UNDOALOS Nippon Fellow Network. This webinar focused on an introduction to domestic customary laws of the coast and sea within the context of ocean governance. This included eight speakers-a mixture of One Ocean Hub researchers and Nippon Fellow Alumni-who provided their perspectives on this issue across distinctive disciplinary (including law, political ecology, anthropology, and history) and regional (including Ghana, South Africa, the Caribbean, and Fiji) contexts. The third webinar, for UN World Oceans Week 2021, was titled "Canoe Culture & Heritage in Ghana" (9 June 2021), which brought together Hub researchers from Strathclyde, Cape Coast, and Nelson Mandela Universities to examine canoe culture as a representation of adaptive maritime cultures, which have been altered and transformed to not only weather social, economic, and technological shifts but also to absorb and thrive over periods of change. The panel discussed that these vessels, which connect marine and terrestrial spaces in coastal Ghana, are an inherent part of the customary laws and (in)tangible heritage of the coast and sea. The Network's work on The Palgrave Handbook on Blue Heritage involved collaboration with more than 25 authors worldwide, including scholars from Australia, US, Seychelles and Goa, India. The editing of the book was a novel inter-disciplinary collaboration between Hub researchers, Professor Rosabelle Boswell, Nelson Mandela University (South Africa), anthropology, and Professor Jeremy Hills, University of South Pacific (Fiji), ocean policy. The individual chapters also brought together Hub researchers that hadn't published together before, from different disciplines: Dr Bola Erinosho (Cape Coast University), Anthea (Nelson Mandela University) and Professor Elisa Morgera (Strathclyde University) from law, Dr Jackie Sunde (Cape Town University) from fisheries policy, and Dr Laura Major, Dr Saskia Vermeylen (Strathclyde University) from anthropology offered a detailed analysis on the challenges of integrating customary law and ocean governance, drawing on key case law in South Africa and Ghana. Dr David Wilson (Strathclyde University, history), Dr Georgina Yaa Oduro, and Dr John Ansah (Cape Coast University, sociology) provided detailed analysis on the narratives of non-compliance in Tuesday non-fishing day in Ghana. Professor Jeremy Hills (University of South Pacific, environmental science) with Kevin Chand (Blue Ocean Law, law), Dr Mimi George (Holau Vaka Taumako Association, anthropology), Elise Huffer (University of South Pacific, cultural economics), Dr Jale Samuwai (Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, resilience financing analyst) Dr Kati Soapi (Pacific Community, marine science) and Dr Anita Smith (the Australian delegation on the World Heritage Committee, archaeology) on blue heritages in the Pacific, including indigenous epistemology among seafarers in the region. Dr Jessica Thornton (Nelson Mandela University, anthropology) and Dr Ryan Pillay (Nelson Mandela University, arts & culture), offered a chapter on the consequences of the marine protected area for vulnerable communities and indigenes in Tsitsikamma, South Africa. Dr Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, educational sociologist), Dr Kira Erwin (Durban University of Technology, urban sociologist), Dr Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University, environmental science) and Neil Coppen's (writer, director) chapter examined the role of narrative and theatre in storytelling and coastal justice. They offered a sensitive account of the role of Empatheatre in sharing human emotional experience of the sea. In addition, other parts of the book advanced international collaboration with authors and researchers beyond the Hub. The collaborators included: George Abungu, UNESCO cultural specialist and former director of The National Museum of Kenya, David O'Kane Max Planck Institute Germany who wrote on ocean policy in Sierra Leone, Marian de Haan scholar from Zanzibar, Anezia Asse archaeologist from Mozambique, Godfrey Baldacchino island specialist and professor at Malta University, Penda Choppy Seychelles University, Lynn Harris historian, University of North Carolina, Curtis Marean palaeontologist at the State University of Arizona, Pedro Pombo anthropologist Goa University and Isabel Hofmeyr Emeritus professor Witwatersrand University and Charne Lavery, UCT both of whom wrote on oceanic humanities and the place of heritage in this narrative. In 2022, the Network consolidated further external partnerships, notably with international NGOs and indigenous peoples' networks, through the workshop series that was included in the Hub's join programme with FAO and High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture. The workshop series were co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with Hen Mpoano, Ghana; Legal Resource Centre, South Africa; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network. The seminar series encompassed two half-day sessions, focused on exploring customary laws and (in)tangible heritage within the context of ocean governance and, particularly, within the context of Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Assessments, Marine Protected Areas, and Marine Spatial Planning. The first workshop in May 2022 focused scene-setting and baseline setting, inviting collaborators and Hub researchers to share their perspectives on these issues with insight from specific contexts/ ongoing research (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU). This session focused on discussing current developments and recent questions surrounding these issues. Drawing from the discussion of the first workshop and an envisioned focus on consultation, human rights, boundaries, and capacity building, the second workshop in September 2022 covered recent perspectives, developments, and questions from the Pacific, particularly Fiji, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu, on customary law and ocean governance. The workshop series were aimed to push for the need to centre customary laws and (in)tangible heritage of coastal communities within ocean governance processes by connecting the developing research on this theme within the Hub with our partners. In March 2022, the Network organised a conference on African maritime history, "Charting African Waterscapes: A Conference on African Maritime History Across Time and Space." This was the first conference dedicated to this theme in the past decade. While this conference brought together scholars working on diverse aspects of African maritime history across chronological, geographical, and thematic barriers, it remained rooted in the issues of colonialism, law, and (in)tangible heritage that have become central to discussions within the Network. Contributors to this conference were drawn from researchers working in universities across Africa, China, Europe, and the United States. As a result of this conference an edited volume exploring the most recent developments in the field of African maritime history will be produced. This is an essential contribution to any understanding of maritime governance in Africa given that the last volume that explore this theme was published in 2009. In February 2023, the Network held a workshop at the University of Namibia to explore the role of customary laws in ocean governance in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. As a follow up from this workshop, in June 2024, the Network organised a workshop at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, that focuses on women in small-scale fisheries management. This workshop was centred on bringing together in person - for the first time - key knowledge holders from across the small-scale fishing communities that Hub researchers have been collaborating with in Ghana, Namibia, and South Africa. Focusing on women, whose voices continue to be underrepresented in both national and international dialogue, this workshop will enable three days of focused peer-to-peer dialogue and knowledge exchange. This was be facilitated by Hub researchers from each country team who have been working closely with women fisheries participants from different communities throughout each country. Prior to the workshop, and once the stakeholders were confirmed in dialogue with the interested communities, there was a series of pre-workshop sessions in order to co-design the workshop agenda with communities this cross-exchange is set to benefit, and the specific women involved. This was to ensure that the workshop fits with their particular areas of interest and the topics that they would like to share or learn more from within the broader context of small-scale fisheries management in Africa. This included areas where women have been successful in shaping or leading on fisheries management as well as the challenges and issues that they face or have faced in the past. The workshop was entirely designed around this peer-to-peer learning, in which the researchers involved are there solely to facilitate the dialogue between the community participants. In taking this approach, the Hub researchers involved were determined that the workshop will be as beneficial and valuable to the participating knowledge holders as possible, thereby creating a unique and potentially empowering space that we envision could form the basis of a network of women leaders in the context of African small-scale fisheries. This collaboration brought notable international impacts on UN advisory tools on fisheries governance. Drawing from Hub's research on customary law, researchers involved in this Network also co-developed high-level outputs with FAO. These include (1) FAO global "Policy and Legal Diagnostic Tool for Sustainable SSF," published in March 2022), co-developed with FAO and One Ocean Hub (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb8234en; https://oneoceanhub.org/fao-policy-and-legal-diagnostic-tool-for-small-scale-fishers-published/); (2) FAO e-learning course "Legal and policy considerations for sustainable small-scale fisheries," published in October 2022 (https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=881_); (3) the first policy brief co-developed by OOH, FAO and UNOHCHR "Applying coherently the human rights framework to SSF for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals," published in November 2022 (https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en); and (4) SSF-LEX is FAO's, published in January 2023, a free online legal and policy database co-developed by FAO and One Ocean Hub that supports the implementation of the SSF Guidelines (https://ssflex.fao.org/). This is reported under a separate entry "BETTER PROTECTING SMALL-SCALE FISHERS' HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS SCALES." This collaboration demonstrated notable positive societal impacts. A total of 11 events organised as part of this collaboration has provided capacity building to 594 persons on the importance of the recognition of customary law in the context of natural resource management. The events organised under this collaboration on average were attended by over 50 per cent women attendees. The Network consists of 28 researchers in total. Women researchers account for 64 per cent of researchers involved (18 persons). As mentioned above in June 2024 the Network will be organising a workshop at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana that will specifically focus on women in small-scale fisheries management. Disciplines involved: history, marine science, law, sociology, anthropology.
Impact Resultant Outcomes Peer-reviewed journal articles Golo HK, Ibrahim S, Erinosho B. (2022). "Integrating communities' customary laws into marine small-scale fisheries governance in Ghana: Reflections on the FAO Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries." Review of European, Comparative, & International Law. Available from https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12478. HK Golo, B Erinosho. (2023). "Tackling the challenges confronting women in the Elmina fishing community of Ghana: A human rights framework." Marine Policy, Vol.147, available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105349. Mbatha P. (2022). "Unravelling the perpetuated marginalization of customary livelihoods on the coast by plural and multi-level conservation governance systems." Marine Policy. Available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104713. Wilson D. (2021). "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance." Maritime Studies. Available from https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2. Book chapters Ansah JW, Yaa Oduro G, Wilson D, "Narratives of Non-Compliance in "Tuesday Non-Fishing Day" in Ghana," in Rose Boswell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 357-382. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Boswell, R (ed.), Blue Heritage: Global Perspectives on Ocean Histories and Cultures (Palgrave Macmillan, 2022). Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Boswell R, "Waking up to Wakashio: Marine and Human Disaster in Mauritius," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 225-250. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Christoffels-DuPlessis A, Erinosho B, Major L, Morgera E, Sunde J and Vermeylen S, "Navigating a sea of laws: the quests of small-scale fishing communities in Ghana and South Africa for protecting their customary rights" in Rose Boswell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 325-356. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Erwin K, Pereira T, McGarry D, Coppen N, "Lalela uLwandle: An Experiment in Plural Governance Discussions," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 383-409. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4. Hills J, Chand K, George M, Huffer E, Kruger J, Samuwai J et al., "Blue Heritage in the Blue Pacific." in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 273-302. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Michalena E, Hills J, "Evolving Hegemonies of Blue Heritage: From Ancient Greece to Today," in Rose Bosewell et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 51-73. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Thornton JL, Pillay R, "'Other' Social Consequences of Marine Protection in Tsitsikamma, South Africa," Boswell R et al (ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (Palgrave, 2022), 411-426. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4 Blogposts summarising key issues being raised across the webinars. One Ocean Hub (2024), WOMEN IN SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES: PEER-TO-PEER LEARNING WORKSHOP, https://oneoceanhub.org/women-in-small-scale-fisheries-peer-to-peer-learning-workshop/ • One Ocean Hub. (2024). "New short film: 'Mapping for Justice' is about a long-lasting battle for customary rights within South Africa's first UNESCO world heritage site, https://oneoceanhub.org/new-short-film-mapping-for-justice-is-about-a-long-lasting-battle-for-customary-rights-in-a-world-heritage-site/. • McGarry D, Morgera E and Merilainen L. (2022). Fairer and more inclusive marine protected areas through restorative public storytelling, https://oneoceanhub.org/fairer-and-more-inclusive-marine-protected-areas-through-restorative-public-storytelling/. • Nakamura J, Erinosho B and Strand M, "Fishing for recognition of customary law: a preliminary reflection in the fisheries context," 8 May 2023, https://www.fao.org/legal-services/resources/detail/en/c/1638852/. • Wilson D. (2020). A Brief History of Colonisation, Customary Law, and Indigenous Marine Dispossession, https://oneoceanhub.org/a-brief-history-of-colonisation-customary-law-and-indigenous-marine-dispossession. • Wilson D. (2020). Indigenous Peoples' traditional knowledge and ocean climate action, https://oneoceanhub.org/indigenous-peoples-traditional-knowledge-and-ocean-climate-action/. • Wilson D. (2020). A Brief History of Colonisation, Customary Law, and Indigenous Marine Dispossession, https://oneoceanhub.org/a-brief-history-of-colonisation-customary-law-and-indigenous-marine-dispossession/. • Wilson D. (2021). Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group-The Story So Far (Part One), https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-one/. • Wilson D. (2021). Customary Laws of the Coast and Sea Research Group-The Story So Far (Part Two), https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-research-group-the-story-so-far-part-two/. • Wilson D. (2022). Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshops, https://oneoceanhub.org/customary-law-tangible-intangible-heritage-and-ocean-governance-workshops/. • Wilson D. (2023). Comparative reflections on customary laws of the coast and sea in Africa, https://oneoceanhub.org/comparative-reflections-on-customary-laws-of-the-coast-and-sea-in-africa/ Events/Webinars • Customary Laws of the Sea and the Legacy of Colonisation, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLbzn-lQV0E. This event was organised for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, 11 June 2020 and was attended by around 50 attendees. • Domestic Customary Law & Ocean Governance: An Introduction to Different Perspectives and Approaches, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLbzn-lQV0E. This event was organised for the UN Nippon Fellows and Alumni and was attended by 46 attendees. • Canoe Culture and Heritage in Ghana, 9 June 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tdWFQ9Znank. This event was organised for the UN World Oceans Day 2020 and was attended by 56 attendees. • Dr Jackie Sunde - Decolonizing Marine Governance and Law, https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=sDNbvXSvLDU&t=4s; Dr Saskia Vermeylen - The Saltwater Collection and Sea Rights, https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=zXhSIIB7-OM; and Dr Joshua L. Reid - From "Fishing Together" to "To Fish in Common With", https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QV3NiBdocHE. The three presentation were delivered as part of "Customary Laws of the Sea and the legacy of colonisation," for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, 11 June 2020. The event was attended by 127 attendees. • Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Setting the Scene, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxsMGss2WeU. The event was organised as part of the Hub's contributions to the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture on 6 May 2022 and was attended by 75 attendees. • Customary Law, Tangible & Intangible Heritage, and Ocean Governance Workshop: Reflections from the Pacific, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNZz83dgddE. The event was organised as part of the Hub's contributions to the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture on 22 September 2022. It was attended by 75 attendees. • A roundtable discussion featuring leading academics on "The Ocean and Climate Justice: Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation" COP26 side-event for the Scottish Government Climate Ambition Zone event, 5th November 2021 (hybrid event). Link to recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2145wf54XI. The event was attended by 34 attendees in total. These include 18 attendees who attended the event in person at the Lighthouse, 11 Mitchell Lane. Glasgow, Scotland G1 3NU and 16 attendees who joined the event virtually. • Climate-Related Conflict: Arts-Based Mediation and Recourse to Redress, 10th November 2021. COP26 side-event organised by: The One Ocean Hub, the Strathclyde Centre for Environmental Law and Governance, and the Independent Redress Mechanism (IRM) of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) at Level 3 of the new Learning & Teaching Building, TL328, University of Strathclyde (hybrid event). Link to recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pufOGgRoPrM. The event was attended by 26 attendees. • Indigenous Peoples, Traditional Knowledge, and Ocean-Climate Action led by the One Ocean Hub for the COP27 Virtual Ocean Pavilion, 10th November 2022.Event recording is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGLY0jwzllU&t=1432s This event was attended by 77 attendees. • Indigenous Knowledge, Community-based Art Practice and Inclusive Ocean Governance: A Case Study from Vanuatu (led by the Glasgow School of Art and the One Ocean Hub), 17 November 2022, a side event for the Moana Blue Pacific Pavilion at the COP27 Blue Zone, Egypt. Event recording is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQ-VvDVt5xM&t=1s. This event was attended by 16 attendees. • Ocean Climate Spotlights Talk at the Ocean Decade & OceanX Pavilion: an ocean solutions partnership! 10 December 2023, 14.00-15.00 (Dubai time), Ocean Decade + OceanX Pavilion, Blue Zone of COP28, Dubai. This event was attended by 12 attendees. Video/film outputs • Ocean & Women, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDCyjRznGEA. • Indigenous Peoples and the Ocean, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRzNMXiAz7I. • Ocean Connections: A Virtual Multimedia Exhibition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsavQOxyLFw&t=579s. • Ocean Connections Project Video, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-499UAZC3d0. • 45 minutes documentary film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQgti_t34PU • Short film 'Cocooned in Harmony', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WL1b7VNXfQ • Short film 'The nexus between Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage and Ocean Governance in Ghana', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opi9ejkLjT0&t=348s • Short film 'HURININ People of the Sea' - The Topnaar people's search for human rights and recognition, available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymyhjQ50M2A • Short film 'Mapping for justice', available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTr0ARgZfqs
Start Year 2020
 
Description Capacity Strengthening and Connecting Knowledge Systems in the Deep Sea 
Organisation Nelson Mandela University
Country South Africa 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The interdisciplinary framework of the One Ocean Hub has brought together within South Africa, for the first time, deep-sea scientists (South Africa National Biodiversity Institute, University of Plymouth), sociologists (Rhodes University and University of Cape Town), artists (Rhodes University), and expertise in knowledge systems, ethics, and benefit sharing (University of Cape Town), together with expertise in ethical innovation and knowledge production at the University of Strathclyde, UK. This interdisciplinary team seeks to address two critical challenges fundamental in underpinning fair and equitable access to and benefit from deep sea ecosystems: 1. Building capacity to undertake research in the deep sea in low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC) countries There are historical barriers to wider global participation in offshore research. This has impact on the ability of all nations to participate in evidence-based decision-making on deep-sea areas within their jurisdictions and beyond. Widening participation in deep-sea science has therefore become a significant goal of the Hub. While planned cruises and research have initially been delayed by COVID and eventually been canceled because of the ODA budget cuts, the planning of the cruise for two years had nonetheless allowed the emergence of a more considered approach to the design of deep-sea science capacity-strengthening programme that will benefit researchers in future opportunities for international collaboration. 2. Integrating knowledge systems and learning from multiple conceptions of the deep sea, for holistic ocean literacy Understanding and surfacing different ways of knowing the deep sea, as well as decolonising the science of the Deep Sea, are critical steps in addressing issues of inequity in representation and participation in deep-sea research (including with indigenous knowledge systems). Integrating different ways of knowing and understanding the deep sea has become a key interdisciplinary focus for the Hub, working towards ocean literacy outputs informed by both science and indigenous knowledge systems. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations listed below are part of the Hub's original application: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; University of Edinburgh, UK; University of Plymouth, UK. • partner organisation based in the Global South: South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa. The new partnership generated by this collaboration includes: • research organization based in the Global South: University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa • partner organisation based in the Global South: South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), South Africa
Collaborator Contribution University of Strathclyde, University of Plymouth and South Africa National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI): Understanding the barriers to deep-sea science and research in a LMIC context. The team undertook a survey of deep-sea and marine scientists on Access to Marine Subject Area Education and Research to understand the barriers to deep-sea research and how LMIC country researchers can be better supported and included. The survey yielded evidence that supports the Hub approach: training on the use of equipment and inclusion on research cruises will be most impactful (as opposed to data sharing agreements, which are also valued). In addition, a campaign around ocean literacy that increases knowledge and interest in deep-science research careers will create a pipeline of future scientists and a populace that invests in it. This has further informed the design of the Hub's capacity-strengthening programme for deep-sea research, and ocean literacy at all levels. This has resulted in a public report that will inform the Hub's contributions to the UN Decade of Ocean Science and policy advice to ocean funders. Follow-up research will connect the report findings with new research on the human right to science and on the relevance of cultural heritage for deep-sea research. The capacity strengthening programme led by SANBI and University of Plymouth, in partnership with the Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI), involves the design and delivery of a programme of training across key aspects and skill areas of deep-sea research, targeted to researchers and government scientists, including in conducting the first benthic survey in Namibia. Partnership in marine benthic mapping has been reported separately under 'Partnership for Marine Habitat Mapping in the South-East Atlantic'. This partnership has delivered training in deep-sea taxonomy and species distribution modelling to South African scientists and students, and developed a new global platform to support identification of deep-sea animals. It has also supported initial steps in the establishment of a national benthic invertebrate monitoring programme in Namibia in support of MSC certification of the important Namibian Hake fishery. This has involved knowledge sharing between neighbouring South Africa and Namibia as well as between North and South Atlantic basins. In addition, a new partnership between the University of Rhodes and the University of Plymouth has been established focused on biodiscovery. The partnership is also collating undergraduate training materials in marine science to make available in a usable package to educators in higher education institutions across South Africa. SANBI also leads on engagement with the South Africa Government in increasing capacity for knowledge-based decision making for the marine ecosystem. As active members of the Marine Spatial Planning Working Group of the South Africa Government, SANBI are well placed to connect Hub outputs with key actors, and support capacity strengthening for implementation. South Africa National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) SANBI led on a Flexible Fund project titled 'MzanSea: Revealing South Africa's Marine Ecosystems', which was implemented in 2021. MzanSea aims to foster ocean literacy and provide resources for educators, students and decision makers. The project is a direct response to the outcomes emerging from the Marine and Coastal Educators Network (MCEN) conference in early 2020, which was the realisation of the limited knowledge and resources on marine ecosystems in general and deep ocean ecosystems in particular within South Africa. Educators themselves were not able to connect to these ecosystems and therefore neither were their students. Additionally, despite South Africa having 12 official languages, as far as we are aware there are no ocean educational resources in languages other than English or Afrikaans, thereby failing to reach a large proportion of people in South Africa. There is therefore a need for educational resources regarding marine ecosystems in South Africa in multiple languages. SANBI will lead on the production of a suite of resources revealing 14 marine ecosystem types suitable for learners from children to decision makers. These resources will also be translated into at least 3 coastal languages (Xhosa, Zulu, Afrikaans). Through the One Ocean Hub, the deep-sea science team behind MzanSea, have partnered with colleagues from Rhodes University Environmental Learning Research Centre, to expand MzanSea to include other forms of knowledge. Bridging the fields of marine science and marine sociology/anthropology, the researchers are collaborating at the intersection of cultural heritage and scientific heritage in describing at least 9 of the 14 marine ecosystems of South Africa, through both perspectives. This collaboration seeks to highlight the alignment between indigenous and scientific knowledge. The collaboration began as an output of early cultural heritage research by the Rhodes team, which produced the Indlela yokuphila Empatheatre animation project which offers a digital storytelling experience through animation that tells the story of the soul's journey through the oceans in Zulu traditional ancestral belief. This will now be worked into the MzanSea outputs to form a holistic package of ocean literacy materials. The SANBI/Rhodes University collaboration has expanded to include also colleagues at the University of Cape Town, to explore the intersection of scientific and indigenous knowledge in the context of the deep sea more broadly. This team have formed the 'Deep Knowing' working group. In this collaboration, the University of Cape Town, through a PhD research project, is examining the epistemological interactions and practical implications of working with different knowledge systems, specifically "Science" and "Indigenous Knowledge Systems". The group will also examine specific ethical questions (linked to the One Ocean Hub code of practice) - around representation, participation and working with indigenous/contextual/embodied ways of knowing in the context of deep-sea science. The resulting MzanSea website and resources (including a children's activity book) have been launched in 2022 and received early international recognition by being included in the resources of a new e-learning course produced by the UN Environment programme for 13-15 years old youth on children's human right to a healthy environment. University of Cape Town research on fair marine biodiscovery also provides substantial contribution to the partnership. On August 3rd, 2021, the Bio-economy Research Chair at the University of Cape Town in partnership with the One Ocean Hub hosted a webinar on marine biodiscovery in South Africa to bring together scientists, regulators and policymakers to present and discuss findings relating to the equitable and sustainable use of marine genetic resources. This stems from research conducted by Dr Jessica Lavelle and Professor Rachel Wynberg which explored historical and current activities relating to marine biodiscovery, its governance and existing (dis)connections in law, science and policy. The intention of the research is to explore opportunities for harmonising science and policy to enable approaches for equitable and sustainable marine biodiscovery in South Africa. The collaboration between Rhodes University and University of Plymouth on biodiscovery which formed under the One Ocean Hub has led to a development of a new project 'Harnessing Natural Product Diversity to Combat Multidrug Resistance'. The project is funded by Newton Fund via UK Medical Research Council and South African Medical Research Council (July 2020-December 2023). This project is aimed to enable researchers to explore biodiverse rich habitats, deep oceans and polar environments for novel and natural compounds. It brings together scientists from the UK and South Africa, to establish an Antibiotic Accelerator Hub to significantly boost capacity for discovery of new antibiotics. As part of this project, Hub researcher from Rhodes University, Professor Rosemary Dorrington, will lead South African researchers to form the 'Natural product research network', alongside a UK research consortium led by Hub researcher at University of Plymouth, Professor Mathew Upton, with partners at the universities of Bristol, Leeds, St Andrews and Aberdeen. It is hoped that this collaboration will not only benefit healthcare globally but will also support the bio-economies of both South Africa and the UK, ensuring fair and equitable sharing of the benefits of any new drugs arising from the research with communities in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). The £1.9 million funding also includes £1.9 million includes £412,000 funding for a seed project, which will explore the diversity of antimicrobial peptides in South Africa to identify potential new antibiotics (See: https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/news/uk-nil-south-africa-research-team-to-establish-hub-for-discovery-of-new-antibiotics). As part of capacity strengthening, researchers from the University of Edinburgh contribute in expanding knowledge of offshore biodiversity by conducting research on cold-water coral reef growth and loss in a changing ocean through the development of online training, teaching and learning resources, video, and on-site training. The aim of the research is to predict future integrity of key deep-sea habitats (cold-water corals) and provide data also on cold-water coral reef growth and loss to inform the taxonomic atlas and ecosystem mapping. This collaboration has achieved demonstrable policy impacts. In June 2022, the Hub's deep-sea research ("One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4") was endorsed as an official Decade Action under the UN Ocean Science Decade's Challenger 150 programme. This is a collaboration between the University of Strathclyde, the University of Plymouth, the University of Namibia, SANBI and NMU. Under the Challenger 150 Programme, Hub researchers have supported deep-sea capacity development efforts through the establishment of a UN Decade African Network of Deep-water Researchers (for detailed information read also collaboration titled "MARINE HABITAT MAPPING IN THE SOUTH-EAST ATLANTIC"). Established in 2023 and led by Hub early-career researcher Dr Kirsty McQuaid (SANBI, South Africa and the University of Plymouth, UK), the African Network of Deep-water Researchers aims to connect researchers, skills, infrastructure and resources within Africa, and with a global community of deep-water researchers, to build on the continent's capacity for deep-water research in support of sustainable development. Open to African nationals globally and individuals in African institutions, the Network encompasses all disciplines related to deep-water (beyond 30m depth, excluding scuba diving) and is open to all sectors. To date, the Network comprises over 250 members from 27 African nations, representing over 140 institutions. 76% of members are self-identified Early Career Researchers (<10 years professional experience, following the global UN ECOP Programme). Although still in a development phase, key activities are anticipated to emphasise training, project development, knowledge exchange, and research initiatives. As a first step, the Network initiated a workshop series identifying practical actions to advance deep-water research and establish a framework for future activities (https://oneoceanhub.org/new-network-of-deep-water-researchers-aims-to-build-africas-capacity-for-deep-water-research/). In October 2023, the Hub has been endorsed as a UN Ocean Decade Implementing Partner, focusing on transdisciplinary research. Hub researchers at the University of Plymouth will present findings, experience and practices of the Hub deep-sea research at the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona, Spain in April 2024 as part of a satellite event titled "Deepening the Decade" to be held at the Banquet Hall of the Conference, Paris, France in April 2024 in collaboration with Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI) (see also a separate entry titled "Contributing to the UN Decade for Ocean Science"). As part of the efforts to strengthen deep-sea capacity building in Africa, in February 2023, Hub researcher Dr Kerry Sink (South Africa National Biodiversity Institute) and a team of marine scientists in South Africa embarked on a multi-institutional and multi-disciplinary offshore expedition to enhance the capacity of young southern African scientists and to collect data in outer shelf and deep-sea habitats. The cruise was funded by the Hub (https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-supported-deep-sea-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/). The main aim of the cruise was to develop the capacity of a team of young researchers who can work together to solve the challenges of offshore research and management. Research goals include the use of cutting-edge genetic research to detect environmental DNA of threatened species, exploring patterns in invertebrate and fish biodiversity with increasing depth and work to understand the drivers of these patterns in the dynamic high current environment of the Amathole Offshore Protected Area. The project also included innovative, social and cultural aspects that recognise the deep human connections with the ocean and the team are working on understanding the use of marine species in medicine and ritual practices, including the identification and mapping of Culturally Significant Areas in the coastal and ocean environment. The cruise was funded by the One Ocean Hub and it is an initiative of the Capacity Strengthening component of the Hub. In 2022, Hub researchers together with collaborators undertook a study to understand the challenges and solutions to develop capacity for deep-sea research and management in South Africa. One of the recommendations was to hold dedicated in-country expeditions using available or locally developed technology under local conditions. This can provide relevant opportunities for more researchers and is a valuable addition to the more common approach where one or two scientists are able to participate in an international expedition with equipment that is usually not available in-country. The research gear included a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV), deep-sea landers and oceanographic instruments. The ROV captures video and images and can collect biological samples using a manipulator arm. Researchers explored underwater caves and canyons and hope to find the elusive coelacanth which was first trawled off East London in South Africa in 1938 but since then has only been seen much further north of Pumula and Sodwana Bay in KwaZulu-Natal and in other countries in East Africa. Landers are remote underwater video stations that are baited and allow scientists to record fish, sharks and other deep-sea creatures attracted to the bait. Ten students from seven different universities and institutes participated in the cruise facilitated by the South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) and the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). This included the University of KwaZululu Natal, Rhodes University, Nelson Mandela University, and the University of Cape Town. Oceanography sediment and biodiversity data were collected to contribute to three Ph.D. studies and two Master's theses with additional collaborative publications spanning multiple disciplines underway by the group. The team relied on standard and new technology for ocean sampling using remote visual tools to obtain imagery of the seabed, Conductivity-Temperature-Depth profilers (CTDs) to measure changes in ocean variables with depth and conducted surveys of marine species used in medicine and ritual in East London. Technician JJ Forgus developed skills in collecting specimens from the depth using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) with a claw that can be used for targeted specimen samplings. SANBI emerging researcher gained experience as a Chief Scientist, a rare opportunity for a young scientist. The Hub's deep-sea capacity strengthening partnerships has also brought positive environmental impacts. The deep-sea cruise conducted in 2023, for example, involved the use of 29 remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives conducted by the team, two of these presented an opportunity for invertebrate samples to be collected, whilst some excellent footage of never-before-seen habitats, including deep-water canyons, sticky mud habitats, as well as creatures rarely witnessed in situ collected during the remaining dives (https://oneoceanhub.org/dedicated-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/). Two dredges and 18 sediment samples were achieved to gather invertebrate samples to be used in the Foundational Biodiversity Information Programme's (FBIP) SeaMap project recently awarded to the Egagasini Node of the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON). This project is aimed at developing South Africa's marine invertebrate DNA barcode catalogue and will also produce the country's first data-driven ecosystem map using species records from visual surveys. A total of ten deepsea lander deployments were accomplished, establishing the record for the deepest lander dive in South Africa thus far at a depth of 1036 meters. Pressures at these depths exceed 100 times those experienced at the surface, so not only are the creatures adapted to these conditions truly something to behold, but it is also testimony to the progress made in maritime engineering. Those involved in this enterprise made great strides in bringing Africa to the forefront of what is possible with deep-sea exploration. The expedition, which spanned 157 hours at sea, covered a total of 901 nautical miles. This collaboration has also brought positive social impacts. The Hub's researchers are investing in science communication and ocean literacy- a sharing of diverse sets of knowledge across knowledge types and knowledge holders including disciplines, groups and generations. Building ocean literacy is an ongoing process; one that will continue over the course of each scientist's journey, as the ocean and social systems we seek to protect are ever-changing. That is why a dynamic, integrated, and collaborative approach is needed for the sustainable and equitable management of our oceans. The capacity development and transdisciplinary components of the deep-sea expedition and the MzanSea ocean literacy project for example, sought to overcome the old narrative of separate sciences, to draw from the diverse pool of expertise created by the multiplicity of team members, so that learning could be facilitated, which better serves society and our seas. The deep-sea expedition conducted in 2023 contributed to the identification and mapping of Culturally Significant Areas in the coastal and ocean environment of South Africa. All the events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration - as outlined in the "outcomes section" - were attended by a total of 102,744 persons. The capacity strengthening collaboration under the Hub also has strengthened gender equality and inclusivity. All the Hub's capacity strengthening sessions were attended by predominantly women audience. On average over 60 per cent of participants in these evens were women. This speaks to the interests of women in this field and the need for capacity building for women. The co-directors of the Hub's deep-sea research programme, Prof Kerry Howell (University of Plymouth, UK) and Dr Kerry Sink (SANBI, South Africa) are female scientists. Around 50 per cent of Hub researchers involved in deep-sea research are female from different career stages, senior academics and early career researchers. The impact of this collaboration in strengthening gender equality and inclusivity is evident from the leadership of Dr Kirsty McQuaid in establishing the African Network of Deep-water Researchers and Safiyya Sedick who played a crucial role as the coordinating officer for the Hub funded deep-sea cruise in 2023.
Impact Further Funding: The SANBI/Rhodes collaboration which formed under the One Ocean Hub has led to a successful new project, funded by the South African National Research Foundation, titled 'Deep Connections'. Deep Connections is a 3-year project which will start in 2021 (see Further Funding). The Deep Connections project is a multi-disciplinary project that aims to build knowledge about offshore marine connectivity for inclusion in spatial assessment and prioritisation. This will be achieved by investigating genetic, species and ecosystem levels of biodiversity together with targeted geoscience and oceanographic research and innovative socio-cultural learning and knowledge co-production. This project builds on the transdisciplinary team working on related aspects through the One Ocean Hub and strives to help address current capacity shortfalls and gaps in spatial assessment and planning. The collaboration between Rhodes University and the University of Plymouth on biodiscovery has led to a new international research collaboration to discover and accelerate the development of new antibiotics namely 'Harnessing Natural Product Diversity to Combat Multidrug Resistance' which started in July 2020 and is scheduled to be finalised in September 2024 following no-cost extension for the project (see Further Funding) https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/news/uk-nil-south-africa-research-team-to-establish-hub-for-discovery-of-new-antibiotics Publications: • Howell, K; Hilrio, A; Allcock, L; Bailey, D; Baker, M; Clark, MR; Colaco, A;Copley, J; Cordes, E; Danovaro, R; Dissanayake, A; Escobar, E; Esquete, P; Gallagher, A; Gates, A; Gaudron, SM; German CR; Gjerde, KM; Higgs, ND; Le Bris, N; Levin, L; Manea, E; McClain, C; Menot, L; Mestre, N; Metaxas, A; Milligan R; Muthumbi, A; Narayanaswamy, B; Ramalho, S; Ramirez-Llodra, E; Robson, L; Rogers, A; Sellanes, J; Sigwart, J; Sink, K; Snelgrove, P.V.R; Stefanoudis, P; Sumida, P; Taylor, M; Thurber, A; Vieira R; Watanabe, HK; Woodall, L; Xavier, J. (2020). A decade to study deep-sea life. Nature Ecology & Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01352-5. • Howell K.L., Hilário A, Allcock, AL, Bailey DM., Baker M, Clark MR., Colaço A, C Jon, Cordes E E., Danovaro R, Dissanayake A, Escobar E, Esquete P, Gallagher AJ., Gates AR., Gaudron SM., German CR., Gjerde KM., Higgs ND., Le Bris N, Levin LA., Manea E, McClain C, Menot L, Mestre NC., Metaxas A, Milligan RJ., Muthumbi AWN., Narayanaswamy BE., Ramalho SP., Ramirez-Llodra E, Robson LM., Rogers AD., Sellanes J, Sigwart JD., Sink K, Snelgrove PV, Stefanoudis PV., Sumida PY., Taylor ML., Thurber AR., Vieira RP., Watanabe HK., Woodall LC., Xavier JR. (2020). A Blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea Ocean Decade Field Program. Frontiers in Marine Science https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861 • Worm, B; Elliff C; Fonseca JG; Gell FR; Gon'alves ACS; Helder N; Murray K; Peckham H; Prelovec L; Sink K. Making Ocean Literacy Inclusive and Accessible. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics https://doi.org/10.3354/esep00196 • Wynberg, R; Grorud-Colvert, K; Thambisetty, S; Bandarra, N.M; Can?rio, A.V.M; da Silva, J; Duarte, C.M; Jaspars, M; Rogers, A; Sink, K; Wabnitz, C.C.C. (2020). The ocean genome and future prospects for conservation and equity. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0522-9. • Morgera, E. (2018-19). "Fair and equitable benefit-sharing in a new international instrument on marine biodiversity: A principled approach towards partnership building?" 5 Maritime Safety and Security Law Journal 48-7. https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3234346 • Morgera E. (2020). Biodiversity as a Human Right and Its Implications for the EU as External Actor, published by European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/603491/EXPO_STU(2020)603491_EN.pdf • Morgera, E (2021) "The Relevance of the Human Right to Science for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: A New Legally Binding Instrument to Support Co-Production of Ocean Knowledge across Scales" in Vito De Lucia, Lan Nguyen and Alex G. Oude Elferink (eds), International Law and Marine Areas beyond National Jurisdiction: Current Status and Future Trends (Brill, Forthcoming). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3870399 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3870399 • Morgera E, McQuaid K, La Bianca G, Niner H, Shannon L, Strand M, Rees S, Howell K, Snow B, Lancaster AMSN & Sauer W. 2023. Addressing the Ocean-Climate Nexus in the BBNJ Agreement: Strategic Environmental Assessments, Human Rights and Equity in Ocean Science. The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38: 1-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10139. • Harden-Davies H, Amon DJ, Vierros M, Bax NJ, Hanich Q, Hills JM, Guilhon M, McQuaid KA, Mohammed E, Pouponneau A, Seto KL, Sink K, Talma S & Woodall L. 2022. Capacity development in the Ocean Decade and beyond: Key questions about meanings, motivations, pathways, and measurements. Earth System Governance 12: 100138. DOI: 10.1016/j.esg.2022.100138. Policy Brief How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/ Artistic product - DiepRespek: Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems film/video. Available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6kdnR2eXmgDiepRespek video was featured in a blog of the South Africa Deep-Sea Trawling Industry Association, which noted that the video was "spreading quickly among fishing crews working in South Africa's trawl fishery for hake.": https://www.sadstia.co.za/news/dieprespek-shines-a-fresh-light-on-vulnerable-marine-ecosystems/ - "The Indlela Yokuphila (the Soul Journey)." Available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNm-Yf8Dt10. The short film "Indlela Yokuphila" meaning "the Soul's journey" in Zulu was researched and narrated by Mpume Mthombeni (Empatheatre) and directed by Marc Moynihan (Shells & Spells) and Dr. Dylan McGarry (Empatheatre/Rhodes University), the film aims to make intangible ocean heritages more tangible in governance and education through animation and public dialogue, and return the sacred to our conversations around ocean wellbeing. Short films: - "From the bottom of the sea to the laboratory," available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPJ7935sOd0&t=12s - "Understanding the deep sea" short film, available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wUSOYfPOdDI. Blogposts: Baker M, Ramirez-Llodra E and Tyler P. (2020). "Natural Capital and Exploitation of the Deep Ocean." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/natural-capital-and-exploitation-of-the-deep-ocean/ Febrica S. (2021). "One Ocean Hub holds a "Deep-sea life summit"". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-one-ocean-hub-holds-a-deep-sea-life-summit/ Febrica S. (2020). "Calling for An Integrated Framework to Manage the High Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/calling-for-an-integrated-framework-to-manage-the-high-seas/ One Ocean Hub. (2021). MzanSea - Launcing an innovative ocean literacy website and children's activity book. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/MzanSea-an-innovative-ocean-literacy-project-launches-a-website-and-a-childrens-activity-book/ Lavelle J. (2021). "Towards a community of practice for equitable and sustainable marine biodiversity in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-a-community-of-practice-for-equitable-and-sustainable-marine-biodiscovery-in-south-africa/ Lavelle J. (2021). "New study on inclusive and equitable research and innovation in marine biodiscovery." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-study-on-inclusive-and-equitable-research-and-innovation-in-marine-biodiscovery/ Niner H and McQuaid K. (2021). "Defining the environmental impact assessment process for deep-sea mining." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/defining-the-environmental-impact-assessment-process-for-deep-sea-mining/ One Ocean Hub. (2020). "Focus on: Deep Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/focus-on-deep-sea/ One Ocean Hub. (2020). "Researchers' Contribution to the international negotiations on Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction Negotiation." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction-negotiation/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "New network of deep-water researchers aims to build Africa's capacity for deep-water research." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-network-of-deep-water-researchers-aims-to-build-africas-capacity-for-deep-water-research/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Deepening offshore research capacity in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-supported-deep-sea-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/ Wynberg R, Dorrington R, Upton M and Sink K. (2020). "Biodiscovery: Exploring the Science-Policy Interface in the One Ocean Hub." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/biodiscovery-exploring-the-science-policy-interface-in-the-one-ocean-hub/ One Ocean Hub. (2021). Challenges and solutions for deep-sea research and management in South Africa. Available from: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/ Website of MzanSea: https://MzanSea.org/ Report: Sink KJ, McQuaid K, Atkinson LJ, Palmer RM, Van der Heever G, Majiedt PA, Dunga LV, Currie JC, Adams R, Wahome M, Howell K & AW Patterson. 2021. Challenges and Solutions to develop capacity for Deep-sea Research and Management in South Africa. South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa, 35pp. Available: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/. Outcomes This partnership is working towards the specific outcome of increased research capacity in deep-sea knowledge, techniques and data (SDG 14A). Towards this outcome, the partnership has began a programme of deep-sea research methods training. They delivered training in benthic biodiversity data collection to 15 researchers and government scientists from both South Africa and Namibia in collaboration with the DOSI-Project. This has led to further collaboration to develop new Namibian Deep-Sea Benthic Collections with representatives of Namibia Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources in 2021 to now. Events carried out in 2021-2024. SANBI have participated and presented in all meetings of the South Africa Marine Spatial Planning Working Group. In addition, this working group benefitted from the new interdisciplinary connections developed under the One Ocean Hub: interdisciplinary input from the One Ocean Hub team was provided at an information session on "Marine spatial biodiversity priorities as an input into marine spatial planning", which took place on 22 October 2020, hosted by Biodiversity & Coastal Research Department of Environmental Affairs, Forestry and Fisheries (DEFF): Oceans and Coasts, South Africa Government. As an outcome of this meeting, members of the technical team of planners who inform environmental priorities in marine spatial planning have requested a follow-up meeting with Hub researchers to discuss key issues raised in 2021. The MzanSea team have presented to the Marine and Coastal Educators Network and are in discussion with members of this network from the three South Africa aquariums on the implementation of the MzanSea products. In December 2021, a new website of the MzanSea (see: https://MzanSea.org/) was launched. The MzanSea team also developed a children's activity book and a set of fact sheets. The MzanSea products also include elements about why and how to care for ocean ecosystems and also profiles young marine scientists studying different ecosystem types. The Indlela Yokuphila animation project was launched during the UN World Oceans Day in June 2023. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNm-Yf8Dt10). This event was attended by 34 attendees. It was already showcased at the following events: - "Indlela yokuphila (the path of life)," the UN World Ocean Week in June 2020 (here: https://bit.ly/3HXx2K1). This event was attended by 72 attendees. - "Climate-related conflict: arts-based mediation and recourse to redress," the One Ocean Hub joint side event with the Green Climate Fund in November 2021 for Climate COP26. This event was attended by 26 attendees (here: https://bit.ly/3i0MYk9). - "Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa," the UN World Oceans Day side-event with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance and the UNDOALOS on 9 June 2023 (here: https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-short-film-indlela-yokuphila-the-souls-journey-at-the-united-nations-world-ocean-week/). This event was attended by 26 attendees. - Mpume Mthombeni's talk at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration, 9 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs"the official UN World Oceans Day celebration at the UN Headquarters in New York (here: https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2-uSE26tnU&t=63s ). The event was attended by 350 in-person attendees and 102,000 online attendees, reaching 110 UN member states. This collaboration has also contributed in co-organising three webinars for the UN World Oceans Day 2020-2021. • Studying the Sea - Accessing Ocean Research Career: https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=Arwc_wTwsJ4. This event was attended by 76 attendees. ? "Inclusive Ocean Conservation: Innovations in Marine Spatial Planning," organized for the UN World Oceans Day 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mP4LU8_4KK8&t=2s. This event was attended by 29 persons. ? "Wonders of the Deep", organized for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvUJvqPB6is. This event was attended by 131 attendees. Disciplines involved in this collaboration: deep-sea science, sociology, anthropology, arts.
Start Year 2020
 
Description Capacity Strengthening and Connecting Knowledge Systems in the Deep Sea 
Organisation Rhodes University
Department Environmental Learning Research Centre (ELRC)
Country South Africa 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The interdisciplinary framework of the One Ocean Hub has brought together within South Africa, for the first time, deep-sea scientists (South Africa National Biodiversity Institute, University of Plymouth), sociologists (Rhodes University and University of Cape Town), artists (Rhodes University), and expertise in knowledge systems, ethics, and benefit sharing (University of Cape Town), together with expertise in ethical innovation and knowledge production at the University of Strathclyde, UK. This interdisciplinary team seeks to address two critical challenges fundamental in underpinning fair and equitable access to and benefit from deep sea ecosystems: 1. Building capacity to undertake research in the deep sea in low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC) countries There are historical barriers to wider global participation in offshore research. This has impact on the ability of all nations to participate in evidence-based decision-making on deep-sea areas within their jurisdictions and beyond. Widening participation in deep-sea science has therefore become a significant goal of the Hub. While planned cruises and research have initially been delayed by COVID and eventually been canceled because of the ODA budget cuts, the planning of the cruise for two years had nonetheless allowed the emergence of a more considered approach to the design of deep-sea science capacity-strengthening programme that will benefit researchers in future opportunities for international collaboration. 2. Integrating knowledge systems and learning from multiple conceptions of the deep sea, for holistic ocean literacy Understanding and surfacing different ways of knowing the deep sea, as well as decolonising the science of the Deep Sea, are critical steps in addressing issues of inequity in representation and participation in deep-sea research (including with indigenous knowledge systems). Integrating different ways of knowing and understanding the deep sea has become a key interdisciplinary focus for the Hub, working towards ocean literacy outputs informed by both science and indigenous knowledge systems. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations listed below are part of the Hub's original application: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; University of Edinburgh, UK; University of Plymouth, UK. • partner organisation based in the Global South: South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa. The new partnership generated by this collaboration includes: • research organization based in the Global South: University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa • partner organisation based in the Global South: South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), South Africa
Collaborator Contribution University of Strathclyde, University of Plymouth and South Africa National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI): Understanding the barriers to deep-sea science and research in a LMIC context. The team undertook a survey of deep-sea and marine scientists on Access to Marine Subject Area Education and Research to understand the barriers to deep-sea research and how LMIC country researchers can be better supported and included. The survey yielded evidence that supports the Hub approach: training on the use of equipment and inclusion on research cruises will be most impactful (as opposed to data sharing agreements, which are also valued). In addition, a campaign around ocean literacy that increases knowledge and interest in deep-science research careers will create a pipeline of future scientists and a populace that invests in it. This has further informed the design of the Hub's capacity-strengthening programme for deep-sea research, and ocean literacy at all levels. This has resulted in a public report that will inform the Hub's contributions to the UN Decade of Ocean Science and policy advice to ocean funders. Follow-up research will connect the report findings with new research on the human right to science and on the relevance of cultural heritage for deep-sea research. The capacity strengthening programme led by SANBI and University of Plymouth, in partnership with the Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI), involves the design and delivery of a programme of training across key aspects and skill areas of deep-sea research, targeted to researchers and government scientists, including in conducting the first benthic survey in Namibia. Partnership in marine benthic mapping has been reported separately under 'Partnership for Marine Habitat Mapping in the South-East Atlantic'. This partnership has delivered training in deep-sea taxonomy and species distribution modelling to South African scientists and students, and developed a new global platform to support identification of deep-sea animals. It has also supported initial steps in the establishment of a national benthic invertebrate monitoring programme in Namibia in support of MSC certification of the important Namibian Hake fishery. This has involved knowledge sharing between neighbouring South Africa and Namibia as well as between North and South Atlantic basins. In addition, a new partnership between the University of Rhodes and the University of Plymouth has been established focused on biodiscovery. The partnership is also collating undergraduate training materials in marine science to make available in a usable package to educators in higher education institutions across South Africa. SANBI also leads on engagement with the South Africa Government in increasing capacity for knowledge-based decision making for the marine ecosystem. As active members of the Marine Spatial Planning Working Group of the South Africa Government, SANBI are well placed to connect Hub outputs with key actors, and support capacity strengthening for implementation. South Africa National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) SANBI led on a Flexible Fund project titled 'MzanSea: Revealing South Africa's Marine Ecosystems', which was implemented in 2021. MzanSea aims to foster ocean literacy and provide resources for educators, students and decision makers. The project is a direct response to the outcomes emerging from the Marine and Coastal Educators Network (MCEN) conference in early 2020, which was the realisation of the limited knowledge and resources on marine ecosystems in general and deep ocean ecosystems in particular within South Africa. Educators themselves were not able to connect to these ecosystems and therefore neither were their students. Additionally, despite South Africa having 12 official languages, as far as we are aware there are no ocean educational resources in languages other than English or Afrikaans, thereby failing to reach a large proportion of people in South Africa. There is therefore a need for educational resources regarding marine ecosystems in South Africa in multiple languages. SANBI will lead on the production of a suite of resources revealing 14 marine ecosystem types suitable for learners from children to decision makers. These resources will also be translated into at least 3 coastal languages (Xhosa, Zulu, Afrikaans). Through the One Ocean Hub, the deep-sea science team behind MzanSea, have partnered with colleagues from Rhodes University Environmental Learning Research Centre, to expand MzanSea to include other forms of knowledge. Bridging the fields of marine science and marine sociology/anthropology, the researchers are collaborating at the intersection of cultural heritage and scientific heritage in describing at least 9 of the 14 marine ecosystems of South Africa, through both perspectives. This collaboration seeks to highlight the alignment between indigenous and scientific knowledge. The collaboration began as an output of early cultural heritage research by the Rhodes team, which produced the Indlela yokuphila Empatheatre animation project which offers a digital storytelling experience through animation that tells the story of the soul's journey through the oceans in Zulu traditional ancestral belief. This will now be worked into the MzanSea outputs to form a holistic package of ocean literacy materials. The SANBI/Rhodes University collaboration has expanded to include also colleagues at the University of Cape Town, to explore the intersection of scientific and indigenous knowledge in the context of the deep sea more broadly. This team have formed the 'Deep Knowing' working group. In this collaboration, the University of Cape Town, through a PhD research project, is examining the epistemological interactions and practical implications of working with different knowledge systems, specifically "Science" and "Indigenous Knowledge Systems". The group will also examine specific ethical questions (linked to the One Ocean Hub code of practice) - around representation, participation and working with indigenous/contextual/embodied ways of knowing in the context of deep-sea science. The resulting MzanSea website and resources (including a children's activity book) have been launched in 2022 and received early international recognition by being included in the resources of a new e-learning course produced by the UN Environment programme for 13-15 years old youth on children's human right to a healthy environment. University of Cape Town research on fair marine biodiscovery also provides substantial contribution to the partnership. On August 3rd, 2021, the Bio-economy Research Chair at the University of Cape Town in partnership with the One Ocean Hub hosted a webinar on marine biodiscovery in South Africa to bring together scientists, regulators and policymakers to present and discuss findings relating to the equitable and sustainable use of marine genetic resources. This stems from research conducted by Dr Jessica Lavelle and Professor Rachel Wynberg which explored historical and current activities relating to marine biodiscovery, its governance and existing (dis)connections in law, science and policy. The intention of the research is to explore opportunities for harmonising science and policy to enable approaches for equitable and sustainable marine biodiscovery in South Africa. The collaboration between Rhodes University and University of Plymouth on biodiscovery which formed under the One Ocean Hub has led to a development of a new project 'Harnessing Natural Product Diversity to Combat Multidrug Resistance'. The project is funded by Newton Fund via UK Medical Research Council and South African Medical Research Council (July 2020-December 2023). This project is aimed to enable researchers to explore biodiverse rich habitats, deep oceans and polar environments for novel and natural compounds. It brings together scientists from the UK and South Africa, to establish an Antibiotic Accelerator Hub to significantly boost capacity for discovery of new antibiotics. As part of this project, Hub researcher from Rhodes University, Professor Rosemary Dorrington, will lead South African researchers to form the 'Natural product research network', alongside a UK research consortium led by Hub researcher at University of Plymouth, Professor Mathew Upton, with partners at the universities of Bristol, Leeds, St Andrews and Aberdeen. It is hoped that this collaboration will not only benefit healthcare globally but will also support the bio-economies of both South Africa and the UK, ensuring fair and equitable sharing of the benefits of any new drugs arising from the research with communities in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). The £1.9 million funding also includes £1.9 million includes £412,000 funding for a seed project, which will explore the diversity of antimicrobial peptides in South Africa to identify potential new antibiotics (See: https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/news/uk-nil-south-africa-research-team-to-establish-hub-for-discovery-of-new-antibiotics). As part of capacity strengthening, researchers from the University of Edinburgh contribute in expanding knowledge of offshore biodiversity by conducting research on cold-water coral reef growth and loss in a changing ocean through the development of online training, teaching and learning resources, video, and on-site training. The aim of the research is to predict future integrity of key deep-sea habitats (cold-water corals) and provide data also on cold-water coral reef growth and loss to inform the taxonomic atlas and ecosystem mapping. This collaboration has achieved demonstrable policy impacts. In June 2022, the Hub's deep-sea research ("One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4") was endorsed as an official Decade Action under the UN Ocean Science Decade's Challenger 150 programme. This is a collaboration between the University of Strathclyde, the University of Plymouth, the University of Namibia, SANBI and NMU. Under the Challenger 150 Programme, Hub researchers have supported deep-sea capacity development efforts through the establishment of a UN Decade African Network of Deep-water Researchers (for detailed information read also collaboration titled "MARINE HABITAT MAPPING IN THE SOUTH-EAST ATLANTIC"). Established in 2023 and led by Hub early-career researcher Dr Kirsty McQuaid (SANBI, South Africa and the University of Plymouth, UK), the African Network of Deep-water Researchers aims to connect researchers, skills, infrastructure and resources within Africa, and with a global community of deep-water researchers, to build on the continent's capacity for deep-water research in support of sustainable development. Open to African nationals globally and individuals in African institutions, the Network encompasses all disciplines related to deep-water (beyond 30m depth, excluding scuba diving) and is open to all sectors. To date, the Network comprises over 250 members from 27 African nations, representing over 140 institutions. 76% of members are self-identified Early Career Researchers (<10 years professional experience, following the global UN ECOP Programme). Although still in a development phase, key activities are anticipated to emphasise training, project development, knowledge exchange, and research initiatives. As a first step, the Network initiated a workshop series identifying practical actions to advance deep-water research and establish a framework for future activities (https://oneoceanhub.org/new-network-of-deep-water-researchers-aims-to-build-africas-capacity-for-deep-water-research/). In October 2023, the Hub has been endorsed as a UN Ocean Decade Implementing Partner, focusing on transdisciplinary research. Hub researchers at the University of Plymouth will present findings, experience and practices of the Hub deep-sea research at the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona, Spain in April 2024 as part of a satellite event titled "Deepening the Decade" to be held at the Banquet Hall of the Conference, Paris, France in April 2024 in collaboration with Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI) (see also a separate entry titled "Contributing to the UN Decade for Ocean Science"). As part of the efforts to strengthen deep-sea capacity building in Africa, in February 2023, Hub researcher Dr Kerry Sink (South Africa National Biodiversity Institute) and a team of marine scientists in South Africa embarked on a multi-institutional and multi-disciplinary offshore expedition to enhance the capacity of young southern African scientists and to collect data in outer shelf and deep-sea habitats. The cruise was funded by the Hub (https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-supported-deep-sea-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/). The main aim of the cruise was to develop the capacity of a team of young researchers who can work together to solve the challenges of offshore research and management. Research goals include the use of cutting-edge genetic research to detect environmental DNA of threatened species, exploring patterns in invertebrate and fish biodiversity with increasing depth and work to understand the drivers of these patterns in the dynamic high current environment of the Amathole Offshore Protected Area. The project also included innovative, social and cultural aspects that recognise the deep human connections with the ocean and the team are working on understanding the use of marine species in medicine and ritual practices, including the identification and mapping of Culturally Significant Areas in the coastal and ocean environment. The cruise was funded by the One Ocean Hub and it is an initiative of the Capacity Strengthening component of the Hub. In 2022, Hub researchers together with collaborators undertook a study to understand the challenges and solutions to develop capacity for deep-sea research and management in South Africa. One of the recommendations was to hold dedicated in-country expeditions using available or locally developed technology under local conditions. This can provide relevant opportunities for more researchers and is a valuable addition to the more common approach where one or two scientists are able to participate in an international expedition with equipment that is usually not available in-country. The research gear included a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV), deep-sea landers and oceanographic instruments. The ROV captures video and images and can collect biological samples using a manipulator arm. Researchers explored underwater caves and canyons and hope to find the elusive coelacanth which was first trawled off East London in South Africa in 1938 but since then has only been seen much further north of Pumula and Sodwana Bay in KwaZulu-Natal and in other countries in East Africa. Landers are remote underwater video stations that are baited and allow scientists to record fish, sharks and other deep-sea creatures attracted to the bait. Ten students from seven different universities and institutes participated in the cruise facilitated by the South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) and the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). This included the University of KwaZululu Natal, Rhodes University, Nelson Mandela University, and the University of Cape Town. Oceanography sediment and biodiversity data were collected to contribute to three Ph.D. studies and two Master's theses with additional collaborative publications spanning multiple disciplines underway by the group. The team relied on standard and new technology for ocean sampling using remote visual tools to obtain imagery of the seabed, Conductivity-Temperature-Depth profilers (CTDs) to measure changes in ocean variables with depth and conducted surveys of marine species used in medicine and ritual in East London. Technician JJ Forgus developed skills in collecting specimens from the depth using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) with a claw that can be used for targeted specimen samplings. SANBI emerging researcher gained experience as a Chief Scientist, a rare opportunity for a young scientist. The Hub's deep-sea capacity strengthening partnerships has also brought positive environmental impacts. The deep-sea cruise conducted in 2023, for example, involved the use of 29 remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives conducted by the team, two of these presented an opportunity for invertebrate samples to be collected, whilst some excellent footage of never-before-seen habitats, including deep-water canyons, sticky mud habitats, as well as creatures rarely witnessed in situ collected during the remaining dives (https://oneoceanhub.org/dedicated-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/). Two dredges and 18 sediment samples were achieved to gather invertebrate samples to be used in the Foundational Biodiversity Information Programme's (FBIP) SeaMap project recently awarded to the Egagasini Node of the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON). This project is aimed at developing South Africa's marine invertebrate DNA barcode catalogue and will also produce the country's first data-driven ecosystem map using species records from visual surveys. A total of ten deepsea lander deployments were accomplished, establishing the record for the deepest lander dive in South Africa thus far at a depth of 1036 meters. Pressures at these depths exceed 100 times those experienced at the surface, so not only are the creatures adapted to these conditions truly something to behold, but it is also testimony to the progress made in maritime engineering. Those involved in this enterprise made great strides in bringing Africa to the forefront of what is possible with deep-sea exploration. The expedition, which spanned 157 hours at sea, covered a total of 901 nautical miles. This collaboration has also brought positive social impacts. The Hub's researchers are investing in science communication and ocean literacy- a sharing of diverse sets of knowledge across knowledge types and knowledge holders including disciplines, groups and generations. Building ocean literacy is an ongoing process; one that will continue over the course of each scientist's journey, as the ocean and social systems we seek to protect are ever-changing. That is why a dynamic, integrated, and collaborative approach is needed for the sustainable and equitable management of our oceans. The capacity development and transdisciplinary components of the deep-sea expedition and the MzanSea ocean literacy project for example, sought to overcome the old narrative of separate sciences, to draw from the diverse pool of expertise created by the multiplicity of team members, so that learning could be facilitated, which better serves society and our seas. The deep-sea expedition conducted in 2023 contributed to the identification and mapping of Culturally Significant Areas in the coastal and ocean environment of South Africa. All the events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration - as outlined in the "outcomes section" - were attended by a total of 102,744 persons. The capacity strengthening collaboration under the Hub also has strengthened gender equality and inclusivity. All the Hub's capacity strengthening sessions were attended by predominantly women audience. On average over 60 per cent of participants in these evens were women. This speaks to the interests of women in this field and the need for capacity building for women. The co-directors of the Hub's deep-sea research programme, Prof Kerry Howell (University of Plymouth, UK) and Dr Kerry Sink (SANBI, South Africa) are female scientists. Around 50 per cent of Hub researchers involved in deep-sea research are female from different career stages, senior academics and early career researchers. The impact of this collaboration in strengthening gender equality and inclusivity is evident from the leadership of Dr Kirsty McQuaid in establishing the African Network of Deep-water Researchers and Safiyya Sedick who played a crucial role as the coordinating officer for the Hub funded deep-sea cruise in 2023.
Impact Further Funding: The SANBI/Rhodes collaboration which formed under the One Ocean Hub has led to a successful new project, funded by the South African National Research Foundation, titled 'Deep Connections'. Deep Connections is a 3-year project which will start in 2021 (see Further Funding). The Deep Connections project is a multi-disciplinary project that aims to build knowledge about offshore marine connectivity for inclusion in spatial assessment and prioritisation. This will be achieved by investigating genetic, species and ecosystem levels of biodiversity together with targeted geoscience and oceanographic research and innovative socio-cultural learning and knowledge co-production. This project builds on the transdisciplinary team working on related aspects through the One Ocean Hub and strives to help address current capacity shortfalls and gaps in spatial assessment and planning. The collaboration between Rhodes University and the University of Plymouth on biodiscovery has led to a new international research collaboration to discover and accelerate the development of new antibiotics namely 'Harnessing Natural Product Diversity to Combat Multidrug Resistance' which started in July 2020 and is scheduled to be finalised in September 2024 following no-cost extension for the project (see Further Funding) https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/news/uk-nil-south-africa-research-team-to-establish-hub-for-discovery-of-new-antibiotics Publications: • Howell, K; Hilrio, A; Allcock, L; Bailey, D; Baker, M; Clark, MR; Colaco, A;Copley, J; Cordes, E; Danovaro, R; Dissanayake, A; Escobar, E; Esquete, P; Gallagher, A; Gates, A; Gaudron, SM; German CR; Gjerde, KM; Higgs, ND; Le Bris, N; Levin, L; Manea, E; McClain, C; Menot, L; Mestre, N; Metaxas, A; Milligan R; Muthumbi, A; Narayanaswamy, B; Ramalho, S; Ramirez-Llodra, E; Robson, L; Rogers, A; Sellanes, J; Sigwart, J; Sink, K; Snelgrove, P.V.R; Stefanoudis, P; Sumida, P; Taylor, M; Thurber, A; Vieira R; Watanabe, HK; Woodall, L; Xavier, J. (2020). A decade to study deep-sea life. Nature Ecology & Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01352-5. • Howell K.L., Hilário A, Allcock, AL, Bailey DM., Baker M, Clark MR., Colaço A, C Jon, Cordes E E., Danovaro R, Dissanayake A, Escobar E, Esquete P, Gallagher AJ., Gates AR., Gaudron SM., German CR., Gjerde KM., Higgs ND., Le Bris N, Levin LA., Manea E, McClain C, Menot L, Mestre NC., Metaxas A, Milligan RJ., Muthumbi AWN., Narayanaswamy BE., Ramalho SP., Ramirez-Llodra E, Robson LM., Rogers AD., Sellanes J, Sigwart JD., Sink K, Snelgrove PV, Stefanoudis PV., Sumida PY., Taylor ML., Thurber AR., Vieira RP., Watanabe HK., Woodall LC., Xavier JR. (2020). A Blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea Ocean Decade Field Program. Frontiers in Marine Science https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861 • Worm, B; Elliff C; Fonseca JG; Gell FR; Gon'alves ACS; Helder N; Murray K; Peckham H; Prelovec L; Sink K. Making Ocean Literacy Inclusive and Accessible. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics https://doi.org/10.3354/esep00196 • Wynberg, R; Grorud-Colvert, K; Thambisetty, S; Bandarra, N.M; Can?rio, A.V.M; da Silva, J; Duarte, C.M; Jaspars, M; Rogers, A; Sink, K; Wabnitz, C.C.C. (2020). The ocean genome and future prospects for conservation and equity. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0522-9. • Morgera, E. (2018-19). "Fair and equitable benefit-sharing in a new international instrument on marine biodiversity: A principled approach towards partnership building?" 5 Maritime Safety and Security Law Journal 48-7. https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3234346 • Morgera E. (2020). Biodiversity as a Human Right and Its Implications for the EU as External Actor, published by European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/603491/EXPO_STU(2020)603491_EN.pdf • Morgera, E (2021) "The Relevance of the Human Right to Science for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: A New Legally Binding Instrument to Support Co-Production of Ocean Knowledge across Scales" in Vito De Lucia, Lan Nguyen and Alex G. Oude Elferink (eds), International Law and Marine Areas beyond National Jurisdiction: Current Status and Future Trends (Brill, Forthcoming). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3870399 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3870399 • Morgera E, McQuaid K, La Bianca G, Niner H, Shannon L, Strand M, Rees S, Howell K, Snow B, Lancaster AMSN & Sauer W. 2023. Addressing the Ocean-Climate Nexus in the BBNJ Agreement: Strategic Environmental Assessments, Human Rights and Equity in Ocean Science. The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38: 1-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10139. • Harden-Davies H, Amon DJ, Vierros M, Bax NJ, Hanich Q, Hills JM, Guilhon M, McQuaid KA, Mohammed E, Pouponneau A, Seto KL, Sink K, Talma S & Woodall L. 2022. Capacity development in the Ocean Decade and beyond: Key questions about meanings, motivations, pathways, and measurements. Earth System Governance 12: 100138. DOI: 10.1016/j.esg.2022.100138. Policy Brief How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/ Artistic product - DiepRespek: Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems film/video. Available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6kdnR2eXmgDiepRespek video was featured in a blog of the South Africa Deep-Sea Trawling Industry Association, which noted that the video was "spreading quickly among fishing crews working in South Africa's trawl fishery for hake.": https://www.sadstia.co.za/news/dieprespek-shines-a-fresh-light-on-vulnerable-marine-ecosystems/ - "The Indlela Yokuphila (the Soul Journey)." Available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNm-Yf8Dt10. The short film "Indlela Yokuphila" meaning "the Soul's journey" in Zulu was researched and narrated by Mpume Mthombeni (Empatheatre) and directed by Marc Moynihan (Shells & Spells) and Dr. Dylan McGarry (Empatheatre/Rhodes University), the film aims to make intangible ocean heritages more tangible in governance and education through animation and public dialogue, and return the sacred to our conversations around ocean wellbeing. Short films: - "From the bottom of the sea to the laboratory," available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPJ7935sOd0&t=12s - "Understanding the deep sea" short film, available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wUSOYfPOdDI. Blogposts: Baker M, Ramirez-Llodra E and Tyler P. (2020). "Natural Capital and Exploitation of the Deep Ocean." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/natural-capital-and-exploitation-of-the-deep-ocean/ Febrica S. (2021). "One Ocean Hub holds a "Deep-sea life summit"". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-one-ocean-hub-holds-a-deep-sea-life-summit/ Febrica S. (2020). "Calling for An Integrated Framework to Manage the High Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/calling-for-an-integrated-framework-to-manage-the-high-seas/ One Ocean Hub. (2021). MzanSea - Launcing an innovative ocean literacy website and children's activity book. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/MzanSea-an-innovative-ocean-literacy-project-launches-a-website-and-a-childrens-activity-book/ Lavelle J. (2021). "Towards a community of practice for equitable and sustainable marine biodiversity in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-a-community-of-practice-for-equitable-and-sustainable-marine-biodiscovery-in-south-africa/ Lavelle J. (2021). "New study on inclusive and equitable research and innovation in marine biodiscovery." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-study-on-inclusive-and-equitable-research-and-innovation-in-marine-biodiscovery/ Niner H and McQuaid K. (2021). "Defining the environmental impact assessment process for deep-sea mining." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/defining-the-environmental-impact-assessment-process-for-deep-sea-mining/ One Ocean Hub. (2020). "Focus on: Deep Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/focus-on-deep-sea/ One Ocean Hub. (2020). "Researchers' Contribution to the international negotiations on Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction Negotiation." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction-negotiation/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "New network of deep-water researchers aims to build Africa's capacity for deep-water research." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-network-of-deep-water-researchers-aims-to-build-africas-capacity-for-deep-water-research/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Deepening offshore research capacity in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-supported-deep-sea-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/ Wynberg R, Dorrington R, Upton M and Sink K. (2020). "Biodiscovery: Exploring the Science-Policy Interface in the One Ocean Hub." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/biodiscovery-exploring-the-science-policy-interface-in-the-one-ocean-hub/ One Ocean Hub. (2021). Challenges and solutions for deep-sea research and management in South Africa. Available from: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/ Website of MzanSea: https://MzanSea.org/ Report: Sink KJ, McQuaid K, Atkinson LJ, Palmer RM, Van der Heever G, Majiedt PA, Dunga LV, Currie JC, Adams R, Wahome M, Howell K & AW Patterson. 2021. Challenges and Solutions to develop capacity for Deep-sea Research and Management in South Africa. South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa, 35pp. Available: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/. Outcomes This partnership is working towards the specific outcome of increased research capacity in deep-sea knowledge, techniques and data (SDG 14A). Towards this outcome, the partnership has began a programme of deep-sea research methods training. They delivered training in benthic biodiversity data collection to 15 researchers and government scientists from both South Africa and Namibia in collaboration with the DOSI-Project. This has led to further collaboration to develop new Namibian Deep-Sea Benthic Collections with representatives of Namibia Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources in 2021 to now. Events carried out in 2021-2024. SANBI have participated and presented in all meetings of the South Africa Marine Spatial Planning Working Group. In addition, this working group benefitted from the new interdisciplinary connections developed under the One Ocean Hub: interdisciplinary input from the One Ocean Hub team was provided at an information session on "Marine spatial biodiversity priorities as an input into marine spatial planning", which took place on 22 October 2020, hosted by Biodiversity & Coastal Research Department of Environmental Affairs, Forestry and Fisheries (DEFF): Oceans and Coasts, South Africa Government. As an outcome of this meeting, members of the technical team of planners who inform environmental priorities in marine spatial planning have requested a follow-up meeting with Hub researchers to discuss key issues raised in 2021. The MzanSea team have presented to the Marine and Coastal Educators Network and are in discussion with members of this network from the three South Africa aquariums on the implementation of the MzanSea products. In December 2021, a new website of the MzanSea (see: https://MzanSea.org/) was launched. The MzanSea team also developed a children's activity book and a set of fact sheets. The MzanSea products also include elements about why and how to care for ocean ecosystems and also profiles young marine scientists studying different ecosystem types. The Indlela Yokuphila animation project was launched during the UN World Oceans Day in June 2023. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNm-Yf8Dt10). This event was attended by 34 attendees. It was already showcased at the following events: - "Indlela yokuphila (the path of life)," the UN World Ocean Week in June 2020 (here: https://bit.ly/3HXx2K1). This event was attended by 72 attendees. - "Climate-related conflict: arts-based mediation and recourse to redress," the One Ocean Hub joint side event with the Green Climate Fund in November 2021 for Climate COP26. This event was attended by 26 attendees (here: https://bit.ly/3i0MYk9). - "Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa," the UN World Oceans Day side-event with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance and the UNDOALOS on 9 June 2023 (here: https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-short-film-indlela-yokuphila-the-souls-journey-at-the-united-nations-world-ocean-week/). This event was attended by 26 attendees. - Mpume Mthombeni's talk at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration, 9 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs"the official UN World Oceans Day celebration at the UN Headquarters in New York (here: https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2-uSE26tnU&t=63s ). The event was attended by 350 in-person attendees and 102,000 online attendees, reaching 110 UN member states. This collaboration has also contributed in co-organising three webinars for the UN World Oceans Day 2020-2021. • Studying the Sea - Accessing Ocean Research Career: https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=Arwc_wTwsJ4. This event was attended by 76 attendees. ? "Inclusive Ocean Conservation: Innovations in Marine Spatial Planning," organized for the UN World Oceans Day 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mP4LU8_4KK8&t=2s. This event was attended by 29 persons. ? "Wonders of the Deep", organized for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvUJvqPB6is. This event was attended by 131 attendees. Disciplines involved in this collaboration: deep-sea science, sociology, anthropology, arts.
Start Year 2020
 
Description Capacity Strengthening and Connecting Knowledge Systems in the Deep Sea 
Organisation Rhodes University
Country South Africa 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The interdisciplinary framework of the One Ocean Hub has brought together within South Africa, for the first time, deep-sea scientists (South Africa National Biodiversity Institute, University of Plymouth), sociologists (Rhodes University and University of Cape Town), artists (Rhodes University), and expertise in knowledge systems, ethics, and benefit sharing (University of Cape Town), together with expertise in ethical innovation and knowledge production at the University of Strathclyde, UK. This interdisciplinary team seeks to address two critical challenges fundamental in underpinning fair and equitable access to and benefit from deep sea ecosystems: 1. Building capacity to undertake research in the deep sea in low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC) countries There are historical barriers to wider global participation in offshore research. This has impact on the ability of all nations to participate in evidence-based decision-making on deep-sea areas within their jurisdictions and beyond. Widening participation in deep-sea science has therefore become a significant goal of the Hub. While planned cruises and research have initially been delayed by COVID and eventually been canceled because of the ODA budget cuts, the planning of the cruise for two years had nonetheless allowed the emergence of a more considered approach to the design of deep-sea science capacity-strengthening programme that will benefit researchers in future opportunities for international collaboration. 2. Integrating knowledge systems and learning from multiple conceptions of the deep sea, for holistic ocean literacy Understanding and surfacing different ways of knowing the deep sea, as well as decolonising the science of the Deep Sea, are critical steps in addressing issues of inequity in representation and participation in deep-sea research (including with indigenous knowledge systems). Integrating different ways of knowing and understanding the deep sea has become a key interdisciplinary focus for the Hub, working towards ocean literacy outputs informed by both science and indigenous knowledge systems. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations listed below are part of the Hub's original application: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; University of Edinburgh, UK; University of Plymouth, UK. • partner organisation based in the Global South: South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa. The new partnership generated by this collaboration includes: • research organization based in the Global South: University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa • partner organisation based in the Global South: South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), South Africa
Collaborator Contribution University of Strathclyde, University of Plymouth and South Africa National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI): Understanding the barriers to deep-sea science and research in a LMIC context. The team undertook a survey of deep-sea and marine scientists on Access to Marine Subject Area Education and Research to understand the barriers to deep-sea research and how LMIC country researchers can be better supported and included. The survey yielded evidence that supports the Hub approach: training on the use of equipment and inclusion on research cruises will be most impactful (as opposed to data sharing agreements, which are also valued). In addition, a campaign around ocean literacy that increases knowledge and interest in deep-science research careers will create a pipeline of future scientists and a populace that invests in it. This has further informed the design of the Hub's capacity-strengthening programme for deep-sea research, and ocean literacy at all levels. This has resulted in a public report that will inform the Hub's contributions to the UN Decade of Ocean Science and policy advice to ocean funders. Follow-up research will connect the report findings with new research on the human right to science and on the relevance of cultural heritage for deep-sea research. The capacity strengthening programme led by SANBI and University of Plymouth, in partnership with the Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI), involves the design and delivery of a programme of training across key aspects and skill areas of deep-sea research, targeted to researchers and government scientists, including in conducting the first benthic survey in Namibia. Partnership in marine benthic mapping has been reported separately under 'Partnership for Marine Habitat Mapping in the South-East Atlantic'. This partnership has delivered training in deep-sea taxonomy and species distribution modelling to South African scientists and students, and developed a new global platform to support identification of deep-sea animals. It has also supported initial steps in the establishment of a national benthic invertebrate monitoring programme in Namibia in support of MSC certification of the important Namibian Hake fishery. This has involved knowledge sharing between neighbouring South Africa and Namibia as well as between North and South Atlantic basins. In addition, a new partnership between the University of Rhodes and the University of Plymouth has been established focused on biodiscovery. The partnership is also collating undergraduate training materials in marine science to make available in a usable package to educators in higher education institutions across South Africa. SANBI also leads on engagement with the South Africa Government in increasing capacity for knowledge-based decision making for the marine ecosystem. As active members of the Marine Spatial Planning Working Group of the South Africa Government, SANBI are well placed to connect Hub outputs with key actors, and support capacity strengthening for implementation. South Africa National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) SANBI led on a Flexible Fund project titled 'MzanSea: Revealing South Africa's Marine Ecosystems', which was implemented in 2021. MzanSea aims to foster ocean literacy and provide resources for educators, students and decision makers. The project is a direct response to the outcomes emerging from the Marine and Coastal Educators Network (MCEN) conference in early 2020, which was the realisation of the limited knowledge and resources on marine ecosystems in general and deep ocean ecosystems in particular within South Africa. Educators themselves were not able to connect to these ecosystems and therefore neither were their students. Additionally, despite South Africa having 12 official languages, as far as we are aware there are no ocean educational resources in languages other than English or Afrikaans, thereby failing to reach a large proportion of people in South Africa. There is therefore a need for educational resources regarding marine ecosystems in South Africa in multiple languages. SANBI will lead on the production of a suite of resources revealing 14 marine ecosystem types suitable for learners from children to decision makers. These resources will also be translated into at least 3 coastal languages (Xhosa, Zulu, Afrikaans). Through the One Ocean Hub, the deep-sea science team behind MzanSea, have partnered with colleagues from Rhodes University Environmental Learning Research Centre, to expand MzanSea to include other forms of knowledge. Bridging the fields of marine science and marine sociology/anthropology, the researchers are collaborating at the intersection of cultural heritage and scientific heritage in describing at least 9 of the 14 marine ecosystems of South Africa, through both perspectives. This collaboration seeks to highlight the alignment between indigenous and scientific knowledge. The collaboration began as an output of early cultural heritage research by the Rhodes team, which produced the Indlela yokuphila Empatheatre animation project which offers a digital storytelling experience through animation that tells the story of the soul's journey through the oceans in Zulu traditional ancestral belief. This will now be worked into the MzanSea outputs to form a holistic package of ocean literacy materials. The SANBI/Rhodes University collaboration has expanded to include also colleagues at the University of Cape Town, to explore the intersection of scientific and indigenous knowledge in the context of the deep sea more broadly. This team have formed the 'Deep Knowing' working group. In this collaboration, the University of Cape Town, through a PhD research project, is examining the epistemological interactions and practical implications of working with different knowledge systems, specifically "Science" and "Indigenous Knowledge Systems". The group will also examine specific ethical questions (linked to the One Ocean Hub code of practice) - around representation, participation and working with indigenous/contextual/embodied ways of knowing in the context of deep-sea science. The resulting MzanSea website and resources (including a children's activity book) have been launched in 2022 and received early international recognition by being included in the resources of a new e-learning course produced by the UN Environment programme for 13-15 years old youth on children's human right to a healthy environment. University of Cape Town research on fair marine biodiscovery also provides substantial contribution to the partnership. On August 3rd, 2021, the Bio-economy Research Chair at the University of Cape Town in partnership with the One Ocean Hub hosted a webinar on marine biodiscovery in South Africa to bring together scientists, regulators and policymakers to present and discuss findings relating to the equitable and sustainable use of marine genetic resources. This stems from research conducted by Dr Jessica Lavelle and Professor Rachel Wynberg which explored historical and current activities relating to marine biodiscovery, its governance and existing (dis)connections in law, science and policy. The intention of the research is to explore opportunities for harmonising science and policy to enable approaches for equitable and sustainable marine biodiscovery in South Africa. The collaboration between Rhodes University and University of Plymouth on biodiscovery which formed under the One Ocean Hub has led to a development of a new project 'Harnessing Natural Product Diversity to Combat Multidrug Resistance'. The project is funded by Newton Fund via UK Medical Research Council and South African Medical Research Council (July 2020-December 2023). This project is aimed to enable researchers to explore biodiverse rich habitats, deep oceans and polar environments for novel and natural compounds. It brings together scientists from the UK and South Africa, to establish an Antibiotic Accelerator Hub to significantly boost capacity for discovery of new antibiotics. As part of this project, Hub researcher from Rhodes University, Professor Rosemary Dorrington, will lead South African researchers to form the 'Natural product research network', alongside a UK research consortium led by Hub researcher at University of Plymouth, Professor Mathew Upton, with partners at the universities of Bristol, Leeds, St Andrews and Aberdeen. It is hoped that this collaboration will not only benefit healthcare globally but will also support the bio-economies of both South Africa and the UK, ensuring fair and equitable sharing of the benefits of any new drugs arising from the research with communities in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). The £1.9 million funding also includes £1.9 million includes £412,000 funding for a seed project, which will explore the diversity of antimicrobial peptides in South Africa to identify potential new antibiotics (See: https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/news/uk-nil-south-africa-research-team-to-establish-hub-for-discovery-of-new-antibiotics). As part of capacity strengthening, researchers from the University of Edinburgh contribute in expanding knowledge of offshore biodiversity by conducting research on cold-water coral reef growth and loss in a changing ocean through the development of online training, teaching and learning resources, video, and on-site training. The aim of the research is to predict future integrity of key deep-sea habitats (cold-water corals) and provide data also on cold-water coral reef growth and loss to inform the taxonomic atlas and ecosystem mapping. This collaboration has achieved demonstrable policy impacts. In June 2022, the Hub's deep-sea research ("One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4") was endorsed as an official Decade Action under the UN Ocean Science Decade's Challenger 150 programme. This is a collaboration between the University of Strathclyde, the University of Plymouth, the University of Namibia, SANBI and NMU. Under the Challenger 150 Programme, Hub researchers have supported deep-sea capacity development efforts through the establishment of a UN Decade African Network of Deep-water Researchers (for detailed information read also collaboration titled "MARINE HABITAT MAPPING IN THE SOUTH-EAST ATLANTIC"). Established in 2023 and led by Hub early-career researcher Dr Kirsty McQuaid (SANBI, South Africa and the University of Plymouth, UK), the African Network of Deep-water Researchers aims to connect researchers, skills, infrastructure and resources within Africa, and with a global community of deep-water researchers, to build on the continent's capacity for deep-water research in support of sustainable development. Open to African nationals globally and individuals in African institutions, the Network encompasses all disciplines related to deep-water (beyond 30m depth, excluding scuba diving) and is open to all sectors. To date, the Network comprises over 250 members from 27 African nations, representing over 140 institutions. 76% of members are self-identified Early Career Researchers (<10 years professional experience, following the global UN ECOP Programme). Although still in a development phase, key activities are anticipated to emphasise training, project development, knowledge exchange, and research initiatives. As a first step, the Network initiated a workshop series identifying practical actions to advance deep-water research and establish a framework for future activities (https://oneoceanhub.org/new-network-of-deep-water-researchers-aims-to-build-africas-capacity-for-deep-water-research/). In October 2023, the Hub has been endorsed as a UN Ocean Decade Implementing Partner, focusing on transdisciplinary research. Hub researchers at the University of Plymouth will present findings, experience and practices of the Hub deep-sea research at the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona, Spain in April 2024 as part of a satellite event titled "Deepening the Decade" to be held at the Banquet Hall of the Conference, Paris, France in April 2024 in collaboration with Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI) (see also a separate entry titled "Contributing to the UN Decade for Ocean Science"). As part of the efforts to strengthen deep-sea capacity building in Africa, in February 2023, Hub researcher Dr Kerry Sink (South Africa National Biodiversity Institute) and a team of marine scientists in South Africa embarked on a multi-institutional and multi-disciplinary offshore expedition to enhance the capacity of young southern African scientists and to collect data in outer shelf and deep-sea habitats. The cruise was funded by the Hub (https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-supported-deep-sea-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/). The main aim of the cruise was to develop the capacity of a team of young researchers who can work together to solve the challenges of offshore research and management. Research goals include the use of cutting-edge genetic research to detect environmental DNA of threatened species, exploring patterns in invertebrate and fish biodiversity with increasing depth and work to understand the drivers of these patterns in the dynamic high current environment of the Amathole Offshore Protected Area. The project also included innovative, social and cultural aspects that recognise the deep human connections with the ocean and the team are working on understanding the use of marine species in medicine and ritual practices, including the identification and mapping of Culturally Significant Areas in the coastal and ocean environment. The cruise was funded by the One Ocean Hub and it is an initiative of the Capacity Strengthening component of the Hub. In 2022, Hub researchers together with collaborators undertook a study to understand the challenges and solutions to develop capacity for deep-sea research and management in South Africa. One of the recommendations was to hold dedicated in-country expeditions using available or locally developed technology under local conditions. This can provide relevant opportunities for more researchers and is a valuable addition to the more common approach where one or two scientists are able to participate in an international expedition with equipment that is usually not available in-country. The research gear included a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV), deep-sea landers and oceanographic instruments. The ROV captures video and images and can collect biological samples using a manipulator arm. Researchers explored underwater caves and canyons and hope to find the elusive coelacanth which was first trawled off East London in South Africa in 1938 but since then has only been seen much further north of Pumula and Sodwana Bay in KwaZulu-Natal and in other countries in East Africa. Landers are remote underwater video stations that are baited and allow scientists to record fish, sharks and other deep-sea creatures attracted to the bait. Ten students from seven different universities and institutes participated in the cruise facilitated by the South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) and the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). This included the University of KwaZululu Natal, Rhodes University, Nelson Mandela University, and the University of Cape Town. Oceanography sediment and biodiversity data were collected to contribute to three Ph.D. studies and two Master's theses with additional collaborative publications spanning multiple disciplines underway by the group. The team relied on standard and new technology for ocean sampling using remote visual tools to obtain imagery of the seabed, Conductivity-Temperature-Depth profilers (CTDs) to measure changes in ocean variables with depth and conducted surveys of marine species used in medicine and ritual in East London. Technician JJ Forgus developed skills in collecting specimens from the depth using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) with a claw that can be used for targeted specimen samplings. SANBI emerging researcher gained experience as a Chief Scientist, a rare opportunity for a young scientist. The Hub's deep-sea capacity strengthening partnerships has also brought positive environmental impacts. The deep-sea cruise conducted in 2023, for example, involved the use of 29 remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives conducted by the team, two of these presented an opportunity for invertebrate samples to be collected, whilst some excellent footage of never-before-seen habitats, including deep-water canyons, sticky mud habitats, as well as creatures rarely witnessed in situ collected during the remaining dives (https://oneoceanhub.org/dedicated-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/). Two dredges and 18 sediment samples were achieved to gather invertebrate samples to be used in the Foundational Biodiversity Information Programme's (FBIP) SeaMap project recently awarded to the Egagasini Node of the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON). This project is aimed at developing South Africa's marine invertebrate DNA barcode catalogue and will also produce the country's first data-driven ecosystem map using species records from visual surveys. A total of ten deepsea lander deployments were accomplished, establishing the record for the deepest lander dive in South Africa thus far at a depth of 1036 meters. Pressures at these depths exceed 100 times those experienced at the surface, so not only are the creatures adapted to these conditions truly something to behold, but it is also testimony to the progress made in maritime engineering. Those involved in this enterprise made great strides in bringing Africa to the forefront of what is possible with deep-sea exploration. The expedition, which spanned 157 hours at sea, covered a total of 901 nautical miles. This collaboration has also brought positive social impacts. The Hub's researchers are investing in science communication and ocean literacy- a sharing of diverse sets of knowledge across knowledge types and knowledge holders including disciplines, groups and generations. Building ocean literacy is an ongoing process; one that will continue over the course of each scientist's journey, as the ocean and social systems we seek to protect are ever-changing. That is why a dynamic, integrated, and collaborative approach is needed for the sustainable and equitable management of our oceans. The capacity development and transdisciplinary components of the deep-sea expedition and the MzanSea ocean literacy project for example, sought to overcome the old narrative of separate sciences, to draw from the diverse pool of expertise created by the multiplicity of team members, so that learning could be facilitated, which better serves society and our seas. The deep-sea expedition conducted in 2023 contributed to the identification and mapping of Culturally Significant Areas in the coastal and ocean environment of South Africa. All the events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration - as outlined in the "outcomes section" - were attended by a total of 102,744 persons. The capacity strengthening collaboration under the Hub also has strengthened gender equality and inclusivity. All the Hub's capacity strengthening sessions were attended by predominantly women audience. On average over 60 per cent of participants in these evens were women. This speaks to the interests of women in this field and the need for capacity building for women. The co-directors of the Hub's deep-sea research programme, Prof Kerry Howell (University of Plymouth, UK) and Dr Kerry Sink (SANBI, South Africa) are female scientists. Around 50 per cent of Hub researchers involved in deep-sea research are female from different career stages, senior academics and early career researchers. The impact of this collaboration in strengthening gender equality and inclusivity is evident from the leadership of Dr Kirsty McQuaid in establishing the African Network of Deep-water Researchers and Safiyya Sedick who played a crucial role as the coordinating officer for the Hub funded deep-sea cruise in 2023.
Impact Further Funding: The SANBI/Rhodes collaboration which formed under the One Ocean Hub has led to a successful new project, funded by the South African National Research Foundation, titled 'Deep Connections'. Deep Connections is a 3-year project which will start in 2021 (see Further Funding). The Deep Connections project is a multi-disciplinary project that aims to build knowledge about offshore marine connectivity for inclusion in spatial assessment and prioritisation. This will be achieved by investigating genetic, species and ecosystem levels of biodiversity together with targeted geoscience and oceanographic research and innovative socio-cultural learning and knowledge co-production. This project builds on the transdisciplinary team working on related aspects through the One Ocean Hub and strives to help address current capacity shortfalls and gaps in spatial assessment and planning. The collaboration between Rhodes University and the University of Plymouth on biodiscovery has led to a new international research collaboration to discover and accelerate the development of new antibiotics namely 'Harnessing Natural Product Diversity to Combat Multidrug Resistance' which started in July 2020 and is scheduled to be finalised in September 2024 following no-cost extension for the project (see Further Funding) https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/news/uk-nil-south-africa-research-team-to-establish-hub-for-discovery-of-new-antibiotics Publications: • Howell, K; Hilrio, A; Allcock, L; Bailey, D; Baker, M; Clark, MR; Colaco, A;Copley, J; Cordes, E; Danovaro, R; Dissanayake, A; Escobar, E; Esquete, P; Gallagher, A; Gates, A; Gaudron, SM; German CR; Gjerde, KM; Higgs, ND; Le Bris, N; Levin, L; Manea, E; McClain, C; Menot, L; Mestre, N; Metaxas, A; Milligan R; Muthumbi, A; Narayanaswamy, B; Ramalho, S; Ramirez-Llodra, E; Robson, L; Rogers, A; Sellanes, J; Sigwart, J; Sink, K; Snelgrove, P.V.R; Stefanoudis, P; Sumida, P; Taylor, M; Thurber, A; Vieira R; Watanabe, HK; Woodall, L; Xavier, J. (2020). A decade to study deep-sea life. Nature Ecology & Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01352-5. • Howell K.L., Hilário A, Allcock, AL, Bailey DM., Baker M, Clark MR., Colaço A, C Jon, Cordes E E., Danovaro R, Dissanayake A, Escobar E, Esquete P, Gallagher AJ., Gates AR., Gaudron SM., German CR., Gjerde KM., Higgs ND., Le Bris N, Levin LA., Manea E, McClain C, Menot L, Mestre NC., Metaxas A, Milligan RJ., Muthumbi AWN., Narayanaswamy BE., Ramalho SP., Ramirez-Llodra E, Robson LM., Rogers AD., Sellanes J, Sigwart JD., Sink K, Snelgrove PV, Stefanoudis PV., Sumida PY., Taylor ML., Thurber AR., Vieira RP., Watanabe HK., Woodall LC., Xavier JR. (2020). A Blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea Ocean Decade Field Program. Frontiers in Marine Science https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861 • Worm, B; Elliff C; Fonseca JG; Gell FR; Gon'alves ACS; Helder N; Murray K; Peckham H; Prelovec L; Sink K. Making Ocean Literacy Inclusive and Accessible. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics https://doi.org/10.3354/esep00196 • Wynberg, R; Grorud-Colvert, K; Thambisetty, S; Bandarra, N.M; Can?rio, A.V.M; da Silva, J; Duarte, C.M; Jaspars, M; Rogers, A; Sink, K; Wabnitz, C.C.C. (2020). The ocean genome and future prospects for conservation and equity. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0522-9. • Morgera, E. (2018-19). "Fair and equitable benefit-sharing in a new international instrument on marine biodiversity: A principled approach towards partnership building?" 5 Maritime Safety and Security Law Journal 48-7. https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3234346 • Morgera E. (2020). Biodiversity as a Human Right and Its Implications for the EU as External Actor, published by European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/603491/EXPO_STU(2020)603491_EN.pdf • Morgera, E (2021) "The Relevance of the Human Right to Science for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: A New Legally Binding Instrument to Support Co-Production of Ocean Knowledge across Scales" in Vito De Lucia, Lan Nguyen and Alex G. Oude Elferink (eds), International Law and Marine Areas beyond National Jurisdiction: Current Status and Future Trends (Brill, Forthcoming). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3870399 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3870399 • Morgera E, McQuaid K, La Bianca G, Niner H, Shannon L, Strand M, Rees S, Howell K, Snow B, Lancaster AMSN & Sauer W. 2023. Addressing the Ocean-Climate Nexus in the BBNJ Agreement: Strategic Environmental Assessments, Human Rights and Equity in Ocean Science. The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38: 1-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10139. • Harden-Davies H, Amon DJ, Vierros M, Bax NJ, Hanich Q, Hills JM, Guilhon M, McQuaid KA, Mohammed E, Pouponneau A, Seto KL, Sink K, Talma S & Woodall L. 2022. Capacity development in the Ocean Decade and beyond: Key questions about meanings, motivations, pathways, and measurements. Earth System Governance 12: 100138. DOI: 10.1016/j.esg.2022.100138. Policy Brief How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/ Artistic product - DiepRespek: Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems film/video. Available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6kdnR2eXmgDiepRespek video was featured in a blog of the South Africa Deep-Sea Trawling Industry Association, which noted that the video was "spreading quickly among fishing crews working in South Africa's trawl fishery for hake.": https://www.sadstia.co.za/news/dieprespek-shines-a-fresh-light-on-vulnerable-marine-ecosystems/ - "The Indlela Yokuphila (the Soul Journey)." Available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNm-Yf8Dt10. The short film "Indlela Yokuphila" meaning "the Soul's journey" in Zulu was researched and narrated by Mpume Mthombeni (Empatheatre) and directed by Marc Moynihan (Shells & Spells) and Dr. Dylan McGarry (Empatheatre/Rhodes University), the film aims to make intangible ocean heritages more tangible in governance and education through animation and public dialogue, and return the sacred to our conversations around ocean wellbeing. Short films: - "From the bottom of the sea to the laboratory," available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPJ7935sOd0&t=12s - "Understanding the deep sea" short film, available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wUSOYfPOdDI. Blogposts: Baker M, Ramirez-Llodra E and Tyler P. (2020). "Natural Capital and Exploitation of the Deep Ocean." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/natural-capital-and-exploitation-of-the-deep-ocean/ Febrica S. (2021). "One Ocean Hub holds a "Deep-sea life summit"". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-one-ocean-hub-holds-a-deep-sea-life-summit/ Febrica S. (2020). "Calling for An Integrated Framework to Manage the High Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/calling-for-an-integrated-framework-to-manage-the-high-seas/ One Ocean Hub. (2021). MzanSea - Launcing an innovative ocean literacy website and children's activity book. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/MzanSea-an-innovative-ocean-literacy-project-launches-a-website-and-a-childrens-activity-book/ Lavelle J. (2021). "Towards a community of practice for equitable and sustainable marine biodiversity in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-a-community-of-practice-for-equitable-and-sustainable-marine-biodiscovery-in-south-africa/ Lavelle J. (2021). "New study on inclusive and equitable research and innovation in marine biodiscovery." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-study-on-inclusive-and-equitable-research-and-innovation-in-marine-biodiscovery/ Niner H and McQuaid K. (2021). "Defining the environmental impact assessment process for deep-sea mining." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/defining-the-environmental-impact-assessment-process-for-deep-sea-mining/ One Ocean Hub. (2020). "Focus on: Deep Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/focus-on-deep-sea/ One Ocean Hub. (2020). "Researchers' Contribution to the international negotiations on Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction Negotiation." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction-negotiation/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "New network of deep-water researchers aims to build Africa's capacity for deep-water research." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-network-of-deep-water-researchers-aims-to-build-africas-capacity-for-deep-water-research/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Deepening offshore research capacity in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-supported-deep-sea-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/ Wynberg R, Dorrington R, Upton M and Sink K. (2020). "Biodiscovery: Exploring the Science-Policy Interface in the One Ocean Hub." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/biodiscovery-exploring-the-science-policy-interface-in-the-one-ocean-hub/ One Ocean Hub. (2021). Challenges and solutions for deep-sea research and management in South Africa. Available from: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/ Website of MzanSea: https://MzanSea.org/ Report: Sink KJ, McQuaid K, Atkinson LJ, Palmer RM, Van der Heever G, Majiedt PA, Dunga LV, Currie JC, Adams R, Wahome M, Howell K & AW Patterson. 2021. Challenges and Solutions to develop capacity for Deep-sea Research and Management in South Africa. South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa, 35pp. Available: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/. Outcomes This partnership is working towards the specific outcome of increased research capacity in deep-sea knowledge, techniques and data (SDG 14A). Towards this outcome, the partnership has began a programme of deep-sea research methods training. They delivered training in benthic biodiversity data collection to 15 researchers and government scientists from both South Africa and Namibia in collaboration with the DOSI-Project. This has led to further collaboration to develop new Namibian Deep-Sea Benthic Collections with representatives of Namibia Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources in 2021 to now. Events carried out in 2021-2024. SANBI have participated and presented in all meetings of the South Africa Marine Spatial Planning Working Group. In addition, this working group benefitted from the new interdisciplinary connections developed under the One Ocean Hub: interdisciplinary input from the One Ocean Hub team was provided at an information session on "Marine spatial biodiversity priorities as an input into marine spatial planning", which took place on 22 October 2020, hosted by Biodiversity & Coastal Research Department of Environmental Affairs, Forestry and Fisheries (DEFF): Oceans and Coasts, South Africa Government. As an outcome of this meeting, members of the technical team of planners who inform environmental priorities in marine spatial planning have requested a follow-up meeting with Hub researchers to discuss key issues raised in 2021. The MzanSea team have presented to the Marine and Coastal Educators Network and are in discussion with members of this network from the three South Africa aquariums on the implementation of the MzanSea products. In December 2021, a new website of the MzanSea (see: https://MzanSea.org/) was launched. The MzanSea team also developed a children's activity book and a set of fact sheets. The MzanSea products also include elements about why and how to care for ocean ecosystems and also profiles young marine scientists studying different ecosystem types. The Indlela Yokuphila animation project was launched during the UN World Oceans Day in June 2023. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNm-Yf8Dt10). This event was attended by 34 attendees. It was already showcased at the following events: - "Indlela yokuphila (the path of life)," the UN World Ocean Week in June 2020 (here: https://bit.ly/3HXx2K1). This event was attended by 72 attendees. - "Climate-related conflict: arts-based mediation and recourse to redress," the One Ocean Hub joint side event with the Green Climate Fund in November 2021 for Climate COP26. This event was attended by 26 attendees (here: https://bit.ly/3i0MYk9). - "Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa," the UN World Oceans Day side-event with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance and the UNDOALOS on 9 June 2023 (here: https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-short-film-indlela-yokuphila-the-souls-journey-at-the-united-nations-world-ocean-week/). This event was attended by 26 attendees. - Mpume Mthombeni's talk at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration, 9 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs"the official UN World Oceans Day celebration at the UN Headquarters in New York (here: https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2-uSE26tnU&t=63s ). The event was attended by 350 in-person attendees and 102,000 online attendees, reaching 110 UN member states. This collaboration has also contributed in co-organising three webinars for the UN World Oceans Day 2020-2021. • Studying the Sea - Accessing Ocean Research Career: https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=Arwc_wTwsJ4. This event was attended by 76 attendees. ? "Inclusive Ocean Conservation: Innovations in Marine Spatial Planning," organized for the UN World Oceans Day 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mP4LU8_4KK8&t=2s. This event was attended by 29 persons. ? "Wonders of the Deep", organized for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvUJvqPB6is. This event was attended by 131 attendees. Disciplines involved in this collaboration: deep-sea science, sociology, anthropology, arts.
Start Year 2020
 
Description Capacity Strengthening and Connecting Knowledge Systems in the Deep Sea 
Organisation South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity
Country South Africa 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution The interdisciplinary framework of the One Ocean Hub has brought together within South Africa, for the first time, deep-sea scientists (South Africa National Biodiversity Institute, University of Plymouth), sociologists (Rhodes University and University of Cape Town), artists (Rhodes University), and expertise in knowledge systems, ethics, and benefit sharing (University of Cape Town), together with expertise in ethical innovation and knowledge production at the University of Strathclyde, UK. This interdisciplinary team seeks to address two critical challenges fundamental in underpinning fair and equitable access to and benefit from deep sea ecosystems: 1. Building capacity to undertake research in the deep sea in low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC) countries There are historical barriers to wider global participation in offshore research. This has impact on the ability of all nations to participate in evidence-based decision-making on deep-sea areas within their jurisdictions and beyond. Widening participation in deep-sea science has therefore become a significant goal of the Hub. While planned cruises and research have initially been delayed by COVID and eventually been canceled because of the ODA budget cuts, the planning of the cruise for two years had nonetheless allowed the emergence of a more considered approach to the design of deep-sea science capacity-strengthening programme that will benefit researchers in future opportunities for international collaboration. 2. Integrating knowledge systems and learning from multiple conceptions of the deep sea, for holistic ocean literacy Understanding and surfacing different ways of knowing the deep sea, as well as decolonising the science of the Deep Sea, are critical steps in addressing issues of inequity in representation and participation in deep-sea research (including with indigenous knowledge systems). Integrating different ways of knowing and understanding the deep sea has become a key interdisciplinary focus for the Hub, working towards ocean literacy outputs informed by both science and indigenous knowledge systems. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations listed below are part of the Hub's original application: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; University of Edinburgh, UK; University of Plymouth, UK. • partner organisation based in the Global South: South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa. The new partnership generated by this collaboration includes: • research organization based in the Global South: University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa • partner organisation based in the Global South: South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), South Africa
Collaborator Contribution University of Strathclyde, University of Plymouth and South Africa National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI): Understanding the barriers to deep-sea science and research in a LMIC context. The team undertook a survey of deep-sea and marine scientists on Access to Marine Subject Area Education and Research to understand the barriers to deep-sea research and how LMIC country researchers can be better supported and included. The survey yielded evidence that supports the Hub approach: training on the use of equipment and inclusion on research cruises will be most impactful (as opposed to data sharing agreements, which are also valued). In addition, a campaign around ocean literacy that increases knowledge and interest in deep-science research careers will create a pipeline of future scientists and a populace that invests in it. This has further informed the design of the Hub's capacity-strengthening programme for deep-sea research, and ocean literacy at all levels. This has resulted in a public report that will inform the Hub's contributions to the UN Decade of Ocean Science and policy advice to ocean funders. Follow-up research will connect the report findings with new research on the human right to science and on the relevance of cultural heritage for deep-sea research. The capacity strengthening programme led by SANBI and University of Plymouth, in partnership with the Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI), involves the design and delivery of a programme of training across key aspects and skill areas of deep-sea research, targeted to researchers and government scientists, including in conducting the first benthic survey in Namibia. Partnership in marine benthic mapping has been reported separately under 'Partnership for Marine Habitat Mapping in the South-East Atlantic'. This partnership has delivered training in deep-sea taxonomy and species distribution modelling to South African scientists and students, and developed a new global platform to support identification of deep-sea animals. It has also supported initial steps in the establishment of a national benthic invertebrate monitoring programme in Namibia in support of MSC certification of the important Namibian Hake fishery. This has involved knowledge sharing between neighbouring South Africa and Namibia as well as between North and South Atlantic basins. In addition, a new partnership between the University of Rhodes and the University of Plymouth has been established focused on biodiscovery. The partnership is also collating undergraduate training materials in marine science to make available in a usable package to educators in higher education institutions across South Africa. SANBI also leads on engagement with the South Africa Government in increasing capacity for knowledge-based decision making for the marine ecosystem. As active members of the Marine Spatial Planning Working Group of the South Africa Government, SANBI are well placed to connect Hub outputs with key actors, and support capacity strengthening for implementation. South Africa National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) SANBI led on a Flexible Fund project titled 'MzanSea: Revealing South Africa's Marine Ecosystems', which was implemented in 2021. MzanSea aims to foster ocean literacy and provide resources for educators, students and decision makers. The project is a direct response to the outcomes emerging from the Marine and Coastal Educators Network (MCEN) conference in early 2020, which was the realisation of the limited knowledge and resources on marine ecosystems in general and deep ocean ecosystems in particular within South Africa. Educators themselves were not able to connect to these ecosystems and therefore neither were their students. Additionally, despite South Africa having 12 official languages, as far as we are aware there are no ocean educational resources in languages other than English or Afrikaans, thereby failing to reach a large proportion of people in South Africa. There is therefore a need for educational resources regarding marine ecosystems in South Africa in multiple languages. SANBI will lead on the production of a suite of resources revealing 14 marine ecosystem types suitable for learners from children to decision makers. These resources will also be translated into at least 3 coastal languages (Xhosa, Zulu, Afrikaans). Through the One Ocean Hub, the deep-sea science team behind MzanSea, have partnered with colleagues from Rhodes University Environmental Learning Research Centre, to expand MzanSea to include other forms of knowledge. Bridging the fields of marine science and marine sociology/anthropology, the researchers are collaborating at the intersection of cultural heritage and scientific heritage in describing at least 9 of the 14 marine ecosystems of South Africa, through both perspectives. This collaboration seeks to highlight the alignment between indigenous and scientific knowledge. The collaboration began as an output of early cultural heritage research by the Rhodes team, which produced the Indlela yokuphila Empatheatre animation project which offers a digital storytelling experience through animation that tells the story of the soul's journey through the oceans in Zulu traditional ancestral belief. This will now be worked into the MzanSea outputs to form a holistic package of ocean literacy materials. The SANBI/Rhodes University collaboration has expanded to include also colleagues at the University of Cape Town, to explore the intersection of scientific and indigenous knowledge in the context of the deep sea more broadly. This team have formed the 'Deep Knowing' working group. In this collaboration, the University of Cape Town, through a PhD research project, is examining the epistemological interactions and practical implications of working with different knowledge systems, specifically "Science" and "Indigenous Knowledge Systems". The group will also examine specific ethical questions (linked to the One Ocean Hub code of practice) - around representation, participation and working with indigenous/contextual/embodied ways of knowing in the context of deep-sea science. The resulting MzanSea website and resources (including a children's activity book) have been launched in 2022 and received early international recognition by being included in the resources of a new e-learning course produced by the UN Environment programme for 13-15 years old youth on children's human right to a healthy environment. University of Cape Town research on fair marine biodiscovery also provides substantial contribution to the partnership. On August 3rd, 2021, the Bio-economy Research Chair at the University of Cape Town in partnership with the One Ocean Hub hosted a webinar on marine biodiscovery in South Africa to bring together scientists, regulators and policymakers to present and discuss findings relating to the equitable and sustainable use of marine genetic resources. This stems from research conducted by Dr Jessica Lavelle and Professor Rachel Wynberg which explored historical and current activities relating to marine biodiscovery, its governance and existing (dis)connections in law, science and policy. The intention of the research is to explore opportunities for harmonising science and policy to enable approaches for equitable and sustainable marine biodiscovery in South Africa. The collaboration between Rhodes University and University of Plymouth on biodiscovery which formed under the One Ocean Hub has led to a development of a new project 'Harnessing Natural Product Diversity to Combat Multidrug Resistance'. The project is funded by Newton Fund via UK Medical Research Council and South African Medical Research Council (July 2020-December 2023). This project is aimed to enable researchers to explore biodiverse rich habitats, deep oceans and polar environments for novel and natural compounds. It brings together scientists from the UK and South Africa, to establish an Antibiotic Accelerator Hub to significantly boost capacity for discovery of new antibiotics. As part of this project, Hub researcher from Rhodes University, Professor Rosemary Dorrington, will lead South African researchers to form the 'Natural product research network', alongside a UK research consortium led by Hub researcher at University of Plymouth, Professor Mathew Upton, with partners at the universities of Bristol, Leeds, St Andrews and Aberdeen. It is hoped that this collaboration will not only benefit healthcare globally but will also support the bio-economies of both South Africa and the UK, ensuring fair and equitable sharing of the benefits of any new drugs arising from the research with communities in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). The £1.9 million funding also includes £1.9 million includes £412,000 funding for a seed project, which will explore the diversity of antimicrobial peptides in South Africa to identify potential new antibiotics (See: https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/news/uk-nil-south-africa-research-team-to-establish-hub-for-discovery-of-new-antibiotics). As part of capacity strengthening, researchers from the University of Edinburgh contribute in expanding knowledge of offshore biodiversity by conducting research on cold-water coral reef growth and loss in a changing ocean through the development of online training, teaching and learning resources, video, and on-site training. The aim of the research is to predict future integrity of key deep-sea habitats (cold-water corals) and provide data also on cold-water coral reef growth and loss to inform the taxonomic atlas and ecosystem mapping. This collaboration has achieved demonstrable policy impacts. In June 2022, the Hub's deep-sea research ("One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4") was endorsed as an official Decade Action under the UN Ocean Science Decade's Challenger 150 programme. This is a collaboration between the University of Strathclyde, the University of Plymouth, the University of Namibia, SANBI and NMU. Under the Challenger 150 Programme, Hub researchers have supported deep-sea capacity development efforts through the establishment of a UN Decade African Network of Deep-water Researchers (for detailed information read also collaboration titled "MARINE HABITAT MAPPING IN THE SOUTH-EAST ATLANTIC"). Established in 2023 and led by Hub early-career researcher Dr Kirsty McQuaid (SANBI, South Africa and the University of Plymouth, UK), the African Network of Deep-water Researchers aims to connect researchers, skills, infrastructure and resources within Africa, and with a global community of deep-water researchers, to build on the continent's capacity for deep-water research in support of sustainable development. Open to African nationals globally and individuals in African institutions, the Network encompasses all disciplines related to deep-water (beyond 30m depth, excluding scuba diving) and is open to all sectors. To date, the Network comprises over 250 members from 27 African nations, representing over 140 institutions. 76% of members are self-identified Early Career Researchers (<10 years professional experience, following the global UN ECOP Programme). Although still in a development phase, key activities are anticipated to emphasise training, project development, knowledge exchange, and research initiatives. As a first step, the Network initiated a workshop series identifying practical actions to advance deep-water research and establish a framework for future activities (https://oneoceanhub.org/new-network-of-deep-water-researchers-aims-to-build-africas-capacity-for-deep-water-research/). In October 2023, the Hub has been endorsed as a UN Ocean Decade Implementing Partner, focusing on transdisciplinary research. Hub researchers at the University of Plymouth will present findings, experience and practices of the Hub deep-sea research at the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona, Spain in April 2024 as part of a satellite event titled "Deepening the Decade" to be held at the Banquet Hall of the Conference, Paris, France in April 2024 in collaboration with Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI) (see also a separate entry titled "Contributing to the UN Decade for Ocean Science"). As part of the efforts to strengthen deep-sea capacity building in Africa, in February 2023, Hub researcher Dr Kerry Sink (South Africa National Biodiversity Institute) and a team of marine scientists in South Africa embarked on a multi-institutional and multi-disciplinary offshore expedition to enhance the capacity of young southern African scientists and to collect data in outer shelf and deep-sea habitats. The cruise was funded by the Hub (https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-supported-deep-sea-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/). The main aim of the cruise was to develop the capacity of a team of young researchers who can work together to solve the challenges of offshore research and management. Research goals include the use of cutting-edge genetic research to detect environmental DNA of threatened species, exploring patterns in invertebrate and fish biodiversity with increasing depth and work to understand the drivers of these patterns in the dynamic high current environment of the Amathole Offshore Protected Area. The project also included innovative, social and cultural aspects that recognise the deep human connections with the ocean and the team are working on understanding the use of marine species in medicine and ritual practices, including the identification and mapping of Culturally Significant Areas in the coastal and ocean environment. The cruise was funded by the One Ocean Hub and it is an initiative of the Capacity Strengthening component of the Hub. In 2022, Hub researchers together with collaborators undertook a study to understand the challenges and solutions to develop capacity for deep-sea research and management in South Africa. One of the recommendations was to hold dedicated in-country expeditions using available or locally developed technology under local conditions. This can provide relevant opportunities for more researchers and is a valuable addition to the more common approach where one or two scientists are able to participate in an international expedition with equipment that is usually not available in-country. The research gear included a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV), deep-sea landers and oceanographic instruments. The ROV captures video and images and can collect biological samples using a manipulator arm. Researchers explored underwater caves and canyons and hope to find the elusive coelacanth which was first trawled off East London in South Africa in 1938 but since then has only been seen much further north of Pumula and Sodwana Bay in KwaZulu-Natal and in other countries in East Africa. Landers are remote underwater video stations that are baited and allow scientists to record fish, sharks and other deep-sea creatures attracted to the bait. Ten students from seven different universities and institutes participated in the cruise facilitated by the South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) and the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). This included the University of KwaZululu Natal, Rhodes University, Nelson Mandela University, and the University of Cape Town. Oceanography sediment and biodiversity data were collected to contribute to three Ph.D. studies and two Master's theses with additional collaborative publications spanning multiple disciplines underway by the group. The team relied on standard and new technology for ocean sampling using remote visual tools to obtain imagery of the seabed, Conductivity-Temperature-Depth profilers (CTDs) to measure changes in ocean variables with depth and conducted surveys of marine species used in medicine and ritual in East London. Technician JJ Forgus developed skills in collecting specimens from the depth using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) with a claw that can be used for targeted specimen samplings. SANBI emerging researcher gained experience as a Chief Scientist, a rare opportunity for a young scientist. The Hub's deep-sea capacity strengthening partnerships has also brought positive environmental impacts. The deep-sea cruise conducted in 2023, for example, involved the use of 29 remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives conducted by the team, two of these presented an opportunity for invertebrate samples to be collected, whilst some excellent footage of never-before-seen habitats, including deep-water canyons, sticky mud habitats, as well as creatures rarely witnessed in situ collected during the remaining dives (https://oneoceanhub.org/dedicated-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/). Two dredges and 18 sediment samples were achieved to gather invertebrate samples to be used in the Foundational Biodiversity Information Programme's (FBIP) SeaMap project recently awarded to the Egagasini Node of the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON). This project is aimed at developing South Africa's marine invertebrate DNA barcode catalogue and will also produce the country's first data-driven ecosystem map using species records from visual surveys. A total of ten deepsea lander deployments were accomplished, establishing the record for the deepest lander dive in South Africa thus far at a depth of 1036 meters. Pressures at these depths exceed 100 times those experienced at the surface, so not only are the creatures adapted to these conditions truly something to behold, but it is also testimony to the progress made in maritime engineering. Those involved in this enterprise made great strides in bringing Africa to the forefront of what is possible with deep-sea exploration. The expedition, which spanned 157 hours at sea, covered a total of 901 nautical miles. This collaboration has also brought positive social impacts. The Hub's researchers are investing in science communication and ocean literacy- a sharing of diverse sets of knowledge across knowledge types and knowledge holders including disciplines, groups and generations. Building ocean literacy is an ongoing process; one that will continue over the course of each scientist's journey, as the ocean and social systems we seek to protect are ever-changing. That is why a dynamic, integrated, and collaborative approach is needed for the sustainable and equitable management of our oceans. The capacity development and transdisciplinary components of the deep-sea expedition and the MzanSea ocean literacy project for example, sought to overcome the old narrative of separate sciences, to draw from the diverse pool of expertise created by the multiplicity of team members, so that learning could be facilitated, which better serves society and our seas. The deep-sea expedition conducted in 2023 contributed to the identification and mapping of Culturally Significant Areas in the coastal and ocean environment of South Africa. All the events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration - as outlined in the "outcomes section" - were attended by a total of 102,744 persons. The capacity strengthening collaboration under the Hub also has strengthened gender equality and inclusivity. All the Hub's capacity strengthening sessions were attended by predominantly women audience. On average over 60 per cent of participants in these evens were women. This speaks to the interests of women in this field and the need for capacity building for women. The co-directors of the Hub's deep-sea research programme, Prof Kerry Howell (University of Plymouth, UK) and Dr Kerry Sink (SANBI, South Africa) are female scientists. Around 50 per cent of Hub researchers involved in deep-sea research are female from different career stages, senior academics and early career researchers. The impact of this collaboration in strengthening gender equality and inclusivity is evident from the leadership of Dr Kirsty McQuaid in establishing the African Network of Deep-water Researchers and Safiyya Sedick who played a crucial role as the coordinating officer for the Hub funded deep-sea cruise in 2023.
Impact Further Funding: The SANBI/Rhodes collaboration which formed under the One Ocean Hub has led to a successful new project, funded by the South African National Research Foundation, titled 'Deep Connections'. Deep Connections is a 3-year project which will start in 2021 (see Further Funding). The Deep Connections project is a multi-disciplinary project that aims to build knowledge about offshore marine connectivity for inclusion in spatial assessment and prioritisation. This will be achieved by investigating genetic, species and ecosystem levels of biodiversity together with targeted geoscience and oceanographic research and innovative socio-cultural learning and knowledge co-production. This project builds on the transdisciplinary team working on related aspects through the One Ocean Hub and strives to help address current capacity shortfalls and gaps in spatial assessment and planning. The collaboration between Rhodes University and the University of Plymouth on biodiscovery has led to a new international research collaboration to discover and accelerate the development of new antibiotics namely 'Harnessing Natural Product Diversity to Combat Multidrug Resistance' which started in July 2020 and is scheduled to be finalised in September 2024 following no-cost extension for the project (see Further Funding) https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/news/uk-nil-south-africa-research-team-to-establish-hub-for-discovery-of-new-antibiotics Publications: • Howell, K; Hilrio, A; Allcock, L; Bailey, D; Baker, M; Clark, MR; Colaco, A;Copley, J; Cordes, E; Danovaro, R; Dissanayake, A; Escobar, E; Esquete, P; Gallagher, A; Gates, A; Gaudron, SM; German CR; Gjerde, KM; Higgs, ND; Le Bris, N; Levin, L; Manea, E; McClain, C; Menot, L; Mestre, N; Metaxas, A; Milligan R; Muthumbi, A; Narayanaswamy, B; Ramalho, S; Ramirez-Llodra, E; Robson, L; Rogers, A; Sellanes, J; Sigwart, J; Sink, K; Snelgrove, P.V.R; Stefanoudis, P; Sumida, P; Taylor, M; Thurber, A; Vieira R; Watanabe, HK; Woodall, L; Xavier, J. (2020). A decade to study deep-sea life. Nature Ecology & Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01352-5. • Howell K.L., Hilário A, Allcock, AL, Bailey DM., Baker M, Clark MR., Colaço A, C Jon, Cordes E E., Danovaro R, Dissanayake A, Escobar E, Esquete P, Gallagher AJ., Gates AR., Gaudron SM., German CR., Gjerde KM., Higgs ND., Le Bris N, Levin LA., Manea E, McClain C, Menot L, Mestre NC., Metaxas A, Milligan RJ., Muthumbi AWN., Narayanaswamy BE., Ramalho SP., Ramirez-Llodra E, Robson LM., Rogers AD., Sellanes J, Sigwart JD., Sink K, Snelgrove PV, Stefanoudis PV., Sumida PY., Taylor ML., Thurber AR., Vieira RP., Watanabe HK., Woodall LC., Xavier JR. (2020). A Blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea Ocean Decade Field Program. Frontiers in Marine Science https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861 • Worm, B; Elliff C; Fonseca JG; Gell FR; Gon'alves ACS; Helder N; Murray K; Peckham H; Prelovec L; Sink K. Making Ocean Literacy Inclusive and Accessible. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics https://doi.org/10.3354/esep00196 • Wynberg, R; Grorud-Colvert, K; Thambisetty, S; Bandarra, N.M; Can?rio, A.V.M; da Silva, J; Duarte, C.M; Jaspars, M; Rogers, A; Sink, K; Wabnitz, C.C.C. (2020). The ocean genome and future prospects for conservation and equity. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0522-9. • Morgera, E. (2018-19). "Fair and equitable benefit-sharing in a new international instrument on marine biodiversity: A principled approach towards partnership building?" 5 Maritime Safety and Security Law Journal 48-7. https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3234346 • Morgera E. (2020). Biodiversity as a Human Right and Its Implications for the EU as External Actor, published by European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/603491/EXPO_STU(2020)603491_EN.pdf • Morgera, E (2021) "The Relevance of the Human Right to Science for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: A New Legally Binding Instrument to Support Co-Production of Ocean Knowledge across Scales" in Vito De Lucia, Lan Nguyen and Alex G. Oude Elferink (eds), International Law and Marine Areas beyond National Jurisdiction: Current Status and Future Trends (Brill, Forthcoming). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3870399 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3870399 • Morgera E, McQuaid K, La Bianca G, Niner H, Shannon L, Strand M, Rees S, Howell K, Snow B, Lancaster AMSN & Sauer W. 2023. Addressing the Ocean-Climate Nexus in the BBNJ Agreement: Strategic Environmental Assessments, Human Rights and Equity in Ocean Science. The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38: 1-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10139. • Harden-Davies H, Amon DJ, Vierros M, Bax NJ, Hanich Q, Hills JM, Guilhon M, McQuaid KA, Mohammed E, Pouponneau A, Seto KL, Sink K, Talma S & Woodall L. 2022. Capacity development in the Ocean Decade and beyond: Key questions about meanings, motivations, pathways, and measurements. Earth System Governance 12: 100138. DOI: 10.1016/j.esg.2022.100138. Policy Brief How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/ Artistic product - DiepRespek: Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems film/video. Available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6kdnR2eXmgDiepRespek video was featured in a blog of the South Africa Deep-Sea Trawling Industry Association, which noted that the video was "spreading quickly among fishing crews working in South Africa's trawl fishery for hake.": https://www.sadstia.co.za/news/dieprespek-shines-a-fresh-light-on-vulnerable-marine-ecosystems/ - "The Indlela Yokuphila (the Soul Journey)." Available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNm-Yf8Dt10. The short film "Indlela Yokuphila" meaning "the Soul's journey" in Zulu was researched and narrated by Mpume Mthombeni (Empatheatre) and directed by Marc Moynihan (Shells & Spells) and Dr. Dylan McGarry (Empatheatre/Rhodes University), the film aims to make intangible ocean heritages more tangible in governance and education through animation and public dialogue, and return the sacred to our conversations around ocean wellbeing. Short films: - "From the bottom of the sea to the laboratory," available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPJ7935sOd0&t=12s - "Understanding the deep sea" short film, available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wUSOYfPOdDI. Blogposts: Baker M, Ramirez-Llodra E and Tyler P. (2020). "Natural Capital and Exploitation of the Deep Ocean." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/natural-capital-and-exploitation-of-the-deep-ocean/ Febrica S. (2021). "One Ocean Hub holds a "Deep-sea life summit"". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-one-ocean-hub-holds-a-deep-sea-life-summit/ Febrica S. (2020). "Calling for An Integrated Framework to Manage the High Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/calling-for-an-integrated-framework-to-manage-the-high-seas/ One Ocean Hub. (2021). MzanSea - Launcing an innovative ocean literacy website and children's activity book. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/MzanSea-an-innovative-ocean-literacy-project-launches-a-website-and-a-childrens-activity-book/ Lavelle J. (2021). "Towards a community of practice for equitable and sustainable marine biodiversity in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-a-community-of-practice-for-equitable-and-sustainable-marine-biodiscovery-in-south-africa/ Lavelle J. (2021). "New study on inclusive and equitable research and innovation in marine biodiscovery." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-study-on-inclusive-and-equitable-research-and-innovation-in-marine-biodiscovery/ Niner H and McQuaid K. (2021). "Defining the environmental impact assessment process for deep-sea mining." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/defining-the-environmental-impact-assessment-process-for-deep-sea-mining/ One Ocean Hub. (2020). "Focus on: Deep Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/focus-on-deep-sea/ One Ocean Hub. (2020). "Researchers' Contribution to the international negotiations on Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction Negotiation." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction-negotiation/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "New network of deep-water researchers aims to build Africa's capacity for deep-water research." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-network-of-deep-water-researchers-aims-to-build-africas-capacity-for-deep-water-research/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Deepening offshore research capacity in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-supported-deep-sea-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/ Wynberg R, Dorrington R, Upton M and Sink K. (2020). "Biodiscovery: Exploring the Science-Policy Interface in the One Ocean Hub." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/biodiscovery-exploring-the-science-policy-interface-in-the-one-ocean-hub/ One Ocean Hub. (2021). Challenges and solutions for deep-sea research and management in South Africa. Available from: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/ Website of MzanSea: https://MzanSea.org/ Report: Sink KJ, McQuaid K, Atkinson LJ, Palmer RM, Van der Heever G, Majiedt PA, Dunga LV, Currie JC, Adams R, Wahome M, Howell K & AW Patterson. 2021. Challenges and Solutions to develop capacity for Deep-sea Research and Management in South Africa. South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa, 35pp. Available: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/. Outcomes This partnership is working towards the specific outcome of increased research capacity in deep-sea knowledge, techniques and data (SDG 14A). Towards this outcome, the partnership has began a programme of deep-sea research methods training. They delivered training in benthic biodiversity data collection to 15 researchers and government scientists from both South Africa and Namibia in collaboration with the DOSI-Project. This has led to further collaboration to develop new Namibian Deep-Sea Benthic Collections with representatives of Namibia Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources in 2021 to now. Events carried out in 2021-2024. SANBI have participated and presented in all meetings of the South Africa Marine Spatial Planning Working Group. In addition, this working group benefitted from the new interdisciplinary connections developed under the One Ocean Hub: interdisciplinary input from the One Ocean Hub team was provided at an information session on "Marine spatial biodiversity priorities as an input into marine spatial planning", which took place on 22 October 2020, hosted by Biodiversity & Coastal Research Department of Environmental Affairs, Forestry and Fisheries (DEFF): Oceans and Coasts, South Africa Government. As an outcome of this meeting, members of the technical team of planners who inform environmental priorities in marine spatial planning have requested a follow-up meeting with Hub researchers to discuss key issues raised in 2021. The MzanSea team have presented to the Marine and Coastal Educators Network and are in discussion with members of this network from the three South Africa aquariums on the implementation of the MzanSea products. In December 2021, a new website of the MzanSea (see: https://MzanSea.org/) was launched. The MzanSea team also developed a children's activity book and a set of fact sheets. The MzanSea products also include elements about why and how to care for ocean ecosystems and also profiles young marine scientists studying different ecosystem types. The Indlela Yokuphila animation project was launched during the UN World Oceans Day in June 2023. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNm-Yf8Dt10). This event was attended by 34 attendees. It was already showcased at the following events: - "Indlela yokuphila (the path of life)," the UN World Ocean Week in June 2020 (here: https://bit.ly/3HXx2K1). This event was attended by 72 attendees. - "Climate-related conflict: arts-based mediation and recourse to redress," the One Ocean Hub joint side event with the Green Climate Fund in November 2021 for Climate COP26. This event was attended by 26 attendees (here: https://bit.ly/3i0MYk9). - "Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa," the UN World Oceans Day side-event with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance and the UNDOALOS on 9 June 2023 (here: https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-short-film-indlela-yokuphila-the-souls-journey-at-the-united-nations-world-ocean-week/). This event was attended by 26 attendees. - Mpume Mthombeni's talk at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration, 9 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs"the official UN World Oceans Day celebration at the UN Headquarters in New York (here: https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2-uSE26tnU&t=63s ). The event was attended by 350 in-person attendees and 102,000 online attendees, reaching 110 UN member states. This collaboration has also contributed in co-organising three webinars for the UN World Oceans Day 2020-2021. • Studying the Sea - Accessing Ocean Research Career: https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=Arwc_wTwsJ4. This event was attended by 76 attendees. ? "Inclusive Ocean Conservation: Innovations in Marine Spatial Planning," organized for the UN World Oceans Day 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mP4LU8_4KK8&t=2s. This event was attended by 29 persons. ? "Wonders of the Deep", organized for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvUJvqPB6is. This event was attended by 131 attendees. Disciplines involved in this collaboration: deep-sea science, sociology, anthropology, arts.
Start Year 2020
 
Description Capacity Strengthening and Connecting Knowledge Systems in the Deep Sea 
Organisation South African National Biodiversity Institute
Country South Africa 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution The interdisciplinary framework of the One Ocean Hub has brought together within South Africa, for the first time, deep-sea scientists (South Africa National Biodiversity Institute, University of Plymouth), sociologists (Rhodes University and University of Cape Town), artists (Rhodes University), and expertise in knowledge systems, ethics, and benefit sharing (University of Cape Town), together with expertise in ethical innovation and knowledge production at the University of Strathclyde, UK. This interdisciplinary team seeks to address two critical challenges fundamental in underpinning fair and equitable access to and benefit from deep sea ecosystems: 1. Building capacity to undertake research in the deep sea in low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC) countries There are historical barriers to wider global participation in offshore research. This has impact on the ability of all nations to participate in evidence-based decision-making on deep-sea areas within their jurisdictions and beyond. Widening participation in deep-sea science has therefore become a significant goal of the Hub. While planned cruises and research have initially been delayed by COVID and eventually been canceled because of the ODA budget cuts, the planning of the cruise for two years had nonetheless allowed the emergence of a more considered approach to the design of deep-sea science capacity-strengthening programme that will benefit researchers in future opportunities for international collaboration. 2. Integrating knowledge systems and learning from multiple conceptions of the deep sea, for holistic ocean literacy Understanding and surfacing different ways of knowing the deep sea, as well as decolonising the science of the Deep Sea, are critical steps in addressing issues of inequity in representation and participation in deep-sea research (including with indigenous knowledge systems). Integrating different ways of knowing and understanding the deep sea has become a key interdisciplinary focus for the Hub, working towards ocean literacy outputs informed by both science and indigenous knowledge systems. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations listed below are part of the Hub's original application: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; University of Edinburgh, UK; University of Plymouth, UK. • partner organisation based in the Global South: South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa. The new partnership generated by this collaboration includes: • research organization based in the Global South: University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa • partner organisation based in the Global South: South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), South Africa
Collaborator Contribution University of Strathclyde, University of Plymouth and South Africa National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI): Understanding the barriers to deep-sea science and research in a LMIC context. The team undertook a survey of deep-sea and marine scientists on Access to Marine Subject Area Education and Research to understand the barriers to deep-sea research and how LMIC country researchers can be better supported and included. The survey yielded evidence that supports the Hub approach: training on the use of equipment and inclusion on research cruises will be most impactful (as opposed to data sharing agreements, which are also valued). In addition, a campaign around ocean literacy that increases knowledge and interest in deep-science research careers will create a pipeline of future scientists and a populace that invests in it. This has further informed the design of the Hub's capacity-strengthening programme for deep-sea research, and ocean literacy at all levels. This has resulted in a public report that will inform the Hub's contributions to the UN Decade of Ocean Science and policy advice to ocean funders. Follow-up research will connect the report findings with new research on the human right to science and on the relevance of cultural heritage for deep-sea research. The capacity strengthening programme led by SANBI and University of Plymouth, in partnership with the Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI), involves the design and delivery of a programme of training across key aspects and skill areas of deep-sea research, targeted to researchers and government scientists, including in conducting the first benthic survey in Namibia. Partnership in marine benthic mapping has been reported separately under 'Partnership for Marine Habitat Mapping in the South-East Atlantic'. This partnership has delivered training in deep-sea taxonomy and species distribution modelling to South African scientists and students, and developed a new global platform to support identification of deep-sea animals. It has also supported initial steps in the establishment of a national benthic invertebrate monitoring programme in Namibia in support of MSC certification of the important Namibian Hake fishery. This has involved knowledge sharing between neighbouring South Africa and Namibia as well as between North and South Atlantic basins. In addition, a new partnership between the University of Rhodes and the University of Plymouth has been established focused on biodiscovery. The partnership is also collating undergraduate training materials in marine science to make available in a usable package to educators in higher education institutions across South Africa. SANBI also leads on engagement with the South Africa Government in increasing capacity for knowledge-based decision making for the marine ecosystem. As active members of the Marine Spatial Planning Working Group of the South Africa Government, SANBI are well placed to connect Hub outputs with key actors, and support capacity strengthening for implementation. South Africa National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) SANBI led on a Flexible Fund project titled 'MzanSea: Revealing South Africa's Marine Ecosystems', which was implemented in 2021. MzanSea aims to foster ocean literacy and provide resources for educators, students and decision makers. The project is a direct response to the outcomes emerging from the Marine and Coastal Educators Network (MCEN) conference in early 2020, which was the realisation of the limited knowledge and resources on marine ecosystems in general and deep ocean ecosystems in particular within South Africa. Educators themselves were not able to connect to these ecosystems and therefore neither were their students. Additionally, despite South Africa having 12 official languages, as far as we are aware there are no ocean educational resources in languages other than English or Afrikaans, thereby failing to reach a large proportion of people in South Africa. There is therefore a need for educational resources regarding marine ecosystems in South Africa in multiple languages. SANBI will lead on the production of a suite of resources revealing 14 marine ecosystem types suitable for learners from children to decision makers. These resources will also be translated into at least 3 coastal languages (Xhosa, Zulu, Afrikaans). Through the One Ocean Hub, the deep-sea science team behind MzanSea, have partnered with colleagues from Rhodes University Environmental Learning Research Centre, to expand MzanSea to include other forms of knowledge. Bridging the fields of marine science and marine sociology/anthropology, the researchers are collaborating at the intersection of cultural heritage and scientific heritage in describing at least 9 of the 14 marine ecosystems of South Africa, through both perspectives. This collaboration seeks to highlight the alignment between indigenous and scientific knowledge. The collaboration began as an output of early cultural heritage research by the Rhodes team, which produced the Indlela yokuphila Empatheatre animation project which offers a digital storytelling experience through animation that tells the story of the soul's journey through the oceans in Zulu traditional ancestral belief. This will now be worked into the MzanSea outputs to form a holistic package of ocean literacy materials. The SANBI/Rhodes University collaboration has expanded to include also colleagues at the University of Cape Town, to explore the intersection of scientific and indigenous knowledge in the context of the deep sea more broadly. This team have formed the 'Deep Knowing' working group. In this collaboration, the University of Cape Town, through a PhD research project, is examining the epistemological interactions and practical implications of working with different knowledge systems, specifically "Science" and "Indigenous Knowledge Systems". The group will also examine specific ethical questions (linked to the One Ocean Hub code of practice) - around representation, participation and working with indigenous/contextual/embodied ways of knowing in the context of deep-sea science. The resulting MzanSea website and resources (including a children's activity book) have been launched in 2022 and received early international recognition by being included in the resources of a new e-learning course produced by the UN Environment programme for 13-15 years old youth on children's human right to a healthy environment. University of Cape Town research on fair marine biodiscovery also provides substantial contribution to the partnership. On August 3rd, 2021, the Bio-economy Research Chair at the University of Cape Town in partnership with the One Ocean Hub hosted a webinar on marine biodiscovery in South Africa to bring together scientists, regulators and policymakers to present and discuss findings relating to the equitable and sustainable use of marine genetic resources. This stems from research conducted by Dr Jessica Lavelle and Professor Rachel Wynberg which explored historical and current activities relating to marine biodiscovery, its governance and existing (dis)connections in law, science and policy. The intention of the research is to explore opportunities for harmonising science and policy to enable approaches for equitable and sustainable marine biodiscovery in South Africa. The collaboration between Rhodes University and University of Plymouth on biodiscovery which formed under the One Ocean Hub has led to a development of a new project 'Harnessing Natural Product Diversity to Combat Multidrug Resistance'. The project is funded by Newton Fund via UK Medical Research Council and South African Medical Research Council (July 2020-December 2023). This project is aimed to enable researchers to explore biodiverse rich habitats, deep oceans and polar environments for novel and natural compounds. It brings together scientists from the UK and South Africa, to establish an Antibiotic Accelerator Hub to significantly boost capacity for discovery of new antibiotics. As part of this project, Hub researcher from Rhodes University, Professor Rosemary Dorrington, will lead South African researchers to form the 'Natural product research network', alongside a UK research consortium led by Hub researcher at University of Plymouth, Professor Mathew Upton, with partners at the universities of Bristol, Leeds, St Andrews and Aberdeen. It is hoped that this collaboration will not only benefit healthcare globally but will also support the bio-economies of both South Africa and the UK, ensuring fair and equitable sharing of the benefits of any new drugs arising from the research with communities in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). The £1.9 million funding also includes £1.9 million includes £412,000 funding for a seed project, which will explore the diversity of antimicrobial peptides in South Africa to identify potential new antibiotics (See: https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/news/uk-nil-south-africa-research-team-to-establish-hub-for-discovery-of-new-antibiotics). As part of capacity strengthening, researchers from the University of Edinburgh contribute in expanding knowledge of offshore biodiversity by conducting research on cold-water coral reef growth and loss in a changing ocean through the development of online training, teaching and learning resources, video, and on-site training. The aim of the research is to predict future integrity of key deep-sea habitats (cold-water corals) and provide data also on cold-water coral reef growth and loss to inform the taxonomic atlas and ecosystem mapping. This collaboration has achieved demonstrable policy impacts. In June 2022, the Hub's deep-sea research ("One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4") was endorsed as an official Decade Action under the UN Ocean Science Decade's Challenger 150 programme. This is a collaboration between the University of Strathclyde, the University of Plymouth, the University of Namibia, SANBI and NMU. Under the Challenger 150 Programme, Hub researchers have supported deep-sea capacity development efforts through the establishment of a UN Decade African Network of Deep-water Researchers (for detailed information read also collaboration titled "MARINE HABITAT MAPPING IN THE SOUTH-EAST ATLANTIC"). Established in 2023 and led by Hub early-career researcher Dr Kirsty McQuaid (SANBI, South Africa and the University of Plymouth, UK), the African Network of Deep-water Researchers aims to connect researchers, skills, infrastructure and resources within Africa, and with a global community of deep-water researchers, to build on the continent's capacity for deep-water research in support of sustainable development. Open to African nationals globally and individuals in African institutions, the Network encompasses all disciplines related to deep-water (beyond 30m depth, excluding scuba diving) and is open to all sectors. To date, the Network comprises over 250 members from 27 African nations, representing over 140 institutions. 76% of members are self-identified Early Career Researchers (<10 years professional experience, following the global UN ECOP Programme). Although still in a development phase, key activities are anticipated to emphasise training, project development, knowledge exchange, and research initiatives. As a first step, the Network initiated a workshop series identifying practical actions to advance deep-water research and establish a framework for future activities (https://oneoceanhub.org/new-network-of-deep-water-researchers-aims-to-build-africas-capacity-for-deep-water-research/). In October 2023, the Hub has been endorsed as a UN Ocean Decade Implementing Partner, focusing on transdisciplinary research. Hub researchers at the University of Plymouth will present findings, experience and practices of the Hub deep-sea research at the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona, Spain in April 2024 as part of a satellite event titled "Deepening the Decade" to be held at the Banquet Hall of the Conference, Paris, France in April 2024 in collaboration with Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI) (see also a separate entry titled "Contributing to the UN Decade for Ocean Science"). As part of the efforts to strengthen deep-sea capacity building in Africa, in February 2023, Hub researcher Dr Kerry Sink (South Africa National Biodiversity Institute) and a team of marine scientists in South Africa embarked on a multi-institutional and multi-disciplinary offshore expedition to enhance the capacity of young southern African scientists and to collect data in outer shelf and deep-sea habitats. The cruise was funded by the Hub (https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-supported-deep-sea-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/). The main aim of the cruise was to develop the capacity of a team of young researchers who can work together to solve the challenges of offshore research and management. Research goals include the use of cutting-edge genetic research to detect environmental DNA of threatened species, exploring patterns in invertebrate and fish biodiversity with increasing depth and work to understand the drivers of these patterns in the dynamic high current environment of the Amathole Offshore Protected Area. The project also included innovative, social and cultural aspects that recognise the deep human connections with the ocean and the team are working on understanding the use of marine species in medicine and ritual practices, including the identification and mapping of Culturally Significant Areas in the coastal and ocean environment. The cruise was funded by the One Ocean Hub and it is an initiative of the Capacity Strengthening component of the Hub. In 2022, Hub researchers together with collaborators undertook a study to understand the challenges and solutions to develop capacity for deep-sea research and management in South Africa. One of the recommendations was to hold dedicated in-country expeditions using available or locally developed technology under local conditions. This can provide relevant opportunities for more researchers and is a valuable addition to the more common approach where one or two scientists are able to participate in an international expedition with equipment that is usually not available in-country. The research gear included a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV), deep-sea landers and oceanographic instruments. The ROV captures video and images and can collect biological samples using a manipulator arm. Researchers explored underwater caves and canyons and hope to find the elusive coelacanth which was first trawled off East London in South Africa in 1938 but since then has only been seen much further north of Pumula and Sodwana Bay in KwaZulu-Natal and in other countries in East Africa. Landers are remote underwater video stations that are baited and allow scientists to record fish, sharks and other deep-sea creatures attracted to the bait. Ten students from seven different universities and institutes participated in the cruise facilitated by the South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) and the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). This included the University of KwaZululu Natal, Rhodes University, Nelson Mandela University, and the University of Cape Town. Oceanography sediment and biodiversity data were collected to contribute to three Ph.D. studies and two Master's theses with additional collaborative publications spanning multiple disciplines underway by the group. The team relied on standard and new technology for ocean sampling using remote visual tools to obtain imagery of the seabed, Conductivity-Temperature-Depth profilers (CTDs) to measure changes in ocean variables with depth and conducted surveys of marine species used in medicine and ritual in East London. Technician JJ Forgus developed skills in collecting specimens from the depth using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) with a claw that can be used for targeted specimen samplings. SANBI emerging researcher gained experience as a Chief Scientist, a rare opportunity for a young scientist. The Hub's deep-sea capacity strengthening partnerships has also brought positive environmental impacts. The deep-sea cruise conducted in 2023, for example, involved the use of 29 remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives conducted by the team, two of these presented an opportunity for invertebrate samples to be collected, whilst some excellent footage of never-before-seen habitats, including deep-water canyons, sticky mud habitats, as well as creatures rarely witnessed in situ collected during the remaining dives (https://oneoceanhub.org/dedicated-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/). Two dredges and 18 sediment samples were achieved to gather invertebrate samples to be used in the Foundational Biodiversity Information Programme's (FBIP) SeaMap project recently awarded to the Egagasini Node of the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON). This project is aimed at developing South Africa's marine invertebrate DNA barcode catalogue and will also produce the country's first data-driven ecosystem map using species records from visual surveys. A total of ten deepsea lander deployments were accomplished, establishing the record for the deepest lander dive in South Africa thus far at a depth of 1036 meters. Pressures at these depths exceed 100 times those experienced at the surface, so not only are the creatures adapted to these conditions truly something to behold, but it is also testimony to the progress made in maritime engineering. Those involved in this enterprise made great strides in bringing Africa to the forefront of what is possible with deep-sea exploration. The expedition, which spanned 157 hours at sea, covered a total of 901 nautical miles. This collaboration has also brought positive social impacts. The Hub's researchers are investing in science communication and ocean literacy- a sharing of diverse sets of knowledge across knowledge types and knowledge holders including disciplines, groups and generations. Building ocean literacy is an ongoing process; one that will continue over the course of each scientist's journey, as the ocean and social systems we seek to protect are ever-changing. That is why a dynamic, integrated, and collaborative approach is needed for the sustainable and equitable management of our oceans. The capacity development and transdisciplinary components of the deep-sea expedition and the MzanSea ocean literacy project for example, sought to overcome the old narrative of separate sciences, to draw from the diverse pool of expertise created by the multiplicity of team members, so that learning could be facilitated, which better serves society and our seas. The deep-sea expedition conducted in 2023 contributed to the identification and mapping of Culturally Significant Areas in the coastal and ocean environment of South Africa. All the events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration - as outlined in the "outcomes section" - were attended by a total of 102,744 persons. The capacity strengthening collaboration under the Hub also has strengthened gender equality and inclusivity. All the Hub's capacity strengthening sessions were attended by predominantly women audience. On average over 60 per cent of participants in these evens were women. This speaks to the interests of women in this field and the need for capacity building for women. The co-directors of the Hub's deep-sea research programme, Prof Kerry Howell (University of Plymouth, UK) and Dr Kerry Sink (SANBI, South Africa) are female scientists. Around 50 per cent of Hub researchers involved in deep-sea research are female from different career stages, senior academics and early career researchers. The impact of this collaboration in strengthening gender equality and inclusivity is evident from the leadership of Dr Kirsty McQuaid in establishing the African Network of Deep-water Researchers and Safiyya Sedick who played a crucial role as the coordinating officer for the Hub funded deep-sea cruise in 2023.
Impact Further Funding: The SANBI/Rhodes collaboration which formed under the One Ocean Hub has led to a successful new project, funded by the South African National Research Foundation, titled 'Deep Connections'. Deep Connections is a 3-year project which will start in 2021 (see Further Funding). The Deep Connections project is a multi-disciplinary project that aims to build knowledge about offshore marine connectivity for inclusion in spatial assessment and prioritisation. This will be achieved by investigating genetic, species and ecosystem levels of biodiversity together with targeted geoscience and oceanographic research and innovative socio-cultural learning and knowledge co-production. This project builds on the transdisciplinary team working on related aspects through the One Ocean Hub and strives to help address current capacity shortfalls and gaps in spatial assessment and planning. The collaboration between Rhodes University and the University of Plymouth on biodiscovery has led to a new international research collaboration to discover and accelerate the development of new antibiotics namely 'Harnessing Natural Product Diversity to Combat Multidrug Resistance' which started in July 2020 and is scheduled to be finalised in September 2024 following no-cost extension for the project (see Further Funding) https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/news/uk-nil-south-africa-research-team-to-establish-hub-for-discovery-of-new-antibiotics Publications: • Howell, K; Hilrio, A; Allcock, L; Bailey, D; Baker, M; Clark, MR; Colaco, A;Copley, J; Cordes, E; Danovaro, R; Dissanayake, A; Escobar, E; Esquete, P; Gallagher, A; Gates, A; Gaudron, SM; German CR; Gjerde, KM; Higgs, ND; Le Bris, N; Levin, L; Manea, E; McClain, C; Menot, L; Mestre, N; Metaxas, A; Milligan R; Muthumbi, A; Narayanaswamy, B; Ramalho, S; Ramirez-Llodra, E; Robson, L; Rogers, A; Sellanes, J; Sigwart, J; Sink, K; Snelgrove, P.V.R; Stefanoudis, P; Sumida, P; Taylor, M; Thurber, A; Vieira R; Watanabe, HK; Woodall, L; Xavier, J. (2020). A decade to study deep-sea life. Nature Ecology & Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01352-5. • Howell K.L., Hilário A, Allcock, AL, Bailey DM., Baker M, Clark MR., Colaço A, C Jon, Cordes E E., Danovaro R, Dissanayake A, Escobar E, Esquete P, Gallagher AJ., Gates AR., Gaudron SM., German CR., Gjerde KM., Higgs ND., Le Bris N, Levin LA., Manea E, McClain C, Menot L, Mestre NC., Metaxas A, Milligan RJ., Muthumbi AWN., Narayanaswamy BE., Ramalho SP., Ramirez-Llodra E, Robson LM., Rogers AD., Sellanes J, Sigwart JD., Sink K, Snelgrove PV, Stefanoudis PV., Sumida PY., Taylor ML., Thurber AR., Vieira RP., Watanabe HK., Woodall LC., Xavier JR. (2020). A Blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea Ocean Decade Field Program. Frontiers in Marine Science https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861 • Worm, B; Elliff C; Fonseca JG; Gell FR; Gon'alves ACS; Helder N; Murray K; Peckham H; Prelovec L; Sink K. Making Ocean Literacy Inclusive and Accessible. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics https://doi.org/10.3354/esep00196 • Wynberg, R; Grorud-Colvert, K; Thambisetty, S; Bandarra, N.M; Can?rio, A.V.M; da Silva, J; Duarte, C.M; Jaspars, M; Rogers, A; Sink, K; Wabnitz, C.C.C. (2020). The ocean genome and future prospects for conservation and equity. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0522-9. • Morgera, E. (2018-19). "Fair and equitable benefit-sharing in a new international instrument on marine biodiversity: A principled approach towards partnership building?" 5 Maritime Safety and Security Law Journal 48-7. https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3234346 • Morgera E. (2020). Biodiversity as a Human Right and Its Implications for the EU as External Actor, published by European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/603491/EXPO_STU(2020)603491_EN.pdf • Morgera, E (2021) "The Relevance of the Human Right to Science for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: A New Legally Binding Instrument to Support Co-Production of Ocean Knowledge across Scales" in Vito De Lucia, Lan Nguyen and Alex G. Oude Elferink (eds), International Law and Marine Areas beyond National Jurisdiction: Current Status and Future Trends (Brill, Forthcoming). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3870399 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3870399 • Morgera E, McQuaid K, La Bianca G, Niner H, Shannon L, Strand M, Rees S, Howell K, Snow B, Lancaster AMSN & Sauer W. 2023. Addressing the Ocean-Climate Nexus in the BBNJ Agreement: Strategic Environmental Assessments, Human Rights and Equity in Ocean Science. The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38: 1-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10139. • Harden-Davies H, Amon DJ, Vierros M, Bax NJ, Hanich Q, Hills JM, Guilhon M, McQuaid KA, Mohammed E, Pouponneau A, Seto KL, Sink K, Talma S & Woodall L. 2022. Capacity development in the Ocean Decade and beyond: Key questions about meanings, motivations, pathways, and measurements. Earth System Governance 12: 100138. DOI: 10.1016/j.esg.2022.100138. Policy Brief How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/ Artistic product - DiepRespek: Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems film/video. Available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6kdnR2eXmgDiepRespek video was featured in a blog of the South Africa Deep-Sea Trawling Industry Association, which noted that the video was "spreading quickly among fishing crews working in South Africa's trawl fishery for hake.": https://www.sadstia.co.za/news/dieprespek-shines-a-fresh-light-on-vulnerable-marine-ecosystems/ - "The Indlela Yokuphila (the Soul Journey)." Available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNm-Yf8Dt10. The short film "Indlela Yokuphila" meaning "the Soul's journey" in Zulu was researched and narrated by Mpume Mthombeni (Empatheatre) and directed by Marc Moynihan (Shells & Spells) and Dr. Dylan McGarry (Empatheatre/Rhodes University), the film aims to make intangible ocean heritages more tangible in governance and education through animation and public dialogue, and return the sacred to our conversations around ocean wellbeing. Short films: - "From the bottom of the sea to the laboratory," available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPJ7935sOd0&t=12s - "Understanding the deep sea" short film, available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wUSOYfPOdDI. Blogposts: Baker M, Ramirez-Llodra E and Tyler P. (2020). "Natural Capital and Exploitation of the Deep Ocean." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/natural-capital-and-exploitation-of-the-deep-ocean/ Febrica S. (2021). "One Ocean Hub holds a "Deep-sea life summit"". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-one-ocean-hub-holds-a-deep-sea-life-summit/ Febrica S. (2020). "Calling for An Integrated Framework to Manage the High Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/calling-for-an-integrated-framework-to-manage-the-high-seas/ One Ocean Hub. (2021). MzanSea - Launcing an innovative ocean literacy website and children's activity book. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/MzanSea-an-innovative-ocean-literacy-project-launches-a-website-and-a-childrens-activity-book/ Lavelle J. (2021). "Towards a community of practice for equitable and sustainable marine biodiversity in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-a-community-of-practice-for-equitable-and-sustainable-marine-biodiscovery-in-south-africa/ Lavelle J. (2021). "New study on inclusive and equitable research and innovation in marine biodiscovery." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-study-on-inclusive-and-equitable-research-and-innovation-in-marine-biodiscovery/ Niner H and McQuaid K. (2021). "Defining the environmental impact assessment process for deep-sea mining." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/defining-the-environmental-impact-assessment-process-for-deep-sea-mining/ One Ocean Hub. (2020). "Focus on: Deep Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/focus-on-deep-sea/ One Ocean Hub. (2020). "Researchers' Contribution to the international negotiations on Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction Negotiation." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction-negotiation/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "New network of deep-water researchers aims to build Africa's capacity for deep-water research." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-network-of-deep-water-researchers-aims-to-build-africas-capacity-for-deep-water-research/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Deepening offshore research capacity in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-supported-deep-sea-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/ Wynberg R, Dorrington R, Upton M and Sink K. (2020). "Biodiscovery: Exploring the Science-Policy Interface in the One Ocean Hub." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/biodiscovery-exploring-the-science-policy-interface-in-the-one-ocean-hub/ One Ocean Hub. (2021). Challenges and solutions for deep-sea research and management in South Africa. Available from: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/ Website of MzanSea: https://MzanSea.org/ Report: Sink KJ, McQuaid K, Atkinson LJ, Palmer RM, Van der Heever G, Majiedt PA, Dunga LV, Currie JC, Adams R, Wahome M, Howell K & AW Patterson. 2021. Challenges and Solutions to develop capacity for Deep-sea Research and Management in South Africa. South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa, 35pp. Available: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/. Outcomes This partnership is working towards the specific outcome of increased research capacity in deep-sea knowledge, techniques and data (SDG 14A). Towards this outcome, the partnership has began a programme of deep-sea research methods training. They delivered training in benthic biodiversity data collection to 15 researchers and government scientists from both South Africa and Namibia in collaboration with the DOSI-Project. This has led to further collaboration to develop new Namibian Deep-Sea Benthic Collections with representatives of Namibia Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources in 2021 to now. Events carried out in 2021-2024. SANBI have participated and presented in all meetings of the South Africa Marine Spatial Planning Working Group. In addition, this working group benefitted from the new interdisciplinary connections developed under the One Ocean Hub: interdisciplinary input from the One Ocean Hub team was provided at an information session on "Marine spatial biodiversity priorities as an input into marine spatial planning", which took place on 22 October 2020, hosted by Biodiversity & Coastal Research Department of Environmental Affairs, Forestry and Fisheries (DEFF): Oceans and Coasts, South Africa Government. As an outcome of this meeting, members of the technical team of planners who inform environmental priorities in marine spatial planning have requested a follow-up meeting with Hub researchers to discuss key issues raised in 2021. The MzanSea team have presented to the Marine and Coastal Educators Network and are in discussion with members of this network from the three South Africa aquariums on the implementation of the MzanSea products. In December 2021, a new website of the MzanSea (see: https://MzanSea.org/) was launched. The MzanSea team also developed a children's activity book and a set of fact sheets. The MzanSea products also include elements about why and how to care for ocean ecosystems and also profiles young marine scientists studying different ecosystem types. The Indlela Yokuphila animation project was launched during the UN World Oceans Day in June 2023. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNm-Yf8Dt10). This event was attended by 34 attendees. It was already showcased at the following events: - "Indlela yokuphila (the path of life)," the UN World Ocean Week in June 2020 (here: https://bit.ly/3HXx2K1). This event was attended by 72 attendees. - "Climate-related conflict: arts-based mediation and recourse to redress," the One Ocean Hub joint side event with the Green Climate Fund in November 2021 for Climate COP26. This event was attended by 26 attendees (here: https://bit.ly/3i0MYk9). - "Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa," the UN World Oceans Day side-event with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance and the UNDOALOS on 9 June 2023 (here: https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-short-film-indlela-yokuphila-the-souls-journey-at-the-united-nations-world-ocean-week/). This event was attended by 26 attendees. - Mpume Mthombeni's talk at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration, 9 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs"the official UN World Oceans Day celebration at the UN Headquarters in New York (here: https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2-uSE26tnU&t=63s ). The event was attended by 350 in-person attendees and 102,000 online attendees, reaching 110 UN member states. This collaboration has also contributed in co-organising three webinars for the UN World Oceans Day 2020-2021. • Studying the Sea - Accessing Ocean Research Career: https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=Arwc_wTwsJ4. This event was attended by 76 attendees. ? "Inclusive Ocean Conservation: Innovations in Marine Spatial Planning," organized for the UN World Oceans Day 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mP4LU8_4KK8&t=2s. This event was attended by 29 persons. ? "Wonders of the Deep", organized for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvUJvqPB6is. This event was attended by 131 attendees. Disciplines involved in this collaboration: deep-sea science, sociology, anthropology, arts.
Start Year 2020
 
Description Capacity Strengthening and Connecting Knowledge Systems in the Deep Sea 
Organisation University of Cape Town
Country South Africa 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The interdisciplinary framework of the One Ocean Hub has brought together within South Africa, for the first time, deep-sea scientists (South Africa National Biodiversity Institute, University of Plymouth), sociologists (Rhodes University and University of Cape Town), artists (Rhodes University), and expertise in knowledge systems, ethics, and benefit sharing (University of Cape Town), together with expertise in ethical innovation and knowledge production at the University of Strathclyde, UK. This interdisciplinary team seeks to address two critical challenges fundamental in underpinning fair and equitable access to and benefit from deep sea ecosystems: 1. Building capacity to undertake research in the deep sea in low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC) countries There are historical barriers to wider global participation in offshore research. This has impact on the ability of all nations to participate in evidence-based decision-making on deep-sea areas within their jurisdictions and beyond. Widening participation in deep-sea science has therefore become a significant goal of the Hub. While planned cruises and research have initially been delayed by COVID and eventually been canceled because of the ODA budget cuts, the planning of the cruise for two years had nonetheless allowed the emergence of a more considered approach to the design of deep-sea science capacity-strengthening programme that will benefit researchers in future opportunities for international collaboration. 2. Integrating knowledge systems and learning from multiple conceptions of the deep sea, for holistic ocean literacy Understanding and surfacing different ways of knowing the deep sea, as well as decolonising the science of the Deep Sea, are critical steps in addressing issues of inequity in representation and participation in deep-sea research (including with indigenous knowledge systems). Integrating different ways of knowing and understanding the deep sea has become a key interdisciplinary focus for the Hub, working towards ocean literacy outputs informed by both science and indigenous knowledge systems. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations listed below are part of the Hub's original application: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; University of Edinburgh, UK; University of Plymouth, UK. • partner organisation based in the Global South: South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa. The new partnership generated by this collaboration includes: • research organization based in the Global South: University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa • partner organisation based in the Global South: South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), South Africa
Collaborator Contribution University of Strathclyde, University of Plymouth and South Africa National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI): Understanding the barriers to deep-sea science and research in a LMIC context. The team undertook a survey of deep-sea and marine scientists on Access to Marine Subject Area Education and Research to understand the barriers to deep-sea research and how LMIC country researchers can be better supported and included. The survey yielded evidence that supports the Hub approach: training on the use of equipment and inclusion on research cruises will be most impactful (as opposed to data sharing agreements, which are also valued). In addition, a campaign around ocean literacy that increases knowledge and interest in deep-science research careers will create a pipeline of future scientists and a populace that invests in it. This has further informed the design of the Hub's capacity-strengthening programme for deep-sea research, and ocean literacy at all levels. This has resulted in a public report that will inform the Hub's contributions to the UN Decade of Ocean Science and policy advice to ocean funders. Follow-up research will connect the report findings with new research on the human right to science and on the relevance of cultural heritage for deep-sea research. The capacity strengthening programme led by SANBI and University of Plymouth, in partnership with the Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI), involves the design and delivery of a programme of training across key aspects and skill areas of deep-sea research, targeted to researchers and government scientists, including in conducting the first benthic survey in Namibia. Partnership in marine benthic mapping has been reported separately under 'Partnership for Marine Habitat Mapping in the South-East Atlantic'. This partnership has delivered training in deep-sea taxonomy and species distribution modelling to South African scientists and students, and developed a new global platform to support identification of deep-sea animals. It has also supported initial steps in the establishment of a national benthic invertebrate monitoring programme in Namibia in support of MSC certification of the important Namibian Hake fishery. This has involved knowledge sharing between neighbouring South Africa and Namibia as well as between North and South Atlantic basins. In addition, a new partnership between the University of Rhodes and the University of Plymouth has been established focused on biodiscovery. The partnership is also collating undergraduate training materials in marine science to make available in a usable package to educators in higher education institutions across South Africa. SANBI also leads on engagement with the South Africa Government in increasing capacity for knowledge-based decision making for the marine ecosystem. As active members of the Marine Spatial Planning Working Group of the South Africa Government, SANBI are well placed to connect Hub outputs with key actors, and support capacity strengthening for implementation. South Africa National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) SANBI led on a Flexible Fund project titled 'MzanSea: Revealing South Africa's Marine Ecosystems', which was implemented in 2021. MzanSea aims to foster ocean literacy and provide resources for educators, students and decision makers. The project is a direct response to the outcomes emerging from the Marine and Coastal Educators Network (MCEN) conference in early 2020, which was the realisation of the limited knowledge and resources on marine ecosystems in general and deep ocean ecosystems in particular within South Africa. Educators themselves were not able to connect to these ecosystems and therefore neither were their students. Additionally, despite South Africa having 12 official languages, as far as we are aware there are no ocean educational resources in languages other than English or Afrikaans, thereby failing to reach a large proportion of people in South Africa. There is therefore a need for educational resources regarding marine ecosystems in South Africa in multiple languages. SANBI will lead on the production of a suite of resources revealing 14 marine ecosystem types suitable for learners from children to decision makers. These resources will also be translated into at least 3 coastal languages (Xhosa, Zulu, Afrikaans). Through the One Ocean Hub, the deep-sea science team behind MzanSea, have partnered with colleagues from Rhodes University Environmental Learning Research Centre, to expand MzanSea to include other forms of knowledge. Bridging the fields of marine science and marine sociology/anthropology, the researchers are collaborating at the intersection of cultural heritage and scientific heritage in describing at least 9 of the 14 marine ecosystems of South Africa, through both perspectives. This collaboration seeks to highlight the alignment between indigenous and scientific knowledge. The collaboration began as an output of early cultural heritage research by the Rhodes team, which produced the Indlela yokuphila Empatheatre animation project which offers a digital storytelling experience through animation that tells the story of the soul's journey through the oceans in Zulu traditional ancestral belief. This will now be worked into the MzanSea outputs to form a holistic package of ocean literacy materials. The SANBI/Rhodes University collaboration has expanded to include also colleagues at the University of Cape Town, to explore the intersection of scientific and indigenous knowledge in the context of the deep sea more broadly. This team have formed the 'Deep Knowing' working group. In this collaboration, the University of Cape Town, through a PhD research project, is examining the epistemological interactions and practical implications of working with different knowledge systems, specifically "Science" and "Indigenous Knowledge Systems". The group will also examine specific ethical questions (linked to the One Ocean Hub code of practice) - around representation, participation and working with indigenous/contextual/embodied ways of knowing in the context of deep-sea science. The resulting MzanSea website and resources (including a children's activity book) have been launched in 2022 and received early international recognition by being included in the resources of a new e-learning course produced by the UN Environment programme for 13-15 years old youth on children's human right to a healthy environment. University of Cape Town research on fair marine biodiscovery also provides substantial contribution to the partnership. On August 3rd, 2021, the Bio-economy Research Chair at the University of Cape Town in partnership with the One Ocean Hub hosted a webinar on marine biodiscovery in South Africa to bring together scientists, regulators and policymakers to present and discuss findings relating to the equitable and sustainable use of marine genetic resources. This stems from research conducted by Dr Jessica Lavelle and Professor Rachel Wynberg which explored historical and current activities relating to marine biodiscovery, its governance and existing (dis)connections in law, science and policy. The intention of the research is to explore opportunities for harmonising science and policy to enable approaches for equitable and sustainable marine biodiscovery in South Africa. The collaboration between Rhodes University and University of Plymouth on biodiscovery which formed under the One Ocean Hub has led to a development of a new project 'Harnessing Natural Product Diversity to Combat Multidrug Resistance'. The project is funded by Newton Fund via UK Medical Research Council and South African Medical Research Council (July 2020-December 2023). This project is aimed to enable researchers to explore biodiverse rich habitats, deep oceans and polar environments for novel and natural compounds. It brings together scientists from the UK and South Africa, to establish an Antibiotic Accelerator Hub to significantly boost capacity for discovery of new antibiotics. As part of this project, Hub researcher from Rhodes University, Professor Rosemary Dorrington, will lead South African researchers to form the 'Natural product research network', alongside a UK research consortium led by Hub researcher at University of Plymouth, Professor Mathew Upton, with partners at the universities of Bristol, Leeds, St Andrews and Aberdeen. It is hoped that this collaboration will not only benefit healthcare globally but will also support the bio-economies of both South Africa and the UK, ensuring fair and equitable sharing of the benefits of any new drugs arising from the research with communities in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). The £1.9 million funding also includes £1.9 million includes £412,000 funding for a seed project, which will explore the diversity of antimicrobial peptides in South Africa to identify potential new antibiotics (See: https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/news/uk-nil-south-africa-research-team-to-establish-hub-for-discovery-of-new-antibiotics). As part of capacity strengthening, researchers from the University of Edinburgh contribute in expanding knowledge of offshore biodiversity by conducting research on cold-water coral reef growth and loss in a changing ocean through the development of online training, teaching and learning resources, video, and on-site training. The aim of the research is to predict future integrity of key deep-sea habitats (cold-water corals) and provide data also on cold-water coral reef growth and loss to inform the taxonomic atlas and ecosystem mapping. This collaboration has achieved demonstrable policy impacts. In June 2022, the Hub's deep-sea research ("One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4") was endorsed as an official Decade Action under the UN Ocean Science Decade's Challenger 150 programme. This is a collaboration between the University of Strathclyde, the University of Plymouth, the University of Namibia, SANBI and NMU. Under the Challenger 150 Programme, Hub researchers have supported deep-sea capacity development efforts through the establishment of a UN Decade African Network of Deep-water Researchers (for detailed information read also collaboration titled "MARINE HABITAT MAPPING IN THE SOUTH-EAST ATLANTIC"). Established in 2023 and led by Hub early-career researcher Dr Kirsty McQuaid (SANBI, South Africa and the University of Plymouth, UK), the African Network of Deep-water Researchers aims to connect researchers, skills, infrastructure and resources within Africa, and with a global community of deep-water researchers, to build on the continent's capacity for deep-water research in support of sustainable development. Open to African nationals globally and individuals in African institutions, the Network encompasses all disciplines related to deep-water (beyond 30m depth, excluding scuba diving) and is open to all sectors. To date, the Network comprises over 250 members from 27 African nations, representing over 140 institutions. 76% of members are self-identified Early Career Researchers (<10 years professional experience, following the global UN ECOP Programme). Although still in a development phase, key activities are anticipated to emphasise training, project development, knowledge exchange, and research initiatives. As a first step, the Network initiated a workshop series identifying practical actions to advance deep-water research and establish a framework for future activities (https://oneoceanhub.org/new-network-of-deep-water-researchers-aims-to-build-africas-capacity-for-deep-water-research/). In October 2023, the Hub has been endorsed as a UN Ocean Decade Implementing Partner, focusing on transdisciplinary research. Hub researchers at the University of Plymouth will present findings, experience and practices of the Hub deep-sea research at the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona, Spain in April 2024 as part of a satellite event titled "Deepening the Decade" to be held at the Banquet Hall of the Conference, Paris, France in April 2024 in collaboration with Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI) (see also a separate entry titled "Contributing to the UN Decade for Ocean Science"). As part of the efforts to strengthen deep-sea capacity building in Africa, in February 2023, Hub researcher Dr Kerry Sink (South Africa National Biodiversity Institute) and a team of marine scientists in South Africa embarked on a multi-institutional and multi-disciplinary offshore expedition to enhance the capacity of young southern African scientists and to collect data in outer shelf and deep-sea habitats. The cruise was funded by the Hub (https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-supported-deep-sea-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/). The main aim of the cruise was to develop the capacity of a team of young researchers who can work together to solve the challenges of offshore research and management. Research goals include the use of cutting-edge genetic research to detect environmental DNA of threatened species, exploring patterns in invertebrate and fish biodiversity with increasing depth and work to understand the drivers of these patterns in the dynamic high current environment of the Amathole Offshore Protected Area. The project also included innovative, social and cultural aspects that recognise the deep human connections with the ocean and the team are working on understanding the use of marine species in medicine and ritual practices, including the identification and mapping of Culturally Significant Areas in the coastal and ocean environment. The cruise was funded by the One Ocean Hub and it is an initiative of the Capacity Strengthening component of the Hub. In 2022, Hub researchers together with collaborators undertook a study to understand the challenges and solutions to develop capacity for deep-sea research and management in South Africa. One of the recommendations was to hold dedicated in-country expeditions using available or locally developed technology under local conditions. This can provide relevant opportunities for more researchers and is a valuable addition to the more common approach where one or two scientists are able to participate in an international expedition with equipment that is usually not available in-country. The research gear included a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV), deep-sea landers and oceanographic instruments. The ROV captures video and images and can collect biological samples using a manipulator arm. Researchers explored underwater caves and canyons and hope to find the elusive coelacanth which was first trawled off East London in South Africa in 1938 but since then has only been seen much further north of Pumula and Sodwana Bay in KwaZulu-Natal and in other countries in East Africa. Landers are remote underwater video stations that are baited and allow scientists to record fish, sharks and other deep-sea creatures attracted to the bait. Ten students from seven different universities and institutes participated in the cruise facilitated by the South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) and the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). This included the University of KwaZululu Natal, Rhodes University, Nelson Mandela University, and the University of Cape Town. Oceanography sediment and biodiversity data were collected to contribute to three Ph.D. studies and two Master's theses with additional collaborative publications spanning multiple disciplines underway by the group. The team relied on standard and new technology for ocean sampling using remote visual tools to obtain imagery of the seabed, Conductivity-Temperature-Depth profilers (CTDs) to measure changes in ocean variables with depth and conducted surveys of marine species used in medicine and ritual in East London. Technician JJ Forgus developed skills in collecting specimens from the depth using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) with a claw that can be used for targeted specimen samplings. SANBI emerging researcher gained experience as a Chief Scientist, a rare opportunity for a young scientist. The Hub's deep-sea capacity strengthening partnerships has also brought positive environmental impacts. The deep-sea cruise conducted in 2023, for example, involved the use of 29 remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives conducted by the team, two of these presented an opportunity for invertebrate samples to be collected, whilst some excellent footage of never-before-seen habitats, including deep-water canyons, sticky mud habitats, as well as creatures rarely witnessed in situ collected during the remaining dives (https://oneoceanhub.org/dedicated-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/). Two dredges and 18 sediment samples were achieved to gather invertebrate samples to be used in the Foundational Biodiversity Information Programme's (FBIP) SeaMap project recently awarded to the Egagasini Node of the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON). This project is aimed at developing South Africa's marine invertebrate DNA barcode catalogue and will also produce the country's first data-driven ecosystem map using species records from visual surveys. A total of ten deepsea lander deployments were accomplished, establishing the record for the deepest lander dive in South Africa thus far at a depth of 1036 meters. Pressures at these depths exceed 100 times those experienced at the surface, so not only are the creatures adapted to these conditions truly something to behold, but it is also testimony to the progress made in maritime engineering. Those involved in this enterprise made great strides in bringing Africa to the forefront of what is possible with deep-sea exploration. The expedition, which spanned 157 hours at sea, covered a total of 901 nautical miles. This collaboration has also brought positive social impacts. The Hub's researchers are investing in science communication and ocean literacy- a sharing of diverse sets of knowledge across knowledge types and knowledge holders including disciplines, groups and generations. Building ocean literacy is an ongoing process; one that will continue over the course of each scientist's journey, as the ocean and social systems we seek to protect are ever-changing. That is why a dynamic, integrated, and collaborative approach is needed for the sustainable and equitable management of our oceans. The capacity development and transdisciplinary components of the deep-sea expedition and the MzanSea ocean literacy project for example, sought to overcome the old narrative of separate sciences, to draw from the diverse pool of expertise created by the multiplicity of team members, so that learning could be facilitated, which better serves society and our seas. The deep-sea expedition conducted in 2023 contributed to the identification and mapping of Culturally Significant Areas in the coastal and ocean environment of South Africa. All the events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration - as outlined in the "outcomes section" - were attended by a total of 102,744 persons. The capacity strengthening collaboration under the Hub also has strengthened gender equality and inclusivity. All the Hub's capacity strengthening sessions were attended by predominantly women audience. On average over 60 per cent of participants in these evens were women. This speaks to the interests of women in this field and the need for capacity building for women. The co-directors of the Hub's deep-sea research programme, Prof Kerry Howell (University of Plymouth, UK) and Dr Kerry Sink (SANBI, South Africa) are female scientists. Around 50 per cent of Hub researchers involved in deep-sea research are female from different career stages, senior academics and early career researchers. The impact of this collaboration in strengthening gender equality and inclusivity is evident from the leadership of Dr Kirsty McQuaid in establishing the African Network of Deep-water Researchers and Safiyya Sedick who played a crucial role as the coordinating officer for the Hub funded deep-sea cruise in 2023.
Impact Further Funding: The SANBI/Rhodes collaboration which formed under the One Ocean Hub has led to a successful new project, funded by the South African National Research Foundation, titled 'Deep Connections'. Deep Connections is a 3-year project which will start in 2021 (see Further Funding). The Deep Connections project is a multi-disciplinary project that aims to build knowledge about offshore marine connectivity for inclusion in spatial assessment and prioritisation. This will be achieved by investigating genetic, species and ecosystem levels of biodiversity together with targeted geoscience and oceanographic research and innovative socio-cultural learning and knowledge co-production. This project builds on the transdisciplinary team working on related aspects through the One Ocean Hub and strives to help address current capacity shortfalls and gaps in spatial assessment and planning. The collaboration between Rhodes University and the University of Plymouth on biodiscovery has led to a new international research collaboration to discover and accelerate the development of new antibiotics namely 'Harnessing Natural Product Diversity to Combat Multidrug Resistance' which started in July 2020 and is scheduled to be finalised in September 2024 following no-cost extension for the project (see Further Funding) https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/news/uk-nil-south-africa-research-team-to-establish-hub-for-discovery-of-new-antibiotics Publications: • Howell, K; Hilrio, A; Allcock, L; Bailey, D; Baker, M; Clark, MR; Colaco, A;Copley, J; Cordes, E; Danovaro, R; Dissanayake, A; Escobar, E; Esquete, P; Gallagher, A; Gates, A; Gaudron, SM; German CR; Gjerde, KM; Higgs, ND; Le Bris, N; Levin, L; Manea, E; McClain, C; Menot, L; Mestre, N; Metaxas, A; Milligan R; Muthumbi, A; Narayanaswamy, B; Ramalho, S; Ramirez-Llodra, E; Robson, L; Rogers, A; Sellanes, J; Sigwart, J; Sink, K; Snelgrove, P.V.R; Stefanoudis, P; Sumida, P; Taylor, M; Thurber, A; Vieira R; Watanabe, HK; Woodall, L; Xavier, J. (2020). A decade to study deep-sea life. Nature Ecology & Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01352-5. • Howell K.L., Hilário A, Allcock, AL, Bailey DM., Baker M, Clark MR., Colaço A, C Jon, Cordes E E., Danovaro R, Dissanayake A, Escobar E, Esquete P, Gallagher AJ., Gates AR., Gaudron SM., German CR., Gjerde KM., Higgs ND., Le Bris N, Levin LA., Manea E, McClain C, Menot L, Mestre NC., Metaxas A, Milligan RJ., Muthumbi AWN., Narayanaswamy BE., Ramalho SP., Ramirez-Llodra E, Robson LM., Rogers AD., Sellanes J, Sigwart JD., Sink K, Snelgrove PV, Stefanoudis PV., Sumida PY., Taylor ML., Thurber AR., Vieira RP., Watanabe HK., Woodall LC., Xavier JR. (2020). A Blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea Ocean Decade Field Program. Frontiers in Marine Science https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861 • Worm, B; Elliff C; Fonseca JG; Gell FR; Gon'alves ACS; Helder N; Murray K; Peckham H; Prelovec L; Sink K. Making Ocean Literacy Inclusive and Accessible. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics https://doi.org/10.3354/esep00196 • Wynberg, R; Grorud-Colvert, K; Thambisetty, S; Bandarra, N.M; Can?rio, A.V.M; da Silva, J; Duarte, C.M; Jaspars, M; Rogers, A; Sink, K; Wabnitz, C.C.C. (2020). The ocean genome and future prospects for conservation and equity. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0522-9. • Morgera, E. (2018-19). "Fair and equitable benefit-sharing in a new international instrument on marine biodiversity: A principled approach towards partnership building?" 5 Maritime Safety and Security Law Journal 48-7. https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3234346 • Morgera E. (2020). Biodiversity as a Human Right and Its Implications for the EU as External Actor, published by European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/603491/EXPO_STU(2020)603491_EN.pdf • Morgera, E (2021) "The Relevance of the Human Right to Science for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: A New Legally Binding Instrument to Support Co-Production of Ocean Knowledge across Scales" in Vito De Lucia, Lan Nguyen and Alex G. Oude Elferink (eds), International Law and Marine Areas beyond National Jurisdiction: Current Status and Future Trends (Brill, Forthcoming). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3870399 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3870399 • Morgera E, McQuaid K, La Bianca G, Niner H, Shannon L, Strand M, Rees S, Howell K, Snow B, Lancaster AMSN & Sauer W. 2023. Addressing the Ocean-Climate Nexus in the BBNJ Agreement: Strategic Environmental Assessments, Human Rights and Equity in Ocean Science. The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38: 1-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10139. • Harden-Davies H, Amon DJ, Vierros M, Bax NJ, Hanich Q, Hills JM, Guilhon M, McQuaid KA, Mohammed E, Pouponneau A, Seto KL, Sink K, Talma S & Woodall L. 2022. Capacity development in the Ocean Decade and beyond: Key questions about meanings, motivations, pathways, and measurements. Earth System Governance 12: 100138. DOI: 10.1016/j.esg.2022.100138. Policy Brief How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/ Artistic product - DiepRespek: Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems film/video. Available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6kdnR2eXmgDiepRespek video was featured in a blog of the South Africa Deep-Sea Trawling Industry Association, which noted that the video was "spreading quickly among fishing crews working in South Africa's trawl fishery for hake.": https://www.sadstia.co.za/news/dieprespek-shines-a-fresh-light-on-vulnerable-marine-ecosystems/ - "The Indlela Yokuphila (the Soul Journey)." Available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNm-Yf8Dt10. The short film "Indlela Yokuphila" meaning "the Soul's journey" in Zulu was researched and narrated by Mpume Mthombeni (Empatheatre) and directed by Marc Moynihan (Shells & Spells) and Dr. Dylan McGarry (Empatheatre/Rhodes University), the film aims to make intangible ocean heritages more tangible in governance and education through animation and public dialogue, and return the sacred to our conversations around ocean wellbeing. Short films: - "From the bottom of the sea to the laboratory," available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPJ7935sOd0&t=12s - "Understanding the deep sea" short film, available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wUSOYfPOdDI. Blogposts: Baker M, Ramirez-Llodra E and Tyler P. (2020). "Natural Capital and Exploitation of the Deep Ocean." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/natural-capital-and-exploitation-of-the-deep-ocean/ Febrica S. (2021). "One Ocean Hub holds a "Deep-sea life summit"". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-one-ocean-hub-holds-a-deep-sea-life-summit/ Febrica S. (2020). "Calling for An Integrated Framework to Manage the High Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/calling-for-an-integrated-framework-to-manage-the-high-seas/ One Ocean Hub. (2021). MzanSea - Launcing an innovative ocean literacy website and children's activity book. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/MzanSea-an-innovative-ocean-literacy-project-launches-a-website-and-a-childrens-activity-book/ Lavelle J. (2021). "Towards a community of practice for equitable and sustainable marine biodiversity in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-a-community-of-practice-for-equitable-and-sustainable-marine-biodiscovery-in-south-africa/ Lavelle J. (2021). "New study on inclusive and equitable research and innovation in marine biodiscovery." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-study-on-inclusive-and-equitable-research-and-innovation-in-marine-biodiscovery/ Niner H and McQuaid K. (2021). "Defining the environmental impact assessment process for deep-sea mining." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/defining-the-environmental-impact-assessment-process-for-deep-sea-mining/ One Ocean Hub. (2020). "Focus on: Deep Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/focus-on-deep-sea/ One Ocean Hub. (2020). "Researchers' Contribution to the international negotiations on Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction Negotiation." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction-negotiation/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "New network of deep-water researchers aims to build Africa's capacity for deep-water research." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-network-of-deep-water-researchers-aims-to-build-africas-capacity-for-deep-water-research/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Deepening offshore research capacity in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-supported-deep-sea-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/ Wynberg R, Dorrington R, Upton M and Sink K. (2020). "Biodiscovery: Exploring the Science-Policy Interface in the One Ocean Hub." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/biodiscovery-exploring-the-science-policy-interface-in-the-one-ocean-hub/ One Ocean Hub. (2021). Challenges and solutions for deep-sea research and management in South Africa. Available from: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/ Website of MzanSea: https://MzanSea.org/ Report: Sink KJ, McQuaid K, Atkinson LJ, Palmer RM, Van der Heever G, Majiedt PA, Dunga LV, Currie JC, Adams R, Wahome M, Howell K & AW Patterson. 2021. Challenges and Solutions to develop capacity for Deep-sea Research and Management in South Africa. South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa, 35pp. Available: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/. Outcomes This partnership is working towards the specific outcome of increased research capacity in deep-sea knowledge, techniques and data (SDG 14A). Towards this outcome, the partnership has began a programme of deep-sea research methods training. They delivered training in benthic biodiversity data collection to 15 researchers and government scientists from both South Africa and Namibia in collaboration with the DOSI-Project. This has led to further collaboration to develop new Namibian Deep-Sea Benthic Collections with representatives of Namibia Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources in 2021 to now. Events carried out in 2021-2024. SANBI have participated and presented in all meetings of the South Africa Marine Spatial Planning Working Group. In addition, this working group benefitted from the new interdisciplinary connections developed under the One Ocean Hub: interdisciplinary input from the One Ocean Hub team was provided at an information session on "Marine spatial biodiversity priorities as an input into marine spatial planning", which took place on 22 October 2020, hosted by Biodiversity & Coastal Research Department of Environmental Affairs, Forestry and Fisheries (DEFF): Oceans and Coasts, South Africa Government. As an outcome of this meeting, members of the technical team of planners who inform environmental priorities in marine spatial planning have requested a follow-up meeting with Hub researchers to discuss key issues raised in 2021. The MzanSea team have presented to the Marine and Coastal Educators Network and are in discussion with members of this network from the three South Africa aquariums on the implementation of the MzanSea products. In December 2021, a new website of the MzanSea (see: https://MzanSea.org/) was launched. The MzanSea team also developed a children's activity book and a set of fact sheets. The MzanSea products also include elements about why and how to care for ocean ecosystems and also profiles young marine scientists studying different ecosystem types. The Indlela Yokuphila animation project was launched during the UN World Oceans Day in June 2023. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNm-Yf8Dt10). This event was attended by 34 attendees. It was already showcased at the following events: - "Indlela yokuphila (the path of life)," the UN World Ocean Week in June 2020 (here: https://bit.ly/3HXx2K1). This event was attended by 72 attendees. - "Climate-related conflict: arts-based mediation and recourse to redress," the One Ocean Hub joint side event with the Green Climate Fund in November 2021 for Climate COP26. This event was attended by 26 attendees (here: https://bit.ly/3i0MYk9). - "Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa," the UN World Oceans Day side-event with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance and the UNDOALOS on 9 June 2023 (here: https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-short-film-indlela-yokuphila-the-souls-journey-at-the-united-nations-world-ocean-week/). This event was attended by 26 attendees. - Mpume Mthombeni's talk at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration, 9 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs"the official UN World Oceans Day celebration at the UN Headquarters in New York (here: https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2-uSE26tnU&t=63s ). The event was attended by 350 in-person attendees and 102,000 online attendees, reaching 110 UN member states. This collaboration has also contributed in co-organising three webinars for the UN World Oceans Day 2020-2021. • Studying the Sea - Accessing Ocean Research Career: https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=Arwc_wTwsJ4. This event was attended by 76 attendees. ? "Inclusive Ocean Conservation: Innovations in Marine Spatial Planning," organized for the UN World Oceans Day 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mP4LU8_4KK8&t=2s. This event was attended by 29 persons. ? "Wonders of the Deep", organized for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvUJvqPB6is. This event was attended by 131 attendees. Disciplines involved in this collaboration: deep-sea science, sociology, anthropology, arts.
Start Year 2020
 
Description Capacity Strengthening and Connecting Knowledge Systems in the Deep Sea 
Organisation University of Cape Town
Country South Africa 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The interdisciplinary framework of the One Ocean Hub has brought together within South Africa, for the first time, deep-sea scientists (South Africa National Biodiversity Institute, University of Plymouth), sociologists (Rhodes University and University of Cape Town), artists (Rhodes University), and expertise in knowledge systems, ethics, and benefit sharing (University of Cape Town), together with expertise in ethical innovation and knowledge production at the University of Strathclyde, UK. This interdisciplinary team seeks to address two critical challenges fundamental in underpinning fair and equitable access to and benefit from deep sea ecosystems: 1. Building capacity to undertake research in the deep sea in low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC) countries There are historical barriers to wider global participation in offshore research. This has impact on the ability of all nations to participate in evidence-based decision-making on deep-sea areas within their jurisdictions and beyond. Widening participation in deep-sea science has therefore become a significant goal of the Hub. While planned cruises and research have initially been delayed by COVID and eventually been canceled because of the ODA budget cuts, the planning of the cruise for two years had nonetheless allowed the emergence of a more considered approach to the design of deep-sea science capacity-strengthening programme that will benefit researchers in future opportunities for international collaboration. 2. Integrating knowledge systems and learning from multiple conceptions of the deep sea, for holistic ocean literacy Understanding and surfacing different ways of knowing the deep sea, as well as decolonising the science of the Deep Sea, are critical steps in addressing issues of inequity in representation and participation in deep-sea research (including with indigenous knowledge systems). Integrating different ways of knowing and understanding the deep sea has become a key interdisciplinary focus for the Hub, working towards ocean literacy outputs informed by both science and indigenous knowledge systems. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations listed below are part of the Hub's original application: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; University of Edinburgh, UK; University of Plymouth, UK. • partner organisation based in the Global South: South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa. The new partnership generated by this collaboration includes: • research organization based in the Global South: University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa • partner organisation based in the Global South: South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), South Africa
Collaborator Contribution University of Strathclyde, University of Plymouth and South Africa National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI): Understanding the barriers to deep-sea science and research in a LMIC context. The team undertook a survey of deep-sea and marine scientists on Access to Marine Subject Area Education and Research to understand the barriers to deep-sea research and how LMIC country researchers can be better supported and included. The survey yielded evidence that supports the Hub approach: training on the use of equipment and inclusion on research cruises will be most impactful (as opposed to data sharing agreements, which are also valued). In addition, a campaign around ocean literacy that increases knowledge and interest in deep-science research careers will create a pipeline of future scientists and a populace that invests in it. This has further informed the design of the Hub's capacity-strengthening programme for deep-sea research, and ocean literacy at all levels. This has resulted in a public report that will inform the Hub's contributions to the UN Decade of Ocean Science and policy advice to ocean funders. Follow-up research will connect the report findings with new research on the human right to science and on the relevance of cultural heritage for deep-sea research. The capacity strengthening programme led by SANBI and University of Plymouth, in partnership with the Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI), involves the design and delivery of a programme of training across key aspects and skill areas of deep-sea research, targeted to researchers and government scientists, including in conducting the first benthic survey in Namibia. Partnership in marine benthic mapping has been reported separately under 'Partnership for Marine Habitat Mapping in the South-East Atlantic'. This partnership has delivered training in deep-sea taxonomy and species distribution modelling to South African scientists and students, and developed a new global platform to support identification of deep-sea animals. It has also supported initial steps in the establishment of a national benthic invertebrate monitoring programme in Namibia in support of MSC certification of the important Namibian Hake fishery. This has involved knowledge sharing between neighbouring South Africa and Namibia as well as between North and South Atlantic basins. In addition, a new partnership between the University of Rhodes and the University of Plymouth has been established focused on biodiscovery. The partnership is also collating undergraduate training materials in marine science to make available in a usable package to educators in higher education institutions across South Africa. SANBI also leads on engagement with the South Africa Government in increasing capacity for knowledge-based decision making for the marine ecosystem. As active members of the Marine Spatial Planning Working Group of the South Africa Government, SANBI are well placed to connect Hub outputs with key actors, and support capacity strengthening for implementation. South Africa National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) SANBI led on a Flexible Fund project titled 'MzanSea: Revealing South Africa's Marine Ecosystems', which was implemented in 2021. MzanSea aims to foster ocean literacy and provide resources for educators, students and decision makers. The project is a direct response to the outcomes emerging from the Marine and Coastal Educators Network (MCEN) conference in early 2020, which was the realisation of the limited knowledge and resources on marine ecosystems in general and deep ocean ecosystems in particular within South Africa. Educators themselves were not able to connect to these ecosystems and therefore neither were their students. Additionally, despite South Africa having 12 official languages, as far as we are aware there are no ocean educational resources in languages other than English or Afrikaans, thereby failing to reach a large proportion of people in South Africa. There is therefore a need for educational resources regarding marine ecosystems in South Africa in multiple languages. SANBI will lead on the production of a suite of resources revealing 14 marine ecosystem types suitable for learners from children to decision makers. These resources will also be translated into at least 3 coastal languages (Xhosa, Zulu, Afrikaans). Through the One Ocean Hub, the deep-sea science team behind MzanSea, have partnered with colleagues from Rhodes University Environmental Learning Research Centre, to expand MzanSea to include other forms of knowledge. Bridging the fields of marine science and marine sociology/anthropology, the researchers are collaborating at the intersection of cultural heritage and scientific heritage in describing at least 9 of the 14 marine ecosystems of South Africa, through both perspectives. This collaboration seeks to highlight the alignment between indigenous and scientific knowledge. The collaboration began as an output of early cultural heritage research by the Rhodes team, which produced the Indlela yokuphila Empatheatre animation project which offers a digital storytelling experience through animation that tells the story of the soul's journey through the oceans in Zulu traditional ancestral belief. This will now be worked into the MzanSea outputs to form a holistic package of ocean literacy materials. The SANBI/Rhodes University collaboration has expanded to include also colleagues at the University of Cape Town, to explore the intersection of scientific and indigenous knowledge in the context of the deep sea more broadly. This team have formed the 'Deep Knowing' working group. In this collaboration, the University of Cape Town, through a PhD research project, is examining the epistemological interactions and practical implications of working with different knowledge systems, specifically "Science" and "Indigenous Knowledge Systems". The group will also examine specific ethical questions (linked to the One Ocean Hub code of practice) - around representation, participation and working with indigenous/contextual/embodied ways of knowing in the context of deep-sea science. The resulting MzanSea website and resources (including a children's activity book) have been launched in 2022 and received early international recognition by being included in the resources of a new e-learning course produced by the UN Environment programme for 13-15 years old youth on children's human right to a healthy environment. University of Cape Town research on fair marine biodiscovery also provides substantial contribution to the partnership. On August 3rd, 2021, the Bio-economy Research Chair at the University of Cape Town in partnership with the One Ocean Hub hosted a webinar on marine biodiscovery in South Africa to bring together scientists, regulators and policymakers to present and discuss findings relating to the equitable and sustainable use of marine genetic resources. This stems from research conducted by Dr Jessica Lavelle and Professor Rachel Wynberg which explored historical and current activities relating to marine biodiscovery, its governance and existing (dis)connections in law, science and policy. The intention of the research is to explore opportunities for harmonising science and policy to enable approaches for equitable and sustainable marine biodiscovery in South Africa. The collaboration between Rhodes University and University of Plymouth on biodiscovery which formed under the One Ocean Hub has led to a development of a new project 'Harnessing Natural Product Diversity to Combat Multidrug Resistance'. The project is funded by Newton Fund via UK Medical Research Council and South African Medical Research Council (July 2020-December 2023). This project is aimed to enable researchers to explore biodiverse rich habitats, deep oceans and polar environments for novel and natural compounds. It brings together scientists from the UK and South Africa, to establish an Antibiotic Accelerator Hub to significantly boost capacity for discovery of new antibiotics. As part of this project, Hub researcher from Rhodes University, Professor Rosemary Dorrington, will lead South African researchers to form the 'Natural product research network', alongside a UK research consortium led by Hub researcher at University of Plymouth, Professor Mathew Upton, with partners at the universities of Bristol, Leeds, St Andrews and Aberdeen. It is hoped that this collaboration will not only benefit healthcare globally but will also support the bio-economies of both South Africa and the UK, ensuring fair and equitable sharing of the benefits of any new drugs arising from the research with communities in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). The £1.9 million funding also includes £1.9 million includes £412,000 funding for a seed project, which will explore the diversity of antimicrobial peptides in South Africa to identify potential new antibiotics (See: https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/news/uk-nil-south-africa-research-team-to-establish-hub-for-discovery-of-new-antibiotics). As part of capacity strengthening, researchers from the University of Edinburgh contribute in expanding knowledge of offshore biodiversity by conducting research on cold-water coral reef growth and loss in a changing ocean through the development of online training, teaching and learning resources, video, and on-site training. The aim of the research is to predict future integrity of key deep-sea habitats (cold-water corals) and provide data also on cold-water coral reef growth and loss to inform the taxonomic atlas and ecosystem mapping. This collaboration has achieved demonstrable policy impacts. In June 2022, the Hub's deep-sea research ("One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4") was endorsed as an official Decade Action under the UN Ocean Science Decade's Challenger 150 programme. This is a collaboration between the University of Strathclyde, the University of Plymouth, the University of Namibia, SANBI and NMU. Under the Challenger 150 Programme, Hub researchers have supported deep-sea capacity development efforts through the establishment of a UN Decade African Network of Deep-water Researchers (for detailed information read also collaboration titled "MARINE HABITAT MAPPING IN THE SOUTH-EAST ATLANTIC"). Established in 2023 and led by Hub early-career researcher Dr Kirsty McQuaid (SANBI, South Africa and the University of Plymouth, UK), the African Network of Deep-water Researchers aims to connect researchers, skills, infrastructure and resources within Africa, and with a global community of deep-water researchers, to build on the continent's capacity for deep-water research in support of sustainable development. Open to African nationals globally and individuals in African institutions, the Network encompasses all disciplines related to deep-water (beyond 30m depth, excluding scuba diving) and is open to all sectors. To date, the Network comprises over 250 members from 27 African nations, representing over 140 institutions. 76% of members are self-identified Early Career Researchers (<10 years professional experience, following the global UN ECOP Programme). Although still in a development phase, key activities are anticipated to emphasise training, project development, knowledge exchange, and research initiatives. As a first step, the Network initiated a workshop series identifying practical actions to advance deep-water research and establish a framework for future activities (https://oneoceanhub.org/new-network-of-deep-water-researchers-aims-to-build-africas-capacity-for-deep-water-research/). In October 2023, the Hub has been endorsed as a UN Ocean Decade Implementing Partner, focusing on transdisciplinary research. Hub researchers at the University of Plymouth will present findings, experience and practices of the Hub deep-sea research at the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona, Spain in April 2024 as part of a satellite event titled "Deepening the Decade" to be held at the Banquet Hall of the Conference, Paris, France in April 2024 in collaboration with Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI) (see also a separate entry titled "Contributing to the UN Decade for Ocean Science"). As part of the efforts to strengthen deep-sea capacity building in Africa, in February 2023, Hub researcher Dr Kerry Sink (South Africa National Biodiversity Institute) and a team of marine scientists in South Africa embarked on a multi-institutional and multi-disciplinary offshore expedition to enhance the capacity of young southern African scientists and to collect data in outer shelf and deep-sea habitats. The cruise was funded by the Hub (https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-supported-deep-sea-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/). The main aim of the cruise was to develop the capacity of a team of young researchers who can work together to solve the challenges of offshore research and management. Research goals include the use of cutting-edge genetic research to detect environmental DNA of threatened species, exploring patterns in invertebrate and fish biodiversity with increasing depth and work to understand the drivers of these patterns in the dynamic high current environment of the Amathole Offshore Protected Area. The project also included innovative, social and cultural aspects that recognise the deep human connections with the ocean and the team are working on understanding the use of marine species in medicine and ritual practices, including the identification and mapping of Culturally Significant Areas in the coastal and ocean environment. The cruise was funded by the One Ocean Hub and it is an initiative of the Capacity Strengthening component of the Hub. In 2022, Hub researchers together with collaborators undertook a study to understand the challenges and solutions to develop capacity for deep-sea research and management in South Africa. One of the recommendations was to hold dedicated in-country expeditions using available or locally developed technology under local conditions. This can provide relevant opportunities for more researchers and is a valuable addition to the more common approach where one or two scientists are able to participate in an international expedition with equipment that is usually not available in-country. The research gear included a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV), deep-sea landers and oceanographic instruments. The ROV captures video and images and can collect biological samples using a manipulator arm. Researchers explored underwater caves and canyons and hope to find the elusive coelacanth which was first trawled off East London in South Africa in 1938 but since then has only been seen much further north of Pumula and Sodwana Bay in KwaZulu-Natal and in other countries in East Africa. Landers are remote underwater video stations that are baited and allow scientists to record fish, sharks and other deep-sea creatures attracted to the bait. Ten students from seven different universities and institutes participated in the cruise facilitated by the South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) and the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). This included the University of KwaZululu Natal, Rhodes University, Nelson Mandela University, and the University of Cape Town. Oceanography sediment and biodiversity data were collected to contribute to three Ph.D. studies and two Master's theses with additional collaborative publications spanning multiple disciplines underway by the group. The team relied on standard and new technology for ocean sampling using remote visual tools to obtain imagery of the seabed, Conductivity-Temperature-Depth profilers (CTDs) to measure changes in ocean variables with depth and conducted surveys of marine species used in medicine and ritual in East London. Technician JJ Forgus developed skills in collecting specimens from the depth using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) with a claw that can be used for targeted specimen samplings. SANBI emerging researcher gained experience as a Chief Scientist, a rare opportunity for a young scientist. The Hub's deep-sea capacity strengthening partnerships has also brought positive environmental impacts. The deep-sea cruise conducted in 2023, for example, involved the use of 29 remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives conducted by the team, two of these presented an opportunity for invertebrate samples to be collected, whilst some excellent footage of never-before-seen habitats, including deep-water canyons, sticky mud habitats, as well as creatures rarely witnessed in situ collected during the remaining dives (https://oneoceanhub.org/dedicated-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/). Two dredges and 18 sediment samples were achieved to gather invertebrate samples to be used in the Foundational Biodiversity Information Programme's (FBIP) SeaMap project recently awarded to the Egagasini Node of the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON). This project is aimed at developing South Africa's marine invertebrate DNA barcode catalogue and will also produce the country's first data-driven ecosystem map using species records from visual surveys. A total of ten deepsea lander deployments were accomplished, establishing the record for the deepest lander dive in South Africa thus far at a depth of 1036 meters. Pressures at these depths exceed 100 times those experienced at the surface, so not only are the creatures adapted to these conditions truly something to behold, but it is also testimony to the progress made in maritime engineering. Those involved in this enterprise made great strides in bringing Africa to the forefront of what is possible with deep-sea exploration. The expedition, which spanned 157 hours at sea, covered a total of 901 nautical miles. This collaboration has also brought positive social impacts. The Hub's researchers are investing in science communication and ocean literacy- a sharing of diverse sets of knowledge across knowledge types and knowledge holders including disciplines, groups and generations. Building ocean literacy is an ongoing process; one that will continue over the course of each scientist's journey, as the ocean and social systems we seek to protect are ever-changing. That is why a dynamic, integrated, and collaborative approach is needed for the sustainable and equitable management of our oceans. The capacity development and transdisciplinary components of the deep-sea expedition and the MzanSea ocean literacy project for example, sought to overcome the old narrative of separate sciences, to draw from the diverse pool of expertise created by the multiplicity of team members, so that learning could be facilitated, which better serves society and our seas. The deep-sea expedition conducted in 2023 contributed to the identification and mapping of Culturally Significant Areas in the coastal and ocean environment of South Africa. All the events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration - as outlined in the "outcomes section" - were attended by a total of 102,744 persons. The capacity strengthening collaboration under the Hub also has strengthened gender equality and inclusivity. All the Hub's capacity strengthening sessions were attended by predominantly women audience. On average over 60 per cent of participants in these evens were women. This speaks to the interests of women in this field and the need for capacity building for women. The co-directors of the Hub's deep-sea research programme, Prof Kerry Howell (University of Plymouth, UK) and Dr Kerry Sink (SANBI, South Africa) are female scientists. Around 50 per cent of Hub researchers involved in deep-sea research are female from different career stages, senior academics and early career researchers. The impact of this collaboration in strengthening gender equality and inclusivity is evident from the leadership of Dr Kirsty McQuaid in establishing the African Network of Deep-water Researchers and Safiyya Sedick who played a crucial role as the coordinating officer for the Hub funded deep-sea cruise in 2023.
Impact Further Funding: The SANBI/Rhodes collaboration which formed under the One Ocean Hub has led to a successful new project, funded by the South African National Research Foundation, titled 'Deep Connections'. Deep Connections is a 3-year project which will start in 2021 (see Further Funding). The Deep Connections project is a multi-disciplinary project that aims to build knowledge about offshore marine connectivity for inclusion in spatial assessment and prioritisation. This will be achieved by investigating genetic, species and ecosystem levels of biodiversity together with targeted geoscience and oceanographic research and innovative socio-cultural learning and knowledge co-production. This project builds on the transdisciplinary team working on related aspects through the One Ocean Hub and strives to help address current capacity shortfalls and gaps in spatial assessment and planning. The collaboration between Rhodes University and the University of Plymouth on biodiscovery has led to a new international research collaboration to discover and accelerate the development of new antibiotics namely 'Harnessing Natural Product Diversity to Combat Multidrug Resistance' which started in July 2020 and is scheduled to be finalised in September 2024 following no-cost extension for the project (see Further Funding) https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/news/uk-nil-south-africa-research-team-to-establish-hub-for-discovery-of-new-antibiotics Publications: • Howell, K; Hilrio, A; Allcock, L; Bailey, D; Baker, M; Clark, MR; Colaco, A;Copley, J; Cordes, E; Danovaro, R; Dissanayake, A; Escobar, E; Esquete, P; Gallagher, A; Gates, A; Gaudron, SM; German CR; Gjerde, KM; Higgs, ND; Le Bris, N; Levin, L; Manea, E; McClain, C; Menot, L; Mestre, N; Metaxas, A; Milligan R; Muthumbi, A; Narayanaswamy, B; Ramalho, S; Ramirez-Llodra, E; Robson, L; Rogers, A; Sellanes, J; Sigwart, J; Sink, K; Snelgrove, P.V.R; Stefanoudis, P; Sumida, P; Taylor, M; Thurber, A; Vieira R; Watanabe, HK; Woodall, L; Xavier, J. (2020). A decade to study deep-sea life. Nature Ecology & Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01352-5. • Howell K.L., Hilário A, Allcock, AL, Bailey DM., Baker M, Clark MR., Colaço A, C Jon, Cordes E E., Danovaro R, Dissanayake A, Escobar E, Esquete P, Gallagher AJ., Gates AR., Gaudron SM., German CR., Gjerde KM., Higgs ND., Le Bris N, Levin LA., Manea E, McClain C, Menot L, Mestre NC., Metaxas A, Milligan RJ., Muthumbi AWN., Narayanaswamy BE., Ramalho SP., Ramirez-Llodra E, Robson LM., Rogers AD., Sellanes J, Sigwart JD., Sink K, Snelgrove PV, Stefanoudis PV., Sumida PY., Taylor ML., Thurber AR., Vieira RP., Watanabe HK., Woodall LC., Xavier JR. (2020). A Blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea Ocean Decade Field Program. Frontiers in Marine Science https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861 • Worm, B; Elliff C; Fonseca JG; Gell FR; Gon'alves ACS; Helder N; Murray K; Peckham H; Prelovec L; Sink K. Making Ocean Literacy Inclusive and Accessible. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics https://doi.org/10.3354/esep00196 • Wynberg, R; Grorud-Colvert, K; Thambisetty, S; Bandarra, N.M; Can?rio, A.V.M; da Silva, J; Duarte, C.M; Jaspars, M; Rogers, A; Sink, K; Wabnitz, C.C.C. (2020). The ocean genome and future prospects for conservation and equity. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0522-9. • Morgera, E. (2018-19). "Fair and equitable benefit-sharing in a new international instrument on marine biodiversity: A principled approach towards partnership building?" 5 Maritime Safety and Security Law Journal 48-7. https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3234346 • Morgera E. (2020). Biodiversity as a Human Right and Its Implications for the EU as External Actor, published by European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/603491/EXPO_STU(2020)603491_EN.pdf • Morgera, E (2021) "The Relevance of the Human Right to Science for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: A New Legally Binding Instrument to Support Co-Production of Ocean Knowledge across Scales" in Vito De Lucia, Lan Nguyen and Alex G. Oude Elferink (eds), International Law and Marine Areas beyond National Jurisdiction: Current Status and Future Trends (Brill, Forthcoming). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3870399 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3870399 • Morgera E, McQuaid K, La Bianca G, Niner H, Shannon L, Strand M, Rees S, Howell K, Snow B, Lancaster AMSN & Sauer W. 2023. Addressing the Ocean-Climate Nexus in the BBNJ Agreement: Strategic Environmental Assessments, Human Rights and Equity in Ocean Science. The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38: 1-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10139. • Harden-Davies H, Amon DJ, Vierros M, Bax NJ, Hanich Q, Hills JM, Guilhon M, McQuaid KA, Mohammed E, Pouponneau A, Seto KL, Sink K, Talma S & Woodall L. 2022. Capacity development in the Ocean Decade and beyond: Key questions about meanings, motivations, pathways, and measurements. Earth System Governance 12: 100138. DOI: 10.1016/j.esg.2022.100138. Policy Brief How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/ Artistic product - DiepRespek: Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems film/video. Available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6kdnR2eXmgDiepRespek video was featured in a blog of the South Africa Deep-Sea Trawling Industry Association, which noted that the video was "spreading quickly among fishing crews working in South Africa's trawl fishery for hake.": https://www.sadstia.co.za/news/dieprespek-shines-a-fresh-light-on-vulnerable-marine-ecosystems/ - "The Indlela Yokuphila (the Soul Journey)." Available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNm-Yf8Dt10. The short film "Indlela Yokuphila" meaning "the Soul's journey" in Zulu was researched and narrated by Mpume Mthombeni (Empatheatre) and directed by Marc Moynihan (Shells & Spells) and Dr. Dylan McGarry (Empatheatre/Rhodes University), the film aims to make intangible ocean heritages more tangible in governance and education through animation and public dialogue, and return the sacred to our conversations around ocean wellbeing. Short films: - "From the bottom of the sea to the laboratory," available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPJ7935sOd0&t=12s - "Understanding the deep sea" short film, available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wUSOYfPOdDI. Blogposts: Baker M, Ramirez-Llodra E and Tyler P. (2020). "Natural Capital and Exploitation of the Deep Ocean." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/natural-capital-and-exploitation-of-the-deep-ocean/ Febrica S. (2021). "One Ocean Hub holds a "Deep-sea life summit"". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-one-ocean-hub-holds-a-deep-sea-life-summit/ Febrica S. (2020). "Calling for An Integrated Framework to Manage the High Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/calling-for-an-integrated-framework-to-manage-the-high-seas/ One Ocean Hub. (2021). MzanSea - Launcing an innovative ocean literacy website and children's activity book. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/MzanSea-an-innovative-ocean-literacy-project-launches-a-website-and-a-childrens-activity-book/ Lavelle J. (2021). "Towards a community of practice for equitable and sustainable marine biodiversity in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-a-community-of-practice-for-equitable-and-sustainable-marine-biodiscovery-in-south-africa/ Lavelle J. (2021). "New study on inclusive and equitable research and innovation in marine biodiscovery." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-study-on-inclusive-and-equitable-research-and-innovation-in-marine-biodiscovery/ Niner H and McQuaid K. (2021). "Defining the environmental impact assessment process for deep-sea mining." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/defining-the-environmental-impact-assessment-process-for-deep-sea-mining/ One Ocean Hub. (2020). "Focus on: Deep Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/focus-on-deep-sea/ One Ocean Hub. (2020). "Researchers' Contribution to the international negotiations on Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction Negotiation." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction-negotiation/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "New network of deep-water researchers aims to build Africa's capacity for deep-water research." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-network-of-deep-water-researchers-aims-to-build-africas-capacity-for-deep-water-research/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Deepening offshore research capacity in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-supported-deep-sea-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/ Wynberg R, Dorrington R, Upton M and Sink K. (2020). "Biodiscovery: Exploring the Science-Policy Interface in the One Ocean Hub." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/biodiscovery-exploring-the-science-policy-interface-in-the-one-ocean-hub/ One Ocean Hub. (2021). Challenges and solutions for deep-sea research and management in South Africa. Available from: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/ Website of MzanSea: https://MzanSea.org/ Report: Sink KJ, McQuaid K, Atkinson LJ, Palmer RM, Van der Heever G, Majiedt PA, Dunga LV, Currie JC, Adams R, Wahome M, Howell K & AW Patterson. 2021. Challenges and Solutions to develop capacity for Deep-sea Research and Management in South Africa. South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa, 35pp. Available: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/. Outcomes This partnership is working towards the specific outcome of increased research capacity in deep-sea knowledge, techniques and data (SDG 14A). Towards this outcome, the partnership has began a programme of deep-sea research methods training. They delivered training in benthic biodiversity data collection to 15 researchers and government scientists from both South Africa and Namibia in collaboration with the DOSI-Project. This has led to further collaboration to develop new Namibian Deep-Sea Benthic Collections with representatives of Namibia Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources in 2021 to now. Events carried out in 2021-2024. SANBI have participated and presented in all meetings of the South Africa Marine Spatial Planning Working Group. In addition, this working group benefitted from the new interdisciplinary connections developed under the One Ocean Hub: interdisciplinary input from the One Ocean Hub team was provided at an information session on "Marine spatial biodiversity priorities as an input into marine spatial planning", which took place on 22 October 2020, hosted by Biodiversity & Coastal Research Department of Environmental Affairs, Forestry and Fisheries (DEFF): Oceans and Coasts, South Africa Government. As an outcome of this meeting, members of the technical team of planners who inform environmental priorities in marine spatial planning have requested a follow-up meeting with Hub researchers to discuss key issues raised in 2021. The MzanSea team have presented to the Marine and Coastal Educators Network and are in discussion with members of this network from the three South Africa aquariums on the implementation of the MzanSea products. In December 2021, a new website of the MzanSea (see: https://MzanSea.org/) was launched. The MzanSea team also developed a children's activity book and a set of fact sheets. The MzanSea products also include elements about why and how to care for ocean ecosystems and also profiles young marine scientists studying different ecosystem types. The Indlela Yokuphila animation project was launched during the UN World Oceans Day in June 2023. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNm-Yf8Dt10). This event was attended by 34 attendees. It was already showcased at the following events: - "Indlela yokuphila (the path of life)," the UN World Ocean Week in June 2020 (here: https://bit.ly/3HXx2K1). This event was attended by 72 attendees. - "Climate-related conflict: arts-based mediation and recourse to redress," the One Ocean Hub joint side event with the Green Climate Fund in November 2021 for Climate COP26. This event was attended by 26 attendees (here: https://bit.ly/3i0MYk9). - "Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa," the UN World Oceans Day side-event with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance and the UNDOALOS on 9 June 2023 (here: https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-short-film-indlela-yokuphila-the-souls-journey-at-the-united-nations-world-ocean-week/). This event was attended by 26 attendees. - Mpume Mthombeni's talk at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration, 9 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs"the official UN World Oceans Day celebration at the UN Headquarters in New York (here: https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2-uSE26tnU&t=63s ). The event was attended by 350 in-person attendees and 102,000 online attendees, reaching 110 UN member states. This collaboration has also contributed in co-organising three webinars for the UN World Oceans Day 2020-2021. • Studying the Sea - Accessing Ocean Research Career: https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=Arwc_wTwsJ4. This event was attended by 76 attendees. ? "Inclusive Ocean Conservation: Innovations in Marine Spatial Planning," organized for the UN World Oceans Day 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mP4LU8_4KK8&t=2s. This event was attended by 29 persons. ? "Wonders of the Deep", organized for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvUJvqPB6is. This event was attended by 131 attendees. Disciplines involved in this collaboration: deep-sea science, sociology, anthropology, arts.
Start Year 2020
 
Description Capacity Strengthening and Connecting Knowledge Systems in the Deep Sea 
Organisation University of Edinburgh
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The interdisciplinary framework of the One Ocean Hub has brought together within South Africa, for the first time, deep-sea scientists (South Africa National Biodiversity Institute, University of Plymouth), sociologists (Rhodes University and University of Cape Town), artists (Rhodes University), and expertise in knowledge systems, ethics, and benefit sharing (University of Cape Town), together with expertise in ethical innovation and knowledge production at the University of Strathclyde, UK. This interdisciplinary team seeks to address two critical challenges fundamental in underpinning fair and equitable access to and benefit from deep sea ecosystems: 1. Building capacity to undertake research in the deep sea in low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC) countries There are historical barriers to wider global participation in offshore research. This has impact on the ability of all nations to participate in evidence-based decision-making on deep-sea areas within their jurisdictions and beyond. Widening participation in deep-sea science has therefore become a significant goal of the Hub. While planned cruises and research have initially been delayed by COVID and eventually been canceled because of the ODA budget cuts, the planning of the cruise for two years had nonetheless allowed the emergence of a more considered approach to the design of deep-sea science capacity-strengthening programme that will benefit researchers in future opportunities for international collaboration. 2. Integrating knowledge systems and learning from multiple conceptions of the deep sea, for holistic ocean literacy Understanding and surfacing different ways of knowing the deep sea, as well as decolonising the science of the Deep Sea, are critical steps in addressing issues of inequity in representation and participation in deep-sea research (including with indigenous knowledge systems). Integrating different ways of knowing and understanding the deep sea has become a key interdisciplinary focus for the Hub, working towards ocean literacy outputs informed by both science and indigenous knowledge systems. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations listed below are part of the Hub's original application: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; University of Edinburgh, UK; University of Plymouth, UK. • partner organisation based in the Global South: South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa. The new partnership generated by this collaboration includes: • research organization based in the Global South: University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa • partner organisation based in the Global South: South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), South Africa
Collaborator Contribution University of Strathclyde, University of Plymouth and South Africa National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI): Understanding the barriers to deep-sea science and research in a LMIC context. The team undertook a survey of deep-sea and marine scientists on Access to Marine Subject Area Education and Research to understand the barriers to deep-sea research and how LMIC country researchers can be better supported and included. The survey yielded evidence that supports the Hub approach: training on the use of equipment and inclusion on research cruises will be most impactful (as opposed to data sharing agreements, which are also valued). In addition, a campaign around ocean literacy that increases knowledge and interest in deep-science research careers will create a pipeline of future scientists and a populace that invests in it. This has further informed the design of the Hub's capacity-strengthening programme for deep-sea research, and ocean literacy at all levels. This has resulted in a public report that will inform the Hub's contributions to the UN Decade of Ocean Science and policy advice to ocean funders. Follow-up research will connect the report findings with new research on the human right to science and on the relevance of cultural heritage for deep-sea research. The capacity strengthening programme led by SANBI and University of Plymouth, in partnership with the Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI), involves the design and delivery of a programme of training across key aspects and skill areas of deep-sea research, targeted to researchers and government scientists, including in conducting the first benthic survey in Namibia. Partnership in marine benthic mapping has been reported separately under 'Partnership for Marine Habitat Mapping in the South-East Atlantic'. This partnership has delivered training in deep-sea taxonomy and species distribution modelling to South African scientists and students, and developed a new global platform to support identification of deep-sea animals. It has also supported initial steps in the establishment of a national benthic invertebrate monitoring programme in Namibia in support of MSC certification of the important Namibian Hake fishery. This has involved knowledge sharing between neighbouring South Africa and Namibia as well as between North and South Atlantic basins. In addition, a new partnership between the University of Rhodes and the University of Plymouth has been established focused on biodiscovery. The partnership is also collating undergraduate training materials in marine science to make available in a usable package to educators in higher education institutions across South Africa. SANBI also leads on engagement with the South Africa Government in increasing capacity for knowledge-based decision making for the marine ecosystem. As active members of the Marine Spatial Planning Working Group of the South Africa Government, SANBI are well placed to connect Hub outputs with key actors, and support capacity strengthening for implementation. South Africa National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) SANBI led on a Flexible Fund project titled 'MzanSea: Revealing South Africa's Marine Ecosystems', which was implemented in 2021. MzanSea aims to foster ocean literacy and provide resources for educators, students and decision makers. The project is a direct response to the outcomes emerging from the Marine and Coastal Educators Network (MCEN) conference in early 2020, which was the realisation of the limited knowledge and resources on marine ecosystems in general and deep ocean ecosystems in particular within South Africa. Educators themselves were not able to connect to these ecosystems and therefore neither were their students. Additionally, despite South Africa having 12 official languages, as far as we are aware there are no ocean educational resources in languages other than English or Afrikaans, thereby failing to reach a large proportion of people in South Africa. There is therefore a need for educational resources regarding marine ecosystems in South Africa in multiple languages. SANBI will lead on the production of a suite of resources revealing 14 marine ecosystem types suitable for learners from children to decision makers. These resources will also be translated into at least 3 coastal languages (Xhosa, Zulu, Afrikaans). Through the One Ocean Hub, the deep-sea science team behind MzanSea, have partnered with colleagues from Rhodes University Environmental Learning Research Centre, to expand MzanSea to include other forms of knowledge. Bridging the fields of marine science and marine sociology/anthropology, the researchers are collaborating at the intersection of cultural heritage and scientific heritage in describing at least 9 of the 14 marine ecosystems of South Africa, through both perspectives. This collaboration seeks to highlight the alignment between indigenous and scientific knowledge. The collaboration began as an output of early cultural heritage research by the Rhodes team, which produced the Indlela yokuphila Empatheatre animation project which offers a digital storytelling experience through animation that tells the story of the soul's journey through the oceans in Zulu traditional ancestral belief. This will now be worked into the MzanSea outputs to form a holistic package of ocean literacy materials. The SANBI/Rhodes University collaboration has expanded to include also colleagues at the University of Cape Town, to explore the intersection of scientific and indigenous knowledge in the context of the deep sea more broadly. This team have formed the 'Deep Knowing' working group. In this collaboration, the University of Cape Town, through a PhD research project, is examining the epistemological interactions and practical implications of working with different knowledge systems, specifically "Science" and "Indigenous Knowledge Systems". The group will also examine specific ethical questions (linked to the One Ocean Hub code of practice) - around representation, participation and working with indigenous/contextual/embodied ways of knowing in the context of deep-sea science. The resulting MzanSea website and resources (including a children's activity book) have been launched in 2022 and received early international recognition by being included in the resources of a new e-learning course produced by the UN Environment programme for 13-15 years old youth on children's human right to a healthy environment. University of Cape Town research on fair marine biodiscovery also provides substantial contribution to the partnership. On August 3rd, 2021, the Bio-economy Research Chair at the University of Cape Town in partnership with the One Ocean Hub hosted a webinar on marine biodiscovery in South Africa to bring together scientists, regulators and policymakers to present and discuss findings relating to the equitable and sustainable use of marine genetic resources. This stems from research conducted by Dr Jessica Lavelle and Professor Rachel Wynberg which explored historical and current activities relating to marine biodiscovery, its governance and existing (dis)connections in law, science and policy. The intention of the research is to explore opportunities for harmonising science and policy to enable approaches for equitable and sustainable marine biodiscovery in South Africa. The collaboration between Rhodes University and University of Plymouth on biodiscovery which formed under the One Ocean Hub has led to a development of a new project 'Harnessing Natural Product Diversity to Combat Multidrug Resistance'. The project is funded by Newton Fund via UK Medical Research Council and South African Medical Research Council (July 2020-December 2023). This project is aimed to enable researchers to explore biodiverse rich habitats, deep oceans and polar environments for novel and natural compounds. It brings together scientists from the UK and South Africa, to establish an Antibiotic Accelerator Hub to significantly boost capacity for discovery of new antibiotics. As part of this project, Hub researcher from Rhodes University, Professor Rosemary Dorrington, will lead South African researchers to form the 'Natural product research network', alongside a UK research consortium led by Hub researcher at University of Plymouth, Professor Mathew Upton, with partners at the universities of Bristol, Leeds, St Andrews and Aberdeen. It is hoped that this collaboration will not only benefit healthcare globally but will also support the bio-economies of both South Africa and the UK, ensuring fair and equitable sharing of the benefits of any new drugs arising from the research with communities in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). The £1.9 million funding also includes £1.9 million includes £412,000 funding for a seed project, which will explore the diversity of antimicrobial peptides in South Africa to identify potential new antibiotics (See: https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/news/uk-nil-south-africa-research-team-to-establish-hub-for-discovery-of-new-antibiotics). As part of capacity strengthening, researchers from the University of Edinburgh contribute in expanding knowledge of offshore biodiversity by conducting research on cold-water coral reef growth and loss in a changing ocean through the development of online training, teaching and learning resources, video, and on-site training. The aim of the research is to predict future integrity of key deep-sea habitats (cold-water corals) and provide data also on cold-water coral reef growth and loss to inform the taxonomic atlas and ecosystem mapping. This collaboration has achieved demonstrable policy impacts. In June 2022, the Hub's deep-sea research ("One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4") was endorsed as an official Decade Action under the UN Ocean Science Decade's Challenger 150 programme. This is a collaboration between the University of Strathclyde, the University of Plymouth, the University of Namibia, SANBI and NMU. Under the Challenger 150 Programme, Hub researchers have supported deep-sea capacity development efforts through the establishment of a UN Decade African Network of Deep-water Researchers (for detailed information read also collaboration titled "MARINE HABITAT MAPPING IN THE SOUTH-EAST ATLANTIC"). Established in 2023 and led by Hub early-career researcher Dr Kirsty McQuaid (SANBI, South Africa and the University of Plymouth, UK), the African Network of Deep-water Researchers aims to connect researchers, skills, infrastructure and resources within Africa, and with a global community of deep-water researchers, to build on the continent's capacity for deep-water research in support of sustainable development. Open to African nationals globally and individuals in African institutions, the Network encompasses all disciplines related to deep-water (beyond 30m depth, excluding scuba diving) and is open to all sectors. To date, the Network comprises over 250 members from 27 African nations, representing over 140 institutions. 76% of members are self-identified Early Career Researchers (<10 years professional experience, following the global UN ECOP Programme). Although still in a development phase, key activities are anticipated to emphasise training, project development, knowledge exchange, and research initiatives. As a first step, the Network initiated a workshop series identifying practical actions to advance deep-water research and establish a framework for future activities (https://oneoceanhub.org/new-network-of-deep-water-researchers-aims-to-build-africas-capacity-for-deep-water-research/). In October 2023, the Hub has been endorsed as a UN Ocean Decade Implementing Partner, focusing on transdisciplinary research. Hub researchers at the University of Plymouth will present findings, experience and practices of the Hub deep-sea research at the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona, Spain in April 2024 as part of a satellite event titled "Deepening the Decade" to be held at the Banquet Hall of the Conference, Paris, France in April 2024 in collaboration with Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI) (see also a separate entry titled "Contributing to the UN Decade for Ocean Science"). As part of the efforts to strengthen deep-sea capacity building in Africa, in February 2023, Hub researcher Dr Kerry Sink (South Africa National Biodiversity Institute) and a team of marine scientists in South Africa embarked on a multi-institutional and multi-disciplinary offshore expedition to enhance the capacity of young southern African scientists and to collect data in outer shelf and deep-sea habitats. The cruise was funded by the Hub (https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-supported-deep-sea-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/). The main aim of the cruise was to develop the capacity of a team of young researchers who can work together to solve the challenges of offshore research and management. Research goals include the use of cutting-edge genetic research to detect environmental DNA of threatened species, exploring patterns in invertebrate and fish biodiversity with increasing depth and work to understand the drivers of these patterns in the dynamic high current environment of the Amathole Offshore Protected Area. The project also included innovative, social and cultural aspects that recognise the deep human connections with the ocean and the team are working on understanding the use of marine species in medicine and ritual practices, including the identification and mapping of Culturally Significant Areas in the coastal and ocean environment. The cruise was funded by the One Ocean Hub and it is an initiative of the Capacity Strengthening component of the Hub. In 2022, Hub researchers together with collaborators undertook a study to understand the challenges and solutions to develop capacity for deep-sea research and management in South Africa. One of the recommendations was to hold dedicated in-country expeditions using available or locally developed technology under local conditions. This can provide relevant opportunities for more researchers and is a valuable addition to the more common approach where one or two scientists are able to participate in an international expedition with equipment that is usually not available in-country. The research gear included a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV), deep-sea landers and oceanographic instruments. The ROV captures video and images and can collect biological samples using a manipulator arm. Researchers explored underwater caves and canyons and hope to find the elusive coelacanth which was first trawled off East London in South Africa in 1938 but since then has only been seen much further north of Pumula and Sodwana Bay in KwaZulu-Natal and in other countries in East Africa. Landers are remote underwater video stations that are baited and allow scientists to record fish, sharks and other deep-sea creatures attracted to the bait. Ten students from seven different universities and institutes participated in the cruise facilitated by the South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) and the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). This included the University of KwaZululu Natal, Rhodes University, Nelson Mandela University, and the University of Cape Town. Oceanography sediment and biodiversity data were collected to contribute to three Ph.D. studies and two Master's theses with additional collaborative publications spanning multiple disciplines underway by the group. The team relied on standard and new technology for ocean sampling using remote visual tools to obtain imagery of the seabed, Conductivity-Temperature-Depth profilers (CTDs) to measure changes in ocean variables with depth and conducted surveys of marine species used in medicine and ritual in East London. Technician JJ Forgus developed skills in collecting specimens from the depth using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) with a claw that can be used for targeted specimen samplings. SANBI emerging researcher gained experience as a Chief Scientist, a rare opportunity for a young scientist. The Hub's deep-sea capacity strengthening partnerships has also brought positive environmental impacts. The deep-sea cruise conducted in 2023, for example, involved the use of 29 remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives conducted by the team, two of these presented an opportunity for invertebrate samples to be collected, whilst some excellent footage of never-before-seen habitats, including deep-water canyons, sticky mud habitats, as well as creatures rarely witnessed in situ collected during the remaining dives (https://oneoceanhub.org/dedicated-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/). Two dredges and 18 sediment samples were achieved to gather invertebrate samples to be used in the Foundational Biodiversity Information Programme's (FBIP) SeaMap project recently awarded to the Egagasini Node of the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON). This project is aimed at developing South Africa's marine invertebrate DNA barcode catalogue and will also produce the country's first data-driven ecosystem map using species records from visual surveys. A total of ten deepsea lander deployments were accomplished, establishing the record for the deepest lander dive in South Africa thus far at a depth of 1036 meters. Pressures at these depths exceed 100 times those experienced at the surface, so not only are the creatures adapted to these conditions truly something to behold, but it is also testimony to the progress made in maritime engineering. Those involved in this enterprise made great strides in bringing Africa to the forefront of what is possible with deep-sea exploration. The expedition, which spanned 157 hours at sea, covered a total of 901 nautical miles. This collaboration has also brought positive social impacts. The Hub's researchers are investing in science communication and ocean literacy- a sharing of diverse sets of knowledge across knowledge types and knowledge holders including disciplines, groups and generations. Building ocean literacy is an ongoing process; one that will continue over the course of each scientist's journey, as the ocean and social systems we seek to protect are ever-changing. That is why a dynamic, integrated, and collaborative approach is needed for the sustainable and equitable management of our oceans. The capacity development and transdisciplinary components of the deep-sea expedition and the MzanSea ocean literacy project for example, sought to overcome the old narrative of separate sciences, to draw from the diverse pool of expertise created by the multiplicity of team members, so that learning could be facilitated, which better serves society and our seas. The deep-sea expedition conducted in 2023 contributed to the identification and mapping of Culturally Significant Areas in the coastal and ocean environment of South Africa. All the events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration - as outlined in the "outcomes section" - were attended by a total of 102,744 persons. The capacity strengthening collaboration under the Hub also has strengthened gender equality and inclusivity. All the Hub's capacity strengthening sessions were attended by predominantly women audience. On average over 60 per cent of participants in these evens were women. This speaks to the interests of women in this field and the need for capacity building for women. The co-directors of the Hub's deep-sea research programme, Prof Kerry Howell (University of Plymouth, UK) and Dr Kerry Sink (SANBI, South Africa) are female scientists. Around 50 per cent of Hub researchers involved in deep-sea research are female from different career stages, senior academics and early career researchers. The impact of this collaboration in strengthening gender equality and inclusivity is evident from the leadership of Dr Kirsty McQuaid in establishing the African Network of Deep-water Researchers and Safiyya Sedick who played a crucial role as the coordinating officer for the Hub funded deep-sea cruise in 2023.
Impact Further Funding: The SANBI/Rhodes collaboration which formed under the One Ocean Hub has led to a successful new project, funded by the South African National Research Foundation, titled 'Deep Connections'. Deep Connections is a 3-year project which will start in 2021 (see Further Funding). The Deep Connections project is a multi-disciplinary project that aims to build knowledge about offshore marine connectivity for inclusion in spatial assessment and prioritisation. This will be achieved by investigating genetic, species and ecosystem levels of biodiversity together with targeted geoscience and oceanographic research and innovative socio-cultural learning and knowledge co-production. This project builds on the transdisciplinary team working on related aspects through the One Ocean Hub and strives to help address current capacity shortfalls and gaps in spatial assessment and planning. The collaboration between Rhodes University and the University of Plymouth on biodiscovery has led to a new international research collaboration to discover and accelerate the development of new antibiotics namely 'Harnessing Natural Product Diversity to Combat Multidrug Resistance' which started in July 2020 and is scheduled to be finalised in September 2024 following no-cost extension for the project (see Further Funding) https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/news/uk-nil-south-africa-research-team-to-establish-hub-for-discovery-of-new-antibiotics Publications: • Howell, K; Hilrio, A; Allcock, L; Bailey, D; Baker, M; Clark, MR; Colaco, A;Copley, J; Cordes, E; Danovaro, R; Dissanayake, A; Escobar, E; Esquete, P; Gallagher, A; Gates, A; Gaudron, SM; German CR; Gjerde, KM; Higgs, ND; Le Bris, N; Levin, L; Manea, E; McClain, C; Menot, L; Mestre, N; Metaxas, A; Milligan R; Muthumbi, A; Narayanaswamy, B; Ramalho, S; Ramirez-Llodra, E; Robson, L; Rogers, A; Sellanes, J; Sigwart, J; Sink, K; Snelgrove, P.V.R; Stefanoudis, P; Sumida, P; Taylor, M; Thurber, A; Vieira R; Watanabe, HK; Woodall, L; Xavier, J. (2020). A decade to study deep-sea life. Nature Ecology & Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01352-5. • Howell K.L., Hilário A, Allcock, AL, Bailey DM., Baker M, Clark MR., Colaço A, C Jon, Cordes E E., Danovaro R, Dissanayake A, Escobar E, Esquete P, Gallagher AJ., Gates AR., Gaudron SM., German CR., Gjerde KM., Higgs ND., Le Bris N, Levin LA., Manea E, McClain C, Menot L, Mestre NC., Metaxas A, Milligan RJ., Muthumbi AWN., Narayanaswamy BE., Ramalho SP., Ramirez-Llodra E, Robson LM., Rogers AD., Sellanes J, Sigwart JD., Sink K, Snelgrove PV, Stefanoudis PV., Sumida PY., Taylor ML., Thurber AR., Vieira RP., Watanabe HK., Woodall LC., Xavier JR. (2020). A Blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea Ocean Decade Field Program. Frontiers in Marine Science https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861 • Worm, B; Elliff C; Fonseca JG; Gell FR; Gon'alves ACS; Helder N; Murray K; Peckham H; Prelovec L; Sink K. Making Ocean Literacy Inclusive and Accessible. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics https://doi.org/10.3354/esep00196 • Wynberg, R; Grorud-Colvert, K; Thambisetty, S; Bandarra, N.M; Can?rio, A.V.M; da Silva, J; Duarte, C.M; Jaspars, M; Rogers, A; Sink, K; Wabnitz, C.C.C. (2020). The ocean genome and future prospects for conservation and equity. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0522-9. • Morgera, E. (2018-19). "Fair and equitable benefit-sharing in a new international instrument on marine biodiversity: A principled approach towards partnership building?" 5 Maritime Safety and Security Law Journal 48-7. https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3234346 • Morgera E. (2020). Biodiversity as a Human Right and Its Implications for the EU as External Actor, published by European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/603491/EXPO_STU(2020)603491_EN.pdf • Morgera, E (2021) "The Relevance of the Human Right to Science for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: A New Legally Binding Instrument to Support Co-Production of Ocean Knowledge across Scales" in Vito De Lucia, Lan Nguyen and Alex G. Oude Elferink (eds), International Law and Marine Areas beyond National Jurisdiction: Current Status and Future Trends (Brill, Forthcoming). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3870399 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3870399 • Morgera E, McQuaid K, La Bianca G, Niner H, Shannon L, Strand M, Rees S, Howell K, Snow B, Lancaster AMSN & Sauer W. 2023. Addressing the Ocean-Climate Nexus in the BBNJ Agreement: Strategic Environmental Assessments, Human Rights and Equity in Ocean Science. The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38: 1-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10139. • Harden-Davies H, Amon DJ, Vierros M, Bax NJ, Hanich Q, Hills JM, Guilhon M, McQuaid KA, Mohammed E, Pouponneau A, Seto KL, Sink K, Talma S & Woodall L. 2022. Capacity development in the Ocean Decade and beyond: Key questions about meanings, motivations, pathways, and measurements. Earth System Governance 12: 100138. DOI: 10.1016/j.esg.2022.100138. Policy Brief How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/ Artistic product - DiepRespek: Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems film/video. Available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6kdnR2eXmgDiepRespek video was featured in a blog of the South Africa Deep-Sea Trawling Industry Association, which noted that the video was "spreading quickly among fishing crews working in South Africa's trawl fishery for hake.": https://www.sadstia.co.za/news/dieprespek-shines-a-fresh-light-on-vulnerable-marine-ecosystems/ - "The Indlela Yokuphila (the Soul Journey)." Available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNm-Yf8Dt10. The short film "Indlela Yokuphila" meaning "the Soul's journey" in Zulu was researched and narrated by Mpume Mthombeni (Empatheatre) and directed by Marc Moynihan (Shells & Spells) and Dr. Dylan McGarry (Empatheatre/Rhodes University), the film aims to make intangible ocean heritages more tangible in governance and education through animation and public dialogue, and return the sacred to our conversations around ocean wellbeing. Short films: - "From the bottom of the sea to the laboratory," available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPJ7935sOd0&t=12s - "Understanding the deep sea" short film, available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wUSOYfPOdDI. Blogposts: Baker M, Ramirez-Llodra E and Tyler P. (2020). "Natural Capital and Exploitation of the Deep Ocean." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/natural-capital-and-exploitation-of-the-deep-ocean/ Febrica S. (2021). "One Ocean Hub holds a "Deep-sea life summit"". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-one-ocean-hub-holds-a-deep-sea-life-summit/ Febrica S. (2020). "Calling for An Integrated Framework to Manage the High Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/calling-for-an-integrated-framework-to-manage-the-high-seas/ One Ocean Hub. (2021). MzanSea - Launcing an innovative ocean literacy website and children's activity book. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/MzanSea-an-innovative-ocean-literacy-project-launches-a-website-and-a-childrens-activity-book/ Lavelle J. (2021). "Towards a community of practice for equitable and sustainable marine biodiversity in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-a-community-of-practice-for-equitable-and-sustainable-marine-biodiscovery-in-south-africa/ Lavelle J. (2021). "New study on inclusive and equitable research and innovation in marine biodiscovery." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-study-on-inclusive-and-equitable-research-and-innovation-in-marine-biodiscovery/ Niner H and McQuaid K. (2021). "Defining the environmental impact assessment process for deep-sea mining." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/defining-the-environmental-impact-assessment-process-for-deep-sea-mining/ One Ocean Hub. (2020). "Focus on: Deep Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/focus-on-deep-sea/ One Ocean Hub. (2020). "Researchers' Contribution to the international negotiations on Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction Negotiation." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction-negotiation/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "New network of deep-water researchers aims to build Africa's capacity for deep-water research." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-network-of-deep-water-researchers-aims-to-build-africas-capacity-for-deep-water-research/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Deepening offshore research capacity in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-supported-deep-sea-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/ Wynberg R, Dorrington R, Upton M and Sink K. (2020). "Biodiscovery: Exploring the Science-Policy Interface in the One Ocean Hub." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/biodiscovery-exploring-the-science-policy-interface-in-the-one-ocean-hub/ One Ocean Hub. (2021). Challenges and solutions for deep-sea research and management in South Africa. Available from: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/ Website of MzanSea: https://MzanSea.org/ Report: Sink KJ, McQuaid K, Atkinson LJ, Palmer RM, Van der Heever G, Majiedt PA, Dunga LV, Currie JC, Adams R, Wahome M, Howell K & AW Patterson. 2021. Challenges and Solutions to develop capacity for Deep-sea Research and Management in South Africa. South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa, 35pp. Available: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/. Outcomes This partnership is working towards the specific outcome of increased research capacity in deep-sea knowledge, techniques and data (SDG 14A). Towards this outcome, the partnership has began a programme of deep-sea research methods training. They delivered training in benthic biodiversity data collection to 15 researchers and government scientists from both South Africa and Namibia in collaboration with the DOSI-Project. This has led to further collaboration to develop new Namibian Deep-Sea Benthic Collections with representatives of Namibia Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources in 2021 to now. Events carried out in 2021-2024. SANBI have participated and presented in all meetings of the South Africa Marine Spatial Planning Working Group. In addition, this working group benefitted from the new interdisciplinary connections developed under the One Ocean Hub: interdisciplinary input from the One Ocean Hub team was provided at an information session on "Marine spatial biodiversity priorities as an input into marine spatial planning", which took place on 22 October 2020, hosted by Biodiversity & Coastal Research Department of Environmental Affairs, Forestry and Fisheries (DEFF): Oceans and Coasts, South Africa Government. As an outcome of this meeting, members of the technical team of planners who inform environmental priorities in marine spatial planning have requested a follow-up meeting with Hub researchers to discuss key issues raised in 2021. The MzanSea team have presented to the Marine and Coastal Educators Network and are in discussion with members of this network from the three South Africa aquariums on the implementation of the MzanSea products. In December 2021, a new website of the MzanSea (see: https://MzanSea.org/) was launched. The MzanSea team also developed a children's activity book and a set of fact sheets. The MzanSea products also include elements about why and how to care for ocean ecosystems and also profiles young marine scientists studying different ecosystem types. The Indlela Yokuphila animation project was launched during the UN World Oceans Day in June 2023. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNm-Yf8Dt10). This event was attended by 34 attendees. It was already showcased at the following events: - "Indlela yokuphila (the path of life)," the UN World Ocean Week in June 2020 (here: https://bit.ly/3HXx2K1). This event was attended by 72 attendees. - "Climate-related conflict: arts-based mediation and recourse to redress," the One Ocean Hub joint side event with the Green Climate Fund in November 2021 for Climate COP26. This event was attended by 26 attendees (here: https://bit.ly/3i0MYk9). - "Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa," the UN World Oceans Day side-event with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance and the UNDOALOS on 9 June 2023 (here: https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-short-film-indlela-yokuphila-the-souls-journey-at-the-united-nations-world-ocean-week/). This event was attended by 26 attendees. - Mpume Mthombeni's talk at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration, 9 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs"the official UN World Oceans Day celebration at the UN Headquarters in New York (here: https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2-uSE26tnU&t=63s ). The event was attended by 350 in-person attendees and 102,000 online attendees, reaching 110 UN member states. This collaboration has also contributed in co-organising three webinars for the UN World Oceans Day 2020-2021. • Studying the Sea - Accessing Ocean Research Career: https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=Arwc_wTwsJ4. This event was attended by 76 attendees. ? "Inclusive Ocean Conservation: Innovations in Marine Spatial Planning," organized for the UN World Oceans Day 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mP4LU8_4KK8&t=2s. This event was attended by 29 persons. ? "Wonders of the Deep", organized for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvUJvqPB6is. This event was attended by 131 attendees. Disciplines involved in this collaboration: deep-sea science, sociology, anthropology, arts.
Start Year 2020
 
Description Capacity Strengthening and Connecting Knowledge Systems in the Deep Sea 
Organisation University of KwaZulu-Natal
Country South Africa 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The interdisciplinary framework of the One Ocean Hub has brought together within South Africa, for the first time, deep-sea scientists (South Africa National Biodiversity Institute, University of Plymouth), sociologists (Rhodes University and University of Cape Town), artists (Rhodes University), and expertise in knowledge systems, ethics, and benefit sharing (University of Cape Town), together with expertise in ethical innovation and knowledge production at the University of Strathclyde, UK. This interdisciplinary team seeks to address two critical challenges fundamental in underpinning fair and equitable access to and benefit from deep sea ecosystems: 1. Building capacity to undertake research in the deep sea in low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC) countries There are historical barriers to wider global participation in offshore research. This has impact on the ability of all nations to participate in evidence-based decision-making on deep-sea areas within their jurisdictions and beyond. Widening participation in deep-sea science has therefore become a significant goal of the Hub. While planned cruises and research have initially been delayed by COVID and eventually been canceled because of the ODA budget cuts, the planning of the cruise for two years had nonetheless allowed the emergence of a more considered approach to the design of deep-sea science capacity-strengthening programme that will benefit researchers in future opportunities for international collaboration. 2. Integrating knowledge systems and learning from multiple conceptions of the deep sea, for holistic ocean literacy Understanding and surfacing different ways of knowing the deep sea, as well as decolonising the science of the Deep Sea, are critical steps in addressing issues of inequity in representation and participation in deep-sea research (including with indigenous knowledge systems). Integrating different ways of knowing and understanding the deep sea has become a key interdisciplinary focus for the Hub, working towards ocean literacy outputs informed by both science and indigenous knowledge systems. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations listed below are part of the Hub's original application: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; University of Edinburgh, UK; University of Plymouth, UK. • partner organisation based in the Global South: South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa. The new partnership generated by this collaboration includes: • research organization based in the Global South: University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa • partner organisation based in the Global South: South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), South Africa
Collaborator Contribution University of Strathclyde, University of Plymouth and South Africa National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI): Understanding the barriers to deep-sea science and research in a LMIC context. The team undertook a survey of deep-sea and marine scientists on Access to Marine Subject Area Education and Research to understand the barriers to deep-sea research and how LMIC country researchers can be better supported and included. The survey yielded evidence that supports the Hub approach: training on the use of equipment and inclusion on research cruises will be most impactful (as opposed to data sharing agreements, which are also valued). In addition, a campaign around ocean literacy that increases knowledge and interest in deep-science research careers will create a pipeline of future scientists and a populace that invests in it. This has further informed the design of the Hub's capacity-strengthening programme for deep-sea research, and ocean literacy at all levels. This has resulted in a public report that will inform the Hub's contributions to the UN Decade of Ocean Science and policy advice to ocean funders. Follow-up research will connect the report findings with new research on the human right to science and on the relevance of cultural heritage for deep-sea research. The capacity strengthening programme led by SANBI and University of Plymouth, in partnership with the Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI), involves the design and delivery of a programme of training across key aspects and skill areas of deep-sea research, targeted to researchers and government scientists, including in conducting the first benthic survey in Namibia. Partnership in marine benthic mapping has been reported separately under 'Partnership for Marine Habitat Mapping in the South-East Atlantic'. This partnership has delivered training in deep-sea taxonomy and species distribution modelling to South African scientists and students, and developed a new global platform to support identification of deep-sea animals. It has also supported initial steps in the establishment of a national benthic invertebrate monitoring programme in Namibia in support of MSC certification of the important Namibian Hake fishery. This has involved knowledge sharing between neighbouring South Africa and Namibia as well as between North and South Atlantic basins. In addition, a new partnership between the University of Rhodes and the University of Plymouth has been established focused on biodiscovery. The partnership is also collating undergraduate training materials in marine science to make available in a usable package to educators in higher education institutions across South Africa. SANBI also leads on engagement with the South Africa Government in increasing capacity for knowledge-based decision making for the marine ecosystem. As active members of the Marine Spatial Planning Working Group of the South Africa Government, SANBI are well placed to connect Hub outputs with key actors, and support capacity strengthening for implementation. South Africa National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) SANBI led on a Flexible Fund project titled 'MzanSea: Revealing South Africa's Marine Ecosystems', which was implemented in 2021. MzanSea aims to foster ocean literacy and provide resources for educators, students and decision makers. The project is a direct response to the outcomes emerging from the Marine and Coastal Educators Network (MCEN) conference in early 2020, which was the realisation of the limited knowledge and resources on marine ecosystems in general and deep ocean ecosystems in particular within South Africa. Educators themselves were not able to connect to these ecosystems and therefore neither were their students. Additionally, despite South Africa having 12 official languages, as far as we are aware there are no ocean educational resources in languages other than English or Afrikaans, thereby failing to reach a large proportion of people in South Africa. There is therefore a need for educational resources regarding marine ecosystems in South Africa in multiple languages. SANBI will lead on the production of a suite of resources revealing 14 marine ecosystem types suitable for learners from children to decision makers. These resources will also be translated into at least 3 coastal languages (Xhosa, Zulu, Afrikaans). Through the One Ocean Hub, the deep-sea science team behind MzanSea, have partnered with colleagues from Rhodes University Environmental Learning Research Centre, to expand MzanSea to include other forms of knowledge. Bridging the fields of marine science and marine sociology/anthropology, the researchers are collaborating at the intersection of cultural heritage and scientific heritage in describing at least 9 of the 14 marine ecosystems of South Africa, through both perspectives. This collaboration seeks to highlight the alignment between indigenous and scientific knowledge. The collaboration began as an output of early cultural heritage research by the Rhodes team, which produced the Indlela yokuphila Empatheatre animation project which offers a digital storytelling experience through animation that tells the story of the soul's journey through the oceans in Zulu traditional ancestral belief. This will now be worked into the MzanSea outputs to form a holistic package of ocean literacy materials. The SANBI/Rhodes University collaboration has expanded to include also colleagues at the University of Cape Town, to explore the intersection of scientific and indigenous knowledge in the context of the deep sea more broadly. This team have formed the 'Deep Knowing' working group. In this collaboration, the University of Cape Town, through a PhD research project, is examining the epistemological interactions and practical implications of working with different knowledge systems, specifically "Science" and "Indigenous Knowledge Systems". The group will also examine specific ethical questions (linked to the One Ocean Hub code of practice) - around representation, participation and working with indigenous/contextual/embodied ways of knowing in the context of deep-sea science. The resulting MzanSea website and resources (including a children's activity book) have been launched in 2022 and received early international recognition by being included in the resources of a new e-learning course produced by the UN Environment programme for 13-15 years old youth on children's human right to a healthy environment. University of Cape Town research on fair marine biodiscovery also provides substantial contribution to the partnership. On August 3rd, 2021, the Bio-economy Research Chair at the University of Cape Town in partnership with the One Ocean Hub hosted a webinar on marine biodiscovery in South Africa to bring together scientists, regulators and policymakers to present and discuss findings relating to the equitable and sustainable use of marine genetic resources. This stems from research conducted by Dr Jessica Lavelle and Professor Rachel Wynberg which explored historical and current activities relating to marine biodiscovery, its governance and existing (dis)connections in law, science and policy. The intention of the research is to explore opportunities for harmonising science and policy to enable approaches for equitable and sustainable marine biodiscovery in South Africa. The collaboration between Rhodes University and University of Plymouth on biodiscovery which formed under the One Ocean Hub has led to a development of a new project 'Harnessing Natural Product Diversity to Combat Multidrug Resistance'. The project is funded by Newton Fund via UK Medical Research Council and South African Medical Research Council (July 2020-December 2023). This project is aimed to enable researchers to explore biodiverse rich habitats, deep oceans and polar environments for novel and natural compounds. It brings together scientists from the UK and South Africa, to establish an Antibiotic Accelerator Hub to significantly boost capacity for discovery of new antibiotics. As part of this project, Hub researcher from Rhodes University, Professor Rosemary Dorrington, will lead South African researchers to form the 'Natural product research network', alongside a UK research consortium led by Hub researcher at University of Plymouth, Professor Mathew Upton, with partners at the universities of Bristol, Leeds, St Andrews and Aberdeen. It is hoped that this collaboration will not only benefit healthcare globally but will also support the bio-economies of both South Africa and the UK, ensuring fair and equitable sharing of the benefits of any new drugs arising from the research with communities in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). The £1.9 million funding also includes £1.9 million includes £412,000 funding for a seed project, which will explore the diversity of antimicrobial peptides in South Africa to identify potential new antibiotics (See: https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/news/uk-nil-south-africa-research-team-to-establish-hub-for-discovery-of-new-antibiotics). As part of capacity strengthening, researchers from the University of Edinburgh contribute in expanding knowledge of offshore biodiversity by conducting research on cold-water coral reef growth and loss in a changing ocean through the development of online training, teaching and learning resources, video, and on-site training. The aim of the research is to predict future integrity of key deep-sea habitats (cold-water corals) and provide data also on cold-water coral reef growth and loss to inform the taxonomic atlas and ecosystem mapping. This collaboration has achieved demonstrable policy impacts. In June 2022, the Hub's deep-sea research ("One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4") was endorsed as an official Decade Action under the UN Ocean Science Decade's Challenger 150 programme. This is a collaboration between the University of Strathclyde, the University of Plymouth, the University of Namibia, SANBI and NMU. Under the Challenger 150 Programme, Hub researchers have supported deep-sea capacity development efforts through the establishment of a UN Decade African Network of Deep-water Researchers (for detailed information read also collaboration titled "MARINE HABITAT MAPPING IN THE SOUTH-EAST ATLANTIC"). Established in 2023 and led by Hub early-career researcher Dr Kirsty McQuaid (SANBI, South Africa and the University of Plymouth, UK), the African Network of Deep-water Researchers aims to connect researchers, skills, infrastructure and resources within Africa, and with a global community of deep-water researchers, to build on the continent's capacity for deep-water research in support of sustainable development. Open to African nationals globally and individuals in African institutions, the Network encompasses all disciplines related to deep-water (beyond 30m depth, excluding scuba diving) and is open to all sectors. To date, the Network comprises over 250 members from 27 African nations, representing over 140 institutions. 76% of members are self-identified Early Career Researchers (<10 years professional experience, following the global UN ECOP Programme). Although still in a development phase, key activities are anticipated to emphasise training, project development, knowledge exchange, and research initiatives. As a first step, the Network initiated a workshop series identifying practical actions to advance deep-water research and establish a framework for future activities (https://oneoceanhub.org/new-network-of-deep-water-researchers-aims-to-build-africas-capacity-for-deep-water-research/). In October 2023, the Hub has been endorsed as a UN Ocean Decade Implementing Partner, focusing on transdisciplinary research. Hub researchers at the University of Plymouth will present findings, experience and practices of the Hub deep-sea research at the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona, Spain in April 2024 as part of a satellite event titled "Deepening the Decade" to be held at the Banquet Hall of the Conference, Paris, France in April 2024 in collaboration with Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI) (see also a separate entry titled "Contributing to the UN Decade for Ocean Science"). As part of the efforts to strengthen deep-sea capacity building in Africa, in February 2023, Hub researcher Dr Kerry Sink (South Africa National Biodiversity Institute) and a team of marine scientists in South Africa embarked on a multi-institutional and multi-disciplinary offshore expedition to enhance the capacity of young southern African scientists and to collect data in outer shelf and deep-sea habitats. The cruise was funded by the Hub (https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-supported-deep-sea-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/). The main aim of the cruise was to develop the capacity of a team of young researchers who can work together to solve the challenges of offshore research and management. Research goals include the use of cutting-edge genetic research to detect environmental DNA of threatened species, exploring patterns in invertebrate and fish biodiversity with increasing depth and work to understand the drivers of these patterns in the dynamic high current environment of the Amathole Offshore Protected Area. The project also included innovative, social and cultural aspects that recognise the deep human connections with the ocean and the team are working on understanding the use of marine species in medicine and ritual practices, including the identification and mapping of Culturally Significant Areas in the coastal and ocean environment. The cruise was funded by the One Ocean Hub and it is an initiative of the Capacity Strengthening component of the Hub. In 2022, Hub researchers together with collaborators undertook a study to understand the challenges and solutions to develop capacity for deep-sea research and management in South Africa. One of the recommendations was to hold dedicated in-country expeditions using available or locally developed technology under local conditions. This can provide relevant opportunities for more researchers and is a valuable addition to the more common approach where one or two scientists are able to participate in an international expedition with equipment that is usually not available in-country. The research gear included a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV), deep-sea landers and oceanographic instruments. The ROV captures video and images and can collect biological samples using a manipulator arm. Researchers explored underwater caves and canyons and hope to find the elusive coelacanth which was first trawled off East London in South Africa in 1938 but since then has only been seen much further north of Pumula and Sodwana Bay in KwaZulu-Natal and in other countries in East Africa. Landers are remote underwater video stations that are baited and allow scientists to record fish, sharks and other deep-sea creatures attracted to the bait. Ten students from seven different universities and institutes participated in the cruise facilitated by the South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) and the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). This included the University of KwaZululu Natal, Rhodes University, Nelson Mandela University, and the University of Cape Town. Oceanography sediment and biodiversity data were collected to contribute to three Ph.D. studies and two Master's theses with additional collaborative publications spanning multiple disciplines underway by the group. The team relied on standard and new technology for ocean sampling using remote visual tools to obtain imagery of the seabed, Conductivity-Temperature-Depth profilers (CTDs) to measure changes in ocean variables with depth and conducted surveys of marine species used in medicine and ritual in East London. Technician JJ Forgus developed skills in collecting specimens from the depth using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) with a claw that can be used for targeted specimen samplings. SANBI emerging researcher gained experience as a Chief Scientist, a rare opportunity for a young scientist. The Hub's deep-sea capacity strengthening partnerships has also brought positive environmental impacts. The deep-sea cruise conducted in 2023, for example, involved the use of 29 remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives conducted by the team, two of these presented an opportunity for invertebrate samples to be collected, whilst some excellent footage of never-before-seen habitats, including deep-water canyons, sticky mud habitats, as well as creatures rarely witnessed in situ collected during the remaining dives (https://oneoceanhub.org/dedicated-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/). Two dredges and 18 sediment samples were achieved to gather invertebrate samples to be used in the Foundational Biodiversity Information Programme's (FBIP) SeaMap project recently awarded to the Egagasini Node of the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON). This project is aimed at developing South Africa's marine invertebrate DNA barcode catalogue and will also produce the country's first data-driven ecosystem map using species records from visual surveys. A total of ten deepsea lander deployments were accomplished, establishing the record for the deepest lander dive in South Africa thus far at a depth of 1036 meters. Pressures at these depths exceed 100 times those experienced at the surface, so not only are the creatures adapted to these conditions truly something to behold, but it is also testimony to the progress made in maritime engineering. Those involved in this enterprise made great strides in bringing Africa to the forefront of what is possible with deep-sea exploration. The expedition, which spanned 157 hours at sea, covered a total of 901 nautical miles. This collaboration has also brought positive social impacts. The Hub's researchers are investing in science communication and ocean literacy- a sharing of diverse sets of knowledge across knowledge types and knowledge holders including disciplines, groups and generations. Building ocean literacy is an ongoing process; one that will continue over the course of each scientist's journey, as the ocean and social systems we seek to protect are ever-changing. That is why a dynamic, integrated, and collaborative approach is needed for the sustainable and equitable management of our oceans. The capacity development and transdisciplinary components of the deep-sea expedition and the MzanSea ocean literacy project for example, sought to overcome the old narrative of separate sciences, to draw from the diverse pool of expertise created by the multiplicity of team members, so that learning could be facilitated, which better serves society and our seas. The deep-sea expedition conducted in 2023 contributed to the identification and mapping of Culturally Significant Areas in the coastal and ocean environment of South Africa. All the events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration - as outlined in the "outcomes section" - were attended by a total of 102,744 persons. The capacity strengthening collaboration under the Hub also has strengthened gender equality and inclusivity. All the Hub's capacity strengthening sessions were attended by predominantly women audience. On average over 60 per cent of participants in these evens were women. This speaks to the interests of women in this field and the need for capacity building for women. The co-directors of the Hub's deep-sea research programme, Prof Kerry Howell (University of Plymouth, UK) and Dr Kerry Sink (SANBI, South Africa) are female scientists. Around 50 per cent of Hub researchers involved in deep-sea research are female from different career stages, senior academics and early career researchers. The impact of this collaboration in strengthening gender equality and inclusivity is evident from the leadership of Dr Kirsty McQuaid in establishing the African Network of Deep-water Researchers and Safiyya Sedick who played a crucial role as the coordinating officer for the Hub funded deep-sea cruise in 2023.
Impact Further Funding: The SANBI/Rhodes collaboration which formed under the One Ocean Hub has led to a successful new project, funded by the South African National Research Foundation, titled 'Deep Connections'. Deep Connections is a 3-year project which will start in 2021 (see Further Funding). The Deep Connections project is a multi-disciplinary project that aims to build knowledge about offshore marine connectivity for inclusion in spatial assessment and prioritisation. This will be achieved by investigating genetic, species and ecosystem levels of biodiversity together with targeted geoscience and oceanographic research and innovative socio-cultural learning and knowledge co-production. This project builds on the transdisciplinary team working on related aspects through the One Ocean Hub and strives to help address current capacity shortfalls and gaps in spatial assessment and planning. The collaboration between Rhodes University and the University of Plymouth on biodiscovery has led to a new international research collaboration to discover and accelerate the development of new antibiotics namely 'Harnessing Natural Product Diversity to Combat Multidrug Resistance' which started in July 2020 and is scheduled to be finalised in September 2024 following no-cost extension for the project (see Further Funding) https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/news/uk-nil-south-africa-research-team-to-establish-hub-for-discovery-of-new-antibiotics Publications: • Howell, K; Hilrio, A; Allcock, L; Bailey, D; Baker, M; Clark, MR; Colaco, A;Copley, J; Cordes, E; Danovaro, R; Dissanayake, A; Escobar, E; Esquete, P; Gallagher, A; Gates, A; Gaudron, SM; German CR; Gjerde, KM; Higgs, ND; Le Bris, N; Levin, L; Manea, E; McClain, C; Menot, L; Mestre, N; Metaxas, A; Milligan R; Muthumbi, A; Narayanaswamy, B; Ramalho, S; Ramirez-Llodra, E; Robson, L; Rogers, A; Sellanes, J; Sigwart, J; Sink, K; Snelgrove, P.V.R; Stefanoudis, P; Sumida, P; Taylor, M; Thurber, A; Vieira R; Watanabe, HK; Woodall, L; Xavier, J. (2020). A decade to study deep-sea life. Nature Ecology & Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01352-5. • Howell K.L., Hilário A, Allcock, AL, Bailey DM., Baker M, Clark MR., Colaço A, C Jon, Cordes E E., Danovaro R, Dissanayake A, Escobar E, Esquete P, Gallagher AJ., Gates AR., Gaudron SM., German CR., Gjerde KM., Higgs ND., Le Bris N, Levin LA., Manea E, McClain C, Menot L, Mestre NC., Metaxas A, Milligan RJ., Muthumbi AWN., Narayanaswamy BE., Ramalho SP., Ramirez-Llodra E, Robson LM., Rogers AD., Sellanes J, Sigwart JD., Sink K, Snelgrove PV, Stefanoudis PV., Sumida PY., Taylor ML., Thurber AR., Vieira RP., Watanabe HK., Woodall LC., Xavier JR. (2020). A Blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea Ocean Decade Field Program. Frontiers in Marine Science https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861 • Worm, B; Elliff C; Fonseca JG; Gell FR; Gon'alves ACS; Helder N; Murray K; Peckham H; Prelovec L; Sink K. Making Ocean Literacy Inclusive and Accessible. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics https://doi.org/10.3354/esep00196 • Wynberg, R; Grorud-Colvert, K; Thambisetty, S; Bandarra, N.M; Can?rio, A.V.M; da Silva, J; Duarte, C.M; Jaspars, M; Rogers, A; Sink, K; Wabnitz, C.C.C. (2020). The ocean genome and future prospects for conservation and equity. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0522-9. • Morgera, E. (2018-19). "Fair and equitable benefit-sharing in a new international instrument on marine biodiversity: A principled approach towards partnership building?" 5 Maritime Safety and Security Law Journal 48-7. https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3234346 • Morgera E. (2020). Biodiversity as a Human Right and Its Implications for the EU as External Actor, published by European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/603491/EXPO_STU(2020)603491_EN.pdf • Morgera, E (2021) "The Relevance of the Human Right to Science for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: A New Legally Binding Instrument to Support Co-Production of Ocean Knowledge across Scales" in Vito De Lucia, Lan Nguyen and Alex G. Oude Elferink (eds), International Law and Marine Areas beyond National Jurisdiction: Current Status and Future Trends (Brill, Forthcoming). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3870399 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3870399 • Morgera E, McQuaid K, La Bianca G, Niner H, Shannon L, Strand M, Rees S, Howell K, Snow B, Lancaster AMSN & Sauer W. 2023. Addressing the Ocean-Climate Nexus in the BBNJ Agreement: Strategic Environmental Assessments, Human Rights and Equity in Ocean Science. The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38: 1-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10139. • Harden-Davies H, Amon DJ, Vierros M, Bax NJ, Hanich Q, Hills JM, Guilhon M, McQuaid KA, Mohammed E, Pouponneau A, Seto KL, Sink K, Talma S & Woodall L. 2022. Capacity development in the Ocean Decade and beyond: Key questions about meanings, motivations, pathways, and measurements. Earth System Governance 12: 100138. DOI: 10.1016/j.esg.2022.100138. Policy Brief How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/ Artistic product - DiepRespek: Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems film/video. Available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6kdnR2eXmgDiepRespek video was featured in a blog of the South Africa Deep-Sea Trawling Industry Association, which noted that the video was "spreading quickly among fishing crews working in South Africa's trawl fishery for hake.": https://www.sadstia.co.za/news/dieprespek-shines-a-fresh-light-on-vulnerable-marine-ecosystems/ - "The Indlela Yokuphila (the Soul Journey)." Available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNm-Yf8Dt10. The short film "Indlela Yokuphila" meaning "the Soul's journey" in Zulu was researched and narrated by Mpume Mthombeni (Empatheatre) and directed by Marc Moynihan (Shells & Spells) and Dr. Dylan McGarry (Empatheatre/Rhodes University), the film aims to make intangible ocean heritages more tangible in governance and education through animation and public dialogue, and return the sacred to our conversations around ocean wellbeing. Short films: - "From the bottom of the sea to the laboratory," available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPJ7935sOd0&t=12s - "Understanding the deep sea" short film, available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wUSOYfPOdDI. Blogposts: Baker M, Ramirez-Llodra E and Tyler P. (2020). "Natural Capital and Exploitation of the Deep Ocean." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/natural-capital-and-exploitation-of-the-deep-ocean/ Febrica S. (2021). "One Ocean Hub holds a "Deep-sea life summit"". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-one-ocean-hub-holds-a-deep-sea-life-summit/ Febrica S. (2020). "Calling for An Integrated Framework to Manage the High Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/calling-for-an-integrated-framework-to-manage-the-high-seas/ One Ocean Hub. (2021). MzanSea - Launcing an innovative ocean literacy website and children's activity book. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/MzanSea-an-innovative-ocean-literacy-project-launches-a-website-and-a-childrens-activity-book/ Lavelle J. (2021). "Towards a community of practice for equitable and sustainable marine biodiversity in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-a-community-of-practice-for-equitable-and-sustainable-marine-biodiscovery-in-south-africa/ Lavelle J. (2021). "New study on inclusive and equitable research and innovation in marine biodiscovery." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-study-on-inclusive-and-equitable-research-and-innovation-in-marine-biodiscovery/ Niner H and McQuaid K. (2021). "Defining the environmental impact assessment process for deep-sea mining." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/defining-the-environmental-impact-assessment-process-for-deep-sea-mining/ One Ocean Hub. (2020). "Focus on: Deep Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/focus-on-deep-sea/ One Ocean Hub. (2020). "Researchers' Contribution to the international negotiations on Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction Negotiation." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction-negotiation/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "New network of deep-water researchers aims to build Africa's capacity for deep-water research." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-network-of-deep-water-researchers-aims-to-build-africas-capacity-for-deep-water-research/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Deepening offshore research capacity in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-supported-deep-sea-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/ Wynberg R, Dorrington R, Upton M and Sink K. (2020). "Biodiscovery: Exploring the Science-Policy Interface in the One Ocean Hub." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/biodiscovery-exploring-the-science-policy-interface-in-the-one-ocean-hub/ One Ocean Hub. (2021). Challenges and solutions for deep-sea research and management in South Africa. Available from: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/ Website of MzanSea: https://MzanSea.org/ Report: Sink KJ, McQuaid K, Atkinson LJ, Palmer RM, Van der Heever G, Majiedt PA, Dunga LV, Currie JC, Adams R, Wahome M, Howell K & AW Patterson. 2021. Challenges and Solutions to develop capacity for Deep-sea Research and Management in South Africa. South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa, 35pp. Available: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/. Outcomes This partnership is working towards the specific outcome of increased research capacity in deep-sea knowledge, techniques and data (SDG 14A). Towards this outcome, the partnership has began a programme of deep-sea research methods training. They delivered training in benthic biodiversity data collection to 15 researchers and government scientists from both South Africa and Namibia in collaboration with the DOSI-Project. This has led to further collaboration to develop new Namibian Deep-Sea Benthic Collections with representatives of Namibia Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources in 2021 to now. Events carried out in 2021-2024. SANBI have participated and presented in all meetings of the South Africa Marine Spatial Planning Working Group. In addition, this working group benefitted from the new interdisciplinary connections developed under the One Ocean Hub: interdisciplinary input from the One Ocean Hub team was provided at an information session on "Marine spatial biodiversity priorities as an input into marine spatial planning", which took place on 22 October 2020, hosted by Biodiversity & Coastal Research Department of Environmental Affairs, Forestry and Fisheries (DEFF): Oceans and Coasts, South Africa Government. As an outcome of this meeting, members of the technical team of planners who inform environmental priorities in marine spatial planning have requested a follow-up meeting with Hub researchers to discuss key issues raised in 2021. The MzanSea team have presented to the Marine and Coastal Educators Network and are in discussion with members of this network from the three South Africa aquariums on the implementation of the MzanSea products. In December 2021, a new website of the MzanSea (see: https://MzanSea.org/) was launched. The MzanSea team also developed a children's activity book and a set of fact sheets. The MzanSea products also include elements about why and how to care for ocean ecosystems and also profiles young marine scientists studying different ecosystem types. The Indlela Yokuphila animation project was launched during the UN World Oceans Day in June 2023. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNm-Yf8Dt10). This event was attended by 34 attendees. It was already showcased at the following events: - "Indlela yokuphila (the path of life)," the UN World Ocean Week in June 2020 (here: https://bit.ly/3HXx2K1). This event was attended by 72 attendees. - "Climate-related conflict: arts-based mediation and recourse to redress," the One Ocean Hub joint side event with the Green Climate Fund in November 2021 for Climate COP26. This event was attended by 26 attendees (here: https://bit.ly/3i0MYk9). - "Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa," the UN World Oceans Day side-event with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance and the UNDOALOS on 9 June 2023 (here: https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-short-film-indlela-yokuphila-the-souls-journey-at-the-united-nations-world-ocean-week/). This event was attended by 26 attendees. - Mpume Mthombeni's talk at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration, 9 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs"the official UN World Oceans Day celebration at the UN Headquarters in New York (here: https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2-uSE26tnU&t=63s ). The event was attended by 350 in-person attendees and 102,000 online attendees, reaching 110 UN member states. This collaboration has also contributed in co-organising three webinars for the UN World Oceans Day 2020-2021. • Studying the Sea - Accessing Ocean Research Career: https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=Arwc_wTwsJ4. This event was attended by 76 attendees. ? "Inclusive Ocean Conservation: Innovations in Marine Spatial Planning," organized for the UN World Oceans Day 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mP4LU8_4KK8&t=2s. This event was attended by 29 persons. ? "Wonders of the Deep", organized for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvUJvqPB6is. This event was attended by 131 attendees. Disciplines involved in this collaboration: deep-sea science, sociology, anthropology, arts.
Start Year 2020
 
Description Capacity Strengthening and Connecting Knowledge Systems in the Deep Sea 
Organisation University of Plymouth
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The interdisciplinary framework of the One Ocean Hub has brought together within South Africa, for the first time, deep-sea scientists (South Africa National Biodiversity Institute, University of Plymouth), sociologists (Rhodes University and University of Cape Town), artists (Rhodes University), and expertise in knowledge systems, ethics, and benefit sharing (University of Cape Town), together with expertise in ethical innovation and knowledge production at the University of Strathclyde, UK. This interdisciplinary team seeks to address two critical challenges fundamental in underpinning fair and equitable access to and benefit from deep sea ecosystems: 1. Building capacity to undertake research in the deep sea in low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC) countries There are historical barriers to wider global participation in offshore research. This has impact on the ability of all nations to participate in evidence-based decision-making on deep-sea areas within their jurisdictions and beyond. Widening participation in deep-sea science has therefore become a significant goal of the Hub. While planned cruises and research have initially been delayed by COVID and eventually been canceled because of the ODA budget cuts, the planning of the cruise for two years had nonetheless allowed the emergence of a more considered approach to the design of deep-sea science capacity-strengthening programme that will benefit researchers in future opportunities for international collaboration. 2. Integrating knowledge systems and learning from multiple conceptions of the deep sea, for holistic ocean literacy Understanding and surfacing different ways of knowing the deep sea, as well as decolonising the science of the Deep Sea, are critical steps in addressing issues of inequity in representation and participation in deep-sea research (including with indigenous knowledge systems). Integrating different ways of knowing and understanding the deep sea has become a key interdisciplinary focus for the Hub, working towards ocean literacy outputs informed by both science and indigenous knowledge systems. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations listed below are part of the Hub's original application: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; University of Edinburgh, UK; University of Plymouth, UK. • partner organisation based in the Global South: South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa. The new partnership generated by this collaboration includes: • research organization based in the Global South: University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa • partner organisation based in the Global South: South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), South Africa
Collaborator Contribution University of Strathclyde, University of Plymouth and South Africa National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI): Understanding the barriers to deep-sea science and research in a LMIC context. The team undertook a survey of deep-sea and marine scientists on Access to Marine Subject Area Education and Research to understand the barriers to deep-sea research and how LMIC country researchers can be better supported and included. The survey yielded evidence that supports the Hub approach: training on the use of equipment and inclusion on research cruises will be most impactful (as opposed to data sharing agreements, which are also valued). In addition, a campaign around ocean literacy that increases knowledge and interest in deep-science research careers will create a pipeline of future scientists and a populace that invests in it. This has further informed the design of the Hub's capacity-strengthening programme for deep-sea research, and ocean literacy at all levels. This has resulted in a public report that will inform the Hub's contributions to the UN Decade of Ocean Science and policy advice to ocean funders. Follow-up research will connect the report findings with new research on the human right to science and on the relevance of cultural heritage for deep-sea research. The capacity strengthening programme led by SANBI and University of Plymouth, in partnership with the Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI), involves the design and delivery of a programme of training across key aspects and skill areas of deep-sea research, targeted to researchers and government scientists, including in conducting the first benthic survey in Namibia. Partnership in marine benthic mapping has been reported separately under 'Partnership for Marine Habitat Mapping in the South-East Atlantic'. This partnership has delivered training in deep-sea taxonomy and species distribution modelling to South African scientists and students, and developed a new global platform to support identification of deep-sea animals. It has also supported initial steps in the establishment of a national benthic invertebrate monitoring programme in Namibia in support of MSC certification of the important Namibian Hake fishery. This has involved knowledge sharing between neighbouring South Africa and Namibia as well as between North and South Atlantic basins. In addition, a new partnership between the University of Rhodes and the University of Plymouth has been established focused on biodiscovery. The partnership is also collating undergraduate training materials in marine science to make available in a usable package to educators in higher education institutions across South Africa. SANBI also leads on engagement with the South Africa Government in increasing capacity for knowledge-based decision making for the marine ecosystem. As active members of the Marine Spatial Planning Working Group of the South Africa Government, SANBI are well placed to connect Hub outputs with key actors, and support capacity strengthening for implementation. South Africa National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) SANBI led on a Flexible Fund project titled 'MzanSea: Revealing South Africa's Marine Ecosystems', which was implemented in 2021. MzanSea aims to foster ocean literacy and provide resources for educators, students and decision makers. The project is a direct response to the outcomes emerging from the Marine and Coastal Educators Network (MCEN) conference in early 2020, which was the realisation of the limited knowledge and resources on marine ecosystems in general and deep ocean ecosystems in particular within South Africa. Educators themselves were not able to connect to these ecosystems and therefore neither were their students. Additionally, despite South Africa having 12 official languages, as far as we are aware there are no ocean educational resources in languages other than English or Afrikaans, thereby failing to reach a large proportion of people in South Africa. There is therefore a need for educational resources regarding marine ecosystems in South Africa in multiple languages. SANBI will lead on the production of a suite of resources revealing 14 marine ecosystem types suitable for learners from children to decision makers. These resources will also be translated into at least 3 coastal languages (Xhosa, Zulu, Afrikaans). Through the One Ocean Hub, the deep-sea science team behind MzanSea, have partnered with colleagues from Rhodes University Environmental Learning Research Centre, to expand MzanSea to include other forms of knowledge. Bridging the fields of marine science and marine sociology/anthropology, the researchers are collaborating at the intersection of cultural heritage and scientific heritage in describing at least 9 of the 14 marine ecosystems of South Africa, through both perspectives. This collaboration seeks to highlight the alignment between indigenous and scientific knowledge. The collaboration began as an output of early cultural heritage research by the Rhodes team, which produced the Indlela yokuphila Empatheatre animation project which offers a digital storytelling experience through animation that tells the story of the soul's journey through the oceans in Zulu traditional ancestral belief. This will now be worked into the MzanSea outputs to form a holistic package of ocean literacy materials. The SANBI/Rhodes University collaboration has expanded to include also colleagues at the University of Cape Town, to explore the intersection of scientific and indigenous knowledge in the context of the deep sea more broadly. This team have formed the 'Deep Knowing' working group. In this collaboration, the University of Cape Town, through a PhD research project, is examining the epistemological interactions and practical implications of working with different knowledge systems, specifically "Science" and "Indigenous Knowledge Systems". The group will also examine specific ethical questions (linked to the One Ocean Hub code of practice) - around representation, participation and working with indigenous/contextual/embodied ways of knowing in the context of deep-sea science. The resulting MzanSea website and resources (including a children's activity book) have been launched in 2022 and received early international recognition by being included in the resources of a new e-learning course produced by the UN Environment programme for 13-15 years old youth on children's human right to a healthy environment. University of Cape Town research on fair marine biodiscovery also provides substantial contribution to the partnership. On August 3rd, 2021, the Bio-economy Research Chair at the University of Cape Town in partnership with the One Ocean Hub hosted a webinar on marine biodiscovery in South Africa to bring together scientists, regulators and policymakers to present and discuss findings relating to the equitable and sustainable use of marine genetic resources. This stems from research conducted by Dr Jessica Lavelle and Professor Rachel Wynberg which explored historical and current activities relating to marine biodiscovery, its governance and existing (dis)connections in law, science and policy. The intention of the research is to explore opportunities for harmonising science and policy to enable approaches for equitable and sustainable marine biodiscovery in South Africa. The collaboration between Rhodes University and University of Plymouth on biodiscovery which formed under the One Ocean Hub has led to a development of a new project 'Harnessing Natural Product Diversity to Combat Multidrug Resistance'. The project is funded by Newton Fund via UK Medical Research Council and South African Medical Research Council (July 2020-December 2023). This project is aimed to enable researchers to explore biodiverse rich habitats, deep oceans and polar environments for novel and natural compounds. It brings together scientists from the UK and South Africa, to establish an Antibiotic Accelerator Hub to significantly boost capacity for discovery of new antibiotics. As part of this project, Hub researcher from Rhodes University, Professor Rosemary Dorrington, will lead South African researchers to form the 'Natural product research network', alongside a UK research consortium led by Hub researcher at University of Plymouth, Professor Mathew Upton, with partners at the universities of Bristol, Leeds, St Andrews and Aberdeen. It is hoped that this collaboration will not only benefit healthcare globally but will also support the bio-economies of both South Africa and the UK, ensuring fair and equitable sharing of the benefits of any new drugs arising from the research with communities in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). The £1.9 million funding also includes £1.9 million includes £412,000 funding for a seed project, which will explore the diversity of antimicrobial peptides in South Africa to identify potential new antibiotics (See: https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/news/uk-nil-south-africa-research-team-to-establish-hub-for-discovery-of-new-antibiotics). As part of capacity strengthening, researchers from the University of Edinburgh contribute in expanding knowledge of offshore biodiversity by conducting research on cold-water coral reef growth and loss in a changing ocean through the development of online training, teaching and learning resources, video, and on-site training. The aim of the research is to predict future integrity of key deep-sea habitats (cold-water corals) and provide data also on cold-water coral reef growth and loss to inform the taxonomic atlas and ecosystem mapping. This collaboration has achieved demonstrable policy impacts. In June 2022, the Hub's deep-sea research ("One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4") was endorsed as an official Decade Action under the UN Ocean Science Decade's Challenger 150 programme. This is a collaboration between the University of Strathclyde, the University of Plymouth, the University of Namibia, SANBI and NMU. Under the Challenger 150 Programme, Hub researchers have supported deep-sea capacity development efforts through the establishment of a UN Decade African Network of Deep-water Researchers (for detailed information read also collaboration titled "MARINE HABITAT MAPPING IN THE SOUTH-EAST ATLANTIC"). Established in 2023 and led by Hub early-career researcher Dr Kirsty McQuaid (SANBI, South Africa and the University of Plymouth, UK), the African Network of Deep-water Researchers aims to connect researchers, skills, infrastructure and resources within Africa, and with a global community of deep-water researchers, to build on the continent's capacity for deep-water research in support of sustainable development. Open to African nationals globally and individuals in African institutions, the Network encompasses all disciplines related to deep-water (beyond 30m depth, excluding scuba diving) and is open to all sectors. To date, the Network comprises over 250 members from 27 African nations, representing over 140 institutions. 76% of members are self-identified Early Career Researchers (<10 years professional experience, following the global UN ECOP Programme). Although still in a development phase, key activities are anticipated to emphasise training, project development, knowledge exchange, and research initiatives. As a first step, the Network initiated a workshop series identifying practical actions to advance deep-water research and establish a framework for future activities (https://oneoceanhub.org/new-network-of-deep-water-researchers-aims-to-build-africas-capacity-for-deep-water-research/). In October 2023, the Hub has been endorsed as a UN Ocean Decade Implementing Partner, focusing on transdisciplinary research. Hub researchers at the University of Plymouth will present findings, experience and practices of the Hub deep-sea research at the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona, Spain in April 2024 as part of a satellite event titled "Deepening the Decade" to be held at the Banquet Hall of the Conference, Paris, France in April 2024 in collaboration with Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI) (see also a separate entry titled "Contributing to the UN Decade for Ocean Science"). As part of the efforts to strengthen deep-sea capacity building in Africa, in February 2023, Hub researcher Dr Kerry Sink (South Africa National Biodiversity Institute) and a team of marine scientists in South Africa embarked on a multi-institutional and multi-disciplinary offshore expedition to enhance the capacity of young southern African scientists and to collect data in outer shelf and deep-sea habitats. The cruise was funded by the Hub (https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-supported-deep-sea-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/). The main aim of the cruise was to develop the capacity of a team of young researchers who can work together to solve the challenges of offshore research and management. Research goals include the use of cutting-edge genetic research to detect environmental DNA of threatened species, exploring patterns in invertebrate and fish biodiversity with increasing depth and work to understand the drivers of these patterns in the dynamic high current environment of the Amathole Offshore Protected Area. The project also included innovative, social and cultural aspects that recognise the deep human connections with the ocean and the team are working on understanding the use of marine species in medicine and ritual practices, including the identification and mapping of Culturally Significant Areas in the coastal and ocean environment. The cruise was funded by the One Ocean Hub and it is an initiative of the Capacity Strengthening component of the Hub. In 2022, Hub researchers together with collaborators undertook a study to understand the challenges and solutions to develop capacity for deep-sea research and management in South Africa. One of the recommendations was to hold dedicated in-country expeditions using available or locally developed technology under local conditions. This can provide relevant opportunities for more researchers and is a valuable addition to the more common approach where one or two scientists are able to participate in an international expedition with equipment that is usually not available in-country. The research gear included a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV), deep-sea landers and oceanographic instruments. The ROV captures video and images and can collect biological samples using a manipulator arm. Researchers explored underwater caves and canyons and hope to find the elusive coelacanth which was first trawled off East London in South Africa in 1938 but since then has only been seen much further north of Pumula and Sodwana Bay in KwaZulu-Natal and in other countries in East Africa. Landers are remote underwater video stations that are baited and allow scientists to record fish, sharks and other deep-sea creatures attracted to the bait. Ten students from seven different universities and institutes participated in the cruise facilitated by the South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) and the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). This included the University of KwaZululu Natal, Rhodes University, Nelson Mandela University, and the University of Cape Town. Oceanography sediment and biodiversity data were collected to contribute to three Ph.D. studies and two Master's theses with additional collaborative publications spanning multiple disciplines underway by the group. The team relied on standard and new technology for ocean sampling using remote visual tools to obtain imagery of the seabed, Conductivity-Temperature-Depth profilers (CTDs) to measure changes in ocean variables with depth and conducted surveys of marine species used in medicine and ritual in East London. Technician JJ Forgus developed skills in collecting specimens from the depth using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) with a claw that can be used for targeted specimen samplings. SANBI emerging researcher gained experience as a Chief Scientist, a rare opportunity for a young scientist. The Hub's deep-sea capacity strengthening partnerships has also brought positive environmental impacts. The deep-sea cruise conducted in 2023, for example, involved the use of 29 remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives conducted by the team, two of these presented an opportunity for invertebrate samples to be collected, whilst some excellent footage of never-before-seen habitats, including deep-water canyons, sticky mud habitats, as well as creatures rarely witnessed in situ collected during the remaining dives (https://oneoceanhub.org/dedicated-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/). Two dredges and 18 sediment samples were achieved to gather invertebrate samples to be used in the Foundational Biodiversity Information Programme's (FBIP) SeaMap project recently awarded to the Egagasini Node of the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON). This project is aimed at developing South Africa's marine invertebrate DNA barcode catalogue and will also produce the country's first data-driven ecosystem map using species records from visual surveys. A total of ten deepsea lander deployments were accomplished, establishing the record for the deepest lander dive in South Africa thus far at a depth of 1036 meters. Pressures at these depths exceed 100 times those experienced at the surface, so not only are the creatures adapted to these conditions truly something to behold, but it is also testimony to the progress made in maritime engineering. Those involved in this enterprise made great strides in bringing Africa to the forefront of what is possible with deep-sea exploration. The expedition, which spanned 157 hours at sea, covered a total of 901 nautical miles. This collaboration has also brought positive social impacts. The Hub's researchers are investing in science communication and ocean literacy- a sharing of diverse sets of knowledge across knowledge types and knowledge holders including disciplines, groups and generations. Building ocean literacy is an ongoing process; one that will continue over the course of each scientist's journey, as the ocean and social systems we seek to protect are ever-changing. That is why a dynamic, integrated, and collaborative approach is needed for the sustainable and equitable management of our oceans. The capacity development and transdisciplinary components of the deep-sea expedition and the MzanSea ocean literacy project for example, sought to overcome the old narrative of separate sciences, to draw from the diverse pool of expertise created by the multiplicity of team members, so that learning could be facilitated, which better serves society and our seas. The deep-sea expedition conducted in 2023 contributed to the identification and mapping of Culturally Significant Areas in the coastal and ocean environment of South Africa. All the events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration - as outlined in the "outcomes section" - were attended by a total of 102,744 persons. The capacity strengthening collaboration under the Hub also has strengthened gender equality and inclusivity. All the Hub's capacity strengthening sessions were attended by predominantly women audience. On average over 60 per cent of participants in these evens were women. This speaks to the interests of women in this field and the need for capacity building for women. The co-directors of the Hub's deep-sea research programme, Prof Kerry Howell (University of Plymouth, UK) and Dr Kerry Sink (SANBI, South Africa) are female scientists. Around 50 per cent of Hub researchers involved in deep-sea research are female from different career stages, senior academics and early career researchers. The impact of this collaboration in strengthening gender equality and inclusivity is evident from the leadership of Dr Kirsty McQuaid in establishing the African Network of Deep-water Researchers and Safiyya Sedick who played a crucial role as the coordinating officer for the Hub funded deep-sea cruise in 2023.
Impact Further Funding: The SANBI/Rhodes collaboration which formed under the One Ocean Hub has led to a successful new project, funded by the South African National Research Foundation, titled 'Deep Connections'. Deep Connections is a 3-year project which will start in 2021 (see Further Funding). The Deep Connections project is a multi-disciplinary project that aims to build knowledge about offshore marine connectivity for inclusion in spatial assessment and prioritisation. This will be achieved by investigating genetic, species and ecosystem levels of biodiversity together with targeted geoscience and oceanographic research and innovative socio-cultural learning and knowledge co-production. This project builds on the transdisciplinary team working on related aspects through the One Ocean Hub and strives to help address current capacity shortfalls and gaps in spatial assessment and planning. The collaboration between Rhodes University and the University of Plymouth on biodiscovery has led to a new international research collaboration to discover and accelerate the development of new antibiotics namely 'Harnessing Natural Product Diversity to Combat Multidrug Resistance' which started in July 2020 and is scheduled to be finalised in September 2024 following no-cost extension for the project (see Further Funding) https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/news/uk-nil-south-africa-research-team-to-establish-hub-for-discovery-of-new-antibiotics Publications: • Howell, K; Hilrio, A; Allcock, L; Bailey, D; Baker, M; Clark, MR; Colaco, A;Copley, J; Cordes, E; Danovaro, R; Dissanayake, A; Escobar, E; Esquete, P; Gallagher, A; Gates, A; Gaudron, SM; German CR; Gjerde, KM; Higgs, ND; Le Bris, N; Levin, L; Manea, E; McClain, C; Menot, L; Mestre, N; Metaxas, A; Milligan R; Muthumbi, A; Narayanaswamy, B; Ramalho, S; Ramirez-Llodra, E; Robson, L; Rogers, A; Sellanes, J; Sigwart, J; Sink, K; Snelgrove, P.V.R; Stefanoudis, P; Sumida, P; Taylor, M; Thurber, A; Vieira R; Watanabe, HK; Woodall, L; Xavier, J. (2020). A decade to study deep-sea life. Nature Ecology & Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01352-5. • Howell K.L., Hilário A, Allcock, AL, Bailey DM., Baker M, Clark MR., Colaço A, C Jon, Cordes E E., Danovaro R, Dissanayake A, Escobar E, Esquete P, Gallagher AJ., Gates AR., Gaudron SM., German CR., Gjerde KM., Higgs ND., Le Bris N, Levin LA., Manea E, McClain C, Menot L, Mestre NC., Metaxas A, Milligan RJ., Muthumbi AWN., Narayanaswamy BE., Ramalho SP., Ramirez-Llodra E, Robson LM., Rogers AD., Sellanes J, Sigwart JD., Sink K, Snelgrove PV, Stefanoudis PV., Sumida PY., Taylor ML., Thurber AR., Vieira RP., Watanabe HK., Woodall LC., Xavier JR. (2020). A Blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea Ocean Decade Field Program. Frontiers in Marine Science https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861 • Worm, B; Elliff C; Fonseca JG; Gell FR; Gon'alves ACS; Helder N; Murray K; Peckham H; Prelovec L; Sink K. Making Ocean Literacy Inclusive and Accessible. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics https://doi.org/10.3354/esep00196 • Wynberg, R; Grorud-Colvert, K; Thambisetty, S; Bandarra, N.M; Can?rio, A.V.M; da Silva, J; Duarte, C.M; Jaspars, M; Rogers, A; Sink, K; Wabnitz, C.C.C. (2020). The ocean genome and future prospects for conservation and equity. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0522-9. • Morgera, E. (2018-19). "Fair and equitable benefit-sharing in a new international instrument on marine biodiversity: A principled approach towards partnership building?" 5 Maritime Safety and Security Law Journal 48-7. https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3234346 • Morgera E. (2020). Biodiversity as a Human Right and Its Implications for the EU as External Actor, published by European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/603491/EXPO_STU(2020)603491_EN.pdf • Morgera, E (2021) "The Relevance of the Human Right to Science for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: A New Legally Binding Instrument to Support Co-Production of Ocean Knowledge across Scales" in Vito De Lucia, Lan Nguyen and Alex G. Oude Elferink (eds), International Law and Marine Areas beyond National Jurisdiction: Current Status and Future Trends (Brill, Forthcoming). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3870399 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3870399 • Morgera E, McQuaid K, La Bianca G, Niner H, Shannon L, Strand M, Rees S, Howell K, Snow B, Lancaster AMSN & Sauer W. 2023. Addressing the Ocean-Climate Nexus in the BBNJ Agreement: Strategic Environmental Assessments, Human Rights and Equity in Ocean Science. The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38: 1-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10139. • Harden-Davies H, Amon DJ, Vierros M, Bax NJ, Hanich Q, Hills JM, Guilhon M, McQuaid KA, Mohammed E, Pouponneau A, Seto KL, Sink K, Talma S & Woodall L. 2022. Capacity development in the Ocean Decade and beyond: Key questions about meanings, motivations, pathways, and measurements. Earth System Governance 12: 100138. DOI: 10.1016/j.esg.2022.100138. Policy Brief How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/ Artistic product - DiepRespek: Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems film/video. Available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6kdnR2eXmgDiepRespek video was featured in a blog of the South Africa Deep-Sea Trawling Industry Association, which noted that the video was "spreading quickly among fishing crews working in South Africa's trawl fishery for hake.": https://www.sadstia.co.za/news/dieprespek-shines-a-fresh-light-on-vulnerable-marine-ecosystems/ - "The Indlela Yokuphila (the Soul Journey)." Available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNm-Yf8Dt10. The short film "Indlela Yokuphila" meaning "the Soul's journey" in Zulu was researched and narrated by Mpume Mthombeni (Empatheatre) and directed by Marc Moynihan (Shells & Spells) and Dr. Dylan McGarry (Empatheatre/Rhodes University), the film aims to make intangible ocean heritages more tangible in governance and education through animation and public dialogue, and return the sacred to our conversations around ocean wellbeing. Short films: - "From the bottom of the sea to the laboratory," available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPJ7935sOd0&t=12s - "Understanding the deep sea" short film, available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wUSOYfPOdDI. Blogposts: Baker M, Ramirez-Llodra E and Tyler P. (2020). "Natural Capital and Exploitation of the Deep Ocean." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/natural-capital-and-exploitation-of-the-deep-ocean/ Febrica S. (2021). "One Ocean Hub holds a "Deep-sea life summit"". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-one-ocean-hub-holds-a-deep-sea-life-summit/ Febrica S. (2020). "Calling for An Integrated Framework to Manage the High Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/calling-for-an-integrated-framework-to-manage-the-high-seas/ One Ocean Hub. (2021). MzanSea - Launcing an innovative ocean literacy website and children's activity book. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/MzanSea-an-innovative-ocean-literacy-project-launches-a-website-and-a-childrens-activity-book/ Lavelle J. (2021). "Towards a community of practice for equitable and sustainable marine biodiversity in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-a-community-of-practice-for-equitable-and-sustainable-marine-biodiscovery-in-south-africa/ Lavelle J. (2021). "New study on inclusive and equitable research and innovation in marine biodiscovery." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-study-on-inclusive-and-equitable-research-and-innovation-in-marine-biodiscovery/ Niner H and McQuaid K. (2021). "Defining the environmental impact assessment process for deep-sea mining." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/defining-the-environmental-impact-assessment-process-for-deep-sea-mining/ One Ocean Hub. (2020). "Focus on: Deep Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/focus-on-deep-sea/ One Ocean Hub. (2020). "Researchers' Contribution to the international negotiations on Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction Negotiation." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction-negotiation/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "New network of deep-water researchers aims to build Africa's capacity for deep-water research." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-network-of-deep-water-researchers-aims-to-build-africas-capacity-for-deep-water-research/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Deepening offshore research capacity in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-supported-deep-sea-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/ Wynberg R, Dorrington R, Upton M and Sink K. (2020). "Biodiscovery: Exploring the Science-Policy Interface in the One Ocean Hub." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/biodiscovery-exploring-the-science-policy-interface-in-the-one-ocean-hub/ One Ocean Hub. (2021). Challenges and solutions for deep-sea research and management in South Africa. Available from: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/ Website of MzanSea: https://MzanSea.org/ Report: Sink KJ, McQuaid K, Atkinson LJ, Palmer RM, Van der Heever G, Majiedt PA, Dunga LV, Currie JC, Adams R, Wahome M, Howell K & AW Patterson. 2021. Challenges and Solutions to develop capacity for Deep-sea Research and Management in South Africa. South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa, 35pp. Available: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/. Outcomes This partnership is working towards the specific outcome of increased research capacity in deep-sea knowledge, techniques and data (SDG 14A). Towards this outcome, the partnership has began a programme of deep-sea research methods training. They delivered training in benthic biodiversity data collection to 15 researchers and government scientists from both South Africa and Namibia in collaboration with the DOSI-Project. This has led to further collaboration to develop new Namibian Deep-Sea Benthic Collections with representatives of Namibia Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources in 2021 to now. Events carried out in 2021-2024. SANBI have participated and presented in all meetings of the South Africa Marine Spatial Planning Working Group. In addition, this working group benefitted from the new interdisciplinary connections developed under the One Ocean Hub: interdisciplinary input from the One Ocean Hub team was provided at an information session on "Marine spatial biodiversity priorities as an input into marine spatial planning", which took place on 22 October 2020, hosted by Biodiversity & Coastal Research Department of Environmental Affairs, Forestry and Fisheries (DEFF): Oceans and Coasts, South Africa Government. As an outcome of this meeting, members of the technical team of planners who inform environmental priorities in marine spatial planning have requested a follow-up meeting with Hub researchers to discuss key issues raised in 2021. The MzanSea team have presented to the Marine and Coastal Educators Network and are in discussion with members of this network from the three South Africa aquariums on the implementation of the MzanSea products. In December 2021, a new website of the MzanSea (see: https://MzanSea.org/) was launched. The MzanSea team also developed a children's activity book and a set of fact sheets. The MzanSea products also include elements about why and how to care for ocean ecosystems and also profiles young marine scientists studying different ecosystem types. The Indlela Yokuphila animation project was launched during the UN World Oceans Day in June 2023. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNm-Yf8Dt10). This event was attended by 34 attendees. It was already showcased at the following events: - "Indlela yokuphila (the path of life)," the UN World Ocean Week in June 2020 (here: https://bit.ly/3HXx2K1). This event was attended by 72 attendees. - "Climate-related conflict: arts-based mediation and recourse to redress," the One Ocean Hub joint side event with the Green Climate Fund in November 2021 for Climate COP26. This event was attended by 26 attendees (here: https://bit.ly/3i0MYk9). - "Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa," the UN World Oceans Day side-event with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance and the UNDOALOS on 9 June 2023 (here: https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-short-film-indlela-yokuphila-the-souls-journey-at-the-united-nations-world-ocean-week/). This event was attended by 26 attendees. - Mpume Mthombeni's talk at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration, 9 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs"the official UN World Oceans Day celebration at the UN Headquarters in New York (here: https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2-uSE26tnU&t=63s ). The event was attended by 350 in-person attendees and 102,000 online attendees, reaching 110 UN member states. This collaboration has also contributed in co-organising three webinars for the UN World Oceans Day 2020-2021. • Studying the Sea - Accessing Ocean Research Career: https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=Arwc_wTwsJ4. This event was attended by 76 attendees. ? "Inclusive Ocean Conservation: Innovations in Marine Spatial Planning," organized for the UN World Oceans Day 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mP4LU8_4KK8&t=2s. This event was attended by 29 persons. ? "Wonders of the Deep", organized for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvUJvqPB6is. This event was attended by 131 attendees. Disciplines involved in this collaboration: deep-sea science, sociology, anthropology, arts.
Start Year 2020
 
Description Capacity Strengthening and Connecting Knowledge Systems in the Deep Sea 
Organisation University of Strathclyde
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The interdisciplinary framework of the One Ocean Hub has brought together within South Africa, for the first time, deep-sea scientists (South Africa National Biodiversity Institute, University of Plymouth), sociologists (Rhodes University and University of Cape Town), artists (Rhodes University), and expertise in knowledge systems, ethics, and benefit sharing (University of Cape Town), together with expertise in ethical innovation and knowledge production at the University of Strathclyde, UK. This interdisciplinary team seeks to address two critical challenges fundamental in underpinning fair and equitable access to and benefit from deep sea ecosystems: 1. Building capacity to undertake research in the deep sea in low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC) countries There are historical barriers to wider global participation in offshore research. This has impact on the ability of all nations to participate in evidence-based decision-making on deep-sea areas within their jurisdictions and beyond. Widening participation in deep-sea science has therefore become a significant goal of the Hub. While planned cruises and research have initially been delayed by COVID and eventually been canceled because of the ODA budget cuts, the planning of the cruise for two years had nonetheless allowed the emergence of a more considered approach to the design of deep-sea science capacity-strengthening programme that will benefit researchers in future opportunities for international collaboration. 2. Integrating knowledge systems and learning from multiple conceptions of the deep sea, for holistic ocean literacy Understanding and surfacing different ways of knowing the deep sea, as well as decolonising the science of the Deep Sea, are critical steps in addressing issues of inequity in representation and participation in deep-sea research (including with indigenous knowledge systems). Integrating different ways of knowing and understanding the deep sea has become a key interdisciplinary focus for the Hub, working towards ocean literacy outputs informed by both science and indigenous knowledge systems. This collaboration is built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations listed below are part of the Hub's original application: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa. • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; University of Edinburgh, UK; University of Plymouth, UK. • partner organisation based in the Global South: South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa. The new partnership generated by this collaboration includes: • research organization based in the Global South: University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa • partner organisation based in the Global South: South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), South Africa
Collaborator Contribution University of Strathclyde, University of Plymouth and South Africa National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI): Understanding the barriers to deep-sea science and research in a LMIC context. The team undertook a survey of deep-sea and marine scientists on Access to Marine Subject Area Education and Research to understand the barriers to deep-sea research and how LMIC country researchers can be better supported and included. The survey yielded evidence that supports the Hub approach: training on the use of equipment and inclusion on research cruises will be most impactful (as opposed to data sharing agreements, which are also valued). In addition, a campaign around ocean literacy that increases knowledge and interest in deep-science research careers will create a pipeline of future scientists and a populace that invests in it. This has further informed the design of the Hub's capacity-strengthening programme for deep-sea research, and ocean literacy at all levels. This has resulted in a public report that will inform the Hub's contributions to the UN Decade of Ocean Science and policy advice to ocean funders. Follow-up research will connect the report findings with new research on the human right to science and on the relevance of cultural heritage for deep-sea research. The capacity strengthening programme led by SANBI and University of Plymouth, in partnership with the Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI), involves the design and delivery of a programme of training across key aspects and skill areas of deep-sea research, targeted to researchers and government scientists, including in conducting the first benthic survey in Namibia. Partnership in marine benthic mapping has been reported separately under 'Partnership for Marine Habitat Mapping in the South-East Atlantic'. This partnership has delivered training in deep-sea taxonomy and species distribution modelling to South African scientists and students, and developed a new global platform to support identification of deep-sea animals. It has also supported initial steps in the establishment of a national benthic invertebrate monitoring programme in Namibia in support of MSC certification of the important Namibian Hake fishery. This has involved knowledge sharing between neighbouring South Africa and Namibia as well as between North and South Atlantic basins. In addition, a new partnership between the University of Rhodes and the University of Plymouth has been established focused on biodiscovery. The partnership is also collating undergraduate training materials in marine science to make available in a usable package to educators in higher education institutions across South Africa. SANBI also leads on engagement with the South Africa Government in increasing capacity for knowledge-based decision making for the marine ecosystem. As active members of the Marine Spatial Planning Working Group of the South Africa Government, SANBI are well placed to connect Hub outputs with key actors, and support capacity strengthening for implementation. South Africa National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) SANBI led on a Flexible Fund project titled 'MzanSea: Revealing South Africa's Marine Ecosystems', which was implemented in 2021. MzanSea aims to foster ocean literacy and provide resources for educators, students and decision makers. The project is a direct response to the outcomes emerging from the Marine and Coastal Educators Network (MCEN) conference in early 2020, which was the realisation of the limited knowledge and resources on marine ecosystems in general and deep ocean ecosystems in particular within South Africa. Educators themselves were not able to connect to these ecosystems and therefore neither were their students. Additionally, despite South Africa having 12 official languages, as far as we are aware there are no ocean educational resources in languages other than English or Afrikaans, thereby failing to reach a large proportion of people in South Africa. There is therefore a need for educational resources regarding marine ecosystems in South Africa in multiple languages. SANBI will lead on the production of a suite of resources revealing 14 marine ecosystem types suitable for learners from children to decision makers. These resources will also be translated into at least 3 coastal languages (Xhosa, Zulu, Afrikaans). Through the One Ocean Hub, the deep-sea science team behind MzanSea, have partnered with colleagues from Rhodes University Environmental Learning Research Centre, to expand MzanSea to include other forms of knowledge. Bridging the fields of marine science and marine sociology/anthropology, the researchers are collaborating at the intersection of cultural heritage and scientific heritage in describing at least 9 of the 14 marine ecosystems of South Africa, through both perspectives. This collaboration seeks to highlight the alignment between indigenous and scientific knowledge. The collaboration began as an output of early cultural heritage research by the Rhodes team, which produced the Indlela yokuphila Empatheatre animation project which offers a digital storytelling experience through animation that tells the story of the soul's journey through the oceans in Zulu traditional ancestral belief. This will now be worked into the MzanSea outputs to form a holistic package of ocean literacy materials. The SANBI/Rhodes University collaboration has expanded to include also colleagues at the University of Cape Town, to explore the intersection of scientific and indigenous knowledge in the context of the deep sea more broadly. This team have formed the 'Deep Knowing' working group. In this collaboration, the University of Cape Town, through a PhD research project, is examining the epistemological interactions and practical implications of working with different knowledge systems, specifically "Science" and "Indigenous Knowledge Systems". The group will also examine specific ethical questions (linked to the One Ocean Hub code of practice) - around representation, participation and working with indigenous/contextual/embodied ways of knowing in the context of deep-sea science. The resulting MzanSea website and resources (including a children's activity book) have been launched in 2022 and received early international recognition by being included in the resources of a new e-learning course produced by the UN Environment programme for 13-15 years old youth on children's human right to a healthy environment. University of Cape Town research on fair marine biodiscovery also provides substantial contribution to the partnership. On August 3rd, 2021, the Bio-economy Research Chair at the University of Cape Town in partnership with the One Ocean Hub hosted a webinar on marine biodiscovery in South Africa to bring together scientists, regulators and policymakers to present and discuss findings relating to the equitable and sustainable use of marine genetic resources. This stems from research conducted by Dr Jessica Lavelle and Professor Rachel Wynberg which explored historical and current activities relating to marine biodiscovery, its governance and existing (dis)connections in law, science and policy. The intention of the research is to explore opportunities for harmonising science and policy to enable approaches for equitable and sustainable marine biodiscovery in South Africa. The collaboration between Rhodes University and University of Plymouth on biodiscovery which formed under the One Ocean Hub has led to a development of a new project 'Harnessing Natural Product Diversity to Combat Multidrug Resistance'. The project is funded by Newton Fund via UK Medical Research Council and South African Medical Research Council (July 2020-December 2023). This project is aimed to enable researchers to explore biodiverse rich habitats, deep oceans and polar environments for novel and natural compounds. It brings together scientists from the UK and South Africa, to establish an Antibiotic Accelerator Hub to significantly boost capacity for discovery of new antibiotics. As part of this project, Hub researcher from Rhodes University, Professor Rosemary Dorrington, will lead South African researchers to form the 'Natural product research network', alongside a UK research consortium led by Hub researcher at University of Plymouth, Professor Mathew Upton, with partners at the universities of Bristol, Leeds, St Andrews and Aberdeen. It is hoped that this collaboration will not only benefit healthcare globally but will also support the bio-economies of both South Africa and the UK, ensuring fair and equitable sharing of the benefits of any new drugs arising from the research with communities in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). The £1.9 million funding also includes £1.9 million includes £412,000 funding for a seed project, which will explore the diversity of antimicrobial peptides in South Africa to identify potential new antibiotics (See: https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/news/uk-nil-south-africa-research-team-to-establish-hub-for-discovery-of-new-antibiotics). As part of capacity strengthening, researchers from the University of Edinburgh contribute in expanding knowledge of offshore biodiversity by conducting research on cold-water coral reef growth and loss in a changing ocean through the development of online training, teaching and learning resources, video, and on-site training. The aim of the research is to predict future integrity of key deep-sea habitats (cold-water corals) and provide data also on cold-water coral reef growth and loss to inform the taxonomic atlas and ecosystem mapping. This collaboration has achieved demonstrable policy impacts. In June 2022, the Hub's deep-sea research ("One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4") was endorsed as an official Decade Action under the UN Ocean Science Decade's Challenger 150 programme. This is a collaboration between the University of Strathclyde, the University of Plymouth, the University of Namibia, SANBI and NMU. Under the Challenger 150 Programme, Hub researchers have supported deep-sea capacity development efforts through the establishment of a UN Decade African Network of Deep-water Researchers (for detailed information read also collaboration titled "MARINE HABITAT MAPPING IN THE SOUTH-EAST ATLANTIC"). Established in 2023 and led by Hub early-career researcher Dr Kirsty McQuaid (SANBI, South Africa and the University of Plymouth, UK), the African Network of Deep-water Researchers aims to connect researchers, skills, infrastructure and resources within Africa, and with a global community of deep-water researchers, to build on the continent's capacity for deep-water research in support of sustainable development. Open to African nationals globally and individuals in African institutions, the Network encompasses all disciplines related to deep-water (beyond 30m depth, excluding scuba diving) and is open to all sectors. To date, the Network comprises over 250 members from 27 African nations, representing over 140 institutions. 76% of members are self-identified Early Career Researchers (<10 years professional experience, following the global UN ECOP Programme). Although still in a development phase, key activities are anticipated to emphasise training, project development, knowledge exchange, and research initiatives. As a first step, the Network initiated a workshop series identifying practical actions to advance deep-water research and establish a framework for future activities (https://oneoceanhub.org/new-network-of-deep-water-researchers-aims-to-build-africas-capacity-for-deep-water-research/). In October 2023, the Hub has been endorsed as a UN Ocean Decade Implementing Partner, focusing on transdisciplinary research. Hub researchers at the University of Plymouth will present findings, experience and practices of the Hub deep-sea research at the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona, Spain in April 2024 as part of a satellite event titled "Deepening the Decade" to be held at the Banquet Hall of the Conference, Paris, France in April 2024 in collaboration with Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI) (see also a separate entry titled "Contributing to the UN Decade for Ocean Science"). As part of the efforts to strengthen deep-sea capacity building in Africa, in February 2023, Hub researcher Dr Kerry Sink (South Africa National Biodiversity Institute) and a team of marine scientists in South Africa embarked on a multi-institutional and multi-disciplinary offshore expedition to enhance the capacity of young southern African scientists and to collect data in outer shelf and deep-sea habitats. The cruise was funded by the Hub (https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-supported-deep-sea-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/). The main aim of the cruise was to develop the capacity of a team of young researchers who can work together to solve the challenges of offshore research and management. Research goals include the use of cutting-edge genetic research to detect environmental DNA of threatened species, exploring patterns in invertebrate and fish biodiversity with increasing depth and work to understand the drivers of these patterns in the dynamic high current environment of the Amathole Offshore Protected Area. The project also included innovative, social and cultural aspects that recognise the deep human connections with the ocean and the team are working on understanding the use of marine species in medicine and ritual practices, including the identification and mapping of Culturally Significant Areas in the coastal and ocean environment. The cruise was funded by the One Ocean Hub and it is an initiative of the Capacity Strengthening component of the Hub. In 2022, Hub researchers together with collaborators undertook a study to understand the challenges and solutions to develop capacity for deep-sea research and management in South Africa. One of the recommendations was to hold dedicated in-country expeditions using available or locally developed technology under local conditions. This can provide relevant opportunities for more researchers and is a valuable addition to the more common approach where one or two scientists are able to participate in an international expedition with equipment that is usually not available in-country. The research gear included a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV), deep-sea landers and oceanographic instruments. The ROV captures video and images and can collect biological samples using a manipulator arm. Researchers explored underwater caves and canyons and hope to find the elusive coelacanth which was first trawled off East London in South Africa in 1938 but since then has only been seen much further north of Pumula and Sodwana Bay in KwaZulu-Natal and in other countries in East Africa. Landers are remote underwater video stations that are baited and allow scientists to record fish, sharks and other deep-sea creatures attracted to the bait. Ten students from seven different universities and institutes participated in the cruise facilitated by the South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) and the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). This included the University of KwaZululu Natal, Rhodes University, Nelson Mandela University, and the University of Cape Town. Oceanography sediment and biodiversity data were collected to contribute to three Ph.D. studies and two Master's theses with additional collaborative publications spanning multiple disciplines underway by the group. The team relied on standard and new technology for ocean sampling using remote visual tools to obtain imagery of the seabed, Conductivity-Temperature-Depth profilers (CTDs) to measure changes in ocean variables with depth and conducted surveys of marine species used in medicine and ritual in East London. Technician JJ Forgus developed skills in collecting specimens from the depth using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) with a claw that can be used for targeted specimen samplings. SANBI emerging researcher gained experience as a Chief Scientist, a rare opportunity for a young scientist. The Hub's deep-sea capacity strengthening partnerships has also brought positive environmental impacts. The deep-sea cruise conducted in 2023, for example, involved the use of 29 remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives conducted by the team, two of these presented an opportunity for invertebrate samples to be collected, whilst some excellent footage of never-before-seen habitats, including deep-water canyons, sticky mud habitats, as well as creatures rarely witnessed in situ collected during the remaining dives (https://oneoceanhub.org/dedicated-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/). Two dredges and 18 sediment samples were achieved to gather invertebrate samples to be used in the Foundational Biodiversity Information Programme's (FBIP) SeaMap project recently awarded to the Egagasini Node of the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON). This project is aimed at developing South Africa's marine invertebrate DNA barcode catalogue and will also produce the country's first data-driven ecosystem map using species records from visual surveys. A total of ten deepsea lander deployments were accomplished, establishing the record for the deepest lander dive in South Africa thus far at a depth of 1036 meters. Pressures at these depths exceed 100 times those experienced at the surface, so not only are the creatures adapted to these conditions truly something to behold, but it is also testimony to the progress made in maritime engineering. Those involved in this enterprise made great strides in bringing Africa to the forefront of what is possible with deep-sea exploration. The expedition, which spanned 157 hours at sea, covered a total of 901 nautical miles. This collaboration has also brought positive social impacts. The Hub's researchers are investing in science communication and ocean literacy- a sharing of diverse sets of knowledge across knowledge types and knowledge holders including disciplines, groups and generations. Building ocean literacy is an ongoing process; one that will continue over the course of each scientist's journey, as the ocean and social systems we seek to protect are ever-changing. That is why a dynamic, integrated, and collaborative approach is needed for the sustainable and equitable management of our oceans. The capacity development and transdisciplinary components of the deep-sea expedition and the MzanSea ocean literacy project for example, sought to overcome the old narrative of separate sciences, to draw from the diverse pool of expertise created by the multiplicity of team members, so that learning could be facilitated, which better serves society and our seas. The deep-sea expedition conducted in 2023 contributed to the identification and mapping of Culturally Significant Areas in the coastal and ocean environment of South Africa. All the events and capacity building sessions co-organised as part of this collaboration - as outlined in the "outcomes section" - were attended by a total of 102,744 persons. The capacity strengthening collaboration under the Hub also has strengthened gender equality and inclusivity. All the Hub's capacity strengthening sessions were attended by predominantly women audience. On average over 60 per cent of participants in these evens were women. This speaks to the interests of women in this field and the need for capacity building for women. The co-directors of the Hub's deep-sea research programme, Prof Kerry Howell (University of Plymouth, UK) and Dr Kerry Sink (SANBI, South Africa) are female scientists. Around 50 per cent of Hub researchers involved in deep-sea research are female from different career stages, senior academics and early career researchers. The impact of this collaboration in strengthening gender equality and inclusivity is evident from the leadership of Dr Kirsty McQuaid in establishing the African Network of Deep-water Researchers and Safiyya Sedick who played a crucial role as the coordinating officer for the Hub funded deep-sea cruise in 2023.
Impact Further Funding: The SANBI/Rhodes collaboration which formed under the One Ocean Hub has led to a successful new project, funded by the South African National Research Foundation, titled 'Deep Connections'. Deep Connections is a 3-year project which will start in 2021 (see Further Funding). The Deep Connections project is a multi-disciplinary project that aims to build knowledge about offshore marine connectivity for inclusion in spatial assessment and prioritisation. This will be achieved by investigating genetic, species and ecosystem levels of biodiversity together with targeted geoscience and oceanographic research and innovative socio-cultural learning and knowledge co-production. This project builds on the transdisciplinary team working on related aspects through the One Ocean Hub and strives to help address current capacity shortfalls and gaps in spatial assessment and planning. The collaboration between Rhodes University and the University of Plymouth on biodiscovery has led to a new international research collaboration to discover and accelerate the development of new antibiotics namely 'Harnessing Natural Product Diversity to Combat Multidrug Resistance' which started in July 2020 and is scheduled to be finalised in September 2024 following no-cost extension for the project (see Further Funding) https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/news/uk-nil-south-africa-research-team-to-establish-hub-for-discovery-of-new-antibiotics Publications: • Howell, K; Hilrio, A; Allcock, L; Bailey, D; Baker, M; Clark, MR; Colaco, A;Copley, J; Cordes, E; Danovaro, R; Dissanayake, A; Escobar, E; Esquete, P; Gallagher, A; Gates, A; Gaudron, SM; German CR; Gjerde, KM; Higgs, ND; Le Bris, N; Levin, L; Manea, E; McClain, C; Menot, L; Mestre, N; Metaxas, A; Milligan R; Muthumbi, A; Narayanaswamy, B; Ramalho, S; Ramirez-Llodra, E; Robson, L; Rogers, A; Sellanes, J; Sigwart, J; Sink, K; Snelgrove, P.V.R; Stefanoudis, P; Sumida, P; Taylor, M; Thurber, A; Vieira R; Watanabe, HK; Woodall, L; Xavier, J. (2020). A decade to study deep-sea life. Nature Ecology & Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01352-5. • Howell K.L., Hilário A, Allcock, AL, Bailey DM., Baker M, Clark MR., Colaço A, C Jon, Cordes E E., Danovaro R, Dissanayake A, Escobar E, Esquete P, Gallagher AJ., Gates AR., Gaudron SM., German CR., Gjerde KM., Higgs ND., Le Bris N, Levin LA., Manea E, McClain C, Menot L, Mestre NC., Metaxas A, Milligan RJ., Muthumbi AWN., Narayanaswamy BE., Ramalho SP., Ramirez-Llodra E, Robson LM., Rogers AD., Sellanes J, Sigwart JD., Sink K, Snelgrove PV, Stefanoudis PV., Sumida PY., Taylor ML., Thurber AR., Vieira RP., Watanabe HK., Woodall LC., Xavier JR. (2020). A Blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea Ocean Decade Field Program. Frontiers in Marine Science https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861 • Worm, B; Elliff C; Fonseca JG; Gell FR; Gon'alves ACS; Helder N; Murray K; Peckham H; Prelovec L; Sink K. Making Ocean Literacy Inclusive and Accessible. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics https://doi.org/10.3354/esep00196 • Wynberg, R; Grorud-Colvert, K; Thambisetty, S; Bandarra, N.M; Can?rio, A.V.M; da Silva, J; Duarte, C.M; Jaspars, M; Rogers, A; Sink, K; Wabnitz, C.C.C. (2020). The ocean genome and future prospects for conservation and equity. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0522-9. • Morgera, E. (2018-19). "Fair and equitable benefit-sharing in a new international instrument on marine biodiversity: A principled approach towards partnership building?" 5 Maritime Safety and Security Law Journal 48-7. https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3234346 • Morgera E. (2020). Biodiversity as a Human Right and Its Implications for the EU as External Actor, published by European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/603491/EXPO_STU(2020)603491_EN.pdf • Morgera, E (2021) "The Relevance of the Human Right to Science for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: A New Legally Binding Instrument to Support Co-Production of Ocean Knowledge across Scales" in Vito De Lucia, Lan Nguyen and Alex G. Oude Elferink (eds), International Law and Marine Areas beyond National Jurisdiction: Current Status and Future Trends (Brill, Forthcoming). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3870399 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3870399 • Morgera E, McQuaid K, La Bianca G, Niner H, Shannon L, Strand M, Rees S, Howell K, Snow B, Lancaster AMSN & Sauer W. 2023. Addressing the Ocean-Climate Nexus in the BBNJ Agreement: Strategic Environmental Assessments, Human Rights and Equity in Ocean Science. The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 38: 1-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10139. • Harden-Davies H, Amon DJ, Vierros M, Bax NJ, Hanich Q, Hills JM, Guilhon M, McQuaid KA, Mohammed E, Pouponneau A, Seto KL, Sink K, Talma S & Woodall L. 2022. Capacity development in the Ocean Decade and beyond: Key questions about meanings, motivations, pathways, and measurements. Earth System Governance 12: 100138. DOI: 10.1016/j.esg.2022.100138. Policy Brief How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/ Artistic product - DiepRespek: Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems film/video. Available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6kdnR2eXmgDiepRespek video was featured in a blog of the South Africa Deep-Sea Trawling Industry Association, which noted that the video was "spreading quickly among fishing crews working in South Africa's trawl fishery for hake.": https://www.sadstia.co.za/news/dieprespek-shines-a-fresh-light-on-vulnerable-marine-ecosystems/ - "The Indlela Yokuphila (the Soul Journey)." Available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNm-Yf8Dt10. The short film "Indlela Yokuphila" meaning "the Soul's journey" in Zulu was researched and narrated by Mpume Mthombeni (Empatheatre) and directed by Marc Moynihan (Shells & Spells) and Dr. Dylan McGarry (Empatheatre/Rhodes University), the film aims to make intangible ocean heritages more tangible in governance and education through animation and public dialogue, and return the sacred to our conversations around ocean wellbeing. Short films: - "From the bottom of the sea to the laboratory," available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPJ7935sOd0&t=12s - "Understanding the deep sea" short film, available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wUSOYfPOdDI. Blogposts: Baker M, Ramirez-Llodra E and Tyler P. (2020). "Natural Capital and Exploitation of the Deep Ocean." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/natural-capital-and-exploitation-of-the-deep-ocean/ Febrica S. (2021). "One Ocean Hub holds a "Deep-sea life summit"". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-one-ocean-hub-holds-a-deep-sea-life-summit/ Febrica S. (2020). "Calling for An Integrated Framework to Manage the High Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/calling-for-an-integrated-framework-to-manage-the-high-seas/ One Ocean Hub. (2021). MzanSea - Launcing an innovative ocean literacy website and children's activity book. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/MzanSea-an-innovative-ocean-literacy-project-launches-a-website-and-a-childrens-activity-book/ Lavelle J. (2021). "Towards a community of practice for equitable and sustainable marine biodiversity in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-a-community-of-practice-for-equitable-and-sustainable-marine-biodiscovery-in-south-africa/ Lavelle J. (2021). "New study on inclusive and equitable research and innovation in marine biodiscovery." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-study-on-inclusive-and-equitable-research-and-innovation-in-marine-biodiscovery/ Niner H and McQuaid K. (2021). "Defining the environmental impact assessment process for deep-sea mining." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/defining-the-environmental-impact-assessment-process-for-deep-sea-mining/ One Ocean Hub. (2020). "Focus on: Deep Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/focus-on-deep-sea/ One Ocean Hub. (2020). "Researchers' Contribution to the international negotiations on Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction Negotiation." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction-negotiation/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "New network of deep-water researchers aims to build Africa's capacity for deep-water research." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-network-of-deep-water-researchers-aims-to-build-africas-capacity-for-deep-water-research/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Deepening offshore research capacity in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-supported-deep-sea-cruise-deepens-offshore-research-capacity-in-south-africa/ Wynberg R, Dorrington R, Upton M and Sink K. (2020). "Biodiscovery: Exploring the Science-Policy Interface in the One Ocean Hub." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/biodiscovery-exploring-the-science-policy-interface-in-the-one-ocean-hub/ One Ocean Hub. (2021). Challenges and solutions for deep-sea research and management in South Africa. Available from: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/ Website of MzanSea: https://MzanSea.org/ Report: Sink KJ, McQuaid K, Atkinson LJ, Palmer RM, Van der Heever G, Majiedt PA, Dunga LV, Currie JC, Adams R, Wahome M, Howell K & AW Patterson. 2021. Challenges and Solutions to develop capacity for Deep-sea Research and Management in South Africa. South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa, 35pp. Available: https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/. Outcomes This partnership is working towards the specific outcome of increased research capacity in deep-sea knowledge, techniques and data (SDG 14A). Towards this outcome, the partnership has began a programme of deep-sea research methods training. They delivered training in benthic biodiversity data collection to 15 researchers and government scientists from both South Africa and Namibia in collaboration with the DOSI-Project. This has led to further collaboration to develop new Namibian Deep-Sea Benthic Collections with representatives of Namibia Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources in 2021 to now. Events carried out in 2021-2024. SANBI have participated and presented in all meetings of the South Africa Marine Spatial Planning Working Group. In addition, this working group benefitted from the new interdisciplinary connections developed under the One Ocean Hub: interdisciplinary input from the One Ocean Hub team was provided at an information session on "Marine spatial biodiversity priorities as an input into marine spatial planning", which took place on 22 October 2020, hosted by Biodiversity & Coastal Research Department of Environmental Affairs, Forestry and Fisheries (DEFF): Oceans and Coasts, South Africa Government. As an outcome of this meeting, members of the technical team of planners who inform environmental priorities in marine spatial planning have requested a follow-up meeting with Hub researchers to discuss key issues raised in 2021. The MzanSea team have presented to the Marine and Coastal Educators Network and are in discussion with members of this network from the three South Africa aquariums on the implementation of the MzanSea products. In December 2021, a new website of the MzanSea (see: https://MzanSea.org/) was launched. The MzanSea team also developed a children's activity book and a set of fact sheets. The MzanSea products also include elements about why and how to care for ocean ecosystems and also profiles young marine scientists studying different ecosystem types. The Indlela Yokuphila animation project was launched during the UN World Oceans Day in June 2023. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNm-Yf8Dt10). This event was attended by 34 attendees. It was already showcased at the following events: - "Indlela yokuphila (the path of life)," the UN World Ocean Week in June 2020 (here: https://bit.ly/3HXx2K1). This event was attended by 72 attendees. - "Climate-related conflict: arts-based mediation and recourse to redress," the One Ocean Hub joint side event with the Green Climate Fund in November 2021 for Climate COP26. This event was attended by 26 attendees (here: https://bit.ly/3i0MYk9). - "Arts-Based research and solidarity practices with Indigenous Knowledge Holders in Plural Ocean Governance - lessons from South Africa," the UN World Oceans Day side-event with Peace Boat, Blue Planet Alliance and the UNDOALOS on 9 June 2023 (here: https://oneoceanhub.org/empatheatre-short-film-indlela-yokuphila-the-souls-journey-at-the-united-nations-world-ocean-week/). This event was attended by 26 attendees. - Mpume Mthombeni's talk at the official UN World Ocean Day celebration, 9 June 2023 titled "Why storytelling is the sacred medicine ocean governance needs"the official UN World Oceans Day celebration at the UN Headquarters in New York (here: https://oneoceanhub.org/i-took-my-ancestors-to-the-united-nations-and-shared-why-storytelling-is-the-sacred-medicine-ocean-governance-needs/; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2-uSE26tnU&t=63s ). The event was attended by 350 in-person attendees and 102,000 online attendees, reaching 110 UN member states. This collaboration has also contributed in co-organising three webinars for the UN World Oceans Day 2020-2021. • Studying the Sea - Accessing Ocean Research Career: https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=Arwc_wTwsJ4. This event was attended by 76 attendees. ? "Inclusive Ocean Conservation: Innovations in Marine Spatial Planning," organized for the UN World Oceans Day 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mP4LU8_4KK8&t=2s. This event was attended by 29 persons. ? "Wonders of the Deep", organized for the UN World Oceans Day 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvUJvqPB6is. This event was attended by 131 attendees. Disciplines involved in this collaboration: deep-sea science, sociology, anthropology, arts.
Start Year 2020
 
Description Contributing to the UN Decade for Ocean Science 
Organisation Convention on Biological Diversity
Country Canada 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution The One Ocean Hub adopts inter- and transdisciplinarity, working across disciplines including marine science, law, anthropology, sociology, history, and arts, as well as with diverse knowledge holders (see https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take/). From the outset, the Hub has organized events to share iterative learning on its inter- and transdisciplinary practices, including events for the World Oceans Week (https://oneoceanhub.org/un-world-oceans-day/) and the UN Nippon Fellow Alumni capacity-building programme (https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=acRnJj4ckas&t=20s) in 2020. The Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow, UK in November 2021 provided another opportunity for the Hub to showcase the values and contributions of the Hub transdisciplinary research in developing climate change adaptation and mitigation measures to international partners and other stakeholders, including the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO that also acts as the Secretariat of the United Nations Decade of Science for Sustainable Development. This paved the way for closer collaboration between the Hub and IOC UNESCO/Ocean Decade on transdisciplinary research. Climate change is driving rapid and vast changes to the ocean and consequently the ways that people relate to it. Adaptation to these changes will be essential to maintain the services and values that it provides. Given the complexity of challenges posed by climate change multi-disciplinarity and science/policy engagement are key to build suitable adaptation and mitigation. There is a pressing need to integrate both different knowledge system, including traditional knowledge in ocean research and to work with varied and relevant stakeholders including traditional knowledge holder. This is a key understanding to ocean-climate solution shared by the Hub and IOC-UNESCO/UN Ocean Decade. In June 2022, the IOC-UNESCO endorsed the Hub "Research Programme 4" as a project forming part of the UN Decade; and in November 2021, the IOC-UNESCO invited the Hub to apply as an "Implementing Partner" of the Decade and co-develop a programme on transdiciplinarity. In October 2023 the IOC-UNESCO also endorsed the One Ocean Hub as Decade Implementation Partner focusing specifically on Challenge 10 but also addressing others that include Challenge 3, 4 and 5. As part of its role under this endorsement, the Hub will develop the Transdisciplinary Toolbox of Ocean Knowledge Co-Production for Transformative Governance - supporting just, inclusive sustainable ocean governance and exploring its transferability to other Decade's projects and activities, the Hub will also respond to other Decade challenges - particularly Challenges 3, 4, and 5. In addition, the Transdisciplinary Toolbox promotes embedding of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, multiple SDGs and the new Agreement on Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction, by integrating the ecosystem approach and the human rights-based approach in ocean research and governance. The Hub presented components of the Transdisciplinary Toolbox at the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona in April 2024 in a satellite event organized by the Hub through a partnership with University of Cardiff,. The Challenges that the Transdisciplinary Toolbox addresses are detailed as follows: Challenge 10: Ensure that the multiple values and services of the ocean for human wellbeing, culture, and sustainable development are widely understood, and identify and overcome barriers to behaviour change required for a step change in humanity's relationship with the ocean. Challenge 3: Generate knowledge, support innovation, and develop solutions to optimise the role of the ocean in sustainably feeding the world's population under changing environmental, social and climate conditions. Challenge 4: Generate knowledge, support innovation, and develop solutions for equitable and sustainable development of the ocean economy under changing environmental, social and climate conditions. Challenge 5: Enhance understanding of the ocean-climate nexus and generate knowledge and solutions to mitigate, adapt and build resilience to the effects of climate change across all geographies and at all scales, and to improve services including predictions for the ocean, climate and weather. In April 2024, Hub researcher and Empatheatre co-founder Dylan McGarry contributed to the Ocean Literacy Dialogue and the UN Ocean Decade Conference, with a particular emphasis on the need to shift attention from 'ocean literacy' to 'ocean fluency'. He was then invited to contribute to the re-framing of Challenge 10 of the UN Decade for Ocean Science on 'Changing humanity's relationship with the ocean'. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia; Rhodes University, South Africa). • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; University of Plymouth, UK • partner organisations based in the Global North: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, France; Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Italy; Convention on Biological Diversity, Canada The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Research organisations based in the Global North: University of California, San Diego (UCSD), US; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, US • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Global Ocean Forum, US; UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, Germany; International Maritime Organization, UK; Coordinator of the Group of Experts of the UN Regular Process - World Ocean Assessment, US.
Collaborator Contribution The United Nations proclaimed the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) to support efforts to reverse the cycle of decline in ocean health and gather ocean stakeholders worldwide behind a common framework that will ensure ocean science can fully support countries in creating improved conditions for sustainable development of the Ocean. The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO serves as the main coordinator of the Ocean Decade. The Hub collaboration with the (IOC) of UNESCO started during Climate COP26 in November 2021. The Hub led the co-organisation of High-Level Event for COP26 Virtual Ocean Pavilion. The Virtual Ocean Pavilion is an online platform dedicated to raising the visibility of the ocean and showcasing why the ocean matters in climate negotiations and to all life on our planet. It aims to increase knowledge, commitment and action for the ocean-climate nexus during and at key events in the run up to and during the UN Climate Change Conference (COP). The Pavilion is coordinated by Global Ocean Forum in collaboration with various partners such as the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the UNESCO, the Plymouth Marine Laboratory, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to mention a few. The Hub has been a co-organiser of the Virtual Ocean Pavilion from 2021 until now. On 1st November 2021, the One Ocean Hub co-organised a roundtable titled 'Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) Ocean and Climate Change Dialogue Theme: Strengthening cooperation and collaboration among relevant UN bodies in tackling ocean and climate change' for the COP26 Virtual Ocean Pavilion to bring together UN bodies and researchers from different disciplines on the ocean-climate nexus. The roundtable explored the need for joint interventions by the UN System and global organisations to build ocean resilience in the face of climate change, using sustainable and inclusive mitigation and adaptation strategies. The event was chaired by Mr Eden Charles, Lecturer at the Faculty of Law, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago and Chairperson of the Advisory Board of One Ocean Hub. It brought together high-level representatives from different UN bodies including the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, IOC-UNESCO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, International Maritime Organization, Coordinator of the Group of Experts of the UN Regular Process - World Ocean Assessment, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, and Hub researchers, Dr Bernadette Snow (University of Strathclyde, UK) and Dr Sian Rees (University of Plymouth, UK). This event enabled the Hub to share progress and lessons learnt in transdisciplinary ocean research with a view to supporting science-policy interfaces that integrate different stakeholders and human rights-holders, as well as experts from marine sciences and social sciences, law, humanities and arts and shared key learnings with the IOC UNESCO who also serves as the Secretariat of the UN Decade for Ocean Science. The Hub key learnings shared during the event are listed in our policy brief titled "How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development" that is available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/. In June 2022, the IOC UNESCO informed the Hub of their endorsement of One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4" as a project forming part of the UN Decade due to the Hub's engagement and commitment to the Ocean Decade vision of "the science we need for the ocean we want" (see the announcement here: https://oceandecade.org/actions/one-ocean-hub-research-programme-4/ and the endorsement letter from IOC UNESCO here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/b6gl0n9dtkeg39k7cabtdvgp26). Research Programme 4 focuses on capacity building for deep-sea science in the South-East Atlantic to advance understanding of offshore marine biodiversity through new deep-water surveys in one of the world's most poorly known ecosystems. It aims to develop new methods to predict the distribution of species and habitats and of multiple threats to stimulate various management scenarios. Within the structure set out in the Ocean Decade Implementation Plan, individual projects are typically attached to endorsed Decade Programmes. One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4 is attached to Decade Programme "Challenger 150 - A Decade to Study Deep-Sea Life". Challenger 150 is a global cooperative aims 'to advance understanding of the diversity, distribution, function and services provided by deep-ocean biota; and to use this new knowledge to educate, inspire, and promote better management and sustainable use of the deep ocean' (https://challenger150.world/). As part of the Ocean Decade the IOC UNESCO facilitates the effort of the ocean community in responding to the pressing need for adaptation strategies and science-policy responses to address problems affecting the ocean and peoples most dependent on it. To do so, the UN Ocean Decade endorses so-called Implementing Partners. Implementing Partners are selected stakeholder institutions, networks or groups that are committed to the vision and mission of the Decade, and that are making significant and sustained efforts to support the Decade through the implementation of specific tasks (see http://bit.ly/3l7GAwk). In November 2021, the IOC UNESCO invited the Hub to become an Ocean Decade Implementing Partner and to co-develop an Implementing Partner proposal focused on transdiciplinarity (see: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/njo8s3g69bb7f9as935jb0a8do). As a Decade Implementing Partner on transdiciplinarity, the Hub will facilitate and coordinate national, regional and international contributions including workshop, event, exhibit, conference, and publications that contribute to Ocean Decade's commitment to co-designing research and solutions that is critical for revolutionizing ocean science and transforming ocean governance. The Hub is expecting to receive formal endorsement as the Decade Implementing Partner from the IOC UNESCO before mid 2023. Within the first three months of its mandate as a Decade Implementing Partner, the Hub has envisaged and prepared three events for the UN Ocean Decade Conference and has committed to deliver a talk and take part in the UK National UN Decade Committee meeting taking place 5-6 March at the Edinburgh Napier University, where Hub Deputy Director, Philile Mbatha will present. The events are designed to disseminate the finds in the field of transdisciplinary methods through its program Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance, as well as in the field of deep-sea research (Hub research program 4 - RP4), as part of its Decade Action mandate in relation to the Decade's Challenger 150 research program. In its capacity of Decade Implementing Partner (Transdisciplinary Toolbox), the Hub will deliver two knowledge sharing events within the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona in April 2024. On 9 April, the Hub will deliver a Satellite event entitled Introducing Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance. The satellite event "Introducing Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance" will be a three-tiered event consisting of a panel on the Hub's Ocean Knowledge Integration; a live performance and conversation on the Hub's art-based ocean research; and a dialogue forum on transformative ocean governance methods with the Marine Social Sciences Network and the University of Cardiff. Hub researchers Elisa Morgera, Nina Rivers, Milica Prokic (University of Strathclyde, UK), Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Elsemi Olwage (University of Namibia, Namibia), Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, South Africa), and Mpume Mthombeni will be delivering this event's program. The satellite event regarding the Challenger 150 program will be delivered by Hub's researchers from the University of Plymouth will be delivering another satellite event, as a member project of Challenger 150. Programme. The Hub's work represented in this capacity will be Plymouth's deep-sea research. In addition to this, Nina Rivers will present a poster entitled 'Weaving it all together: Inter and transdisciplinary co-design of ocean science for a sustainable and equitable future- a case study from Ghana'. The presentation will take place between 10 and 12 April 2024, within the regular program of the Conference. The UN Ocean Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development's "Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance" is developed based on Hub's research, experience and practices. As part of the Hub's role as a Decade Implementation Partnership endorsed in October 2023, the proposed transdisciplinary toolbox for ocean knowledge co-production supporting just, inclusive, and sustainable ocean governance represents the Hub's original product, envisaged as a program applicable at the international level as well as to a variety of geographical contexts. The Toolbox is envisaged adaptable and applicable to the programs of various and diverse Decade's partners through guidance of how to make the best use of the programme. It will also benefit the programs focusing on sustainable development beyond the ocean context. Responding to Challenge 10 (to 'ensure that the multiple values and services of the ocean for human wellbeing, culture, and sustainable development are widely understood, and identify and overcome barriers to behaviour change required for a step change in humanity's relationship with the ocean'), the Toolbox takes a comprehensive and innovative approach to transdisciplinary knowledge, methodologies, and research findings. It builds on the Hub's expertise in integrated approaches to the implementation of human rights, environmental law and the law of the sea, on the basis of aligned evidence from the marine and social sciences and the arts. It draws from the comprehensive and still evolving array of innovative research methodologies, activities and findings co-developed by the Hub and discussed with various partners (including international NGOs and various bodies of the UN System). This collaboration also promotes gender equality. 85 per cent of Hub researchers who will be attending and presenting at Decade Conference in April 2024 are women. Hub's contributions to the Conference that is expected to be the largest gathering for the global ocean community in 2024 will also explore the varying the conditions of success for the Ocean Decade including inclusivity, equity and diversity across gender, generations and geographies. Hub's participation at the Decade Conference will also enable the Hub to share lessons learned and best practices on the importance of research co-development for sustainable development to Heads of State, leaders of UN agencies, industry and philanthropic leaders who will be present at the Conference.
Impact Peer-reviewed articles: M Lombard et al, 'Principles for Transformative Ocean Governance' (2023) Nature Sustainability https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-023-01210-9 Narayanaswamy B et al (2020). A blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea ocean decade field program. Frontiers in Marine Science https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861. Howell K et al. (2021). "A decade to study deep-sea life." Frontiers in Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01352-5. Howell K et al. (2021). "A Blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea Ocean Decade Field Program." Frontiers in Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861. McQuaid et.al. (2022). "Capacity development in the Ocean Decade and beyond: Key questions about meanings, motivations, pathways, and measurements" Earth System Governance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2022.100138. Jacob C, Diederichsen SD, Fullbrook L, Lombard AT, Rees SE, Rivers N, Snow B, Strand M, Zuercher R, Niner HJ. (2023). "A two-way process - Social capacity as a driver and outcome of equitable marine spatial planning." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105507. Strand M, Rivers N, Baasch R, Snow B. (2022). "Developing arts-based participatory research for more inclusive knowledge co-production in Algoa Bay." Current Research in Environmental Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsust.2022.100178. International recognition/endorsement: Endorsement of One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4 as the Ocean Decade Action in 2022 by the Secretariat of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. See the announcement here: https://oceandecade.org/actions/one-ocean-hub-research-programme-4/ and the endorsement letter from IOC UNESCO here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/b6gl0n9dtkeg39k7cabtdvgp26. One Ocean Hub has been invited by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO to be the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development Implementing Partner on transdisciplinary in November 2021. To see the evidence of the co-development of the Implementing Partner proposal between the Hub and IOC UNESCO from November 2021 until December 2022 see email exchanges here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/njo8s3g69bb7f9as935jb0a8do Report: Sink K, McQuaid K, Atkinson L, Palmer R, Van der Heever G, Majied P, Loyiso D, Currie J, Adams R, Wahome M, Howell K, Paterson A. (2022). "Challenges and Solutions to develop capacity for Deep-sea Research and Management in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/. Policy brief: One Ocean Hub Policy Brief: "How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development." (2021). Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/. Blogposts: Febrica S. (2021). "Bringing transdiciplinarity in science-policy interface for ocean sustainability". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/bringing-transdiciplinarity-in-science-policy-interface-for-ocean-sustainability/. James A. (2021). "Reflections on engaged, transdisciplinary creative research practice." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflections-on-engaged-transdisciplinary-creative-research-practice/. McDonald L. (2021). "Artfully Sustaining the Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ Wahome, Hills and Morgera. (2021). "Towards transdisciplinarity - which route to take?". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take/ Wahome, Hills and Morgera. (2021). "Towards transdisciplinarity - which route to take? Part II." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take-part-ii/. Wynberg R, Dorrington R, Upton M, and Sink K. (2020). "Biodiscovery: Exploring the Science-Policy Interface in the One Ocean Hub". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/biodiscovery-exploring-the-science-policy-interface-in-the-one-ocean-hub/. Maharaj P and Hills J. (2021). "The development of a transdiciplinary framewrok for sustainable and integrated ocean development in the Pacific." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-development-of-a-transdisciplinary-framework-for-sustainable-and-integrated-ocean-development-in-the-pacific/. Lavelle J. (2021). "Towards a community of practice for equitable and sustainable marine biodiversity in South Africa. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-a-community-of-practice-for-equitable-and-sustainable-marine-biodiscovery-in-south-africa/. Febrica S. (2021). "Considering the Ocean and Transdiciplinary Research in the UK's International Development Strategy." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/considering-the-ocean-and-transdisciplinary-research-in-the-uks-international-development-strategy/. McDonald L. (2021). "Surfacing emotional connections with the sea: DEEP Fund Projects update." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/surfacing-emotional-connections-with-the-sea-deep-fund-projects-update/. Lavelle J. (2021) "New study on inclusive and equitable research and innovation in marine biodiscovery." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-study-on-inclusive-and-equitable-research-and-innovation-in-marine-biodiscovery/. One Ocean Hub (2024), WE LAUNCHED OUR UN DECADE IMPLEMENTING PARTNER PROGRAM 'TRANSDISCIPLINARY TOOLBOX FOR TRANSFORMATIVE OCEAN GOVERNANCE' AT THE UN OCEAN DECADE CONFERENCE IN APRIL 2024, https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-launched-its-un-decade-implementing-partner-program-transdisciplinary-toolbox-for-transformative-ocean-governance-at-the-un-ocean-decade-conference/ One Ocean Hub (2024), REFRAMING OCEAN LITERACY UNDER THE UN OCEAN SCIENCE DECADE, https://oneoceanhub.org/reframing-the-un-ocean-science-decades-challenge-on-humanitys-relationship-with-the-ocean/ One Ocean Hub (2024), HIGHLIGHTS AND CHALLENGES OF THE OCEAN DECADE CONFERENCE 2024 - THE BIGGEST OCEAN GATHERING OF THE YEAR, https://oneoceanhub.org/highlights-and-challenges-of-the-ocean-decade-conference-2024-the-biggest-ocean-gathering-of-the-year/ Events: UN Ocean Decade Conference (Barcelona) 9-12 April 2024 • The Hub organised a 2-hour Satellite Event (9th April, tbc) to launch its Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance that the Hub is developing as the Decade Implementing Partner. • Alongside this event, Hub researchers from the University of Plymouth delivered another Satellite Event, as a member project of Challenger 150. • In addition to the Satellite Events, Hub early-career researcher Nina Rivers (University of Strathclyde/Nelson Mandela University) presented a poster entitled 'Weaving it all together: Inter and transdisciplinary co-design of ocean science for a sustainable and equitable future - a case study from Ghana'.
Start Year 2021
 
Description Contributing to the UN Decade for Ocean Science 
Organisation Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO
Country France 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution The One Ocean Hub adopts inter- and transdisciplinarity, working across disciplines including marine science, law, anthropology, sociology, history, and arts, as well as with diverse knowledge holders (see https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take/). From the outset, the Hub has organized events to share iterative learning on its inter- and transdisciplinary practices, including events for the World Oceans Week (https://oneoceanhub.org/un-world-oceans-day/) and the UN Nippon Fellow Alumni capacity-building programme (https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=acRnJj4ckas&t=20s) in 2020. The Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow, UK in November 2021 provided another opportunity for the Hub to showcase the values and contributions of the Hub transdisciplinary research in developing climate change adaptation and mitigation measures to international partners and other stakeholders, including the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO that also acts as the Secretariat of the United Nations Decade of Science for Sustainable Development. This paved the way for closer collaboration between the Hub and IOC UNESCO/Ocean Decade on transdisciplinary research. Climate change is driving rapid and vast changes to the ocean and consequently the ways that people relate to it. Adaptation to these changes will be essential to maintain the services and values that it provides. Given the complexity of challenges posed by climate change multi-disciplinarity and science/policy engagement are key to build suitable adaptation and mitigation. There is a pressing need to integrate both different knowledge system, including traditional knowledge in ocean research and to work with varied and relevant stakeholders including traditional knowledge holder. This is a key understanding to ocean-climate solution shared by the Hub and IOC-UNESCO/UN Ocean Decade. In June 2022, the IOC-UNESCO endorsed the Hub "Research Programme 4" as a project forming part of the UN Decade; and in November 2021, the IOC-UNESCO invited the Hub to apply as an "Implementing Partner" of the Decade and co-develop a programme on transdiciplinarity. In October 2023 the IOC-UNESCO also endorsed the One Ocean Hub as Decade Implementation Partner focusing specifically on Challenge 10 but also addressing others that include Challenge 3, 4 and 5. As part of its role under this endorsement, the Hub will develop the Transdisciplinary Toolbox of Ocean Knowledge Co-Production for Transformative Governance - supporting just, inclusive sustainable ocean governance and exploring its transferability to other Decade's projects and activities, the Hub will also respond to other Decade challenges - particularly Challenges 3, 4, and 5. In addition, the Transdisciplinary Toolbox promotes embedding of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, multiple SDGs and the new Agreement on Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction, by integrating the ecosystem approach and the human rights-based approach in ocean research and governance. The Hub presented components of the Transdisciplinary Toolbox at the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona in April 2024 in a satellite event organized by the Hub through a partnership with University of Cardiff,. The Challenges that the Transdisciplinary Toolbox addresses are detailed as follows: Challenge 10: Ensure that the multiple values and services of the ocean for human wellbeing, culture, and sustainable development are widely understood, and identify and overcome barriers to behaviour change required for a step change in humanity's relationship with the ocean. Challenge 3: Generate knowledge, support innovation, and develop solutions to optimise the role of the ocean in sustainably feeding the world's population under changing environmental, social and climate conditions. Challenge 4: Generate knowledge, support innovation, and develop solutions for equitable and sustainable development of the ocean economy under changing environmental, social and climate conditions. Challenge 5: Enhance understanding of the ocean-climate nexus and generate knowledge and solutions to mitigate, adapt and build resilience to the effects of climate change across all geographies and at all scales, and to improve services including predictions for the ocean, climate and weather. In April 2024, Hub researcher and Empatheatre co-founder Dylan McGarry contributed to the Ocean Literacy Dialogue and the UN Ocean Decade Conference, with a particular emphasis on the need to shift attention from 'ocean literacy' to 'ocean fluency'. He was then invited to contribute to the re-framing of Challenge 10 of the UN Decade for Ocean Science on 'Changing humanity's relationship with the ocean'. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia; Rhodes University, South Africa). • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; University of Plymouth, UK • partner organisations based in the Global North: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, France; Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Italy; Convention on Biological Diversity, Canada The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Research organisations based in the Global North: University of California, San Diego (UCSD), US; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, US • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Global Ocean Forum, US; UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, Germany; International Maritime Organization, UK; Coordinator of the Group of Experts of the UN Regular Process - World Ocean Assessment, US.
Collaborator Contribution The United Nations proclaimed the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) to support efforts to reverse the cycle of decline in ocean health and gather ocean stakeholders worldwide behind a common framework that will ensure ocean science can fully support countries in creating improved conditions for sustainable development of the Ocean. The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO serves as the main coordinator of the Ocean Decade. The Hub collaboration with the (IOC) of UNESCO started during Climate COP26 in November 2021. The Hub led the co-organisation of High-Level Event for COP26 Virtual Ocean Pavilion. The Virtual Ocean Pavilion is an online platform dedicated to raising the visibility of the ocean and showcasing why the ocean matters in climate negotiations and to all life on our planet. It aims to increase knowledge, commitment and action for the ocean-climate nexus during and at key events in the run up to and during the UN Climate Change Conference (COP). The Pavilion is coordinated by Global Ocean Forum in collaboration with various partners such as the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the UNESCO, the Plymouth Marine Laboratory, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to mention a few. The Hub has been a co-organiser of the Virtual Ocean Pavilion from 2021 until now. On 1st November 2021, the One Ocean Hub co-organised a roundtable titled 'Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) Ocean and Climate Change Dialogue Theme: Strengthening cooperation and collaboration among relevant UN bodies in tackling ocean and climate change' for the COP26 Virtual Ocean Pavilion to bring together UN bodies and researchers from different disciplines on the ocean-climate nexus. The roundtable explored the need for joint interventions by the UN System and global organisations to build ocean resilience in the face of climate change, using sustainable and inclusive mitigation and adaptation strategies. The event was chaired by Mr Eden Charles, Lecturer at the Faculty of Law, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago and Chairperson of the Advisory Board of One Ocean Hub. It brought together high-level representatives from different UN bodies including the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, IOC-UNESCO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, International Maritime Organization, Coordinator of the Group of Experts of the UN Regular Process - World Ocean Assessment, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, and Hub researchers, Dr Bernadette Snow (University of Strathclyde, UK) and Dr Sian Rees (University of Plymouth, UK). This event enabled the Hub to share progress and lessons learnt in transdisciplinary ocean research with a view to supporting science-policy interfaces that integrate different stakeholders and human rights-holders, as well as experts from marine sciences and social sciences, law, humanities and arts and shared key learnings with the IOC UNESCO who also serves as the Secretariat of the UN Decade for Ocean Science. The Hub key learnings shared during the event are listed in our policy brief titled "How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development" that is available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/. In June 2022, the IOC UNESCO informed the Hub of their endorsement of One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4" as a project forming part of the UN Decade due to the Hub's engagement and commitment to the Ocean Decade vision of "the science we need for the ocean we want" (see the announcement here: https://oceandecade.org/actions/one-ocean-hub-research-programme-4/ and the endorsement letter from IOC UNESCO here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/b6gl0n9dtkeg39k7cabtdvgp26). Research Programme 4 focuses on capacity building for deep-sea science in the South-East Atlantic to advance understanding of offshore marine biodiversity through new deep-water surveys in one of the world's most poorly known ecosystems. It aims to develop new methods to predict the distribution of species and habitats and of multiple threats to stimulate various management scenarios. Within the structure set out in the Ocean Decade Implementation Plan, individual projects are typically attached to endorsed Decade Programmes. One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4 is attached to Decade Programme "Challenger 150 - A Decade to Study Deep-Sea Life". Challenger 150 is a global cooperative aims 'to advance understanding of the diversity, distribution, function and services provided by deep-ocean biota; and to use this new knowledge to educate, inspire, and promote better management and sustainable use of the deep ocean' (https://challenger150.world/). As part of the Ocean Decade the IOC UNESCO facilitates the effort of the ocean community in responding to the pressing need for adaptation strategies and science-policy responses to address problems affecting the ocean and peoples most dependent on it. To do so, the UN Ocean Decade endorses so-called Implementing Partners. Implementing Partners are selected stakeholder institutions, networks or groups that are committed to the vision and mission of the Decade, and that are making significant and sustained efforts to support the Decade through the implementation of specific tasks (see http://bit.ly/3l7GAwk). In November 2021, the IOC UNESCO invited the Hub to become an Ocean Decade Implementing Partner and to co-develop an Implementing Partner proposal focused on transdiciplinarity (see: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/njo8s3g69bb7f9as935jb0a8do). As a Decade Implementing Partner on transdiciplinarity, the Hub will facilitate and coordinate national, regional and international contributions including workshop, event, exhibit, conference, and publications that contribute to Ocean Decade's commitment to co-designing research and solutions that is critical for revolutionizing ocean science and transforming ocean governance. The Hub is expecting to receive formal endorsement as the Decade Implementing Partner from the IOC UNESCO before mid 2023. Within the first three months of its mandate as a Decade Implementing Partner, the Hub has envisaged and prepared three events for the UN Ocean Decade Conference and has committed to deliver a talk and take part in the UK National UN Decade Committee meeting taking place 5-6 March at the Edinburgh Napier University, where Hub Deputy Director, Philile Mbatha will present. The events are designed to disseminate the finds in the field of transdisciplinary methods through its program Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance, as well as in the field of deep-sea research (Hub research program 4 - RP4), as part of its Decade Action mandate in relation to the Decade's Challenger 150 research program. In its capacity of Decade Implementing Partner (Transdisciplinary Toolbox), the Hub will deliver two knowledge sharing events within the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona in April 2024. On 9 April, the Hub will deliver a Satellite event entitled Introducing Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance. The satellite event "Introducing Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance" will be a three-tiered event consisting of a panel on the Hub's Ocean Knowledge Integration; a live performance and conversation on the Hub's art-based ocean research; and a dialogue forum on transformative ocean governance methods with the Marine Social Sciences Network and the University of Cardiff. Hub researchers Elisa Morgera, Nina Rivers, Milica Prokic (University of Strathclyde, UK), Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Elsemi Olwage (University of Namibia, Namibia), Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, South Africa), and Mpume Mthombeni will be delivering this event's program. The satellite event regarding the Challenger 150 program will be delivered by Hub's researchers from the University of Plymouth will be delivering another satellite event, as a member project of Challenger 150. Programme. The Hub's work represented in this capacity will be Plymouth's deep-sea research. In addition to this, Nina Rivers will present a poster entitled 'Weaving it all together: Inter and transdisciplinary co-design of ocean science for a sustainable and equitable future- a case study from Ghana'. The presentation will take place between 10 and 12 April 2024, within the regular program of the Conference. The UN Ocean Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development's "Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance" is developed based on Hub's research, experience and practices. As part of the Hub's role as a Decade Implementation Partnership endorsed in October 2023, the proposed transdisciplinary toolbox for ocean knowledge co-production supporting just, inclusive, and sustainable ocean governance represents the Hub's original product, envisaged as a program applicable at the international level as well as to a variety of geographical contexts. The Toolbox is envisaged adaptable and applicable to the programs of various and diverse Decade's partners through guidance of how to make the best use of the programme. It will also benefit the programs focusing on sustainable development beyond the ocean context. Responding to Challenge 10 (to 'ensure that the multiple values and services of the ocean for human wellbeing, culture, and sustainable development are widely understood, and identify and overcome barriers to behaviour change required for a step change in humanity's relationship with the ocean'), the Toolbox takes a comprehensive and innovative approach to transdisciplinary knowledge, methodologies, and research findings. It builds on the Hub's expertise in integrated approaches to the implementation of human rights, environmental law and the law of the sea, on the basis of aligned evidence from the marine and social sciences and the arts. It draws from the comprehensive and still evolving array of innovative research methodologies, activities and findings co-developed by the Hub and discussed with various partners (including international NGOs and various bodies of the UN System). This collaboration also promotes gender equality. 85 per cent of Hub researchers who will be attending and presenting at Decade Conference in April 2024 are women. Hub's contributions to the Conference that is expected to be the largest gathering for the global ocean community in 2024 will also explore the varying the conditions of success for the Ocean Decade including inclusivity, equity and diversity across gender, generations and geographies. Hub's participation at the Decade Conference will also enable the Hub to share lessons learned and best practices on the importance of research co-development for sustainable development to Heads of State, leaders of UN agencies, industry and philanthropic leaders who will be present at the Conference.
Impact Peer-reviewed articles: M Lombard et al, 'Principles for Transformative Ocean Governance' (2023) Nature Sustainability https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-023-01210-9 Narayanaswamy B et al (2020). A blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea ocean decade field program. Frontiers in Marine Science https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861. Howell K et al. (2021). "A decade to study deep-sea life." Frontiers in Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01352-5. Howell K et al. (2021). "A Blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea Ocean Decade Field Program." Frontiers in Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861. McQuaid et.al. (2022). "Capacity development in the Ocean Decade and beyond: Key questions about meanings, motivations, pathways, and measurements" Earth System Governance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2022.100138. Jacob C, Diederichsen SD, Fullbrook L, Lombard AT, Rees SE, Rivers N, Snow B, Strand M, Zuercher R, Niner HJ. (2023). "A two-way process - Social capacity as a driver and outcome of equitable marine spatial planning." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105507. Strand M, Rivers N, Baasch R, Snow B. (2022). "Developing arts-based participatory research for more inclusive knowledge co-production in Algoa Bay." Current Research in Environmental Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsust.2022.100178. International recognition/endorsement: Endorsement of One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4 as the Ocean Decade Action in 2022 by the Secretariat of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. See the announcement here: https://oceandecade.org/actions/one-ocean-hub-research-programme-4/ and the endorsement letter from IOC UNESCO here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/b6gl0n9dtkeg39k7cabtdvgp26. One Ocean Hub has been invited by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO to be the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development Implementing Partner on transdisciplinary in November 2021. To see the evidence of the co-development of the Implementing Partner proposal between the Hub and IOC UNESCO from November 2021 until December 2022 see email exchanges here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/njo8s3g69bb7f9as935jb0a8do Report: Sink K, McQuaid K, Atkinson L, Palmer R, Van der Heever G, Majied P, Loyiso D, Currie J, Adams R, Wahome M, Howell K, Paterson A. (2022). "Challenges and Solutions to develop capacity for Deep-sea Research and Management in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/. Policy brief: One Ocean Hub Policy Brief: "How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development." (2021). Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/. Blogposts: Febrica S. (2021). "Bringing transdiciplinarity in science-policy interface for ocean sustainability". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/bringing-transdiciplinarity-in-science-policy-interface-for-ocean-sustainability/. James A. (2021). "Reflections on engaged, transdisciplinary creative research practice." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflections-on-engaged-transdisciplinary-creative-research-practice/. McDonald L. (2021). "Artfully Sustaining the Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ Wahome, Hills and Morgera. (2021). "Towards transdisciplinarity - which route to take?". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take/ Wahome, Hills and Morgera. (2021). "Towards transdisciplinarity - which route to take? Part II." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take-part-ii/. Wynberg R, Dorrington R, Upton M, and Sink K. (2020). "Biodiscovery: Exploring the Science-Policy Interface in the One Ocean Hub". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/biodiscovery-exploring-the-science-policy-interface-in-the-one-ocean-hub/. Maharaj P and Hills J. (2021). "The development of a transdiciplinary framewrok for sustainable and integrated ocean development in the Pacific." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-development-of-a-transdisciplinary-framework-for-sustainable-and-integrated-ocean-development-in-the-pacific/. Lavelle J. (2021). "Towards a community of practice for equitable and sustainable marine biodiversity in South Africa. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-a-community-of-practice-for-equitable-and-sustainable-marine-biodiscovery-in-south-africa/. Febrica S. (2021). "Considering the Ocean and Transdiciplinary Research in the UK's International Development Strategy." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/considering-the-ocean-and-transdisciplinary-research-in-the-uks-international-development-strategy/. McDonald L. (2021). "Surfacing emotional connections with the sea: DEEP Fund Projects update." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/surfacing-emotional-connections-with-the-sea-deep-fund-projects-update/. Lavelle J. (2021) "New study on inclusive and equitable research and innovation in marine biodiscovery." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-study-on-inclusive-and-equitable-research-and-innovation-in-marine-biodiscovery/. One Ocean Hub (2024), WE LAUNCHED OUR UN DECADE IMPLEMENTING PARTNER PROGRAM 'TRANSDISCIPLINARY TOOLBOX FOR TRANSFORMATIVE OCEAN GOVERNANCE' AT THE UN OCEAN DECADE CONFERENCE IN APRIL 2024, https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-launched-its-un-decade-implementing-partner-program-transdisciplinary-toolbox-for-transformative-ocean-governance-at-the-un-ocean-decade-conference/ One Ocean Hub (2024), REFRAMING OCEAN LITERACY UNDER THE UN OCEAN SCIENCE DECADE, https://oneoceanhub.org/reframing-the-un-ocean-science-decades-challenge-on-humanitys-relationship-with-the-ocean/ One Ocean Hub (2024), HIGHLIGHTS AND CHALLENGES OF THE OCEAN DECADE CONFERENCE 2024 - THE BIGGEST OCEAN GATHERING OF THE YEAR, https://oneoceanhub.org/highlights-and-challenges-of-the-ocean-decade-conference-2024-the-biggest-ocean-gathering-of-the-year/ Events: UN Ocean Decade Conference (Barcelona) 9-12 April 2024 • The Hub organised a 2-hour Satellite Event (9th April, tbc) to launch its Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance that the Hub is developing as the Decade Implementing Partner. • Alongside this event, Hub researchers from the University of Plymouth delivered another Satellite Event, as a member project of Challenger 150. • In addition to the Satellite Events, Hub early-career researcher Nina Rivers (University of Strathclyde/Nelson Mandela University) presented a poster entitled 'Weaving it all together: Inter and transdisciplinary co-design of ocean science for a sustainable and equitable future - a case study from Ghana'.
Start Year 2021
 
Description Contributing to the UN Decade for Ocean Science 
Organisation International Maritime Organisation
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution The One Ocean Hub adopts inter- and transdisciplinarity, working across disciplines including marine science, law, anthropology, sociology, history, and arts, as well as with diverse knowledge holders (see https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take/). From the outset, the Hub has organized events to share iterative learning on its inter- and transdisciplinary practices, including events for the World Oceans Week (https://oneoceanhub.org/un-world-oceans-day/) and the UN Nippon Fellow Alumni capacity-building programme (https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=acRnJj4ckas&t=20s) in 2020. The Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow, UK in November 2021 provided another opportunity for the Hub to showcase the values and contributions of the Hub transdisciplinary research in developing climate change adaptation and mitigation measures to international partners and other stakeholders, including the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO that also acts as the Secretariat of the United Nations Decade of Science for Sustainable Development. This paved the way for closer collaboration between the Hub and IOC UNESCO/Ocean Decade on transdisciplinary research. Climate change is driving rapid and vast changes to the ocean and consequently the ways that people relate to it. Adaptation to these changes will be essential to maintain the services and values that it provides. Given the complexity of challenges posed by climate change multi-disciplinarity and science/policy engagement are key to build suitable adaptation and mitigation. There is a pressing need to integrate both different knowledge system, including traditional knowledge in ocean research and to work with varied and relevant stakeholders including traditional knowledge holder. This is a key understanding to ocean-climate solution shared by the Hub and IOC-UNESCO/UN Ocean Decade. In June 2022, the IOC-UNESCO endorsed the Hub "Research Programme 4" as a project forming part of the UN Decade; and in November 2021, the IOC-UNESCO invited the Hub to apply as an "Implementing Partner" of the Decade and co-develop a programme on transdiciplinarity. In October 2023 the IOC-UNESCO also endorsed the One Ocean Hub as Decade Implementation Partner focusing specifically on Challenge 10 but also addressing others that include Challenge 3, 4 and 5. As part of its role under this endorsement, the Hub will develop the Transdisciplinary Toolbox of Ocean Knowledge Co-Production for Transformative Governance - supporting just, inclusive sustainable ocean governance and exploring its transferability to other Decade's projects and activities, the Hub will also respond to other Decade challenges - particularly Challenges 3, 4, and 5. In addition, the Transdisciplinary Toolbox promotes embedding of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, multiple SDGs and the new Agreement on Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction, by integrating the ecosystem approach and the human rights-based approach in ocean research and governance. The Hub presented components of the Transdisciplinary Toolbox at the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona in April 2024 in a satellite event organized by the Hub through a partnership with University of Cardiff,. The Challenges that the Transdisciplinary Toolbox addresses are detailed as follows: Challenge 10: Ensure that the multiple values and services of the ocean for human wellbeing, culture, and sustainable development are widely understood, and identify and overcome barriers to behaviour change required for a step change in humanity's relationship with the ocean. Challenge 3: Generate knowledge, support innovation, and develop solutions to optimise the role of the ocean in sustainably feeding the world's population under changing environmental, social and climate conditions. Challenge 4: Generate knowledge, support innovation, and develop solutions for equitable and sustainable development of the ocean economy under changing environmental, social and climate conditions. Challenge 5: Enhance understanding of the ocean-climate nexus and generate knowledge and solutions to mitigate, adapt and build resilience to the effects of climate change across all geographies and at all scales, and to improve services including predictions for the ocean, climate and weather. In April 2024, Hub researcher and Empatheatre co-founder Dylan McGarry contributed to the Ocean Literacy Dialogue and the UN Ocean Decade Conference, with a particular emphasis on the need to shift attention from 'ocean literacy' to 'ocean fluency'. He was then invited to contribute to the re-framing of Challenge 10 of the UN Decade for Ocean Science on 'Changing humanity's relationship with the ocean'. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia; Rhodes University, South Africa). • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; University of Plymouth, UK • partner organisations based in the Global North: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, France; Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Italy; Convention on Biological Diversity, Canada The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Research organisations based in the Global North: University of California, San Diego (UCSD), US; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, US • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Global Ocean Forum, US; UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, Germany; International Maritime Organization, UK; Coordinator of the Group of Experts of the UN Regular Process - World Ocean Assessment, US.
Collaborator Contribution The United Nations proclaimed the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) to support efforts to reverse the cycle of decline in ocean health and gather ocean stakeholders worldwide behind a common framework that will ensure ocean science can fully support countries in creating improved conditions for sustainable development of the Ocean. The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO serves as the main coordinator of the Ocean Decade. The Hub collaboration with the (IOC) of UNESCO started during Climate COP26 in November 2021. The Hub led the co-organisation of High-Level Event for COP26 Virtual Ocean Pavilion. The Virtual Ocean Pavilion is an online platform dedicated to raising the visibility of the ocean and showcasing why the ocean matters in climate negotiations and to all life on our planet. It aims to increase knowledge, commitment and action for the ocean-climate nexus during and at key events in the run up to and during the UN Climate Change Conference (COP). The Pavilion is coordinated by Global Ocean Forum in collaboration with various partners such as the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the UNESCO, the Plymouth Marine Laboratory, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to mention a few. The Hub has been a co-organiser of the Virtual Ocean Pavilion from 2021 until now. On 1st November 2021, the One Ocean Hub co-organised a roundtable titled 'Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) Ocean and Climate Change Dialogue Theme: Strengthening cooperation and collaboration among relevant UN bodies in tackling ocean and climate change' for the COP26 Virtual Ocean Pavilion to bring together UN bodies and researchers from different disciplines on the ocean-climate nexus. The roundtable explored the need for joint interventions by the UN System and global organisations to build ocean resilience in the face of climate change, using sustainable and inclusive mitigation and adaptation strategies. The event was chaired by Mr Eden Charles, Lecturer at the Faculty of Law, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago and Chairperson of the Advisory Board of One Ocean Hub. It brought together high-level representatives from different UN bodies including the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, IOC-UNESCO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, International Maritime Organization, Coordinator of the Group of Experts of the UN Regular Process - World Ocean Assessment, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, and Hub researchers, Dr Bernadette Snow (University of Strathclyde, UK) and Dr Sian Rees (University of Plymouth, UK). This event enabled the Hub to share progress and lessons learnt in transdisciplinary ocean research with a view to supporting science-policy interfaces that integrate different stakeholders and human rights-holders, as well as experts from marine sciences and social sciences, law, humanities and arts and shared key learnings with the IOC UNESCO who also serves as the Secretariat of the UN Decade for Ocean Science. The Hub key learnings shared during the event are listed in our policy brief titled "How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development" that is available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/. In June 2022, the IOC UNESCO informed the Hub of their endorsement of One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4" as a project forming part of the UN Decade due to the Hub's engagement and commitment to the Ocean Decade vision of "the science we need for the ocean we want" (see the announcement here: https://oceandecade.org/actions/one-ocean-hub-research-programme-4/ and the endorsement letter from IOC UNESCO here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/b6gl0n9dtkeg39k7cabtdvgp26). Research Programme 4 focuses on capacity building for deep-sea science in the South-East Atlantic to advance understanding of offshore marine biodiversity through new deep-water surveys in one of the world's most poorly known ecosystems. It aims to develop new methods to predict the distribution of species and habitats and of multiple threats to stimulate various management scenarios. Within the structure set out in the Ocean Decade Implementation Plan, individual projects are typically attached to endorsed Decade Programmes. One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4 is attached to Decade Programme "Challenger 150 - A Decade to Study Deep-Sea Life". Challenger 150 is a global cooperative aims 'to advance understanding of the diversity, distribution, function and services provided by deep-ocean biota; and to use this new knowledge to educate, inspire, and promote better management and sustainable use of the deep ocean' (https://challenger150.world/). As part of the Ocean Decade the IOC UNESCO facilitates the effort of the ocean community in responding to the pressing need for adaptation strategies and science-policy responses to address problems affecting the ocean and peoples most dependent on it. To do so, the UN Ocean Decade endorses so-called Implementing Partners. Implementing Partners are selected stakeholder institutions, networks or groups that are committed to the vision and mission of the Decade, and that are making significant and sustained efforts to support the Decade through the implementation of specific tasks (see http://bit.ly/3l7GAwk). In November 2021, the IOC UNESCO invited the Hub to become an Ocean Decade Implementing Partner and to co-develop an Implementing Partner proposal focused on transdiciplinarity (see: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/njo8s3g69bb7f9as935jb0a8do). As a Decade Implementing Partner on transdiciplinarity, the Hub will facilitate and coordinate national, regional and international contributions including workshop, event, exhibit, conference, and publications that contribute to Ocean Decade's commitment to co-designing research and solutions that is critical for revolutionizing ocean science and transforming ocean governance. The Hub is expecting to receive formal endorsement as the Decade Implementing Partner from the IOC UNESCO before mid 2023. Within the first three months of its mandate as a Decade Implementing Partner, the Hub has envisaged and prepared three events for the UN Ocean Decade Conference and has committed to deliver a talk and take part in the UK National UN Decade Committee meeting taking place 5-6 March at the Edinburgh Napier University, where Hub Deputy Director, Philile Mbatha will present. The events are designed to disseminate the finds in the field of transdisciplinary methods through its program Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance, as well as in the field of deep-sea research (Hub research program 4 - RP4), as part of its Decade Action mandate in relation to the Decade's Challenger 150 research program. In its capacity of Decade Implementing Partner (Transdisciplinary Toolbox), the Hub will deliver two knowledge sharing events within the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona in April 2024. On 9 April, the Hub will deliver a Satellite event entitled Introducing Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance. The satellite event "Introducing Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance" will be a three-tiered event consisting of a panel on the Hub's Ocean Knowledge Integration; a live performance and conversation on the Hub's art-based ocean research; and a dialogue forum on transformative ocean governance methods with the Marine Social Sciences Network and the University of Cardiff. Hub researchers Elisa Morgera, Nina Rivers, Milica Prokic (University of Strathclyde, UK), Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Elsemi Olwage (University of Namibia, Namibia), Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, South Africa), and Mpume Mthombeni will be delivering this event's program. The satellite event regarding the Challenger 150 program will be delivered by Hub's researchers from the University of Plymouth will be delivering another satellite event, as a member project of Challenger 150. Programme. The Hub's work represented in this capacity will be Plymouth's deep-sea research. In addition to this, Nina Rivers will present a poster entitled 'Weaving it all together: Inter and transdisciplinary co-design of ocean science for a sustainable and equitable future- a case study from Ghana'. The presentation will take place between 10 and 12 April 2024, within the regular program of the Conference. The UN Ocean Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development's "Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance" is developed based on Hub's research, experience and practices. As part of the Hub's role as a Decade Implementation Partnership endorsed in October 2023, the proposed transdisciplinary toolbox for ocean knowledge co-production supporting just, inclusive, and sustainable ocean governance represents the Hub's original product, envisaged as a program applicable at the international level as well as to a variety of geographical contexts. The Toolbox is envisaged adaptable and applicable to the programs of various and diverse Decade's partners through guidance of how to make the best use of the programme. It will also benefit the programs focusing on sustainable development beyond the ocean context. Responding to Challenge 10 (to 'ensure that the multiple values and services of the ocean for human wellbeing, culture, and sustainable development are widely understood, and identify and overcome barriers to behaviour change required for a step change in humanity's relationship with the ocean'), the Toolbox takes a comprehensive and innovative approach to transdisciplinary knowledge, methodologies, and research findings. It builds on the Hub's expertise in integrated approaches to the implementation of human rights, environmental law and the law of the sea, on the basis of aligned evidence from the marine and social sciences and the arts. It draws from the comprehensive and still evolving array of innovative research methodologies, activities and findings co-developed by the Hub and discussed with various partners (including international NGOs and various bodies of the UN System). This collaboration also promotes gender equality. 85 per cent of Hub researchers who will be attending and presenting at Decade Conference in April 2024 are women. Hub's contributions to the Conference that is expected to be the largest gathering for the global ocean community in 2024 will also explore the varying the conditions of success for the Ocean Decade including inclusivity, equity and diversity across gender, generations and geographies. Hub's participation at the Decade Conference will also enable the Hub to share lessons learned and best practices on the importance of research co-development for sustainable development to Heads of State, leaders of UN agencies, industry and philanthropic leaders who will be present at the Conference.
Impact Peer-reviewed articles: M Lombard et al, 'Principles for Transformative Ocean Governance' (2023) Nature Sustainability https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-023-01210-9 Narayanaswamy B et al (2020). A blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea ocean decade field program. Frontiers in Marine Science https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861. Howell K et al. (2021). "A decade to study deep-sea life." Frontiers in Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01352-5. Howell K et al. (2021). "A Blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea Ocean Decade Field Program." Frontiers in Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861. McQuaid et.al. (2022). "Capacity development in the Ocean Decade and beyond: Key questions about meanings, motivations, pathways, and measurements" Earth System Governance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2022.100138. Jacob C, Diederichsen SD, Fullbrook L, Lombard AT, Rees SE, Rivers N, Snow B, Strand M, Zuercher R, Niner HJ. (2023). "A two-way process - Social capacity as a driver and outcome of equitable marine spatial planning." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105507. Strand M, Rivers N, Baasch R, Snow B. (2022). "Developing arts-based participatory research for more inclusive knowledge co-production in Algoa Bay." Current Research in Environmental Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsust.2022.100178. International recognition/endorsement: Endorsement of One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4 as the Ocean Decade Action in 2022 by the Secretariat of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. See the announcement here: https://oceandecade.org/actions/one-ocean-hub-research-programme-4/ and the endorsement letter from IOC UNESCO here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/b6gl0n9dtkeg39k7cabtdvgp26. One Ocean Hub has been invited by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO to be the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development Implementing Partner on transdisciplinary in November 2021. To see the evidence of the co-development of the Implementing Partner proposal between the Hub and IOC UNESCO from November 2021 until December 2022 see email exchanges here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/njo8s3g69bb7f9as935jb0a8do Report: Sink K, McQuaid K, Atkinson L, Palmer R, Van der Heever G, Majied P, Loyiso D, Currie J, Adams R, Wahome M, Howell K, Paterson A. (2022). "Challenges and Solutions to develop capacity for Deep-sea Research and Management in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/. Policy brief: One Ocean Hub Policy Brief: "How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development." (2021). Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/. Blogposts: Febrica S. (2021). "Bringing transdiciplinarity in science-policy interface for ocean sustainability". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/bringing-transdiciplinarity-in-science-policy-interface-for-ocean-sustainability/. James A. (2021). "Reflections on engaged, transdisciplinary creative research practice." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflections-on-engaged-transdisciplinary-creative-research-practice/. McDonald L. (2021). "Artfully Sustaining the Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ Wahome, Hills and Morgera. (2021). "Towards transdisciplinarity - which route to take?". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take/ Wahome, Hills and Morgera. (2021). "Towards transdisciplinarity - which route to take? Part II." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take-part-ii/. Wynberg R, Dorrington R, Upton M, and Sink K. (2020). "Biodiscovery: Exploring the Science-Policy Interface in the One Ocean Hub". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/biodiscovery-exploring-the-science-policy-interface-in-the-one-ocean-hub/. Maharaj P and Hills J. (2021). "The development of a transdiciplinary framewrok for sustainable and integrated ocean development in the Pacific." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-development-of-a-transdisciplinary-framework-for-sustainable-and-integrated-ocean-development-in-the-pacific/. Lavelle J. (2021). "Towards a community of practice for equitable and sustainable marine biodiversity in South Africa. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-a-community-of-practice-for-equitable-and-sustainable-marine-biodiscovery-in-south-africa/. Febrica S. (2021). "Considering the Ocean and Transdiciplinary Research in the UK's International Development Strategy." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/considering-the-ocean-and-transdisciplinary-research-in-the-uks-international-development-strategy/. McDonald L. (2021). "Surfacing emotional connections with the sea: DEEP Fund Projects update." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/surfacing-emotional-connections-with-the-sea-deep-fund-projects-update/. Lavelle J. (2021) "New study on inclusive and equitable research and innovation in marine biodiscovery." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-study-on-inclusive-and-equitable-research-and-innovation-in-marine-biodiscovery/. One Ocean Hub (2024), WE LAUNCHED OUR UN DECADE IMPLEMENTING PARTNER PROGRAM 'TRANSDISCIPLINARY TOOLBOX FOR TRANSFORMATIVE OCEAN GOVERNANCE' AT THE UN OCEAN DECADE CONFERENCE IN APRIL 2024, https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-launched-its-un-decade-implementing-partner-program-transdisciplinary-toolbox-for-transformative-ocean-governance-at-the-un-ocean-decade-conference/ One Ocean Hub (2024), REFRAMING OCEAN LITERACY UNDER THE UN OCEAN SCIENCE DECADE, https://oneoceanhub.org/reframing-the-un-ocean-science-decades-challenge-on-humanitys-relationship-with-the-ocean/ One Ocean Hub (2024), HIGHLIGHTS AND CHALLENGES OF THE OCEAN DECADE CONFERENCE 2024 - THE BIGGEST OCEAN GATHERING OF THE YEAR, https://oneoceanhub.org/highlights-and-challenges-of-the-ocean-decade-conference-2024-the-biggest-ocean-gathering-of-the-year/ Events: UN Ocean Decade Conference (Barcelona) 9-12 April 2024 • The Hub organised a 2-hour Satellite Event (9th April, tbc) to launch its Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance that the Hub is developing as the Decade Implementing Partner. • Alongside this event, Hub researchers from the University of Plymouth delivered another Satellite Event, as a member project of Challenger 150. • In addition to the Satellite Events, Hub early-career researcher Nina Rivers (University of Strathclyde/Nelson Mandela University) presented a poster entitled 'Weaving it all together: Inter and transdisciplinary co-design of ocean science for a sustainable and equitable future - a case study from Ghana'.
Start Year 2021
 
Description Contributing to the UN Decade for Ocean Science 
Organisation Rhodes University
Country South Africa 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The One Ocean Hub adopts inter- and transdisciplinarity, working across disciplines including marine science, law, anthropology, sociology, history, and arts, as well as with diverse knowledge holders (see https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take/). From the outset, the Hub has organized events to share iterative learning on its inter- and transdisciplinary practices, including events for the World Oceans Week (https://oneoceanhub.org/un-world-oceans-day/) and the UN Nippon Fellow Alumni capacity-building programme (https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=acRnJj4ckas&t=20s) in 2020. The Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow, UK in November 2021 provided another opportunity for the Hub to showcase the values and contributions of the Hub transdisciplinary research in developing climate change adaptation and mitigation measures to international partners and other stakeholders, including the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO that also acts as the Secretariat of the United Nations Decade of Science for Sustainable Development. This paved the way for closer collaboration between the Hub and IOC UNESCO/Ocean Decade on transdisciplinary research. Climate change is driving rapid and vast changes to the ocean and consequently the ways that people relate to it. Adaptation to these changes will be essential to maintain the services and values that it provides. Given the complexity of challenges posed by climate change multi-disciplinarity and science/policy engagement are key to build suitable adaptation and mitigation. There is a pressing need to integrate both different knowledge system, including traditional knowledge in ocean research and to work with varied and relevant stakeholders including traditional knowledge holder. This is a key understanding to ocean-climate solution shared by the Hub and IOC-UNESCO/UN Ocean Decade. In June 2022, the IOC-UNESCO endorsed the Hub "Research Programme 4" as a project forming part of the UN Decade; and in November 2021, the IOC-UNESCO invited the Hub to apply as an "Implementing Partner" of the Decade and co-develop a programme on transdiciplinarity. In October 2023 the IOC-UNESCO also endorsed the One Ocean Hub as Decade Implementation Partner focusing specifically on Challenge 10 but also addressing others that include Challenge 3, 4 and 5. As part of its role under this endorsement, the Hub will develop the Transdisciplinary Toolbox of Ocean Knowledge Co-Production for Transformative Governance - supporting just, inclusive sustainable ocean governance and exploring its transferability to other Decade's projects and activities, the Hub will also respond to other Decade challenges - particularly Challenges 3, 4, and 5. In addition, the Transdisciplinary Toolbox promotes embedding of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, multiple SDGs and the new Agreement on Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction, by integrating the ecosystem approach and the human rights-based approach in ocean research and governance. The Hub presented components of the Transdisciplinary Toolbox at the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona in April 2024 in a satellite event organized by the Hub through a partnership with University of Cardiff,. The Challenges that the Transdisciplinary Toolbox addresses are detailed as follows: Challenge 10: Ensure that the multiple values and services of the ocean for human wellbeing, culture, and sustainable development are widely understood, and identify and overcome barriers to behaviour change required for a step change in humanity's relationship with the ocean. Challenge 3: Generate knowledge, support innovation, and develop solutions to optimise the role of the ocean in sustainably feeding the world's population under changing environmental, social and climate conditions. Challenge 4: Generate knowledge, support innovation, and develop solutions for equitable and sustainable development of the ocean economy under changing environmental, social and climate conditions. Challenge 5: Enhance understanding of the ocean-climate nexus and generate knowledge and solutions to mitigate, adapt and build resilience to the effects of climate change across all geographies and at all scales, and to improve services including predictions for the ocean, climate and weather. In April 2024, Hub researcher and Empatheatre co-founder Dylan McGarry contributed to the Ocean Literacy Dialogue and the UN Ocean Decade Conference, with a particular emphasis on the need to shift attention from 'ocean literacy' to 'ocean fluency'. He was then invited to contribute to the re-framing of Challenge 10 of the UN Decade for Ocean Science on 'Changing humanity's relationship with the ocean'. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia; Rhodes University, South Africa). • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; University of Plymouth, UK • partner organisations based in the Global North: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, France; Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Italy; Convention on Biological Diversity, Canada The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Research organisations based in the Global North: University of California, San Diego (UCSD), US; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, US • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Global Ocean Forum, US; UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, Germany; International Maritime Organization, UK; Coordinator of the Group of Experts of the UN Regular Process - World Ocean Assessment, US.
Collaborator Contribution The United Nations proclaimed the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) to support efforts to reverse the cycle of decline in ocean health and gather ocean stakeholders worldwide behind a common framework that will ensure ocean science can fully support countries in creating improved conditions for sustainable development of the Ocean. The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO serves as the main coordinator of the Ocean Decade. The Hub collaboration with the (IOC) of UNESCO started during Climate COP26 in November 2021. The Hub led the co-organisation of High-Level Event for COP26 Virtual Ocean Pavilion. The Virtual Ocean Pavilion is an online platform dedicated to raising the visibility of the ocean and showcasing why the ocean matters in climate negotiations and to all life on our planet. It aims to increase knowledge, commitment and action for the ocean-climate nexus during and at key events in the run up to and during the UN Climate Change Conference (COP). The Pavilion is coordinated by Global Ocean Forum in collaboration with various partners such as the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the UNESCO, the Plymouth Marine Laboratory, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to mention a few. The Hub has been a co-organiser of the Virtual Ocean Pavilion from 2021 until now. On 1st November 2021, the One Ocean Hub co-organised a roundtable titled 'Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) Ocean and Climate Change Dialogue Theme: Strengthening cooperation and collaboration among relevant UN bodies in tackling ocean and climate change' for the COP26 Virtual Ocean Pavilion to bring together UN bodies and researchers from different disciplines on the ocean-climate nexus. The roundtable explored the need for joint interventions by the UN System and global organisations to build ocean resilience in the face of climate change, using sustainable and inclusive mitigation and adaptation strategies. The event was chaired by Mr Eden Charles, Lecturer at the Faculty of Law, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago and Chairperson of the Advisory Board of One Ocean Hub. It brought together high-level representatives from different UN bodies including the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, IOC-UNESCO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, International Maritime Organization, Coordinator of the Group of Experts of the UN Regular Process - World Ocean Assessment, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, and Hub researchers, Dr Bernadette Snow (University of Strathclyde, UK) and Dr Sian Rees (University of Plymouth, UK). This event enabled the Hub to share progress and lessons learnt in transdisciplinary ocean research with a view to supporting science-policy interfaces that integrate different stakeholders and human rights-holders, as well as experts from marine sciences and social sciences, law, humanities and arts and shared key learnings with the IOC UNESCO who also serves as the Secretariat of the UN Decade for Ocean Science. The Hub key learnings shared during the event are listed in our policy brief titled "How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development" that is available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/. In June 2022, the IOC UNESCO informed the Hub of their endorsement of One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4" as a project forming part of the UN Decade due to the Hub's engagement and commitment to the Ocean Decade vision of "the science we need for the ocean we want" (see the announcement here: https://oceandecade.org/actions/one-ocean-hub-research-programme-4/ and the endorsement letter from IOC UNESCO here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/b6gl0n9dtkeg39k7cabtdvgp26). Research Programme 4 focuses on capacity building for deep-sea science in the South-East Atlantic to advance understanding of offshore marine biodiversity through new deep-water surveys in one of the world's most poorly known ecosystems. It aims to develop new methods to predict the distribution of species and habitats and of multiple threats to stimulate various management scenarios. Within the structure set out in the Ocean Decade Implementation Plan, individual projects are typically attached to endorsed Decade Programmes. One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4 is attached to Decade Programme "Challenger 150 - A Decade to Study Deep-Sea Life". Challenger 150 is a global cooperative aims 'to advance understanding of the diversity, distribution, function and services provided by deep-ocean biota; and to use this new knowledge to educate, inspire, and promote better management and sustainable use of the deep ocean' (https://challenger150.world/). As part of the Ocean Decade the IOC UNESCO facilitates the effort of the ocean community in responding to the pressing need for adaptation strategies and science-policy responses to address problems affecting the ocean and peoples most dependent on it. To do so, the UN Ocean Decade endorses so-called Implementing Partners. Implementing Partners are selected stakeholder institutions, networks or groups that are committed to the vision and mission of the Decade, and that are making significant and sustained efforts to support the Decade through the implementation of specific tasks (see http://bit.ly/3l7GAwk). In November 2021, the IOC UNESCO invited the Hub to become an Ocean Decade Implementing Partner and to co-develop an Implementing Partner proposal focused on transdiciplinarity (see: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/njo8s3g69bb7f9as935jb0a8do). As a Decade Implementing Partner on transdiciplinarity, the Hub will facilitate and coordinate national, regional and international contributions including workshop, event, exhibit, conference, and publications that contribute to Ocean Decade's commitment to co-designing research and solutions that is critical for revolutionizing ocean science and transforming ocean governance. The Hub is expecting to receive formal endorsement as the Decade Implementing Partner from the IOC UNESCO before mid 2023. Within the first three months of its mandate as a Decade Implementing Partner, the Hub has envisaged and prepared three events for the UN Ocean Decade Conference and has committed to deliver a talk and take part in the UK National UN Decade Committee meeting taking place 5-6 March at the Edinburgh Napier University, where Hub Deputy Director, Philile Mbatha will present. The events are designed to disseminate the finds in the field of transdisciplinary methods through its program Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance, as well as in the field of deep-sea research (Hub research program 4 - RP4), as part of its Decade Action mandate in relation to the Decade's Challenger 150 research program. In its capacity of Decade Implementing Partner (Transdisciplinary Toolbox), the Hub will deliver two knowledge sharing events within the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona in April 2024. On 9 April, the Hub will deliver a Satellite event entitled Introducing Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance. The satellite event "Introducing Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance" will be a three-tiered event consisting of a panel on the Hub's Ocean Knowledge Integration; a live performance and conversation on the Hub's art-based ocean research; and a dialogue forum on transformative ocean governance methods with the Marine Social Sciences Network and the University of Cardiff. Hub researchers Elisa Morgera, Nina Rivers, Milica Prokic (University of Strathclyde, UK), Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Elsemi Olwage (University of Namibia, Namibia), Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, South Africa), and Mpume Mthombeni will be delivering this event's program. The satellite event regarding the Challenger 150 program will be delivered by Hub's researchers from the University of Plymouth will be delivering another satellite event, as a member project of Challenger 150. Programme. The Hub's work represented in this capacity will be Plymouth's deep-sea research. In addition to this, Nina Rivers will present a poster entitled 'Weaving it all together: Inter and transdisciplinary co-design of ocean science for a sustainable and equitable future- a case study from Ghana'. The presentation will take place between 10 and 12 April 2024, within the regular program of the Conference. The UN Ocean Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development's "Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance" is developed based on Hub's research, experience and practices. As part of the Hub's role as a Decade Implementation Partnership endorsed in October 2023, the proposed transdisciplinary toolbox for ocean knowledge co-production supporting just, inclusive, and sustainable ocean governance represents the Hub's original product, envisaged as a program applicable at the international level as well as to a variety of geographical contexts. The Toolbox is envisaged adaptable and applicable to the programs of various and diverse Decade's partners through guidance of how to make the best use of the programme. It will also benefit the programs focusing on sustainable development beyond the ocean context. Responding to Challenge 10 (to 'ensure that the multiple values and services of the ocean for human wellbeing, culture, and sustainable development are widely understood, and identify and overcome barriers to behaviour change required for a step change in humanity's relationship with the ocean'), the Toolbox takes a comprehensive and innovative approach to transdisciplinary knowledge, methodologies, and research findings. It builds on the Hub's expertise in integrated approaches to the implementation of human rights, environmental law and the law of the sea, on the basis of aligned evidence from the marine and social sciences and the arts. It draws from the comprehensive and still evolving array of innovative research methodologies, activities and findings co-developed by the Hub and discussed with various partners (including international NGOs and various bodies of the UN System). This collaboration also promotes gender equality. 85 per cent of Hub researchers who will be attending and presenting at Decade Conference in April 2024 are women. Hub's contributions to the Conference that is expected to be the largest gathering for the global ocean community in 2024 will also explore the varying the conditions of success for the Ocean Decade including inclusivity, equity and diversity across gender, generations and geographies. Hub's participation at the Decade Conference will also enable the Hub to share lessons learned and best practices on the importance of research co-development for sustainable development to Heads of State, leaders of UN agencies, industry and philanthropic leaders who will be present at the Conference.
Impact Peer-reviewed articles: M Lombard et al, 'Principles for Transformative Ocean Governance' (2023) Nature Sustainability https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-023-01210-9 Narayanaswamy B et al (2020). A blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea ocean decade field program. Frontiers in Marine Science https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861. Howell K et al. (2021). "A decade to study deep-sea life." Frontiers in Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01352-5. Howell K et al. (2021). "A Blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea Ocean Decade Field Program." Frontiers in Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861. McQuaid et.al. (2022). "Capacity development in the Ocean Decade and beyond: Key questions about meanings, motivations, pathways, and measurements" Earth System Governance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2022.100138. Jacob C, Diederichsen SD, Fullbrook L, Lombard AT, Rees SE, Rivers N, Snow B, Strand M, Zuercher R, Niner HJ. (2023). "A two-way process - Social capacity as a driver and outcome of equitable marine spatial planning." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105507. Strand M, Rivers N, Baasch R, Snow B. (2022). "Developing arts-based participatory research for more inclusive knowledge co-production in Algoa Bay." Current Research in Environmental Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsust.2022.100178. International recognition/endorsement: Endorsement of One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4 as the Ocean Decade Action in 2022 by the Secretariat of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. See the announcement here: https://oceandecade.org/actions/one-ocean-hub-research-programme-4/ and the endorsement letter from IOC UNESCO here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/b6gl0n9dtkeg39k7cabtdvgp26. One Ocean Hub has been invited by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO to be the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development Implementing Partner on transdisciplinary in November 2021. To see the evidence of the co-development of the Implementing Partner proposal between the Hub and IOC UNESCO from November 2021 until December 2022 see email exchanges here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/njo8s3g69bb7f9as935jb0a8do Report: Sink K, McQuaid K, Atkinson L, Palmer R, Van der Heever G, Majied P, Loyiso D, Currie J, Adams R, Wahome M, Howell K, Paterson A. (2022). "Challenges and Solutions to develop capacity for Deep-sea Research and Management in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/. Policy brief: One Ocean Hub Policy Brief: "How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development." (2021). Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/. Blogposts: Febrica S. (2021). "Bringing transdiciplinarity in science-policy interface for ocean sustainability". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/bringing-transdiciplinarity-in-science-policy-interface-for-ocean-sustainability/. James A. (2021). "Reflections on engaged, transdisciplinary creative research practice." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflections-on-engaged-transdisciplinary-creative-research-practice/. McDonald L. (2021). "Artfully Sustaining the Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ Wahome, Hills and Morgera. (2021). "Towards transdisciplinarity - which route to take?". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take/ Wahome, Hills and Morgera. (2021). "Towards transdisciplinarity - which route to take? Part II." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take-part-ii/. Wynberg R, Dorrington R, Upton M, and Sink K. (2020). "Biodiscovery: Exploring the Science-Policy Interface in the One Ocean Hub". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/biodiscovery-exploring-the-science-policy-interface-in-the-one-ocean-hub/. Maharaj P and Hills J. (2021). "The development of a transdiciplinary framewrok for sustainable and integrated ocean development in the Pacific." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-development-of-a-transdisciplinary-framework-for-sustainable-and-integrated-ocean-development-in-the-pacific/. Lavelle J. (2021). "Towards a community of practice for equitable and sustainable marine biodiversity in South Africa. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-a-community-of-practice-for-equitable-and-sustainable-marine-biodiscovery-in-south-africa/. Febrica S. (2021). "Considering the Ocean and Transdiciplinary Research in the UK's International Development Strategy." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/considering-the-ocean-and-transdisciplinary-research-in-the-uks-international-development-strategy/. McDonald L. (2021). "Surfacing emotional connections with the sea: DEEP Fund Projects update." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/surfacing-emotional-connections-with-the-sea-deep-fund-projects-update/. Lavelle J. (2021) "New study on inclusive and equitable research and innovation in marine biodiscovery." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-study-on-inclusive-and-equitable-research-and-innovation-in-marine-biodiscovery/. One Ocean Hub (2024), WE LAUNCHED OUR UN DECADE IMPLEMENTING PARTNER PROGRAM 'TRANSDISCIPLINARY TOOLBOX FOR TRANSFORMATIVE OCEAN GOVERNANCE' AT THE UN OCEAN DECADE CONFERENCE IN APRIL 2024, https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-launched-its-un-decade-implementing-partner-program-transdisciplinary-toolbox-for-transformative-ocean-governance-at-the-un-ocean-decade-conference/ One Ocean Hub (2024), REFRAMING OCEAN LITERACY UNDER THE UN OCEAN SCIENCE DECADE, https://oneoceanhub.org/reframing-the-un-ocean-science-decades-challenge-on-humanitys-relationship-with-the-ocean/ One Ocean Hub (2024), HIGHLIGHTS AND CHALLENGES OF THE OCEAN DECADE CONFERENCE 2024 - THE BIGGEST OCEAN GATHERING OF THE YEAR, https://oneoceanhub.org/highlights-and-challenges-of-the-ocean-decade-conference-2024-the-biggest-ocean-gathering-of-the-year/ Events: UN Ocean Decade Conference (Barcelona) 9-12 April 2024 • The Hub organised a 2-hour Satellite Event (9th April, tbc) to launch its Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance that the Hub is developing as the Decade Implementing Partner. • Alongside this event, Hub researchers from the University of Plymouth delivered another Satellite Event, as a member project of Challenger 150. • In addition to the Satellite Events, Hub early-career researcher Nina Rivers (University of Strathclyde/Nelson Mandela University) presented a poster entitled 'Weaving it all together: Inter and transdisciplinary co-design of ocean science for a sustainable and equitable future - a case study from Ghana'.
Start Year 2021
 
Description Contributing to the UN Decade for Ocean Science 
Organisation United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organisation
Country Italy 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution The One Ocean Hub adopts inter- and transdisciplinarity, working across disciplines including marine science, law, anthropology, sociology, history, and arts, as well as with diverse knowledge holders (see https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take/). From the outset, the Hub has organized events to share iterative learning on its inter- and transdisciplinary practices, including events for the World Oceans Week (https://oneoceanhub.org/un-world-oceans-day/) and the UN Nippon Fellow Alumni capacity-building programme (https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=acRnJj4ckas&t=20s) in 2020. The Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow, UK in November 2021 provided another opportunity for the Hub to showcase the values and contributions of the Hub transdisciplinary research in developing climate change adaptation and mitigation measures to international partners and other stakeholders, including the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO that also acts as the Secretariat of the United Nations Decade of Science for Sustainable Development. This paved the way for closer collaboration between the Hub and IOC UNESCO/Ocean Decade on transdisciplinary research. Climate change is driving rapid and vast changes to the ocean and consequently the ways that people relate to it. Adaptation to these changes will be essential to maintain the services and values that it provides. Given the complexity of challenges posed by climate change multi-disciplinarity and science/policy engagement are key to build suitable adaptation and mitigation. There is a pressing need to integrate both different knowledge system, including traditional knowledge in ocean research and to work with varied and relevant stakeholders including traditional knowledge holder. This is a key understanding to ocean-climate solution shared by the Hub and IOC-UNESCO/UN Ocean Decade. In June 2022, the IOC-UNESCO endorsed the Hub "Research Programme 4" as a project forming part of the UN Decade; and in November 2021, the IOC-UNESCO invited the Hub to apply as an "Implementing Partner" of the Decade and co-develop a programme on transdiciplinarity. In October 2023 the IOC-UNESCO also endorsed the One Ocean Hub as Decade Implementation Partner focusing specifically on Challenge 10 but also addressing others that include Challenge 3, 4 and 5. As part of its role under this endorsement, the Hub will develop the Transdisciplinary Toolbox of Ocean Knowledge Co-Production for Transformative Governance - supporting just, inclusive sustainable ocean governance and exploring its transferability to other Decade's projects and activities, the Hub will also respond to other Decade challenges - particularly Challenges 3, 4, and 5. In addition, the Transdisciplinary Toolbox promotes embedding of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, multiple SDGs and the new Agreement on Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction, by integrating the ecosystem approach and the human rights-based approach in ocean research and governance. The Hub presented components of the Transdisciplinary Toolbox at the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona in April 2024 in a satellite event organized by the Hub through a partnership with University of Cardiff,. The Challenges that the Transdisciplinary Toolbox addresses are detailed as follows: Challenge 10: Ensure that the multiple values and services of the ocean for human wellbeing, culture, and sustainable development are widely understood, and identify and overcome barriers to behaviour change required for a step change in humanity's relationship with the ocean. Challenge 3: Generate knowledge, support innovation, and develop solutions to optimise the role of the ocean in sustainably feeding the world's population under changing environmental, social and climate conditions. Challenge 4: Generate knowledge, support innovation, and develop solutions for equitable and sustainable development of the ocean economy under changing environmental, social and climate conditions. Challenge 5: Enhance understanding of the ocean-climate nexus and generate knowledge and solutions to mitigate, adapt and build resilience to the effects of climate change across all geographies and at all scales, and to improve services including predictions for the ocean, climate and weather. In April 2024, Hub researcher and Empatheatre co-founder Dylan McGarry contributed to the Ocean Literacy Dialogue and the UN Ocean Decade Conference, with a particular emphasis on the need to shift attention from 'ocean literacy' to 'ocean fluency'. He was then invited to contribute to the re-framing of Challenge 10 of the UN Decade for Ocean Science on 'Changing humanity's relationship with the ocean'. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia; Rhodes University, South Africa). • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; University of Plymouth, UK • partner organisations based in the Global North: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, France; Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Italy; Convention on Biological Diversity, Canada The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Research organisations based in the Global North: University of California, San Diego (UCSD), US; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, US • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Global Ocean Forum, US; UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, Germany; International Maritime Organization, UK; Coordinator of the Group of Experts of the UN Regular Process - World Ocean Assessment, US.
Collaborator Contribution The United Nations proclaimed the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) to support efforts to reverse the cycle of decline in ocean health and gather ocean stakeholders worldwide behind a common framework that will ensure ocean science can fully support countries in creating improved conditions for sustainable development of the Ocean. The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO serves as the main coordinator of the Ocean Decade. The Hub collaboration with the (IOC) of UNESCO started during Climate COP26 in November 2021. The Hub led the co-organisation of High-Level Event for COP26 Virtual Ocean Pavilion. The Virtual Ocean Pavilion is an online platform dedicated to raising the visibility of the ocean and showcasing why the ocean matters in climate negotiations and to all life on our planet. It aims to increase knowledge, commitment and action for the ocean-climate nexus during and at key events in the run up to and during the UN Climate Change Conference (COP). The Pavilion is coordinated by Global Ocean Forum in collaboration with various partners such as the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the UNESCO, the Plymouth Marine Laboratory, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to mention a few. The Hub has been a co-organiser of the Virtual Ocean Pavilion from 2021 until now. On 1st November 2021, the One Ocean Hub co-organised a roundtable titled 'Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) Ocean and Climate Change Dialogue Theme: Strengthening cooperation and collaboration among relevant UN bodies in tackling ocean and climate change' for the COP26 Virtual Ocean Pavilion to bring together UN bodies and researchers from different disciplines on the ocean-climate nexus. The roundtable explored the need for joint interventions by the UN System and global organisations to build ocean resilience in the face of climate change, using sustainable and inclusive mitigation and adaptation strategies. The event was chaired by Mr Eden Charles, Lecturer at the Faculty of Law, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago and Chairperson of the Advisory Board of One Ocean Hub. It brought together high-level representatives from different UN bodies including the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, IOC-UNESCO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, International Maritime Organization, Coordinator of the Group of Experts of the UN Regular Process - World Ocean Assessment, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, and Hub researchers, Dr Bernadette Snow (University of Strathclyde, UK) and Dr Sian Rees (University of Plymouth, UK). This event enabled the Hub to share progress and lessons learnt in transdisciplinary ocean research with a view to supporting science-policy interfaces that integrate different stakeholders and human rights-holders, as well as experts from marine sciences and social sciences, law, humanities and arts and shared key learnings with the IOC UNESCO who also serves as the Secretariat of the UN Decade for Ocean Science. The Hub key learnings shared during the event are listed in our policy brief titled "How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development" that is available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/. In June 2022, the IOC UNESCO informed the Hub of their endorsement of One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4" as a project forming part of the UN Decade due to the Hub's engagement and commitment to the Ocean Decade vision of "the science we need for the ocean we want" (see the announcement here: https://oceandecade.org/actions/one-ocean-hub-research-programme-4/ and the endorsement letter from IOC UNESCO here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/b6gl0n9dtkeg39k7cabtdvgp26). Research Programme 4 focuses on capacity building for deep-sea science in the South-East Atlantic to advance understanding of offshore marine biodiversity through new deep-water surveys in one of the world's most poorly known ecosystems. It aims to develop new methods to predict the distribution of species and habitats and of multiple threats to stimulate various management scenarios. Within the structure set out in the Ocean Decade Implementation Plan, individual projects are typically attached to endorsed Decade Programmes. One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4 is attached to Decade Programme "Challenger 150 - A Decade to Study Deep-Sea Life". Challenger 150 is a global cooperative aims 'to advance understanding of the diversity, distribution, function and services provided by deep-ocean biota; and to use this new knowledge to educate, inspire, and promote better management and sustainable use of the deep ocean' (https://challenger150.world/). As part of the Ocean Decade the IOC UNESCO facilitates the effort of the ocean community in responding to the pressing need for adaptation strategies and science-policy responses to address problems affecting the ocean and peoples most dependent on it. To do so, the UN Ocean Decade endorses so-called Implementing Partners. Implementing Partners are selected stakeholder institutions, networks or groups that are committed to the vision and mission of the Decade, and that are making significant and sustained efforts to support the Decade through the implementation of specific tasks (see http://bit.ly/3l7GAwk). In November 2021, the IOC UNESCO invited the Hub to become an Ocean Decade Implementing Partner and to co-develop an Implementing Partner proposal focused on transdiciplinarity (see: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/njo8s3g69bb7f9as935jb0a8do). As a Decade Implementing Partner on transdiciplinarity, the Hub will facilitate and coordinate national, regional and international contributions including workshop, event, exhibit, conference, and publications that contribute to Ocean Decade's commitment to co-designing research and solutions that is critical for revolutionizing ocean science and transforming ocean governance. The Hub is expecting to receive formal endorsement as the Decade Implementing Partner from the IOC UNESCO before mid 2023. Within the first three months of its mandate as a Decade Implementing Partner, the Hub has envisaged and prepared three events for the UN Ocean Decade Conference and has committed to deliver a talk and take part in the UK National UN Decade Committee meeting taking place 5-6 March at the Edinburgh Napier University, where Hub Deputy Director, Philile Mbatha will present. The events are designed to disseminate the finds in the field of transdisciplinary methods through its program Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance, as well as in the field of deep-sea research (Hub research program 4 - RP4), as part of its Decade Action mandate in relation to the Decade's Challenger 150 research program. In its capacity of Decade Implementing Partner (Transdisciplinary Toolbox), the Hub will deliver two knowledge sharing events within the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona in April 2024. On 9 April, the Hub will deliver a Satellite event entitled Introducing Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance. The satellite event "Introducing Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance" will be a three-tiered event consisting of a panel on the Hub's Ocean Knowledge Integration; a live performance and conversation on the Hub's art-based ocean research; and a dialogue forum on transformative ocean governance methods with the Marine Social Sciences Network and the University of Cardiff. Hub researchers Elisa Morgera, Nina Rivers, Milica Prokic (University of Strathclyde, UK), Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Elsemi Olwage (University of Namibia, Namibia), Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, South Africa), and Mpume Mthombeni will be delivering this event's program. The satellite event regarding the Challenger 150 program will be delivered by Hub's researchers from the University of Plymouth will be delivering another satellite event, as a member project of Challenger 150. Programme. The Hub's work represented in this capacity will be Plymouth's deep-sea research. In addition to this, Nina Rivers will present a poster entitled 'Weaving it all together: Inter and transdisciplinary co-design of ocean science for a sustainable and equitable future- a case study from Ghana'. The presentation will take place between 10 and 12 April 2024, within the regular program of the Conference. The UN Ocean Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development's "Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance" is developed based on Hub's research, experience and practices. As part of the Hub's role as a Decade Implementation Partnership endorsed in October 2023, the proposed transdisciplinary toolbox for ocean knowledge co-production supporting just, inclusive, and sustainable ocean governance represents the Hub's original product, envisaged as a program applicable at the international level as well as to a variety of geographical contexts. The Toolbox is envisaged adaptable and applicable to the programs of various and diverse Decade's partners through guidance of how to make the best use of the programme. It will also benefit the programs focusing on sustainable development beyond the ocean context. Responding to Challenge 10 (to 'ensure that the multiple values and services of the ocean for human wellbeing, culture, and sustainable development are widely understood, and identify and overcome barriers to behaviour change required for a step change in humanity's relationship with the ocean'), the Toolbox takes a comprehensive and innovative approach to transdisciplinary knowledge, methodologies, and research findings. It builds on the Hub's expertise in integrated approaches to the implementation of human rights, environmental law and the law of the sea, on the basis of aligned evidence from the marine and social sciences and the arts. It draws from the comprehensive and still evolving array of innovative research methodologies, activities and findings co-developed by the Hub and discussed with various partners (including international NGOs and various bodies of the UN System). This collaboration also promotes gender equality. 85 per cent of Hub researchers who will be attending and presenting at Decade Conference in April 2024 are women. Hub's contributions to the Conference that is expected to be the largest gathering for the global ocean community in 2024 will also explore the varying the conditions of success for the Ocean Decade including inclusivity, equity and diversity across gender, generations and geographies. Hub's participation at the Decade Conference will also enable the Hub to share lessons learned and best practices on the importance of research co-development for sustainable development to Heads of State, leaders of UN agencies, industry and philanthropic leaders who will be present at the Conference.
Impact Peer-reviewed articles: M Lombard et al, 'Principles for Transformative Ocean Governance' (2023) Nature Sustainability https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-023-01210-9 Narayanaswamy B et al (2020). A blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea ocean decade field program. Frontiers in Marine Science https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861. Howell K et al. (2021). "A decade to study deep-sea life." Frontiers in Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01352-5. Howell K et al. (2021). "A Blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea Ocean Decade Field Program." Frontiers in Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861. McQuaid et.al. (2022). "Capacity development in the Ocean Decade and beyond: Key questions about meanings, motivations, pathways, and measurements" Earth System Governance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2022.100138. Jacob C, Diederichsen SD, Fullbrook L, Lombard AT, Rees SE, Rivers N, Snow B, Strand M, Zuercher R, Niner HJ. (2023). "A two-way process - Social capacity as a driver and outcome of equitable marine spatial planning." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105507. Strand M, Rivers N, Baasch R, Snow B. (2022). "Developing arts-based participatory research for more inclusive knowledge co-production in Algoa Bay." Current Research in Environmental Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsust.2022.100178. International recognition/endorsement: Endorsement of One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4 as the Ocean Decade Action in 2022 by the Secretariat of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. See the announcement here: https://oceandecade.org/actions/one-ocean-hub-research-programme-4/ and the endorsement letter from IOC UNESCO here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/b6gl0n9dtkeg39k7cabtdvgp26. One Ocean Hub has been invited by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO to be the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development Implementing Partner on transdisciplinary in November 2021. To see the evidence of the co-development of the Implementing Partner proposal between the Hub and IOC UNESCO from November 2021 until December 2022 see email exchanges here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/njo8s3g69bb7f9as935jb0a8do Report: Sink K, McQuaid K, Atkinson L, Palmer R, Van der Heever G, Majied P, Loyiso D, Currie J, Adams R, Wahome M, Howell K, Paterson A. (2022). "Challenges and Solutions to develop capacity for Deep-sea Research and Management in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/. Policy brief: One Ocean Hub Policy Brief: "How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development." (2021). Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/. Blogposts: Febrica S. (2021). "Bringing transdiciplinarity in science-policy interface for ocean sustainability". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/bringing-transdiciplinarity-in-science-policy-interface-for-ocean-sustainability/. James A. (2021). "Reflections on engaged, transdisciplinary creative research practice." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflections-on-engaged-transdisciplinary-creative-research-practice/. McDonald L. (2021). "Artfully Sustaining the Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ Wahome, Hills and Morgera. (2021). "Towards transdisciplinarity - which route to take?". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take/ Wahome, Hills and Morgera. (2021). "Towards transdisciplinarity - which route to take? Part II." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take-part-ii/. Wynberg R, Dorrington R, Upton M, and Sink K. (2020). "Biodiscovery: Exploring the Science-Policy Interface in the One Ocean Hub". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/biodiscovery-exploring-the-science-policy-interface-in-the-one-ocean-hub/. Maharaj P and Hills J. (2021). "The development of a transdiciplinary framewrok for sustainable and integrated ocean development in the Pacific." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-development-of-a-transdisciplinary-framework-for-sustainable-and-integrated-ocean-development-in-the-pacific/. Lavelle J. (2021). "Towards a community of practice for equitable and sustainable marine biodiversity in South Africa. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-a-community-of-practice-for-equitable-and-sustainable-marine-biodiscovery-in-south-africa/. Febrica S. (2021). "Considering the Ocean and Transdiciplinary Research in the UK's International Development Strategy." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/considering-the-ocean-and-transdisciplinary-research-in-the-uks-international-development-strategy/. McDonald L. (2021). "Surfacing emotional connections with the sea: DEEP Fund Projects update." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/surfacing-emotional-connections-with-the-sea-deep-fund-projects-update/. Lavelle J. (2021) "New study on inclusive and equitable research and innovation in marine biodiscovery." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-study-on-inclusive-and-equitable-research-and-innovation-in-marine-biodiscovery/. One Ocean Hub (2024), WE LAUNCHED OUR UN DECADE IMPLEMENTING PARTNER PROGRAM 'TRANSDISCIPLINARY TOOLBOX FOR TRANSFORMATIVE OCEAN GOVERNANCE' AT THE UN OCEAN DECADE CONFERENCE IN APRIL 2024, https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-launched-its-un-decade-implementing-partner-program-transdisciplinary-toolbox-for-transformative-ocean-governance-at-the-un-ocean-decade-conference/ One Ocean Hub (2024), REFRAMING OCEAN LITERACY UNDER THE UN OCEAN SCIENCE DECADE, https://oneoceanhub.org/reframing-the-un-ocean-science-decades-challenge-on-humanitys-relationship-with-the-ocean/ One Ocean Hub (2024), HIGHLIGHTS AND CHALLENGES OF THE OCEAN DECADE CONFERENCE 2024 - THE BIGGEST OCEAN GATHERING OF THE YEAR, https://oneoceanhub.org/highlights-and-challenges-of-the-ocean-decade-conference-2024-the-biggest-ocean-gathering-of-the-year/ Events: UN Ocean Decade Conference (Barcelona) 9-12 April 2024 • The Hub organised a 2-hour Satellite Event (9th April, tbc) to launch its Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance that the Hub is developing as the Decade Implementing Partner. • Alongside this event, Hub researchers from the University of Plymouth delivered another Satellite Event, as a member project of Challenger 150. • In addition to the Satellite Events, Hub early-career researcher Nina Rivers (University of Strathclyde/Nelson Mandela University) presented a poster entitled 'Weaving it all together: Inter and transdisciplinary co-design of ocean science for a sustainable and equitable future - a case study from Ghana'.
Start Year 2021
 
Description Contributing to the UN Decade for Ocean Science 
Organisation University of California, San Diego (UCSD)
Department Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Country United States 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The One Ocean Hub adopts inter- and transdisciplinarity, working across disciplines including marine science, law, anthropology, sociology, history, and arts, as well as with diverse knowledge holders (see https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take/). From the outset, the Hub has organized events to share iterative learning on its inter- and transdisciplinary practices, including events for the World Oceans Week (https://oneoceanhub.org/un-world-oceans-day/) and the UN Nippon Fellow Alumni capacity-building programme (https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=acRnJj4ckas&t=20s) in 2020. The Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow, UK in November 2021 provided another opportunity for the Hub to showcase the values and contributions of the Hub transdisciplinary research in developing climate change adaptation and mitigation measures to international partners and other stakeholders, including the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO that also acts as the Secretariat of the United Nations Decade of Science for Sustainable Development. This paved the way for closer collaboration between the Hub and IOC UNESCO/Ocean Decade on transdisciplinary research. Climate change is driving rapid and vast changes to the ocean and consequently the ways that people relate to it. Adaptation to these changes will be essential to maintain the services and values that it provides. Given the complexity of challenges posed by climate change multi-disciplinarity and science/policy engagement are key to build suitable adaptation and mitigation. There is a pressing need to integrate both different knowledge system, including traditional knowledge in ocean research and to work with varied and relevant stakeholders including traditional knowledge holder. This is a key understanding to ocean-climate solution shared by the Hub and IOC-UNESCO/UN Ocean Decade. In June 2022, the IOC-UNESCO endorsed the Hub "Research Programme 4" as a project forming part of the UN Decade; and in November 2021, the IOC-UNESCO invited the Hub to apply as an "Implementing Partner" of the Decade and co-develop a programme on transdiciplinarity. In October 2023 the IOC-UNESCO also endorsed the One Ocean Hub as Decade Implementation Partner focusing specifically on Challenge 10 but also addressing others that include Challenge 3, 4 and 5. As part of its role under this endorsement, the Hub will develop the Transdisciplinary Toolbox of Ocean Knowledge Co-Production for Transformative Governance - supporting just, inclusive sustainable ocean governance and exploring its transferability to other Decade's projects and activities, the Hub will also respond to other Decade challenges - particularly Challenges 3, 4, and 5. In addition, the Transdisciplinary Toolbox promotes embedding of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, multiple SDGs and the new Agreement on Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction, by integrating the ecosystem approach and the human rights-based approach in ocean research and governance. The Hub presented components of the Transdisciplinary Toolbox at the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona in April 2024 in a satellite event organized by the Hub through a partnership with University of Cardiff,. The Challenges that the Transdisciplinary Toolbox addresses are detailed as follows: Challenge 10: Ensure that the multiple values and services of the ocean for human wellbeing, culture, and sustainable development are widely understood, and identify and overcome barriers to behaviour change required for a step change in humanity's relationship with the ocean. Challenge 3: Generate knowledge, support innovation, and develop solutions to optimise the role of the ocean in sustainably feeding the world's population under changing environmental, social and climate conditions. Challenge 4: Generate knowledge, support innovation, and develop solutions for equitable and sustainable development of the ocean economy under changing environmental, social and climate conditions. Challenge 5: Enhance understanding of the ocean-climate nexus and generate knowledge and solutions to mitigate, adapt and build resilience to the effects of climate change across all geographies and at all scales, and to improve services including predictions for the ocean, climate and weather. In April 2024, Hub researcher and Empatheatre co-founder Dylan McGarry contributed to the Ocean Literacy Dialogue and the UN Ocean Decade Conference, with a particular emphasis on the need to shift attention from 'ocean literacy' to 'ocean fluency'. He was then invited to contribute to the re-framing of Challenge 10 of the UN Decade for Ocean Science on 'Changing humanity's relationship with the ocean'. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia; Rhodes University, South Africa). • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; University of Plymouth, UK • partner organisations based in the Global North: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, France; Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Italy; Convention on Biological Diversity, Canada The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Research organisations based in the Global North: University of California, San Diego (UCSD), US; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, US • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Global Ocean Forum, US; UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, Germany; International Maritime Organization, UK; Coordinator of the Group of Experts of the UN Regular Process - World Ocean Assessment, US.
Collaborator Contribution The United Nations proclaimed the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) to support efforts to reverse the cycle of decline in ocean health and gather ocean stakeholders worldwide behind a common framework that will ensure ocean science can fully support countries in creating improved conditions for sustainable development of the Ocean. The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO serves as the main coordinator of the Ocean Decade. The Hub collaboration with the (IOC) of UNESCO started during Climate COP26 in November 2021. The Hub led the co-organisation of High-Level Event for COP26 Virtual Ocean Pavilion. The Virtual Ocean Pavilion is an online platform dedicated to raising the visibility of the ocean and showcasing why the ocean matters in climate negotiations and to all life on our planet. It aims to increase knowledge, commitment and action for the ocean-climate nexus during and at key events in the run up to and during the UN Climate Change Conference (COP). The Pavilion is coordinated by Global Ocean Forum in collaboration with various partners such as the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the UNESCO, the Plymouth Marine Laboratory, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to mention a few. The Hub has been a co-organiser of the Virtual Ocean Pavilion from 2021 until now. On 1st November 2021, the One Ocean Hub co-organised a roundtable titled 'Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) Ocean and Climate Change Dialogue Theme: Strengthening cooperation and collaboration among relevant UN bodies in tackling ocean and climate change' for the COP26 Virtual Ocean Pavilion to bring together UN bodies and researchers from different disciplines on the ocean-climate nexus. The roundtable explored the need for joint interventions by the UN System and global organisations to build ocean resilience in the face of climate change, using sustainable and inclusive mitigation and adaptation strategies. The event was chaired by Mr Eden Charles, Lecturer at the Faculty of Law, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago and Chairperson of the Advisory Board of One Ocean Hub. It brought together high-level representatives from different UN bodies including the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, IOC-UNESCO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, International Maritime Organization, Coordinator of the Group of Experts of the UN Regular Process - World Ocean Assessment, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, and Hub researchers, Dr Bernadette Snow (University of Strathclyde, UK) and Dr Sian Rees (University of Plymouth, UK). This event enabled the Hub to share progress and lessons learnt in transdisciplinary ocean research with a view to supporting science-policy interfaces that integrate different stakeholders and human rights-holders, as well as experts from marine sciences and social sciences, law, humanities and arts and shared key learnings with the IOC UNESCO who also serves as the Secretariat of the UN Decade for Ocean Science. The Hub key learnings shared during the event are listed in our policy brief titled "How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development" that is available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/. In June 2022, the IOC UNESCO informed the Hub of their endorsement of One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4" as a project forming part of the UN Decade due to the Hub's engagement and commitment to the Ocean Decade vision of "the science we need for the ocean we want" (see the announcement here: https://oceandecade.org/actions/one-ocean-hub-research-programme-4/ and the endorsement letter from IOC UNESCO here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/b6gl0n9dtkeg39k7cabtdvgp26). Research Programme 4 focuses on capacity building for deep-sea science in the South-East Atlantic to advance understanding of offshore marine biodiversity through new deep-water surveys in one of the world's most poorly known ecosystems. It aims to develop new methods to predict the distribution of species and habitats and of multiple threats to stimulate various management scenarios. Within the structure set out in the Ocean Decade Implementation Plan, individual projects are typically attached to endorsed Decade Programmes. One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4 is attached to Decade Programme "Challenger 150 - A Decade to Study Deep-Sea Life". Challenger 150 is a global cooperative aims 'to advance understanding of the diversity, distribution, function and services provided by deep-ocean biota; and to use this new knowledge to educate, inspire, and promote better management and sustainable use of the deep ocean' (https://challenger150.world/). As part of the Ocean Decade the IOC UNESCO facilitates the effort of the ocean community in responding to the pressing need for adaptation strategies and science-policy responses to address problems affecting the ocean and peoples most dependent on it. To do so, the UN Ocean Decade endorses so-called Implementing Partners. Implementing Partners are selected stakeholder institutions, networks or groups that are committed to the vision and mission of the Decade, and that are making significant and sustained efforts to support the Decade through the implementation of specific tasks (see http://bit.ly/3l7GAwk). In November 2021, the IOC UNESCO invited the Hub to become an Ocean Decade Implementing Partner and to co-develop an Implementing Partner proposal focused on transdiciplinarity (see: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/njo8s3g69bb7f9as935jb0a8do). As a Decade Implementing Partner on transdiciplinarity, the Hub will facilitate and coordinate national, regional and international contributions including workshop, event, exhibit, conference, and publications that contribute to Ocean Decade's commitment to co-designing research and solutions that is critical for revolutionizing ocean science and transforming ocean governance. The Hub is expecting to receive formal endorsement as the Decade Implementing Partner from the IOC UNESCO before mid 2023. Within the first three months of its mandate as a Decade Implementing Partner, the Hub has envisaged and prepared three events for the UN Ocean Decade Conference and has committed to deliver a talk and take part in the UK National UN Decade Committee meeting taking place 5-6 March at the Edinburgh Napier University, where Hub Deputy Director, Philile Mbatha will present. The events are designed to disseminate the finds in the field of transdisciplinary methods through its program Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance, as well as in the field of deep-sea research (Hub research program 4 - RP4), as part of its Decade Action mandate in relation to the Decade's Challenger 150 research program. In its capacity of Decade Implementing Partner (Transdisciplinary Toolbox), the Hub will deliver two knowledge sharing events within the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona in April 2024. On 9 April, the Hub will deliver a Satellite event entitled Introducing Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance. The satellite event "Introducing Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance" will be a three-tiered event consisting of a panel on the Hub's Ocean Knowledge Integration; a live performance and conversation on the Hub's art-based ocean research; and a dialogue forum on transformative ocean governance methods with the Marine Social Sciences Network and the University of Cardiff. Hub researchers Elisa Morgera, Nina Rivers, Milica Prokic (University of Strathclyde, UK), Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Elsemi Olwage (University of Namibia, Namibia), Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, South Africa), and Mpume Mthombeni will be delivering this event's program. The satellite event regarding the Challenger 150 program will be delivered by Hub's researchers from the University of Plymouth will be delivering another satellite event, as a member project of Challenger 150. Programme. The Hub's work represented in this capacity will be Plymouth's deep-sea research. In addition to this, Nina Rivers will present a poster entitled 'Weaving it all together: Inter and transdisciplinary co-design of ocean science for a sustainable and equitable future- a case study from Ghana'. The presentation will take place between 10 and 12 April 2024, within the regular program of the Conference. The UN Ocean Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development's "Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance" is developed based on Hub's research, experience and practices. As part of the Hub's role as a Decade Implementation Partnership endorsed in October 2023, the proposed transdisciplinary toolbox for ocean knowledge co-production supporting just, inclusive, and sustainable ocean governance represents the Hub's original product, envisaged as a program applicable at the international level as well as to a variety of geographical contexts. The Toolbox is envisaged adaptable and applicable to the programs of various and diverse Decade's partners through guidance of how to make the best use of the programme. It will also benefit the programs focusing on sustainable development beyond the ocean context. Responding to Challenge 10 (to 'ensure that the multiple values and services of the ocean for human wellbeing, culture, and sustainable development are widely understood, and identify and overcome barriers to behaviour change required for a step change in humanity's relationship with the ocean'), the Toolbox takes a comprehensive and innovative approach to transdisciplinary knowledge, methodologies, and research findings. It builds on the Hub's expertise in integrated approaches to the implementation of human rights, environmental law and the law of the sea, on the basis of aligned evidence from the marine and social sciences and the arts. It draws from the comprehensive and still evolving array of innovative research methodologies, activities and findings co-developed by the Hub and discussed with various partners (including international NGOs and various bodies of the UN System). This collaboration also promotes gender equality. 85 per cent of Hub researchers who will be attending and presenting at Decade Conference in April 2024 are women. Hub's contributions to the Conference that is expected to be the largest gathering for the global ocean community in 2024 will also explore the varying the conditions of success for the Ocean Decade including inclusivity, equity and diversity across gender, generations and geographies. Hub's participation at the Decade Conference will also enable the Hub to share lessons learned and best practices on the importance of research co-development for sustainable development to Heads of State, leaders of UN agencies, industry and philanthropic leaders who will be present at the Conference.
Impact Peer-reviewed articles: M Lombard et al, 'Principles for Transformative Ocean Governance' (2023) Nature Sustainability https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-023-01210-9 Narayanaswamy B et al (2020). A blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea ocean decade field program. Frontiers in Marine Science https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861. Howell K et al. (2021). "A decade to study deep-sea life." Frontiers in Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01352-5. Howell K et al. (2021). "A Blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea Ocean Decade Field Program." Frontiers in Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861. McQuaid et.al. (2022). "Capacity development in the Ocean Decade and beyond: Key questions about meanings, motivations, pathways, and measurements" Earth System Governance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2022.100138. Jacob C, Diederichsen SD, Fullbrook L, Lombard AT, Rees SE, Rivers N, Snow B, Strand M, Zuercher R, Niner HJ. (2023). "A two-way process - Social capacity as a driver and outcome of equitable marine spatial planning." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105507. Strand M, Rivers N, Baasch R, Snow B. (2022). "Developing arts-based participatory research for more inclusive knowledge co-production in Algoa Bay." Current Research in Environmental Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsust.2022.100178. International recognition/endorsement: Endorsement of One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4 as the Ocean Decade Action in 2022 by the Secretariat of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. See the announcement here: https://oceandecade.org/actions/one-ocean-hub-research-programme-4/ and the endorsement letter from IOC UNESCO here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/b6gl0n9dtkeg39k7cabtdvgp26. One Ocean Hub has been invited by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO to be the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development Implementing Partner on transdisciplinary in November 2021. To see the evidence of the co-development of the Implementing Partner proposal between the Hub and IOC UNESCO from November 2021 until December 2022 see email exchanges here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/njo8s3g69bb7f9as935jb0a8do Report: Sink K, McQuaid K, Atkinson L, Palmer R, Van der Heever G, Majied P, Loyiso D, Currie J, Adams R, Wahome M, Howell K, Paterson A. (2022). "Challenges and Solutions to develop capacity for Deep-sea Research and Management in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/. Policy brief: One Ocean Hub Policy Brief: "How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development." (2021). Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/. Blogposts: Febrica S. (2021). "Bringing transdiciplinarity in science-policy interface for ocean sustainability". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/bringing-transdiciplinarity-in-science-policy-interface-for-ocean-sustainability/. James A. (2021). "Reflections on engaged, transdisciplinary creative research practice." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflections-on-engaged-transdisciplinary-creative-research-practice/. McDonald L. (2021). "Artfully Sustaining the Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ Wahome, Hills and Morgera. (2021). "Towards transdisciplinarity - which route to take?". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take/ Wahome, Hills and Morgera. (2021). "Towards transdisciplinarity - which route to take? Part II." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take-part-ii/. Wynberg R, Dorrington R, Upton M, and Sink K. (2020). "Biodiscovery: Exploring the Science-Policy Interface in the One Ocean Hub". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/biodiscovery-exploring-the-science-policy-interface-in-the-one-ocean-hub/. Maharaj P and Hills J. (2021). "The development of a transdiciplinary framewrok for sustainable and integrated ocean development in the Pacific." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-development-of-a-transdisciplinary-framework-for-sustainable-and-integrated-ocean-development-in-the-pacific/. Lavelle J. (2021). "Towards a community of practice for equitable and sustainable marine biodiversity in South Africa. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-a-community-of-practice-for-equitable-and-sustainable-marine-biodiscovery-in-south-africa/. Febrica S. (2021). "Considering the Ocean and Transdiciplinary Research in the UK's International Development Strategy." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/considering-the-ocean-and-transdisciplinary-research-in-the-uks-international-development-strategy/. McDonald L. (2021). "Surfacing emotional connections with the sea: DEEP Fund Projects update." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/surfacing-emotional-connections-with-the-sea-deep-fund-projects-update/. Lavelle J. (2021) "New study on inclusive and equitable research and innovation in marine biodiscovery." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-study-on-inclusive-and-equitable-research-and-innovation-in-marine-biodiscovery/. One Ocean Hub (2024), WE LAUNCHED OUR UN DECADE IMPLEMENTING PARTNER PROGRAM 'TRANSDISCIPLINARY TOOLBOX FOR TRANSFORMATIVE OCEAN GOVERNANCE' AT THE UN OCEAN DECADE CONFERENCE IN APRIL 2024, https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-launched-its-un-decade-implementing-partner-program-transdisciplinary-toolbox-for-transformative-ocean-governance-at-the-un-ocean-decade-conference/ One Ocean Hub (2024), REFRAMING OCEAN LITERACY UNDER THE UN OCEAN SCIENCE DECADE, https://oneoceanhub.org/reframing-the-un-ocean-science-decades-challenge-on-humanitys-relationship-with-the-ocean/ One Ocean Hub (2024), HIGHLIGHTS AND CHALLENGES OF THE OCEAN DECADE CONFERENCE 2024 - THE BIGGEST OCEAN GATHERING OF THE YEAR, https://oneoceanhub.org/highlights-and-challenges-of-the-ocean-decade-conference-2024-the-biggest-ocean-gathering-of-the-year/ Events: UN Ocean Decade Conference (Barcelona) 9-12 April 2024 • The Hub organised a 2-hour Satellite Event (9th April, tbc) to launch its Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance that the Hub is developing as the Decade Implementing Partner. • Alongside this event, Hub researchers from the University of Plymouth delivered another Satellite Event, as a member project of Challenger 150. • In addition to the Satellite Events, Hub early-career researcher Nina Rivers (University of Strathclyde/Nelson Mandela University) presented a poster entitled 'Weaving it all together: Inter and transdisciplinary co-design of ocean science for a sustainable and equitable future - a case study from Ghana'.
Start Year 2021
 
Description Contributing to the UN Decade for Ocean Science 
Organisation University of Cape Coast
Country Ghana 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The One Ocean Hub adopts inter- and transdisciplinarity, working across disciplines including marine science, law, anthropology, sociology, history, and arts, as well as with diverse knowledge holders (see https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take/). From the outset, the Hub has organized events to share iterative learning on its inter- and transdisciplinary practices, including events for the World Oceans Week (https://oneoceanhub.org/un-world-oceans-day/) and the UN Nippon Fellow Alumni capacity-building programme (https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=acRnJj4ckas&t=20s) in 2020. The Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow, UK in November 2021 provided another opportunity for the Hub to showcase the values and contributions of the Hub transdisciplinary research in developing climate change adaptation and mitigation measures to international partners and other stakeholders, including the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO that also acts as the Secretariat of the United Nations Decade of Science for Sustainable Development. This paved the way for closer collaboration between the Hub and IOC UNESCO/Ocean Decade on transdisciplinary research. Climate change is driving rapid and vast changes to the ocean and consequently the ways that people relate to it. Adaptation to these changes will be essential to maintain the services and values that it provides. Given the complexity of challenges posed by climate change multi-disciplinarity and science/policy engagement are key to build suitable adaptation and mitigation. There is a pressing need to integrate both different knowledge system, including traditional knowledge in ocean research and to work with varied and relevant stakeholders including traditional knowledge holder. This is a key understanding to ocean-climate solution shared by the Hub and IOC-UNESCO/UN Ocean Decade. In June 2022, the IOC-UNESCO endorsed the Hub "Research Programme 4" as a project forming part of the UN Decade; and in November 2021, the IOC-UNESCO invited the Hub to apply as an "Implementing Partner" of the Decade and co-develop a programme on transdiciplinarity. In October 2023 the IOC-UNESCO also endorsed the One Ocean Hub as Decade Implementation Partner focusing specifically on Challenge 10 but also addressing others that include Challenge 3, 4 and 5. As part of its role under this endorsement, the Hub will develop the Transdisciplinary Toolbox of Ocean Knowledge Co-Production for Transformative Governance - supporting just, inclusive sustainable ocean governance and exploring its transferability to other Decade's projects and activities, the Hub will also respond to other Decade challenges - particularly Challenges 3, 4, and 5. In addition, the Transdisciplinary Toolbox promotes embedding of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, multiple SDGs and the new Agreement on Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction, by integrating the ecosystem approach and the human rights-based approach in ocean research and governance. The Hub presented components of the Transdisciplinary Toolbox at the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona in April 2024 in a satellite event organized by the Hub through a partnership with University of Cardiff,. The Challenges that the Transdisciplinary Toolbox addresses are detailed as follows: Challenge 10: Ensure that the multiple values and services of the ocean for human wellbeing, culture, and sustainable development are widely understood, and identify and overcome barriers to behaviour change required for a step change in humanity's relationship with the ocean. Challenge 3: Generate knowledge, support innovation, and develop solutions to optimise the role of the ocean in sustainably feeding the world's population under changing environmental, social and climate conditions. Challenge 4: Generate knowledge, support innovation, and develop solutions for equitable and sustainable development of the ocean economy under changing environmental, social and climate conditions. Challenge 5: Enhance understanding of the ocean-climate nexus and generate knowledge and solutions to mitigate, adapt and build resilience to the effects of climate change across all geographies and at all scales, and to improve services including predictions for the ocean, climate and weather. In April 2024, Hub researcher and Empatheatre co-founder Dylan McGarry contributed to the Ocean Literacy Dialogue and the UN Ocean Decade Conference, with a particular emphasis on the need to shift attention from 'ocean literacy' to 'ocean fluency'. He was then invited to contribute to the re-framing of Challenge 10 of the UN Decade for Ocean Science on 'Changing humanity's relationship with the ocean'. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia; Rhodes University, South Africa). • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; University of Plymouth, UK • partner organisations based in the Global North: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, France; Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Italy; Convention on Biological Diversity, Canada The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Research organisations based in the Global North: University of California, San Diego (UCSD), US; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, US • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Global Ocean Forum, US; UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, Germany; International Maritime Organization, UK; Coordinator of the Group of Experts of the UN Regular Process - World Ocean Assessment, US.
Collaborator Contribution The United Nations proclaimed the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) to support efforts to reverse the cycle of decline in ocean health and gather ocean stakeholders worldwide behind a common framework that will ensure ocean science can fully support countries in creating improved conditions for sustainable development of the Ocean. The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO serves as the main coordinator of the Ocean Decade. The Hub collaboration with the (IOC) of UNESCO started during Climate COP26 in November 2021. The Hub led the co-organisation of High-Level Event for COP26 Virtual Ocean Pavilion. The Virtual Ocean Pavilion is an online platform dedicated to raising the visibility of the ocean and showcasing why the ocean matters in climate negotiations and to all life on our planet. It aims to increase knowledge, commitment and action for the ocean-climate nexus during and at key events in the run up to and during the UN Climate Change Conference (COP). The Pavilion is coordinated by Global Ocean Forum in collaboration with various partners such as the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the UNESCO, the Plymouth Marine Laboratory, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to mention a few. The Hub has been a co-organiser of the Virtual Ocean Pavilion from 2021 until now. On 1st November 2021, the One Ocean Hub co-organised a roundtable titled 'Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) Ocean and Climate Change Dialogue Theme: Strengthening cooperation and collaboration among relevant UN bodies in tackling ocean and climate change' for the COP26 Virtual Ocean Pavilion to bring together UN bodies and researchers from different disciplines on the ocean-climate nexus. The roundtable explored the need for joint interventions by the UN System and global organisations to build ocean resilience in the face of climate change, using sustainable and inclusive mitigation and adaptation strategies. The event was chaired by Mr Eden Charles, Lecturer at the Faculty of Law, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago and Chairperson of the Advisory Board of One Ocean Hub. It brought together high-level representatives from different UN bodies including the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, IOC-UNESCO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, International Maritime Organization, Coordinator of the Group of Experts of the UN Regular Process - World Ocean Assessment, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, and Hub researchers, Dr Bernadette Snow (University of Strathclyde, UK) and Dr Sian Rees (University of Plymouth, UK). This event enabled the Hub to share progress and lessons learnt in transdisciplinary ocean research with a view to supporting science-policy interfaces that integrate different stakeholders and human rights-holders, as well as experts from marine sciences and social sciences, law, humanities and arts and shared key learnings with the IOC UNESCO who also serves as the Secretariat of the UN Decade for Ocean Science. The Hub key learnings shared during the event are listed in our policy brief titled "How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development" that is available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/. In June 2022, the IOC UNESCO informed the Hub of their endorsement of One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4" as a project forming part of the UN Decade due to the Hub's engagement and commitment to the Ocean Decade vision of "the science we need for the ocean we want" (see the announcement here: https://oceandecade.org/actions/one-ocean-hub-research-programme-4/ and the endorsement letter from IOC UNESCO here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/b6gl0n9dtkeg39k7cabtdvgp26). Research Programme 4 focuses on capacity building for deep-sea science in the South-East Atlantic to advance understanding of offshore marine biodiversity through new deep-water surveys in one of the world's most poorly known ecosystems. It aims to develop new methods to predict the distribution of species and habitats and of multiple threats to stimulate various management scenarios. Within the structure set out in the Ocean Decade Implementation Plan, individual projects are typically attached to endorsed Decade Programmes. One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4 is attached to Decade Programme "Challenger 150 - A Decade to Study Deep-Sea Life". Challenger 150 is a global cooperative aims 'to advance understanding of the diversity, distribution, function and services provided by deep-ocean biota; and to use this new knowledge to educate, inspire, and promote better management and sustainable use of the deep ocean' (https://challenger150.world/). As part of the Ocean Decade the IOC UNESCO facilitates the effort of the ocean community in responding to the pressing need for adaptation strategies and science-policy responses to address problems affecting the ocean and peoples most dependent on it. To do so, the UN Ocean Decade endorses so-called Implementing Partners. Implementing Partners are selected stakeholder institutions, networks or groups that are committed to the vision and mission of the Decade, and that are making significant and sustained efforts to support the Decade through the implementation of specific tasks (see http://bit.ly/3l7GAwk). In November 2021, the IOC UNESCO invited the Hub to become an Ocean Decade Implementing Partner and to co-develop an Implementing Partner proposal focused on transdiciplinarity (see: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/njo8s3g69bb7f9as935jb0a8do). As a Decade Implementing Partner on transdiciplinarity, the Hub will facilitate and coordinate national, regional and international contributions including workshop, event, exhibit, conference, and publications that contribute to Ocean Decade's commitment to co-designing research and solutions that is critical for revolutionizing ocean science and transforming ocean governance. The Hub is expecting to receive formal endorsement as the Decade Implementing Partner from the IOC UNESCO before mid 2023. Within the first three months of its mandate as a Decade Implementing Partner, the Hub has envisaged and prepared three events for the UN Ocean Decade Conference and has committed to deliver a talk and take part in the UK National UN Decade Committee meeting taking place 5-6 March at the Edinburgh Napier University, where Hub Deputy Director, Philile Mbatha will present. The events are designed to disseminate the finds in the field of transdisciplinary methods through its program Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance, as well as in the field of deep-sea research (Hub research program 4 - RP4), as part of its Decade Action mandate in relation to the Decade's Challenger 150 research program. In its capacity of Decade Implementing Partner (Transdisciplinary Toolbox), the Hub will deliver two knowledge sharing events within the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona in April 2024. On 9 April, the Hub will deliver a Satellite event entitled Introducing Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance. The satellite event "Introducing Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance" will be a three-tiered event consisting of a panel on the Hub's Ocean Knowledge Integration; a live performance and conversation on the Hub's art-based ocean research; and a dialogue forum on transformative ocean governance methods with the Marine Social Sciences Network and the University of Cardiff. Hub researchers Elisa Morgera, Nina Rivers, Milica Prokic (University of Strathclyde, UK), Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Elsemi Olwage (University of Namibia, Namibia), Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, South Africa), and Mpume Mthombeni will be delivering this event's program. The satellite event regarding the Challenger 150 program will be delivered by Hub's researchers from the University of Plymouth will be delivering another satellite event, as a member project of Challenger 150. Programme. The Hub's work represented in this capacity will be Plymouth's deep-sea research. In addition to this, Nina Rivers will present a poster entitled 'Weaving it all together: Inter and transdisciplinary co-design of ocean science for a sustainable and equitable future- a case study from Ghana'. The presentation will take place between 10 and 12 April 2024, within the regular program of the Conference. The UN Ocean Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development's "Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance" is developed based on Hub's research, experience and practices. As part of the Hub's role as a Decade Implementation Partnership endorsed in October 2023, the proposed transdisciplinary toolbox for ocean knowledge co-production supporting just, inclusive, and sustainable ocean governance represents the Hub's original product, envisaged as a program applicable at the international level as well as to a variety of geographical contexts. The Toolbox is envisaged adaptable and applicable to the programs of various and diverse Decade's partners through guidance of how to make the best use of the programme. It will also benefit the programs focusing on sustainable development beyond the ocean context. Responding to Challenge 10 (to 'ensure that the multiple values and services of the ocean for human wellbeing, culture, and sustainable development are widely understood, and identify and overcome barriers to behaviour change required for a step change in humanity's relationship with the ocean'), the Toolbox takes a comprehensive and innovative approach to transdisciplinary knowledge, methodologies, and research findings. It builds on the Hub's expertise in integrated approaches to the implementation of human rights, environmental law and the law of the sea, on the basis of aligned evidence from the marine and social sciences and the arts. It draws from the comprehensive and still evolving array of innovative research methodologies, activities and findings co-developed by the Hub and discussed with various partners (including international NGOs and various bodies of the UN System). This collaboration also promotes gender equality. 85 per cent of Hub researchers who will be attending and presenting at Decade Conference in April 2024 are women. Hub's contributions to the Conference that is expected to be the largest gathering for the global ocean community in 2024 will also explore the varying the conditions of success for the Ocean Decade including inclusivity, equity and diversity across gender, generations and geographies. Hub's participation at the Decade Conference will also enable the Hub to share lessons learned and best practices on the importance of research co-development for sustainable development to Heads of State, leaders of UN agencies, industry and philanthropic leaders who will be present at the Conference.
Impact Peer-reviewed articles: M Lombard et al, 'Principles for Transformative Ocean Governance' (2023) Nature Sustainability https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-023-01210-9 Narayanaswamy B et al (2020). A blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea ocean decade field program. Frontiers in Marine Science https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861. Howell K et al. (2021). "A decade to study deep-sea life." Frontiers in Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01352-5. Howell K et al. (2021). "A Blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea Ocean Decade Field Program." Frontiers in Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861. McQuaid et.al. (2022). "Capacity development in the Ocean Decade and beyond: Key questions about meanings, motivations, pathways, and measurements" Earth System Governance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2022.100138. Jacob C, Diederichsen SD, Fullbrook L, Lombard AT, Rees SE, Rivers N, Snow B, Strand M, Zuercher R, Niner HJ. (2023). "A two-way process - Social capacity as a driver and outcome of equitable marine spatial planning." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105507. Strand M, Rivers N, Baasch R, Snow B. (2022). "Developing arts-based participatory research for more inclusive knowledge co-production in Algoa Bay." Current Research in Environmental Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsust.2022.100178. International recognition/endorsement: Endorsement of One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4 as the Ocean Decade Action in 2022 by the Secretariat of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. See the announcement here: https://oceandecade.org/actions/one-ocean-hub-research-programme-4/ and the endorsement letter from IOC UNESCO here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/b6gl0n9dtkeg39k7cabtdvgp26. One Ocean Hub has been invited by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO to be the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development Implementing Partner on transdisciplinary in November 2021. To see the evidence of the co-development of the Implementing Partner proposal between the Hub and IOC UNESCO from November 2021 until December 2022 see email exchanges here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/njo8s3g69bb7f9as935jb0a8do Report: Sink K, McQuaid K, Atkinson L, Palmer R, Van der Heever G, Majied P, Loyiso D, Currie J, Adams R, Wahome M, Howell K, Paterson A. (2022). "Challenges and Solutions to develop capacity for Deep-sea Research and Management in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/. Policy brief: One Ocean Hub Policy Brief: "How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development." (2021). Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/. Blogposts: Febrica S. (2021). "Bringing transdiciplinarity in science-policy interface for ocean sustainability". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/bringing-transdiciplinarity-in-science-policy-interface-for-ocean-sustainability/. James A. (2021). "Reflections on engaged, transdisciplinary creative research practice." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflections-on-engaged-transdisciplinary-creative-research-practice/. McDonald L. (2021). "Artfully Sustaining the Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ Wahome, Hills and Morgera. (2021). "Towards transdisciplinarity - which route to take?". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take/ Wahome, Hills and Morgera. (2021). "Towards transdisciplinarity - which route to take? Part II." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take-part-ii/. Wynberg R, Dorrington R, Upton M, and Sink K. (2020). "Biodiscovery: Exploring the Science-Policy Interface in the One Ocean Hub". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/biodiscovery-exploring-the-science-policy-interface-in-the-one-ocean-hub/. Maharaj P and Hills J. (2021). "The development of a transdiciplinary framewrok for sustainable and integrated ocean development in the Pacific." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-development-of-a-transdisciplinary-framework-for-sustainable-and-integrated-ocean-development-in-the-pacific/. Lavelle J. (2021). "Towards a community of practice for equitable and sustainable marine biodiversity in South Africa. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-a-community-of-practice-for-equitable-and-sustainable-marine-biodiscovery-in-south-africa/. Febrica S. (2021). "Considering the Ocean and Transdiciplinary Research in the UK's International Development Strategy." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/considering-the-ocean-and-transdisciplinary-research-in-the-uks-international-development-strategy/. McDonald L. (2021). "Surfacing emotional connections with the sea: DEEP Fund Projects update." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/surfacing-emotional-connections-with-the-sea-deep-fund-projects-update/. Lavelle J. (2021) "New study on inclusive and equitable research and innovation in marine biodiscovery." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-study-on-inclusive-and-equitable-research-and-innovation-in-marine-biodiscovery/. One Ocean Hub (2024), WE LAUNCHED OUR UN DECADE IMPLEMENTING PARTNER PROGRAM 'TRANSDISCIPLINARY TOOLBOX FOR TRANSFORMATIVE OCEAN GOVERNANCE' AT THE UN OCEAN DECADE CONFERENCE IN APRIL 2024, https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-launched-its-un-decade-implementing-partner-program-transdisciplinary-toolbox-for-transformative-ocean-governance-at-the-un-ocean-decade-conference/ One Ocean Hub (2024), REFRAMING OCEAN LITERACY UNDER THE UN OCEAN SCIENCE DECADE, https://oneoceanhub.org/reframing-the-un-ocean-science-decades-challenge-on-humanitys-relationship-with-the-ocean/ One Ocean Hub (2024), HIGHLIGHTS AND CHALLENGES OF THE OCEAN DECADE CONFERENCE 2024 - THE BIGGEST OCEAN GATHERING OF THE YEAR, https://oneoceanhub.org/highlights-and-challenges-of-the-ocean-decade-conference-2024-the-biggest-ocean-gathering-of-the-year/ Events: UN Ocean Decade Conference (Barcelona) 9-12 April 2024 • The Hub organised a 2-hour Satellite Event (9th April, tbc) to launch its Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance that the Hub is developing as the Decade Implementing Partner. • Alongside this event, Hub researchers from the University of Plymouth delivered another Satellite Event, as a member project of Challenger 150. • In addition to the Satellite Events, Hub early-career researcher Nina Rivers (University of Strathclyde/Nelson Mandela University) presented a poster entitled 'Weaving it all together: Inter and transdisciplinary co-design of ocean science for a sustainable and equitable future - a case study from Ghana'.
Start Year 2021
 
Description Contributing to the UN Decade for Ocean Science 
Organisation University of Namibia
Country Namibia 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The One Ocean Hub adopts inter- and transdisciplinarity, working across disciplines including marine science, law, anthropology, sociology, history, and arts, as well as with diverse knowledge holders (see https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take/). From the outset, the Hub has organized events to share iterative learning on its inter- and transdisciplinary practices, including events for the World Oceans Week (https://oneoceanhub.org/un-world-oceans-day/) and the UN Nippon Fellow Alumni capacity-building programme (https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=acRnJj4ckas&t=20s) in 2020. The Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow, UK in November 2021 provided another opportunity for the Hub to showcase the values and contributions of the Hub transdisciplinary research in developing climate change adaptation and mitigation measures to international partners and other stakeholders, including the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO that also acts as the Secretariat of the United Nations Decade of Science for Sustainable Development. This paved the way for closer collaboration between the Hub and IOC UNESCO/Ocean Decade on transdisciplinary research. Climate change is driving rapid and vast changes to the ocean and consequently the ways that people relate to it. Adaptation to these changes will be essential to maintain the services and values that it provides. Given the complexity of challenges posed by climate change multi-disciplinarity and science/policy engagement are key to build suitable adaptation and mitigation. There is a pressing need to integrate both different knowledge system, including traditional knowledge in ocean research and to work with varied and relevant stakeholders including traditional knowledge holder. This is a key understanding to ocean-climate solution shared by the Hub and IOC-UNESCO/UN Ocean Decade. In June 2022, the IOC-UNESCO endorsed the Hub "Research Programme 4" as a project forming part of the UN Decade; and in November 2021, the IOC-UNESCO invited the Hub to apply as an "Implementing Partner" of the Decade and co-develop a programme on transdiciplinarity. In October 2023 the IOC-UNESCO also endorsed the One Ocean Hub as Decade Implementation Partner focusing specifically on Challenge 10 but also addressing others that include Challenge 3, 4 and 5. As part of its role under this endorsement, the Hub will develop the Transdisciplinary Toolbox of Ocean Knowledge Co-Production for Transformative Governance - supporting just, inclusive sustainable ocean governance and exploring its transferability to other Decade's projects and activities, the Hub will also respond to other Decade challenges - particularly Challenges 3, 4, and 5. In addition, the Transdisciplinary Toolbox promotes embedding of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, multiple SDGs and the new Agreement on Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction, by integrating the ecosystem approach and the human rights-based approach in ocean research and governance. The Hub presented components of the Transdisciplinary Toolbox at the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona in April 2024 in a satellite event organized by the Hub through a partnership with University of Cardiff,. The Challenges that the Transdisciplinary Toolbox addresses are detailed as follows: Challenge 10: Ensure that the multiple values and services of the ocean for human wellbeing, culture, and sustainable development are widely understood, and identify and overcome barriers to behaviour change required for a step change in humanity's relationship with the ocean. Challenge 3: Generate knowledge, support innovation, and develop solutions to optimise the role of the ocean in sustainably feeding the world's population under changing environmental, social and climate conditions. Challenge 4: Generate knowledge, support innovation, and develop solutions for equitable and sustainable development of the ocean economy under changing environmental, social and climate conditions. Challenge 5: Enhance understanding of the ocean-climate nexus and generate knowledge and solutions to mitigate, adapt and build resilience to the effects of climate change across all geographies and at all scales, and to improve services including predictions for the ocean, climate and weather. In April 2024, Hub researcher and Empatheatre co-founder Dylan McGarry contributed to the Ocean Literacy Dialogue and the UN Ocean Decade Conference, with a particular emphasis on the need to shift attention from 'ocean literacy' to 'ocean fluency'. He was then invited to contribute to the re-framing of Challenge 10 of the UN Decade for Ocean Science on 'Changing humanity's relationship with the ocean'. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia; Rhodes University, South Africa). • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; University of Plymouth, UK • partner organisations based in the Global North: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, France; Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Italy; Convention on Biological Diversity, Canada The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Research organisations based in the Global North: University of California, San Diego (UCSD), US; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, US • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Global Ocean Forum, US; UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, Germany; International Maritime Organization, UK; Coordinator of the Group of Experts of the UN Regular Process - World Ocean Assessment, US.
Collaborator Contribution The United Nations proclaimed the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) to support efforts to reverse the cycle of decline in ocean health and gather ocean stakeholders worldwide behind a common framework that will ensure ocean science can fully support countries in creating improved conditions for sustainable development of the Ocean. The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO serves as the main coordinator of the Ocean Decade. The Hub collaboration with the (IOC) of UNESCO started during Climate COP26 in November 2021. The Hub led the co-organisation of High-Level Event for COP26 Virtual Ocean Pavilion. The Virtual Ocean Pavilion is an online platform dedicated to raising the visibility of the ocean and showcasing why the ocean matters in climate negotiations and to all life on our planet. It aims to increase knowledge, commitment and action for the ocean-climate nexus during and at key events in the run up to and during the UN Climate Change Conference (COP). The Pavilion is coordinated by Global Ocean Forum in collaboration with various partners such as the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the UNESCO, the Plymouth Marine Laboratory, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to mention a few. The Hub has been a co-organiser of the Virtual Ocean Pavilion from 2021 until now. On 1st November 2021, the One Ocean Hub co-organised a roundtable titled 'Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) Ocean and Climate Change Dialogue Theme: Strengthening cooperation and collaboration among relevant UN bodies in tackling ocean and climate change' for the COP26 Virtual Ocean Pavilion to bring together UN bodies and researchers from different disciplines on the ocean-climate nexus. The roundtable explored the need for joint interventions by the UN System and global organisations to build ocean resilience in the face of climate change, using sustainable and inclusive mitigation and adaptation strategies. The event was chaired by Mr Eden Charles, Lecturer at the Faculty of Law, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago and Chairperson of the Advisory Board of One Ocean Hub. It brought together high-level representatives from different UN bodies including the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, IOC-UNESCO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, International Maritime Organization, Coordinator of the Group of Experts of the UN Regular Process - World Ocean Assessment, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, and Hub researchers, Dr Bernadette Snow (University of Strathclyde, UK) and Dr Sian Rees (University of Plymouth, UK). This event enabled the Hub to share progress and lessons learnt in transdisciplinary ocean research with a view to supporting science-policy interfaces that integrate different stakeholders and human rights-holders, as well as experts from marine sciences and social sciences, law, humanities and arts and shared key learnings with the IOC UNESCO who also serves as the Secretariat of the UN Decade for Ocean Science. The Hub key learnings shared during the event are listed in our policy brief titled "How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development" that is available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/. In June 2022, the IOC UNESCO informed the Hub of their endorsement of One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4" as a project forming part of the UN Decade due to the Hub's engagement and commitment to the Ocean Decade vision of "the science we need for the ocean we want" (see the announcement here: https://oceandecade.org/actions/one-ocean-hub-research-programme-4/ and the endorsement letter from IOC UNESCO here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/b6gl0n9dtkeg39k7cabtdvgp26). Research Programme 4 focuses on capacity building for deep-sea science in the South-East Atlantic to advance understanding of offshore marine biodiversity through new deep-water surveys in one of the world's most poorly known ecosystems. It aims to develop new methods to predict the distribution of species and habitats and of multiple threats to stimulate various management scenarios. Within the structure set out in the Ocean Decade Implementation Plan, individual projects are typically attached to endorsed Decade Programmes. One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4 is attached to Decade Programme "Challenger 150 - A Decade to Study Deep-Sea Life". Challenger 150 is a global cooperative aims 'to advance understanding of the diversity, distribution, function and services provided by deep-ocean biota; and to use this new knowledge to educate, inspire, and promote better management and sustainable use of the deep ocean' (https://challenger150.world/). As part of the Ocean Decade the IOC UNESCO facilitates the effort of the ocean community in responding to the pressing need for adaptation strategies and science-policy responses to address problems affecting the ocean and peoples most dependent on it. To do so, the UN Ocean Decade endorses so-called Implementing Partners. Implementing Partners are selected stakeholder institutions, networks or groups that are committed to the vision and mission of the Decade, and that are making significant and sustained efforts to support the Decade through the implementation of specific tasks (see http://bit.ly/3l7GAwk). In November 2021, the IOC UNESCO invited the Hub to become an Ocean Decade Implementing Partner and to co-develop an Implementing Partner proposal focused on transdiciplinarity (see: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/njo8s3g69bb7f9as935jb0a8do). As a Decade Implementing Partner on transdiciplinarity, the Hub will facilitate and coordinate national, regional and international contributions including workshop, event, exhibit, conference, and publications that contribute to Ocean Decade's commitment to co-designing research and solutions that is critical for revolutionizing ocean science and transforming ocean governance. The Hub is expecting to receive formal endorsement as the Decade Implementing Partner from the IOC UNESCO before mid 2023. Within the first three months of its mandate as a Decade Implementing Partner, the Hub has envisaged and prepared three events for the UN Ocean Decade Conference and has committed to deliver a talk and take part in the UK National UN Decade Committee meeting taking place 5-6 March at the Edinburgh Napier University, where Hub Deputy Director, Philile Mbatha will present. The events are designed to disseminate the finds in the field of transdisciplinary methods through its program Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance, as well as in the field of deep-sea research (Hub research program 4 - RP4), as part of its Decade Action mandate in relation to the Decade's Challenger 150 research program. In its capacity of Decade Implementing Partner (Transdisciplinary Toolbox), the Hub will deliver two knowledge sharing events within the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona in April 2024. On 9 April, the Hub will deliver a Satellite event entitled Introducing Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance. The satellite event "Introducing Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance" will be a three-tiered event consisting of a panel on the Hub's Ocean Knowledge Integration; a live performance and conversation on the Hub's art-based ocean research; and a dialogue forum on transformative ocean governance methods with the Marine Social Sciences Network and the University of Cardiff. Hub researchers Elisa Morgera, Nina Rivers, Milica Prokic (University of Strathclyde, UK), Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Elsemi Olwage (University of Namibia, Namibia), Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, South Africa), and Mpume Mthombeni will be delivering this event's program. The satellite event regarding the Challenger 150 program will be delivered by Hub's researchers from the University of Plymouth will be delivering another satellite event, as a member project of Challenger 150. Programme. The Hub's work represented in this capacity will be Plymouth's deep-sea research. In addition to this, Nina Rivers will present a poster entitled 'Weaving it all together: Inter and transdisciplinary co-design of ocean science for a sustainable and equitable future- a case study from Ghana'. The presentation will take place between 10 and 12 April 2024, within the regular program of the Conference. The UN Ocean Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development's "Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance" is developed based on Hub's research, experience and practices. As part of the Hub's role as a Decade Implementation Partnership endorsed in October 2023, the proposed transdisciplinary toolbox for ocean knowledge co-production supporting just, inclusive, and sustainable ocean governance represents the Hub's original product, envisaged as a program applicable at the international level as well as to a variety of geographical contexts. The Toolbox is envisaged adaptable and applicable to the programs of various and diverse Decade's partners through guidance of how to make the best use of the programme. It will also benefit the programs focusing on sustainable development beyond the ocean context. Responding to Challenge 10 (to 'ensure that the multiple values and services of the ocean for human wellbeing, culture, and sustainable development are widely understood, and identify and overcome barriers to behaviour change required for a step change in humanity's relationship with the ocean'), the Toolbox takes a comprehensive and innovative approach to transdisciplinary knowledge, methodologies, and research findings. It builds on the Hub's expertise in integrated approaches to the implementation of human rights, environmental law and the law of the sea, on the basis of aligned evidence from the marine and social sciences and the arts. It draws from the comprehensive and still evolving array of innovative research methodologies, activities and findings co-developed by the Hub and discussed with various partners (including international NGOs and various bodies of the UN System). This collaboration also promotes gender equality. 85 per cent of Hub researchers who will be attending and presenting at Decade Conference in April 2024 are women. Hub's contributions to the Conference that is expected to be the largest gathering for the global ocean community in 2024 will also explore the varying the conditions of success for the Ocean Decade including inclusivity, equity and diversity across gender, generations and geographies. Hub's participation at the Decade Conference will also enable the Hub to share lessons learned and best practices on the importance of research co-development for sustainable development to Heads of State, leaders of UN agencies, industry and philanthropic leaders who will be present at the Conference.
Impact Peer-reviewed articles: M Lombard et al, 'Principles for Transformative Ocean Governance' (2023) Nature Sustainability https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-023-01210-9 Narayanaswamy B et al (2020). A blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea ocean decade field program. Frontiers in Marine Science https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861. Howell K et al. (2021). "A decade to study deep-sea life." Frontiers in Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01352-5. Howell K et al. (2021). "A Blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea Ocean Decade Field Program." Frontiers in Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861. McQuaid et.al. (2022). "Capacity development in the Ocean Decade and beyond: Key questions about meanings, motivations, pathways, and measurements" Earth System Governance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2022.100138. Jacob C, Diederichsen SD, Fullbrook L, Lombard AT, Rees SE, Rivers N, Snow B, Strand M, Zuercher R, Niner HJ. (2023). "A two-way process - Social capacity as a driver and outcome of equitable marine spatial planning." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105507. Strand M, Rivers N, Baasch R, Snow B. (2022). "Developing arts-based participatory research for more inclusive knowledge co-production in Algoa Bay." Current Research in Environmental Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsust.2022.100178. International recognition/endorsement: Endorsement of One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4 as the Ocean Decade Action in 2022 by the Secretariat of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. See the announcement here: https://oceandecade.org/actions/one-ocean-hub-research-programme-4/ and the endorsement letter from IOC UNESCO here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/b6gl0n9dtkeg39k7cabtdvgp26. One Ocean Hub has been invited by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO to be the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development Implementing Partner on transdisciplinary in November 2021. To see the evidence of the co-development of the Implementing Partner proposal between the Hub and IOC UNESCO from November 2021 until December 2022 see email exchanges here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/njo8s3g69bb7f9as935jb0a8do Report: Sink K, McQuaid K, Atkinson L, Palmer R, Van der Heever G, Majied P, Loyiso D, Currie J, Adams R, Wahome M, Howell K, Paterson A. (2022). "Challenges and Solutions to develop capacity for Deep-sea Research and Management in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/. Policy brief: One Ocean Hub Policy Brief: "How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development." (2021). Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/. Blogposts: Febrica S. (2021). "Bringing transdiciplinarity in science-policy interface for ocean sustainability". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/bringing-transdiciplinarity-in-science-policy-interface-for-ocean-sustainability/. James A. (2021). "Reflections on engaged, transdisciplinary creative research practice." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflections-on-engaged-transdisciplinary-creative-research-practice/. McDonald L. (2021). "Artfully Sustaining the Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ Wahome, Hills and Morgera. (2021). "Towards transdisciplinarity - which route to take?". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take/ Wahome, Hills and Morgera. (2021). "Towards transdisciplinarity - which route to take? Part II." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take-part-ii/. Wynberg R, Dorrington R, Upton M, and Sink K. (2020). "Biodiscovery: Exploring the Science-Policy Interface in the One Ocean Hub". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/biodiscovery-exploring-the-science-policy-interface-in-the-one-ocean-hub/. Maharaj P and Hills J. (2021). "The development of a transdiciplinary framewrok for sustainable and integrated ocean development in the Pacific." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-development-of-a-transdisciplinary-framework-for-sustainable-and-integrated-ocean-development-in-the-pacific/. Lavelle J. (2021). "Towards a community of practice for equitable and sustainable marine biodiversity in South Africa. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-a-community-of-practice-for-equitable-and-sustainable-marine-biodiscovery-in-south-africa/. Febrica S. (2021). "Considering the Ocean and Transdiciplinary Research in the UK's International Development Strategy." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/considering-the-ocean-and-transdisciplinary-research-in-the-uks-international-development-strategy/. McDonald L. (2021). "Surfacing emotional connections with the sea: DEEP Fund Projects update." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/surfacing-emotional-connections-with-the-sea-deep-fund-projects-update/. Lavelle J. (2021) "New study on inclusive and equitable research and innovation in marine biodiscovery." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-study-on-inclusive-and-equitable-research-and-innovation-in-marine-biodiscovery/. One Ocean Hub (2024), WE LAUNCHED OUR UN DECADE IMPLEMENTING PARTNER PROGRAM 'TRANSDISCIPLINARY TOOLBOX FOR TRANSFORMATIVE OCEAN GOVERNANCE' AT THE UN OCEAN DECADE CONFERENCE IN APRIL 2024, https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-launched-its-un-decade-implementing-partner-program-transdisciplinary-toolbox-for-transformative-ocean-governance-at-the-un-ocean-decade-conference/ One Ocean Hub (2024), REFRAMING OCEAN LITERACY UNDER THE UN OCEAN SCIENCE DECADE, https://oneoceanhub.org/reframing-the-un-ocean-science-decades-challenge-on-humanitys-relationship-with-the-ocean/ One Ocean Hub (2024), HIGHLIGHTS AND CHALLENGES OF THE OCEAN DECADE CONFERENCE 2024 - THE BIGGEST OCEAN GATHERING OF THE YEAR, https://oneoceanhub.org/highlights-and-challenges-of-the-ocean-decade-conference-2024-the-biggest-ocean-gathering-of-the-year/ Events: UN Ocean Decade Conference (Barcelona) 9-12 April 2024 • The Hub organised a 2-hour Satellite Event (9th April, tbc) to launch its Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance that the Hub is developing as the Decade Implementing Partner. • Alongside this event, Hub researchers from the University of Plymouth delivered another Satellite Event, as a member project of Challenger 150. • In addition to the Satellite Events, Hub early-career researcher Nina Rivers (University of Strathclyde/Nelson Mandela University) presented a poster entitled 'Weaving it all together: Inter and transdisciplinary co-design of ocean science for a sustainable and equitable future - a case study from Ghana'.
Start Year 2021
 
Description Contributing to the UN Decade for Ocean Science 
Organisation University of Plymouth
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The One Ocean Hub adopts inter- and transdisciplinarity, working across disciplines including marine science, law, anthropology, sociology, history, and arts, as well as with diverse knowledge holders (see https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take/). From the outset, the Hub has organized events to share iterative learning on its inter- and transdisciplinary practices, including events for the World Oceans Week (https://oneoceanhub.org/un-world-oceans-day/) and the UN Nippon Fellow Alumni capacity-building programme (https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=acRnJj4ckas&t=20s) in 2020. The Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow, UK in November 2021 provided another opportunity for the Hub to showcase the values and contributions of the Hub transdisciplinary research in developing climate change adaptation and mitigation measures to international partners and other stakeholders, including the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO that also acts as the Secretariat of the United Nations Decade of Science for Sustainable Development. This paved the way for closer collaboration between the Hub and IOC UNESCO/Ocean Decade on transdisciplinary research. Climate change is driving rapid and vast changes to the ocean and consequently the ways that people relate to it. Adaptation to these changes will be essential to maintain the services and values that it provides. Given the complexity of challenges posed by climate change multi-disciplinarity and science/policy engagement are key to build suitable adaptation and mitigation. There is a pressing need to integrate both different knowledge system, including traditional knowledge in ocean research and to work with varied and relevant stakeholders including traditional knowledge holder. This is a key understanding to ocean-climate solution shared by the Hub and IOC-UNESCO/UN Ocean Decade. In June 2022, the IOC-UNESCO endorsed the Hub "Research Programme 4" as a project forming part of the UN Decade; and in November 2021, the IOC-UNESCO invited the Hub to apply as an "Implementing Partner" of the Decade and co-develop a programme on transdiciplinarity. In October 2023 the IOC-UNESCO also endorsed the One Ocean Hub as Decade Implementation Partner focusing specifically on Challenge 10 but also addressing others that include Challenge 3, 4 and 5. As part of its role under this endorsement, the Hub will develop the Transdisciplinary Toolbox of Ocean Knowledge Co-Production for Transformative Governance - supporting just, inclusive sustainable ocean governance and exploring its transferability to other Decade's projects and activities, the Hub will also respond to other Decade challenges - particularly Challenges 3, 4, and 5. In addition, the Transdisciplinary Toolbox promotes embedding of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, multiple SDGs and the new Agreement on Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction, by integrating the ecosystem approach and the human rights-based approach in ocean research and governance. The Hub presented components of the Transdisciplinary Toolbox at the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona in April 2024 in a satellite event organized by the Hub through a partnership with University of Cardiff,. The Challenges that the Transdisciplinary Toolbox addresses are detailed as follows: Challenge 10: Ensure that the multiple values and services of the ocean for human wellbeing, culture, and sustainable development are widely understood, and identify and overcome barriers to behaviour change required for a step change in humanity's relationship with the ocean. Challenge 3: Generate knowledge, support innovation, and develop solutions to optimise the role of the ocean in sustainably feeding the world's population under changing environmental, social and climate conditions. Challenge 4: Generate knowledge, support innovation, and develop solutions for equitable and sustainable development of the ocean economy under changing environmental, social and climate conditions. Challenge 5: Enhance understanding of the ocean-climate nexus and generate knowledge and solutions to mitigate, adapt and build resilience to the effects of climate change across all geographies and at all scales, and to improve services including predictions for the ocean, climate and weather. In April 2024, Hub researcher and Empatheatre co-founder Dylan McGarry contributed to the Ocean Literacy Dialogue and the UN Ocean Decade Conference, with a particular emphasis on the need to shift attention from 'ocean literacy' to 'ocean fluency'. He was then invited to contribute to the re-framing of Challenge 10 of the UN Decade for Ocean Science on 'Changing humanity's relationship with the ocean'. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia; Rhodes University, South Africa). • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; University of Plymouth, UK • partner organisations based in the Global North: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, France; Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Italy; Convention on Biological Diversity, Canada The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Research organisations based in the Global North: University of California, San Diego (UCSD), US; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, US • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Global Ocean Forum, US; UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, Germany; International Maritime Organization, UK; Coordinator of the Group of Experts of the UN Regular Process - World Ocean Assessment, US.
Collaborator Contribution The United Nations proclaimed the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) to support efforts to reverse the cycle of decline in ocean health and gather ocean stakeholders worldwide behind a common framework that will ensure ocean science can fully support countries in creating improved conditions for sustainable development of the Ocean. The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO serves as the main coordinator of the Ocean Decade. The Hub collaboration with the (IOC) of UNESCO started during Climate COP26 in November 2021. The Hub led the co-organisation of High-Level Event for COP26 Virtual Ocean Pavilion. The Virtual Ocean Pavilion is an online platform dedicated to raising the visibility of the ocean and showcasing why the ocean matters in climate negotiations and to all life on our planet. It aims to increase knowledge, commitment and action for the ocean-climate nexus during and at key events in the run up to and during the UN Climate Change Conference (COP). The Pavilion is coordinated by Global Ocean Forum in collaboration with various partners such as the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the UNESCO, the Plymouth Marine Laboratory, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to mention a few. The Hub has been a co-organiser of the Virtual Ocean Pavilion from 2021 until now. On 1st November 2021, the One Ocean Hub co-organised a roundtable titled 'Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) Ocean and Climate Change Dialogue Theme: Strengthening cooperation and collaboration among relevant UN bodies in tackling ocean and climate change' for the COP26 Virtual Ocean Pavilion to bring together UN bodies and researchers from different disciplines on the ocean-climate nexus. The roundtable explored the need for joint interventions by the UN System and global organisations to build ocean resilience in the face of climate change, using sustainable and inclusive mitigation and adaptation strategies. The event was chaired by Mr Eden Charles, Lecturer at the Faculty of Law, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago and Chairperson of the Advisory Board of One Ocean Hub. It brought together high-level representatives from different UN bodies including the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, IOC-UNESCO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, International Maritime Organization, Coordinator of the Group of Experts of the UN Regular Process - World Ocean Assessment, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, and Hub researchers, Dr Bernadette Snow (University of Strathclyde, UK) and Dr Sian Rees (University of Plymouth, UK). This event enabled the Hub to share progress and lessons learnt in transdisciplinary ocean research with a view to supporting science-policy interfaces that integrate different stakeholders and human rights-holders, as well as experts from marine sciences and social sciences, law, humanities and arts and shared key learnings with the IOC UNESCO who also serves as the Secretariat of the UN Decade for Ocean Science. The Hub key learnings shared during the event are listed in our policy brief titled "How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development" that is available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/. In June 2022, the IOC UNESCO informed the Hub of their endorsement of One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4" as a project forming part of the UN Decade due to the Hub's engagement and commitment to the Ocean Decade vision of "the science we need for the ocean we want" (see the announcement here: https://oceandecade.org/actions/one-ocean-hub-research-programme-4/ and the endorsement letter from IOC UNESCO here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/b6gl0n9dtkeg39k7cabtdvgp26). Research Programme 4 focuses on capacity building for deep-sea science in the South-East Atlantic to advance understanding of offshore marine biodiversity through new deep-water surveys in one of the world's most poorly known ecosystems. It aims to develop new methods to predict the distribution of species and habitats and of multiple threats to stimulate various management scenarios. Within the structure set out in the Ocean Decade Implementation Plan, individual projects are typically attached to endorsed Decade Programmes. One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4 is attached to Decade Programme "Challenger 150 - A Decade to Study Deep-Sea Life". Challenger 150 is a global cooperative aims 'to advance understanding of the diversity, distribution, function and services provided by deep-ocean biota; and to use this new knowledge to educate, inspire, and promote better management and sustainable use of the deep ocean' (https://challenger150.world/). As part of the Ocean Decade the IOC UNESCO facilitates the effort of the ocean community in responding to the pressing need for adaptation strategies and science-policy responses to address problems affecting the ocean and peoples most dependent on it. To do so, the UN Ocean Decade endorses so-called Implementing Partners. Implementing Partners are selected stakeholder institutions, networks or groups that are committed to the vision and mission of the Decade, and that are making significant and sustained efforts to support the Decade through the implementation of specific tasks (see http://bit.ly/3l7GAwk). In November 2021, the IOC UNESCO invited the Hub to become an Ocean Decade Implementing Partner and to co-develop an Implementing Partner proposal focused on transdiciplinarity (see: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/njo8s3g69bb7f9as935jb0a8do). As a Decade Implementing Partner on transdiciplinarity, the Hub will facilitate and coordinate national, regional and international contributions including workshop, event, exhibit, conference, and publications that contribute to Ocean Decade's commitment to co-designing research and solutions that is critical for revolutionizing ocean science and transforming ocean governance. The Hub is expecting to receive formal endorsement as the Decade Implementing Partner from the IOC UNESCO before mid 2023. Within the first three months of its mandate as a Decade Implementing Partner, the Hub has envisaged and prepared three events for the UN Ocean Decade Conference and has committed to deliver a talk and take part in the UK National UN Decade Committee meeting taking place 5-6 March at the Edinburgh Napier University, where Hub Deputy Director, Philile Mbatha will present. The events are designed to disseminate the finds in the field of transdisciplinary methods through its program Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance, as well as in the field of deep-sea research (Hub research program 4 - RP4), as part of its Decade Action mandate in relation to the Decade's Challenger 150 research program. In its capacity of Decade Implementing Partner (Transdisciplinary Toolbox), the Hub will deliver two knowledge sharing events within the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona in April 2024. On 9 April, the Hub will deliver a Satellite event entitled Introducing Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance. The satellite event "Introducing Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance" will be a three-tiered event consisting of a panel on the Hub's Ocean Knowledge Integration; a live performance and conversation on the Hub's art-based ocean research; and a dialogue forum on transformative ocean governance methods with the Marine Social Sciences Network and the University of Cardiff. Hub researchers Elisa Morgera, Nina Rivers, Milica Prokic (University of Strathclyde, UK), Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Elsemi Olwage (University of Namibia, Namibia), Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, South Africa), and Mpume Mthombeni will be delivering this event's program. The satellite event regarding the Challenger 150 program will be delivered by Hub's researchers from the University of Plymouth will be delivering another satellite event, as a member project of Challenger 150. Programme. The Hub's work represented in this capacity will be Plymouth's deep-sea research. In addition to this, Nina Rivers will present a poster entitled 'Weaving it all together: Inter and transdisciplinary co-design of ocean science for a sustainable and equitable future- a case study from Ghana'. The presentation will take place between 10 and 12 April 2024, within the regular program of the Conference. The UN Ocean Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development's "Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance" is developed based on Hub's research, experience and practices. As part of the Hub's role as a Decade Implementation Partnership endorsed in October 2023, the proposed transdisciplinary toolbox for ocean knowledge co-production supporting just, inclusive, and sustainable ocean governance represents the Hub's original product, envisaged as a program applicable at the international level as well as to a variety of geographical contexts. The Toolbox is envisaged adaptable and applicable to the programs of various and diverse Decade's partners through guidance of how to make the best use of the programme. It will also benefit the programs focusing on sustainable development beyond the ocean context. Responding to Challenge 10 (to 'ensure that the multiple values and services of the ocean for human wellbeing, culture, and sustainable development are widely understood, and identify and overcome barriers to behaviour change required for a step change in humanity's relationship with the ocean'), the Toolbox takes a comprehensive and innovative approach to transdisciplinary knowledge, methodologies, and research findings. It builds on the Hub's expertise in integrated approaches to the implementation of human rights, environmental law and the law of the sea, on the basis of aligned evidence from the marine and social sciences and the arts. It draws from the comprehensive and still evolving array of innovative research methodologies, activities and findings co-developed by the Hub and discussed with various partners (including international NGOs and various bodies of the UN System). This collaboration also promotes gender equality. 85 per cent of Hub researchers who will be attending and presenting at Decade Conference in April 2024 are women. Hub's contributions to the Conference that is expected to be the largest gathering for the global ocean community in 2024 will also explore the varying the conditions of success for the Ocean Decade including inclusivity, equity and diversity across gender, generations and geographies. Hub's participation at the Decade Conference will also enable the Hub to share lessons learned and best practices on the importance of research co-development for sustainable development to Heads of State, leaders of UN agencies, industry and philanthropic leaders who will be present at the Conference.
Impact Peer-reviewed articles: M Lombard et al, 'Principles for Transformative Ocean Governance' (2023) Nature Sustainability https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-023-01210-9 Narayanaswamy B et al (2020). A blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea ocean decade field program. Frontiers in Marine Science https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861. Howell K et al. (2021). "A decade to study deep-sea life." Frontiers in Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01352-5. Howell K et al. (2021). "A Blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea Ocean Decade Field Program." Frontiers in Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861. McQuaid et.al. (2022). "Capacity development in the Ocean Decade and beyond: Key questions about meanings, motivations, pathways, and measurements" Earth System Governance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2022.100138. Jacob C, Diederichsen SD, Fullbrook L, Lombard AT, Rees SE, Rivers N, Snow B, Strand M, Zuercher R, Niner HJ. (2023). "A two-way process - Social capacity as a driver and outcome of equitable marine spatial planning." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105507. Strand M, Rivers N, Baasch R, Snow B. (2022). "Developing arts-based participatory research for more inclusive knowledge co-production in Algoa Bay." Current Research in Environmental Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsust.2022.100178. International recognition/endorsement: Endorsement of One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4 as the Ocean Decade Action in 2022 by the Secretariat of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. See the announcement here: https://oceandecade.org/actions/one-ocean-hub-research-programme-4/ and the endorsement letter from IOC UNESCO here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/b6gl0n9dtkeg39k7cabtdvgp26. One Ocean Hub has been invited by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO to be the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development Implementing Partner on transdisciplinary in November 2021. To see the evidence of the co-development of the Implementing Partner proposal between the Hub and IOC UNESCO from November 2021 until December 2022 see email exchanges here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/njo8s3g69bb7f9as935jb0a8do Report: Sink K, McQuaid K, Atkinson L, Palmer R, Van der Heever G, Majied P, Loyiso D, Currie J, Adams R, Wahome M, Howell K, Paterson A. (2022). "Challenges and Solutions to develop capacity for Deep-sea Research and Management in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/. Policy brief: One Ocean Hub Policy Brief: "How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development." (2021). Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/. Blogposts: Febrica S. (2021). "Bringing transdiciplinarity in science-policy interface for ocean sustainability". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/bringing-transdiciplinarity-in-science-policy-interface-for-ocean-sustainability/. James A. (2021). "Reflections on engaged, transdisciplinary creative research practice." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflections-on-engaged-transdisciplinary-creative-research-practice/. McDonald L. (2021). "Artfully Sustaining the Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ Wahome, Hills and Morgera. (2021). "Towards transdisciplinarity - which route to take?". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take/ Wahome, Hills and Morgera. (2021). "Towards transdisciplinarity - which route to take? Part II." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take-part-ii/. Wynberg R, Dorrington R, Upton M, and Sink K. (2020). "Biodiscovery: Exploring the Science-Policy Interface in the One Ocean Hub". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/biodiscovery-exploring-the-science-policy-interface-in-the-one-ocean-hub/. Maharaj P and Hills J. (2021). "The development of a transdiciplinary framewrok for sustainable and integrated ocean development in the Pacific." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-development-of-a-transdisciplinary-framework-for-sustainable-and-integrated-ocean-development-in-the-pacific/. Lavelle J. (2021). "Towards a community of practice for equitable and sustainable marine biodiversity in South Africa. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-a-community-of-practice-for-equitable-and-sustainable-marine-biodiscovery-in-south-africa/. Febrica S. (2021). "Considering the Ocean and Transdiciplinary Research in the UK's International Development Strategy." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/considering-the-ocean-and-transdisciplinary-research-in-the-uks-international-development-strategy/. McDonald L. (2021). "Surfacing emotional connections with the sea: DEEP Fund Projects update." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/surfacing-emotional-connections-with-the-sea-deep-fund-projects-update/. Lavelle J. (2021) "New study on inclusive and equitable research and innovation in marine biodiscovery." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-study-on-inclusive-and-equitable-research-and-innovation-in-marine-biodiscovery/. One Ocean Hub (2024), WE LAUNCHED OUR UN DECADE IMPLEMENTING PARTNER PROGRAM 'TRANSDISCIPLINARY TOOLBOX FOR TRANSFORMATIVE OCEAN GOVERNANCE' AT THE UN OCEAN DECADE CONFERENCE IN APRIL 2024, https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-launched-its-un-decade-implementing-partner-program-transdisciplinary-toolbox-for-transformative-ocean-governance-at-the-un-ocean-decade-conference/ One Ocean Hub (2024), REFRAMING OCEAN LITERACY UNDER THE UN OCEAN SCIENCE DECADE, https://oneoceanhub.org/reframing-the-un-ocean-science-decades-challenge-on-humanitys-relationship-with-the-ocean/ One Ocean Hub (2024), HIGHLIGHTS AND CHALLENGES OF THE OCEAN DECADE CONFERENCE 2024 - THE BIGGEST OCEAN GATHERING OF THE YEAR, https://oneoceanhub.org/highlights-and-challenges-of-the-ocean-decade-conference-2024-the-biggest-ocean-gathering-of-the-year/ Events: UN Ocean Decade Conference (Barcelona) 9-12 April 2024 • The Hub organised a 2-hour Satellite Event (9th April, tbc) to launch its Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance that the Hub is developing as the Decade Implementing Partner. • Alongside this event, Hub researchers from the University of Plymouth delivered another Satellite Event, as a member project of Challenger 150. • In addition to the Satellite Events, Hub early-career researcher Nina Rivers (University of Strathclyde/Nelson Mandela University) presented a poster entitled 'Weaving it all together: Inter and transdisciplinary co-design of ocean science for a sustainable and equitable future - a case study from Ghana'.
Start Year 2021
 
Description Contributing to the UN Decade for Ocean Science 
Organisation University of Strathclyde
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The One Ocean Hub adopts inter- and transdisciplinarity, working across disciplines including marine science, law, anthropology, sociology, history, and arts, as well as with diverse knowledge holders (see https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take/). From the outset, the Hub has organized events to share iterative learning on its inter- and transdisciplinary practices, including events for the World Oceans Week (https://oneoceanhub.org/un-world-oceans-day/) and the UN Nippon Fellow Alumni capacity-building programme (https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=acRnJj4ckas&t=20s) in 2020. The Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow, UK in November 2021 provided another opportunity for the Hub to showcase the values and contributions of the Hub transdisciplinary research in developing climate change adaptation and mitigation measures to international partners and other stakeholders, including the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO that also acts as the Secretariat of the United Nations Decade of Science for Sustainable Development. This paved the way for closer collaboration between the Hub and IOC UNESCO/Ocean Decade on transdisciplinary research. Climate change is driving rapid and vast changes to the ocean and consequently the ways that people relate to it. Adaptation to these changes will be essential to maintain the services and values that it provides. Given the complexity of challenges posed by climate change multi-disciplinarity and science/policy engagement are key to build suitable adaptation and mitigation. There is a pressing need to integrate both different knowledge system, including traditional knowledge in ocean research and to work with varied and relevant stakeholders including traditional knowledge holder. This is a key understanding to ocean-climate solution shared by the Hub and IOC-UNESCO/UN Ocean Decade. In June 2022, the IOC-UNESCO endorsed the Hub "Research Programme 4" as a project forming part of the UN Decade; and in November 2021, the IOC-UNESCO invited the Hub to apply as an "Implementing Partner" of the Decade and co-develop a programme on transdiciplinarity. In October 2023 the IOC-UNESCO also endorsed the One Ocean Hub as Decade Implementation Partner focusing specifically on Challenge 10 but also addressing others that include Challenge 3, 4 and 5. As part of its role under this endorsement, the Hub will develop the Transdisciplinary Toolbox of Ocean Knowledge Co-Production for Transformative Governance - supporting just, inclusive sustainable ocean governance and exploring its transferability to other Decade's projects and activities, the Hub will also respond to other Decade challenges - particularly Challenges 3, 4, and 5. In addition, the Transdisciplinary Toolbox promotes embedding of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, multiple SDGs and the new Agreement on Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction, by integrating the ecosystem approach and the human rights-based approach in ocean research and governance. The Hub presented components of the Transdisciplinary Toolbox at the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona in April 2024 in a satellite event organized by the Hub through a partnership with University of Cardiff,. The Challenges that the Transdisciplinary Toolbox addresses are detailed as follows: Challenge 10: Ensure that the multiple values and services of the ocean for human wellbeing, culture, and sustainable development are widely understood, and identify and overcome barriers to behaviour change required for a step change in humanity's relationship with the ocean. Challenge 3: Generate knowledge, support innovation, and develop solutions to optimise the role of the ocean in sustainably feeding the world's population under changing environmental, social and climate conditions. Challenge 4: Generate knowledge, support innovation, and develop solutions for equitable and sustainable development of the ocean economy under changing environmental, social and climate conditions. Challenge 5: Enhance understanding of the ocean-climate nexus and generate knowledge and solutions to mitigate, adapt and build resilience to the effects of climate change across all geographies and at all scales, and to improve services including predictions for the ocean, climate and weather. In April 2024, Hub researcher and Empatheatre co-founder Dylan McGarry contributed to the Ocean Literacy Dialogue and the UN Ocean Decade Conference, with a particular emphasis on the need to shift attention from 'ocean literacy' to 'ocean fluency'. He was then invited to contribute to the re-framing of Challenge 10 of the UN Decade for Ocean Science on 'Changing humanity's relationship with the ocean'. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: University of Cape Coast, Ghana; University of Namibia, Namibia; Rhodes University, South Africa). • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; University of Plymouth, UK • partner organisations based in the Global North: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, France; Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Italy; Convention on Biological Diversity, Canada The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Research organisations based in the Global North: University of California, San Diego (UCSD), US; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, US • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Global Ocean Forum, US; UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, Germany; International Maritime Organization, UK; Coordinator of the Group of Experts of the UN Regular Process - World Ocean Assessment, US.
Collaborator Contribution The United Nations proclaimed the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) to support efforts to reverse the cycle of decline in ocean health and gather ocean stakeholders worldwide behind a common framework that will ensure ocean science can fully support countries in creating improved conditions for sustainable development of the Ocean. The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO serves as the main coordinator of the Ocean Decade. The Hub collaboration with the (IOC) of UNESCO started during Climate COP26 in November 2021. The Hub led the co-organisation of High-Level Event for COP26 Virtual Ocean Pavilion. The Virtual Ocean Pavilion is an online platform dedicated to raising the visibility of the ocean and showcasing why the ocean matters in climate negotiations and to all life on our planet. It aims to increase knowledge, commitment and action for the ocean-climate nexus during and at key events in the run up to and during the UN Climate Change Conference (COP). The Pavilion is coordinated by Global Ocean Forum in collaboration with various partners such as the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the UNESCO, the Plymouth Marine Laboratory, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to mention a few. The Hub has been a co-organiser of the Virtual Ocean Pavilion from 2021 until now. On 1st November 2021, the One Ocean Hub co-organised a roundtable titled 'Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) Ocean and Climate Change Dialogue Theme: Strengthening cooperation and collaboration among relevant UN bodies in tackling ocean and climate change' for the COP26 Virtual Ocean Pavilion to bring together UN bodies and researchers from different disciplines on the ocean-climate nexus. The roundtable explored the need for joint interventions by the UN System and global organisations to build ocean resilience in the face of climate change, using sustainable and inclusive mitigation and adaptation strategies. The event was chaired by Mr Eden Charles, Lecturer at the Faculty of Law, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago and Chairperson of the Advisory Board of One Ocean Hub. It brought together high-level representatives from different UN bodies including the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, IOC-UNESCO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, International Maritime Organization, Coordinator of the Group of Experts of the UN Regular Process - World Ocean Assessment, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, and Hub researchers, Dr Bernadette Snow (University of Strathclyde, UK) and Dr Sian Rees (University of Plymouth, UK). This event enabled the Hub to share progress and lessons learnt in transdisciplinary ocean research with a view to supporting science-policy interfaces that integrate different stakeholders and human rights-holders, as well as experts from marine sciences and social sciences, law, humanities and arts and shared key learnings with the IOC UNESCO who also serves as the Secretariat of the UN Decade for Ocean Science. The Hub key learnings shared during the event are listed in our policy brief titled "How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development" that is available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/. In June 2022, the IOC UNESCO informed the Hub of their endorsement of One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4" as a project forming part of the UN Decade due to the Hub's engagement and commitment to the Ocean Decade vision of "the science we need for the ocean we want" (see the announcement here: https://oceandecade.org/actions/one-ocean-hub-research-programme-4/ and the endorsement letter from IOC UNESCO here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/b6gl0n9dtkeg39k7cabtdvgp26). Research Programme 4 focuses on capacity building for deep-sea science in the South-East Atlantic to advance understanding of offshore marine biodiversity through new deep-water surveys in one of the world's most poorly known ecosystems. It aims to develop new methods to predict the distribution of species and habitats and of multiple threats to stimulate various management scenarios. Within the structure set out in the Ocean Decade Implementation Plan, individual projects are typically attached to endorsed Decade Programmes. One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4 is attached to Decade Programme "Challenger 150 - A Decade to Study Deep-Sea Life". Challenger 150 is a global cooperative aims 'to advance understanding of the diversity, distribution, function and services provided by deep-ocean biota; and to use this new knowledge to educate, inspire, and promote better management and sustainable use of the deep ocean' (https://challenger150.world/). As part of the Ocean Decade the IOC UNESCO facilitates the effort of the ocean community in responding to the pressing need for adaptation strategies and science-policy responses to address problems affecting the ocean and peoples most dependent on it. To do so, the UN Ocean Decade endorses so-called Implementing Partners. Implementing Partners are selected stakeholder institutions, networks or groups that are committed to the vision and mission of the Decade, and that are making significant and sustained efforts to support the Decade through the implementation of specific tasks (see http://bit.ly/3l7GAwk). In November 2021, the IOC UNESCO invited the Hub to become an Ocean Decade Implementing Partner and to co-develop an Implementing Partner proposal focused on transdiciplinarity (see: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/njo8s3g69bb7f9as935jb0a8do). As a Decade Implementing Partner on transdiciplinarity, the Hub will facilitate and coordinate national, regional and international contributions including workshop, event, exhibit, conference, and publications that contribute to Ocean Decade's commitment to co-designing research and solutions that is critical for revolutionizing ocean science and transforming ocean governance. The Hub is expecting to receive formal endorsement as the Decade Implementing Partner from the IOC UNESCO before mid 2023. Within the first three months of its mandate as a Decade Implementing Partner, the Hub has envisaged and prepared three events for the UN Ocean Decade Conference and has committed to deliver a talk and take part in the UK National UN Decade Committee meeting taking place 5-6 March at the Edinburgh Napier University, where Hub Deputy Director, Philile Mbatha will present. The events are designed to disseminate the finds in the field of transdisciplinary methods through its program Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance, as well as in the field of deep-sea research (Hub research program 4 - RP4), as part of its Decade Action mandate in relation to the Decade's Challenger 150 research program. In its capacity of Decade Implementing Partner (Transdisciplinary Toolbox), the Hub will deliver two knowledge sharing events within the UN Ocean Decade Conference in Barcelona in April 2024. On 9 April, the Hub will deliver a Satellite event entitled Introducing Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance. The satellite event "Introducing Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance" will be a three-tiered event consisting of a panel on the Hub's Ocean Knowledge Integration; a live performance and conversation on the Hub's art-based ocean research; and a dialogue forum on transformative ocean governance methods with the Marine Social Sciences Network and the University of Cardiff. Hub researchers Elisa Morgera, Nina Rivers, Milica Prokic (University of Strathclyde, UK), Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana), Elsemi Olwage (University of Namibia, Namibia), Dylan McGarry (Rhodes University, South Africa), and Mpume Mthombeni will be delivering this event's program. The satellite event regarding the Challenger 150 program will be delivered by Hub's researchers from the University of Plymouth will be delivering another satellite event, as a member project of Challenger 150. Programme. The Hub's work represented in this capacity will be Plymouth's deep-sea research. In addition to this, Nina Rivers will present a poster entitled 'Weaving it all together: Inter and transdisciplinary co-design of ocean science for a sustainable and equitable future- a case study from Ghana'. The presentation will take place between 10 and 12 April 2024, within the regular program of the Conference. The UN Ocean Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development's "Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance" is developed based on Hub's research, experience and practices. As part of the Hub's role as a Decade Implementation Partnership endorsed in October 2023, the proposed transdisciplinary toolbox for ocean knowledge co-production supporting just, inclusive, and sustainable ocean governance represents the Hub's original product, envisaged as a program applicable at the international level as well as to a variety of geographical contexts. The Toolbox is envisaged adaptable and applicable to the programs of various and diverse Decade's partners through guidance of how to make the best use of the programme. It will also benefit the programs focusing on sustainable development beyond the ocean context. Responding to Challenge 10 (to 'ensure that the multiple values and services of the ocean for human wellbeing, culture, and sustainable development are widely understood, and identify and overcome barriers to behaviour change required for a step change in humanity's relationship with the ocean'), the Toolbox takes a comprehensive and innovative approach to transdisciplinary knowledge, methodologies, and research findings. It builds on the Hub's expertise in integrated approaches to the implementation of human rights, environmental law and the law of the sea, on the basis of aligned evidence from the marine and social sciences and the arts. It draws from the comprehensive and still evolving array of innovative research methodologies, activities and findings co-developed by the Hub and discussed with various partners (including international NGOs and various bodies of the UN System). This collaboration also promotes gender equality. 85 per cent of Hub researchers who will be attending and presenting at Decade Conference in April 2024 are women. Hub's contributions to the Conference that is expected to be the largest gathering for the global ocean community in 2024 will also explore the varying the conditions of success for the Ocean Decade including inclusivity, equity and diversity across gender, generations and geographies. Hub's participation at the Decade Conference will also enable the Hub to share lessons learned and best practices on the importance of research co-development for sustainable development to Heads of State, leaders of UN agencies, industry and philanthropic leaders who will be present at the Conference.
Impact Peer-reviewed articles: M Lombard et al, 'Principles for Transformative Ocean Governance' (2023) Nature Sustainability https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-023-01210-9 Narayanaswamy B et al (2020). A blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea ocean decade field program. Frontiers in Marine Science https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861. Howell K et al. (2021). "A decade to study deep-sea life." Frontiers in Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01352-5. Howell K et al. (2021). "A Blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea Ocean Decade Field Program." Frontiers in Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861. McQuaid et.al. (2022). "Capacity development in the Ocean Decade and beyond: Key questions about meanings, motivations, pathways, and measurements" Earth System Governance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2022.100138. Jacob C, Diederichsen SD, Fullbrook L, Lombard AT, Rees SE, Rivers N, Snow B, Strand M, Zuercher R, Niner HJ. (2023). "A two-way process - Social capacity as a driver and outcome of equitable marine spatial planning." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105507. Strand M, Rivers N, Baasch R, Snow B. (2022). "Developing arts-based participatory research for more inclusive knowledge co-production in Algoa Bay." Current Research in Environmental Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsust.2022.100178. International recognition/endorsement: Endorsement of One Ocean Hub Research Programme 4 as the Ocean Decade Action in 2022 by the Secretariat of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. See the announcement here: https://oceandecade.org/actions/one-ocean-hub-research-programme-4/ and the endorsement letter from IOC UNESCO here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/b6gl0n9dtkeg39k7cabtdvgp26. One Ocean Hub has been invited by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO to be the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development Implementing Partner on transdisciplinary in November 2021. To see the evidence of the co-development of the Implementing Partner proposal between the Hub and IOC UNESCO from November 2021 until December 2022 see email exchanges here: https://oneoceanhub.glasscubes.com/share/s/njo8s3g69bb7f9as935jb0a8do Report: Sink K, McQuaid K, Atkinson L, Palmer R, Van der Heever G, Majied P, Loyiso D, Currie J, Adams R, Wahome M, Howell K, Paterson A. (2022). "Challenges and Solutions to develop capacity for Deep-sea Research and Management in South Africa." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-to-develop-capacity-for-deep-sea-research-and-management-in-south-africa/. Policy brief: One Ocean Hub Policy Brief: "How to enable transformative science during the International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development." (2021). Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief/. Blogposts: Febrica S. (2021). "Bringing transdiciplinarity in science-policy interface for ocean sustainability". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/bringing-transdiciplinarity-in-science-policy-interface-for-ocean-sustainability/. James A. (2021). "Reflections on engaged, transdisciplinary creative research practice." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflections-on-engaged-transdisciplinary-creative-research-practice/. McDonald L. (2021). "Artfully Sustaining the Sea." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/artfully-sustaining-the-sea/ Wahome, Hills and Morgera. (2021). "Towards transdisciplinarity - which route to take?". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take/ Wahome, Hills and Morgera. (2021). "Towards transdisciplinarity - which route to take? Part II." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-transdisciplinarity-which-route-to-take-part-ii/. Wynberg R, Dorrington R, Upton M, and Sink K. (2020). "Biodiscovery: Exploring the Science-Policy Interface in the One Ocean Hub". Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/biodiscovery-exploring-the-science-policy-interface-in-the-one-ocean-hub/. Maharaj P and Hills J. (2021). "The development of a transdiciplinary framewrok for sustainable and integrated ocean development in the Pacific." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-development-of-a-transdisciplinary-framework-for-sustainable-and-integrated-ocean-development-in-the-pacific/. Lavelle J. (2021). "Towards a community of practice for equitable and sustainable marine biodiversity in South Africa. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/towards-a-community-of-practice-for-equitable-and-sustainable-marine-biodiscovery-in-south-africa/. Febrica S. (2021). "Considering the Ocean and Transdiciplinary Research in the UK's International Development Strategy." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/considering-the-ocean-and-transdisciplinary-research-in-the-uks-international-development-strategy/. McDonald L. (2021). "Surfacing emotional connections with the sea: DEEP Fund Projects update." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/surfacing-emotional-connections-with-the-sea-deep-fund-projects-update/. Lavelle J. (2021) "New study on inclusive and equitable research and innovation in marine biodiscovery." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/new-study-on-inclusive-and-equitable-research-and-innovation-in-marine-biodiscovery/. One Ocean Hub (2024), WE LAUNCHED OUR UN DECADE IMPLEMENTING PARTNER PROGRAM 'TRANSDISCIPLINARY TOOLBOX FOR TRANSFORMATIVE OCEAN GOVERNANCE' AT THE UN OCEAN DECADE CONFERENCE IN APRIL 2024, https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-launched-its-un-decade-implementing-partner-program-transdisciplinary-toolbox-for-transformative-ocean-governance-at-the-un-ocean-decade-conference/ One Ocean Hub (2024), REFRAMING OCEAN LITERACY UNDER THE UN OCEAN SCIENCE DECADE, https://oneoceanhub.org/reframing-the-un-ocean-science-decades-challenge-on-humanitys-relationship-with-the-ocean/ One Ocean Hub (2024), HIGHLIGHTS AND CHALLENGES OF THE OCEAN DECADE CONFERENCE 2024 - THE BIGGEST OCEAN GATHERING OF THE YEAR, https://oneoceanhub.org/highlights-and-challenges-of-the-ocean-decade-conference-2024-the-biggest-ocean-gathering-of-the-year/ Events: UN Ocean Decade Conference (Barcelona) 9-12 April 2024 • The Hub organised a 2-hour Satellite Event (9th April, tbc) to launch its Transdisciplinary Toolbox for Transformative Ocean Governance that the Hub is developing as the Decade Implementing Partner. • Alongside this event, Hub researchers from the University of Plymouth delivered another Satellite Event, as a member project of Challenger 150. • In addition to the Satellite Events, Hub early-career researcher Nina Rivers (University of Strathclyde/Nelson Mandela University) presented a poster entitled 'Weaving it all together: Inter and transdisciplinary co-design of ocean science for a sustainable and equitable future - a case study from Ghana'.
Start Year 2021
 
Description Expanding Alliances to Support Small-Scale Fishers 
Organisation AKTEA
Country Netherlands 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution One Ocean Hub research and engagement activities have emphasised the importance to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fishers, fishworkers, and their communities to protect their human rights. Together with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub is bringing together human rights and environmental/fisheries organizations to support the protection of small-scale fishers' rights. Collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights began in April 2022 as part of our collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNOHCHR) (see entry "Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights Across Scales" under Collaborations). In June 2022, the Hub invited the Danish Institute to contribute to the joint High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights for the UN World Ocean Day that the Hub co-organised with FAO and UNOHCHR. See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6_o. This event advanced awareness of the need for a holistic approach to the protection of the human rights of small-scale fishers and fish workers, and to explore the different UN mandates that can contribute to better international support for small-scale fishers representatives and advocates. Building upon this event, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights further collaborated during the UN Ocean Conference on 27th June - 1st July 2022 in Lisbon, Portugal and the UN International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture Closing Celebration on 27th-31st March 2023 in Rome, Italy. These initiatives led to the co-development of a webinar series (launched in February 2023) to raise awareness among international and national human rights bodies on the need to protect the human rights of small-scale fishers. This has led to a new collaboration between the Hub, the Danish Institute and the team of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food on a global report on human rights and fisheries (to be published in late 2023) and a country visit in South Africa (to be confirmed in May 2023). In addition, the Hub and the Danish Institute may collaborate in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia in engaging the NHRIs into Hub research on small-scale fishers' rights. Furthermore, the Hub's growing collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights has led to joint planning of two events for the UN IYAFA closing celebration in March 2023 in Rome, Italy on further raising awareness of fisheries/environmental experts on the international and national human rights bodies that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, and on the need to ensure the protection of these rights in the context of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. On the latter, the Hub and the Danish Institute have published separately in 2022, with the Hub peer-reviewing the Danish Institute's reports, and the two organizations published a joint policy brief in late 2024 (a draft was released for comment before the IYAFA closing event in March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers). In late 2023, Hub Director Elisa Morgera was invited by the Danish Institute for Human Rights to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" (2-3 November 2023 Copenhagen, Denmark). The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/shedding-a-light-on-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers-complementarities-and-contrasts-between-the-un-declaration-on-peasants-rights-and-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/), fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices (https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/) to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies (https://oneoceanhub.org/changing-understandings-of-and-engagments-with-ocean-dependent-communities-empatheatre/) and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee (https://oneoceanhub.org/brainstorming-on-new-un-guidance-on-economic-social-and-cultural-rights-and-sustainable-development/). She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law (https://oneoceanhub.org/global-coalition-on-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-environment-of-which-the-hub-is-part-honoured-with-the-2023-un-human-rights-prize/), and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." The meeting allowed the Hub to provide inputs into the new research planning and fund-raising by the Danish Institute, which is keen to work with the Hub on joint initiatives as part of the Hub's legacy: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. At the Danish Institute workshop, the Hub was also able to explore new collaboration opportunities with the Network of the African National Human Rights Institutions, which will be explored in 2024. Finally, the Hub contributed to the call for evidence of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food (https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/2023/call-input-right-food-and-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries) for his next report on fisheries, which will be released in March 2024. In 2023, thanks to an introduction by the Danish Institute, NANHRI invited the Hub to contribute to 14 Biennial Conference on "Nurturing Responsible Business Conduct and Respect for Human Rights in Africa" (18-20 October 2023 in Accra, Ghana.) Dr Sulley Ibrahim, the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, presented empirical research findings of relevance to business in the context of the triple threat of climate change, marine litter and the depletion of fish stock due to overfishing and illicit fishing: https://oneoceanhub.org/clarifying-business-responsibility-to-respect-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-ocean/. In 2024, Hub research findings were included in the report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, focused on fisheries and the right to food in the context of climate change (A/HRC/55/49), with a focus on the advancement of the human rights of small-scale fishers and Indigenous Peoples. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Durban University of Technology, South Africa • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in Global South: • partner organisations based in the Global North: United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organisation, Italy; United Nations Institute for Training and Research, Switzerland; World Wide Fund for Nature The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Government of Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Africa; Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda, Uganda; Hen Mpoano, Ghana; COAST Foundation, Bangladesh; African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA); Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), Kenya; Locally-Managed Marine Area (LMMA) network, Fiji • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Danish Institute for Human Rights, Denmark; Government of Sweden, Sweden; Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Switzerland; International Ocean Institute (IOI), Malta; Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), Fiji; Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, Washington; Association of Commonwealth Universities, UK; Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Sweden; Women in Ocean Science, UK; Commonwealth Blue Charter, UK; Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Belgium; Bread for the World Institute, US; Low Impact Fishers of Europe, Belgium; AKTEA Women in Fisheries, Italy; Blue Ventures, UK.
Collaborator Contribution Since April 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights and the One Ocean Hub have collaborated on sharing findings on small-scale fisheries and human rights research and develop capacity-building approaches, particularly through the Danish Institute's collaboration with African National Human Rights Institutes and their strong links with the UN Working Group on Business and Human Rights and the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub are collaborating in research on small-scale fishers' human rights in Ghana and on the issue of fisheries subsidies. The Danish Institute for Human Rights has worked with the Ministry of Justice of Ghana, the National Human rights Commission, and the same NGO that one of the Hub's partner in Ghana, the University of Cape Coast, is work with namely the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). Drawing from the Danish Institute for Human Rights engagement with these stakeholders in Ghana and their long-standing work on integrating human rights in environment impact assessment in fisheries sector, the Danish Institute for Human Rights could support the Hub in developing the strategic environmental assessment and bringing together different ministries in Ghana to discuss reducing fishing efforts and protecting small-scale fishers' human rights. In 2022 and 2023, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights have collaborated to promote the human rights of small-scale fishers across three different international processes including the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022, the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022, and the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2023. At the Hub led High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Right for the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022. Ms Sille Stidsen, the Department Director of Human Rights and Development at the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), explained that the DIHR works as a national human rights institution, but also has an international mandate to support human rights institutions in other countries. The DIHR examined more than 200,000 recommendations from across international human rights bodies and procedures, and found out that not many (only 70) addressed the human rights of fishers in the context of fisheries management and conservation, with regard to: equality and non-discrimination, often in relation to government's allocation of fishing quotas (e.g., Iceland, South Africa, Morocco and Myanmar); the right to an adequate standard of living, dealing with the deprivation of local fishing communities of means of subsistence (e.g., Senegal and Djibouti); the right to a healthy environment in relation to marine environmental pollution, climate change affecting fishing communities dependent on marine resources (e.g., Nigeria and Madagascar); the rights of indigenous peoples with respect to access to fishing grounds (e.g., Norway, Mexico and South Africa); and special measures to secure fishing-dependent and marginalized communities access to marine resources and markets (e.g., Philippines, Indonesia and Maldives). At the event Ms Stidsen noted that it is important to give more focus on small-scale fishers in UN human rights monitoring mechanisms, ensure capacity-building for institutions working on human rights and small-scale fisheries, related data-sharing and reporting at national and international levels, file complaints regarding human rights violations to national and international human rights monitoring bodies. The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues held a session in April 2022, which resulted in the recommendation addressed to FAO to prepare a study on the impacts of industrial fishing on the rights of Indigenous Peoples regarding traditional fishing; and to FAO and the International Labour Organization (ILO) to conduct a study on human rights violations suffered by Indigenous Peoples in the fishing sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights was one of the co-organisers of the side-event titled 'The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28th June 2023. Their contribution to the Hub-led side event focused on guidance on business due diligence and environmental impact assessment. Ms Tulika Bansal shared key findings from a recent sector-wide assessment of Chile's salmon industry on the human right impacts on workers, communities, including indigenous and small-scale fishers, and other rights-holders that the Danish Institute for Human Rights has carried out: • Independent research is lacking on human rights impacts of businesses in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors; • Existing research tends to focus on environmental impacts, less on social and human rights dimensions; • Interdisciplinary teams are lacking to assess human rights closely from environmental, social and health disciplines; • There is lack of expertise on human rights by those working in the sectors, both states and companies, but also auditors (e.g. in certification). • She concluded that there is a pressing need to enhance research and collaboration to better assess, document and most importantly, address the human rights impacts in fisheries and aquaculture. The Danish Institute for Human Rights also invited the Hub to support their event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022. The event highlighted that strategies for strengthening ocean-based economies must be aligned with human rights standards and take adequate considerations towards population groups, including women, dependent on coastal ecosystems and marine resources. This entails following a gender sensitive and human rights-based approach to policy and programme development - and aligning business activities and the States' regulation of the private sector with the UN Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights. The event was co-organised by 14 other organisations that are actively working to advance protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. These include the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation (SSNC), Women in Ocean Science, the Commonwealth Blue Charter, COAST Foundation, the African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA), Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Bread for the World, Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), LMMA network, Low Impact Fishers of Europe (LIFE) and AKTEA, Blue Ventures, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and the Government of Sweden. Also during the UN Ocean Conference, the Hub invited the Danish Institute for Human Rights to United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)-led side-event titled 'From Ocean Knowledge to Action: Developing Capacity to Create a Sustainable Ocean Economy' on 30 June 2022 that was co-organised with One Ocean Hub, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and the International Ocean Institute (IOI) to launch One Ocean Learn (https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/). The Hub and the Green Development and Climate Change Programme Unit of UNITAR have been working over the past three years to create the One Ocean Learn, an innovative online platform which aims to support global capacity building by translating ocean knowledge into action-oriented learning for activists, communities, development practitioners, policymakers and researchers on the ways in which global, national and local communities depend on and relate to the ocean, coastal areas and marine life (https://oneoceanhub.org/launching-the-one-ocean-learn-knowledge-translation-platform/). The focus is on connecting knowledge across different sources and enhance capacities to use integrated knowledge to contribute towards more sustainable decisions on the ocean. The Hub and UNITAR are exploring the potential to link the Danish Institute for Human Rights's database on fisheries and human rights to One Ocean Learn based on the idea of developing an 'ocean and human rights platform'. In the run up to the IYAFA Closing Celebration in Rome in March 2023, the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub, and the UNOHCHR co-organised Dialogue series on fisheries and human rights composed of two online webinars on exploring how NHRIs and international human rights mechanisms are addressing human rights issues in fishing communities on 1st and 2nd February 2023. The Dialogue series was primarily targeting national human rights institutions, the international human rights mechanisms, and key national, regional, and global civil society organisations working on fisheries and human rights. The series explored how national and international human rights actors are using their respective mandates to promote and protect the rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities. The ambition of the dialogue was to better understand current engagement and to explore opportunities for deepening their engagement and collaboration between the different actors. The first webinar of the series focused on the role of national human rights institutions (NHRIs) to address the human rights abuses and violations affecting small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The second webinar focused on protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms. Representatives from the international mechanisms shared examples of current advice and recommendations to states in relation to the human rights of small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The Dialogue Series brought together representatives of UN OHCHR, FAO, UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Michael Fakhri the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Dorothy Estrada-Tanck the Chair of the UN Working Group on Discrimination against Women and Girls, Hen Mpoano, NHRIs of the Philippines, Chile, South Africa and Colombia; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda; Legal Resources Centre, South Africa; and Hub researchers based at Durban University of Technology, South Africa and the University of Strathclyde, UK. In March 2023 the Hub collaborated with Danish Institute for Human Rights and FAO to co-organise three events as part of the IYAFA closing events in Rome, Italy: 1. An in-person or hybrid event on World Trade Organization (WTO) Fisheries Subsidies and Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights on 30th March 2023. The Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights wrote a joint policy brief on this theme based on Hub papers of fisheries subsidies and Danish Institute for Human Rights report on 'The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations' which the Hub has provided inputs (https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies), with invited participants from FAO, WTO and OECD among others. 2. Training event on accessing national and international human rights bodies on Small-Scale Fishers human rights for fisheries and environmental experts on 31st March 2023, with participation from the UNOHCHC, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food and the South African NHRI; 3. an in-person performance of empatheatre play Listen to the Sea at FAO HQs. Our contributions to the Danish Institute's planning process were incorporated in their report of the 2023 workshop, including the need for further work to: • clarify the minimum content of State conduct under international environmental law obligations, including from the perspective of Global North/South equity; • support systems thinking and capacity building (https://griffithlawjournal.org/index.php/gjlhd/article/view/1219) for more integrated approaches to the protection of human rights and the ocean at the outset, bringing together expertise from communities of practice that still operate quite separately (human health, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/human-health-depends-on-thriving-oceans/; marine ecosystem services, https://oneoceanhub.org/climate-change-ecosystem-services-in-areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction/ ); • address human rights under the "High Seas"/BBNJ Agreement (https://brill.com/view/journals/estu/38/3/article-p447_3.xml) on marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, and the importance of the human right to science in this connection; • identify new areas for research and solidarity action with ocean-dependent human rights holders, such as One Health (https://oneoceanhub.org/breaking-barriers-around-one-health/), the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/), the ocean-climate nexus (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/introduction-applying-a-human-rights-lens-to-the-ocean-climate-nexus/), the Global Biodiversity Framework (https://oneoceanhub.org/what-does-the-global-biodiversity-framework-and-other-2022-un-biodiversity-summit-outcomes-mean-for-the-ocean-and-ocean-research-part-1/; https://oneoceanhub.org/a-reflection-on-the-global-biodiversity-framework/), the plastics treaty under negotiations (https://oneoceanhub.org/providing-considerations-for-the-next-phase-of-the-plastics-treaty-negotiators/), and business and human rights (https://oneoceanhub.org/better-understanding-the-negative-impacts-of-international-investment-law-for-human-rights-and-the-environment/); and • develop a platform for further and deeper collaborations with the UN human rights bodies and national human rights institutions (https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/) to support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, including an online clinic. Danish Institute for Human Rights invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" on 2-3 November 2023 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers, fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee. She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law, and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." In her remarks, Elisa underscored the role of the human right to a healthy environment, including children's human right to a healthy environment. Read detailed summary of Elisa Morgera key messages delivered during the event in this blogpost: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. This collaboration has had demonstrable positive policy impacts. The Hub, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the FAO worked closely in raising awareness of small-scale fishers' human rights during IYAFA and planning for the IYAFA Closing. The side-events and policy brief co-developed by the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights titled "The implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" sparked dialogue on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries during IYAFA Closing in 2023 among diverse stakeholders including policy makers, civil society, and representatives of international organisations. Hub and partner organisations that are part of this collaboration are strategising to bring findings from our research on human rights and small-scale fisheries and share good practices and methodologies at the next Small-Scale Fisheries Summit that will take place in July 2024. In addition, Hub research findings were included in the 2024 report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, This collaboration also brought societal impacts. All the events co-organised as part of this collaboration provided capacity building and training to a total of 823 small-scale fishers, representatives of national human rights institutions in the Global South, and civil society on national and international human rights mechanisms that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. This collaboration has also advanced gender equality. It is estimated that over 50 per cent of attendees across these events were women. This speaks to both the interest and need of capacity building for women in small-scale fisheries sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in 2022, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub specifically co-developed a side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' that was held on 1 July 2022 in Lisbon to raise awareness on women's human rights in fisheries. The event presented innovative tools and resources that enable users to identify the human rights dimension of fisheries governance, and devise strategies to enhance sustainability of the sector, while simultaneously enhancing the development and dignity of fishing-dependent marginalised population groups such as local communities, Indigenous peoples, and workers in all parts of the sector's value chain. Gender perspective was also considered across all the outcomes generated from this collaboration including publications and events.
Impact Peer-reviewed journal articles • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. Policy Brief • Morgera E, Switzer S, Lennan M, Webster E and Bansal T. (2023) "Policy brief: the implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers • One Ocean Hub. (2022). "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/IYAFA-Spreadsheet-Key-messages_2022.06.21.pdf. • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, One Ocean Hub, and the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2022). "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals." Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf Blogposts and impact story Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). Impact stories: Research and action across scales: protecting the human rights, livelihoods, and culture of small-scale fishers. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/imapct-story-research-and-action-across-scales/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "What we learnt at the closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/what-we-learnt-at-the-closing-of-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries-and-aquaculture/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "One Ocean Hub events in Rome for the Closing of IYAFA." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/one-ocean-hub-events-in-rome-for-the-closing-of-iyafa/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Exploring the way forward from IYAFA on small-scale fishers' human rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-way-forward-from-iyafa-on-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ Morgera E. (2022). "Celebrating our progress towards transformative change in 2022." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/celebrating-our-progress-towards-transformative-change-in-2022/. Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. Morgera E. (2022). "Reflecting on the UN Ocean Conference and the need to scale up ocean action for the transformative ocean governance we all need." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-the-un-ocean-conference-and-the-need-to-scale-up-ocean-action-for-the-transformative-ocean-governance-we-all-need/. Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. One Ocean Hub (2024), HUB RESEARCH INCLUDED IN UN SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR'S REPORT ON RIGHT TO FOOD, FISHERIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE, https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-research-included-in-un-special-rapporteurs-report-on-right-to-food-fisheries-and-climate-change/ Report • Danish Institute for Human Rights report on "The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations." Available from https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies. Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. UN World Oceans Day High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants.
Start Year 2022
 
Description Expanding Alliances to Support Small-Scale Fishers 
Organisation African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations
Country Senegal 
Sector Private 
PI Contribution One Ocean Hub research and engagement activities have emphasised the importance to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fishers, fishworkers, and their communities to protect their human rights. Together with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub is bringing together human rights and environmental/fisheries organizations to support the protection of small-scale fishers' rights. Collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights began in April 2022 as part of our collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNOHCHR) (see entry "Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights Across Scales" under Collaborations). In June 2022, the Hub invited the Danish Institute to contribute to the joint High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights for the UN World Ocean Day that the Hub co-organised with FAO and UNOHCHR. See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6_o. This event advanced awareness of the need for a holistic approach to the protection of the human rights of small-scale fishers and fish workers, and to explore the different UN mandates that can contribute to better international support for small-scale fishers representatives and advocates. Building upon this event, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights further collaborated during the UN Ocean Conference on 27th June - 1st July 2022 in Lisbon, Portugal and the UN International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture Closing Celebration on 27th-31st March 2023 in Rome, Italy. These initiatives led to the co-development of a webinar series (launched in February 2023) to raise awareness among international and national human rights bodies on the need to protect the human rights of small-scale fishers. This has led to a new collaboration between the Hub, the Danish Institute and the team of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food on a global report on human rights and fisheries (to be published in late 2023) and a country visit in South Africa (to be confirmed in May 2023). In addition, the Hub and the Danish Institute may collaborate in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia in engaging the NHRIs into Hub research on small-scale fishers' rights. Furthermore, the Hub's growing collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights has led to joint planning of two events for the UN IYAFA closing celebration in March 2023 in Rome, Italy on further raising awareness of fisheries/environmental experts on the international and national human rights bodies that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, and on the need to ensure the protection of these rights in the context of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. On the latter, the Hub and the Danish Institute have published separately in 2022, with the Hub peer-reviewing the Danish Institute's reports, and the two organizations published a joint policy brief in late 2024 (a draft was released for comment before the IYAFA closing event in March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers). In late 2023, Hub Director Elisa Morgera was invited by the Danish Institute for Human Rights to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" (2-3 November 2023 Copenhagen, Denmark). The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/shedding-a-light-on-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers-complementarities-and-contrasts-between-the-un-declaration-on-peasants-rights-and-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/), fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices (https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/) to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies (https://oneoceanhub.org/changing-understandings-of-and-engagments-with-ocean-dependent-communities-empatheatre/) and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee (https://oneoceanhub.org/brainstorming-on-new-un-guidance-on-economic-social-and-cultural-rights-and-sustainable-development/). She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law (https://oneoceanhub.org/global-coalition-on-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-environment-of-which-the-hub-is-part-honoured-with-the-2023-un-human-rights-prize/), and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." The meeting allowed the Hub to provide inputs into the new research planning and fund-raising by the Danish Institute, which is keen to work with the Hub on joint initiatives as part of the Hub's legacy: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. At the Danish Institute workshop, the Hub was also able to explore new collaboration opportunities with the Network of the African National Human Rights Institutions, which will be explored in 2024. Finally, the Hub contributed to the call for evidence of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food (https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/2023/call-input-right-food-and-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries) for his next report on fisheries, which will be released in March 2024. In 2023, thanks to an introduction by the Danish Institute, NANHRI invited the Hub to contribute to 14 Biennial Conference on "Nurturing Responsible Business Conduct and Respect for Human Rights in Africa" (18-20 October 2023 in Accra, Ghana.) Dr Sulley Ibrahim, the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, presented empirical research findings of relevance to business in the context of the triple threat of climate change, marine litter and the depletion of fish stock due to overfishing and illicit fishing: https://oneoceanhub.org/clarifying-business-responsibility-to-respect-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-ocean/. In 2024, Hub research findings were included in the report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, focused on fisheries and the right to food in the context of climate change (A/HRC/55/49), with a focus on the advancement of the human rights of small-scale fishers and Indigenous Peoples. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Durban University of Technology, South Africa • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in Global South: • partner organisations based in the Global North: United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organisation, Italy; United Nations Institute for Training and Research, Switzerland; World Wide Fund for Nature The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Government of Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Africa; Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda, Uganda; Hen Mpoano, Ghana; COAST Foundation, Bangladesh; African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA); Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), Kenya; Locally-Managed Marine Area (LMMA) network, Fiji • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Danish Institute for Human Rights, Denmark; Government of Sweden, Sweden; Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Switzerland; International Ocean Institute (IOI), Malta; Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), Fiji; Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, Washington; Association of Commonwealth Universities, UK; Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Sweden; Women in Ocean Science, UK; Commonwealth Blue Charter, UK; Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Belgium; Bread for the World Institute, US; Low Impact Fishers of Europe, Belgium; AKTEA Women in Fisheries, Italy; Blue Ventures, UK.
Collaborator Contribution Since April 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights and the One Ocean Hub have collaborated on sharing findings on small-scale fisheries and human rights research and develop capacity-building approaches, particularly through the Danish Institute's collaboration with African National Human Rights Institutes and their strong links with the UN Working Group on Business and Human Rights and the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub are collaborating in research on small-scale fishers' human rights in Ghana and on the issue of fisheries subsidies. The Danish Institute for Human Rights has worked with the Ministry of Justice of Ghana, the National Human rights Commission, and the same NGO that one of the Hub's partner in Ghana, the University of Cape Coast, is work with namely the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). Drawing from the Danish Institute for Human Rights engagement with these stakeholders in Ghana and their long-standing work on integrating human rights in environment impact assessment in fisheries sector, the Danish Institute for Human Rights could support the Hub in developing the strategic environmental assessment and bringing together different ministries in Ghana to discuss reducing fishing efforts and protecting small-scale fishers' human rights. In 2022 and 2023, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights have collaborated to promote the human rights of small-scale fishers across three different international processes including the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022, the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022, and the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2023. At the Hub led High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Right for the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022. Ms Sille Stidsen, the Department Director of Human Rights and Development at the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), explained that the DIHR works as a national human rights institution, but also has an international mandate to support human rights institutions in other countries. The DIHR examined more than 200,000 recommendations from across international human rights bodies and procedures, and found out that not many (only 70) addressed the human rights of fishers in the context of fisheries management and conservation, with regard to: equality and non-discrimination, often in relation to government's allocation of fishing quotas (e.g., Iceland, South Africa, Morocco and Myanmar); the right to an adequate standard of living, dealing with the deprivation of local fishing communities of means of subsistence (e.g., Senegal and Djibouti); the right to a healthy environment in relation to marine environmental pollution, climate change affecting fishing communities dependent on marine resources (e.g., Nigeria and Madagascar); the rights of indigenous peoples with respect to access to fishing grounds (e.g., Norway, Mexico and South Africa); and special measures to secure fishing-dependent and marginalized communities access to marine resources and markets (e.g., Philippines, Indonesia and Maldives). At the event Ms Stidsen noted that it is important to give more focus on small-scale fishers in UN human rights monitoring mechanisms, ensure capacity-building for institutions working on human rights and small-scale fisheries, related data-sharing and reporting at national and international levels, file complaints regarding human rights violations to national and international human rights monitoring bodies. The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues held a session in April 2022, which resulted in the recommendation addressed to FAO to prepare a study on the impacts of industrial fishing on the rights of Indigenous Peoples regarding traditional fishing; and to FAO and the International Labour Organization (ILO) to conduct a study on human rights violations suffered by Indigenous Peoples in the fishing sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights was one of the co-organisers of the side-event titled 'The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28th June 2023. Their contribution to the Hub-led side event focused on guidance on business due diligence and environmental impact assessment. Ms Tulika Bansal shared key findings from a recent sector-wide assessment of Chile's salmon industry on the human right impacts on workers, communities, including indigenous and small-scale fishers, and other rights-holders that the Danish Institute for Human Rights has carried out: • Independent research is lacking on human rights impacts of businesses in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors; • Existing research tends to focus on environmental impacts, less on social and human rights dimensions; • Interdisciplinary teams are lacking to assess human rights closely from environmental, social and health disciplines; • There is lack of expertise on human rights by those working in the sectors, both states and companies, but also auditors (e.g. in certification). • She concluded that there is a pressing need to enhance research and collaboration to better assess, document and most importantly, address the human rights impacts in fisheries and aquaculture. The Danish Institute for Human Rights also invited the Hub to support their event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022. The event highlighted that strategies for strengthening ocean-based economies must be aligned with human rights standards and take adequate considerations towards population groups, including women, dependent on coastal ecosystems and marine resources. This entails following a gender sensitive and human rights-based approach to policy and programme development - and aligning business activities and the States' regulation of the private sector with the UN Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights. The event was co-organised by 14 other organisations that are actively working to advance protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. These include the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation (SSNC), Women in Ocean Science, the Commonwealth Blue Charter, COAST Foundation, the African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA), Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Bread for the World, Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), LMMA network, Low Impact Fishers of Europe (LIFE) and AKTEA, Blue Ventures, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and the Government of Sweden. Also during the UN Ocean Conference, the Hub invited the Danish Institute for Human Rights to United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)-led side-event titled 'From Ocean Knowledge to Action: Developing Capacity to Create a Sustainable Ocean Economy' on 30 June 2022 that was co-organised with One Ocean Hub, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and the International Ocean Institute (IOI) to launch One Ocean Learn (https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/). The Hub and the Green Development and Climate Change Programme Unit of UNITAR have been working over the past three years to create the One Ocean Learn, an innovative online platform which aims to support global capacity building by translating ocean knowledge into action-oriented learning for activists, communities, development practitioners, policymakers and researchers on the ways in which global, national and local communities depend on and relate to the ocean, coastal areas and marine life (https://oneoceanhub.org/launching-the-one-ocean-learn-knowledge-translation-platform/). The focus is on connecting knowledge across different sources and enhance capacities to use integrated knowledge to contribute towards more sustainable decisions on the ocean. The Hub and UNITAR are exploring the potential to link the Danish Institute for Human Rights's database on fisheries and human rights to One Ocean Learn based on the idea of developing an 'ocean and human rights platform'. In the run up to the IYAFA Closing Celebration in Rome in March 2023, the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub, and the UNOHCHR co-organised Dialogue series on fisheries and human rights composed of two online webinars on exploring how NHRIs and international human rights mechanisms are addressing human rights issues in fishing communities on 1st and 2nd February 2023. The Dialogue series was primarily targeting national human rights institutions, the international human rights mechanisms, and key national, regional, and global civil society organisations working on fisheries and human rights. The series explored how national and international human rights actors are using their respective mandates to promote and protect the rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities. The ambition of the dialogue was to better understand current engagement and to explore opportunities for deepening their engagement and collaboration between the different actors. The first webinar of the series focused on the role of national human rights institutions (NHRIs) to address the human rights abuses and violations affecting small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The second webinar focused on protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms. Representatives from the international mechanisms shared examples of current advice and recommendations to states in relation to the human rights of small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The Dialogue Series brought together representatives of UN OHCHR, FAO, UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Michael Fakhri the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Dorothy Estrada-Tanck the Chair of the UN Working Group on Discrimination against Women and Girls, Hen Mpoano, NHRIs of the Philippines, Chile, South Africa and Colombia; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda; Legal Resources Centre, South Africa; and Hub researchers based at Durban University of Technology, South Africa and the University of Strathclyde, UK. In March 2023 the Hub collaborated with Danish Institute for Human Rights and FAO to co-organise three events as part of the IYAFA closing events in Rome, Italy: 1. An in-person or hybrid event on World Trade Organization (WTO) Fisheries Subsidies and Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights on 30th March 2023. The Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights wrote a joint policy brief on this theme based on Hub papers of fisheries subsidies and Danish Institute for Human Rights report on 'The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations' which the Hub has provided inputs (https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies), with invited participants from FAO, WTO and OECD among others. 2. Training event on accessing national and international human rights bodies on Small-Scale Fishers human rights for fisheries and environmental experts on 31st March 2023, with participation from the UNOHCHC, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food and the South African NHRI; 3. an in-person performance of empatheatre play Listen to the Sea at FAO HQs. Our contributions to the Danish Institute's planning process were incorporated in their report of the 2023 workshop, including the need for further work to: • clarify the minimum content of State conduct under international environmental law obligations, including from the perspective of Global North/South equity; • support systems thinking and capacity building (https://griffithlawjournal.org/index.php/gjlhd/article/view/1219) for more integrated approaches to the protection of human rights and the ocean at the outset, bringing together expertise from communities of practice that still operate quite separately (human health, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/human-health-depends-on-thriving-oceans/; marine ecosystem services, https://oneoceanhub.org/climate-change-ecosystem-services-in-areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction/ ); • address human rights under the "High Seas"/BBNJ Agreement (https://brill.com/view/journals/estu/38/3/article-p447_3.xml) on marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, and the importance of the human right to science in this connection; • identify new areas for research and solidarity action with ocean-dependent human rights holders, such as One Health (https://oneoceanhub.org/breaking-barriers-around-one-health/), the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/), the ocean-climate nexus (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/introduction-applying-a-human-rights-lens-to-the-ocean-climate-nexus/), the Global Biodiversity Framework (https://oneoceanhub.org/what-does-the-global-biodiversity-framework-and-other-2022-un-biodiversity-summit-outcomes-mean-for-the-ocean-and-ocean-research-part-1/; https://oneoceanhub.org/a-reflection-on-the-global-biodiversity-framework/), the plastics treaty under negotiations (https://oneoceanhub.org/providing-considerations-for-the-next-phase-of-the-plastics-treaty-negotiators/), and business and human rights (https://oneoceanhub.org/better-understanding-the-negative-impacts-of-international-investment-law-for-human-rights-and-the-environment/); and • develop a platform for further and deeper collaborations with the UN human rights bodies and national human rights institutions (https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/) to support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, including an online clinic. Danish Institute for Human Rights invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" on 2-3 November 2023 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers, fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee. She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law, and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." In her remarks, Elisa underscored the role of the human right to a healthy environment, including children's human right to a healthy environment. Read detailed summary of Elisa Morgera key messages delivered during the event in this blogpost: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. This collaboration has had demonstrable positive policy impacts. The Hub, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the FAO worked closely in raising awareness of small-scale fishers' human rights during IYAFA and planning for the IYAFA Closing. The side-events and policy brief co-developed by the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights titled "The implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" sparked dialogue on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries during IYAFA Closing in 2023 among diverse stakeholders including policy makers, civil society, and representatives of international organisations. Hub and partner organisations that are part of this collaboration are strategising to bring findings from our research on human rights and small-scale fisheries and share good practices and methodologies at the next Small-Scale Fisheries Summit that will take place in July 2024. In addition, Hub research findings were included in the 2024 report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, This collaboration also brought societal impacts. All the events co-organised as part of this collaboration provided capacity building and training to a total of 823 small-scale fishers, representatives of national human rights institutions in the Global South, and civil society on national and international human rights mechanisms that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. This collaboration has also advanced gender equality. It is estimated that over 50 per cent of attendees across these events were women. This speaks to both the interest and need of capacity building for women in small-scale fisheries sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in 2022, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub specifically co-developed a side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' that was held on 1 July 2022 in Lisbon to raise awareness on women's human rights in fisheries. The event presented innovative tools and resources that enable users to identify the human rights dimension of fisheries governance, and devise strategies to enhance sustainability of the sector, while simultaneously enhancing the development and dignity of fishing-dependent marginalised population groups such as local communities, Indigenous peoples, and workers in all parts of the sector's value chain. Gender perspective was also considered across all the outcomes generated from this collaboration including publications and events.
Impact Peer-reviewed journal articles • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. Policy Brief • Morgera E, Switzer S, Lennan M, Webster E and Bansal T. (2023) "Policy brief: the implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers • One Ocean Hub. (2022). "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/IYAFA-Spreadsheet-Key-messages_2022.06.21.pdf. • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, One Ocean Hub, and the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2022). "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals." Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf Blogposts and impact story Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). Impact stories: Research and action across scales: protecting the human rights, livelihoods, and culture of small-scale fishers. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/imapct-story-research-and-action-across-scales/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "What we learnt at the closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/what-we-learnt-at-the-closing-of-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries-and-aquaculture/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "One Ocean Hub events in Rome for the Closing of IYAFA." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/one-ocean-hub-events-in-rome-for-the-closing-of-iyafa/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Exploring the way forward from IYAFA on small-scale fishers' human rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-way-forward-from-iyafa-on-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ Morgera E. (2022). "Celebrating our progress towards transformative change in 2022." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/celebrating-our-progress-towards-transformative-change-in-2022/. Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. Morgera E. (2022). "Reflecting on the UN Ocean Conference and the need to scale up ocean action for the transformative ocean governance we all need." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-the-un-ocean-conference-and-the-need-to-scale-up-ocean-action-for-the-transformative-ocean-governance-we-all-need/. Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. One Ocean Hub (2024), HUB RESEARCH INCLUDED IN UN SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR'S REPORT ON RIGHT TO FOOD, FISHERIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE, https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-research-included-in-un-special-rapporteurs-report-on-right-to-food-fisheries-and-climate-change/ Report • Danish Institute for Human Rights report on "The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations." Available from https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies. Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. UN World Oceans Day High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants.
Start Year 2022
 
Description Expanding Alliances to Support Small-Scale Fishers 
Organisation Association of Commonwealth Universities
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution One Ocean Hub research and engagement activities have emphasised the importance to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fishers, fishworkers, and their communities to protect their human rights. Together with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub is bringing together human rights and environmental/fisheries organizations to support the protection of small-scale fishers' rights. Collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights began in April 2022 as part of our collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNOHCHR) (see entry "Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights Across Scales" under Collaborations). In June 2022, the Hub invited the Danish Institute to contribute to the joint High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights for the UN World Ocean Day that the Hub co-organised with FAO and UNOHCHR. See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6_o. This event advanced awareness of the need for a holistic approach to the protection of the human rights of small-scale fishers and fish workers, and to explore the different UN mandates that can contribute to better international support for small-scale fishers representatives and advocates. Building upon this event, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights further collaborated during the UN Ocean Conference on 27th June - 1st July 2022 in Lisbon, Portugal and the UN International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture Closing Celebration on 27th-31st March 2023 in Rome, Italy. These initiatives led to the co-development of a webinar series (launched in February 2023) to raise awareness among international and national human rights bodies on the need to protect the human rights of small-scale fishers. This has led to a new collaboration between the Hub, the Danish Institute and the team of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food on a global report on human rights and fisheries (to be published in late 2023) and a country visit in South Africa (to be confirmed in May 2023). In addition, the Hub and the Danish Institute may collaborate in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia in engaging the NHRIs into Hub research on small-scale fishers' rights. Furthermore, the Hub's growing collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights has led to joint planning of two events for the UN IYAFA closing celebration in March 2023 in Rome, Italy on further raising awareness of fisheries/environmental experts on the international and national human rights bodies that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, and on the need to ensure the protection of these rights in the context of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. On the latter, the Hub and the Danish Institute have published separately in 2022, with the Hub peer-reviewing the Danish Institute's reports, and the two organizations published a joint policy brief in late 2024 (a draft was released for comment before the IYAFA closing event in March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers). In late 2023, Hub Director Elisa Morgera was invited by the Danish Institute for Human Rights to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" (2-3 November 2023 Copenhagen, Denmark). The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/shedding-a-light-on-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers-complementarities-and-contrasts-between-the-un-declaration-on-peasants-rights-and-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/), fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices (https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/) to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies (https://oneoceanhub.org/changing-understandings-of-and-engagments-with-ocean-dependent-communities-empatheatre/) and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee (https://oneoceanhub.org/brainstorming-on-new-un-guidance-on-economic-social-and-cultural-rights-and-sustainable-development/). She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law (https://oneoceanhub.org/global-coalition-on-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-environment-of-which-the-hub-is-part-honoured-with-the-2023-un-human-rights-prize/), and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." The meeting allowed the Hub to provide inputs into the new research planning and fund-raising by the Danish Institute, which is keen to work with the Hub on joint initiatives as part of the Hub's legacy: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. At the Danish Institute workshop, the Hub was also able to explore new collaboration opportunities with the Network of the African National Human Rights Institutions, which will be explored in 2024. Finally, the Hub contributed to the call for evidence of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food (https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/2023/call-input-right-food-and-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries) for his next report on fisheries, which will be released in March 2024. In 2023, thanks to an introduction by the Danish Institute, NANHRI invited the Hub to contribute to 14 Biennial Conference on "Nurturing Responsible Business Conduct and Respect for Human Rights in Africa" (18-20 October 2023 in Accra, Ghana.) Dr Sulley Ibrahim, the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, presented empirical research findings of relevance to business in the context of the triple threat of climate change, marine litter and the depletion of fish stock due to overfishing and illicit fishing: https://oneoceanhub.org/clarifying-business-responsibility-to-respect-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-ocean/. In 2024, Hub research findings were included in the report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, focused on fisheries and the right to food in the context of climate change (A/HRC/55/49), with a focus on the advancement of the human rights of small-scale fishers and Indigenous Peoples. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Durban University of Technology, South Africa • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in Global South: • partner organisations based in the Global North: United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organisation, Italy; United Nations Institute for Training and Research, Switzerland; World Wide Fund for Nature The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Government of Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Africa; Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda, Uganda; Hen Mpoano, Ghana; COAST Foundation, Bangladesh; African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA); Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), Kenya; Locally-Managed Marine Area (LMMA) network, Fiji • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Danish Institute for Human Rights, Denmark; Government of Sweden, Sweden; Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Switzerland; International Ocean Institute (IOI), Malta; Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), Fiji; Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, Washington; Association of Commonwealth Universities, UK; Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Sweden; Women in Ocean Science, UK; Commonwealth Blue Charter, UK; Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Belgium; Bread for the World Institute, US; Low Impact Fishers of Europe, Belgium; AKTEA Women in Fisheries, Italy; Blue Ventures, UK.
Collaborator Contribution Since April 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights and the One Ocean Hub have collaborated on sharing findings on small-scale fisheries and human rights research and develop capacity-building approaches, particularly through the Danish Institute's collaboration with African National Human Rights Institutes and their strong links with the UN Working Group on Business and Human Rights and the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub are collaborating in research on small-scale fishers' human rights in Ghana and on the issue of fisheries subsidies. The Danish Institute for Human Rights has worked with the Ministry of Justice of Ghana, the National Human rights Commission, and the same NGO that one of the Hub's partner in Ghana, the University of Cape Coast, is work with namely the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). Drawing from the Danish Institute for Human Rights engagement with these stakeholders in Ghana and their long-standing work on integrating human rights in environment impact assessment in fisheries sector, the Danish Institute for Human Rights could support the Hub in developing the strategic environmental assessment and bringing together different ministries in Ghana to discuss reducing fishing efforts and protecting small-scale fishers' human rights. In 2022 and 2023, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights have collaborated to promote the human rights of small-scale fishers across three different international processes including the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022, the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022, and the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2023. At the Hub led High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Right for the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022. Ms Sille Stidsen, the Department Director of Human Rights and Development at the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), explained that the DIHR works as a national human rights institution, but also has an international mandate to support human rights institutions in other countries. The DIHR examined more than 200,000 recommendations from across international human rights bodies and procedures, and found out that not many (only 70) addressed the human rights of fishers in the context of fisheries management and conservation, with regard to: equality and non-discrimination, often in relation to government's allocation of fishing quotas (e.g., Iceland, South Africa, Morocco and Myanmar); the right to an adequate standard of living, dealing with the deprivation of local fishing communities of means of subsistence (e.g., Senegal and Djibouti); the right to a healthy environment in relation to marine environmental pollution, climate change affecting fishing communities dependent on marine resources (e.g., Nigeria and Madagascar); the rights of indigenous peoples with respect to access to fishing grounds (e.g., Norway, Mexico and South Africa); and special measures to secure fishing-dependent and marginalized communities access to marine resources and markets (e.g., Philippines, Indonesia and Maldives). At the event Ms Stidsen noted that it is important to give more focus on small-scale fishers in UN human rights monitoring mechanisms, ensure capacity-building for institutions working on human rights and small-scale fisheries, related data-sharing and reporting at national and international levels, file complaints regarding human rights violations to national and international human rights monitoring bodies. The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues held a session in April 2022, which resulted in the recommendation addressed to FAO to prepare a study on the impacts of industrial fishing on the rights of Indigenous Peoples regarding traditional fishing; and to FAO and the International Labour Organization (ILO) to conduct a study on human rights violations suffered by Indigenous Peoples in the fishing sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights was one of the co-organisers of the side-event titled 'The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28th June 2023. Their contribution to the Hub-led side event focused on guidance on business due diligence and environmental impact assessment. Ms Tulika Bansal shared key findings from a recent sector-wide assessment of Chile's salmon industry on the human right impacts on workers, communities, including indigenous and small-scale fishers, and other rights-holders that the Danish Institute for Human Rights has carried out: • Independent research is lacking on human rights impacts of businesses in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors; • Existing research tends to focus on environmental impacts, less on social and human rights dimensions; • Interdisciplinary teams are lacking to assess human rights closely from environmental, social and health disciplines; • There is lack of expertise on human rights by those working in the sectors, both states and companies, but also auditors (e.g. in certification). • She concluded that there is a pressing need to enhance research and collaboration to better assess, document and most importantly, address the human rights impacts in fisheries and aquaculture. The Danish Institute for Human Rights also invited the Hub to support their event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022. The event highlighted that strategies for strengthening ocean-based economies must be aligned with human rights standards and take adequate considerations towards population groups, including women, dependent on coastal ecosystems and marine resources. This entails following a gender sensitive and human rights-based approach to policy and programme development - and aligning business activities and the States' regulation of the private sector with the UN Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights. The event was co-organised by 14 other organisations that are actively working to advance protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. These include the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation (SSNC), Women in Ocean Science, the Commonwealth Blue Charter, COAST Foundation, the African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA), Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Bread for the World, Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), LMMA network, Low Impact Fishers of Europe (LIFE) and AKTEA, Blue Ventures, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and the Government of Sweden. Also during the UN Ocean Conference, the Hub invited the Danish Institute for Human Rights to United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)-led side-event titled 'From Ocean Knowledge to Action: Developing Capacity to Create a Sustainable Ocean Economy' on 30 June 2022 that was co-organised with One Ocean Hub, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and the International Ocean Institute (IOI) to launch One Ocean Learn (https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/). The Hub and the Green Development and Climate Change Programme Unit of UNITAR have been working over the past three years to create the One Ocean Learn, an innovative online platform which aims to support global capacity building by translating ocean knowledge into action-oriented learning for activists, communities, development practitioners, policymakers and researchers on the ways in which global, national and local communities depend on and relate to the ocean, coastal areas and marine life (https://oneoceanhub.org/launching-the-one-ocean-learn-knowledge-translation-platform/). The focus is on connecting knowledge across different sources and enhance capacities to use integrated knowledge to contribute towards more sustainable decisions on the ocean. The Hub and UNITAR are exploring the potential to link the Danish Institute for Human Rights's database on fisheries and human rights to One Ocean Learn based on the idea of developing an 'ocean and human rights platform'. In the run up to the IYAFA Closing Celebration in Rome in March 2023, the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub, and the UNOHCHR co-organised Dialogue series on fisheries and human rights composed of two online webinars on exploring how NHRIs and international human rights mechanisms are addressing human rights issues in fishing communities on 1st and 2nd February 2023. The Dialogue series was primarily targeting national human rights institutions, the international human rights mechanisms, and key national, regional, and global civil society organisations working on fisheries and human rights. The series explored how national and international human rights actors are using their respective mandates to promote and protect the rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities. The ambition of the dialogue was to better understand current engagement and to explore opportunities for deepening their engagement and collaboration between the different actors. The first webinar of the series focused on the role of national human rights institutions (NHRIs) to address the human rights abuses and violations affecting small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The second webinar focused on protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms. Representatives from the international mechanisms shared examples of current advice and recommendations to states in relation to the human rights of small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The Dialogue Series brought together representatives of UN OHCHR, FAO, UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Michael Fakhri the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Dorothy Estrada-Tanck the Chair of the UN Working Group on Discrimination against Women and Girls, Hen Mpoano, NHRIs of the Philippines, Chile, South Africa and Colombia; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda; Legal Resources Centre, South Africa; and Hub researchers based at Durban University of Technology, South Africa and the University of Strathclyde, UK. In March 2023 the Hub collaborated with Danish Institute for Human Rights and FAO to co-organise three events as part of the IYAFA closing events in Rome, Italy: 1. An in-person or hybrid event on World Trade Organization (WTO) Fisheries Subsidies and Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights on 30th March 2023. The Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights wrote a joint policy brief on this theme based on Hub papers of fisheries subsidies and Danish Institute for Human Rights report on 'The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations' which the Hub has provided inputs (https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies), with invited participants from FAO, WTO and OECD among others. 2. Training event on accessing national and international human rights bodies on Small-Scale Fishers human rights for fisheries and environmental experts on 31st March 2023, with participation from the UNOHCHC, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food and the South African NHRI; 3. an in-person performance of empatheatre play Listen to the Sea at FAO HQs. Our contributions to the Danish Institute's planning process were incorporated in their report of the 2023 workshop, including the need for further work to: • clarify the minimum content of State conduct under international environmental law obligations, including from the perspective of Global North/South equity; • support systems thinking and capacity building (https://griffithlawjournal.org/index.php/gjlhd/article/view/1219) for more integrated approaches to the protection of human rights and the ocean at the outset, bringing together expertise from communities of practice that still operate quite separately (human health, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/human-health-depends-on-thriving-oceans/; marine ecosystem services, https://oneoceanhub.org/climate-change-ecosystem-services-in-areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction/ ); • address human rights under the "High Seas"/BBNJ Agreement (https://brill.com/view/journals/estu/38/3/article-p447_3.xml) on marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, and the importance of the human right to science in this connection; • identify new areas for research and solidarity action with ocean-dependent human rights holders, such as One Health (https://oneoceanhub.org/breaking-barriers-around-one-health/), the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/), the ocean-climate nexus (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/introduction-applying-a-human-rights-lens-to-the-ocean-climate-nexus/), the Global Biodiversity Framework (https://oneoceanhub.org/what-does-the-global-biodiversity-framework-and-other-2022-un-biodiversity-summit-outcomes-mean-for-the-ocean-and-ocean-research-part-1/; https://oneoceanhub.org/a-reflection-on-the-global-biodiversity-framework/), the plastics treaty under negotiations (https://oneoceanhub.org/providing-considerations-for-the-next-phase-of-the-plastics-treaty-negotiators/), and business and human rights (https://oneoceanhub.org/better-understanding-the-negative-impacts-of-international-investment-law-for-human-rights-and-the-environment/); and • develop a platform for further and deeper collaborations with the UN human rights bodies and national human rights institutions (https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/) to support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, including an online clinic. Danish Institute for Human Rights invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" on 2-3 November 2023 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers, fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee. She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law, and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." In her remarks, Elisa underscored the role of the human right to a healthy environment, including children's human right to a healthy environment. Read detailed summary of Elisa Morgera key messages delivered during the event in this blogpost: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. This collaboration has had demonstrable positive policy impacts. The Hub, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the FAO worked closely in raising awareness of small-scale fishers' human rights during IYAFA and planning for the IYAFA Closing. The side-events and policy brief co-developed by the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights titled "The implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" sparked dialogue on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries during IYAFA Closing in 2023 among diverse stakeholders including policy makers, civil society, and representatives of international organisations. Hub and partner organisations that are part of this collaboration are strategising to bring findings from our research on human rights and small-scale fisheries and share good practices and methodologies at the next Small-Scale Fisheries Summit that will take place in July 2024. In addition, Hub research findings were included in the 2024 report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, This collaboration also brought societal impacts. All the events co-organised as part of this collaboration provided capacity building and training to a total of 823 small-scale fishers, representatives of national human rights institutions in the Global South, and civil society on national and international human rights mechanisms that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. This collaboration has also advanced gender equality. It is estimated that over 50 per cent of attendees across these events were women. This speaks to both the interest and need of capacity building for women in small-scale fisheries sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in 2022, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub specifically co-developed a side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' that was held on 1 July 2022 in Lisbon to raise awareness on women's human rights in fisheries. The event presented innovative tools and resources that enable users to identify the human rights dimension of fisheries governance, and devise strategies to enhance sustainability of the sector, while simultaneously enhancing the development and dignity of fishing-dependent marginalised population groups such as local communities, Indigenous peoples, and workers in all parts of the sector's value chain. Gender perspective was also considered across all the outcomes generated from this collaboration including publications and events.
Impact Peer-reviewed journal articles • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. Policy Brief • Morgera E, Switzer S, Lennan M, Webster E and Bansal T. (2023) "Policy brief: the implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers • One Ocean Hub. (2022). "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/IYAFA-Spreadsheet-Key-messages_2022.06.21.pdf. • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, One Ocean Hub, and the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2022). "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals." Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf Blogposts and impact story Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). Impact stories: Research and action across scales: protecting the human rights, livelihoods, and culture of small-scale fishers. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/imapct-story-research-and-action-across-scales/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "What we learnt at the closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/what-we-learnt-at-the-closing-of-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries-and-aquaculture/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "One Ocean Hub events in Rome for the Closing of IYAFA." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/one-ocean-hub-events-in-rome-for-the-closing-of-iyafa/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Exploring the way forward from IYAFA on small-scale fishers' human rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-way-forward-from-iyafa-on-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ Morgera E. (2022). "Celebrating our progress towards transformative change in 2022." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/celebrating-our-progress-towards-transformative-change-in-2022/. Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. Morgera E. (2022). "Reflecting on the UN Ocean Conference and the need to scale up ocean action for the transformative ocean governance we all need." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-the-un-ocean-conference-and-the-need-to-scale-up-ocean-action-for-the-transformative-ocean-governance-we-all-need/. Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. One Ocean Hub (2024), HUB RESEARCH INCLUDED IN UN SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR'S REPORT ON RIGHT TO FOOD, FISHERIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE, https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-research-included-in-un-special-rapporteurs-report-on-right-to-food-fisheries-and-climate-change/ Report • Danish Institute for Human Rights report on "The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations." Available from https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies. Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. UN World Oceans Day High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants.
Start Year 2022
 
Description Expanding Alliances to Support Small-Scale Fishers 
Organisation Blue Ventures
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution One Ocean Hub research and engagement activities have emphasised the importance to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fishers, fishworkers, and their communities to protect their human rights. Together with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub is bringing together human rights and environmental/fisheries organizations to support the protection of small-scale fishers' rights. Collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights began in April 2022 as part of our collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNOHCHR) (see entry "Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights Across Scales" under Collaborations). In June 2022, the Hub invited the Danish Institute to contribute to the joint High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights for the UN World Ocean Day that the Hub co-organised with FAO and UNOHCHR. See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6_o. This event advanced awareness of the need for a holistic approach to the protection of the human rights of small-scale fishers and fish workers, and to explore the different UN mandates that can contribute to better international support for small-scale fishers representatives and advocates. Building upon this event, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights further collaborated during the UN Ocean Conference on 27th June - 1st July 2022 in Lisbon, Portugal and the UN International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture Closing Celebration on 27th-31st March 2023 in Rome, Italy. These initiatives led to the co-development of a webinar series (launched in February 2023) to raise awareness among international and national human rights bodies on the need to protect the human rights of small-scale fishers. This has led to a new collaboration between the Hub, the Danish Institute and the team of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food on a global report on human rights and fisheries (to be published in late 2023) and a country visit in South Africa (to be confirmed in May 2023). In addition, the Hub and the Danish Institute may collaborate in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia in engaging the NHRIs into Hub research on small-scale fishers' rights. Furthermore, the Hub's growing collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights has led to joint planning of two events for the UN IYAFA closing celebration in March 2023 in Rome, Italy on further raising awareness of fisheries/environmental experts on the international and national human rights bodies that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, and on the need to ensure the protection of these rights in the context of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. On the latter, the Hub and the Danish Institute have published separately in 2022, with the Hub peer-reviewing the Danish Institute's reports, and the two organizations published a joint policy brief in late 2024 (a draft was released for comment before the IYAFA closing event in March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers). In late 2023, Hub Director Elisa Morgera was invited by the Danish Institute for Human Rights to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" (2-3 November 2023 Copenhagen, Denmark). The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/shedding-a-light-on-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers-complementarities-and-contrasts-between-the-un-declaration-on-peasants-rights-and-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/), fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices (https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/) to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies (https://oneoceanhub.org/changing-understandings-of-and-engagments-with-ocean-dependent-communities-empatheatre/) and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee (https://oneoceanhub.org/brainstorming-on-new-un-guidance-on-economic-social-and-cultural-rights-and-sustainable-development/). She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law (https://oneoceanhub.org/global-coalition-on-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-environment-of-which-the-hub-is-part-honoured-with-the-2023-un-human-rights-prize/), and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." The meeting allowed the Hub to provide inputs into the new research planning and fund-raising by the Danish Institute, which is keen to work with the Hub on joint initiatives as part of the Hub's legacy: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. At the Danish Institute workshop, the Hub was also able to explore new collaboration opportunities with the Network of the African National Human Rights Institutions, which will be explored in 2024. Finally, the Hub contributed to the call for evidence of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food (https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/2023/call-input-right-food-and-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries) for his next report on fisheries, which will be released in March 2024. In 2023, thanks to an introduction by the Danish Institute, NANHRI invited the Hub to contribute to 14 Biennial Conference on "Nurturing Responsible Business Conduct and Respect for Human Rights in Africa" (18-20 October 2023 in Accra, Ghana.) Dr Sulley Ibrahim, the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, presented empirical research findings of relevance to business in the context of the triple threat of climate change, marine litter and the depletion of fish stock due to overfishing and illicit fishing: https://oneoceanhub.org/clarifying-business-responsibility-to-respect-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-ocean/. In 2024, Hub research findings were included in the report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, focused on fisheries and the right to food in the context of climate change (A/HRC/55/49), with a focus on the advancement of the human rights of small-scale fishers and Indigenous Peoples. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Durban University of Technology, South Africa • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in Global South: • partner organisations based in the Global North: United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organisation, Italy; United Nations Institute for Training and Research, Switzerland; World Wide Fund for Nature The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Government of Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Africa; Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda, Uganda; Hen Mpoano, Ghana; COAST Foundation, Bangladesh; African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA); Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), Kenya; Locally-Managed Marine Area (LMMA) network, Fiji • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Danish Institute for Human Rights, Denmark; Government of Sweden, Sweden; Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Switzerland; International Ocean Institute (IOI), Malta; Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), Fiji; Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, Washington; Association of Commonwealth Universities, UK; Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Sweden; Women in Ocean Science, UK; Commonwealth Blue Charter, UK; Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Belgium; Bread for the World Institute, US; Low Impact Fishers of Europe, Belgium; AKTEA Women in Fisheries, Italy; Blue Ventures, UK.
Collaborator Contribution Since April 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights and the One Ocean Hub have collaborated on sharing findings on small-scale fisheries and human rights research and develop capacity-building approaches, particularly through the Danish Institute's collaboration with African National Human Rights Institutes and their strong links with the UN Working Group on Business and Human Rights and the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub are collaborating in research on small-scale fishers' human rights in Ghana and on the issue of fisheries subsidies. The Danish Institute for Human Rights has worked with the Ministry of Justice of Ghana, the National Human rights Commission, and the same NGO that one of the Hub's partner in Ghana, the University of Cape Coast, is work with namely the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). Drawing from the Danish Institute for Human Rights engagement with these stakeholders in Ghana and their long-standing work on integrating human rights in environment impact assessment in fisheries sector, the Danish Institute for Human Rights could support the Hub in developing the strategic environmental assessment and bringing together different ministries in Ghana to discuss reducing fishing efforts and protecting small-scale fishers' human rights. In 2022 and 2023, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights have collaborated to promote the human rights of small-scale fishers across three different international processes including the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022, the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022, and the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2023. At the Hub led High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Right for the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022. Ms Sille Stidsen, the Department Director of Human Rights and Development at the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), explained that the DIHR works as a national human rights institution, but also has an international mandate to support human rights institutions in other countries. The DIHR examined more than 200,000 recommendations from across international human rights bodies and procedures, and found out that not many (only 70) addressed the human rights of fishers in the context of fisheries management and conservation, with regard to: equality and non-discrimination, often in relation to government's allocation of fishing quotas (e.g., Iceland, South Africa, Morocco and Myanmar); the right to an adequate standard of living, dealing with the deprivation of local fishing communities of means of subsistence (e.g., Senegal and Djibouti); the right to a healthy environment in relation to marine environmental pollution, climate change affecting fishing communities dependent on marine resources (e.g., Nigeria and Madagascar); the rights of indigenous peoples with respect to access to fishing grounds (e.g., Norway, Mexico and South Africa); and special measures to secure fishing-dependent and marginalized communities access to marine resources and markets (e.g., Philippines, Indonesia and Maldives). At the event Ms Stidsen noted that it is important to give more focus on small-scale fishers in UN human rights monitoring mechanisms, ensure capacity-building for institutions working on human rights and small-scale fisheries, related data-sharing and reporting at national and international levels, file complaints regarding human rights violations to national and international human rights monitoring bodies. The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues held a session in April 2022, which resulted in the recommendation addressed to FAO to prepare a study on the impacts of industrial fishing on the rights of Indigenous Peoples regarding traditional fishing; and to FAO and the International Labour Organization (ILO) to conduct a study on human rights violations suffered by Indigenous Peoples in the fishing sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights was one of the co-organisers of the side-event titled 'The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28th June 2023. Their contribution to the Hub-led side event focused on guidance on business due diligence and environmental impact assessment. Ms Tulika Bansal shared key findings from a recent sector-wide assessment of Chile's salmon industry on the human right impacts on workers, communities, including indigenous and small-scale fishers, and other rights-holders that the Danish Institute for Human Rights has carried out: • Independent research is lacking on human rights impacts of businesses in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors; • Existing research tends to focus on environmental impacts, less on social and human rights dimensions; • Interdisciplinary teams are lacking to assess human rights closely from environmental, social and health disciplines; • There is lack of expertise on human rights by those working in the sectors, both states and companies, but also auditors (e.g. in certification). • She concluded that there is a pressing need to enhance research and collaboration to better assess, document and most importantly, address the human rights impacts in fisheries and aquaculture. The Danish Institute for Human Rights also invited the Hub to support their event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022. The event highlighted that strategies for strengthening ocean-based economies must be aligned with human rights standards and take adequate considerations towards population groups, including women, dependent on coastal ecosystems and marine resources. This entails following a gender sensitive and human rights-based approach to policy and programme development - and aligning business activities and the States' regulation of the private sector with the UN Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights. The event was co-organised by 14 other organisations that are actively working to advance protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. These include the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation (SSNC), Women in Ocean Science, the Commonwealth Blue Charter, COAST Foundation, the African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA), Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Bread for the World, Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), LMMA network, Low Impact Fishers of Europe (LIFE) and AKTEA, Blue Ventures, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and the Government of Sweden. Also during the UN Ocean Conference, the Hub invited the Danish Institute for Human Rights to United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)-led side-event titled 'From Ocean Knowledge to Action: Developing Capacity to Create a Sustainable Ocean Economy' on 30 June 2022 that was co-organised with One Ocean Hub, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and the International Ocean Institute (IOI) to launch One Ocean Learn (https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/). The Hub and the Green Development and Climate Change Programme Unit of UNITAR have been working over the past three years to create the One Ocean Learn, an innovative online platform which aims to support global capacity building by translating ocean knowledge into action-oriented learning for activists, communities, development practitioners, policymakers and researchers on the ways in which global, national and local communities depend on and relate to the ocean, coastal areas and marine life (https://oneoceanhub.org/launching-the-one-ocean-learn-knowledge-translation-platform/). The focus is on connecting knowledge across different sources and enhance capacities to use integrated knowledge to contribute towards more sustainable decisions on the ocean. The Hub and UNITAR are exploring the potential to link the Danish Institute for Human Rights's database on fisheries and human rights to One Ocean Learn based on the idea of developing an 'ocean and human rights platform'. In the run up to the IYAFA Closing Celebration in Rome in March 2023, the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub, and the UNOHCHR co-organised Dialogue series on fisheries and human rights composed of two online webinars on exploring how NHRIs and international human rights mechanisms are addressing human rights issues in fishing communities on 1st and 2nd February 2023. The Dialogue series was primarily targeting national human rights institutions, the international human rights mechanisms, and key national, regional, and global civil society organisations working on fisheries and human rights. The series explored how national and international human rights actors are using their respective mandates to promote and protect the rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities. The ambition of the dialogue was to better understand current engagement and to explore opportunities for deepening their engagement and collaboration between the different actors. The first webinar of the series focused on the role of national human rights institutions (NHRIs) to address the human rights abuses and violations affecting small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The second webinar focused on protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms. Representatives from the international mechanisms shared examples of current advice and recommendations to states in relation to the human rights of small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The Dialogue Series brought together representatives of UN OHCHR, FAO, UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Michael Fakhri the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Dorothy Estrada-Tanck the Chair of the UN Working Group on Discrimination against Women and Girls, Hen Mpoano, NHRIs of the Philippines, Chile, South Africa and Colombia; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda; Legal Resources Centre, South Africa; and Hub researchers based at Durban University of Technology, South Africa and the University of Strathclyde, UK. In March 2023 the Hub collaborated with Danish Institute for Human Rights and FAO to co-organise three events as part of the IYAFA closing events in Rome, Italy: 1. An in-person or hybrid event on World Trade Organization (WTO) Fisheries Subsidies and Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights on 30th March 2023. The Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights wrote a joint policy brief on this theme based on Hub papers of fisheries subsidies and Danish Institute for Human Rights report on 'The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations' which the Hub has provided inputs (https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies), with invited participants from FAO, WTO and OECD among others. 2. Training event on accessing national and international human rights bodies on Small-Scale Fishers human rights for fisheries and environmental experts on 31st March 2023, with participation from the UNOHCHC, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food and the South African NHRI; 3. an in-person performance of empatheatre play Listen to the Sea at FAO HQs. Our contributions to the Danish Institute's planning process were incorporated in their report of the 2023 workshop, including the need for further work to: • clarify the minimum content of State conduct under international environmental law obligations, including from the perspective of Global North/South equity; • support systems thinking and capacity building (https://griffithlawjournal.org/index.php/gjlhd/article/view/1219) for more integrated approaches to the protection of human rights and the ocean at the outset, bringing together expertise from communities of practice that still operate quite separately (human health, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/human-health-depends-on-thriving-oceans/; marine ecosystem services, https://oneoceanhub.org/climate-change-ecosystem-services-in-areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction/ ); • address human rights under the "High Seas"/BBNJ Agreement (https://brill.com/view/journals/estu/38/3/article-p447_3.xml) on marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, and the importance of the human right to science in this connection; • identify new areas for research and solidarity action with ocean-dependent human rights holders, such as One Health (https://oneoceanhub.org/breaking-barriers-around-one-health/), the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/), the ocean-climate nexus (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/introduction-applying-a-human-rights-lens-to-the-ocean-climate-nexus/), the Global Biodiversity Framework (https://oneoceanhub.org/what-does-the-global-biodiversity-framework-and-other-2022-un-biodiversity-summit-outcomes-mean-for-the-ocean-and-ocean-research-part-1/; https://oneoceanhub.org/a-reflection-on-the-global-biodiversity-framework/), the plastics treaty under negotiations (https://oneoceanhub.org/providing-considerations-for-the-next-phase-of-the-plastics-treaty-negotiators/), and business and human rights (https://oneoceanhub.org/better-understanding-the-negative-impacts-of-international-investment-law-for-human-rights-and-the-environment/); and • develop a platform for further and deeper collaborations with the UN human rights bodies and national human rights institutions (https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/) to support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, including an online clinic. Danish Institute for Human Rights invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" on 2-3 November 2023 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers, fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee. She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law, and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." In her remarks, Elisa underscored the role of the human right to a healthy environment, including children's human right to a healthy environment. Read detailed summary of Elisa Morgera key messages delivered during the event in this blogpost: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. This collaboration has had demonstrable positive policy impacts. The Hub, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the FAO worked closely in raising awareness of small-scale fishers' human rights during IYAFA and planning for the IYAFA Closing. The side-events and policy brief co-developed by the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights titled "The implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" sparked dialogue on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries during IYAFA Closing in 2023 among diverse stakeholders including policy makers, civil society, and representatives of international organisations. Hub and partner organisations that are part of this collaboration are strategising to bring findings from our research on human rights and small-scale fisheries and share good practices and methodologies at the next Small-Scale Fisheries Summit that will take place in July 2024. In addition, Hub research findings were included in the 2024 report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, This collaboration also brought societal impacts. All the events co-organised as part of this collaboration provided capacity building and training to a total of 823 small-scale fishers, representatives of national human rights institutions in the Global South, and civil society on national and international human rights mechanisms that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. This collaboration has also advanced gender equality. It is estimated that over 50 per cent of attendees across these events were women. This speaks to both the interest and need of capacity building for women in small-scale fisheries sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in 2022, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub specifically co-developed a side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' that was held on 1 July 2022 in Lisbon to raise awareness on women's human rights in fisheries. The event presented innovative tools and resources that enable users to identify the human rights dimension of fisheries governance, and devise strategies to enhance sustainability of the sector, while simultaneously enhancing the development and dignity of fishing-dependent marginalised population groups such as local communities, Indigenous peoples, and workers in all parts of the sector's value chain. Gender perspective was also considered across all the outcomes generated from this collaboration including publications and events.
Impact Peer-reviewed journal articles • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. Policy Brief • Morgera E, Switzer S, Lennan M, Webster E and Bansal T. (2023) "Policy brief: the implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers • One Ocean Hub. (2022). "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/IYAFA-Spreadsheet-Key-messages_2022.06.21.pdf. • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, One Ocean Hub, and the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2022). "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals." Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf Blogposts and impact story Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). Impact stories: Research and action across scales: protecting the human rights, livelihoods, and culture of small-scale fishers. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/imapct-story-research-and-action-across-scales/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "What we learnt at the closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/what-we-learnt-at-the-closing-of-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries-and-aquaculture/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "One Ocean Hub events in Rome for the Closing of IYAFA." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/one-ocean-hub-events-in-rome-for-the-closing-of-iyafa/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Exploring the way forward from IYAFA on small-scale fishers' human rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-way-forward-from-iyafa-on-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ Morgera E. (2022). "Celebrating our progress towards transformative change in 2022." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/celebrating-our-progress-towards-transformative-change-in-2022/. Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. Morgera E. (2022). "Reflecting on the UN Ocean Conference and the need to scale up ocean action for the transformative ocean governance we all need." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-the-un-ocean-conference-and-the-need-to-scale-up-ocean-action-for-the-transformative-ocean-governance-we-all-need/. Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. One Ocean Hub (2024), HUB RESEARCH INCLUDED IN UN SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR'S REPORT ON RIGHT TO FOOD, FISHERIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE, https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-research-included-in-un-special-rapporteurs-report-on-right-to-food-fisheries-and-climate-change/ Report • Danish Institute for Human Rights report on "The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations." Available from https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies. Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. UN World Oceans Day High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants.
Start Year 2022
 
Description Expanding Alliances to Support Small-Scale Fishers 
Organisation Bread for the World Institute
Country United States 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution One Ocean Hub research and engagement activities have emphasised the importance to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fishers, fishworkers, and their communities to protect their human rights. Together with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub is bringing together human rights and environmental/fisheries organizations to support the protection of small-scale fishers' rights. Collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights began in April 2022 as part of our collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNOHCHR) (see entry "Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights Across Scales" under Collaborations). In June 2022, the Hub invited the Danish Institute to contribute to the joint High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights for the UN World Ocean Day that the Hub co-organised with FAO and UNOHCHR. See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6_o. This event advanced awareness of the need for a holistic approach to the protection of the human rights of small-scale fishers and fish workers, and to explore the different UN mandates that can contribute to better international support for small-scale fishers representatives and advocates. Building upon this event, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights further collaborated during the UN Ocean Conference on 27th June - 1st July 2022 in Lisbon, Portugal and the UN International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture Closing Celebration on 27th-31st March 2023 in Rome, Italy. These initiatives led to the co-development of a webinar series (launched in February 2023) to raise awareness among international and national human rights bodies on the need to protect the human rights of small-scale fishers. This has led to a new collaboration between the Hub, the Danish Institute and the team of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food on a global report on human rights and fisheries (to be published in late 2023) and a country visit in South Africa (to be confirmed in May 2023). In addition, the Hub and the Danish Institute may collaborate in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia in engaging the NHRIs into Hub research on small-scale fishers' rights. Furthermore, the Hub's growing collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights has led to joint planning of two events for the UN IYAFA closing celebration in March 2023 in Rome, Italy on further raising awareness of fisheries/environmental experts on the international and national human rights bodies that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, and on the need to ensure the protection of these rights in the context of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. On the latter, the Hub and the Danish Institute have published separately in 2022, with the Hub peer-reviewing the Danish Institute's reports, and the two organizations published a joint policy brief in late 2024 (a draft was released for comment before the IYAFA closing event in March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers). In late 2023, Hub Director Elisa Morgera was invited by the Danish Institute for Human Rights to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" (2-3 November 2023 Copenhagen, Denmark). The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/shedding-a-light-on-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers-complementarities-and-contrasts-between-the-un-declaration-on-peasants-rights-and-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/), fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices (https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/) to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies (https://oneoceanhub.org/changing-understandings-of-and-engagments-with-ocean-dependent-communities-empatheatre/) and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee (https://oneoceanhub.org/brainstorming-on-new-un-guidance-on-economic-social-and-cultural-rights-and-sustainable-development/). She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law (https://oneoceanhub.org/global-coalition-on-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-environment-of-which-the-hub-is-part-honoured-with-the-2023-un-human-rights-prize/), and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." The meeting allowed the Hub to provide inputs into the new research planning and fund-raising by the Danish Institute, which is keen to work with the Hub on joint initiatives as part of the Hub's legacy: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. At the Danish Institute workshop, the Hub was also able to explore new collaboration opportunities with the Network of the African National Human Rights Institutions, which will be explored in 2024. Finally, the Hub contributed to the call for evidence of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food (https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/2023/call-input-right-food-and-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries) for his next report on fisheries, which will be released in March 2024. In 2023, thanks to an introduction by the Danish Institute, NANHRI invited the Hub to contribute to 14 Biennial Conference on "Nurturing Responsible Business Conduct and Respect for Human Rights in Africa" (18-20 October 2023 in Accra, Ghana.) Dr Sulley Ibrahim, the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, presented empirical research findings of relevance to business in the context of the triple threat of climate change, marine litter and the depletion of fish stock due to overfishing and illicit fishing: https://oneoceanhub.org/clarifying-business-responsibility-to-respect-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-ocean/. In 2024, Hub research findings were included in the report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, focused on fisheries and the right to food in the context of climate change (A/HRC/55/49), with a focus on the advancement of the human rights of small-scale fishers and Indigenous Peoples. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Durban University of Technology, South Africa • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in Global South: • partner organisations based in the Global North: United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organisation, Italy; United Nations Institute for Training and Research, Switzerland; World Wide Fund for Nature The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Government of Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Africa; Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda, Uganda; Hen Mpoano, Ghana; COAST Foundation, Bangladesh; African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA); Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), Kenya; Locally-Managed Marine Area (LMMA) network, Fiji • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Danish Institute for Human Rights, Denmark; Government of Sweden, Sweden; Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Switzerland; International Ocean Institute (IOI), Malta; Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), Fiji; Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, Washington; Association of Commonwealth Universities, UK; Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Sweden; Women in Ocean Science, UK; Commonwealth Blue Charter, UK; Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Belgium; Bread for the World Institute, US; Low Impact Fishers of Europe, Belgium; AKTEA Women in Fisheries, Italy; Blue Ventures, UK.
Collaborator Contribution Since April 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights and the One Ocean Hub have collaborated on sharing findings on small-scale fisheries and human rights research and develop capacity-building approaches, particularly through the Danish Institute's collaboration with African National Human Rights Institutes and their strong links with the UN Working Group on Business and Human Rights and the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub are collaborating in research on small-scale fishers' human rights in Ghana and on the issue of fisheries subsidies. The Danish Institute for Human Rights has worked with the Ministry of Justice of Ghana, the National Human rights Commission, and the same NGO that one of the Hub's partner in Ghana, the University of Cape Coast, is work with namely the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). Drawing from the Danish Institute for Human Rights engagement with these stakeholders in Ghana and their long-standing work on integrating human rights in environment impact assessment in fisheries sector, the Danish Institute for Human Rights could support the Hub in developing the strategic environmental assessment and bringing together different ministries in Ghana to discuss reducing fishing efforts and protecting small-scale fishers' human rights. In 2022 and 2023, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights have collaborated to promote the human rights of small-scale fishers across three different international processes including the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022, the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022, and the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2023. At the Hub led High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Right for the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022. Ms Sille Stidsen, the Department Director of Human Rights and Development at the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), explained that the DIHR works as a national human rights institution, but also has an international mandate to support human rights institutions in other countries. The DIHR examined more than 200,000 recommendations from across international human rights bodies and procedures, and found out that not many (only 70) addressed the human rights of fishers in the context of fisheries management and conservation, with regard to: equality and non-discrimination, often in relation to government's allocation of fishing quotas (e.g., Iceland, South Africa, Morocco and Myanmar); the right to an adequate standard of living, dealing with the deprivation of local fishing communities of means of subsistence (e.g., Senegal and Djibouti); the right to a healthy environment in relation to marine environmental pollution, climate change affecting fishing communities dependent on marine resources (e.g., Nigeria and Madagascar); the rights of indigenous peoples with respect to access to fishing grounds (e.g., Norway, Mexico and South Africa); and special measures to secure fishing-dependent and marginalized communities access to marine resources and markets (e.g., Philippines, Indonesia and Maldives). At the event Ms Stidsen noted that it is important to give more focus on small-scale fishers in UN human rights monitoring mechanisms, ensure capacity-building for institutions working on human rights and small-scale fisheries, related data-sharing and reporting at national and international levels, file complaints regarding human rights violations to national and international human rights monitoring bodies. The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues held a session in April 2022, which resulted in the recommendation addressed to FAO to prepare a study on the impacts of industrial fishing on the rights of Indigenous Peoples regarding traditional fishing; and to FAO and the International Labour Organization (ILO) to conduct a study on human rights violations suffered by Indigenous Peoples in the fishing sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights was one of the co-organisers of the side-event titled 'The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28th June 2023. Their contribution to the Hub-led side event focused on guidance on business due diligence and environmental impact assessment. Ms Tulika Bansal shared key findings from a recent sector-wide assessment of Chile's salmon industry on the human right impacts on workers, communities, including indigenous and small-scale fishers, and other rights-holders that the Danish Institute for Human Rights has carried out: • Independent research is lacking on human rights impacts of businesses in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors; • Existing research tends to focus on environmental impacts, less on social and human rights dimensions; • Interdisciplinary teams are lacking to assess human rights closely from environmental, social and health disciplines; • There is lack of expertise on human rights by those working in the sectors, both states and companies, but also auditors (e.g. in certification). • She concluded that there is a pressing need to enhance research and collaboration to better assess, document and most importantly, address the human rights impacts in fisheries and aquaculture. The Danish Institute for Human Rights also invited the Hub to support their event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022. The event highlighted that strategies for strengthening ocean-based economies must be aligned with human rights standards and take adequate considerations towards population groups, including women, dependent on coastal ecosystems and marine resources. This entails following a gender sensitive and human rights-based approach to policy and programme development - and aligning business activities and the States' regulation of the private sector with the UN Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights. The event was co-organised by 14 other organisations that are actively working to advance protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. These include the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation (SSNC), Women in Ocean Science, the Commonwealth Blue Charter, COAST Foundation, the African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA), Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Bread for the World, Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), LMMA network, Low Impact Fishers of Europe (LIFE) and AKTEA, Blue Ventures, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and the Government of Sweden. Also during the UN Ocean Conference, the Hub invited the Danish Institute for Human Rights to United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)-led side-event titled 'From Ocean Knowledge to Action: Developing Capacity to Create a Sustainable Ocean Economy' on 30 June 2022 that was co-organised with One Ocean Hub, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and the International Ocean Institute (IOI) to launch One Ocean Learn (https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/). The Hub and the Green Development and Climate Change Programme Unit of UNITAR have been working over the past three years to create the One Ocean Learn, an innovative online platform which aims to support global capacity building by translating ocean knowledge into action-oriented learning for activists, communities, development practitioners, policymakers and researchers on the ways in which global, national and local communities depend on and relate to the ocean, coastal areas and marine life (https://oneoceanhub.org/launching-the-one-ocean-learn-knowledge-translation-platform/). The focus is on connecting knowledge across different sources and enhance capacities to use integrated knowledge to contribute towards more sustainable decisions on the ocean. The Hub and UNITAR are exploring the potential to link the Danish Institute for Human Rights's database on fisheries and human rights to One Ocean Learn based on the idea of developing an 'ocean and human rights platform'. In the run up to the IYAFA Closing Celebration in Rome in March 2023, the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub, and the UNOHCHR co-organised Dialogue series on fisheries and human rights composed of two online webinars on exploring how NHRIs and international human rights mechanisms are addressing human rights issues in fishing communities on 1st and 2nd February 2023. The Dialogue series was primarily targeting national human rights institutions, the international human rights mechanisms, and key national, regional, and global civil society organisations working on fisheries and human rights. The series explored how national and international human rights actors are using their respective mandates to promote and protect the rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities. The ambition of the dialogue was to better understand current engagement and to explore opportunities for deepening their engagement and collaboration between the different actors. The first webinar of the series focused on the role of national human rights institutions (NHRIs) to address the human rights abuses and violations affecting small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The second webinar focused on protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms. Representatives from the international mechanisms shared examples of current advice and recommendations to states in relation to the human rights of small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The Dialogue Series brought together representatives of UN OHCHR, FAO, UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Michael Fakhri the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Dorothy Estrada-Tanck the Chair of the UN Working Group on Discrimination against Women and Girls, Hen Mpoano, NHRIs of the Philippines, Chile, South Africa and Colombia; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda; Legal Resources Centre, South Africa; and Hub researchers based at Durban University of Technology, South Africa and the University of Strathclyde, UK. In March 2023 the Hub collaborated with Danish Institute for Human Rights and FAO to co-organise three events as part of the IYAFA closing events in Rome, Italy: 1. An in-person or hybrid event on World Trade Organization (WTO) Fisheries Subsidies and Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights on 30th March 2023. The Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights wrote a joint policy brief on this theme based on Hub papers of fisheries subsidies and Danish Institute for Human Rights report on 'The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations' which the Hub has provided inputs (https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies), with invited participants from FAO, WTO and OECD among others. 2. Training event on accessing national and international human rights bodies on Small-Scale Fishers human rights for fisheries and environmental experts on 31st March 2023, with participation from the UNOHCHC, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food and the South African NHRI; 3. an in-person performance of empatheatre play Listen to the Sea at FAO HQs. Our contributions to the Danish Institute's planning process were incorporated in their report of the 2023 workshop, including the need for further work to: • clarify the minimum content of State conduct under international environmental law obligations, including from the perspective of Global North/South equity; • support systems thinking and capacity building (https://griffithlawjournal.org/index.php/gjlhd/article/view/1219) for more integrated approaches to the protection of human rights and the ocean at the outset, bringing together expertise from communities of practice that still operate quite separately (human health, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/human-health-depends-on-thriving-oceans/; marine ecosystem services, https://oneoceanhub.org/climate-change-ecosystem-services-in-areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction/ ); • address human rights under the "High Seas"/BBNJ Agreement (https://brill.com/view/journals/estu/38/3/article-p447_3.xml) on marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, and the importance of the human right to science in this connection; • identify new areas for research and solidarity action with ocean-dependent human rights holders, such as One Health (https://oneoceanhub.org/breaking-barriers-around-one-health/), the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/), the ocean-climate nexus (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/introduction-applying-a-human-rights-lens-to-the-ocean-climate-nexus/), the Global Biodiversity Framework (https://oneoceanhub.org/what-does-the-global-biodiversity-framework-and-other-2022-un-biodiversity-summit-outcomes-mean-for-the-ocean-and-ocean-research-part-1/; https://oneoceanhub.org/a-reflection-on-the-global-biodiversity-framework/), the plastics treaty under negotiations (https://oneoceanhub.org/providing-considerations-for-the-next-phase-of-the-plastics-treaty-negotiators/), and business and human rights (https://oneoceanhub.org/better-understanding-the-negative-impacts-of-international-investment-law-for-human-rights-and-the-environment/); and • develop a platform for further and deeper collaborations with the UN human rights bodies and national human rights institutions (https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/) to support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, including an online clinic. Danish Institute for Human Rights invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" on 2-3 November 2023 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers, fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee. She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law, and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." In her remarks, Elisa underscored the role of the human right to a healthy environment, including children's human right to a healthy environment. Read detailed summary of Elisa Morgera key messages delivered during the event in this blogpost: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. This collaboration has had demonstrable positive policy impacts. The Hub, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the FAO worked closely in raising awareness of small-scale fishers' human rights during IYAFA and planning for the IYAFA Closing. The side-events and policy brief co-developed by the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights titled "The implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" sparked dialogue on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries during IYAFA Closing in 2023 among diverse stakeholders including policy makers, civil society, and representatives of international organisations. Hub and partner organisations that are part of this collaboration are strategising to bring findings from our research on human rights and small-scale fisheries and share good practices and methodologies at the next Small-Scale Fisheries Summit that will take place in July 2024. In addition, Hub research findings were included in the 2024 report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, This collaboration also brought societal impacts. All the events co-organised as part of this collaboration provided capacity building and training to a total of 823 small-scale fishers, representatives of national human rights institutions in the Global South, and civil society on national and international human rights mechanisms that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. This collaboration has also advanced gender equality. It is estimated that over 50 per cent of attendees across these events were women. This speaks to both the interest and need of capacity building for women in small-scale fisheries sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in 2022, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub specifically co-developed a side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' that was held on 1 July 2022 in Lisbon to raise awareness on women's human rights in fisheries. The event presented innovative tools and resources that enable users to identify the human rights dimension of fisheries governance, and devise strategies to enhance sustainability of the sector, while simultaneously enhancing the development and dignity of fishing-dependent marginalised population groups such as local communities, Indigenous peoples, and workers in all parts of the sector's value chain. Gender perspective was also considered across all the outcomes generated from this collaboration including publications and events.
Impact Peer-reviewed journal articles • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. Policy Brief • Morgera E, Switzer S, Lennan M, Webster E and Bansal T. (2023) "Policy brief: the implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers • One Ocean Hub. (2022). "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/IYAFA-Spreadsheet-Key-messages_2022.06.21.pdf. • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, One Ocean Hub, and the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2022). "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals." Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf Blogposts and impact story Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). Impact stories: Research and action across scales: protecting the human rights, livelihoods, and culture of small-scale fishers. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/imapct-story-research-and-action-across-scales/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "What we learnt at the closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/what-we-learnt-at-the-closing-of-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries-and-aquaculture/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "One Ocean Hub events in Rome for the Closing of IYAFA." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/one-ocean-hub-events-in-rome-for-the-closing-of-iyafa/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Exploring the way forward from IYAFA on small-scale fishers' human rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-way-forward-from-iyafa-on-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ Morgera E. (2022). "Celebrating our progress towards transformative change in 2022." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/celebrating-our-progress-towards-transformative-change-in-2022/. Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. Morgera E. (2022). "Reflecting on the UN Ocean Conference and the need to scale up ocean action for the transformative ocean governance we all need." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-the-un-ocean-conference-and-the-need-to-scale-up-ocean-action-for-the-transformative-ocean-governance-we-all-need/. Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. One Ocean Hub (2024), HUB RESEARCH INCLUDED IN UN SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR'S REPORT ON RIGHT TO FOOD, FISHERIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE, https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-research-included-in-un-special-rapporteurs-report-on-right-to-food-fisheries-and-climate-change/ Report • Danish Institute for Human Rights report on "The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations." Available from https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies. Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. UN World Oceans Day High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants.
Start Year 2022
 
Description Expanding Alliances to Support Small-Scale Fishers 
Organisation Danish Institute for Human Rights
Country Denmark 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution One Ocean Hub research and engagement activities have emphasised the importance to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fishers, fishworkers, and their communities to protect their human rights. Together with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub is bringing together human rights and environmental/fisheries organizations to support the protection of small-scale fishers' rights. Collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights began in April 2022 as part of our collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNOHCHR) (see entry "Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights Across Scales" under Collaborations). In June 2022, the Hub invited the Danish Institute to contribute to the joint High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights for the UN World Ocean Day that the Hub co-organised with FAO and UNOHCHR. See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6_o. This event advanced awareness of the need for a holistic approach to the protection of the human rights of small-scale fishers and fish workers, and to explore the different UN mandates that can contribute to better international support for small-scale fishers representatives and advocates. Building upon this event, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights further collaborated during the UN Ocean Conference on 27th June - 1st July 2022 in Lisbon, Portugal and the UN International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture Closing Celebration on 27th-31st March 2023 in Rome, Italy. These initiatives led to the co-development of a webinar series (launched in February 2023) to raise awareness among international and national human rights bodies on the need to protect the human rights of small-scale fishers. This has led to a new collaboration between the Hub, the Danish Institute and the team of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food on a global report on human rights and fisheries (to be published in late 2023) and a country visit in South Africa (to be confirmed in May 2023). In addition, the Hub and the Danish Institute may collaborate in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia in engaging the NHRIs into Hub research on small-scale fishers' rights. Furthermore, the Hub's growing collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights has led to joint planning of two events for the UN IYAFA closing celebration in March 2023 in Rome, Italy on further raising awareness of fisheries/environmental experts on the international and national human rights bodies that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, and on the need to ensure the protection of these rights in the context of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. On the latter, the Hub and the Danish Institute have published separately in 2022, with the Hub peer-reviewing the Danish Institute's reports, and the two organizations published a joint policy brief in late 2024 (a draft was released for comment before the IYAFA closing event in March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers). In late 2023, Hub Director Elisa Morgera was invited by the Danish Institute for Human Rights to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" (2-3 November 2023 Copenhagen, Denmark). The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/shedding-a-light-on-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers-complementarities-and-contrasts-between-the-un-declaration-on-peasants-rights-and-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/), fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices (https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/) to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies (https://oneoceanhub.org/changing-understandings-of-and-engagments-with-ocean-dependent-communities-empatheatre/) and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee (https://oneoceanhub.org/brainstorming-on-new-un-guidance-on-economic-social-and-cultural-rights-and-sustainable-development/). She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law (https://oneoceanhub.org/global-coalition-on-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-environment-of-which-the-hub-is-part-honoured-with-the-2023-un-human-rights-prize/), and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." The meeting allowed the Hub to provide inputs into the new research planning and fund-raising by the Danish Institute, which is keen to work with the Hub on joint initiatives as part of the Hub's legacy: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. At the Danish Institute workshop, the Hub was also able to explore new collaboration opportunities with the Network of the African National Human Rights Institutions, which will be explored in 2024. Finally, the Hub contributed to the call for evidence of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food (https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/2023/call-input-right-food-and-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries) for his next report on fisheries, which will be released in March 2024. In 2023, thanks to an introduction by the Danish Institute, NANHRI invited the Hub to contribute to 14 Biennial Conference on "Nurturing Responsible Business Conduct and Respect for Human Rights in Africa" (18-20 October 2023 in Accra, Ghana.) Dr Sulley Ibrahim, the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, presented empirical research findings of relevance to business in the context of the triple threat of climate change, marine litter and the depletion of fish stock due to overfishing and illicit fishing: https://oneoceanhub.org/clarifying-business-responsibility-to-respect-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-ocean/. In 2024, Hub research findings were included in the report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, focused on fisheries and the right to food in the context of climate change (A/HRC/55/49), with a focus on the advancement of the human rights of small-scale fishers and Indigenous Peoples. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Durban University of Technology, South Africa • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in Global South: • partner organisations based in the Global North: United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organisation, Italy; United Nations Institute for Training and Research, Switzerland; World Wide Fund for Nature The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Government of Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Africa; Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda, Uganda; Hen Mpoano, Ghana; COAST Foundation, Bangladesh; African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA); Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), Kenya; Locally-Managed Marine Area (LMMA) network, Fiji • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Danish Institute for Human Rights, Denmark; Government of Sweden, Sweden; Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Switzerland; International Ocean Institute (IOI), Malta; Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), Fiji; Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, Washington; Association of Commonwealth Universities, UK; Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Sweden; Women in Ocean Science, UK; Commonwealth Blue Charter, UK; Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Belgium; Bread for the World Institute, US; Low Impact Fishers of Europe, Belgium; AKTEA Women in Fisheries, Italy; Blue Ventures, UK.
Collaborator Contribution Since April 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights and the One Ocean Hub have collaborated on sharing findings on small-scale fisheries and human rights research and develop capacity-building approaches, particularly through the Danish Institute's collaboration with African National Human Rights Institutes and their strong links with the UN Working Group on Business and Human Rights and the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub are collaborating in research on small-scale fishers' human rights in Ghana and on the issue of fisheries subsidies. The Danish Institute for Human Rights has worked with the Ministry of Justice of Ghana, the National Human rights Commission, and the same NGO that one of the Hub's partner in Ghana, the University of Cape Coast, is work with namely the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). Drawing from the Danish Institute for Human Rights engagement with these stakeholders in Ghana and their long-standing work on integrating human rights in environment impact assessment in fisheries sector, the Danish Institute for Human Rights could support the Hub in developing the strategic environmental assessment and bringing together different ministries in Ghana to discuss reducing fishing efforts and protecting small-scale fishers' human rights. In 2022 and 2023, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights have collaborated to promote the human rights of small-scale fishers across three different international processes including the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022, the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022, and the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2023. At the Hub led High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Right for the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022. Ms Sille Stidsen, the Department Director of Human Rights and Development at the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), explained that the DIHR works as a national human rights institution, but also has an international mandate to support human rights institutions in other countries. The DIHR examined more than 200,000 recommendations from across international human rights bodies and procedures, and found out that not many (only 70) addressed the human rights of fishers in the context of fisheries management and conservation, with regard to: equality and non-discrimination, often in relation to government's allocation of fishing quotas (e.g., Iceland, South Africa, Morocco and Myanmar); the right to an adequate standard of living, dealing with the deprivation of local fishing communities of means of subsistence (e.g., Senegal and Djibouti); the right to a healthy environment in relation to marine environmental pollution, climate change affecting fishing communities dependent on marine resources (e.g., Nigeria and Madagascar); the rights of indigenous peoples with respect to access to fishing grounds (e.g., Norway, Mexico and South Africa); and special measures to secure fishing-dependent and marginalized communities access to marine resources and markets (e.g., Philippines, Indonesia and Maldives). At the event Ms Stidsen noted that it is important to give more focus on small-scale fishers in UN human rights monitoring mechanisms, ensure capacity-building for institutions working on human rights and small-scale fisheries, related data-sharing and reporting at national and international levels, file complaints regarding human rights violations to national and international human rights monitoring bodies. The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues held a session in April 2022, which resulted in the recommendation addressed to FAO to prepare a study on the impacts of industrial fishing on the rights of Indigenous Peoples regarding traditional fishing; and to FAO and the International Labour Organization (ILO) to conduct a study on human rights violations suffered by Indigenous Peoples in the fishing sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights was one of the co-organisers of the side-event titled 'The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28th June 2023. Their contribution to the Hub-led side event focused on guidance on business due diligence and environmental impact assessment. Ms Tulika Bansal shared key findings from a recent sector-wide assessment of Chile's salmon industry on the human right impacts on workers, communities, including indigenous and small-scale fishers, and other rights-holders that the Danish Institute for Human Rights has carried out: • Independent research is lacking on human rights impacts of businesses in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors; • Existing research tends to focus on environmental impacts, less on social and human rights dimensions; • Interdisciplinary teams are lacking to assess human rights closely from environmental, social and health disciplines; • There is lack of expertise on human rights by those working in the sectors, both states and companies, but also auditors (e.g. in certification). • She concluded that there is a pressing need to enhance research and collaboration to better assess, document and most importantly, address the human rights impacts in fisheries and aquaculture. The Danish Institute for Human Rights also invited the Hub to support their event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022. The event highlighted that strategies for strengthening ocean-based economies must be aligned with human rights standards and take adequate considerations towards population groups, including women, dependent on coastal ecosystems and marine resources. This entails following a gender sensitive and human rights-based approach to policy and programme development - and aligning business activities and the States' regulation of the private sector with the UN Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights. The event was co-organised by 14 other organisations that are actively working to advance protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. These include the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation (SSNC), Women in Ocean Science, the Commonwealth Blue Charter, COAST Foundation, the African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA), Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Bread for the World, Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), LMMA network, Low Impact Fishers of Europe (LIFE) and AKTEA, Blue Ventures, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and the Government of Sweden. Also during the UN Ocean Conference, the Hub invited the Danish Institute for Human Rights to United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)-led side-event titled 'From Ocean Knowledge to Action: Developing Capacity to Create a Sustainable Ocean Economy' on 30 June 2022 that was co-organised with One Ocean Hub, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and the International Ocean Institute (IOI) to launch One Ocean Learn (https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/). The Hub and the Green Development and Climate Change Programme Unit of UNITAR have been working over the past three years to create the One Ocean Learn, an innovative online platform which aims to support global capacity building by translating ocean knowledge into action-oriented learning for activists, communities, development practitioners, policymakers and researchers on the ways in which global, national and local communities depend on and relate to the ocean, coastal areas and marine life (https://oneoceanhub.org/launching-the-one-ocean-learn-knowledge-translation-platform/). The focus is on connecting knowledge across different sources and enhance capacities to use integrated knowledge to contribute towards more sustainable decisions on the ocean. The Hub and UNITAR are exploring the potential to link the Danish Institute for Human Rights's database on fisheries and human rights to One Ocean Learn based on the idea of developing an 'ocean and human rights platform'. In the run up to the IYAFA Closing Celebration in Rome in March 2023, the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub, and the UNOHCHR co-organised Dialogue series on fisheries and human rights composed of two online webinars on exploring how NHRIs and international human rights mechanisms are addressing human rights issues in fishing communities on 1st and 2nd February 2023. The Dialogue series was primarily targeting national human rights institutions, the international human rights mechanisms, and key national, regional, and global civil society organisations working on fisheries and human rights. The series explored how national and international human rights actors are using their respective mandates to promote and protect the rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities. The ambition of the dialogue was to better understand current engagement and to explore opportunities for deepening their engagement and collaboration between the different actors. The first webinar of the series focused on the role of national human rights institutions (NHRIs) to address the human rights abuses and violations affecting small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The second webinar focused on protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms. Representatives from the international mechanisms shared examples of current advice and recommendations to states in relation to the human rights of small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The Dialogue Series brought together representatives of UN OHCHR, FAO, UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Michael Fakhri the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Dorothy Estrada-Tanck the Chair of the UN Working Group on Discrimination against Women and Girls, Hen Mpoano, NHRIs of the Philippines, Chile, South Africa and Colombia; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda; Legal Resources Centre, South Africa; and Hub researchers based at Durban University of Technology, South Africa and the University of Strathclyde, UK. In March 2023 the Hub collaborated with Danish Institute for Human Rights and FAO to co-organise three events as part of the IYAFA closing events in Rome, Italy: 1. An in-person or hybrid event on World Trade Organization (WTO) Fisheries Subsidies and Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights on 30th March 2023. The Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights wrote a joint policy brief on this theme based on Hub papers of fisheries subsidies and Danish Institute for Human Rights report on 'The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations' which the Hub has provided inputs (https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies), with invited participants from FAO, WTO and OECD among others. 2. Training event on accessing national and international human rights bodies on Small-Scale Fishers human rights for fisheries and environmental experts on 31st March 2023, with participation from the UNOHCHC, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food and the South African NHRI; 3. an in-person performance of empatheatre play Listen to the Sea at FAO HQs. Our contributions to the Danish Institute's planning process were incorporated in their report of the 2023 workshop, including the need for further work to: • clarify the minimum content of State conduct under international environmental law obligations, including from the perspective of Global North/South equity; • support systems thinking and capacity building (https://griffithlawjournal.org/index.php/gjlhd/article/view/1219) for more integrated approaches to the protection of human rights and the ocean at the outset, bringing together expertise from communities of practice that still operate quite separately (human health, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/human-health-depends-on-thriving-oceans/; marine ecosystem services, https://oneoceanhub.org/climate-change-ecosystem-services-in-areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction/ ); • address human rights under the "High Seas"/BBNJ Agreement (https://brill.com/view/journals/estu/38/3/article-p447_3.xml) on marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, and the importance of the human right to science in this connection; • identify new areas for research and solidarity action with ocean-dependent human rights holders, such as One Health (https://oneoceanhub.org/breaking-barriers-around-one-health/), the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/), the ocean-climate nexus (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/introduction-applying-a-human-rights-lens-to-the-ocean-climate-nexus/), the Global Biodiversity Framework (https://oneoceanhub.org/what-does-the-global-biodiversity-framework-and-other-2022-un-biodiversity-summit-outcomes-mean-for-the-ocean-and-ocean-research-part-1/; https://oneoceanhub.org/a-reflection-on-the-global-biodiversity-framework/), the plastics treaty under negotiations (https://oneoceanhub.org/providing-considerations-for-the-next-phase-of-the-plastics-treaty-negotiators/), and business and human rights (https://oneoceanhub.org/better-understanding-the-negative-impacts-of-international-investment-law-for-human-rights-and-the-environment/); and • develop a platform for further and deeper collaborations with the UN human rights bodies and national human rights institutions (https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/) to support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, including an online clinic. Danish Institute for Human Rights invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" on 2-3 November 2023 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers, fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee. She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law, and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." In her remarks, Elisa underscored the role of the human right to a healthy environment, including children's human right to a healthy environment. Read detailed summary of Elisa Morgera key messages delivered during the event in this blogpost: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. This collaboration has had demonstrable positive policy impacts. The Hub, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the FAO worked closely in raising awareness of small-scale fishers' human rights during IYAFA and planning for the IYAFA Closing. The side-events and policy brief co-developed by the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights titled "The implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" sparked dialogue on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries during IYAFA Closing in 2023 among diverse stakeholders including policy makers, civil society, and representatives of international organisations. Hub and partner organisations that are part of this collaboration are strategising to bring findings from our research on human rights and small-scale fisheries and share good practices and methodologies at the next Small-Scale Fisheries Summit that will take place in July 2024. In addition, Hub research findings were included in the 2024 report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, This collaboration also brought societal impacts. All the events co-organised as part of this collaboration provided capacity building and training to a total of 823 small-scale fishers, representatives of national human rights institutions in the Global South, and civil society on national and international human rights mechanisms that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. This collaboration has also advanced gender equality. It is estimated that over 50 per cent of attendees across these events were women. This speaks to both the interest and need of capacity building for women in small-scale fisheries sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in 2022, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub specifically co-developed a side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' that was held on 1 July 2022 in Lisbon to raise awareness on women's human rights in fisheries. The event presented innovative tools and resources that enable users to identify the human rights dimension of fisheries governance, and devise strategies to enhance sustainability of the sector, while simultaneously enhancing the development and dignity of fishing-dependent marginalised population groups such as local communities, Indigenous peoples, and workers in all parts of the sector's value chain. Gender perspective was also considered across all the outcomes generated from this collaboration including publications and events.
Impact Peer-reviewed journal articles • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. Policy Brief • Morgera E, Switzer S, Lennan M, Webster E and Bansal T. (2023) "Policy brief: the implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers • One Ocean Hub. (2022). "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/IYAFA-Spreadsheet-Key-messages_2022.06.21.pdf. • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, One Ocean Hub, and the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2022). "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals." Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf Blogposts and impact story Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). Impact stories: Research and action across scales: protecting the human rights, livelihoods, and culture of small-scale fishers. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/imapct-story-research-and-action-across-scales/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "What we learnt at the closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/what-we-learnt-at-the-closing-of-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries-and-aquaculture/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "One Ocean Hub events in Rome for the Closing of IYAFA." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/one-ocean-hub-events-in-rome-for-the-closing-of-iyafa/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Exploring the way forward from IYAFA on small-scale fishers' human rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-way-forward-from-iyafa-on-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ Morgera E. (2022). "Celebrating our progress towards transformative change in 2022." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/celebrating-our-progress-towards-transformative-change-in-2022/. Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. Morgera E. (2022). "Reflecting on the UN Ocean Conference and the need to scale up ocean action for the transformative ocean governance we all need." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-the-un-ocean-conference-and-the-need-to-scale-up-ocean-action-for-the-transformative-ocean-governance-we-all-need/. Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. One Ocean Hub (2024), HUB RESEARCH INCLUDED IN UN SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR'S REPORT ON RIGHT TO FOOD, FISHERIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE, https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-research-included-in-un-special-rapporteurs-report-on-right-to-food-fisheries-and-climate-change/ Report • Danish Institute for Human Rights report on "The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations." Available from https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies. Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. UN World Oceans Day High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants.
Start Year 2022
 
Description Expanding Alliances to Support Small-Scale Fishers 
Organisation Durban University of Technology
Country South Africa 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution One Ocean Hub research and engagement activities have emphasised the importance to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fishers, fishworkers, and their communities to protect their human rights. Together with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub is bringing together human rights and environmental/fisheries organizations to support the protection of small-scale fishers' rights. Collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights began in April 2022 as part of our collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNOHCHR) (see entry "Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights Across Scales" under Collaborations). In June 2022, the Hub invited the Danish Institute to contribute to the joint High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights for the UN World Ocean Day that the Hub co-organised with FAO and UNOHCHR. See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6_o. This event advanced awareness of the need for a holistic approach to the protection of the human rights of small-scale fishers and fish workers, and to explore the different UN mandates that can contribute to better international support for small-scale fishers representatives and advocates. Building upon this event, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights further collaborated during the UN Ocean Conference on 27th June - 1st July 2022 in Lisbon, Portugal and the UN International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture Closing Celebration on 27th-31st March 2023 in Rome, Italy. These initiatives led to the co-development of a webinar series (launched in February 2023) to raise awareness among international and national human rights bodies on the need to protect the human rights of small-scale fishers. This has led to a new collaboration between the Hub, the Danish Institute and the team of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food on a global report on human rights and fisheries (to be published in late 2023) and a country visit in South Africa (to be confirmed in May 2023). In addition, the Hub and the Danish Institute may collaborate in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia in engaging the NHRIs into Hub research on small-scale fishers' rights. Furthermore, the Hub's growing collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights has led to joint planning of two events for the UN IYAFA closing celebration in March 2023 in Rome, Italy on further raising awareness of fisheries/environmental experts on the international and national human rights bodies that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, and on the need to ensure the protection of these rights in the context of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. On the latter, the Hub and the Danish Institute have published separately in 2022, with the Hub peer-reviewing the Danish Institute's reports, and the two organizations published a joint policy brief in late 2024 (a draft was released for comment before the IYAFA closing event in March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers). In late 2023, Hub Director Elisa Morgera was invited by the Danish Institute for Human Rights to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" (2-3 November 2023 Copenhagen, Denmark). The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/shedding-a-light-on-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers-complementarities-and-contrasts-between-the-un-declaration-on-peasants-rights-and-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/), fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices (https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/) to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies (https://oneoceanhub.org/changing-understandings-of-and-engagments-with-ocean-dependent-communities-empatheatre/) and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee (https://oneoceanhub.org/brainstorming-on-new-un-guidance-on-economic-social-and-cultural-rights-and-sustainable-development/). She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law (https://oneoceanhub.org/global-coalition-on-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-environment-of-which-the-hub-is-part-honoured-with-the-2023-un-human-rights-prize/), and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." The meeting allowed the Hub to provide inputs into the new research planning and fund-raising by the Danish Institute, which is keen to work with the Hub on joint initiatives as part of the Hub's legacy: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. At the Danish Institute workshop, the Hub was also able to explore new collaboration opportunities with the Network of the African National Human Rights Institutions, which will be explored in 2024. Finally, the Hub contributed to the call for evidence of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food (https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/2023/call-input-right-food-and-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries) for his next report on fisheries, which will be released in March 2024. In 2023, thanks to an introduction by the Danish Institute, NANHRI invited the Hub to contribute to 14 Biennial Conference on "Nurturing Responsible Business Conduct and Respect for Human Rights in Africa" (18-20 October 2023 in Accra, Ghana.) Dr Sulley Ibrahim, the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, presented empirical research findings of relevance to business in the context of the triple threat of climate change, marine litter and the depletion of fish stock due to overfishing and illicit fishing: https://oneoceanhub.org/clarifying-business-responsibility-to-respect-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-ocean/. In 2024, Hub research findings were included in the report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, focused on fisheries and the right to food in the context of climate change (A/HRC/55/49), with a focus on the advancement of the human rights of small-scale fishers and Indigenous Peoples. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Durban University of Technology, South Africa • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in Global South: • partner organisations based in the Global North: United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organisation, Italy; United Nations Institute for Training and Research, Switzerland; World Wide Fund for Nature The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Government of Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Africa; Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda, Uganda; Hen Mpoano, Ghana; COAST Foundation, Bangladesh; African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA); Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), Kenya; Locally-Managed Marine Area (LMMA) network, Fiji • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Danish Institute for Human Rights, Denmark; Government of Sweden, Sweden; Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Switzerland; International Ocean Institute (IOI), Malta; Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), Fiji; Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, Washington; Association of Commonwealth Universities, UK; Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Sweden; Women in Ocean Science, UK; Commonwealth Blue Charter, UK; Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Belgium; Bread for the World Institute, US; Low Impact Fishers of Europe, Belgium; AKTEA Women in Fisheries, Italy; Blue Ventures, UK.
Collaborator Contribution Since April 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights and the One Ocean Hub have collaborated on sharing findings on small-scale fisheries and human rights research and develop capacity-building approaches, particularly through the Danish Institute's collaboration with African National Human Rights Institutes and their strong links with the UN Working Group on Business and Human Rights and the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub are collaborating in research on small-scale fishers' human rights in Ghana and on the issue of fisheries subsidies. The Danish Institute for Human Rights has worked with the Ministry of Justice of Ghana, the National Human rights Commission, and the same NGO that one of the Hub's partner in Ghana, the University of Cape Coast, is work with namely the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). Drawing from the Danish Institute for Human Rights engagement with these stakeholders in Ghana and their long-standing work on integrating human rights in environment impact assessment in fisheries sector, the Danish Institute for Human Rights could support the Hub in developing the strategic environmental assessment and bringing together different ministries in Ghana to discuss reducing fishing efforts and protecting small-scale fishers' human rights. In 2022 and 2023, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights have collaborated to promote the human rights of small-scale fishers across three different international processes including the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022, the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022, and the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2023. At the Hub led High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Right for the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022. Ms Sille Stidsen, the Department Director of Human Rights and Development at the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), explained that the DIHR works as a national human rights institution, but also has an international mandate to support human rights institutions in other countries. The DIHR examined more than 200,000 recommendations from across international human rights bodies and procedures, and found out that not many (only 70) addressed the human rights of fishers in the context of fisheries management and conservation, with regard to: equality and non-discrimination, often in relation to government's allocation of fishing quotas (e.g., Iceland, South Africa, Morocco and Myanmar); the right to an adequate standard of living, dealing with the deprivation of local fishing communities of means of subsistence (e.g., Senegal and Djibouti); the right to a healthy environment in relation to marine environmental pollution, climate change affecting fishing communities dependent on marine resources (e.g., Nigeria and Madagascar); the rights of indigenous peoples with respect to access to fishing grounds (e.g., Norway, Mexico and South Africa); and special measures to secure fishing-dependent and marginalized communities access to marine resources and markets (e.g., Philippines, Indonesia and Maldives). At the event Ms Stidsen noted that it is important to give more focus on small-scale fishers in UN human rights monitoring mechanisms, ensure capacity-building for institutions working on human rights and small-scale fisheries, related data-sharing and reporting at national and international levels, file complaints regarding human rights violations to national and international human rights monitoring bodies. The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues held a session in April 2022, which resulted in the recommendation addressed to FAO to prepare a study on the impacts of industrial fishing on the rights of Indigenous Peoples regarding traditional fishing; and to FAO and the International Labour Organization (ILO) to conduct a study on human rights violations suffered by Indigenous Peoples in the fishing sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights was one of the co-organisers of the side-event titled 'The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28th June 2023. Their contribution to the Hub-led side event focused on guidance on business due diligence and environmental impact assessment. Ms Tulika Bansal shared key findings from a recent sector-wide assessment of Chile's salmon industry on the human right impacts on workers, communities, including indigenous and small-scale fishers, and other rights-holders that the Danish Institute for Human Rights has carried out: • Independent research is lacking on human rights impacts of businesses in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors; • Existing research tends to focus on environmental impacts, less on social and human rights dimensions; • Interdisciplinary teams are lacking to assess human rights closely from environmental, social and health disciplines; • There is lack of expertise on human rights by those working in the sectors, both states and companies, but also auditors (e.g. in certification). • She concluded that there is a pressing need to enhance research and collaboration to better assess, document and most importantly, address the human rights impacts in fisheries and aquaculture. The Danish Institute for Human Rights also invited the Hub to support their event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022. The event highlighted that strategies for strengthening ocean-based economies must be aligned with human rights standards and take adequate considerations towards population groups, including women, dependent on coastal ecosystems and marine resources. This entails following a gender sensitive and human rights-based approach to policy and programme development - and aligning business activities and the States' regulation of the private sector with the UN Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights. The event was co-organised by 14 other organisations that are actively working to advance protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. These include the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation (SSNC), Women in Ocean Science, the Commonwealth Blue Charter, COAST Foundation, the African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA), Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Bread for the World, Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), LMMA network, Low Impact Fishers of Europe (LIFE) and AKTEA, Blue Ventures, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and the Government of Sweden. Also during the UN Ocean Conference, the Hub invited the Danish Institute for Human Rights to United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)-led side-event titled 'From Ocean Knowledge to Action: Developing Capacity to Create a Sustainable Ocean Economy' on 30 June 2022 that was co-organised with One Ocean Hub, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and the International Ocean Institute (IOI) to launch One Ocean Learn (https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/). The Hub and the Green Development and Climate Change Programme Unit of UNITAR have been working over the past three years to create the One Ocean Learn, an innovative online platform which aims to support global capacity building by translating ocean knowledge into action-oriented learning for activists, communities, development practitioners, policymakers and researchers on the ways in which global, national and local communities depend on and relate to the ocean, coastal areas and marine life (https://oneoceanhub.org/launching-the-one-ocean-learn-knowledge-translation-platform/). The focus is on connecting knowledge across different sources and enhance capacities to use integrated knowledge to contribute towards more sustainable decisions on the ocean. The Hub and UNITAR are exploring the potential to link the Danish Institute for Human Rights's database on fisheries and human rights to One Ocean Learn based on the idea of developing an 'ocean and human rights platform'. In the run up to the IYAFA Closing Celebration in Rome in March 2023, the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub, and the UNOHCHR co-organised Dialogue series on fisheries and human rights composed of two online webinars on exploring how NHRIs and international human rights mechanisms are addressing human rights issues in fishing communities on 1st and 2nd February 2023. The Dialogue series was primarily targeting national human rights institutions, the international human rights mechanisms, and key national, regional, and global civil society organisations working on fisheries and human rights. The series explored how national and international human rights actors are using their respective mandates to promote and protect the rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities. The ambition of the dialogue was to better understand current engagement and to explore opportunities for deepening their engagement and collaboration between the different actors. The first webinar of the series focused on the role of national human rights institutions (NHRIs) to address the human rights abuses and violations affecting small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The second webinar focused on protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms. Representatives from the international mechanisms shared examples of current advice and recommendations to states in relation to the human rights of small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The Dialogue Series brought together representatives of UN OHCHR, FAO, UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Michael Fakhri the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Dorothy Estrada-Tanck the Chair of the UN Working Group on Discrimination against Women and Girls, Hen Mpoano, NHRIs of the Philippines, Chile, South Africa and Colombia; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda; Legal Resources Centre, South Africa; and Hub researchers based at Durban University of Technology, South Africa and the University of Strathclyde, UK. In March 2023 the Hub collaborated with Danish Institute for Human Rights and FAO to co-organise three events as part of the IYAFA closing events in Rome, Italy: 1. An in-person or hybrid event on World Trade Organization (WTO) Fisheries Subsidies and Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights on 30th March 2023. The Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights wrote a joint policy brief on this theme based on Hub papers of fisheries subsidies and Danish Institute for Human Rights report on 'The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations' which the Hub has provided inputs (https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies), with invited participants from FAO, WTO and OECD among others. 2. Training event on accessing national and international human rights bodies on Small-Scale Fishers human rights for fisheries and environmental experts on 31st March 2023, with participation from the UNOHCHC, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food and the South African NHRI; 3. an in-person performance of empatheatre play Listen to the Sea at FAO HQs. Our contributions to the Danish Institute's planning process were incorporated in their report of the 2023 workshop, including the need for further work to: • clarify the minimum content of State conduct under international environmental law obligations, including from the perspective of Global North/South equity; • support systems thinking and capacity building (https://griffithlawjournal.org/index.php/gjlhd/article/view/1219) for more integrated approaches to the protection of human rights and the ocean at the outset, bringing together expertise from communities of practice that still operate quite separately (human health, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/human-health-depends-on-thriving-oceans/; marine ecosystem services, https://oneoceanhub.org/climate-change-ecosystem-services-in-areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction/ ); • address human rights under the "High Seas"/BBNJ Agreement (https://brill.com/view/journals/estu/38/3/article-p447_3.xml) on marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, and the importance of the human right to science in this connection; • identify new areas for research and solidarity action with ocean-dependent human rights holders, such as One Health (https://oneoceanhub.org/breaking-barriers-around-one-health/), the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/), the ocean-climate nexus (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/introduction-applying-a-human-rights-lens-to-the-ocean-climate-nexus/), the Global Biodiversity Framework (https://oneoceanhub.org/what-does-the-global-biodiversity-framework-and-other-2022-un-biodiversity-summit-outcomes-mean-for-the-ocean-and-ocean-research-part-1/; https://oneoceanhub.org/a-reflection-on-the-global-biodiversity-framework/), the plastics treaty under negotiations (https://oneoceanhub.org/providing-considerations-for-the-next-phase-of-the-plastics-treaty-negotiators/), and business and human rights (https://oneoceanhub.org/better-understanding-the-negative-impacts-of-international-investment-law-for-human-rights-and-the-environment/); and • develop a platform for further and deeper collaborations with the UN human rights bodies and national human rights institutions (https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/) to support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, including an online clinic. Danish Institute for Human Rights invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" on 2-3 November 2023 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers, fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee. She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law, and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." In her remarks, Elisa underscored the role of the human right to a healthy environment, including children's human right to a healthy environment. Read detailed summary of Elisa Morgera key messages delivered during the event in this blogpost: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. This collaboration has had demonstrable positive policy impacts. The Hub, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the FAO worked closely in raising awareness of small-scale fishers' human rights during IYAFA and planning for the IYAFA Closing. The side-events and policy brief co-developed by the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights titled "The implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" sparked dialogue on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries during IYAFA Closing in 2023 among diverse stakeholders including policy makers, civil society, and representatives of international organisations. Hub and partner organisations that are part of this collaboration are strategising to bring findings from our research on human rights and small-scale fisheries and share good practices and methodologies at the next Small-Scale Fisheries Summit that will take place in July 2024. In addition, Hub research findings were included in the 2024 report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, This collaboration also brought societal impacts. All the events co-organised as part of this collaboration provided capacity building and training to a total of 823 small-scale fishers, representatives of national human rights institutions in the Global South, and civil society on national and international human rights mechanisms that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. This collaboration has also advanced gender equality. It is estimated that over 50 per cent of attendees across these events were women. This speaks to both the interest and need of capacity building for women in small-scale fisheries sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in 2022, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub specifically co-developed a side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' that was held on 1 July 2022 in Lisbon to raise awareness on women's human rights in fisheries. The event presented innovative tools and resources that enable users to identify the human rights dimension of fisheries governance, and devise strategies to enhance sustainability of the sector, while simultaneously enhancing the development and dignity of fishing-dependent marginalised population groups such as local communities, Indigenous peoples, and workers in all parts of the sector's value chain. Gender perspective was also considered across all the outcomes generated from this collaboration including publications and events.
Impact Peer-reviewed journal articles • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. Policy Brief • Morgera E, Switzer S, Lennan M, Webster E and Bansal T. (2023) "Policy brief: the implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers • One Ocean Hub. (2022). "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/IYAFA-Spreadsheet-Key-messages_2022.06.21.pdf. • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, One Ocean Hub, and the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2022). "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals." Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf Blogposts and impact story Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). Impact stories: Research and action across scales: protecting the human rights, livelihoods, and culture of small-scale fishers. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/imapct-story-research-and-action-across-scales/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "What we learnt at the closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/what-we-learnt-at-the-closing-of-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries-and-aquaculture/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "One Ocean Hub events in Rome for the Closing of IYAFA." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/one-ocean-hub-events-in-rome-for-the-closing-of-iyafa/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Exploring the way forward from IYAFA on small-scale fishers' human rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-way-forward-from-iyafa-on-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ Morgera E. (2022). "Celebrating our progress towards transformative change in 2022." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/celebrating-our-progress-towards-transformative-change-in-2022/. Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. Morgera E. (2022). "Reflecting on the UN Ocean Conference and the need to scale up ocean action for the transformative ocean governance we all need." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-the-un-ocean-conference-and-the-need-to-scale-up-ocean-action-for-the-transformative-ocean-governance-we-all-need/. Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. One Ocean Hub (2024), HUB RESEARCH INCLUDED IN UN SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR'S REPORT ON RIGHT TO FOOD, FISHERIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE, https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-research-included-in-un-special-rapporteurs-report-on-right-to-food-fisheries-and-climate-change/ Report • Danish Institute for Human Rights report on "The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations." Available from https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies. Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. UN World Oceans Day High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants.
Start Year 2022
 
Description Expanding Alliances to Support Small-Scale Fishers 
Organisation Government of Sweden
Country Sweden 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution One Ocean Hub research and engagement activities have emphasised the importance to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fishers, fishworkers, and their communities to protect their human rights. Together with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub is bringing together human rights and environmental/fisheries organizations to support the protection of small-scale fishers' rights. Collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights began in April 2022 as part of our collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNOHCHR) (see entry "Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights Across Scales" under Collaborations). In June 2022, the Hub invited the Danish Institute to contribute to the joint High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights for the UN World Ocean Day that the Hub co-organised with FAO and UNOHCHR. See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6_o. This event advanced awareness of the need for a holistic approach to the protection of the human rights of small-scale fishers and fish workers, and to explore the different UN mandates that can contribute to better international support for small-scale fishers representatives and advocates. Building upon this event, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights further collaborated during the UN Ocean Conference on 27th June - 1st July 2022 in Lisbon, Portugal and the UN International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture Closing Celebration on 27th-31st March 2023 in Rome, Italy. These initiatives led to the co-development of a webinar series (launched in February 2023) to raise awareness among international and national human rights bodies on the need to protect the human rights of small-scale fishers. This has led to a new collaboration between the Hub, the Danish Institute and the team of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food on a global report on human rights and fisheries (to be published in late 2023) and a country visit in South Africa (to be confirmed in May 2023). In addition, the Hub and the Danish Institute may collaborate in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia in engaging the NHRIs into Hub research on small-scale fishers' rights. Furthermore, the Hub's growing collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights has led to joint planning of two events for the UN IYAFA closing celebration in March 2023 in Rome, Italy on further raising awareness of fisheries/environmental experts on the international and national human rights bodies that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, and on the need to ensure the protection of these rights in the context of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. On the latter, the Hub and the Danish Institute have published separately in 2022, with the Hub peer-reviewing the Danish Institute's reports, and the two organizations published a joint policy brief in late 2024 (a draft was released for comment before the IYAFA closing event in March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers). In late 2023, Hub Director Elisa Morgera was invited by the Danish Institute for Human Rights to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" (2-3 November 2023 Copenhagen, Denmark). The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/shedding-a-light-on-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers-complementarities-and-contrasts-between-the-un-declaration-on-peasants-rights-and-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/), fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices (https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/) to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies (https://oneoceanhub.org/changing-understandings-of-and-engagments-with-ocean-dependent-communities-empatheatre/) and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee (https://oneoceanhub.org/brainstorming-on-new-un-guidance-on-economic-social-and-cultural-rights-and-sustainable-development/). She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law (https://oneoceanhub.org/global-coalition-on-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-environment-of-which-the-hub-is-part-honoured-with-the-2023-un-human-rights-prize/), and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." The meeting allowed the Hub to provide inputs into the new research planning and fund-raising by the Danish Institute, which is keen to work with the Hub on joint initiatives as part of the Hub's legacy: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. At the Danish Institute workshop, the Hub was also able to explore new collaboration opportunities with the Network of the African National Human Rights Institutions, which will be explored in 2024. Finally, the Hub contributed to the call for evidence of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food (https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/2023/call-input-right-food-and-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries) for his next report on fisheries, which will be released in March 2024. In 2023, thanks to an introduction by the Danish Institute, NANHRI invited the Hub to contribute to 14 Biennial Conference on "Nurturing Responsible Business Conduct and Respect for Human Rights in Africa" (18-20 October 2023 in Accra, Ghana.) Dr Sulley Ibrahim, the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, presented empirical research findings of relevance to business in the context of the triple threat of climate change, marine litter and the depletion of fish stock due to overfishing and illicit fishing: https://oneoceanhub.org/clarifying-business-responsibility-to-respect-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-ocean/. In 2024, Hub research findings were included in the report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, focused on fisheries and the right to food in the context of climate change (A/HRC/55/49), with a focus on the advancement of the human rights of small-scale fishers and Indigenous Peoples. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Durban University of Technology, South Africa • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in Global South: • partner organisations based in the Global North: United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organisation, Italy; United Nations Institute for Training and Research, Switzerland; World Wide Fund for Nature The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Government of Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Africa; Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda, Uganda; Hen Mpoano, Ghana; COAST Foundation, Bangladesh; African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA); Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), Kenya; Locally-Managed Marine Area (LMMA) network, Fiji • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Danish Institute for Human Rights, Denmark; Government of Sweden, Sweden; Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Switzerland; International Ocean Institute (IOI), Malta; Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), Fiji; Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, Washington; Association of Commonwealth Universities, UK; Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Sweden; Women in Ocean Science, UK; Commonwealth Blue Charter, UK; Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Belgium; Bread for the World Institute, US; Low Impact Fishers of Europe, Belgium; AKTEA Women in Fisheries, Italy; Blue Ventures, UK.
Collaborator Contribution Since April 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights and the One Ocean Hub have collaborated on sharing findings on small-scale fisheries and human rights research and develop capacity-building approaches, particularly through the Danish Institute's collaboration with African National Human Rights Institutes and their strong links with the UN Working Group on Business and Human Rights and the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub are collaborating in research on small-scale fishers' human rights in Ghana and on the issue of fisheries subsidies. The Danish Institute for Human Rights has worked with the Ministry of Justice of Ghana, the National Human rights Commission, and the same NGO that one of the Hub's partner in Ghana, the University of Cape Coast, is work with namely the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). Drawing from the Danish Institute for Human Rights engagement with these stakeholders in Ghana and their long-standing work on integrating human rights in environment impact assessment in fisheries sector, the Danish Institute for Human Rights could support the Hub in developing the strategic environmental assessment and bringing together different ministries in Ghana to discuss reducing fishing efforts and protecting small-scale fishers' human rights. In 2022 and 2023, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights have collaborated to promote the human rights of small-scale fishers across three different international processes including the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022, the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022, and the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2023. At the Hub led High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Right for the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022. Ms Sille Stidsen, the Department Director of Human Rights and Development at the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), explained that the DIHR works as a national human rights institution, but also has an international mandate to support human rights institutions in other countries. The DIHR examined more than 200,000 recommendations from across international human rights bodies and procedures, and found out that not many (only 70) addressed the human rights of fishers in the context of fisheries management and conservation, with regard to: equality and non-discrimination, often in relation to government's allocation of fishing quotas (e.g., Iceland, South Africa, Morocco and Myanmar); the right to an adequate standard of living, dealing with the deprivation of local fishing communities of means of subsistence (e.g., Senegal and Djibouti); the right to a healthy environment in relation to marine environmental pollution, climate change affecting fishing communities dependent on marine resources (e.g., Nigeria and Madagascar); the rights of indigenous peoples with respect to access to fishing grounds (e.g., Norway, Mexico and South Africa); and special measures to secure fishing-dependent and marginalized communities access to marine resources and markets (e.g., Philippines, Indonesia and Maldives). At the event Ms Stidsen noted that it is important to give more focus on small-scale fishers in UN human rights monitoring mechanisms, ensure capacity-building for institutions working on human rights and small-scale fisheries, related data-sharing and reporting at national and international levels, file complaints regarding human rights violations to national and international human rights monitoring bodies. The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues held a session in April 2022, which resulted in the recommendation addressed to FAO to prepare a study on the impacts of industrial fishing on the rights of Indigenous Peoples regarding traditional fishing; and to FAO and the International Labour Organization (ILO) to conduct a study on human rights violations suffered by Indigenous Peoples in the fishing sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights was one of the co-organisers of the side-event titled 'The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28th June 2023. Their contribution to the Hub-led side event focused on guidance on business due diligence and environmental impact assessment. Ms Tulika Bansal shared key findings from a recent sector-wide assessment of Chile's salmon industry on the human right impacts on workers, communities, including indigenous and small-scale fishers, and other rights-holders that the Danish Institute for Human Rights has carried out: • Independent research is lacking on human rights impacts of businesses in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors; • Existing research tends to focus on environmental impacts, less on social and human rights dimensions; • Interdisciplinary teams are lacking to assess human rights closely from environmental, social and health disciplines; • There is lack of expertise on human rights by those working in the sectors, both states and companies, but also auditors (e.g. in certification). • She concluded that there is a pressing need to enhance research and collaboration to better assess, document and most importantly, address the human rights impacts in fisheries and aquaculture. The Danish Institute for Human Rights also invited the Hub to support their event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022. The event highlighted that strategies for strengthening ocean-based economies must be aligned with human rights standards and take adequate considerations towards population groups, including women, dependent on coastal ecosystems and marine resources. This entails following a gender sensitive and human rights-based approach to policy and programme development - and aligning business activities and the States' regulation of the private sector with the UN Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights. The event was co-organised by 14 other organisations that are actively working to advance protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. These include the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation (SSNC), Women in Ocean Science, the Commonwealth Blue Charter, COAST Foundation, the African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA), Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Bread for the World, Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), LMMA network, Low Impact Fishers of Europe (LIFE) and AKTEA, Blue Ventures, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and the Government of Sweden. Also during the UN Ocean Conference, the Hub invited the Danish Institute for Human Rights to United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)-led side-event titled 'From Ocean Knowledge to Action: Developing Capacity to Create a Sustainable Ocean Economy' on 30 June 2022 that was co-organised with One Ocean Hub, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and the International Ocean Institute (IOI) to launch One Ocean Learn (https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/). The Hub and the Green Development and Climate Change Programme Unit of UNITAR have been working over the past three years to create the One Ocean Learn, an innovative online platform which aims to support global capacity building by translating ocean knowledge into action-oriented learning for activists, communities, development practitioners, policymakers and researchers on the ways in which global, national and local communities depend on and relate to the ocean, coastal areas and marine life (https://oneoceanhub.org/launching-the-one-ocean-learn-knowledge-translation-platform/). The focus is on connecting knowledge across different sources and enhance capacities to use integrated knowledge to contribute towards more sustainable decisions on the ocean. The Hub and UNITAR are exploring the potential to link the Danish Institute for Human Rights's database on fisheries and human rights to One Ocean Learn based on the idea of developing an 'ocean and human rights platform'. In the run up to the IYAFA Closing Celebration in Rome in March 2023, the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub, and the UNOHCHR co-organised Dialogue series on fisheries and human rights composed of two online webinars on exploring how NHRIs and international human rights mechanisms are addressing human rights issues in fishing communities on 1st and 2nd February 2023. The Dialogue series was primarily targeting national human rights institutions, the international human rights mechanisms, and key national, regional, and global civil society organisations working on fisheries and human rights. The series explored how national and international human rights actors are using their respective mandates to promote and protect the rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities. The ambition of the dialogue was to better understand current engagement and to explore opportunities for deepening their engagement and collaboration between the different actors. The first webinar of the series focused on the role of national human rights institutions (NHRIs) to address the human rights abuses and violations affecting small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The second webinar focused on protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms. Representatives from the international mechanisms shared examples of current advice and recommendations to states in relation to the human rights of small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The Dialogue Series brought together representatives of UN OHCHR, FAO, UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Michael Fakhri the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Dorothy Estrada-Tanck the Chair of the UN Working Group on Discrimination against Women and Girls, Hen Mpoano, NHRIs of the Philippines, Chile, South Africa and Colombia; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda; Legal Resources Centre, South Africa; and Hub researchers based at Durban University of Technology, South Africa and the University of Strathclyde, UK. In March 2023 the Hub collaborated with Danish Institute for Human Rights and FAO to co-organise three events as part of the IYAFA closing events in Rome, Italy: 1. An in-person or hybrid event on World Trade Organization (WTO) Fisheries Subsidies and Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights on 30th March 2023. The Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights wrote a joint policy brief on this theme based on Hub papers of fisheries subsidies and Danish Institute for Human Rights report on 'The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations' which the Hub has provided inputs (https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies), with invited participants from FAO, WTO and OECD among others. 2. Training event on accessing national and international human rights bodies on Small-Scale Fishers human rights for fisheries and environmental experts on 31st March 2023, with participation from the UNOHCHC, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food and the South African NHRI; 3. an in-person performance of empatheatre play Listen to the Sea at FAO HQs. Our contributions to the Danish Institute's planning process were incorporated in their report of the 2023 workshop, including the need for further work to: • clarify the minimum content of State conduct under international environmental law obligations, including from the perspective of Global North/South equity; • support systems thinking and capacity building (https://griffithlawjournal.org/index.php/gjlhd/article/view/1219) for more integrated approaches to the protection of human rights and the ocean at the outset, bringing together expertise from communities of practice that still operate quite separately (human health, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/human-health-depends-on-thriving-oceans/; marine ecosystem services, https://oneoceanhub.org/climate-change-ecosystem-services-in-areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction/ ); • address human rights under the "High Seas"/BBNJ Agreement (https://brill.com/view/journals/estu/38/3/article-p447_3.xml) on marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, and the importance of the human right to science in this connection; • identify new areas for research and solidarity action with ocean-dependent human rights holders, such as One Health (https://oneoceanhub.org/breaking-barriers-around-one-health/), the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/), the ocean-climate nexus (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/introduction-applying-a-human-rights-lens-to-the-ocean-climate-nexus/), the Global Biodiversity Framework (https://oneoceanhub.org/what-does-the-global-biodiversity-framework-and-other-2022-un-biodiversity-summit-outcomes-mean-for-the-ocean-and-ocean-research-part-1/; https://oneoceanhub.org/a-reflection-on-the-global-biodiversity-framework/), the plastics treaty under negotiations (https://oneoceanhub.org/providing-considerations-for-the-next-phase-of-the-plastics-treaty-negotiators/), and business and human rights (https://oneoceanhub.org/better-understanding-the-negative-impacts-of-international-investment-law-for-human-rights-and-the-environment/); and • develop a platform for further and deeper collaborations with the UN human rights bodies and national human rights institutions (https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/) to support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, including an online clinic. Danish Institute for Human Rights invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" on 2-3 November 2023 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers, fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee. She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law, and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." In her remarks, Elisa underscored the role of the human right to a healthy environment, including children's human right to a healthy environment. Read detailed summary of Elisa Morgera key messages delivered during the event in this blogpost: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. This collaboration has had demonstrable positive policy impacts. The Hub, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the FAO worked closely in raising awareness of small-scale fishers' human rights during IYAFA and planning for the IYAFA Closing. The side-events and policy brief co-developed by the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights titled "The implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" sparked dialogue on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries during IYAFA Closing in 2023 among diverse stakeholders including policy makers, civil society, and representatives of international organisations. Hub and partner organisations that are part of this collaboration are strategising to bring findings from our research on human rights and small-scale fisheries and share good practices and methodologies at the next Small-Scale Fisheries Summit that will take place in July 2024. In addition, Hub research findings were included in the 2024 report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, This collaboration also brought societal impacts. All the events co-organised as part of this collaboration provided capacity building and training to a total of 823 small-scale fishers, representatives of national human rights institutions in the Global South, and civil society on national and international human rights mechanisms that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. This collaboration has also advanced gender equality. It is estimated that over 50 per cent of attendees across these events were women. This speaks to both the interest and need of capacity building for women in small-scale fisheries sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in 2022, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub specifically co-developed a side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' that was held on 1 July 2022 in Lisbon to raise awareness on women's human rights in fisheries. The event presented innovative tools and resources that enable users to identify the human rights dimension of fisheries governance, and devise strategies to enhance sustainability of the sector, while simultaneously enhancing the development and dignity of fishing-dependent marginalised population groups such as local communities, Indigenous peoples, and workers in all parts of the sector's value chain. Gender perspective was also considered across all the outcomes generated from this collaboration including publications and events.
Impact Peer-reviewed journal articles • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. Policy Brief • Morgera E, Switzer S, Lennan M, Webster E and Bansal T. (2023) "Policy brief: the implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers • One Ocean Hub. (2022). "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/IYAFA-Spreadsheet-Key-messages_2022.06.21.pdf. • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, One Ocean Hub, and the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2022). "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals." Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf Blogposts and impact story Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). Impact stories: Research and action across scales: protecting the human rights, livelihoods, and culture of small-scale fishers. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/imapct-story-research-and-action-across-scales/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "What we learnt at the closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/what-we-learnt-at-the-closing-of-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries-and-aquaculture/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "One Ocean Hub events in Rome for the Closing of IYAFA." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/one-ocean-hub-events-in-rome-for-the-closing-of-iyafa/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Exploring the way forward from IYAFA on small-scale fishers' human rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-way-forward-from-iyafa-on-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ Morgera E. (2022). "Celebrating our progress towards transformative change in 2022." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/celebrating-our-progress-towards-transformative-change-in-2022/. Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. Morgera E. (2022). "Reflecting on the UN Ocean Conference and the need to scale up ocean action for the transformative ocean governance we all need." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-the-un-ocean-conference-and-the-need-to-scale-up-ocean-action-for-the-transformative-ocean-governance-we-all-need/. Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. One Ocean Hub (2024), HUB RESEARCH INCLUDED IN UN SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR'S REPORT ON RIGHT TO FOOD, FISHERIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE, https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-research-included-in-un-special-rapporteurs-report-on-right-to-food-fisheries-and-climate-change/ Report • Danish Institute for Human Rights report on "The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations." Available from https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies. Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. UN World Oceans Day High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants.
Start Year 2022
 
Description Expanding Alliances to Support Small-Scale Fishers 
Organisation Low Impact Fishers of Europe
Sector Public 
PI Contribution One Ocean Hub research and engagement activities have emphasised the importance to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fishers, fishworkers, and their communities to protect their human rights. Together with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub is bringing together human rights and environmental/fisheries organizations to support the protection of small-scale fishers' rights. Collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights began in April 2022 as part of our collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNOHCHR) (see entry "Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights Across Scales" under Collaborations). In June 2022, the Hub invited the Danish Institute to contribute to the joint High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights for the UN World Ocean Day that the Hub co-organised with FAO and UNOHCHR. See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6_o. This event advanced awareness of the need for a holistic approach to the protection of the human rights of small-scale fishers and fish workers, and to explore the different UN mandates that can contribute to better international support for small-scale fishers representatives and advocates. Building upon this event, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights further collaborated during the UN Ocean Conference on 27th June - 1st July 2022 in Lisbon, Portugal and the UN International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture Closing Celebration on 27th-31st March 2023 in Rome, Italy. These initiatives led to the co-development of a webinar series (launched in February 2023) to raise awareness among international and national human rights bodies on the need to protect the human rights of small-scale fishers. This has led to a new collaboration between the Hub, the Danish Institute and the team of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food on a global report on human rights and fisheries (to be published in late 2023) and a country visit in South Africa (to be confirmed in May 2023). In addition, the Hub and the Danish Institute may collaborate in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia in engaging the NHRIs into Hub research on small-scale fishers' rights. Furthermore, the Hub's growing collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights has led to joint planning of two events for the UN IYAFA closing celebration in March 2023 in Rome, Italy on further raising awareness of fisheries/environmental experts on the international and national human rights bodies that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, and on the need to ensure the protection of these rights in the context of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. On the latter, the Hub and the Danish Institute have published separately in 2022, with the Hub peer-reviewing the Danish Institute's reports, and the two organizations published a joint policy brief in late 2024 (a draft was released for comment before the IYAFA closing event in March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers). In late 2023, Hub Director Elisa Morgera was invited by the Danish Institute for Human Rights to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" (2-3 November 2023 Copenhagen, Denmark). The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/shedding-a-light-on-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers-complementarities-and-contrasts-between-the-un-declaration-on-peasants-rights-and-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/), fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices (https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/) to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies (https://oneoceanhub.org/changing-understandings-of-and-engagments-with-ocean-dependent-communities-empatheatre/) and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee (https://oneoceanhub.org/brainstorming-on-new-un-guidance-on-economic-social-and-cultural-rights-and-sustainable-development/). She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law (https://oneoceanhub.org/global-coalition-on-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-environment-of-which-the-hub-is-part-honoured-with-the-2023-un-human-rights-prize/), and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." The meeting allowed the Hub to provide inputs into the new research planning and fund-raising by the Danish Institute, which is keen to work with the Hub on joint initiatives as part of the Hub's legacy: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. At the Danish Institute workshop, the Hub was also able to explore new collaboration opportunities with the Network of the African National Human Rights Institutions, which will be explored in 2024. Finally, the Hub contributed to the call for evidence of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food (https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/2023/call-input-right-food-and-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries) for his next report on fisheries, which will be released in March 2024. In 2023, thanks to an introduction by the Danish Institute, NANHRI invited the Hub to contribute to 14 Biennial Conference on "Nurturing Responsible Business Conduct and Respect for Human Rights in Africa" (18-20 October 2023 in Accra, Ghana.) Dr Sulley Ibrahim, the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, presented empirical research findings of relevance to business in the context of the triple threat of climate change, marine litter and the depletion of fish stock due to overfishing and illicit fishing: https://oneoceanhub.org/clarifying-business-responsibility-to-respect-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-ocean/. In 2024, Hub research findings were included in the report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, focused on fisheries and the right to food in the context of climate change (A/HRC/55/49), with a focus on the advancement of the human rights of small-scale fishers and Indigenous Peoples. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Durban University of Technology, South Africa • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in Global South: • partner organisations based in the Global North: United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organisation, Italy; United Nations Institute for Training and Research, Switzerland; World Wide Fund for Nature The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Government of Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Africa; Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda, Uganda; Hen Mpoano, Ghana; COAST Foundation, Bangladesh; African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA); Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), Kenya; Locally-Managed Marine Area (LMMA) network, Fiji • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Danish Institute for Human Rights, Denmark; Government of Sweden, Sweden; Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Switzerland; International Ocean Institute (IOI), Malta; Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), Fiji; Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, Washington; Association of Commonwealth Universities, UK; Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Sweden; Women in Ocean Science, UK; Commonwealth Blue Charter, UK; Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Belgium; Bread for the World Institute, US; Low Impact Fishers of Europe, Belgium; AKTEA Women in Fisheries, Italy; Blue Ventures, UK.
Collaborator Contribution Since April 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights and the One Ocean Hub have collaborated on sharing findings on small-scale fisheries and human rights research and develop capacity-building approaches, particularly through the Danish Institute's collaboration with African National Human Rights Institutes and their strong links with the UN Working Group on Business and Human Rights and the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub are collaborating in research on small-scale fishers' human rights in Ghana and on the issue of fisheries subsidies. The Danish Institute for Human Rights has worked with the Ministry of Justice of Ghana, the National Human rights Commission, and the same NGO that one of the Hub's partner in Ghana, the University of Cape Coast, is work with namely the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). Drawing from the Danish Institute for Human Rights engagement with these stakeholders in Ghana and their long-standing work on integrating human rights in environment impact assessment in fisheries sector, the Danish Institute for Human Rights could support the Hub in developing the strategic environmental assessment and bringing together different ministries in Ghana to discuss reducing fishing efforts and protecting small-scale fishers' human rights. In 2022 and 2023, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights have collaborated to promote the human rights of small-scale fishers across three different international processes including the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022, the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022, and the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2023. At the Hub led High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Right for the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022. Ms Sille Stidsen, the Department Director of Human Rights and Development at the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), explained that the DIHR works as a national human rights institution, but also has an international mandate to support human rights institutions in other countries. The DIHR examined more than 200,000 recommendations from across international human rights bodies and procedures, and found out that not many (only 70) addressed the human rights of fishers in the context of fisheries management and conservation, with regard to: equality and non-discrimination, often in relation to government's allocation of fishing quotas (e.g., Iceland, South Africa, Morocco and Myanmar); the right to an adequate standard of living, dealing with the deprivation of local fishing communities of means of subsistence (e.g., Senegal and Djibouti); the right to a healthy environment in relation to marine environmental pollution, climate change affecting fishing communities dependent on marine resources (e.g., Nigeria and Madagascar); the rights of indigenous peoples with respect to access to fishing grounds (e.g., Norway, Mexico and South Africa); and special measures to secure fishing-dependent and marginalized communities access to marine resources and markets (e.g., Philippines, Indonesia and Maldives). At the event Ms Stidsen noted that it is important to give more focus on small-scale fishers in UN human rights monitoring mechanisms, ensure capacity-building for institutions working on human rights and small-scale fisheries, related data-sharing and reporting at national and international levels, file complaints regarding human rights violations to national and international human rights monitoring bodies. The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues held a session in April 2022, which resulted in the recommendation addressed to FAO to prepare a study on the impacts of industrial fishing on the rights of Indigenous Peoples regarding traditional fishing; and to FAO and the International Labour Organization (ILO) to conduct a study on human rights violations suffered by Indigenous Peoples in the fishing sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights was one of the co-organisers of the side-event titled 'The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28th June 2023. Their contribution to the Hub-led side event focused on guidance on business due diligence and environmental impact assessment. Ms Tulika Bansal shared key findings from a recent sector-wide assessment of Chile's salmon industry on the human right impacts on workers, communities, including indigenous and small-scale fishers, and other rights-holders that the Danish Institute for Human Rights has carried out: • Independent research is lacking on human rights impacts of businesses in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors; • Existing research tends to focus on environmental impacts, less on social and human rights dimensions; • Interdisciplinary teams are lacking to assess human rights closely from environmental, social and health disciplines; • There is lack of expertise on human rights by those working in the sectors, both states and companies, but also auditors (e.g. in certification). • She concluded that there is a pressing need to enhance research and collaboration to better assess, document and most importantly, address the human rights impacts in fisheries and aquaculture. The Danish Institute for Human Rights also invited the Hub to support their event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022. The event highlighted that strategies for strengthening ocean-based economies must be aligned with human rights standards and take adequate considerations towards population groups, including women, dependent on coastal ecosystems and marine resources. This entails following a gender sensitive and human rights-based approach to policy and programme development - and aligning business activities and the States' regulation of the private sector with the UN Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights. The event was co-organised by 14 other organisations that are actively working to advance protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. These include the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation (SSNC), Women in Ocean Science, the Commonwealth Blue Charter, COAST Foundation, the African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA), Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Bread for the World, Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), LMMA network, Low Impact Fishers of Europe (LIFE) and AKTEA, Blue Ventures, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and the Government of Sweden. Also during the UN Ocean Conference, the Hub invited the Danish Institute for Human Rights to United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)-led side-event titled 'From Ocean Knowledge to Action: Developing Capacity to Create a Sustainable Ocean Economy' on 30 June 2022 that was co-organised with One Ocean Hub, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and the International Ocean Institute (IOI) to launch One Ocean Learn (https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/). The Hub and the Green Development and Climate Change Programme Unit of UNITAR have been working over the past three years to create the One Ocean Learn, an innovative online platform which aims to support global capacity building by translating ocean knowledge into action-oriented learning for activists, communities, development practitioners, policymakers and researchers on the ways in which global, national and local communities depend on and relate to the ocean, coastal areas and marine life (https://oneoceanhub.org/launching-the-one-ocean-learn-knowledge-translation-platform/). The focus is on connecting knowledge across different sources and enhance capacities to use integrated knowledge to contribute towards more sustainable decisions on the ocean. The Hub and UNITAR are exploring the potential to link the Danish Institute for Human Rights's database on fisheries and human rights to One Ocean Learn based on the idea of developing an 'ocean and human rights platform'. In the run up to the IYAFA Closing Celebration in Rome in March 2023, the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub, and the UNOHCHR co-organised Dialogue series on fisheries and human rights composed of two online webinars on exploring how NHRIs and international human rights mechanisms are addressing human rights issues in fishing communities on 1st and 2nd February 2023. The Dialogue series was primarily targeting national human rights institutions, the international human rights mechanisms, and key national, regional, and global civil society organisations working on fisheries and human rights. The series explored how national and international human rights actors are using their respective mandates to promote and protect the rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities. The ambition of the dialogue was to better understand current engagement and to explore opportunities for deepening their engagement and collaboration between the different actors. The first webinar of the series focused on the role of national human rights institutions (NHRIs) to address the human rights abuses and violations affecting small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The second webinar focused on protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms. Representatives from the international mechanisms shared examples of current advice and recommendations to states in relation to the human rights of small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The Dialogue Series brought together representatives of UN OHCHR, FAO, UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Michael Fakhri the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Dorothy Estrada-Tanck the Chair of the UN Working Group on Discrimination against Women and Girls, Hen Mpoano, NHRIs of the Philippines, Chile, South Africa and Colombia; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda; Legal Resources Centre, South Africa; and Hub researchers based at Durban University of Technology, South Africa and the University of Strathclyde, UK. In March 2023 the Hub collaborated with Danish Institute for Human Rights and FAO to co-organise three events as part of the IYAFA closing events in Rome, Italy: 1. An in-person or hybrid event on World Trade Organization (WTO) Fisheries Subsidies and Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights on 30th March 2023. The Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights wrote a joint policy brief on this theme based on Hub papers of fisheries subsidies and Danish Institute for Human Rights report on 'The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations' which the Hub has provided inputs (https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies), with invited participants from FAO, WTO and OECD among others. 2. Training event on accessing national and international human rights bodies on Small-Scale Fishers human rights for fisheries and environmental experts on 31st March 2023, with participation from the UNOHCHC, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food and the South African NHRI; 3. an in-person performance of empatheatre play Listen to the Sea at FAO HQs. Our contributions to the Danish Institute's planning process were incorporated in their report of the 2023 workshop, including the need for further work to: • clarify the minimum content of State conduct under international environmental law obligations, including from the perspective of Global North/South equity; • support systems thinking and capacity building (https://griffithlawjournal.org/index.php/gjlhd/article/view/1219) for more integrated approaches to the protection of human rights and the ocean at the outset, bringing together expertise from communities of practice that still operate quite separately (human health, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/human-health-depends-on-thriving-oceans/; marine ecosystem services, https://oneoceanhub.org/climate-change-ecosystem-services-in-areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction/ ); • address human rights under the "High Seas"/BBNJ Agreement (https://brill.com/view/journals/estu/38/3/article-p447_3.xml) on marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, and the importance of the human right to science in this connection; • identify new areas for research and solidarity action with ocean-dependent human rights holders, such as One Health (https://oneoceanhub.org/breaking-barriers-around-one-health/), the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/), the ocean-climate nexus (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/introduction-applying-a-human-rights-lens-to-the-ocean-climate-nexus/), the Global Biodiversity Framework (https://oneoceanhub.org/what-does-the-global-biodiversity-framework-and-other-2022-un-biodiversity-summit-outcomes-mean-for-the-ocean-and-ocean-research-part-1/; https://oneoceanhub.org/a-reflection-on-the-global-biodiversity-framework/), the plastics treaty under negotiations (https://oneoceanhub.org/providing-considerations-for-the-next-phase-of-the-plastics-treaty-negotiators/), and business and human rights (https://oneoceanhub.org/better-understanding-the-negative-impacts-of-international-investment-law-for-human-rights-and-the-environment/); and • develop a platform for further and deeper collaborations with the UN human rights bodies and national human rights institutions (https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/) to support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, including an online clinic. Danish Institute for Human Rights invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" on 2-3 November 2023 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers, fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee. She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law, and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." In her remarks, Elisa underscored the role of the human right to a healthy environment, including children's human right to a healthy environment. Read detailed summary of Elisa Morgera key messages delivered during the event in this blogpost: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. This collaboration has had demonstrable positive policy impacts. The Hub, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the FAO worked closely in raising awareness of small-scale fishers' human rights during IYAFA and planning for the IYAFA Closing. The side-events and policy brief co-developed by the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights titled "The implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" sparked dialogue on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries during IYAFA Closing in 2023 among diverse stakeholders including policy makers, civil society, and representatives of international organisations. Hub and partner organisations that are part of this collaboration are strategising to bring findings from our research on human rights and small-scale fisheries and share good practices and methodologies at the next Small-Scale Fisheries Summit that will take place in July 2024. In addition, Hub research findings were included in the 2024 report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, This collaboration also brought societal impacts. All the events co-organised as part of this collaboration provided capacity building and training to a total of 823 small-scale fishers, representatives of national human rights institutions in the Global South, and civil society on national and international human rights mechanisms that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. This collaboration has also advanced gender equality. It is estimated that over 50 per cent of attendees across these events were women. This speaks to both the interest and need of capacity building for women in small-scale fisheries sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in 2022, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub specifically co-developed a side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' that was held on 1 July 2022 in Lisbon to raise awareness on women's human rights in fisheries. The event presented innovative tools and resources that enable users to identify the human rights dimension of fisheries governance, and devise strategies to enhance sustainability of the sector, while simultaneously enhancing the development and dignity of fishing-dependent marginalised population groups such as local communities, Indigenous peoples, and workers in all parts of the sector's value chain. Gender perspective was also considered across all the outcomes generated from this collaboration including publications and events.
Impact Peer-reviewed journal articles • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. Policy Brief • Morgera E, Switzer S, Lennan M, Webster E and Bansal T. (2023) "Policy brief: the implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers • One Ocean Hub. (2022). "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/IYAFA-Spreadsheet-Key-messages_2022.06.21.pdf. • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, One Ocean Hub, and the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2022). "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals." Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf Blogposts and impact story Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). Impact stories: Research and action across scales: protecting the human rights, livelihoods, and culture of small-scale fishers. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/imapct-story-research-and-action-across-scales/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "What we learnt at the closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/what-we-learnt-at-the-closing-of-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries-and-aquaculture/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "One Ocean Hub events in Rome for the Closing of IYAFA." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/one-ocean-hub-events-in-rome-for-the-closing-of-iyafa/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Exploring the way forward from IYAFA on small-scale fishers' human rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-way-forward-from-iyafa-on-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ Morgera E. (2022). "Celebrating our progress towards transformative change in 2022." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/celebrating-our-progress-towards-transformative-change-in-2022/. Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. Morgera E. (2022). "Reflecting on the UN Ocean Conference and the need to scale up ocean action for the transformative ocean governance we all need." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-the-un-ocean-conference-and-the-need-to-scale-up-ocean-action-for-the-transformative-ocean-governance-we-all-need/. Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. One Ocean Hub (2024), HUB RESEARCH INCLUDED IN UN SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR'S REPORT ON RIGHT TO FOOD, FISHERIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE, https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-research-included-in-un-special-rapporteurs-report-on-right-to-food-fisheries-and-climate-change/ Report • Danish Institute for Human Rights report on "The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations." Available from https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies. Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. UN World Oceans Day High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants.
Start Year 2022
 
Description Expanding Alliances to Support Small-Scale Fishers 
Organisation Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC)
Country Fiji 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution One Ocean Hub research and engagement activities have emphasised the importance to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fishers, fishworkers, and their communities to protect their human rights. Together with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub is bringing together human rights and environmental/fisheries organizations to support the protection of small-scale fishers' rights. Collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights began in April 2022 as part of our collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNOHCHR) (see entry "Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights Across Scales" under Collaborations). In June 2022, the Hub invited the Danish Institute to contribute to the joint High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights for the UN World Ocean Day that the Hub co-organised with FAO and UNOHCHR. See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6_o. This event advanced awareness of the need for a holistic approach to the protection of the human rights of small-scale fishers and fish workers, and to explore the different UN mandates that can contribute to better international support for small-scale fishers representatives and advocates. Building upon this event, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights further collaborated during the UN Ocean Conference on 27th June - 1st July 2022 in Lisbon, Portugal and the UN International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture Closing Celebration on 27th-31st March 2023 in Rome, Italy. These initiatives led to the co-development of a webinar series (launched in February 2023) to raise awareness among international and national human rights bodies on the need to protect the human rights of small-scale fishers. This has led to a new collaboration between the Hub, the Danish Institute and the team of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food on a global report on human rights and fisheries (to be published in late 2023) and a country visit in South Africa (to be confirmed in May 2023). In addition, the Hub and the Danish Institute may collaborate in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia in engaging the NHRIs into Hub research on small-scale fishers' rights. Furthermore, the Hub's growing collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights has led to joint planning of two events for the UN IYAFA closing celebration in March 2023 in Rome, Italy on further raising awareness of fisheries/environmental experts on the international and national human rights bodies that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, and on the need to ensure the protection of these rights in the context of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. On the latter, the Hub and the Danish Institute have published separately in 2022, with the Hub peer-reviewing the Danish Institute's reports, and the two organizations published a joint policy brief in late 2024 (a draft was released for comment before the IYAFA closing event in March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers). In late 2023, Hub Director Elisa Morgera was invited by the Danish Institute for Human Rights to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" (2-3 November 2023 Copenhagen, Denmark). The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/shedding-a-light-on-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers-complementarities-and-contrasts-between-the-un-declaration-on-peasants-rights-and-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/), fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices (https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/) to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies (https://oneoceanhub.org/changing-understandings-of-and-engagments-with-ocean-dependent-communities-empatheatre/) and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee (https://oneoceanhub.org/brainstorming-on-new-un-guidance-on-economic-social-and-cultural-rights-and-sustainable-development/). She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law (https://oneoceanhub.org/global-coalition-on-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-environment-of-which-the-hub-is-part-honoured-with-the-2023-un-human-rights-prize/), and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." The meeting allowed the Hub to provide inputs into the new research planning and fund-raising by the Danish Institute, which is keen to work with the Hub on joint initiatives as part of the Hub's legacy: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. At the Danish Institute workshop, the Hub was also able to explore new collaboration opportunities with the Network of the African National Human Rights Institutions, which will be explored in 2024. Finally, the Hub contributed to the call for evidence of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food (https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/2023/call-input-right-food-and-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries) for his next report on fisheries, which will be released in March 2024. In 2023, thanks to an introduction by the Danish Institute, NANHRI invited the Hub to contribute to 14 Biennial Conference on "Nurturing Responsible Business Conduct and Respect for Human Rights in Africa" (18-20 October 2023 in Accra, Ghana.) Dr Sulley Ibrahim, the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, presented empirical research findings of relevance to business in the context of the triple threat of climate change, marine litter and the depletion of fish stock due to overfishing and illicit fishing: https://oneoceanhub.org/clarifying-business-responsibility-to-respect-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-ocean/. In 2024, Hub research findings were included in the report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, focused on fisheries and the right to food in the context of climate change (A/HRC/55/49), with a focus on the advancement of the human rights of small-scale fishers and Indigenous Peoples. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Durban University of Technology, South Africa • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in Global South: • partner organisations based in the Global North: United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organisation, Italy; United Nations Institute for Training and Research, Switzerland; World Wide Fund for Nature The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Government of Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Africa; Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda, Uganda; Hen Mpoano, Ghana; COAST Foundation, Bangladesh; African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA); Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), Kenya; Locally-Managed Marine Area (LMMA) network, Fiji • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Danish Institute for Human Rights, Denmark; Government of Sweden, Sweden; Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Switzerland; International Ocean Institute (IOI), Malta; Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), Fiji; Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, Washington; Association of Commonwealth Universities, UK; Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Sweden; Women in Ocean Science, UK; Commonwealth Blue Charter, UK; Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Belgium; Bread for the World Institute, US; Low Impact Fishers of Europe, Belgium; AKTEA Women in Fisheries, Italy; Blue Ventures, UK.
Collaborator Contribution Since April 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights and the One Ocean Hub have collaborated on sharing findings on small-scale fisheries and human rights research and develop capacity-building approaches, particularly through the Danish Institute's collaboration with African National Human Rights Institutes and their strong links with the UN Working Group on Business and Human Rights and the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub are collaborating in research on small-scale fishers' human rights in Ghana and on the issue of fisheries subsidies. The Danish Institute for Human Rights has worked with the Ministry of Justice of Ghana, the National Human rights Commission, and the same NGO that one of the Hub's partner in Ghana, the University of Cape Coast, is work with namely the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). Drawing from the Danish Institute for Human Rights engagement with these stakeholders in Ghana and their long-standing work on integrating human rights in environment impact assessment in fisheries sector, the Danish Institute for Human Rights could support the Hub in developing the strategic environmental assessment and bringing together different ministries in Ghana to discuss reducing fishing efforts and protecting small-scale fishers' human rights. In 2022 and 2023, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights have collaborated to promote the human rights of small-scale fishers across three different international processes including the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022, the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022, and the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2023. At the Hub led High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Right for the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022. Ms Sille Stidsen, the Department Director of Human Rights and Development at the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), explained that the DIHR works as a national human rights institution, but also has an international mandate to support human rights institutions in other countries. The DIHR examined more than 200,000 recommendations from across international human rights bodies and procedures, and found out that not many (only 70) addressed the human rights of fishers in the context of fisheries management and conservation, with regard to: equality and non-discrimination, often in relation to government's allocation of fishing quotas (e.g., Iceland, South Africa, Morocco and Myanmar); the right to an adequate standard of living, dealing with the deprivation of local fishing communities of means of subsistence (e.g., Senegal and Djibouti); the right to a healthy environment in relation to marine environmental pollution, climate change affecting fishing communities dependent on marine resources (e.g., Nigeria and Madagascar); the rights of indigenous peoples with respect to access to fishing grounds (e.g., Norway, Mexico and South Africa); and special measures to secure fishing-dependent and marginalized communities access to marine resources and markets (e.g., Philippines, Indonesia and Maldives). At the event Ms Stidsen noted that it is important to give more focus on small-scale fishers in UN human rights monitoring mechanisms, ensure capacity-building for institutions working on human rights and small-scale fisheries, related data-sharing and reporting at national and international levels, file complaints regarding human rights violations to national and international human rights monitoring bodies. The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues held a session in April 2022, which resulted in the recommendation addressed to FAO to prepare a study on the impacts of industrial fishing on the rights of Indigenous Peoples regarding traditional fishing; and to FAO and the International Labour Organization (ILO) to conduct a study on human rights violations suffered by Indigenous Peoples in the fishing sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights was one of the co-organisers of the side-event titled 'The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28th June 2023. Their contribution to the Hub-led side event focused on guidance on business due diligence and environmental impact assessment. Ms Tulika Bansal shared key findings from a recent sector-wide assessment of Chile's salmon industry on the human right impacts on workers, communities, including indigenous and small-scale fishers, and other rights-holders that the Danish Institute for Human Rights has carried out: • Independent research is lacking on human rights impacts of businesses in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors; • Existing research tends to focus on environmental impacts, less on social and human rights dimensions; • Interdisciplinary teams are lacking to assess human rights closely from environmental, social and health disciplines; • There is lack of expertise on human rights by those working in the sectors, both states and companies, but also auditors (e.g. in certification). • She concluded that there is a pressing need to enhance research and collaboration to better assess, document and most importantly, address the human rights impacts in fisheries and aquaculture. The Danish Institute for Human Rights also invited the Hub to support their event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022. The event highlighted that strategies for strengthening ocean-based economies must be aligned with human rights standards and take adequate considerations towards population groups, including women, dependent on coastal ecosystems and marine resources. This entails following a gender sensitive and human rights-based approach to policy and programme development - and aligning business activities and the States' regulation of the private sector with the UN Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights. The event was co-organised by 14 other organisations that are actively working to advance protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. These include the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation (SSNC), Women in Ocean Science, the Commonwealth Blue Charter, COAST Foundation, the African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA), Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Bread for the World, Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), LMMA network, Low Impact Fishers of Europe (LIFE) and AKTEA, Blue Ventures, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and the Government of Sweden. Also during the UN Ocean Conference, the Hub invited the Danish Institute for Human Rights to United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)-led side-event titled 'From Ocean Knowledge to Action: Developing Capacity to Create a Sustainable Ocean Economy' on 30 June 2022 that was co-organised with One Ocean Hub, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and the International Ocean Institute (IOI) to launch One Ocean Learn (https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/). The Hub and the Green Development and Climate Change Programme Unit of UNITAR have been working over the past three years to create the One Ocean Learn, an innovative online platform which aims to support global capacity building by translating ocean knowledge into action-oriented learning for activists, communities, development practitioners, policymakers and researchers on the ways in which global, national and local communities depend on and relate to the ocean, coastal areas and marine life (https://oneoceanhub.org/launching-the-one-ocean-learn-knowledge-translation-platform/). The focus is on connecting knowledge across different sources and enhance capacities to use integrated knowledge to contribute towards more sustainable decisions on the ocean. The Hub and UNITAR are exploring the potential to link the Danish Institute for Human Rights's database on fisheries and human rights to One Ocean Learn based on the idea of developing an 'ocean and human rights platform'. In the run up to the IYAFA Closing Celebration in Rome in March 2023, the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub, and the UNOHCHR co-organised Dialogue series on fisheries and human rights composed of two online webinars on exploring how NHRIs and international human rights mechanisms are addressing human rights issues in fishing communities on 1st and 2nd February 2023. The Dialogue series was primarily targeting national human rights institutions, the international human rights mechanisms, and key national, regional, and global civil society organisations working on fisheries and human rights. The series explored how national and international human rights actors are using their respective mandates to promote and protect the rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities. The ambition of the dialogue was to better understand current engagement and to explore opportunities for deepening their engagement and collaboration between the different actors. The first webinar of the series focused on the role of national human rights institutions (NHRIs) to address the human rights abuses and violations affecting small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The second webinar focused on protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms. Representatives from the international mechanisms shared examples of current advice and recommendations to states in relation to the human rights of small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The Dialogue Series brought together representatives of UN OHCHR, FAO, UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Michael Fakhri the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Dorothy Estrada-Tanck the Chair of the UN Working Group on Discrimination against Women and Girls, Hen Mpoano, NHRIs of the Philippines, Chile, South Africa and Colombia; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda; Legal Resources Centre, South Africa; and Hub researchers based at Durban University of Technology, South Africa and the University of Strathclyde, UK. In March 2023 the Hub collaborated with Danish Institute for Human Rights and FAO to co-organise three events as part of the IYAFA closing events in Rome, Italy: 1. An in-person or hybrid event on World Trade Organization (WTO) Fisheries Subsidies and Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights on 30th March 2023. The Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights wrote a joint policy brief on this theme based on Hub papers of fisheries subsidies and Danish Institute for Human Rights report on 'The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations' which the Hub has provided inputs (https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies), with invited participants from FAO, WTO and OECD among others. 2. Training event on accessing national and international human rights bodies on Small-Scale Fishers human rights for fisheries and environmental experts on 31st March 2023, with participation from the UNOHCHC, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food and the South African NHRI; 3. an in-person performance of empatheatre play Listen to the Sea at FAO HQs. Our contributions to the Danish Institute's planning process were incorporated in their report of the 2023 workshop, including the need for further work to: • clarify the minimum content of State conduct under international environmental law obligations, including from the perspective of Global North/South equity; • support systems thinking and capacity building (https://griffithlawjournal.org/index.php/gjlhd/article/view/1219) for more integrated approaches to the protection of human rights and the ocean at the outset, bringing together expertise from communities of practice that still operate quite separately (human health, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/human-health-depends-on-thriving-oceans/; marine ecosystem services, https://oneoceanhub.org/climate-change-ecosystem-services-in-areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction/ ); • address human rights under the "High Seas"/BBNJ Agreement (https://brill.com/view/journals/estu/38/3/article-p447_3.xml) on marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, and the importance of the human right to science in this connection; • identify new areas for research and solidarity action with ocean-dependent human rights holders, such as One Health (https://oneoceanhub.org/breaking-barriers-around-one-health/), the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/), the ocean-climate nexus (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/introduction-applying-a-human-rights-lens-to-the-ocean-climate-nexus/), the Global Biodiversity Framework (https://oneoceanhub.org/what-does-the-global-biodiversity-framework-and-other-2022-un-biodiversity-summit-outcomes-mean-for-the-ocean-and-ocean-research-part-1/; https://oneoceanhub.org/a-reflection-on-the-global-biodiversity-framework/), the plastics treaty under negotiations (https://oneoceanhub.org/providing-considerations-for-the-next-phase-of-the-plastics-treaty-negotiators/), and business and human rights (https://oneoceanhub.org/better-understanding-the-negative-impacts-of-international-investment-law-for-human-rights-and-the-environment/); and • develop a platform for further and deeper collaborations with the UN human rights bodies and national human rights institutions (https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/) to support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, including an online clinic. Danish Institute for Human Rights invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" on 2-3 November 2023 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers, fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee. She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law, and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." In her remarks, Elisa underscored the role of the human right to a healthy environment, including children's human right to a healthy environment. Read detailed summary of Elisa Morgera key messages delivered during the event in this blogpost: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. This collaboration has had demonstrable positive policy impacts. The Hub, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the FAO worked closely in raising awareness of small-scale fishers' human rights during IYAFA and planning for the IYAFA Closing. The side-events and policy brief co-developed by the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights titled "The implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" sparked dialogue on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries during IYAFA Closing in 2023 among diverse stakeholders including policy makers, civil society, and representatives of international organisations. Hub and partner organisations that are part of this collaboration are strategising to bring findings from our research on human rights and small-scale fisheries and share good practices and methodologies at the next Small-Scale Fisheries Summit that will take place in July 2024. In addition, Hub research findings were included in the 2024 report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, This collaboration also brought societal impacts. All the events co-organised as part of this collaboration provided capacity building and training to a total of 823 small-scale fishers, representatives of national human rights institutions in the Global South, and civil society on national and international human rights mechanisms that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. This collaboration has also advanced gender equality. It is estimated that over 50 per cent of attendees across these events were women. This speaks to both the interest and need of capacity building for women in small-scale fisheries sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in 2022, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub specifically co-developed a side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' that was held on 1 July 2022 in Lisbon to raise awareness on women's human rights in fisheries. The event presented innovative tools and resources that enable users to identify the human rights dimension of fisheries governance, and devise strategies to enhance sustainability of the sector, while simultaneously enhancing the development and dignity of fishing-dependent marginalised population groups such as local communities, Indigenous peoples, and workers in all parts of the sector's value chain. Gender perspective was also considered across all the outcomes generated from this collaboration including publications and events.
Impact Peer-reviewed journal articles • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. Policy Brief • Morgera E, Switzer S, Lennan M, Webster E and Bansal T. (2023) "Policy brief: the implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers • One Ocean Hub. (2022). "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/IYAFA-Spreadsheet-Key-messages_2022.06.21.pdf. • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, One Ocean Hub, and the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2022). "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals." Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf Blogposts and impact story Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). Impact stories: Research and action across scales: protecting the human rights, livelihoods, and culture of small-scale fishers. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/imapct-story-research-and-action-across-scales/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "What we learnt at the closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/what-we-learnt-at-the-closing-of-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries-and-aquaculture/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "One Ocean Hub events in Rome for the Closing of IYAFA." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/one-ocean-hub-events-in-rome-for-the-closing-of-iyafa/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Exploring the way forward from IYAFA on small-scale fishers' human rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-way-forward-from-iyafa-on-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ Morgera E. (2022). "Celebrating our progress towards transformative change in 2022." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/celebrating-our-progress-towards-transformative-change-in-2022/. Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. Morgera E. (2022). "Reflecting on the UN Ocean Conference and the need to scale up ocean action for the transformative ocean governance we all need." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-the-un-ocean-conference-and-the-need-to-scale-up-ocean-action-for-the-transformative-ocean-governance-we-all-need/. Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. One Ocean Hub (2024), HUB RESEARCH INCLUDED IN UN SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR'S REPORT ON RIGHT TO FOOD, FISHERIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE, https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-research-included-in-un-special-rapporteurs-report-on-right-to-food-fisheries-and-climate-change/ Report • Danish Institute for Human Rights report on "The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations." Available from https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies. Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. UN World Oceans Day High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants.
Start Year 2022
 
Description Expanding Alliances to Support Small-Scale Fishers 
Organisation Swedish Society for Nature Conservation
Country Sweden 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution One Ocean Hub research and engagement activities have emphasised the importance to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fishers, fishworkers, and their communities to protect their human rights. Together with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub is bringing together human rights and environmental/fisheries organizations to support the protection of small-scale fishers' rights. Collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights began in April 2022 as part of our collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNOHCHR) (see entry "Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights Across Scales" under Collaborations). In June 2022, the Hub invited the Danish Institute to contribute to the joint High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights for the UN World Ocean Day that the Hub co-organised with FAO and UNOHCHR. See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6_o. This event advanced awareness of the need for a holistic approach to the protection of the human rights of small-scale fishers and fish workers, and to explore the different UN mandates that can contribute to better international support for small-scale fishers representatives and advocates. Building upon this event, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights further collaborated during the UN Ocean Conference on 27th June - 1st July 2022 in Lisbon, Portugal and the UN International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture Closing Celebration on 27th-31st March 2023 in Rome, Italy. These initiatives led to the co-development of a webinar series (launched in February 2023) to raise awareness among international and national human rights bodies on the need to protect the human rights of small-scale fishers. This has led to a new collaboration between the Hub, the Danish Institute and the team of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food on a global report on human rights and fisheries (to be published in late 2023) and a country visit in South Africa (to be confirmed in May 2023). In addition, the Hub and the Danish Institute may collaborate in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia in engaging the NHRIs into Hub research on small-scale fishers' rights. Furthermore, the Hub's growing collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights has led to joint planning of two events for the UN IYAFA closing celebration in March 2023 in Rome, Italy on further raising awareness of fisheries/environmental experts on the international and national human rights bodies that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, and on the need to ensure the protection of these rights in the context of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. On the latter, the Hub and the Danish Institute have published separately in 2022, with the Hub peer-reviewing the Danish Institute's reports, and the two organizations published a joint policy brief in late 2024 (a draft was released for comment before the IYAFA closing event in March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers). In late 2023, Hub Director Elisa Morgera was invited by the Danish Institute for Human Rights to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" (2-3 November 2023 Copenhagen, Denmark). The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/shedding-a-light-on-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers-complementarities-and-contrasts-between-the-un-declaration-on-peasants-rights-and-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/), fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices (https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/) to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies (https://oneoceanhub.org/changing-understandings-of-and-engagments-with-ocean-dependent-communities-empatheatre/) and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee (https://oneoceanhub.org/brainstorming-on-new-un-guidance-on-economic-social-and-cultural-rights-and-sustainable-development/). She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law (https://oneoceanhub.org/global-coalition-on-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-environment-of-which-the-hub-is-part-honoured-with-the-2023-un-human-rights-prize/), and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." The meeting allowed the Hub to provide inputs into the new research planning and fund-raising by the Danish Institute, which is keen to work with the Hub on joint initiatives as part of the Hub's legacy: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. At the Danish Institute workshop, the Hub was also able to explore new collaboration opportunities with the Network of the African National Human Rights Institutions, which will be explored in 2024. Finally, the Hub contributed to the call for evidence of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food (https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/2023/call-input-right-food-and-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries) for his next report on fisheries, which will be released in March 2024. In 2023, thanks to an introduction by the Danish Institute, NANHRI invited the Hub to contribute to 14 Biennial Conference on "Nurturing Responsible Business Conduct and Respect for Human Rights in Africa" (18-20 October 2023 in Accra, Ghana.) Dr Sulley Ibrahim, the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, presented empirical research findings of relevance to business in the context of the triple threat of climate change, marine litter and the depletion of fish stock due to overfishing and illicit fishing: https://oneoceanhub.org/clarifying-business-responsibility-to-respect-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-ocean/. In 2024, Hub research findings were included in the report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, focused on fisheries and the right to food in the context of climate change (A/HRC/55/49), with a focus on the advancement of the human rights of small-scale fishers and Indigenous Peoples. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Durban University of Technology, South Africa • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in Global South: • partner organisations based in the Global North: United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organisation, Italy; United Nations Institute for Training and Research, Switzerland; World Wide Fund for Nature The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Government of Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Africa; Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda, Uganda; Hen Mpoano, Ghana; COAST Foundation, Bangladesh; African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA); Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), Kenya; Locally-Managed Marine Area (LMMA) network, Fiji • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Danish Institute for Human Rights, Denmark; Government of Sweden, Sweden; Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Switzerland; International Ocean Institute (IOI), Malta; Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), Fiji; Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, Washington; Association of Commonwealth Universities, UK; Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Sweden; Women in Ocean Science, UK; Commonwealth Blue Charter, UK; Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Belgium; Bread for the World Institute, US; Low Impact Fishers of Europe, Belgium; AKTEA Women in Fisheries, Italy; Blue Ventures, UK.
Collaborator Contribution Since April 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights and the One Ocean Hub have collaborated on sharing findings on small-scale fisheries and human rights research and develop capacity-building approaches, particularly through the Danish Institute's collaboration with African National Human Rights Institutes and their strong links with the UN Working Group on Business and Human Rights and the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub are collaborating in research on small-scale fishers' human rights in Ghana and on the issue of fisheries subsidies. The Danish Institute for Human Rights has worked with the Ministry of Justice of Ghana, the National Human rights Commission, and the same NGO that one of the Hub's partner in Ghana, the University of Cape Coast, is work with namely the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). Drawing from the Danish Institute for Human Rights engagement with these stakeholders in Ghana and their long-standing work on integrating human rights in environment impact assessment in fisheries sector, the Danish Institute for Human Rights could support the Hub in developing the strategic environmental assessment and bringing together different ministries in Ghana to discuss reducing fishing efforts and protecting small-scale fishers' human rights. In 2022 and 2023, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights have collaborated to promote the human rights of small-scale fishers across three different international processes including the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022, the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022, and the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2023. At the Hub led High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Right for the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022. Ms Sille Stidsen, the Department Director of Human Rights and Development at the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), explained that the DIHR works as a national human rights institution, but also has an international mandate to support human rights institutions in other countries. The DIHR examined more than 200,000 recommendations from across international human rights bodies and procedures, and found out that not many (only 70) addressed the human rights of fishers in the context of fisheries management and conservation, with regard to: equality and non-discrimination, often in relation to government's allocation of fishing quotas (e.g., Iceland, South Africa, Morocco and Myanmar); the right to an adequate standard of living, dealing with the deprivation of local fishing communities of means of subsistence (e.g., Senegal and Djibouti); the right to a healthy environment in relation to marine environmental pollution, climate change affecting fishing communities dependent on marine resources (e.g., Nigeria and Madagascar); the rights of indigenous peoples with respect to access to fishing grounds (e.g., Norway, Mexico and South Africa); and special measures to secure fishing-dependent and marginalized communities access to marine resources and markets (e.g., Philippines, Indonesia and Maldives). At the event Ms Stidsen noted that it is important to give more focus on small-scale fishers in UN human rights monitoring mechanisms, ensure capacity-building for institutions working on human rights and small-scale fisheries, related data-sharing and reporting at national and international levels, file complaints regarding human rights violations to national and international human rights monitoring bodies. The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues held a session in April 2022, which resulted in the recommendation addressed to FAO to prepare a study on the impacts of industrial fishing on the rights of Indigenous Peoples regarding traditional fishing; and to FAO and the International Labour Organization (ILO) to conduct a study on human rights violations suffered by Indigenous Peoples in the fishing sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights was one of the co-organisers of the side-event titled 'The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28th June 2023. Their contribution to the Hub-led side event focused on guidance on business due diligence and environmental impact assessment. Ms Tulika Bansal shared key findings from a recent sector-wide assessment of Chile's salmon industry on the human right impacts on workers, communities, including indigenous and small-scale fishers, and other rights-holders that the Danish Institute for Human Rights has carried out: • Independent research is lacking on human rights impacts of businesses in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors; • Existing research tends to focus on environmental impacts, less on social and human rights dimensions; • Interdisciplinary teams are lacking to assess human rights closely from environmental, social and health disciplines; • There is lack of expertise on human rights by those working in the sectors, both states and companies, but also auditors (e.g. in certification). • She concluded that there is a pressing need to enhance research and collaboration to better assess, document and most importantly, address the human rights impacts in fisheries and aquaculture. The Danish Institute for Human Rights also invited the Hub to support their event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022. The event highlighted that strategies for strengthening ocean-based economies must be aligned with human rights standards and take adequate considerations towards population groups, including women, dependent on coastal ecosystems and marine resources. This entails following a gender sensitive and human rights-based approach to policy and programme development - and aligning business activities and the States' regulation of the private sector with the UN Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights. The event was co-organised by 14 other organisations that are actively working to advance protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. These include the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation (SSNC), Women in Ocean Science, the Commonwealth Blue Charter, COAST Foundation, the African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA), Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Bread for the World, Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), LMMA network, Low Impact Fishers of Europe (LIFE) and AKTEA, Blue Ventures, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and the Government of Sweden. Also during the UN Ocean Conference, the Hub invited the Danish Institute for Human Rights to United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)-led side-event titled 'From Ocean Knowledge to Action: Developing Capacity to Create a Sustainable Ocean Economy' on 30 June 2022 that was co-organised with One Ocean Hub, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and the International Ocean Institute (IOI) to launch One Ocean Learn (https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/). The Hub and the Green Development and Climate Change Programme Unit of UNITAR have been working over the past three years to create the One Ocean Learn, an innovative online platform which aims to support global capacity building by translating ocean knowledge into action-oriented learning for activists, communities, development practitioners, policymakers and researchers on the ways in which global, national and local communities depend on and relate to the ocean, coastal areas and marine life (https://oneoceanhub.org/launching-the-one-ocean-learn-knowledge-translation-platform/). The focus is on connecting knowledge across different sources and enhance capacities to use integrated knowledge to contribute towards more sustainable decisions on the ocean. The Hub and UNITAR are exploring the potential to link the Danish Institute for Human Rights's database on fisheries and human rights to One Ocean Learn based on the idea of developing an 'ocean and human rights platform'. In the run up to the IYAFA Closing Celebration in Rome in March 2023, the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub, and the UNOHCHR co-organised Dialogue series on fisheries and human rights composed of two online webinars on exploring how NHRIs and international human rights mechanisms are addressing human rights issues in fishing communities on 1st and 2nd February 2023. The Dialogue series was primarily targeting national human rights institutions, the international human rights mechanisms, and key national, regional, and global civil society organisations working on fisheries and human rights. The series explored how national and international human rights actors are using their respective mandates to promote and protect the rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities. The ambition of the dialogue was to better understand current engagement and to explore opportunities for deepening their engagement and collaboration between the different actors. The first webinar of the series focused on the role of national human rights institutions (NHRIs) to address the human rights abuses and violations affecting small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The second webinar focused on protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms. Representatives from the international mechanisms shared examples of current advice and recommendations to states in relation to the human rights of small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The Dialogue Series brought together representatives of UN OHCHR, FAO, UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Michael Fakhri the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Dorothy Estrada-Tanck the Chair of the UN Working Group on Discrimination against Women and Girls, Hen Mpoano, NHRIs of the Philippines, Chile, South Africa and Colombia; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda; Legal Resources Centre, South Africa; and Hub researchers based at Durban University of Technology, South Africa and the University of Strathclyde, UK. In March 2023 the Hub collaborated with Danish Institute for Human Rights and FAO to co-organise three events as part of the IYAFA closing events in Rome, Italy: 1. An in-person or hybrid event on World Trade Organization (WTO) Fisheries Subsidies and Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights on 30th March 2023. The Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights wrote a joint policy brief on this theme based on Hub papers of fisheries subsidies and Danish Institute for Human Rights report on 'The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations' which the Hub has provided inputs (https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies), with invited participants from FAO, WTO and OECD among others. 2. Training event on accessing national and international human rights bodies on Small-Scale Fishers human rights for fisheries and environmental experts on 31st March 2023, with participation from the UNOHCHC, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food and the South African NHRI; 3. an in-person performance of empatheatre play Listen to the Sea at FAO HQs. Our contributions to the Danish Institute's planning process were incorporated in their report of the 2023 workshop, including the need for further work to: • clarify the minimum content of State conduct under international environmental law obligations, including from the perspective of Global North/South equity; • support systems thinking and capacity building (https://griffithlawjournal.org/index.php/gjlhd/article/view/1219) for more integrated approaches to the protection of human rights and the ocean at the outset, bringing together expertise from communities of practice that still operate quite separately (human health, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/human-health-depends-on-thriving-oceans/; marine ecosystem services, https://oneoceanhub.org/climate-change-ecosystem-services-in-areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction/ ); • address human rights under the "High Seas"/BBNJ Agreement (https://brill.com/view/journals/estu/38/3/article-p447_3.xml) on marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, and the importance of the human right to science in this connection; • identify new areas for research and solidarity action with ocean-dependent human rights holders, such as One Health (https://oneoceanhub.org/breaking-barriers-around-one-health/), the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/), the ocean-climate nexus (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/introduction-applying-a-human-rights-lens-to-the-ocean-climate-nexus/), the Global Biodiversity Framework (https://oneoceanhub.org/what-does-the-global-biodiversity-framework-and-other-2022-un-biodiversity-summit-outcomes-mean-for-the-ocean-and-ocean-research-part-1/; https://oneoceanhub.org/a-reflection-on-the-global-biodiversity-framework/), the plastics treaty under negotiations (https://oneoceanhub.org/providing-considerations-for-the-next-phase-of-the-plastics-treaty-negotiators/), and business and human rights (https://oneoceanhub.org/better-understanding-the-negative-impacts-of-international-investment-law-for-human-rights-and-the-environment/); and • develop a platform for further and deeper collaborations with the UN human rights bodies and national human rights institutions (https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/) to support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, including an online clinic. Danish Institute for Human Rights invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" on 2-3 November 2023 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers, fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee. She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law, and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." In her remarks, Elisa underscored the role of the human right to a healthy environment, including children's human right to a healthy environment. Read detailed summary of Elisa Morgera key messages delivered during the event in this blogpost: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. This collaboration has had demonstrable positive policy impacts. The Hub, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the FAO worked closely in raising awareness of small-scale fishers' human rights during IYAFA and planning for the IYAFA Closing. The side-events and policy brief co-developed by the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights titled "The implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" sparked dialogue on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries during IYAFA Closing in 2023 among diverse stakeholders including policy makers, civil society, and representatives of international organisations. Hub and partner organisations that are part of this collaboration are strategising to bring findings from our research on human rights and small-scale fisheries and share good practices and methodologies at the next Small-Scale Fisheries Summit that will take place in July 2024. In addition, Hub research findings were included in the 2024 report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, This collaboration also brought societal impacts. All the events co-organised as part of this collaboration provided capacity building and training to a total of 823 small-scale fishers, representatives of national human rights institutions in the Global South, and civil society on national and international human rights mechanisms that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. This collaboration has also advanced gender equality. It is estimated that over 50 per cent of attendees across these events were women. This speaks to both the interest and need of capacity building for women in small-scale fisheries sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in 2022, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub specifically co-developed a side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' that was held on 1 July 2022 in Lisbon to raise awareness on women's human rights in fisheries. The event presented innovative tools and resources that enable users to identify the human rights dimension of fisheries governance, and devise strategies to enhance sustainability of the sector, while simultaneously enhancing the development and dignity of fishing-dependent marginalised population groups such as local communities, Indigenous peoples, and workers in all parts of the sector's value chain. Gender perspective was also considered across all the outcomes generated from this collaboration including publications and events.
Impact Peer-reviewed journal articles • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. Policy Brief • Morgera E, Switzer S, Lennan M, Webster E and Bansal T. (2023) "Policy brief: the implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers • One Ocean Hub. (2022). "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/IYAFA-Spreadsheet-Key-messages_2022.06.21.pdf. • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, One Ocean Hub, and the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2022). "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals." Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf Blogposts and impact story Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). Impact stories: Research and action across scales: protecting the human rights, livelihoods, and culture of small-scale fishers. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/imapct-story-research-and-action-across-scales/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "What we learnt at the closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/what-we-learnt-at-the-closing-of-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries-and-aquaculture/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "One Ocean Hub events in Rome for the Closing of IYAFA." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/one-ocean-hub-events-in-rome-for-the-closing-of-iyafa/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Exploring the way forward from IYAFA on small-scale fishers' human rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-way-forward-from-iyafa-on-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ Morgera E. (2022). "Celebrating our progress towards transformative change in 2022." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/celebrating-our-progress-towards-transformative-change-in-2022/. Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. Morgera E. (2022). "Reflecting on the UN Ocean Conference and the need to scale up ocean action for the transformative ocean governance we all need." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-the-un-ocean-conference-and-the-need-to-scale-up-ocean-action-for-the-transformative-ocean-governance-we-all-need/. Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. One Ocean Hub (2024), HUB RESEARCH INCLUDED IN UN SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR'S REPORT ON RIGHT TO FOOD, FISHERIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE, https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-research-included-in-un-special-rapporteurs-report-on-right-to-food-fisheries-and-climate-change/ Report • Danish Institute for Human Rights report on "The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations." Available from https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies. Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. UN World Oceans Day High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants.
Start Year 2022
 
Description Expanding Alliances to Support Small-Scale Fishers 
Organisation United Nations (UN)
Department Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Country Switzerland 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution One Ocean Hub research and engagement activities have emphasised the importance to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fishers, fishworkers, and their communities to protect their human rights. Together with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub is bringing together human rights and environmental/fisheries organizations to support the protection of small-scale fishers' rights. Collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights began in April 2022 as part of our collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNOHCHR) (see entry "Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights Across Scales" under Collaborations). In June 2022, the Hub invited the Danish Institute to contribute to the joint High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights for the UN World Ocean Day that the Hub co-organised with FAO and UNOHCHR. See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6_o. This event advanced awareness of the need for a holistic approach to the protection of the human rights of small-scale fishers and fish workers, and to explore the different UN mandates that can contribute to better international support for small-scale fishers representatives and advocates. Building upon this event, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights further collaborated during the UN Ocean Conference on 27th June - 1st July 2022 in Lisbon, Portugal and the UN International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture Closing Celebration on 27th-31st March 2023 in Rome, Italy. These initiatives led to the co-development of a webinar series (launched in February 2023) to raise awareness among international and national human rights bodies on the need to protect the human rights of small-scale fishers. This has led to a new collaboration between the Hub, the Danish Institute and the team of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food on a global report on human rights and fisheries (to be published in late 2023) and a country visit in South Africa (to be confirmed in May 2023). In addition, the Hub and the Danish Institute may collaborate in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia in engaging the NHRIs into Hub research on small-scale fishers' rights. Furthermore, the Hub's growing collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights has led to joint planning of two events for the UN IYAFA closing celebration in March 2023 in Rome, Italy on further raising awareness of fisheries/environmental experts on the international and national human rights bodies that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, and on the need to ensure the protection of these rights in the context of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. On the latter, the Hub and the Danish Institute have published separately in 2022, with the Hub peer-reviewing the Danish Institute's reports, and the two organizations published a joint policy brief in late 2024 (a draft was released for comment before the IYAFA closing event in March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers). In late 2023, Hub Director Elisa Morgera was invited by the Danish Institute for Human Rights to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" (2-3 November 2023 Copenhagen, Denmark). The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/shedding-a-light-on-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers-complementarities-and-contrasts-between-the-un-declaration-on-peasants-rights-and-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/), fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices (https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/) to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies (https://oneoceanhub.org/changing-understandings-of-and-engagments-with-ocean-dependent-communities-empatheatre/) and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee (https://oneoceanhub.org/brainstorming-on-new-un-guidance-on-economic-social-and-cultural-rights-and-sustainable-development/). She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law (https://oneoceanhub.org/global-coalition-on-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-environment-of-which-the-hub-is-part-honoured-with-the-2023-un-human-rights-prize/), and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." The meeting allowed the Hub to provide inputs into the new research planning and fund-raising by the Danish Institute, which is keen to work with the Hub on joint initiatives as part of the Hub's legacy: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. At the Danish Institute workshop, the Hub was also able to explore new collaboration opportunities with the Network of the African National Human Rights Institutions, which will be explored in 2024. Finally, the Hub contributed to the call for evidence of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food (https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/2023/call-input-right-food-and-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries) for his next report on fisheries, which will be released in March 2024. In 2023, thanks to an introduction by the Danish Institute, NANHRI invited the Hub to contribute to 14 Biennial Conference on "Nurturing Responsible Business Conduct and Respect for Human Rights in Africa" (18-20 October 2023 in Accra, Ghana.) Dr Sulley Ibrahim, the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, presented empirical research findings of relevance to business in the context of the triple threat of climate change, marine litter and the depletion of fish stock due to overfishing and illicit fishing: https://oneoceanhub.org/clarifying-business-responsibility-to-respect-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-ocean/. In 2024, Hub research findings were included in the report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, focused on fisheries and the right to food in the context of climate change (A/HRC/55/49), with a focus on the advancement of the human rights of small-scale fishers and Indigenous Peoples. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Durban University of Technology, South Africa • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in Global South: • partner organisations based in the Global North: United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organisation, Italy; United Nations Institute for Training and Research, Switzerland; World Wide Fund for Nature The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Government of Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Africa; Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda, Uganda; Hen Mpoano, Ghana; COAST Foundation, Bangladesh; African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA); Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), Kenya; Locally-Managed Marine Area (LMMA) network, Fiji • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Danish Institute for Human Rights, Denmark; Government of Sweden, Sweden; Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Switzerland; International Ocean Institute (IOI), Malta; Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), Fiji; Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, Washington; Association of Commonwealth Universities, UK; Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Sweden; Women in Ocean Science, UK; Commonwealth Blue Charter, UK; Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Belgium; Bread for the World Institute, US; Low Impact Fishers of Europe, Belgium; AKTEA Women in Fisheries, Italy; Blue Ventures, UK.
Collaborator Contribution Since April 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights and the One Ocean Hub have collaborated on sharing findings on small-scale fisheries and human rights research and develop capacity-building approaches, particularly through the Danish Institute's collaboration with African National Human Rights Institutes and their strong links with the UN Working Group on Business and Human Rights and the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub are collaborating in research on small-scale fishers' human rights in Ghana and on the issue of fisheries subsidies. The Danish Institute for Human Rights has worked with the Ministry of Justice of Ghana, the National Human rights Commission, and the same NGO that one of the Hub's partner in Ghana, the University of Cape Coast, is work with namely the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). Drawing from the Danish Institute for Human Rights engagement with these stakeholders in Ghana and their long-standing work on integrating human rights in environment impact assessment in fisheries sector, the Danish Institute for Human Rights could support the Hub in developing the strategic environmental assessment and bringing together different ministries in Ghana to discuss reducing fishing efforts and protecting small-scale fishers' human rights. In 2022 and 2023, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights have collaborated to promote the human rights of small-scale fishers across three different international processes including the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022, the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022, and the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2023. At the Hub led High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Right for the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022. Ms Sille Stidsen, the Department Director of Human Rights and Development at the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), explained that the DIHR works as a national human rights institution, but also has an international mandate to support human rights institutions in other countries. The DIHR examined more than 200,000 recommendations from across international human rights bodies and procedures, and found out that not many (only 70) addressed the human rights of fishers in the context of fisheries management and conservation, with regard to: equality and non-discrimination, often in relation to government's allocation of fishing quotas (e.g., Iceland, South Africa, Morocco and Myanmar); the right to an adequate standard of living, dealing with the deprivation of local fishing communities of means of subsistence (e.g., Senegal and Djibouti); the right to a healthy environment in relation to marine environmental pollution, climate change affecting fishing communities dependent on marine resources (e.g., Nigeria and Madagascar); the rights of indigenous peoples with respect to access to fishing grounds (e.g., Norway, Mexico and South Africa); and special measures to secure fishing-dependent and marginalized communities access to marine resources and markets (e.g., Philippines, Indonesia and Maldives). At the event Ms Stidsen noted that it is important to give more focus on small-scale fishers in UN human rights monitoring mechanisms, ensure capacity-building for institutions working on human rights and small-scale fisheries, related data-sharing and reporting at national and international levels, file complaints regarding human rights violations to national and international human rights monitoring bodies. The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues held a session in April 2022, which resulted in the recommendation addressed to FAO to prepare a study on the impacts of industrial fishing on the rights of Indigenous Peoples regarding traditional fishing; and to FAO and the International Labour Organization (ILO) to conduct a study on human rights violations suffered by Indigenous Peoples in the fishing sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights was one of the co-organisers of the side-event titled 'The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28th June 2023. Their contribution to the Hub-led side event focused on guidance on business due diligence and environmental impact assessment. Ms Tulika Bansal shared key findings from a recent sector-wide assessment of Chile's salmon industry on the human right impacts on workers, communities, including indigenous and small-scale fishers, and other rights-holders that the Danish Institute for Human Rights has carried out: • Independent research is lacking on human rights impacts of businesses in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors; • Existing research tends to focus on environmental impacts, less on social and human rights dimensions; • Interdisciplinary teams are lacking to assess human rights closely from environmental, social and health disciplines; • There is lack of expertise on human rights by those working in the sectors, both states and companies, but also auditors (e.g. in certification). • She concluded that there is a pressing need to enhance research and collaboration to better assess, document and most importantly, address the human rights impacts in fisheries and aquaculture. The Danish Institute for Human Rights also invited the Hub to support their event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022. The event highlighted that strategies for strengthening ocean-based economies must be aligned with human rights standards and take adequate considerations towards population groups, including women, dependent on coastal ecosystems and marine resources. This entails following a gender sensitive and human rights-based approach to policy and programme development - and aligning business activities and the States' regulation of the private sector with the UN Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights. The event was co-organised by 14 other organisations that are actively working to advance protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. These include the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation (SSNC), Women in Ocean Science, the Commonwealth Blue Charter, COAST Foundation, the African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA), Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Bread for the World, Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), LMMA network, Low Impact Fishers of Europe (LIFE) and AKTEA, Blue Ventures, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and the Government of Sweden. Also during the UN Ocean Conference, the Hub invited the Danish Institute for Human Rights to United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)-led side-event titled 'From Ocean Knowledge to Action: Developing Capacity to Create a Sustainable Ocean Economy' on 30 June 2022 that was co-organised with One Ocean Hub, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and the International Ocean Institute (IOI) to launch One Ocean Learn (https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/). The Hub and the Green Development and Climate Change Programme Unit of UNITAR have been working over the past three years to create the One Ocean Learn, an innovative online platform which aims to support global capacity building by translating ocean knowledge into action-oriented learning for activists, communities, development practitioners, policymakers and researchers on the ways in which global, national and local communities depend on and relate to the ocean, coastal areas and marine life (https://oneoceanhub.org/launching-the-one-ocean-learn-knowledge-translation-platform/). The focus is on connecting knowledge across different sources and enhance capacities to use integrated knowledge to contribute towards more sustainable decisions on the ocean. The Hub and UNITAR are exploring the potential to link the Danish Institute for Human Rights's database on fisheries and human rights to One Ocean Learn based on the idea of developing an 'ocean and human rights platform'. In the run up to the IYAFA Closing Celebration in Rome in March 2023, the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub, and the UNOHCHR co-organised Dialogue series on fisheries and human rights composed of two online webinars on exploring how NHRIs and international human rights mechanisms are addressing human rights issues in fishing communities on 1st and 2nd February 2023. The Dialogue series was primarily targeting national human rights institutions, the international human rights mechanisms, and key national, regional, and global civil society organisations working on fisheries and human rights. The series explored how national and international human rights actors are using their respective mandates to promote and protect the rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities. The ambition of the dialogue was to better understand current engagement and to explore opportunities for deepening their engagement and collaboration between the different actors. The first webinar of the series focused on the role of national human rights institutions (NHRIs) to address the human rights abuses and violations affecting small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The second webinar focused on protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms. Representatives from the international mechanisms shared examples of current advice and recommendations to states in relation to the human rights of small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The Dialogue Series brought together representatives of UN OHCHR, FAO, UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Michael Fakhri the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Dorothy Estrada-Tanck the Chair of the UN Working Group on Discrimination against Women and Girls, Hen Mpoano, NHRIs of the Philippines, Chile, South Africa and Colombia; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda; Legal Resources Centre, South Africa; and Hub researchers based at Durban University of Technology, South Africa and the University of Strathclyde, UK. In March 2023 the Hub collaborated with Danish Institute for Human Rights and FAO to co-organise three events as part of the IYAFA closing events in Rome, Italy: 1. An in-person or hybrid event on World Trade Organization (WTO) Fisheries Subsidies and Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights on 30th March 2023. The Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights wrote a joint policy brief on this theme based on Hub papers of fisheries subsidies and Danish Institute for Human Rights report on 'The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations' which the Hub has provided inputs (https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies), with invited participants from FAO, WTO and OECD among others. 2. Training event on accessing national and international human rights bodies on Small-Scale Fishers human rights for fisheries and environmental experts on 31st March 2023, with participation from the UNOHCHC, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food and the South African NHRI; 3. an in-person performance of empatheatre play Listen to the Sea at FAO HQs. Our contributions to the Danish Institute's planning process were incorporated in their report of the 2023 workshop, including the need for further work to: • clarify the minimum content of State conduct under international environmental law obligations, including from the perspective of Global North/South equity; • support systems thinking and capacity building (https://griffithlawjournal.org/index.php/gjlhd/article/view/1219) for more integrated approaches to the protection of human rights and the ocean at the outset, bringing together expertise from communities of practice that still operate quite separately (human health, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/human-health-depends-on-thriving-oceans/; marine ecosystem services, https://oneoceanhub.org/climate-change-ecosystem-services-in-areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction/ ); • address human rights under the "High Seas"/BBNJ Agreement (https://brill.com/view/journals/estu/38/3/article-p447_3.xml) on marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, and the importance of the human right to science in this connection; • identify new areas for research and solidarity action with ocean-dependent human rights holders, such as One Health (https://oneoceanhub.org/breaking-barriers-around-one-health/), the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/), the ocean-climate nexus (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/introduction-applying-a-human-rights-lens-to-the-ocean-climate-nexus/), the Global Biodiversity Framework (https://oneoceanhub.org/what-does-the-global-biodiversity-framework-and-other-2022-un-biodiversity-summit-outcomes-mean-for-the-ocean-and-ocean-research-part-1/; https://oneoceanhub.org/a-reflection-on-the-global-biodiversity-framework/), the plastics treaty under negotiations (https://oneoceanhub.org/providing-considerations-for-the-next-phase-of-the-plastics-treaty-negotiators/), and business and human rights (https://oneoceanhub.org/better-understanding-the-negative-impacts-of-international-investment-law-for-human-rights-and-the-environment/); and • develop a platform for further and deeper collaborations with the UN human rights bodies and national human rights institutions (https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/) to support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, including an online clinic. Danish Institute for Human Rights invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" on 2-3 November 2023 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers, fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee. She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law, and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." In her remarks, Elisa underscored the role of the human right to a healthy environment, including children's human right to a healthy environment. Read detailed summary of Elisa Morgera key messages delivered during the event in this blogpost: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. This collaboration has had demonstrable positive policy impacts. The Hub, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the FAO worked closely in raising awareness of small-scale fishers' human rights during IYAFA and planning for the IYAFA Closing. The side-events and policy brief co-developed by the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights titled "The implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" sparked dialogue on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries during IYAFA Closing in 2023 among diverse stakeholders including policy makers, civil society, and representatives of international organisations. Hub and partner organisations that are part of this collaboration are strategising to bring findings from our research on human rights and small-scale fisheries and share good practices and methodologies at the next Small-Scale Fisheries Summit that will take place in July 2024. In addition, Hub research findings were included in the 2024 report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, This collaboration also brought societal impacts. All the events co-organised as part of this collaboration provided capacity building and training to a total of 823 small-scale fishers, representatives of national human rights institutions in the Global South, and civil society on national and international human rights mechanisms that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. This collaboration has also advanced gender equality. It is estimated that over 50 per cent of attendees across these events were women. This speaks to both the interest and need of capacity building for women in small-scale fisheries sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in 2022, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub specifically co-developed a side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' that was held on 1 July 2022 in Lisbon to raise awareness on women's human rights in fisheries. The event presented innovative tools and resources that enable users to identify the human rights dimension of fisheries governance, and devise strategies to enhance sustainability of the sector, while simultaneously enhancing the development and dignity of fishing-dependent marginalised population groups such as local communities, Indigenous peoples, and workers in all parts of the sector's value chain. Gender perspective was also considered across all the outcomes generated from this collaboration including publications and events.
Impact Peer-reviewed journal articles • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. Policy Brief • Morgera E, Switzer S, Lennan M, Webster E and Bansal T. (2023) "Policy brief: the implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers • One Ocean Hub. (2022). "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/IYAFA-Spreadsheet-Key-messages_2022.06.21.pdf. • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, One Ocean Hub, and the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2022). "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals." Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf Blogposts and impact story Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). Impact stories: Research and action across scales: protecting the human rights, livelihoods, and culture of small-scale fishers. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/imapct-story-research-and-action-across-scales/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "What we learnt at the closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/what-we-learnt-at-the-closing-of-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries-and-aquaculture/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "One Ocean Hub events in Rome for the Closing of IYAFA." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/one-ocean-hub-events-in-rome-for-the-closing-of-iyafa/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Exploring the way forward from IYAFA on small-scale fishers' human rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-way-forward-from-iyafa-on-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ Morgera E. (2022). "Celebrating our progress towards transformative change in 2022." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/celebrating-our-progress-towards-transformative-change-in-2022/. Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. Morgera E. (2022). "Reflecting on the UN Ocean Conference and the need to scale up ocean action for the transformative ocean governance we all need." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-the-un-ocean-conference-and-the-need-to-scale-up-ocean-action-for-the-transformative-ocean-governance-we-all-need/. Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. One Ocean Hub (2024), HUB RESEARCH INCLUDED IN UN SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR'S REPORT ON RIGHT TO FOOD, FISHERIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE, https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-research-included-in-un-special-rapporteurs-report-on-right-to-food-fisheries-and-climate-change/ Report • Danish Institute for Human Rights report on "The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations." Available from https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies. Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. UN World Oceans Day High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants.
Start Year 2022
 
Description Expanding Alliances to Support Small-Scale Fishers 
Organisation United Nations (UN)
Department United Nations Institute for Training and Research
Country Switzerland 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution One Ocean Hub research and engagement activities have emphasised the importance to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fishers, fishworkers, and their communities to protect their human rights. Together with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub is bringing together human rights and environmental/fisheries organizations to support the protection of small-scale fishers' rights. Collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights began in April 2022 as part of our collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNOHCHR) (see entry "Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights Across Scales" under Collaborations). In June 2022, the Hub invited the Danish Institute to contribute to the joint High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights for the UN World Ocean Day that the Hub co-organised with FAO and UNOHCHR. See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6_o. This event advanced awareness of the need for a holistic approach to the protection of the human rights of small-scale fishers and fish workers, and to explore the different UN mandates that can contribute to better international support for small-scale fishers representatives and advocates. Building upon this event, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights further collaborated during the UN Ocean Conference on 27th June - 1st July 2022 in Lisbon, Portugal and the UN International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture Closing Celebration on 27th-31st March 2023 in Rome, Italy. These initiatives led to the co-development of a webinar series (launched in February 2023) to raise awareness among international and national human rights bodies on the need to protect the human rights of small-scale fishers. This has led to a new collaboration between the Hub, the Danish Institute and the team of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food on a global report on human rights and fisheries (to be published in late 2023) and a country visit in South Africa (to be confirmed in May 2023). In addition, the Hub and the Danish Institute may collaborate in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia in engaging the NHRIs into Hub research on small-scale fishers' rights. Furthermore, the Hub's growing collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights has led to joint planning of two events for the UN IYAFA closing celebration in March 2023 in Rome, Italy on further raising awareness of fisheries/environmental experts on the international and national human rights bodies that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, and on the need to ensure the protection of these rights in the context of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. On the latter, the Hub and the Danish Institute have published separately in 2022, with the Hub peer-reviewing the Danish Institute's reports, and the two organizations published a joint policy brief in late 2024 (a draft was released for comment before the IYAFA closing event in March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers). In late 2023, Hub Director Elisa Morgera was invited by the Danish Institute for Human Rights to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" (2-3 November 2023 Copenhagen, Denmark). The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/shedding-a-light-on-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers-complementarities-and-contrasts-between-the-un-declaration-on-peasants-rights-and-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/), fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices (https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/) to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies (https://oneoceanhub.org/changing-understandings-of-and-engagments-with-ocean-dependent-communities-empatheatre/) and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee (https://oneoceanhub.org/brainstorming-on-new-un-guidance-on-economic-social-and-cultural-rights-and-sustainable-development/). She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law (https://oneoceanhub.org/global-coalition-on-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-environment-of-which-the-hub-is-part-honoured-with-the-2023-un-human-rights-prize/), and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." The meeting allowed the Hub to provide inputs into the new research planning and fund-raising by the Danish Institute, which is keen to work with the Hub on joint initiatives as part of the Hub's legacy: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. At the Danish Institute workshop, the Hub was also able to explore new collaboration opportunities with the Network of the African National Human Rights Institutions, which will be explored in 2024. Finally, the Hub contributed to the call for evidence of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food (https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/2023/call-input-right-food-and-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries) for his next report on fisheries, which will be released in March 2024. In 2023, thanks to an introduction by the Danish Institute, NANHRI invited the Hub to contribute to 14 Biennial Conference on "Nurturing Responsible Business Conduct and Respect for Human Rights in Africa" (18-20 October 2023 in Accra, Ghana.) Dr Sulley Ibrahim, the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, presented empirical research findings of relevance to business in the context of the triple threat of climate change, marine litter and the depletion of fish stock due to overfishing and illicit fishing: https://oneoceanhub.org/clarifying-business-responsibility-to-respect-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-ocean/. In 2024, Hub research findings were included in the report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, focused on fisheries and the right to food in the context of climate change (A/HRC/55/49), with a focus on the advancement of the human rights of small-scale fishers and Indigenous Peoples. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Durban University of Technology, South Africa • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in Global South: • partner organisations based in the Global North: United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organisation, Italy; United Nations Institute for Training and Research, Switzerland; World Wide Fund for Nature The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Government of Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Africa; Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda, Uganda; Hen Mpoano, Ghana; COAST Foundation, Bangladesh; African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA); Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), Kenya; Locally-Managed Marine Area (LMMA) network, Fiji • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Danish Institute for Human Rights, Denmark; Government of Sweden, Sweden; Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Switzerland; International Ocean Institute (IOI), Malta; Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), Fiji; Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, Washington; Association of Commonwealth Universities, UK; Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Sweden; Women in Ocean Science, UK; Commonwealth Blue Charter, UK; Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Belgium; Bread for the World Institute, US; Low Impact Fishers of Europe, Belgium; AKTEA Women in Fisheries, Italy; Blue Ventures, UK.
Collaborator Contribution Since April 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights and the One Ocean Hub have collaborated on sharing findings on small-scale fisheries and human rights research and develop capacity-building approaches, particularly through the Danish Institute's collaboration with African National Human Rights Institutes and their strong links with the UN Working Group on Business and Human Rights and the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub are collaborating in research on small-scale fishers' human rights in Ghana and on the issue of fisheries subsidies. The Danish Institute for Human Rights has worked with the Ministry of Justice of Ghana, the National Human rights Commission, and the same NGO that one of the Hub's partner in Ghana, the University of Cape Coast, is work with namely the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). Drawing from the Danish Institute for Human Rights engagement with these stakeholders in Ghana and their long-standing work on integrating human rights in environment impact assessment in fisheries sector, the Danish Institute for Human Rights could support the Hub in developing the strategic environmental assessment and bringing together different ministries in Ghana to discuss reducing fishing efforts and protecting small-scale fishers' human rights. In 2022 and 2023, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights have collaborated to promote the human rights of small-scale fishers across three different international processes including the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022, the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022, and the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2023. At the Hub led High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Right for the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022. Ms Sille Stidsen, the Department Director of Human Rights and Development at the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), explained that the DIHR works as a national human rights institution, but also has an international mandate to support human rights institutions in other countries. The DIHR examined more than 200,000 recommendations from across international human rights bodies and procedures, and found out that not many (only 70) addressed the human rights of fishers in the context of fisheries management and conservation, with regard to: equality and non-discrimination, often in relation to government's allocation of fishing quotas (e.g., Iceland, South Africa, Morocco and Myanmar); the right to an adequate standard of living, dealing with the deprivation of local fishing communities of means of subsistence (e.g., Senegal and Djibouti); the right to a healthy environment in relation to marine environmental pollution, climate change affecting fishing communities dependent on marine resources (e.g., Nigeria and Madagascar); the rights of indigenous peoples with respect to access to fishing grounds (e.g., Norway, Mexico and South Africa); and special measures to secure fishing-dependent and marginalized communities access to marine resources and markets (e.g., Philippines, Indonesia and Maldives). At the event Ms Stidsen noted that it is important to give more focus on small-scale fishers in UN human rights monitoring mechanisms, ensure capacity-building for institutions working on human rights and small-scale fisheries, related data-sharing and reporting at national and international levels, file complaints regarding human rights violations to national and international human rights monitoring bodies. The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues held a session in April 2022, which resulted in the recommendation addressed to FAO to prepare a study on the impacts of industrial fishing on the rights of Indigenous Peoples regarding traditional fishing; and to FAO and the International Labour Organization (ILO) to conduct a study on human rights violations suffered by Indigenous Peoples in the fishing sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights was one of the co-organisers of the side-event titled 'The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28th June 2023. Their contribution to the Hub-led side event focused on guidance on business due diligence and environmental impact assessment. Ms Tulika Bansal shared key findings from a recent sector-wide assessment of Chile's salmon industry on the human right impacts on workers, communities, including indigenous and small-scale fishers, and other rights-holders that the Danish Institute for Human Rights has carried out: • Independent research is lacking on human rights impacts of businesses in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors; • Existing research tends to focus on environmental impacts, less on social and human rights dimensions; • Interdisciplinary teams are lacking to assess human rights closely from environmental, social and health disciplines; • There is lack of expertise on human rights by those working in the sectors, both states and companies, but also auditors (e.g. in certification). • She concluded that there is a pressing need to enhance research and collaboration to better assess, document and most importantly, address the human rights impacts in fisheries and aquaculture. The Danish Institute for Human Rights also invited the Hub to support their event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022. The event highlighted that strategies for strengthening ocean-based economies must be aligned with human rights standards and take adequate considerations towards population groups, including women, dependent on coastal ecosystems and marine resources. This entails following a gender sensitive and human rights-based approach to policy and programme development - and aligning business activities and the States' regulation of the private sector with the UN Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights. The event was co-organised by 14 other organisations that are actively working to advance protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. These include the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation (SSNC), Women in Ocean Science, the Commonwealth Blue Charter, COAST Foundation, the African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA), Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Bread for the World, Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), LMMA network, Low Impact Fishers of Europe (LIFE) and AKTEA, Blue Ventures, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and the Government of Sweden. Also during the UN Ocean Conference, the Hub invited the Danish Institute for Human Rights to United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)-led side-event titled 'From Ocean Knowledge to Action: Developing Capacity to Create a Sustainable Ocean Economy' on 30 June 2022 that was co-organised with One Ocean Hub, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and the International Ocean Institute (IOI) to launch One Ocean Learn (https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/). The Hub and the Green Development and Climate Change Programme Unit of UNITAR have been working over the past three years to create the One Ocean Learn, an innovative online platform which aims to support global capacity building by translating ocean knowledge into action-oriented learning for activists, communities, development practitioners, policymakers and researchers on the ways in which global, national and local communities depend on and relate to the ocean, coastal areas and marine life (https://oneoceanhub.org/launching-the-one-ocean-learn-knowledge-translation-platform/). The focus is on connecting knowledge across different sources and enhance capacities to use integrated knowledge to contribute towards more sustainable decisions on the ocean. The Hub and UNITAR are exploring the potential to link the Danish Institute for Human Rights's database on fisheries and human rights to One Ocean Learn based on the idea of developing an 'ocean and human rights platform'. In the run up to the IYAFA Closing Celebration in Rome in March 2023, the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub, and the UNOHCHR co-organised Dialogue series on fisheries and human rights composed of two online webinars on exploring how NHRIs and international human rights mechanisms are addressing human rights issues in fishing communities on 1st and 2nd February 2023. The Dialogue series was primarily targeting national human rights institutions, the international human rights mechanisms, and key national, regional, and global civil society organisations working on fisheries and human rights. The series explored how national and international human rights actors are using their respective mandates to promote and protect the rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities. The ambition of the dialogue was to better understand current engagement and to explore opportunities for deepening their engagement and collaboration between the different actors. The first webinar of the series focused on the role of national human rights institutions (NHRIs) to address the human rights abuses and violations affecting small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The second webinar focused on protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms. Representatives from the international mechanisms shared examples of current advice and recommendations to states in relation to the human rights of small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The Dialogue Series brought together representatives of UN OHCHR, FAO, UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Michael Fakhri the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Dorothy Estrada-Tanck the Chair of the UN Working Group on Discrimination against Women and Girls, Hen Mpoano, NHRIs of the Philippines, Chile, South Africa and Colombia; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda; Legal Resources Centre, South Africa; and Hub researchers based at Durban University of Technology, South Africa and the University of Strathclyde, UK. In March 2023 the Hub collaborated with Danish Institute for Human Rights and FAO to co-organise three events as part of the IYAFA closing events in Rome, Italy: 1. An in-person or hybrid event on World Trade Organization (WTO) Fisheries Subsidies and Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights on 30th March 2023. The Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights wrote a joint policy brief on this theme based on Hub papers of fisheries subsidies and Danish Institute for Human Rights report on 'The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations' which the Hub has provided inputs (https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies), with invited participants from FAO, WTO and OECD among others. 2. Training event on accessing national and international human rights bodies on Small-Scale Fishers human rights for fisheries and environmental experts on 31st March 2023, with participation from the UNOHCHC, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food and the South African NHRI; 3. an in-person performance of empatheatre play Listen to the Sea at FAO HQs. Our contributions to the Danish Institute's planning process were incorporated in their report of the 2023 workshop, including the need for further work to: • clarify the minimum content of State conduct under international environmental law obligations, including from the perspective of Global North/South equity; • support systems thinking and capacity building (https://griffithlawjournal.org/index.php/gjlhd/article/view/1219) for more integrated approaches to the protection of human rights and the ocean at the outset, bringing together expertise from communities of practice that still operate quite separately (human health, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/human-health-depends-on-thriving-oceans/; marine ecosystem services, https://oneoceanhub.org/climate-change-ecosystem-services-in-areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction/ ); • address human rights under the "High Seas"/BBNJ Agreement (https://brill.com/view/journals/estu/38/3/article-p447_3.xml) on marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, and the importance of the human right to science in this connection; • identify new areas for research and solidarity action with ocean-dependent human rights holders, such as One Health (https://oneoceanhub.org/breaking-barriers-around-one-health/), the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/), the ocean-climate nexus (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/introduction-applying-a-human-rights-lens-to-the-ocean-climate-nexus/), the Global Biodiversity Framework (https://oneoceanhub.org/what-does-the-global-biodiversity-framework-and-other-2022-un-biodiversity-summit-outcomes-mean-for-the-ocean-and-ocean-research-part-1/; https://oneoceanhub.org/a-reflection-on-the-global-biodiversity-framework/), the plastics treaty under negotiations (https://oneoceanhub.org/providing-considerations-for-the-next-phase-of-the-plastics-treaty-negotiators/), and business and human rights (https://oneoceanhub.org/better-understanding-the-negative-impacts-of-international-investment-law-for-human-rights-and-the-environment/); and • develop a platform for further and deeper collaborations with the UN human rights bodies and national human rights institutions (https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/) to support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, including an online clinic. Danish Institute for Human Rights invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" on 2-3 November 2023 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers, fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee. She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law, and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." In her remarks, Elisa underscored the role of the human right to a healthy environment, including children's human right to a healthy environment. Read detailed summary of Elisa Morgera key messages delivered during the event in this blogpost: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. This collaboration has had demonstrable positive policy impacts. The Hub, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the FAO worked closely in raising awareness of small-scale fishers' human rights during IYAFA and planning for the IYAFA Closing. The side-events and policy brief co-developed by the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights titled "The implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" sparked dialogue on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries during IYAFA Closing in 2023 among diverse stakeholders including policy makers, civil society, and representatives of international organisations. Hub and partner organisations that are part of this collaboration are strategising to bring findings from our research on human rights and small-scale fisheries and share good practices and methodologies at the next Small-Scale Fisheries Summit that will take place in July 2024. In addition, Hub research findings were included in the 2024 report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, This collaboration also brought societal impacts. All the events co-organised as part of this collaboration provided capacity building and training to a total of 823 small-scale fishers, representatives of national human rights institutions in the Global South, and civil society on national and international human rights mechanisms that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. This collaboration has also advanced gender equality. It is estimated that over 50 per cent of attendees across these events were women. This speaks to both the interest and need of capacity building for women in small-scale fisheries sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in 2022, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub specifically co-developed a side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' that was held on 1 July 2022 in Lisbon to raise awareness on women's human rights in fisheries. The event presented innovative tools and resources that enable users to identify the human rights dimension of fisheries governance, and devise strategies to enhance sustainability of the sector, while simultaneously enhancing the development and dignity of fishing-dependent marginalised population groups such as local communities, Indigenous peoples, and workers in all parts of the sector's value chain. Gender perspective was also considered across all the outcomes generated from this collaboration including publications and events.
Impact Peer-reviewed journal articles • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. Policy Brief • Morgera E, Switzer S, Lennan M, Webster E and Bansal T. (2023) "Policy brief: the implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers • One Ocean Hub. (2022). "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/IYAFA-Spreadsheet-Key-messages_2022.06.21.pdf. • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, One Ocean Hub, and the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2022). "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals." Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf Blogposts and impact story Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). Impact stories: Research and action across scales: protecting the human rights, livelihoods, and culture of small-scale fishers. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/imapct-story-research-and-action-across-scales/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "What we learnt at the closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/what-we-learnt-at-the-closing-of-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries-and-aquaculture/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "One Ocean Hub events in Rome for the Closing of IYAFA." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/one-ocean-hub-events-in-rome-for-the-closing-of-iyafa/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Exploring the way forward from IYAFA on small-scale fishers' human rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-way-forward-from-iyafa-on-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ Morgera E. (2022). "Celebrating our progress towards transformative change in 2022." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/celebrating-our-progress-towards-transformative-change-in-2022/. Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. Morgera E. (2022). "Reflecting on the UN Ocean Conference and the need to scale up ocean action for the transformative ocean governance we all need." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-the-un-ocean-conference-and-the-need-to-scale-up-ocean-action-for-the-transformative-ocean-governance-we-all-need/. Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. One Ocean Hub (2024), HUB RESEARCH INCLUDED IN UN SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR'S REPORT ON RIGHT TO FOOD, FISHERIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE, https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-research-included-in-un-special-rapporteurs-report-on-right-to-food-fisheries-and-climate-change/ Report • Danish Institute for Human Rights report on "The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations." Available from https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies. Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. UN World Oceans Day High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants.
Start Year 2022
 
Description Expanding Alliances to Support Small-Scale Fishers 
Organisation United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organisation
Country Italy 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution One Ocean Hub research and engagement activities have emphasised the importance to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fishers, fishworkers, and their communities to protect their human rights. Together with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub is bringing together human rights and environmental/fisheries organizations to support the protection of small-scale fishers' rights. Collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights began in April 2022 as part of our collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNOHCHR) (see entry "Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights Across Scales" under Collaborations). In June 2022, the Hub invited the Danish Institute to contribute to the joint High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights for the UN World Ocean Day that the Hub co-organised with FAO and UNOHCHR. See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6_o. This event advanced awareness of the need for a holistic approach to the protection of the human rights of small-scale fishers and fish workers, and to explore the different UN mandates that can contribute to better international support for small-scale fishers representatives and advocates. Building upon this event, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights further collaborated during the UN Ocean Conference on 27th June - 1st July 2022 in Lisbon, Portugal and the UN International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture Closing Celebration on 27th-31st March 2023 in Rome, Italy. These initiatives led to the co-development of a webinar series (launched in February 2023) to raise awareness among international and national human rights bodies on the need to protect the human rights of small-scale fishers. This has led to a new collaboration between the Hub, the Danish Institute and the team of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food on a global report on human rights and fisheries (to be published in late 2023) and a country visit in South Africa (to be confirmed in May 2023). In addition, the Hub and the Danish Institute may collaborate in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia in engaging the NHRIs into Hub research on small-scale fishers' rights. Furthermore, the Hub's growing collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights has led to joint planning of two events for the UN IYAFA closing celebration in March 2023 in Rome, Italy on further raising awareness of fisheries/environmental experts on the international and national human rights bodies that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, and on the need to ensure the protection of these rights in the context of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. On the latter, the Hub and the Danish Institute have published separately in 2022, with the Hub peer-reviewing the Danish Institute's reports, and the two organizations published a joint policy brief in late 2024 (a draft was released for comment before the IYAFA closing event in March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers). In late 2023, Hub Director Elisa Morgera was invited by the Danish Institute for Human Rights to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" (2-3 November 2023 Copenhagen, Denmark). The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/shedding-a-light-on-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers-complementarities-and-contrasts-between-the-un-declaration-on-peasants-rights-and-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/), fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices (https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/) to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies (https://oneoceanhub.org/changing-understandings-of-and-engagments-with-ocean-dependent-communities-empatheatre/) and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee (https://oneoceanhub.org/brainstorming-on-new-un-guidance-on-economic-social-and-cultural-rights-and-sustainable-development/). She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law (https://oneoceanhub.org/global-coalition-on-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-environment-of-which-the-hub-is-part-honoured-with-the-2023-un-human-rights-prize/), and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." The meeting allowed the Hub to provide inputs into the new research planning and fund-raising by the Danish Institute, which is keen to work with the Hub on joint initiatives as part of the Hub's legacy: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. At the Danish Institute workshop, the Hub was also able to explore new collaboration opportunities with the Network of the African National Human Rights Institutions, which will be explored in 2024. Finally, the Hub contributed to the call for evidence of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food (https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/2023/call-input-right-food-and-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries) for his next report on fisheries, which will be released in March 2024. In 2023, thanks to an introduction by the Danish Institute, NANHRI invited the Hub to contribute to 14 Biennial Conference on "Nurturing Responsible Business Conduct and Respect for Human Rights in Africa" (18-20 October 2023 in Accra, Ghana.) Dr Sulley Ibrahim, the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, presented empirical research findings of relevance to business in the context of the triple threat of climate change, marine litter and the depletion of fish stock due to overfishing and illicit fishing: https://oneoceanhub.org/clarifying-business-responsibility-to-respect-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-ocean/. In 2024, Hub research findings were included in the report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, focused on fisheries and the right to food in the context of climate change (A/HRC/55/49), with a focus on the advancement of the human rights of small-scale fishers and Indigenous Peoples. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Durban University of Technology, South Africa • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in Global South: • partner organisations based in the Global North: United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organisation, Italy; United Nations Institute for Training and Research, Switzerland; World Wide Fund for Nature The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Government of Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Africa; Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda, Uganda; Hen Mpoano, Ghana; COAST Foundation, Bangladesh; African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA); Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), Kenya; Locally-Managed Marine Area (LMMA) network, Fiji • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Danish Institute for Human Rights, Denmark; Government of Sweden, Sweden; Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Switzerland; International Ocean Institute (IOI), Malta; Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), Fiji; Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, Washington; Association of Commonwealth Universities, UK; Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Sweden; Women in Ocean Science, UK; Commonwealth Blue Charter, UK; Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Belgium; Bread for the World Institute, US; Low Impact Fishers of Europe, Belgium; AKTEA Women in Fisheries, Italy; Blue Ventures, UK.
Collaborator Contribution Since April 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights and the One Ocean Hub have collaborated on sharing findings on small-scale fisheries and human rights research and develop capacity-building approaches, particularly through the Danish Institute's collaboration with African National Human Rights Institutes and their strong links with the UN Working Group on Business and Human Rights and the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub are collaborating in research on small-scale fishers' human rights in Ghana and on the issue of fisheries subsidies. The Danish Institute for Human Rights has worked with the Ministry of Justice of Ghana, the National Human rights Commission, and the same NGO that one of the Hub's partner in Ghana, the University of Cape Coast, is work with namely the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). Drawing from the Danish Institute for Human Rights engagement with these stakeholders in Ghana and their long-standing work on integrating human rights in environment impact assessment in fisheries sector, the Danish Institute for Human Rights could support the Hub in developing the strategic environmental assessment and bringing together different ministries in Ghana to discuss reducing fishing efforts and protecting small-scale fishers' human rights. In 2022 and 2023, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights have collaborated to promote the human rights of small-scale fishers across three different international processes including the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022, the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022, and the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2023. At the Hub led High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Right for the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022. Ms Sille Stidsen, the Department Director of Human Rights and Development at the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), explained that the DIHR works as a national human rights institution, but also has an international mandate to support human rights institutions in other countries. The DIHR examined more than 200,000 recommendations from across international human rights bodies and procedures, and found out that not many (only 70) addressed the human rights of fishers in the context of fisheries management and conservation, with regard to: equality and non-discrimination, often in relation to government's allocation of fishing quotas (e.g., Iceland, South Africa, Morocco and Myanmar); the right to an adequate standard of living, dealing with the deprivation of local fishing communities of means of subsistence (e.g., Senegal and Djibouti); the right to a healthy environment in relation to marine environmental pollution, climate change affecting fishing communities dependent on marine resources (e.g., Nigeria and Madagascar); the rights of indigenous peoples with respect to access to fishing grounds (e.g., Norway, Mexico and South Africa); and special measures to secure fishing-dependent and marginalized communities access to marine resources and markets (e.g., Philippines, Indonesia and Maldives). At the event Ms Stidsen noted that it is important to give more focus on small-scale fishers in UN human rights monitoring mechanisms, ensure capacity-building for institutions working on human rights and small-scale fisheries, related data-sharing and reporting at national and international levels, file complaints regarding human rights violations to national and international human rights monitoring bodies. The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues held a session in April 2022, which resulted in the recommendation addressed to FAO to prepare a study on the impacts of industrial fishing on the rights of Indigenous Peoples regarding traditional fishing; and to FAO and the International Labour Organization (ILO) to conduct a study on human rights violations suffered by Indigenous Peoples in the fishing sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights was one of the co-organisers of the side-event titled 'The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28th June 2023. Their contribution to the Hub-led side event focused on guidance on business due diligence and environmental impact assessment. Ms Tulika Bansal shared key findings from a recent sector-wide assessment of Chile's salmon industry on the human right impacts on workers, communities, including indigenous and small-scale fishers, and other rights-holders that the Danish Institute for Human Rights has carried out: • Independent research is lacking on human rights impacts of businesses in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors; • Existing research tends to focus on environmental impacts, less on social and human rights dimensions; • Interdisciplinary teams are lacking to assess human rights closely from environmental, social and health disciplines; • There is lack of expertise on human rights by those working in the sectors, both states and companies, but also auditors (e.g. in certification). • She concluded that there is a pressing need to enhance research and collaboration to better assess, document and most importantly, address the human rights impacts in fisheries and aquaculture. The Danish Institute for Human Rights also invited the Hub to support their event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022. The event highlighted that strategies for strengthening ocean-based economies must be aligned with human rights standards and take adequate considerations towards population groups, including women, dependent on coastal ecosystems and marine resources. This entails following a gender sensitive and human rights-based approach to policy and programme development - and aligning business activities and the States' regulation of the private sector with the UN Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights. The event was co-organised by 14 other organisations that are actively working to advance protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. These include the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation (SSNC), Women in Ocean Science, the Commonwealth Blue Charter, COAST Foundation, the African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA), Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Bread for the World, Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), LMMA network, Low Impact Fishers of Europe (LIFE) and AKTEA, Blue Ventures, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and the Government of Sweden. Also during the UN Ocean Conference, the Hub invited the Danish Institute for Human Rights to United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)-led side-event titled 'From Ocean Knowledge to Action: Developing Capacity to Create a Sustainable Ocean Economy' on 30 June 2022 that was co-organised with One Ocean Hub, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and the International Ocean Institute (IOI) to launch One Ocean Learn (https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/). The Hub and the Green Development and Climate Change Programme Unit of UNITAR have been working over the past three years to create the One Ocean Learn, an innovative online platform which aims to support global capacity building by translating ocean knowledge into action-oriented learning for activists, communities, development practitioners, policymakers and researchers on the ways in which global, national and local communities depend on and relate to the ocean, coastal areas and marine life (https://oneoceanhub.org/launching-the-one-ocean-learn-knowledge-translation-platform/). The focus is on connecting knowledge across different sources and enhance capacities to use integrated knowledge to contribute towards more sustainable decisions on the ocean. The Hub and UNITAR are exploring the potential to link the Danish Institute for Human Rights's database on fisheries and human rights to One Ocean Learn based on the idea of developing an 'ocean and human rights platform'. In the run up to the IYAFA Closing Celebration in Rome in March 2023, the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub, and the UNOHCHR co-organised Dialogue series on fisheries and human rights composed of two online webinars on exploring how NHRIs and international human rights mechanisms are addressing human rights issues in fishing communities on 1st and 2nd February 2023. The Dialogue series was primarily targeting national human rights institutions, the international human rights mechanisms, and key national, regional, and global civil society organisations working on fisheries and human rights. The series explored how national and international human rights actors are using their respective mandates to promote and protect the rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities. The ambition of the dialogue was to better understand current engagement and to explore opportunities for deepening their engagement and collaboration between the different actors. The first webinar of the series focused on the role of national human rights institutions (NHRIs) to address the human rights abuses and violations affecting small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The second webinar focused on protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms. Representatives from the international mechanisms shared examples of current advice and recommendations to states in relation to the human rights of small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The Dialogue Series brought together representatives of UN OHCHR, FAO, UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Michael Fakhri the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Dorothy Estrada-Tanck the Chair of the UN Working Group on Discrimination against Women and Girls, Hen Mpoano, NHRIs of the Philippines, Chile, South Africa and Colombia; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda; Legal Resources Centre, South Africa; and Hub researchers based at Durban University of Technology, South Africa and the University of Strathclyde, UK. In March 2023 the Hub collaborated with Danish Institute for Human Rights and FAO to co-organise three events as part of the IYAFA closing events in Rome, Italy: 1. An in-person or hybrid event on World Trade Organization (WTO) Fisheries Subsidies and Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights on 30th March 2023. The Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights wrote a joint policy brief on this theme based on Hub papers of fisheries subsidies and Danish Institute for Human Rights report on 'The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations' which the Hub has provided inputs (https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies), with invited participants from FAO, WTO and OECD among others. 2. Training event on accessing national and international human rights bodies on Small-Scale Fishers human rights for fisheries and environmental experts on 31st March 2023, with participation from the UNOHCHC, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food and the South African NHRI; 3. an in-person performance of empatheatre play Listen to the Sea at FAO HQs. Our contributions to the Danish Institute's planning process were incorporated in their report of the 2023 workshop, including the need for further work to: • clarify the minimum content of State conduct under international environmental law obligations, including from the perspective of Global North/South equity; • support systems thinking and capacity building (https://griffithlawjournal.org/index.php/gjlhd/article/view/1219) for more integrated approaches to the protection of human rights and the ocean at the outset, bringing together expertise from communities of practice that still operate quite separately (human health, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/human-health-depends-on-thriving-oceans/; marine ecosystem services, https://oneoceanhub.org/climate-change-ecosystem-services-in-areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction/ ); • address human rights under the "High Seas"/BBNJ Agreement (https://brill.com/view/journals/estu/38/3/article-p447_3.xml) on marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, and the importance of the human right to science in this connection; • identify new areas for research and solidarity action with ocean-dependent human rights holders, such as One Health (https://oneoceanhub.org/breaking-barriers-around-one-health/), the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/), the ocean-climate nexus (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/introduction-applying-a-human-rights-lens-to-the-ocean-climate-nexus/), the Global Biodiversity Framework (https://oneoceanhub.org/what-does-the-global-biodiversity-framework-and-other-2022-un-biodiversity-summit-outcomes-mean-for-the-ocean-and-ocean-research-part-1/; https://oneoceanhub.org/a-reflection-on-the-global-biodiversity-framework/), the plastics treaty under negotiations (https://oneoceanhub.org/providing-considerations-for-the-next-phase-of-the-plastics-treaty-negotiators/), and business and human rights (https://oneoceanhub.org/better-understanding-the-negative-impacts-of-international-investment-law-for-human-rights-and-the-environment/); and • develop a platform for further and deeper collaborations with the UN human rights bodies and national human rights institutions (https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/) to support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, including an online clinic. Danish Institute for Human Rights invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" on 2-3 November 2023 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers, fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee. She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law, and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." In her remarks, Elisa underscored the role of the human right to a healthy environment, including children's human right to a healthy environment. Read detailed summary of Elisa Morgera key messages delivered during the event in this blogpost: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. This collaboration has had demonstrable positive policy impacts. The Hub, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the FAO worked closely in raising awareness of small-scale fishers' human rights during IYAFA and planning for the IYAFA Closing. The side-events and policy brief co-developed by the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights titled "The implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" sparked dialogue on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries during IYAFA Closing in 2023 among diverse stakeholders including policy makers, civil society, and representatives of international organisations. Hub and partner organisations that are part of this collaboration are strategising to bring findings from our research on human rights and small-scale fisheries and share good practices and methodologies at the next Small-Scale Fisheries Summit that will take place in July 2024. In addition, Hub research findings were included in the 2024 report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, This collaboration also brought societal impacts. All the events co-organised as part of this collaboration provided capacity building and training to a total of 823 small-scale fishers, representatives of national human rights institutions in the Global South, and civil society on national and international human rights mechanisms that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. This collaboration has also advanced gender equality. It is estimated that over 50 per cent of attendees across these events were women. This speaks to both the interest and need of capacity building for women in small-scale fisheries sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in 2022, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub specifically co-developed a side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' that was held on 1 July 2022 in Lisbon to raise awareness on women's human rights in fisheries. The event presented innovative tools and resources that enable users to identify the human rights dimension of fisheries governance, and devise strategies to enhance sustainability of the sector, while simultaneously enhancing the development and dignity of fishing-dependent marginalised population groups such as local communities, Indigenous peoples, and workers in all parts of the sector's value chain. Gender perspective was also considered across all the outcomes generated from this collaboration including publications and events.
Impact Peer-reviewed journal articles • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. Policy Brief • Morgera E, Switzer S, Lennan M, Webster E and Bansal T. (2023) "Policy brief: the implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers • One Ocean Hub. (2022). "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/IYAFA-Spreadsheet-Key-messages_2022.06.21.pdf. • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, One Ocean Hub, and the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2022). "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals." Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf Blogposts and impact story Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). Impact stories: Research and action across scales: protecting the human rights, livelihoods, and culture of small-scale fishers. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/imapct-story-research-and-action-across-scales/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "What we learnt at the closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/what-we-learnt-at-the-closing-of-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries-and-aquaculture/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "One Ocean Hub events in Rome for the Closing of IYAFA." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/one-ocean-hub-events-in-rome-for-the-closing-of-iyafa/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Exploring the way forward from IYAFA on small-scale fishers' human rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-way-forward-from-iyafa-on-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ Morgera E. (2022). "Celebrating our progress towards transformative change in 2022." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/celebrating-our-progress-towards-transformative-change-in-2022/. Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. Morgera E. (2022). "Reflecting on the UN Ocean Conference and the need to scale up ocean action for the transformative ocean governance we all need." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-the-un-ocean-conference-and-the-need-to-scale-up-ocean-action-for-the-transformative-ocean-governance-we-all-need/. Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. One Ocean Hub (2024), HUB RESEARCH INCLUDED IN UN SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR'S REPORT ON RIGHT TO FOOD, FISHERIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE, https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-research-included-in-un-special-rapporteurs-report-on-right-to-food-fisheries-and-climate-change/ Report • Danish Institute for Human Rights report on "The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations." Available from https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies. Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. UN World Oceans Day High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants.
Start Year 2022
 
Description Expanding Alliances to Support Small-Scale Fishers 
Organisation University of Strathclyde
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution One Ocean Hub research and engagement activities have emphasised the importance to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fishers, fishworkers, and their communities to protect their human rights. Together with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub is bringing together human rights and environmental/fisheries organizations to support the protection of small-scale fishers' rights. Collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights began in April 2022 as part of our collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNOHCHR) (see entry "Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights Across Scales" under Collaborations). In June 2022, the Hub invited the Danish Institute to contribute to the joint High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights for the UN World Ocean Day that the Hub co-organised with FAO and UNOHCHR. See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6_o. This event advanced awareness of the need for a holistic approach to the protection of the human rights of small-scale fishers and fish workers, and to explore the different UN mandates that can contribute to better international support for small-scale fishers representatives and advocates. Building upon this event, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights further collaborated during the UN Ocean Conference on 27th June - 1st July 2022 in Lisbon, Portugal and the UN International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture Closing Celebration on 27th-31st March 2023 in Rome, Italy. These initiatives led to the co-development of a webinar series (launched in February 2023) to raise awareness among international and national human rights bodies on the need to protect the human rights of small-scale fishers. This has led to a new collaboration between the Hub, the Danish Institute and the team of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food on a global report on human rights and fisheries (to be published in late 2023) and a country visit in South Africa (to be confirmed in May 2023). In addition, the Hub and the Danish Institute may collaborate in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia in engaging the NHRIs into Hub research on small-scale fishers' rights. Furthermore, the Hub's growing collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights has led to joint planning of two events for the UN IYAFA closing celebration in March 2023 in Rome, Italy on further raising awareness of fisheries/environmental experts on the international and national human rights bodies that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, and on the need to ensure the protection of these rights in the context of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. On the latter, the Hub and the Danish Institute have published separately in 2022, with the Hub peer-reviewing the Danish Institute's reports, and the two organizations published a joint policy brief in late 2024 (a draft was released for comment before the IYAFA closing event in March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers). In late 2023, Hub Director Elisa Morgera was invited by the Danish Institute for Human Rights to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" (2-3 November 2023 Copenhagen, Denmark). The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/shedding-a-light-on-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers-complementarities-and-contrasts-between-the-un-declaration-on-peasants-rights-and-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/), fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices (https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/) to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies (https://oneoceanhub.org/changing-understandings-of-and-engagments-with-ocean-dependent-communities-empatheatre/) and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee (https://oneoceanhub.org/brainstorming-on-new-un-guidance-on-economic-social-and-cultural-rights-and-sustainable-development/). She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law (https://oneoceanhub.org/global-coalition-on-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-environment-of-which-the-hub-is-part-honoured-with-the-2023-un-human-rights-prize/), and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." The meeting allowed the Hub to provide inputs into the new research planning and fund-raising by the Danish Institute, which is keen to work with the Hub on joint initiatives as part of the Hub's legacy: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. At the Danish Institute workshop, the Hub was also able to explore new collaboration opportunities with the Network of the African National Human Rights Institutions, which will be explored in 2024. Finally, the Hub contributed to the call for evidence of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food (https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/2023/call-input-right-food-and-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries) for his next report on fisheries, which will be released in March 2024. In 2023, thanks to an introduction by the Danish Institute, NANHRI invited the Hub to contribute to 14 Biennial Conference on "Nurturing Responsible Business Conduct and Respect for Human Rights in Africa" (18-20 October 2023 in Accra, Ghana.) Dr Sulley Ibrahim, the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, presented empirical research findings of relevance to business in the context of the triple threat of climate change, marine litter and the depletion of fish stock due to overfishing and illicit fishing: https://oneoceanhub.org/clarifying-business-responsibility-to-respect-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-ocean/. In 2024, Hub research findings were included in the report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, focused on fisheries and the right to food in the context of climate change (A/HRC/55/49), with a focus on the advancement of the human rights of small-scale fishers and Indigenous Peoples. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Durban University of Technology, South Africa • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in Global South: • partner organisations based in the Global North: United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organisation, Italy; United Nations Institute for Training and Research, Switzerland; World Wide Fund for Nature The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Government of Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Africa; Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda, Uganda; Hen Mpoano, Ghana; COAST Foundation, Bangladesh; African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA); Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), Kenya; Locally-Managed Marine Area (LMMA) network, Fiji • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Danish Institute for Human Rights, Denmark; Government of Sweden, Sweden; Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Switzerland; International Ocean Institute (IOI), Malta; Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), Fiji; Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, Washington; Association of Commonwealth Universities, UK; Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Sweden; Women in Ocean Science, UK; Commonwealth Blue Charter, UK; Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Belgium; Bread for the World Institute, US; Low Impact Fishers of Europe, Belgium; AKTEA Women in Fisheries, Italy; Blue Ventures, UK.
Collaborator Contribution Since April 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights and the One Ocean Hub have collaborated on sharing findings on small-scale fisheries and human rights research and develop capacity-building approaches, particularly through the Danish Institute's collaboration with African National Human Rights Institutes and their strong links with the UN Working Group on Business and Human Rights and the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub are collaborating in research on small-scale fishers' human rights in Ghana and on the issue of fisheries subsidies. The Danish Institute for Human Rights has worked with the Ministry of Justice of Ghana, the National Human rights Commission, and the same NGO that one of the Hub's partner in Ghana, the University of Cape Coast, is work with namely the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). Drawing from the Danish Institute for Human Rights engagement with these stakeholders in Ghana and their long-standing work on integrating human rights in environment impact assessment in fisheries sector, the Danish Institute for Human Rights could support the Hub in developing the strategic environmental assessment and bringing together different ministries in Ghana to discuss reducing fishing efforts and protecting small-scale fishers' human rights. In 2022 and 2023, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights have collaborated to promote the human rights of small-scale fishers across three different international processes including the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022, the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022, and the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2023. At the Hub led High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Right for the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022. Ms Sille Stidsen, the Department Director of Human Rights and Development at the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), explained that the DIHR works as a national human rights institution, but also has an international mandate to support human rights institutions in other countries. The DIHR examined more than 200,000 recommendations from across international human rights bodies and procedures, and found out that not many (only 70) addressed the human rights of fishers in the context of fisheries management and conservation, with regard to: equality and non-discrimination, often in relation to government's allocation of fishing quotas (e.g., Iceland, South Africa, Morocco and Myanmar); the right to an adequate standard of living, dealing with the deprivation of local fishing communities of means of subsistence (e.g., Senegal and Djibouti); the right to a healthy environment in relation to marine environmental pollution, climate change affecting fishing communities dependent on marine resources (e.g., Nigeria and Madagascar); the rights of indigenous peoples with respect to access to fishing grounds (e.g., Norway, Mexico and South Africa); and special measures to secure fishing-dependent and marginalized communities access to marine resources and markets (e.g., Philippines, Indonesia and Maldives). At the event Ms Stidsen noted that it is important to give more focus on small-scale fishers in UN human rights monitoring mechanisms, ensure capacity-building for institutions working on human rights and small-scale fisheries, related data-sharing and reporting at national and international levels, file complaints regarding human rights violations to national and international human rights monitoring bodies. The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues held a session in April 2022, which resulted in the recommendation addressed to FAO to prepare a study on the impacts of industrial fishing on the rights of Indigenous Peoples regarding traditional fishing; and to FAO and the International Labour Organization (ILO) to conduct a study on human rights violations suffered by Indigenous Peoples in the fishing sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights was one of the co-organisers of the side-event titled 'The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28th June 2023. Their contribution to the Hub-led side event focused on guidance on business due diligence and environmental impact assessment. Ms Tulika Bansal shared key findings from a recent sector-wide assessment of Chile's salmon industry on the human right impacts on workers, communities, including indigenous and small-scale fishers, and other rights-holders that the Danish Institute for Human Rights has carried out: • Independent research is lacking on human rights impacts of businesses in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors; • Existing research tends to focus on environmental impacts, less on social and human rights dimensions; • Interdisciplinary teams are lacking to assess human rights closely from environmental, social and health disciplines; • There is lack of expertise on human rights by those working in the sectors, both states and companies, but also auditors (e.g. in certification). • She concluded that there is a pressing need to enhance research and collaboration to better assess, document and most importantly, address the human rights impacts in fisheries and aquaculture. The Danish Institute for Human Rights also invited the Hub to support their event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022. The event highlighted that strategies for strengthening ocean-based economies must be aligned with human rights standards and take adequate considerations towards population groups, including women, dependent on coastal ecosystems and marine resources. This entails following a gender sensitive and human rights-based approach to policy and programme development - and aligning business activities and the States' regulation of the private sector with the UN Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights. The event was co-organised by 14 other organisations that are actively working to advance protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. These include the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation (SSNC), Women in Ocean Science, the Commonwealth Blue Charter, COAST Foundation, the African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA), Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Bread for the World, Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), LMMA network, Low Impact Fishers of Europe (LIFE) and AKTEA, Blue Ventures, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and the Government of Sweden. Also during the UN Ocean Conference, the Hub invited the Danish Institute for Human Rights to United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)-led side-event titled 'From Ocean Knowledge to Action: Developing Capacity to Create a Sustainable Ocean Economy' on 30 June 2022 that was co-organised with One Ocean Hub, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and the International Ocean Institute (IOI) to launch One Ocean Learn (https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/). The Hub and the Green Development and Climate Change Programme Unit of UNITAR have been working over the past three years to create the One Ocean Learn, an innovative online platform which aims to support global capacity building by translating ocean knowledge into action-oriented learning for activists, communities, development practitioners, policymakers and researchers on the ways in which global, national and local communities depend on and relate to the ocean, coastal areas and marine life (https://oneoceanhub.org/launching-the-one-ocean-learn-knowledge-translation-platform/). The focus is on connecting knowledge across different sources and enhance capacities to use integrated knowledge to contribute towards more sustainable decisions on the ocean. The Hub and UNITAR are exploring the potential to link the Danish Institute for Human Rights's database on fisheries and human rights to One Ocean Learn based on the idea of developing an 'ocean and human rights platform'. In the run up to the IYAFA Closing Celebration in Rome in March 2023, the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub, and the UNOHCHR co-organised Dialogue series on fisheries and human rights composed of two online webinars on exploring how NHRIs and international human rights mechanisms are addressing human rights issues in fishing communities on 1st and 2nd February 2023. The Dialogue series was primarily targeting national human rights institutions, the international human rights mechanisms, and key national, regional, and global civil society organisations working on fisheries and human rights. The series explored how national and international human rights actors are using their respective mandates to promote and protect the rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities. The ambition of the dialogue was to better understand current engagement and to explore opportunities for deepening their engagement and collaboration between the different actors. The first webinar of the series focused on the role of national human rights institutions (NHRIs) to address the human rights abuses and violations affecting small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The second webinar focused on protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms. Representatives from the international mechanisms shared examples of current advice and recommendations to states in relation to the human rights of small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The Dialogue Series brought together representatives of UN OHCHR, FAO, UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Michael Fakhri the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Dorothy Estrada-Tanck the Chair of the UN Working Group on Discrimination against Women and Girls, Hen Mpoano, NHRIs of the Philippines, Chile, South Africa and Colombia; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda; Legal Resources Centre, South Africa; and Hub researchers based at Durban University of Technology, South Africa and the University of Strathclyde, UK. In March 2023 the Hub collaborated with Danish Institute for Human Rights and FAO to co-organise three events as part of the IYAFA closing events in Rome, Italy: 1. An in-person or hybrid event on World Trade Organization (WTO) Fisheries Subsidies and Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights on 30th March 2023. The Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights wrote a joint policy brief on this theme based on Hub papers of fisheries subsidies and Danish Institute for Human Rights report on 'The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations' which the Hub has provided inputs (https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies), with invited participants from FAO, WTO and OECD among others. 2. Training event on accessing national and international human rights bodies on Small-Scale Fishers human rights for fisheries and environmental experts on 31st March 2023, with participation from the UNOHCHC, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food and the South African NHRI; 3. an in-person performance of empatheatre play Listen to the Sea at FAO HQs. Our contributions to the Danish Institute's planning process were incorporated in their report of the 2023 workshop, including the need for further work to: • clarify the minimum content of State conduct under international environmental law obligations, including from the perspective of Global North/South equity; • support systems thinking and capacity building (https://griffithlawjournal.org/index.php/gjlhd/article/view/1219) for more integrated approaches to the protection of human rights and the ocean at the outset, bringing together expertise from communities of practice that still operate quite separately (human health, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/human-health-depends-on-thriving-oceans/; marine ecosystem services, https://oneoceanhub.org/climate-change-ecosystem-services-in-areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction/ ); • address human rights under the "High Seas"/BBNJ Agreement (https://brill.com/view/journals/estu/38/3/article-p447_3.xml) on marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, and the importance of the human right to science in this connection; • identify new areas for research and solidarity action with ocean-dependent human rights holders, such as One Health (https://oneoceanhub.org/breaking-barriers-around-one-health/), the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/), the ocean-climate nexus (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/introduction-applying-a-human-rights-lens-to-the-ocean-climate-nexus/), the Global Biodiversity Framework (https://oneoceanhub.org/what-does-the-global-biodiversity-framework-and-other-2022-un-biodiversity-summit-outcomes-mean-for-the-ocean-and-ocean-research-part-1/; https://oneoceanhub.org/a-reflection-on-the-global-biodiversity-framework/), the plastics treaty under negotiations (https://oneoceanhub.org/providing-considerations-for-the-next-phase-of-the-plastics-treaty-negotiators/), and business and human rights (https://oneoceanhub.org/better-understanding-the-negative-impacts-of-international-investment-law-for-human-rights-and-the-environment/); and • develop a platform for further and deeper collaborations with the UN human rights bodies and national human rights institutions (https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/) to support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, including an online clinic. Danish Institute for Human Rights invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" on 2-3 November 2023 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers, fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee. She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law, and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." In her remarks, Elisa underscored the role of the human right to a healthy environment, including children's human right to a healthy environment. Read detailed summary of Elisa Morgera key messages delivered during the event in this blogpost: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. This collaboration has had demonstrable positive policy impacts. The Hub, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the FAO worked closely in raising awareness of small-scale fishers' human rights during IYAFA and planning for the IYAFA Closing. The side-events and policy brief co-developed by the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights titled "The implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" sparked dialogue on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries during IYAFA Closing in 2023 among diverse stakeholders including policy makers, civil society, and representatives of international organisations. Hub and partner organisations that are part of this collaboration are strategising to bring findings from our research on human rights and small-scale fisheries and share good practices and methodologies at the next Small-Scale Fisheries Summit that will take place in July 2024. In addition, Hub research findings were included in the 2024 report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, This collaboration also brought societal impacts. All the events co-organised as part of this collaboration provided capacity building and training to a total of 823 small-scale fishers, representatives of national human rights institutions in the Global South, and civil society on national and international human rights mechanisms that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. This collaboration has also advanced gender equality. It is estimated that over 50 per cent of attendees across these events were women. This speaks to both the interest and need of capacity building for women in small-scale fisheries sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in 2022, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub specifically co-developed a side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' that was held on 1 July 2022 in Lisbon to raise awareness on women's human rights in fisheries. The event presented innovative tools and resources that enable users to identify the human rights dimension of fisheries governance, and devise strategies to enhance sustainability of the sector, while simultaneously enhancing the development and dignity of fishing-dependent marginalised population groups such as local communities, Indigenous peoples, and workers in all parts of the sector's value chain. Gender perspective was also considered across all the outcomes generated from this collaboration including publications and events.
Impact Peer-reviewed journal articles • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. Policy Brief • Morgera E, Switzer S, Lennan M, Webster E and Bansal T. (2023) "Policy brief: the implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers • One Ocean Hub. (2022). "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/IYAFA-Spreadsheet-Key-messages_2022.06.21.pdf. • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, One Ocean Hub, and the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2022). "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals." Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf Blogposts and impact story Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). Impact stories: Research and action across scales: protecting the human rights, livelihoods, and culture of small-scale fishers. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/imapct-story-research-and-action-across-scales/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "What we learnt at the closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/what-we-learnt-at-the-closing-of-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries-and-aquaculture/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "One Ocean Hub events in Rome for the Closing of IYAFA." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/one-ocean-hub-events-in-rome-for-the-closing-of-iyafa/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Exploring the way forward from IYAFA on small-scale fishers' human rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-way-forward-from-iyafa-on-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ Morgera E. (2022). "Celebrating our progress towards transformative change in 2022." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/celebrating-our-progress-towards-transformative-change-in-2022/. Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. Morgera E. (2022). "Reflecting on the UN Ocean Conference and the need to scale up ocean action for the transformative ocean governance we all need." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-the-un-ocean-conference-and-the-need-to-scale-up-ocean-action-for-the-transformative-ocean-governance-we-all-need/. Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. One Ocean Hub (2024), HUB RESEARCH INCLUDED IN UN SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR'S REPORT ON RIGHT TO FOOD, FISHERIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE, https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-research-included-in-un-special-rapporteurs-report-on-right-to-food-fisheries-and-climate-change/ Report • Danish Institute for Human Rights report on "The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations." Available from https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies. Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. UN World Oceans Day High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants.
Start Year 2022
 
Description Expanding Alliances to Support Small-Scale Fishers 
Organisation World Wide Fund for Nature
Country Switzerland 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution One Ocean Hub research and engagement activities have emphasised the importance to bring clarity on the content of the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries and build the capacities of fishers, fishworkers, and their communities to protect their human rights. Together with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub is bringing together human rights and environmental/fisheries organizations to support the protection of small-scale fishers' rights. Collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights began in April 2022 as part of our collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNOHCHR) (see entry "Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights Across Scales" under Collaborations). In June 2022, the Hub invited the Danish Institute to contribute to the joint High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights for the UN World Ocean Day that the Hub co-organised with FAO and UNOHCHR. See the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6_o. This event advanced awareness of the need for a holistic approach to the protection of the human rights of small-scale fishers and fish workers, and to explore the different UN mandates that can contribute to better international support for small-scale fishers representatives and advocates. Building upon this event, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights further collaborated during the UN Ocean Conference on 27th June - 1st July 2022 in Lisbon, Portugal and the UN International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture Closing Celebration on 27th-31st March 2023 in Rome, Italy. These initiatives led to the co-development of a webinar series (launched in February 2023) to raise awareness among international and national human rights bodies on the need to protect the human rights of small-scale fishers. This has led to a new collaboration between the Hub, the Danish Institute and the team of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food on a global report on human rights and fisheries (to be published in late 2023) and a country visit in South Africa (to be confirmed in May 2023). In addition, the Hub and the Danish Institute may collaborate in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia in engaging the NHRIs into Hub research on small-scale fishers' rights. Furthermore, the Hub's growing collaboration with the Danish Institute for Human Rights has led to joint planning of two events for the UN IYAFA closing celebration in March 2023 in Rome, Italy on further raising awareness of fisheries/environmental experts on the international and national human rights bodies that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, and on the need to ensure the protection of these rights in the context of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. On the latter, the Hub and the Danish Institute have published separately in 2022, with the Hub peer-reviewing the Danish Institute's reports, and the two organizations published a joint policy brief in late 2024 (a draft was released for comment before the IYAFA closing event in March 2023, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers). In late 2023, Hub Director Elisa Morgera was invited by the Danish Institute for Human Rights to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" (2-3 November 2023 Copenhagen, Denmark). The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/shedding-a-light-on-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers-complementarities-and-contrasts-between-the-un-declaration-on-peasants-rights-and-the-small-scale-fisheries-guidelines/), fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices (https://coastaljusticenetwork.co.za/) to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies (https://oneoceanhub.org/changing-understandings-of-and-engagments-with-ocean-dependent-communities-empatheatre/) and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee (https://oneoceanhub.org/brainstorming-on-new-un-guidance-on-economic-social-and-cultural-rights-and-sustainable-development/). She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law (https://oneoceanhub.org/global-coalition-on-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-environment-of-which-the-hub-is-part-honoured-with-the-2023-un-human-rights-prize/), and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." The meeting allowed the Hub to provide inputs into the new research planning and fund-raising by the Danish Institute, which is keen to work with the Hub on joint initiatives as part of the Hub's legacy: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. At the Danish Institute workshop, the Hub was also able to explore new collaboration opportunities with the Network of the African National Human Rights Institutions, which will be explored in 2024. Finally, the Hub contributed to the call for evidence of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food (https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/2023/call-input-right-food-and-securing-sustainable-small-scale-fisheries) for his next report on fisheries, which will be released in March 2024. In 2023, thanks to an introduction by the Danish Institute, NANHRI invited the Hub to contribute to 14 Biennial Conference on "Nurturing Responsible Business Conduct and Respect for Human Rights in Africa" (18-20 October 2023 in Accra, Ghana.) Dr Sulley Ibrahim, the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, presented empirical research findings of relevance to business in the context of the triple threat of climate change, marine litter and the depletion of fish stock due to overfishing and illicit fishing: https://oneoceanhub.org/clarifying-business-responsibility-to-respect-the-human-right-to-a-healthy-ocean/. In 2024, Hub research findings were included in the report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, focused on fisheries and the right to food in the context of climate change (A/HRC/55/49), with a focus on the advancement of the human rights of small-scale fishers and Indigenous Peoples. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Durban University of Technology, South Africa • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK • partner organisations based in Global South: • partner organisations based in the Global North: United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organisation, Italy; United Nations Institute for Training and Research, Switzerland; World Wide Fund for Nature The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • Partner organisations based in the Global South: Government of Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Africa; Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda, Uganda; Hen Mpoano, Ghana; COAST Foundation, Bangladesh; African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA); Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), Kenya; Locally-Managed Marine Area (LMMA) network, Fiji • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Danish Institute for Human Rights, Denmark; Government of Sweden, Sweden; Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland; United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Switzerland; International Ocean Institute (IOI), Malta; Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC), Fiji; Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, Washington; Association of Commonwealth Universities, UK; Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Sweden; Women in Ocean Science, UK; Commonwealth Blue Charter, UK; Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Belgium; Bread for the World Institute, US; Low Impact Fishers of Europe, Belgium; AKTEA Women in Fisheries, Italy; Blue Ventures, UK.
Collaborator Contribution Since April 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights and the One Ocean Hub have collaborated on sharing findings on small-scale fisheries and human rights research and develop capacity-building approaches, particularly through the Danish Institute's collaboration with African National Human Rights Institutes and their strong links with the UN Working Group on Business and Human Rights and the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub are collaborating in research on small-scale fishers' human rights in Ghana and on the issue of fisheries subsidies. The Danish Institute for Human Rights has worked with the Ministry of Justice of Ghana, the National Human rights Commission, and the same NGO that one of the Hub's partner in Ghana, the University of Cape Coast, is work with namely the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). Drawing from the Danish Institute for Human Rights engagement with these stakeholders in Ghana and their long-standing work on integrating human rights in environment impact assessment in fisheries sector, the Danish Institute for Human Rights could support the Hub in developing the strategic environmental assessment and bringing together different ministries in Ghana to discuss reducing fishing efforts and protecting small-scale fishers' human rights. In 2022 and 2023, the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights have collaborated to promote the human rights of small-scale fishers across three different international processes including the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022, the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022, and the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2023. At the Hub led High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Right for the UN World Ocean Week in June 2022. Ms Sille Stidsen, the Department Director of Human Rights and Development at the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), explained that the DIHR works as a national human rights institution, but also has an international mandate to support human rights institutions in other countries. The DIHR examined more than 200,000 recommendations from across international human rights bodies and procedures, and found out that not many (only 70) addressed the human rights of fishers in the context of fisheries management and conservation, with regard to: equality and non-discrimination, often in relation to government's allocation of fishing quotas (e.g., Iceland, South Africa, Morocco and Myanmar); the right to an adequate standard of living, dealing with the deprivation of local fishing communities of means of subsistence (e.g., Senegal and Djibouti); the right to a healthy environment in relation to marine environmental pollution, climate change affecting fishing communities dependent on marine resources (e.g., Nigeria and Madagascar); the rights of indigenous peoples with respect to access to fishing grounds (e.g., Norway, Mexico and South Africa); and special measures to secure fishing-dependent and marginalized communities access to marine resources and markets (e.g., Philippines, Indonesia and Maldives). At the event Ms Stidsen noted that it is important to give more focus on small-scale fishers in UN human rights monitoring mechanisms, ensure capacity-building for institutions working on human rights and small-scale fisheries, related data-sharing and reporting at national and international levels, file complaints regarding human rights violations to national and international human rights monitoring bodies. The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues held a session in April 2022, which resulted in the recommendation addressed to FAO to prepare a study on the impacts of industrial fishing on the rights of Indigenous Peoples regarding traditional fishing; and to FAO and the International Labour Organization (ILO) to conduct a study on human rights violations suffered by Indigenous Peoples in the fishing sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in June 2022 the Danish Institute for Human Rights was one of the co-organisers of the side-event titled 'The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28th June 2023. Their contribution to the Hub-led side event focused on guidance on business due diligence and environmental impact assessment. Ms Tulika Bansal shared key findings from a recent sector-wide assessment of Chile's salmon industry on the human right impacts on workers, communities, including indigenous and small-scale fishers, and other rights-holders that the Danish Institute for Human Rights has carried out: • Independent research is lacking on human rights impacts of businesses in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors; • Existing research tends to focus on environmental impacts, less on social and human rights dimensions; • Interdisciplinary teams are lacking to assess human rights closely from environmental, social and health disciplines; • There is lack of expertise on human rights by those working in the sectors, both states and companies, but also auditors (e.g. in certification). • She concluded that there is a pressing need to enhance research and collaboration to better assess, document and most importantly, address the human rights impacts in fisheries and aquaculture. The Danish Institute for Human Rights also invited the Hub to support their event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022. The event highlighted that strategies for strengthening ocean-based economies must be aligned with human rights standards and take adequate considerations towards population groups, including women, dependent on coastal ecosystems and marine resources. This entails following a gender sensitive and human rights-based approach to policy and programme development - and aligning business activities and the States' regulation of the private sector with the UN Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights. The event was co-organised by 14 other organisations that are actively working to advance protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. These include the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation (SSNC), Women in Ocean Science, the Commonwealth Blue Charter, COAST Foundation, the African Confederation of Professional Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA), Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Bread for the World, Community Action for Nature Conservation (CANCO), LMMA network, Low Impact Fishers of Europe (LIFE) and AKTEA, Blue Ventures, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and the Government of Sweden. Also during the UN Ocean Conference, the Hub invited the Danish Institute for Human Rights to United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)-led side-event titled 'From Ocean Knowledge to Action: Developing Capacity to Create a Sustainable Ocean Economy' on 30 June 2022 that was co-organised with One Ocean Hub, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and the International Ocean Institute (IOI) to launch One Ocean Learn (https://www.oneoceanlearn.org/). The Hub and the Green Development and Climate Change Programme Unit of UNITAR have been working over the past three years to create the One Ocean Learn, an innovative online platform which aims to support global capacity building by translating ocean knowledge into action-oriented learning for activists, communities, development practitioners, policymakers and researchers on the ways in which global, national and local communities depend on and relate to the ocean, coastal areas and marine life (https://oneoceanhub.org/launching-the-one-ocean-learn-knowledge-translation-platform/). The focus is on connecting knowledge across different sources and enhance capacities to use integrated knowledge to contribute towards more sustainable decisions on the ocean. The Hub and UNITAR are exploring the potential to link the Danish Institute for Human Rights's database on fisheries and human rights to One Ocean Learn based on the idea of developing an 'ocean and human rights platform'. In the run up to the IYAFA Closing Celebration in Rome in March 2023, the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Hub, and the UNOHCHR co-organised Dialogue series on fisheries and human rights composed of two online webinars on exploring how NHRIs and international human rights mechanisms are addressing human rights issues in fishing communities on 1st and 2nd February 2023. The Dialogue series was primarily targeting national human rights institutions, the international human rights mechanisms, and key national, regional, and global civil society organisations working on fisheries and human rights. The series explored how national and international human rights actors are using their respective mandates to promote and protect the rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities. The ambition of the dialogue was to better understand current engagement and to explore opportunities for deepening their engagement and collaboration between the different actors. The first webinar of the series focused on the role of national human rights institutions (NHRIs) to address the human rights abuses and violations affecting small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The second webinar focused on protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms. Representatives from the international mechanisms shared examples of current advice and recommendations to states in relation to the human rights of small-scale fishers and indigenous peoples. The Dialogue Series brought together representatives of UN OHCHR, FAO, UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Michael Fakhri the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Dorothy Estrada-Tanck the Chair of the UN Working Group on Discrimination against Women and Girls, Hen Mpoano, NHRIs of the Philippines, Chile, South Africa and Colombia; International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty Working Group on Fisheries, Katosi Women Development Trust of Uganda; Legal Resources Centre, South Africa; and Hub researchers based at Durban University of Technology, South Africa and the University of Strathclyde, UK. In March 2023 the Hub collaborated with Danish Institute for Human Rights and FAO to co-organise three events as part of the IYAFA closing events in Rome, Italy: 1. An in-person or hybrid event on World Trade Organization (WTO) Fisheries Subsidies and Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights on 30th March 2023. The Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights wrote a joint policy brief on this theme based on Hub papers of fisheries subsidies and Danish Institute for Human Rights report on 'The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations' which the Hub has provided inputs (https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies), with invited participants from FAO, WTO and OECD among others. 2. Training event on accessing national and international human rights bodies on Small-Scale Fishers human rights for fisheries and environmental experts on 31st March 2023, with participation from the UNOHCHC, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food and the South African NHRI; 3. an in-person performance of empatheatre play Listen to the Sea at FAO HQs. Our contributions to the Danish Institute's planning process were incorporated in their report of the 2023 workshop, including the need for further work to: • clarify the minimum content of State conduct under international environmental law obligations, including from the perspective of Global North/South equity; • support systems thinking and capacity building (https://griffithlawjournal.org/index.php/gjlhd/article/view/1219) for more integrated approaches to the protection of human rights and the ocean at the outset, bringing together expertise from communities of practice that still operate quite separately (human health, https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/human-health-depends-on-thriving-oceans/; marine ecosystem services, https://oneoceanhub.org/climate-change-ecosystem-services-in-areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction/ ); • address human rights under the "High Seas"/BBNJ Agreement (https://brill.com/view/journals/estu/38/3/article-p447_3.xml) on marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, and the importance of the human right to science in this connection; • identify new areas for research and solidarity action with ocean-dependent human rights holders, such as One Health (https://oneoceanhub.org/breaking-barriers-around-one-health/), the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/), the ocean-climate nexus (https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/introduction-applying-a-human-rights-lens-to-the-ocean-climate-nexus/), the Global Biodiversity Framework (https://oneoceanhub.org/what-does-the-global-biodiversity-framework-and-other-2022-un-biodiversity-summit-outcomes-mean-for-the-ocean-and-ocean-research-part-1/; https://oneoceanhub.org/a-reflection-on-the-global-biodiversity-framework/), the plastics treaty under negotiations (https://oneoceanhub.org/providing-considerations-for-the-next-phase-of-the-plastics-treaty-negotiators/), and business and human rights (https://oneoceanhub.org/better-understanding-the-negative-impacts-of-international-investment-law-for-human-rights-and-the-environment/); and • develop a platform for further and deeper collaborations with the UN human rights bodies and national human rights institutions (https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/) to support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights, including an online clinic. Danish Institute for Human Rights invited Hub Director Elisa Morgera to contribute to an expert meeting on "Human Rights and the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources" on 2-3 November 2023 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The meeting aimed to explore the key human rights issues currently affecting small-scale fishers, fish workers and fishing-dependent communities; share emerging good practices to address these issues and explore new areas for future attention; and learn of new methodologies and approaches for securing the integration of human rights within relevant policy and legal frameworks and in industry practices. Elisa Morgera was part of a panel with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, colleagues from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chair of the UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee. She provided insights in particular on "New Frontiers in Environmental Law, its interplay with Human Rights Law, and its Particular Relevance for Coastal Communities." In her remarks, Elisa underscored the role of the human right to a healthy environment, including children's human right to a healthy environment. Read detailed summary of Elisa Morgera key messages delivered during the event in this blogpost: https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. This collaboration has had demonstrable positive policy impacts. The Hub, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the FAO worked closely in raising awareness of small-scale fishers' human rights during IYAFA and planning for the IYAFA Closing. The side-events and policy brief co-developed by the Hub and the Danish Institute for Human Rights titled "The implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" sparked dialogue on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries during IYAFA Closing in 2023 among diverse stakeholders including policy makers, civil society, and representatives of international organisations. Hub and partner organisations that are part of this collaboration are strategising to bring findings from our research on human rights and small-scale fisheries and share good practices and methodologies at the next Small-Scale Fisheries Summit that will take place in July 2024. In addition, Hub research findings were included in the 2024 report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, This collaboration also brought societal impacts. All the events co-organised as part of this collaboration provided capacity building and training to a total of 823 small-scale fishers, representatives of national human rights institutions in the Global South, and civil society on national and international human rights mechanisms that can support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights. This collaboration has also advanced gender equality. It is estimated that over 50 per cent of attendees across these events were women. This speaks to both the interest and need of capacity building for women in small-scale fisheries sector. During the UN Ocean Conference in 2022, Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Hub specifically co-developed a side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' that was held on 1 July 2022 in Lisbon to raise awareness on women's human rights in fisheries. The event presented innovative tools and resources that enable users to identify the human rights dimension of fisheries governance, and devise strategies to enhance sustainability of the sector, while simultaneously enhancing the development and dignity of fishing-dependent marginalised population groups such as local communities, Indigenous peoples, and workers in all parts of the sector's value chain. Gender perspective was also considered across all the outcomes generated from this collaboration including publications and events.
Impact Peer-reviewed journal articles • Lennan M and Switzer S. (2022). "World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4275517. • Switzer S, Morgera E, and Webster E (2022). "Casting the net wider? The transformative potential of integrating human rights into the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies." Review of European, Comparative, and International Law (RECIEL). https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12477. Policy Brief • Morgera E, Switzer S, Lennan M, Webster E and Bansal T. (2023) "Policy brief: the implementation of the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement should support the human rights of small-scale fishers" https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-the-implementation-of-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement-should-support-the-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers • One Ocean Hub. (2022). "Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/IYAFA-Spreadsheet-Key-messages_2022.06.21.pdf. • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, One Ocean Hub, and the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2022). "Applying coherently the human rights-based approach to small-scale fisheries for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals." Available from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3251en/cc3251en.pdf Blogposts and impact story Febrica S & Webster E. (2023). "How can national human rights institutions and international human rights mechanisms support the protection of small-scale fishers' human rights?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/how-can-national-human-rights-institutions-and-international-human-rights-mechanisms-support-the-protection-of-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Where next, to advance the protection of human rights of small-scale fishers?" Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/where-next-to-advance-the-protection-of-human-rights-of-small-scale-fishers/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). Impact stories: Research and action across scales: protecting the human rights, livelihoods, and culture of small-scale fishers. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/imapct-story-research-and-action-across-scales/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "What we learnt at the closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/what-we-learnt-at-the-closing-of-the-international-year-of-artisanal-fisheries-and-aquaculture/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "One Ocean Hub events in Rome for the Closing of IYAFA." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/one-ocean-hub-events-in-rome-for-the-closing-of-iyafa/. One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Exploring the way forward from IYAFA on small-scale fishers' human rights." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/exploring-the-way-forward-from-iyafa-on-small-scale-fishers-human-rights/ Morgera E. (2022). "Celebrating our progress towards transformative change in 2022." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/celebrating-our-progress-towards-transformative-change-in-2022/. Nakamura J. (2022). "Advancing Alliances for Better Protecting Small-Scale Fishers' Human Rights at World Ocean Week." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/advancing-alliances-for-better-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights-at-world-oceans-week/. Morgera E. (2022). "Reflecting on the UN Ocean Conference and the need to scale up ocean action for the transformative ocean governance we all need." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-the-un-ocean-conference-and-the-need-to-scale-up-ocean-action-for-the-transformative-ocean-governance-we-all-need/. Switzer S and Lennan, M. (2022). "The WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. 'It's good, but it's not quite right'." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/the-wtos-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies-its-good-but-its-not-quite-right/ Switzer, S. (2022). "Untangling the nets of the fisheries subsidies debate." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/untangling-the-nets-of-the-fisheries-subsidies-debate/. One Ocean Hub (2024), HUB RESEARCH INCLUDED IN UN SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR'S REPORT ON RIGHT TO FOOD, FISHERIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE, https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-research-included-in-un-special-rapporteurs-report-on-right-to-food-fisheries-and-climate-change/ Report • Danish Institute for Human Rights report on "The Human Rights Impacts of Fisheries Subsidies: Analysis, Implications and Recommendations." Available from https://www.humanrights.dk/publications/human-rights-impacts-fisheries-subsidies. Events UN Ocean Conference 2022 • "The future and ocean WE (ALL) want: Inclusion and integration for strong, sustainable and equitable blue economies' on 28 June 2022 (led by One Ocean Hub). See here: https://sdgs.un.org/events/future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue; https://oneoceanhub.org/the-future-and-ocean-we-all-want-inclusion-and-integration-for-strong-sustainable-and-equitable-blue-economies/. This event was attended by 28 attendees. • Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. UN World Oceans Day High-level event: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Alliances for the Protection of Small-scale Fishers' Human Rights, 6 June 2022. Recording is available from here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaBnVZQS6. This event was attended by 52 attendees. IYAFA Events Danish Institute for Human Rights-led side event titled 'Leveraging Human Rights and Gender Equity to Achieve SDG 14' on 1st July 2022 (https://www.humanrights.dk/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture). This event was attended by 50 attendees. Dialogue Series on Human Rights Actors and Fisheries "Advancing the protection of small-scale fisher rights at national and international level organised by the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), One Ocean Hub and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): • The first webinar National human rights institutions: Experiences and Potential for Addressing the Human Rights of small-scale fishers, fish workers and their communities, 1 February 2023 (https://youtu.be/O4MyETHEkdk). This event was attended by 103 attendees. • The second webinar Protecting the human rights of small-scale fishers through international human rights mechanisms (https://youtu.be/l9kbB3wXt6c) This event was attended by 91 attendees. The Hub co-organised a series of events for IYAFA Closing in Rome with the FAO, OHCHR, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights on 29-31 March 2023. These are listed below. • Wednesday, 29 March 2023, 10am-1pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Workshop on using arts-based and knowledge-solidarity network approaches for the empowerment of small-scale fishers to have their voice heard" (in-person only). This event was attended by 27 attendees. • Wednesday, 29 March, 2-4pm (Rome time), Chagall Meeting Room, Hotel Ripa, Via degli Orti di Trastevere, 3, 00153 Rome: "Hybrid training event on the international and national avenues for the legal empowerment of small-scale fishers" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. View the event recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMl0hVBoKwg&t=10s. The event was attended by 105 attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 9-11am (Rome time), Queen Juliana room: hybrid "Roundtable on the relevance of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies for the legal protection of small-scale fisheries" co-organised by the One Ocean Hub with the Danish Institute for Human Rights, with technical inputs from FAO. The event was attended by a total of 56 attendees including 43 online attendees and 13 in-person attendees. • Friday, 31 March, 15:30-17:00 (Rome time), Flag Room: Empatheatre performance 'Lalela uLwandle (Listen to the Sea)' after the official, high-level closing of IYAFA. View the photos from the event at FAO Flickr account here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307162658. The event brought together 35 attendees in total. • High-Level Closing of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, 31 March 2023. View the event recording here: https://www.fao.org/webcast/home/en/item/6123/icode/ and photos from here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/faonews/albums/72177720307140496. "The event was attended by 226 attendees in total. These include 146 online participants and 80 in-person participants.
Start Year 2022
 
Description Expanding alliances on ocean defenders 
Organisation Glasgow School of Art
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Environmental human rights defenders have been defined by the United Nations as individuals and communities that raise awareness about the negative impacts on human rights of unsustainable decisions on the environment. Defenders are increasingly the object of (often lethal) attacks by governments or private companies. They thus exemplify a double flaw of national governments: they do not effectively protect or ensure sustainable use of the environment to the detriment of human rights, and they persecute or allow persecution of those that raise awareness about these problems. Current international protection for environmental human rights defenders is focussed on land defenders, so ocean-defenders are overlooked. The One Ocean Hub was invited by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to provide inputs, and recommendations within the UN system to connect efforts in the recognition of ocean defenders as environmental human rights defenders. Hub researchers were thus invited to contribute to the UNEP Global and Regional Consultations (Africa) on understanding and identifying good practices in support of environmental human rights defenders in May 2021. Following these consultations, the Hub was invited to present relevant research and methods at the inaugural Summer/Winter School on Human rights and the environment on 21-25 June 2021 that UNEP co-organizes with the Global Network for Human Rights and the Environment (GNHRE), with a view to raising awareness and building the capacity of human rights activists, researchers, and representatives of governments from around the world on the basis of perspectives and experiences from the Global South. The Hub's collaboration with UNEP and GNHRE from 2021 to 2023 around the Summer/Winter School shed light more generally how human rights and the environment experts and activists are not aware of the human rights challenges faced in relation to the coastal and marine environment. GNHRE and UNEP have supported the Hub's joint programme of work with FAO and the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 and 2023 (see separate entry under Collaborations). As a follow up to the Hub's engagement with the Winter/Summer School on Human Rights and the Environment on the International Day of Action for Rivers, 14 March 2023, Hub researchers and small-scale fishers from South Africa participated in the "Water Defenders Workshop", organised by the Global Network for Human Rights and the Environment (GNHRE) in partnership with the United Nations Environment Programme. Hub early-career researchers Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University) and Aphiwe Moshani (University of Cape Town) from the Coastal Justice Network together with Sinegugu Zukulu (Sustaining the Wild Coast), Melisa Pullen (The Collective), Ntsindiso Nongcavu (Coastal Links Eastern Cape) and Jerry Mngomezulu (Kosi Bay Affected Communities) contributed to the session of the workshop titled "Defending the ocean at the kelp roots: Stories from Small scale fisher ocean defenders in South Africa" (Read more here: https://oneoceanhub.org/empty-or-livelihood-space-changing-narratives-about-the-ocean-space-and-ocean-defenders-in-the-roll-out-of-blue-economy-plans/). To further expands our imaginations of solidarity in support of human rights defenders, in September 2023, three Hub researchers, Elaine Webster and Elisa Morgera (University of Strathclyde, UK), and Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University, South Africa) contributed to the Annual Network Conference of the Association of Human Rights Institutes, that will be hosted by the University of Deusto in Bilbao, Spain, under the theme, "Human Rights Defenders Under Siege." The Hub contributed to the panel focused on 'The Role of Academia in the support to HRDs.' Information on the title and key messages explored in Elaine Webster, Elisa Morgera and Taryn Pereira's papers is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/ocean-defenders-research-at-the-association-of-human-rights-institutes-conference/. The conference offered an opportunity to share and contrast the research and practices under the One Ocean Hub on ocean defenders as environmental human rights defenders with other academic research and practice with human rights defenders more broadly. The three Hub papers presented contributed to the conference track on the role of academia in support of human rights defenders (HRDs), raised the profile of ocean human rights defenders as environmental human rights defenders and explored different facets of navigating academic solidarity practices at different scales (https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-opportunities-and-tensions-in-academic-solidarity-practices-with-environmental-human-rights-defenders/). On 29 November 2023, Hub early career researcher Taryn Pereira, UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment David Boyd and other experts participated in the webinar 'A Global Spotlight on Ocean Defenders' to call attention to the ongoing struggles and efforts of ocean defenders globally and explore potential actions that allied organizations and other institutions might take to support and protect ocean defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v11nLsazmaw&t=20s). The webinar was co-hosted by the Ocean Defenders Project, and the Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy of the IUCN, with which the Hub has been collaborating for a couple of years. This blog post reflects on the key points raised at the webinar, and the ongoing work that the Hub is conducting on these issues (https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-ocean-defenders-and-the-responsibilities-of-marine-conservation-organizations/), Hub early career researcher Taryn Pereira has been a collaborator of the Ocean Defenders Project (https://oceandefendersproject.org/) since 2022, and has contributed a case study about ocean defending small scale fishers in South Africa (https://oceandefendersproject.org/case-study/no-to-seismic-surveys/). The Ocean Defenders Project is a collaborative initiative that aims to increase understanding of, raise the profile of, and bring greater support to ocean defenders worldwide. In November 2023, the UN published its "Guidance note for United Nations resident coordinators & country teams: supporting governments to better respect, promote and protect environmental human rights defenders, November 2023" (https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/issues/climatechange/information-materials/SGC2A-EHRDs-Guidance-Note-Nov-2023-web.pdf). This guidance note was prepared as part of the Secretary-General's Call to Action for Human Rights in order to increase support from the United Nations on the ground to Environmental Human Rights Defenders (EHRDs). It outlines concrete actions which UN Country Teams may take, including under the lead of the Resident Coordinators as appropriate, in order to better protect EHRDs, in their work to support governments on the ground. This includes - but is not limited to: empowering EHRDs to participate in decision-making, contributing to the protection of EHRDs through the work of the UN, promoting a safe and enabling civic space, strengthening access to justice for EHRDs and engaging with businesses to enhance the protection of EHRDs. Prior to the publication of the Guidance, Elisa Morgera was invited to speak about the importance of ocean defenders by UNEP, the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the UN Secretary-General's Executive Office at an online forum for the UN system and civil society organisations on 6th September 2023. The forum provided an opportunity to share experience and discuss how the Secretary-General's Call to Action for Human Rights can be leveraged to support and enhance strategic engagement on human rights and the environment and strengthened protection for environmental human rights defenders (https://oneoceanhub.org/contributing-to-the-un-call-for-action-on-human-rights-with-a-focus-on-ocean-defenders). In December 2023, the Hub's early-career researcher Sophie Shields and Hub Director Elisa Morgera (University of Strathclyde, UK), made a submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on human rights defenders on child and youth human rights defenders, with a view to highlight the role and risks of children environmental human rights defenders at the ocean-climate nexus. Read key messages shared in their written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.org/calling-attention-to-children-ocean-defenders/; https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-what-child-environmental-human-rights-defenders-need-to-know-to-defend-and-protect-a-healthy-ocean/). In 2024, the Hub will expand its cooperation with UNEP and GNHRE to advance recognition and protection of ocean defenders, including small-scale fishers and children ocean defenders (https://oneoceanhub.org/calling-attention-to-children-ocean-defenders/; https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-what-child-environmental-human-rights-defenders-need-to-know-to-defend-and-protect-a-healthy-ocean/; https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en) through its partnership with the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Namibia, Namibia • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; University of Plymouth, UK; Glasgow School of Art, UK • partner organisations based in the Global South: United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Oceans Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • research partners in the Global North: The Pedro Arrupe Human Rights Institute, the University of Deusto, Spain; the University of British Columbia School of Public Policy and Global Affairs, Canada. • Partner organisations based in the Global South: The Association of Human Rights Institutes (AHRI), South Africa • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Global Network for Human Rights and the Environment, UK; UNOHCHR, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, US; UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, Switzerland; UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights Defenders, Switzerland; the Peopled Seas Initiative, Vancouver, Canada; Environmental Defenders Collaborative, US.
Collaborator Contribution UNEP was a project partner of the Hub from the start. GNHRE is a global network of thinkers, researchers, policy-makers, opinion-formers and community activists whose diversity forges new conversations and relationships. This collaboration represents an opportunity for the Hub to build capacities and embed learning into a global community of practice on human rights and the environment. The Hub contributed to three sessions of the inaugural Winter/Summer School, being the only institution (in addition to UNEP) to present on ocean-related human rights matters. Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, presented on the marine environment, marine litter and human rights as part of the theme "Critical Perspectives in Human Rights and the Environment" on 24 June 2021. She explored issues around government and business responsibility and accountability, as well knowledge gaps and the blind spots we face when it comes to impacts of plastic products (and their additives) and plastic pollution on women, informal workers, disadvantaged groups. Hub Co-Director Dr Dylan McGarry and early-career research Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University) delivered a presentation on Empatheatre and the Coastal Justice Network as part of the sessions titled "Participation as Resistance" and "Human Rights Defenders", with Morgera contributing as a discussant. The Hub team particularly highlighted the role of small-scale fishers as environmental defenders. The video-recordings of these sessions will be used by UNEP as capacity-building materials that will be included in a permanent website to be launched in 2022. As a result, GNHRE and UNEP invited the Hub to co-develop the call for proposals for the second edition of the Summer/Winter School in 2022, under the theme "Water: from oceans to taps" (20-24 June 2022), with the Hub making suggestions about more integrated approaches to the water cycle and to the indivisibility of human rights. The GNHRE-UNEP website explicitly acknowledged Hub contribution as follows: 'The insights arising from ongoing research, as well as from Global South-North and rightsholders-researchers collaborations, under the One Ocean Hub have contributed to identify themes and approaches for the call for panels, in order to help address disconnects between areas of expertise and practice on human rights and the environment. With special thanks to Prof Elisa Morgera, Advisor to the School for Human Rights and Environment' (see: https://gnhre.org/community/gnhre-org-schoolofhumanrightsandenvironment/). The Hub then worked with various partners to co-develop seven different panels at the GNHRE and UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022. The Hub and GNHRE are also brought together a group of researchers around the world interested in advancing scholarship and practice on ocean defenders, as the second edition of the Winter/Summer School had a dedicated segment on environmental human rights defenders. The seven Hub-led panels include: (1) The human rights dimensions of ocean crimes and its impact on small-scale fishers, 20 June 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM); (2) Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus, 21 June 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w); (3) Children's rights to a healthy climate, healthy freshwater and a healthy ocean, 21 June 202 (https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-led-panels-for-the-2022-summer-winter-school-on-human-rights-and-the-environment/); (4) Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders, 22 June 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc&t=1664s); (5) Protecting human rights of small-scale artisanal fishing actors and achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals, 23 June 2022 (https://oneoceanhub.org/key-messages-from-the-unep-winter-summer-school-on-human-rights-from-oceans-to-taps-part-1-focus-on-small-scale-fishers/); (6) Ocean plastic and ocean waste, 23 June 2022 (https://oneoceanhub.org/key-messages-from-the-unep-winter-summer-school-on-human-rights-from-oceans-to-taps-part-2-children-ocean-defenders-and-plastics/); and (7) Defending the ocean at the kelp roots: Stories from Small scale fisher ocean defenders in South Africa, 28 June 2022 (https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-led-panels-for-the-2022-summer-winter-school-on-human-rights-and-the-environment/). In addition, Prof Morgera started to co-develop the broader mission of the School for the future with GHNRE with a view to: promoting decolonial approaches to human rights and the environment; combining panel presentations with mini-workshops to engage participants in co-developing key messages (policy recommendations, research gaps and capacity needs); and bringing together communities of practice ("labs" for instance on defenders), who could then apply for research grants/funding to take action together on the basis of key messages from the School, as well as reach out with proposals to existing resources (eg UNEP Judges Training programme). GNHRE co-organised a research symposium with Hub researchers based at Rhodes University including Taryn Pereira, Dylan McGarry, Buhle Francis and Anna James on 8 September 2021. This is reported under 'Engagement' section of Research Fish. The symposium provided a space for Hub researchers to share their work with coastal environmental defenders in South Africa, to connect into GNHRE wider networks of support of environmental and human rights defenders. This symposium further developed and deepened the Hub working partnership with GNHRE which enables important pan-African and international networking opportunities for the Coastal Justice Network. As a result, McGarry and Pereira are working on a paper with Dr Dina Lupin, GNHRE Director, entitled 'Taking our time: consultation and indigenous storytelling in South Africa', which has been accepted for the University of Southampton 'Law and Humanities' roundtable in July 2022. UNEP provided staff time as in-kind contribution in the co-development of joint panel proposals and engagement activities with the Hub, particularly those that support the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, for the Second School of Human Rights and Environment with the Hub in 2022. This collaboration was also connected with the UNEP-Hub partnerships on human rights and ocean plastics discussed in a separate entry under Collaborations. In 2023, for the third year running, the Hub collaborated with GNHRE and UNEP in co-organising a series of five panels for the GNHRE & UNEP Summer/Winter School for Human Rights & the Environment (https://gnhre.org/transformations-and-transitions-the-2023-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/). The School ran from 11-15 September 2023 to examine the themes of "Transformative governance, (just) transition and the many dimensions of 'change' that enhance or threaten human rights and the environment" (https://gnhre.org/?page_id=16650). The School was held in collaboration with the University of Southampton Law School, with ongoing support from the Hub. During the GNHRE and UNEP Summer/Winter School 2023, the Hub hosted the following programme of events on 11-14 September 2023: (1) "Ocean and human health: transitioning and transforming to an era of interdisciplinary competencies" 11 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEssRf9FRdg&t=4s); (2) "The transformative role of children's rights to a healthy ocean," 12 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sMlGo3pQWM). (3) "Transforming ocean conservation and sustainable use: rethinking blue economies in terms of environmental and socio-cultural justice," 13 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtg-afz5tnA). (4) "Gender-transformative approaches to environmental protection: Women, Girls & the Ocean," 14 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMkD4XlJYhY). (5) "Transitioning from the past, through the present to potential futures of knowledge hierarchies in ocean biodiversity governance research," 14 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D63RjDDwVHk&t=2s). The Hub's participation in at the GNHRE and UNEP Summer/Winter School strengthened the Hub's partnership with our existing partners such UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (UNDOALOS) that co-organised the "Gender-transformative approaches to environmental protection panel." It also helped to consolidate the contributions of Hub's early career researchers including Dr Andrea Longo, Dr David Wilson and Sophie Shields (University of Strathclyde, UK); Dr Alana Lancaster (University of the West Indies, Barbados); Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa); Dr Holly Niner (University of Plymouth, UK); Taryn Pereira and Dr Buhle Francis (Rhodes University, South Africa); Martha Jonas (University of Namibia, Namibia); and Marly Muudeni Samuel (Glasgow School of Art, UK) to Small-Scale Fisheries Summit in 5-7 July 2024 and UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (see separate entries under Collaborations). In addition to collaboration with UNEP and GNHRE, the Hub established a partnership with the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), to raise awareness about "blue justice" issues and ocean defenders, and identify good practices to protect small-scale fishers as EHRDs. Collaboration with IUCN started at the beginning of 2022 as the Hub and IUCN co-organised an event for the 2022 Summer/Winter School for Human and Environmental Rights organized by UNEP and GNHRE titled "The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small-scale fishers" on 20th June 2022. The event brought together the Chair of the IUCN People and the Ocean Specialist Group, Dr Nathan Bennett and Hub researchers including Dr Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana) and early career researchers Dr Alexander Winkler (Rhodes University, South Africa), Dr Alana Lancaster (University of the West Indies, Barbados) and Dr Hashali Hamukuaya (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa). The panel explored the human rights, equity and justice dimensions of ocean crimes and its impacts on small scale fishers. It started with an examination of the ideas of blue growth and its possible consequences for coastal communities, the social justice implications of rapid and unchecked ocean development, its impacts on livelihoods of small-scale fishers and the human rights consequences of these developments in particular as it relates to ocean defenders; who defend and protect the marine and coastal environment and the human rights of coastal populations against existential threats including oceans crimes. The panel then proceeded with an examination of the effects of recreational fisheries crime in South Africa on the integrity of small-scale fisher development and the impacts of oceans crimes on Ghana and the countries in the Caribbean. See the event recording here: http://bit.ly/3jBNz07. On 14 and 16 September 2022, the IUCN People and the Ocean Specialist Group invited the Hub to participate in a project launch and initial virtual working group meeting for "The Ocean Defenders Project". The project aims to co-produce knowledge related to where, why, and how ocean defenders are opposing existential threats to the marine environment and their rights, and to better understand the actions that can be taken to protect and support ocean defenders. Hub's early career researcher, Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University) contributed to the conceptualization of the project and is leading the development of a case study on the Coastal Justice Network to highlight small-scale fishers' resistance to oil and gas exploration in South Africa. Hub Director, Prof Elisa Morgera (University of Strathclyde), is involved in the synthesis of all case studies. In addition to the One Ocean Hub, partner organisations of "The Ocean Defenders Project" include the Peopled Seas Initiative, the University of British Columbia School of Public Policy and Global Affairs, Environmental Defenders Collaborative and the IUCN CEESP. As part of this partnership, the IUCN also invited the Hub to write blogposts on ocean defenders as part of the IUCN Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy (CEESP) News in June and November 2022. The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, and early career researchers, Dr Senia Febrica and Dr Buhle Francis' contributions to the CEESP News highlighted the role of small-scale fishers women and girls, children and young people in the protection of biodiversity and a healthy ocean. They noted the need to ensure full and effective representation and participation of small-scale-fishers, children and youth in decision making on global biodiversity. As part of "the Ocean Defenders Project", IUCN and the Hub also co-produced two peer-reviewed articles on 'ocean defenders', one of which is co-authored with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, Dr David Boyd. These papers are listed below. The Hub together with IUCN and UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) have been raising the issue of ocean defenders also in its events and publications on deep-seabed mining, with particular attention to children and youth defenders throughout 2023. We will continue this collaboration to influence international negotiations on deep-seabed mining in 2024 (reported under a separate entry "Influencing international negotiations on deep-seabed mining"). In 2023, the Hub's participation in the 2023 annual conference of the Association of Human Rights Institutes under the theme, 'Human Rights Defenders Under Siege' (7-9 September 2023, Bilbao, Spain, https://live.eventtia.com/en/ahriconference2023/AHRI-Conference-2023/) has fostered new partnerships between the Hub and the co-organisers of the conference to increase visibility of ocean as well as land-based environmental defenders. The co-organisers include the Association of Human Rights Institutes - AHRI, consists of 75 member institutions that carry out research and education in the field of human rights across every continent - and The Pedro Arrupe Human Rights Institute, the University of Deusto, Spain. This conference enabled Hub researchers to learn with great interest that the Special Rapporteur on Environmental Defenders under the Aarhus Convention on procedural environmental rights has a mandate to investigate threats to EHRDs by private companies based in State parties but operating abroad, and could approach directly the CEO of European companies operating abroad in this connection (https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-opportunities-and-tensions-in-academic-solidarity-practices-with-environmental-human-rights-defenders/). This collaboration achieved societal impacts through the creation of new network comprising a group of researchers, lawyers, and activists from around the world interested in advancing scholarship and practice on environmental human rights. We estimated that the total of 17 panels that the Hub has co-organised with partners as part of the UNEP and GNHRE Summer/Winter School from 2021 to 2023 have trained 817 attendees across different areas related to ocean and human rights. The collaboration has also mainstreamed gender equality. Female speakers accounted for 50-70 per cent of speakers in each panel the Hub has co-organised for the UNEP and GNHRE Summer/Winter School from 2021 to 2023. Gender dimension was also addressed in the delivery of each panel. For example, "Marine environment, marine litter, and human rights" panel in 2021 explored impacts of marine litter towards small-scale fishers women in Ghana. Similarly, "Children's rights to a healthy climate, healthy freshwater and a healthy ocean" panel in 2022 touched upon the impacts of climate change on women and girls' human rights to food, health, and education. In 2023, in collaboration with UNEP, GNHRE, and UNDOALOS the Hub co-developed the first panel focusing on gender and ocean titled "Gender-transformative approaches to environmental protection: Women, Girls & the Ocean."
Impact Webinars The Hub contribution at "Critical Perspectives in Human Rights and the Environment", "Participation as Resistance", and Marine environment, marine litter, and human rights' panels for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021. Each panel was attended by around 50 attendees. Three panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 as outlined in the previous section. Video links for the three panels could be found below. • Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. • Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. • Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. Seven panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022 as outlined in the previous section and the relevant links could be found below.. • The human rights dimensions of ocean crimes and its impact on small-scale fishers, 20 June 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus, 21 June 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • Children's rights to a healthy climate, healthy freshwater and a healthy ocean, 21 June 202 (https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-led-panels-for-the-2022-summer-winter-school-on-human-rights-and-the-environment/). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders, 22 June 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc&t=1664s). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • Protecting human rights of small-scale artisanal fishing actors and achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals, 23 June 2022 (https://oneoceanhub.org/key-messages-from-the-unep-winter-summer-school-on-human-rights-from-oceans-to-taps-part-1-focus-on-small-scale-fishers/). This event was attended by around 70 attendees. • Ocean plastic and ocean waste, 23 June 2022 (https://oneoceanhub.org/key-messages-from-the-unep-winter-summer-school-on-human-rights-from-oceans-to-taps-part-2-children-ocean-defenders-and-plastics/). This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Defending the ocean at the kelp roots: Stories from Small scale fisher ocean defenders in South Africa, 28 June 2022 (https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-led-panels-for-the-2022-summer-winter-school-on-human-rights-and-the-environment/). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. Five panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2023 as outlined in the previous section and the recording links could be found below. • Ocean and human health: transitioning and transforming to an era of interdisciplinary competencies, 11 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEssRf9FRdg&t=4s). This event was attended by 40 attendees. • The transformative role of children's rights to a healthy ocean, 12 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sMlGo3pQWM). This event was attended by 35 attendees. • Transforming ocean conservation and sustainable use: rethinking blue economies in terms of environmental and socio-cultural justice, 13 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtg-afz5tnA). This event was attended by 38 participants. • Gender-transformative approaches to environmental protection: Women, Girls & the Ocean, 14 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMkD4XlJYhY). This event was attended by 38 participants. • Transitioning from the past, through the present to potential futures of knowledge hierarchies in ocean biodiversity governance research, 14 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D63RjDDwVHk&t=2s). This event was attended by 30 participants. • IUCN CEESP Reimagine Webinar Series: A Global Spotlight on Ocean Defenders, 29 November 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v11nLsazmaw&t=20s). This event was attended by around 101 attendees. Peer-reviewed publications: • Bennet NJ, de la Lama RL, Le Billion P, Ertor I, and Morgera E. (2023). "Ocean defenders and human rights." Frontiers in Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.1089049 • Bennett NJ, Alava JJ, Ferguson CE, Blythe J, Morgera E, Boyd D, Côté IM. (2022). "Environmental (in)justice in the Anthropocene ocean." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105383 • Morgera and Lily, "Public Participation at the International Seabed Authority - an international human rights analysis" (2022) RECIEL https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/reel.12472 • Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice Publication authored by Pereira T & Erwin K (2023) in Ecosystems and People, 19:1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Ocean-defending small-scale fishers in South Africa say NO to seismic surveys Publication authored by Pereira, Taryn in Ocean Defenders Project. Available from https://oceandefendersproject.org/case-study/no-to-seismic-surveys/. • Hub researchers Dr Dylan McGarry and Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University) are working on a paper with Dr Dina Lupin, Director of GNHRE entitled 'Taking our time: consultation and indigenous storytelling in South Africa', which has been accepted for the University of Southampton 'Law and Humanities' roundtable in July 2022. Working Paper • Nathan J. Bennett Juan José Alava, Caroline E. Ferguson, Jessica Blythe, Elisa Morgera, David Boyd & Isabelle M. Côté. (2022). Environmental Justice in the Ocean. Working Paper through the Institution for Oceans and Fisheries at the University of British Columbia https://fisheries.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2022/04/Working-Paper-2022-03-All.pdf Policy brief Shields S and Morgera E. (2023). "Policy brief: what child environmental human rights defenders need to know to defend and protect a healthy ocean." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-what-child-environmental-human-rights-defenders-need-to-know-to-defend-and-protect-a-healthy-ocean/. Blogposts • Pereira T. (2023). "Ocean-defending small-scale fishers in South Africa say NO to seismic surveys." Available from https://oceandefendersproject.org/case-study/no-to-seismic-surveys/. • Webster E, Pereira T and Morgera E. "Reflecting on opportunities and tensions in academic solidarity practices with environmental human rights defenders." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-opportunities-and-tensions-in-academic-solidarity-practices-with-environmental-human-rights-defenders/. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Contributing to the 2025 UN call for action on human rights with a focus on ocean defenders." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/contributing-to-the-un-call-for-action-on-human-rights-with-a-focus-on-ocean-defenders. • Longo A. (2023). "Empty of livelihood space? Changing narratives about the ocean space and ocean defenders in the roll out of blue economy plans." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/empty-or-livelihood-space-changing-narratives-about-the-ocean-space-. • Morgera E. (2023). "Calling attention to children ocean defenders." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/calling-attention-to-children-ocean-defenders/. • Pereira T. (2023). "Spotlighting ocean defenders and the responsibilities of marine conservation organizations." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-ocean-defenders-and-the-responsibilities-of-marine-conservation-organizations/. • Febrica S. (2022). "Hub led panels for the 2022 Summer/ Winter School on Human Rights and the Environment." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-led-panels-for-the-2022-summer-winter-school-on-human-rights-and-the-environment/ • Febrica S. (2022). "Key messages from the UNEP Winter/Summer School on Human Rights "From Oceans to Taps (Part 1): Focus on small-scale fisheries. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/key-messages-from-the-unep-winter-summer-school-on-human-rights-from-oceans-to-taps-part-1-focus-on-small-scale-fishers/. • Febrica S. (2022). "Key messages from the UNEP Winter/Summer School on Human Rights "From Oceans to Taps (Part 1): Children, ocean defenders, and plastics. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/key-messages-from-the-unep-winter-summer-school-on-human-rights-from-oceans-to-taps-part-2-children-ocean-defenders-and-plastics/. • Febrica S, Longo A, Prokic M, Francis B, Pereira T, Oduro GY, Strand M, Jonas M, Upton M, Lancaster AMSN, Nurse BG, Morgera E, Niner H, Mbatha P & Wilson D. (2023). "Part 1: One Ocean Hub participates in five panels for the 2023 Summer/Winter School for Human Rights & the Environment." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/part-1-one-ocean-hub-participates-in-five-panels-for-the-2023-summer-winter-school-for-human-rights-the-environment/. • Febrica S, Longo A, Prokic M, Francis B, Pereira T, Oduro GY, Strand M, Jonas M, Upton M, Lancaster AMSN, Nurse BG, Morgera E, Niner H, Mbatha P & Wilson D. (2023). Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/part-2-one-ocean-hub-participates-in-five-panels-for-the-2023-summer-winter-school-for-human-rights-the-environment/ • Morgera E. (2022) "Developing new partnerships for protecting small-scale fishers' human rights." IUCN Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy News. Available from https://www.iucn.org/story/202206/developing-new-partnerships-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights. • Morgera E and Febrica S. (2022). "Connecting children's human rights and a healthy ocean" IUCN Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy News. Available from https://www.iucn.org/story/202212/connecting-childrens-human-rights-and-healthy-ocean • Morgera E and Febrica S (2022). "Partnerships to strengthen small-scale fishers' human rights." Available from https://www.iucn.org/story/202212/partnerships-strengthen-small-scale-fishers-human-rights.
Start Year 2021
 
Description Expanding alliances on ocean defenders 
Organisation IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature
Department International Union for Conservation of Nature,US
Country United States 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution Environmental human rights defenders have been defined by the United Nations as individuals and communities that raise awareness about the negative impacts on human rights of unsustainable decisions on the environment. Defenders are increasingly the object of (often lethal) attacks by governments or private companies. They thus exemplify a double flaw of national governments: they do not effectively protect or ensure sustainable use of the environment to the detriment of human rights, and they persecute or allow persecution of those that raise awareness about these problems. Current international protection for environmental human rights defenders is focussed on land defenders, so ocean-defenders are overlooked. The One Ocean Hub was invited by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to provide inputs, and recommendations within the UN system to connect efforts in the recognition of ocean defenders as environmental human rights defenders. Hub researchers were thus invited to contribute to the UNEP Global and Regional Consultations (Africa) on understanding and identifying good practices in support of environmental human rights defenders in May 2021. Following these consultations, the Hub was invited to present relevant research and methods at the inaugural Summer/Winter School on Human rights and the environment on 21-25 June 2021 that UNEP co-organizes with the Global Network for Human Rights and the Environment (GNHRE), with a view to raising awareness and building the capacity of human rights activists, researchers, and representatives of governments from around the world on the basis of perspectives and experiences from the Global South. The Hub's collaboration with UNEP and GNHRE from 2021 to 2023 around the Summer/Winter School shed light more generally how human rights and the environment experts and activists are not aware of the human rights challenges faced in relation to the coastal and marine environment. GNHRE and UNEP have supported the Hub's joint programme of work with FAO and the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 and 2023 (see separate entry under Collaborations). As a follow up to the Hub's engagement with the Winter/Summer School on Human Rights and the Environment on the International Day of Action for Rivers, 14 March 2023, Hub researchers and small-scale fishers from South Africa participated in the "Water Defenders Workshop", organised by the Global Network for Human Rights and the Environment (GNHRE) in partnership with the United Nations Environment Programme. Hub early-career researchers Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University) and Aphiwe Moshani (University of Cape Town) from the Coastal Justice Network together with Sinegugu Zukulu (Sustaining the Wild Coast), Melisa Pullen (The Collective), Ntsindiso Nongcavu (Coastal Links Eastern Cape) and Jerry Mngomezulu (Kosi Bay Affected Communities) contributed to the session of the workshop titled "Defending the ocean at the kelp roots: Stories from Small scale fisher ocean defenders in South Africa" (Read more here: https://oneoceanhub.org/empty-or-livelihood-space-changing-narratives-about-the-ocean-space-and-ocean-defenders-in-the-roll-out-of-blue-economy-plans/). To further expands our imaginations of solidarity in support of human rights defenders, in September 2023, three Hub researchers, Elaine Webster and Elisa Morgera (University of Strathclyde, UK), and Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University, South Africa) contributed to the Annual Network Conference of the Association of Human Rights Institutes, that will be hosted by the University of Deusto in Bilbao, Spain, under the theme, "Human Rights Defenders Under Siege." The Hub contributed to the panel focused on 'The Role of Academia in the support to HRDs.' Information on the title and key messages explored in Elaine Webster, Elisa Morgera and Taryn Pereira's papers is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/ocean-defenders-research-at-the-association-of-human-rights-institutes-conference/. The conference offered an opportunity to share and contrast the research and practices under the One Ocean Hub on ocean defenders as environmental human rights defenders with other academic research and practice with human rights defenders more broadly. The three Hub papers presented contributed to the conference track on the role of academia in support of human rights defenders (HRDs), raised the profile of ocean human rights defenders as environmental human rights defenders and explored different facets of navigating academic solidarity practices at different scales (https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-opportunities-and-tensions-in-academic-solidarity-practices-with-environmental-human-rights-defenders/). On 29 November 2023, Hub early career researcher Taryn Pereira, UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment David Boyd and other experts participated in the webinar 'A Global Spotlight on Ocean Defenders' to call attention to the ongoing struggles and efforts of ocean defenders globally and explore potential actions that allied organizations and other institutions might take to support and protect ocean defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v11nLsazmaw&t=20s). The webinar was co-hosted by the Ocean Defenders Project, and the Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy of the IUCN, with which the Hub has been collaborating for a couple of years. This blog post reflects on the key points raised at the webinar, and the ongoing work that the Hub is conducting on these issues (https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-ocean-defenders-and-the-responsibilities-of-marine-conservation-organizations/), Hub early career researcher Taryn Pereira has been a collaborator of the Ocean Defenders Project (https://oceandefendersproject.org/) since 2022, and has contributed a case study about ocean defending small scale fishers in South Africa (https://oceandefendersproject.org/case-study/no-to-seismic-surveys/). The Ocean Defenders Project is a collaborative initiative that aims to increase understanding of, raise the profile of, and bring greater support to ocean defenders worldwide. In November 2023, the UN published its "Guidance note for United Nations resident coordinators & country teams: supporting governments to better respect, promote and protect environmental human rights defenders, November 2023" (https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/issues/climatechange/information-materials/SGC2A-EHRDs-Guidance-Note-Nov-2023-web.pdf). This guidance note was prepared as part of the Secretary-General's Call to Action for Human Rights in order to increase support from the United Nations on the ground to Environmental Human Rights Defenders (EHRDs). It outlines concrete actions which UN Country Teams may take, including under the lead of the Resident Coordinators as appropriate, in order to better protect EHRDs, in their work to support governments on the ground. This includes - but is not limited to: empowering EHRDs to participate in decision-making, contributing to the protection of EHRDs through the work of the UN, promoting a safe and enabling civic space, strengthening access to justice for EHRDs and engaging with businesses to enhance the protection of EHRDs. Prior to the publication of the Guidance, Elisa Morgera was invited to speak about the importance of ocean defenders by UNEP, the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the UN Secretary-General's Executive Office at an online forum for the UN system and civil society organisations on 6th September 2023. The forum provided an opportunity to share experience and discuss how the Secretary-General's Call to Action for Human Rights can be leveraged to support and enhance strategic engagement on human rights and the environment and strengthened protection for environmental human rights defenders (https://oneoceanhub.org/contributing-to-the-un-call-for-action-on-human-rights-with-a-focus-on-ocean-defenders). In December 2023, the Hub's early-career researcher Sophie Shields and Hub Director Elisa Morgera (University of Strathclyde, UK), made a submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on human rights defenders on child and youth human rights defenders, with a view to highlight the role and risks of children environmental human rights defenders at the ocean-climate nexus. Read key messages shared in their written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.org/calling-attention-to-children-ocean-defenders/; https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-what-child-environmental-human-rights-defenders-need-to-know-to-defend-and-protect-a-healthy-ocean/). In 2024, the Hub will expand its cooperation with UNEP and GNHRE to advance recognition and protection of ocean defenders, including small-scale fishers and children ocean defenders (https://oneoceanhub.org/calling-attention-to-children-ocean-defenders/; https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-what-child-environmental-human-rights-defenders-need-to-know-to-defend-and-protect-a-healthy-ocean/; https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en) through its partnership with the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Namibia, Namibia • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; University of Plymouth, UK; Glasgow School of Art, UK • partner organisations based in the Global South: United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Oceans Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • research partners in the Global North: The Pedro Arrupe Human Rights Institute, the University of Deusto, Spain; the University of British Columbia School of Public Policy and Global Affairs, Canada. • Partner organisations based in the Global South: The Association of Human Rights Institutes (AHRI), South Africa • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Global Network for Human Rights and the Environment, UK; UNOHCHR, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, US; UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, Switzerland; UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights Defenders, Switzerland; the Peopled Seas Initiative, Vancouver, Canada; Environmental Defenders Collaborative, US.
Collaborator Contribution UNEP was a project partner of the Hub from the start. GNHRE is a global network of thinkers, researchers, policy-makers, opinion-formers and community activists whose diversity forges new conversations and relationships. This collaboration represents an opportunity for the Hub to build capacities and embed learning into a global community of practice on human rights and the environment. The Hub contributed to three sessions of the inaugural Winter/Summer School, being the only institution (in addition to UNEP) to present on ocean-related human rights matters. Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, presented on the marine environment, marine litter and human rights as part of the theme "Critical Perspectives in Human Rights and the Environment" on 24 June 2021. She explored issues around government and business responsibility and accountability, as well knowledge gaps and the blind spots we face when it comes to impacts of plastic products (and their additives) and plastic pollution on women, informal workers, disadvantaged groups. Hub Co-Director Dr Dylan McGarry and early-career research Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University) delivered a presentation on Empatheatre and the Coastal Justice Network as part of the sessions titled "Participation as Resistance" and "Human Rights Defenders", with Morgera contributing as a discussant. The Hub team particularly highlighted the role of small-scale fishers as environmental defenders. The video-recordings of these sessions will be used by UNEP as capacity-building materials that will be included in a permanent website to be launched in 2022. As a result, GNHRE and UNEP invited the Hub to co-develop the call for proposals for the second edition of the Summer/Winter School in 2022, under the theme "Water: from oceans to taps" (20-24 June 2022), with the Hub making suggestions about more integrated approaches to the water cycle and to the indivisibility of human rights. The GNHRE-UNEP website explicitly acknowledged Hub contribution as follows: 'The insights arising from ongoing research, as well as from Global South-North and rightsholders-researchers collaborations, under the One Ocean Hub have contributed to identify themes and approaches for the call for panels, in order to help address disconnects between areas of expertise and practice on human rights and the environment. With special thanks to Prof Elisa Morgera, Advisor to the School for Human Rights and Environment' (see: https://gnhre.org/community/gnhre-org-schoolofhumanrightsandenvironment/). The Hub then worked with various partners to co-develop seven different panels at the GNHRE and UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022. The Hub and GNHRE are also brought together a group of researchers around the world interested in advancing scholarship and practice on ocean defenders, as the second edition of the Winter/Summer School had a dedicated segment on environmental human rights defenders. The seven Hub-led panels include: (1) The human rights dimensions of ocean crimes and its impact on small-scale fishers, 20 June 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM); (2) Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus, 21 June 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w); (3) Children's rights to a healthy climate, healthy freshwater and a healthy ocean, 21 June 202 (https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-led-panels-for-the-2022-summer-winter-school-on-human-rights-and-the-environment/); (4) Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders, 22 June 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc&t=1664s); (5) Protecting human rights of small-scale artisanal fishing actors and achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals, 23 June 2022 (https://oneoceanhub.org/key-messages-from-the-unep-winter-summer-school-on-human-rights-from-oceans-to-taps-part-1-focus-on-small-scale-fishers/); (6) Ocean plastic and ocean waste, 23 June 2022 (https://oneoceanhub.org/key-messages-from-the-unep-winter-summer-school-on-human-rights-from-oceans-to-taps-part-2-children-ocean-defenders-and-plastics/); and (7) Defending the ocean at the kelp roots: Stories from Small scale fisher ocean defenders in South Africa, 28 June 2022 (https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-led-panels-for-the-2022-summer-winter-school-on-human-rights-and-the-environment/). In addition, Prof Morgera started to co-develop the broader mission of the School for the future with GHNRE with a view to: promoting decolonial approaches to human rights and the environment; combining panel presentations with mini-workshops to engage participants in co-developing key messages (policy recommendations, research gaps and capacity needs); and bringing together communities of practice ("labs" for instance on defenders), who could then apply for research grants/funding to take action together on the basis of key messages from the School, as well as reach out with proposals to existing resources (eg UNEP Judges Training programme). GNHRE co-organised a research symposium with Hub researchers based at Rhodes University including Taryn Pereira, Dylan McGarry, Buhle Francis and Anna James on 8 September 2021. This is reported under 'Engagement' section of Research Fish. The symposium provided a space for Hub researchers to share their work with coastal environmental defenders in South Africa, to connect into GNHRE wider networks of support of environmental and human rights defenders. This symposium further developed and deepened the Hub working partnership with GNHRE which enables important pan-African and international networking opportunities for the Coastal Justice Network. As a result, McGarry and Pereira are working on a paper with Dr Dina Lupin, GNHRE Director, entitled 'Taking our time: consultation and indigenous storytelling in South Africa', which has been accepted for the University of Southampton 'Law and Humanities' roundtable in July 2022. UNEP provided staff time as in-kind contribution in the co-development of joint panel proposals and engagement activities with the Hub, particularly those that support the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, for the Second School of Human Rights and Environment with the Hub in 2022. This collaboration was also connected with the UNEP-Hub partnerships on human rights and ocean plastics discussed in a separate entry under Collaborations. In 2023, for the third year running, the Hub collaborated with GNHRE and UNEP in co-organising a series of five panels for the GNHRE & UNEP Summer/Winter School for Human Rights & the Environment (https://gnhre.org/transformations-and-transitions-the-2023-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/). The School ran from 11-15 September 2023 to examine the themes of "Transformative governance, (just) transition and the many dimensions of 'change' that enhance or threaten human rights and the environment" (https://gnhre.org/?page_id=16650). The School was held in collaboration with the University of Southampton Law School, with ongoing support from the Hub. During the GNHRE and UNEP Summer/Winter School 2023, the Hub hosted the following programme of events on 11-14 September 2023: (1) "Ocean and human health: transitioning and transforming to an era of interdisciplinary competencies" 11 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEssRf9FRdg&t=4s); (2) "The transformative role of children's rights to a healthy ocean," 12 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sMlGo3pQWM). (3) "Transforming ocean conservation and sustainable use: rethinking blue economies in terms of environmental and socio-cultural justice," 13 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtg-afz5tnA). (4) "Gender-transformative approaches to environmental protection: Women, Girls & the Ocean," 14 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMkD4XlJYhY). (5) "Transitioning from the past, through the present to potential futures of knowledge hierarchies in ocean biodiversity governance research," 14 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D63RjDDwVHk&t=2s). The Hub's participation in at the GNHRE and UNEP Summer/Winter School strengthened the Hub's partnership with our existing partners such UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (UNDOALOS) that co-organised the "Gender-transformative approaches to environmental protection panel." It also helped to consolidate the contributions of Hub's early career researchers including Dr Andrea Longo, Dr David Wilson and Sophie Shields (University of Strathclyde, UK); Dr Alana Lancaster (University of the West Indies, Barbados); Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa); Dr Holly Niner (University of Plymouth, UK); Taryn Pereira and Dr Buhle Francis (Rhodes University, South Africa); Martha Jonas (University of Namibia, Namibia); and Marly Muudeni Samuel (Glasgow School of Art, UK) to Small-Scale Fisheries Summit in 5-7 July 2024 and UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (see separate entries under Collaborations). In addition to collaboration with UNEP and GNHRE, the Hub established a partnership with the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), to raise awareness about "blue justice" issues and ocean defenders, and identify good practices to protect small-scale fishers as EHRDs. Collaboration with IUCN started at the beginning of 2022 as the Hub and IUCN co-organised an event for the 2022 Summer/Winter School for Human and Environmental Rights organized by UNEP and GNHRE titled "The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small-scale fishers" on 20th June 2022. The event brought together the Chair of the IUCN People and the Ocean Specialist Group, Dr Nathan Bennett and Hub researchers including Dr Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana) and early career researchers Dr Alexander Winkler (Rhodes University, South Africa), Dr Alana Lancaster (University of the West Indies, Barbados) and Dr Hashali Hamukuaya (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa). The panel explored the human rights, equity and justice dimensions of ocean crimes and its impacts on small scale fishers. It started with an examination of the ideas of blue growth and its possible consequences for coastal communities, the social justice implications of rapid and unchecked ocean development, its impacts on livelihoods of small-scale fishers and the human rights consequences of these developments in particular as it relates to ocean defenders; who defend and protect the marine and coastal environment and the human rights of coastal populations against existential threats including oceans crimes. The panel then proceeded with an examination of the effects of recreational fisheries crime in South Africa on the integrity of small-scale fisher development and the impacts of oceans crimes on Ghana and the countries in the Caribbean. See the event recording here: http://bit.ly/3jBNz07. On 14 and 16 September 2022, the IUCN People and the Ocean Specialist Group invited the Hub to participate in a project launch and initial virtual working group meeting for "The Ocean Defenders Project". The project aims to co-produce knowledge related to where, why, and how ocean defenders are opposing existential threats to the marine environment and their rights, and to better understand the actions that can be taken to protect and support ocean defenders. Hub's early career researcher, Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University) contributed to the conceptualization of the project and is leading the development of a case study on the Coastal Justice Network to highlight small-scale fishers' resistance to oil and gas exploration in South Africa. Hub Director, Prof Elisa Morgera (University of Strathclyde), is involved in the synthesis of all case studies. In addition to the One Ocean Hub, partner organisations of "The Ocean Defenders Project" include the Peopled Seas Initiative, the University of British Columbia School of Public Policy and Global Affairs, Environmental Defenders Collaborative and the IUCN CEESP. As part of this partnership, the IUCN also invited the Hub to write blogposts on ocean defenders as part of the IUCN Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy (CEESP) News in June and November 2022. The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, and early career researchers, Dr Senia Febrica and Dr Buhle Francis' contributions to the CEESP News highlighted the role of small-scale fishers women and girls, children and young people in the protection of biodiversity and a healthy ocean. They noted the need to ensure full and effective representation and participation of small-scale-fishers, children and youth in decision making on global biodiversity. As part of "the Ocean Defenders Project", IUCN and the Hub also co-produced two peer-reviewed articles on 'ocean defenders', one of which is co-authored with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, Dr David Boyd. These papers are listed below. The Hub together with IUCN and UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) have been raising the issue of ocean defenders also in its events and publications on deep-seabed mining, with particular attention to children and youth defenders throughout 2023. We will continue this collaboration to influence international negotiations on deep-seabed mining in 2024 (reported under a separate entry "Influencing international negotiations on deep-seabed mining"). In 2023, the Hub's participation in the 2023 annual conference of the Association of Human Rights Institutes under the theme, 'Human Rights Defenders Under Siege' (7-9 September 2023, Bilbao, Spain, https://live.eventtia.com/en/ahriconference2023/AHRI-Conference-2023/) has fostered new partnerships between the Hub and the co-organisers of the conference to increase visibility of ocean as well as land-based environmental defenders. The co-organisers include the Association of Human Rights Institutes - AHRI, consists of 75 member institutions that carry out research and education in the field of human rights across every continent - and The Pedro Arrupe Human Rights Institute, the University of Deusto, Spain. This conference enabled Hub researchers to learn with great interest that the Special Rapporteur on Environmental Defenders under the Aarhus Convention on procedural environmental rights has a mandate to investigate threats to EHRDs by private companies based in State parties but operating abroad, and could approach directly the CEO of European companies operating abroad in this connection (https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-opportunities-and-tensions-in-academic-solidarity-practices-with-environmental-human-rights-defenders/). This collaboration achieved societal impacts through the creation of new network comprising a group of researchers, lawyers, and activists from around the world interested in advancing scholarship and practice on environmental human rights. We estimated that the total of 17 panels that the Hub has co-organised with partners as part of the UNEP and GNHRE Summer/Winter School from 2021 to 2023 have trained 817 attendees across different areas related to ocean and human rights. The collaboration has also mainstreamed gender equality. Female speakers accounted for 50-70 per cent of speakers in each panel the Hub has co-organised for the UNEP and GNHRE Summer/Winter School from 2021 to 2023. Gender dimension was also addressed in the delivery of each panel. For example, "Marine environment, marine litter, and human rights" panel in 2021 explored impacts of marine litter towards small-scale fishers women in Ghana. Similarly, "Children's rights to a healthy climate, healthy freshwater and a healthy ocean" panel in 2022 touched upon the impacts of climate change on women and girls' human rights to food, health, and education. In 2023, in collaboration with UNEP, GNHRE, and UNDOALOS the Hub co-developed the first panel focusing on gender and ocean titled "Gender-transformative approaches to environmental protection: Women, Girls & the Ocean."
Impact Webinars The Hub contribution at "Critical Perspectives in Human Rights and the Environment", "Participation as Resistance", and Marine environment, marine litter, and human rights' panels for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021. Each panel was attended by around 50 attendees. Three panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 as outlined in the previous section. Video links for the three panels could be found below. • Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. • Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. • Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. Seven panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022 as outlined in the previous section and the relevant links could be found below.. • The human rights dimensions of ocean crimes and its impact on small-scale fishers, 20 June 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus, 21 June 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • Children's rights to a healthy climate, healthy freshwater and a healthy ocean, 21 June 202 (https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-led-panels-for-the-2022-summer-winter-school-on-human-rights-and-the-environment/). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders, 22 June 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc&t=1664s). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • Protecting human rights of small-scale artisanal fishing actors and achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals, 23 June 2022 (https://oneoceanhub.org/key-messages-from-the-unep-winter-summer-school-on-human-rights-from-oceans-to-taps-part-1-focus-on-small-scale-fishers/). This event was attended by around 70 attendees. • Ocean plastic and ocean waste, 23 June 2022 (https://oneoceanhub.org/key-messages-from-the-unep-winter-summer-school-on-human-rights-from-oceans-to-taps-part-2-children-ocean-defenders-and-plastics/). This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Defending the ocean at the kelp roots: Stories from Small scale fisher ocean defenders in South Africa, 28 June 2022 (https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-led-panels-for-the-2022-summer-winter-school-on-human-rights-and-the-environment/). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. Five panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2023 as outlined in the previous section and the recording links could be found below. • Ocean and human health: transitioning and transforming to an era of interdisciplinary competencies, 11 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEssRf9FRdg&t=4s). This event was attended by 40 attendees. • The transformative role of children's rights to a healthy ocean, 12 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sMlGo3pQWM). This event was attended by 35 attendees. • Transforming ocean conservation and sustainable use: rethinking blue economies in terms of environmental and socio-cultural justice, 13 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtg-afz5tnA). This event was attended by 38 participants. • Gender-transformative approaches to environmental protection: Women, Girls & the Ocean, 14 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMkD4XlJYhY). This event was attended by 38 participants. • Transitioning from the past, through the present to potential futures of knowledge hierarchies in ocean biodiversity governance research, 14 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D63RjDDwVHk&t=2s). This event was attended by 30 participants. • IUCN CEESP Reimagine Webinar Series: A Global Spotlight on Ocean Defenders, 29 November 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v11nLsazmaw&t=20s). This event was attended by around 101 attendees. Peer-reviewed publications: • Bennet NJ, de la Lama RL, Le Billion P, Ertor I, and Morgera E. (2023). "Ocean defenders and human rights." Frontiers in Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.1089049 • Bennett NJ, Alava JJ, Ferguson CE, Blythe J, Morgera E, Boyd D, Côté IM. (2022). "Environmental (in)justice in the Anthropocene ocean." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105383 • Morgera and Lily, "Public Participation at the International Seabed Authority - an international human rights analysis" (2022) RECIEL https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/reel.12472 • Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice Publication authored by Pereira T & Erwin K (2023) in Ecosystems and People, 19:1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Ocean-defending small-scale fishers in South Africa say NO to seismic surveys Publication authored by Pereira, Taryn in Ocean Defenders Project. Available from https://oceandefendersproject.org/case-study/no-to-seismic-surveys/. • Hub researchers Dr Dylan McGarry and Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University) are working on a paper with Dr Dina Lupin, Director of GNHRE entitled 'Taking our time: consultation and indigenous storytelling in South Africa', which has been accepted for the University of Southampton 'Law and Humanities' roundtable in July 2022. Working Paper • Nathan J. Bennett Juan José Alava, Caroline E. Ferguson, Jessica Blythe, Elisa Morgera, David Boyd & Isabelle M. Côté. (2022). Environmental Justice in the Ocean. Working Paper through the Institution for Oceans and Fisheries at the University of British Columbia https://fisheries.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2022/04/Working-Paper-2022-03-All.pdf Policy brief Shields S and Morgera E. (2023). "Policy brief: what child environmental human rights defenders need to know to defend and protect a healthy ocean." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-what-child-environmental-human-rights-defenders-need-to-know-to-defend-and-protect-a-healthy-ocean/. Blogposts • Pereira T. (2023). "Ocean-defending small-scale fishers in South Africa say NO to seismic surveys." Available from https://oceandefendersproject.org/case-study/no-to-seismic-surveys/. • Webster E, Pereira T and Morgera E. "Reflecting on opportunities and tensions in academic solidarity practices with environmental human rights defenders." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-opportunities-and-tensions-in-academic-solidarity-practices-with-environmental-human-rights-defenders/. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Contributing to the 2025 UN call for action on human rights with a focus on ocean defenders." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/contributing-to-the-un-call-for-action-on-human-rights-with-a-focus-on-ocean-defenders. • Longo A. (2023). "Empty of livelihood space? Changing narratives about the ocean space and ocean defenders in the roll out of blue economy plans." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/empty-or-livelihood-space-changing-narratives-about-the-ocean-space-. • Morgera E. (2023). "Calling attention to children ocean defenders." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/calling-attention-to-children-ocean-defenders/. • Pereira T. (2023). "Spotlighting ocean defenders and the responsibilities of marine conservation organizations." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-ocean-defenders-and-the-responsibilities-of-marine-conservation-organizations/. • Febrica S. (2022). "Hub led panels for the 2022 Summer/ Winter School on Human Rights and the Environment." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-led-panels-for-the-2022-summer-winter-school-on-human-rights-and-the-environment/ • Febrica S. (2022). "Key messages from the UNEP Winter/Summer School on Human Rights "From Oceans to Taps (Part 1): Focus on small-scale fisheries. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/key-messages-from-the-unep-winter-summer-school-on-human-rights-from-oceans-to-taps-part-1-focus-on-small-scale-fishers/. • Febrica S. (2022). "Key messages from the UNEP Winter/Summer School on Human Rights "From Oceans to Taps (Part 1): Children, ocean defenders, and plastics. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/key-messages-from-the-unep-winter-summer-school-on-human-rights-from-oceans-to-taps-part-2-children-ocean-defenders-and-plastics/. • Febrica S, Longo A, Prokic M, Francis B, Pereira T, Oduro GY, Strand M, Jonas M, Upton M, Lancaster AMSN, Nurse BG, Morgera E, Niner H, Mbatha P & Wilson D. (2023). "Part 1: One Ocean Hub participates in five panels for the 2023 Summer/Winter School for Human Rights & the Environment." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/part-1-one-ocean-hub-participates-in-five-panels-for-the-2023-summer-winter-school-for-human-rights-the-environment/. • Febrica S, Longo A, Prokic M, Francis B, Pereira T, Oduro GY, Strand M, Jonas M, Upton M, Lancaster AMSN, Nurse BG, Morgera E, Niner H, Mbatha P & Wilson D. (2023). Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/part-2-one-ocean-hub-participates-in-five-panels-for-the-2023-summer-winter-school-for-human-rights-the-environment/ • Morgera E. (2022) "Developing new partnerships for protecting small-scale fishers' human rights." IUCN Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy News. Available from https://www.iucn.org/story/202206/developing-new-partnerships-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights. • Morgera E and Febrica S. (2022). "Connecting children's human rights and a healthy ocean" IUCN Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy News. Available from https://www.iucn.org/story/202212/connecting-childrens-human-rights-and-healthy-ocean • Morgera E and Febrica S (2022). "Partnerships to strengthen small-scale fishers' human rights." Available from https://www.iucn.org/story/202212/partnerships-strengthen-small-scale-fishers-human-rights.
Start Year 2021
 
Description Expanding alliances on ocean defenders 
Organisation Nelson Mandela University
Country South Africa 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Environmental human rights defenders have been defined by the United Nations as individuals and communities that raise awareness about the negative impacts on human rights of unsustainable decisions on the environment. Defenders are increasingly the object of (often lethal) attacks by governments or private companies. They thus exemplify a double flaw of national governments: they do not effectively protect or ensure sustainable use of the environment to the detriment of human rights, and they persecute or allow persecution of those that raise awareness about these problems. Current international protection for environmental human rights defenders is focussed on land defenders, so ocean-defenders are overlooked. The One Ocean Hub was invited by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to provide inputs, and recommendations within the UN system to connect efforts in the recognition of ocean defenders as environmental human rights defenders. Hub researchers were thus invited to contribute to the UNEP Global and Regional Consultations (Africa) on understanding and identifying good practices in support of environmental human rights defenders in May 2021. Following these consultations, the Hub was invited to present relevant research and methods at the inaugural Summer/Winter School on Human rights and the environment on 21-25 June 2021 that UNEP co-organizes with the Global Network for Human Rights and the Environment (GNHRE), with a view to raising awareness and building the capacity of human rights activists, researchers, and representatives of governments from around the world on the basis of perspectives and experiences from the Global South. The Hub's collaboration with UNEP and GNHRE from 2021 to 2023 around the Summer/Winter School shed light more generally how human rights and the environment experts and activists are not aware of the human rights challenges faced in relation to the coastal and marine environment. GNHRE and UNEP have supported the Hub's joint programme of work with FAO and the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 and 2023 (see separate entry under Collaborations). As a follow up to the Hub's engagement with the Winter/Summer School on Human Rights and the Environment on the International Day of Action for Rivers, 14 March 2023, Hub researchers and small-scale fishers from South Africa participated in the "Water Defenders Workshop", organised by the Global Network for Human Rights and the Environment (GNHRE) in partnership with the United Nations Environment Programme. Hub early-career researchers Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University) and Aphiwe Moshani (University of Cape Town) from the Coastal Justice Network together with Sinegugu Zukulu (Sustaining the Wild Coast), Melisa Pullen (The Collective), Ntsindiso Nongcavu (Coastal Links Eastern Cape) and Jerry Mngomezulu (Kosi Bay Affected Communities) contributed to the session of the workshop titled "Defending the ocean at the kelp roots: Stories from Small scale fisher ocean defenders in South Africa" (Read more here: https://oneoceanhub.org/empty-or-livelihood-space-changing-narratives-about-the-ocean-space-and-ocean-defenders-in-the-roll-out-of-blue-economy-plans/). To further expands our imaginations of solidarity in support of human rights defenders, in September 2023, three Hub researchers, Elaine Webster and Elisa Morgera (University of Strathclyde, UK), and Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University, South Africa) contributed to the Annual Network Conference of the Association of Human Rights Institutes, that will be hosted by the University of Deusto in Bilbao, Spain, under the theme, "Human Rights Defenders Under Siege." The Hub contributed to the panel focused on 'The Role of Academia in the support to HRDs.' Information on the title and key messages explored in Elaine Webster, Elisa Morgera and Taryn Pereira's papers is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/ocean-defenders-research-at-the-association-of-human-rights-institutes-conference/. The conference offered an opportunity to share and contrast the research and practices under the One Ocean Hub on ocean defenders as environmental human rights defenders with other academic research and practice with human rights defenders more broadly. The three Hub papers presented contributed to the conference track on the role of academia in support of human rights defenders (HRDs), raised the profile of ocean human rights defenders as environmental human rights defenders and explored different facets of navigating academic solidarity practices at different scales (https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-opportunities-and-tensions-in-academic-solidarity-practices-with-environmental-human-rights-defenders/). On 29 November 2023, Hub early career researcher Taryn Pereira, UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment David Boyd and other experts participated in the webinar 'A Global Spotlight on Ocean Defenders' to call attention to the ongoing struggles and efforts of ocean defenders globally and explore potential actions that allied organizations and other institutions might take to support and protect ocean defenders (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v11nLsazmaw&t=20s). The webinar was co-hosted by the Ocean Defenders Project, and the Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy of the IUCN, with which the Hub has been collaborating for a couple of years. This blog post reflects on the key points raised at the webinar, and the ongoing work that the Hub is conducting on these issues (https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-ocean-defenders-and-the-responsibilities-of-marine-conservation-organizations/), Hub early career researcher Taryn Pereira has been a collaborator of the Ocean Defenders Project (https://oceandefendersproject.org/) since 2022, and has contributed a case study about ocean defending small scale fishers in South Africa (https://oceandefendersproject.org/case-study/no-to-seismic-surveys/). The Ocean Defenders Project is a collaborative initiative that aims to increase understanding of, raise the profile of, and bring greater support to ocean defenders worldwide. In November 2023, the UN published its "Guidance note for United Nations resident coordinators & country teams: supporting governments to better respect, promote and protect environmental human rights defenders, November 2023" (https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/issues/climatechange/information-materials/SGC2A-EHRDs-Guidance-Note-Nov-2023-web.pdf). This guidance note was prepared as part of the Secretary-General's Call to Action for Human Rights in order to increase support from the United Nations on the ground to Environmental Human Rights Defenders (EHRDs). It outlines concrete actions which UN Country Teams may take, including under the lead of the Resident Coordinators as appropriate, in order to better protect EHRDs, in their work to support governments on the ground. This includes - but is not limited to: empowering EHRDs to participate in decision-making, contributing to the protection of EHRDs through the work of the UN, promoting a safe and enabling civic space, strengthening access to justice for EHRDs and engaging with businesses to enhance the protection of EHRDs. Prior to the publication of the Guidance, Elisa Morgera was invited to speak about the importance of ocean defenders by UNEP, the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the UN Secretary-General's Executive Office at an online forum for the UN system and civil society organisations on 6th September 2023. The forum provided an opportunity to share experience and discuss how the Secretary-General's Call to Action for Human Rights can be leveraged to support and enhance strategic engagement on human rights and the environment and strengthened protection for environmental human rights defenders (https://oneoceanhub.org/contributing-to-the-un-call-for-action-on-human-rights-with-a-focus-on-ocean-defenders). In December 2023, the Hub's early-career researcher Sophie Shields and Hub Director Elisa Morgera (University of Strathclyde, UK), made a submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on human rights defenders on child and youth human rights defenders, with a view to highlight the role and risks of children environmental human rights defenders at the ocean-climate nexus. Read key messages shared in their written submission here: https://oneoceanhub.org/calling-attention-to-children-ocean-defenders/; https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-what-child-environmental-human-rights-defenders-need-to-know-to-defend-and-protect-a-healthy-ocean/). In 2024, the Hub will expand its cooperation with UNEP and GNHRE to advance recognition and protection of ocean defenders, including small-scale fishers and children ocean defenders (https://oneoceanhub.org/calling-attention-to-children-ocean-defenders/; https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-what-child-environmental-human-rights-defenders-need-to-know-to-defend-and-protect-a-healthy-ocean/; https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3251en) through its partnership with the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. This collaboration built upon the Hub's existing and new partnerships. Organisations that are part of the Hub's original application include: • research partners in the Global South: Rhodes University, South Africa; University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados; Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; University of Namibia, Namibia • research partners in the Global North: University of Strathclyde, UK; University of Plymouth, UK; Glasgow School of Art, UK • partner organisations based in the Global South: United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya • partner organisations based in the Global North: UN Division for Oceans Affairs and the Law of the Sea, US; The new partnerships resulted from this collaboration include: • research partners in the Global North: The Pedro Arrupe Human Rights Institute, the University of Deusto, Spain; the University of British Columbia School of Public Policy and Global Affairs, Canada. • Partner organisations based in the Global South: The Association of Human Rights Institutes (AHRI), South Africa • Partner organisations based in the Global North: Global Network for Human Rights and the Environment, UK; UNOHCHR, Switzerland; IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, US; UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, Switzerland; UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights Defenders, Switzerland; the Peopled Seas Initiative, Vancouver, Canada; Environmental Defenders Collaborative, US.
Collaborator Contribution UNEP was a project partner of the Hub from the start. GNHRE is a global network of thinkers, researchers, policy-makers, opinion-formers and community activists whose diversity forges new conversations and relationships. This collaboration represents an opportunity for the Hub to build capacities and embed learning into a global community of practice on human rights and the environment. The Hub contributed to three sessions of the inaugural Winter/Summer School, being the only institution (in addition to UNEP) to present on ocean-related human rights matters. Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, presented on the marine environment, marine litter and human rights as part of the theme "Critical Perspectives in Human Rights and the Environment" on 24 June 2021. She explored issues around government and business responsibility and accountability, as well knowledge gaps and the blind spots we face when it comes to impacts of plastic products (and their additives) and plastic pollution on women, informal workers, disadvantaged groups. Hub Co-Director Dr Dylan McGarry and early-career research Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University) delivered a presentation on Empatheatre and the Coastal Justice Network as part of the sessions titled "Participation as Resistance" and "Human Rights Defenders", with Morgera contributing as a discussant. The Hub team particularly highlighted the role of small-scale fishers as environmental defenders. The video-recordings of these sessions will be used by UNEP as capacity-building materials that will be included in a permanent website to be launched in 2022. As a result, GNHRE and UNEP invited the Hub to co-develop the call for proposals for the second edition of the Summer/Winter School in 2022, under the theme "Water: from oceans to taps" (20-24 June 2022), with the Hub making suggestions about more integrated approaches to the water cycle and to the indivisibility of human rights. The GNHRE-UNEP website explicitly acknowledged Hub contribution as follows: 'The insights arising from ongoing research, as well as from Global South-North and rightsholders-researchers collaborations, under the One Ocean Hub have contributed to identify themes and approaches for the call for panels, in order to help address disconnects between areas of expertise and practice on human rights and the environment. With special thanks to Prof Elisa Morgera, Advisor to the School for Human Rights and Environment' (see: https://gnhre.org/community/gnhre-org-schoolofhumanrightsandenvironment/). The Hub then worked with various partners to co-develop seven different panels at the GNHRE and UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022. The Hub and GNHRE are also brought together a group of researchers around the world interested in advancing scholarship and practice on ocean defenders, as the second edition of the Winter/Summer School had a dedicated segment on environmental human rights defenders. The seven Hub-led panels include: (1) The human rights dimensions of ocean crimes and its impact on small-scale fishers, 20 June 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM); (2) Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus, 21 June 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w); (3) Children's rights to a healthy climate, healthy freshwater and a healthy ocean, 21 June 202 (https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-led-panels-for-the-2022-summer-winter-school-on-human-rights-and-the-environment/); (4) Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders, 22 June 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc&t=1664s); (5) Protecting human rights of small-scale artisanal fishing actors and achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals, 23 June 2022 (https://oneoceanhub.org/key-messages-from-the-unep-winter-summer-school-on-human-rights-from-oceans-to-taps-part-1-focus-on-small-scale-fishers/); (6) Ocean plastic and ocean waste, 23 June 2022 (https://oneoceanhub.org/key-messages-from-the-unep-winter-summer-school-on-human-rights-from-oceans-to-taps-part-2-children-ocean-defenders-and-plastics/); and (7) Defending the ocean at the kelp roots: Stories from Small scale fisher ocean defenders in South Africa, 28 June 2022 (https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-led-panels-for-the-2022-summer-winter-school-on-human-rights-and-the-environment/). In addition, Prof Morgera started to co-develop the broader mission of the School for the future with GHNRE with a view to: promoting decolonial approaches to human rights and the environment; combining panel presentations with mini-workshops to engage participants in co-developing key messages (policy recommendations, research gaps and capacity needs); and bringing together communities of practice ("labs" for instance on defenders), who could then apply for research grants/funding to take action together on the basis of key messages from the School, as well as reach out with proposals to existing resources (eg UNEP Judges Training programme). GNHRE co-organised a research symposium with Hub researchers based at Rhodes University including Taryn Pereira, Dylan McGarry, Buhle Francis and Anna James on 8 September 2021. This is reported under 'Engagement' section of Research Fish. The symposium provided a space for Hub researchers to share their work with coastal environmental defenders in South Africa, to connect into GNHRE wider networks of support of environmental and human rights defenders. This symposium further developed and deepened the Hub working partnership with GNHRE which enables important pan-African and international networking opportunities for the Coastal Justice Network. As a result, McGarry and Pereira are working on a paper with Dr Dina Lupin, GNHRE Director, entitled 'Taking our time: consultation and indigenous storytelling in South Africa', which has been accepted for the University of Southampton 'Law and Humanities' roundtable in July 2022. UNEP provided staff time as in-kind contribution in the co-development of joint panel proposals and engagement activities with the Hub, particularly those that support the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, for the Second School of Human Rights and Environment with the Hub in 2022. This collaboration was also connected with the UNEP-Hub partnerships on human rights and ocean plastics discussed in a separate entry under Collaborations. In 2023, for the third year running, the Hub collaborated with GNHRE and UNEP in co-organising a series of five panels for the GNHRE & UNEP Summer/Winter School for Human Rights & the Environment (https://gnhre.org/transformations-and-transitions-the-2023-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/). The School ran from 11-15 September 2023 to examine the themes of "Transformative governance, (just) transition and the many dimensions of 'change' that enhance or threaten human rights and the environment" (https://gnhre.org/?page_id=16650). The School was held in collaboration with the University of Southampton Law School, with ongoing support from the Hub. During the GNHRE and UNEP Summer/Winter School 2023, the Hub hosted the following programme of events on 11-14 September 2023: (1) "Ocean and human health: transitioning and transforming to an era of interdisciplinary competencies" 11 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEssRf9FRdg&t=4s); (2) "The transformative role of children's rights to a healthy ocean," 12 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sMlGo3pQWM). (3) "Transforming ocean conservation and sustainable use: rethinking blue economies in terms of environmental and socio-cultural justice," 13 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtg-afz5tnA). (4) "Gender-transformative approaches to environmental protection: Women, Girls & the Ocean," 14 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMkD4XlJYhY). (5) "Transitioning from the past, through the present to potential futures of knowledge hierarchies in ocean biodiversity governance research," 14 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D63RjDDwVHk&t=2s). The Hub's participation in at the GNHRE and UNEP Summer/Winter School strengthened the Hub's partnership with our existing partners such UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (UNDOALOS) that co-organised the "Gender-transformative approaches to environmental protection panel." It also helped to consolidate the contributions of Hub's early career researchers including Dr Andrea Longo, Dr David Wilson and Sophie Shields (University of Strathclyde, UK); Dr Alana Lancaster (University of the West Indies, Barbados); Mia Strand (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa); Dr Holly Niner (University of Plymouth, UK); Taryn Pereira and Dr Buhle Francis (Rhodes University, South Africa); Martha Jonas (University of Namibia, Namibia); and Marly Muudeni Samuel (Glasgow School of Art, UK) to Small-Scale Fisheries Summit in 5-7 July 2024 and UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (see separate entries under Collaborations). In addition to collaboration with UNEP and GNHRE, the Hub established a partnership with the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), to raise awareness about "blue justice" issues and ocean defenders, and identify good practices to protect small-scale fishers as EHRDs. Collaboration with IUCN started at the beginning of 2022 as the Hub and IUCN co-organised an event for the 2022 Summer/Winter School for Human and Environmental Rights organized by UNEP and GNHRE titled "The human rights dimensions of oceans crimes and its impact on small-scale fishers" on 20th June 2022. The event brought together the Chair of the IUCN People and the Ocean Specialist Group, Dr Nathan Bennett and Hub researchers including Dr Bolanle Erinosho (University of Cape Coast, Ghana) and early career researchers Dr Alexander Winkler (Rhodes University, South Africa), Dr Alana Lancaster (University of the West Indies, Barbados) and Dr Hashali Hamukuaya (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa). The panel explored the human rights, equity and justice dimensions of ocean crimes and its impacts on small scale fishers. It started with an examination of the ideas of blue growth and its possible consequences for coastal communities, the social justice implications of rapid and unchecked ocean development, its impacts on livelihoods of small-scale fishers and the human rights consequences of these developments in particular as it relates to ocean defenders; who defend and protect the marine and coastal environment and the human rights of coastal populations against existential threats including oceans crimes. The panel then proceeded with an examination of the effects of recreational fisheries crime in South Africa on the integrity of small-scale fisher development and the impacts of oceans crimes on Ghana and the countries in the Caribbean. See the event recording here: http://bit.ly/3jBNz07. On 14 and 16 September 2022, the IUCN People and the Ocean Specialist Group invited the Hub to participate in a project launch and initial virtual working group meeting for "The Ocean Defenders Project". The project aims to co-produce knowledge related to where, why, and how ocean defenders are opposing existential threats to the marine environment and their rights, and to better understand the actions that can be taken to protect and support ocean defenders. Hub's early career researcher, Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University) contributed to the conceptualization of the project and is leading the development of a case study on the Coastal Justice Network to highlight small-scale fishers' resistance to oil and gas exploration in South Africa. Hub Director, Prof Elisa Morgera (University of Strathclyde), is involved in the synthesis of all case studies. In addition to the One Ocean Hub, partner organisations of "The Ocean Defenders Project" include the Peopled Seas Initiative, the University of British Columbia School of Public Policy and Global Affairs, Environmental Defenders Collaborative and the IUCN CEESP. As part of this partnership, the IUCN also invited the Hub to write blogposts on ocean defenders as part of the IUCN Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy (CEESP) News in June and November 2022. The Hub Director, Professor Elisa Morgera, and early career researchers, Dr Senia Febrica and Dr Buhle Francis' contributions to the CEESP News highlighted the role of small-scale fishers women and girls, children and young people in the protection of biodiversity and a healthy ocean. They noted the need to ensure full and effective representation and participation of small-scale-fishers, children and youth in decision making on global biodiversity. As part of "the Ocean Defenders Project", IUCN and the Hub also co-produced two peer-reviewed articles on 'ocean defenders', one of which is co-authored with the UN Special Rapporteur on the Environment and Human Rights, Dr David Boyd. These papers are listed below. The Hub together with IUCN and UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) have been raising the issue of ocean defenders also in its events and publications on deep-seabed mining, with particular attention to children and youth defenders throughout 2023. We will continue this collaboration to influence international negotiations on deep-seabed mining in 2024 (reported under a separate entry "Influencing international negotiations on deep-seabed mining"). In 2023, the Hub's participation in the 2023 annual conference of the Association of Human Rights Institutes under the theme, 'Human Rights Defenders Under Siege' (7-9 September 2023, Bilbao, Spain, https://live.eventtia.com/en/ahriconference2023/AHRI-Conference-2023/) has fostered new partnerships between the Hub and the co-organisers of the conference to increase visibility of ocean as well as land-based environmental defenders. The co-organisers include the Association of Human Rights Institutes - AHRI, consists of 75 member institutions that carry out research and education in the field of human rights across every continent - and The Pedro Arrupe Human Rights Institute, the University of Deusto, Spain. This conference enabled Hub researchers to learn with great interest that the Special Rapporteur on Environmental Defenders under the Aarhus Convention on procedural environmental rights has a mandate to investigate threats to EHRDs by private companies based in State parties but operating abroad, and could approach directly the CEO of European companies operating abroad in this connection (https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-opportunities-and-tensions-in-academic-solidarity-practices-with-environmental-human-rights-defenders/). This collaboration achieved societal impacts through the creation of new network comprising a group of researchers, lawyers, and activists from around the world interested in advancing scholarship and practice on environmental human rights. We estimated that the total of 17 panels that the Hub has co-organised with partners as part of the UNEP and GNHRE Summer/Winter School from 2021 to 2023 have trained 817 attendees across different areas related to ocean and human rights. The collaboration has also mainstreamed gender equality. Female speakers accounted for 50-70 per cent of speakers in each panel the Hub has co-organised for the UNEP and GNHRE Summer/Winter School from 2021 to 2023. Gender dimension was also addressed in the delivery of each panel. For example, "Marine environment, marine litter, and human rights" panel in 2021 explored impacts of marine litter towards small-scale fishers women in Ghana. Similarly, "Children's rights to a healthy climate, healthy freshwater and a healthy ocean" panel in 2022 touched upon the impacts of climate change on women and girls' human rights to food, health, and education. In 2023, in collaboration with UNEP, GNHRE, and UNDOALOS the Hub co-developed the first panel focusing on gender and ocean titled "Gender-transformative approaches to environmental protection: Women, Girls & the Ocean."
Impact Webinars The Hub contribution at "Critical Perspectives in Human Rights and the Environment", "Participation as Resistance", and Marine environment, marine litter, and human rights' panels for the Inaugural GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021. Each panel was attended by around 50 attendees. Three panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2021 as outlined in the previous section. Video links for the three panels could be found below. • Environmental human rights defenders at the time of the pandemic: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-environmental-defenders-in-times-of-pandemic/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. • Participation as resistance: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-participation-as-resistance/. The event was attended by around 50 attendees. • Marine environment, marine litter and human rights: https://gnhre.org/critical-perspectives-on-human-rights-and-the-environment-the-2021-gnhre-unep-summer-winter-school/2021-summer-winter-school-the-marine-environment-marine-litter-and-human-rights/. This event was attended by around 50 attendees. Seven panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2022 as outlined in the previous section and the relevant links could be found below.. • The human rights dimensions of ocean crimes and its impact on small-scale fishers, 20 June 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sok7blfwM). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • Critical Human Rights Issues at the Ocean-Climate Nexus, 21 June 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAs48HzzQ8w). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • Children's rights to a healthy climate, healthy freshwater and a healthy ocean, 21 June 202 (https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-led-panels-for-the-2022-summer-winter-school-on-human-rights-and-the-environment/). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • Oceans, Art and Environmental Defenders, 22 June 2022 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g42I6P1kIDc&t=1664s). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. • Protecting human rights of small-scale artisanal fishing actors and achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals, 23 June 2022 (https://oneoceanhub.org/key-messages-from-the-unep-winter-summer-school-on-human-rights-from-oceans-to-taps-part-1-focus-on-small-scale-fishers/). This event was attended by around 70 attendees. • Ocean plastic and ocean waste, 23 June 2022 (https://oneoceanhub.org/key-messages-from-the-unep-winter-summer-school-on-human-rights-from-oceans-to-taps-part-2-children-ocean-defenders-and-plastics/). This event was attended by 50 attendees. • Defending the ocean at the kelp roots: Stories from Small scale fisher ocean defenders in South Africa, 28 June 2022 (https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-led-panels-for-the-2022-summer-winter-school-on-human-rights-and-the-environment/). This event was attended by around 50 attendees. Five panels for the GNHRE-UNEP Summer/Winter School 2023 as outlined in the previous section and the recording links could be found below. • Ocean and human health: transitioning and transforming to an era of interdisciplinary competencies, 11 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEssRf9FRdg&t=4s). This event was attended by 40 attendees. • The transformative role of children's rights to a healthy ocean, 12 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sMlGo3pQWM). This event was attended by 35 attendees. • Transforming ocean conservation and sustainable use: rethinking blue economies in terms of environmental and socio-cultural justice, 13 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtg-afz5tnA). This event was attended by 38 participants. • Gender-transformative approaches to environmental protection: Women, Girls & the Ocean, 14 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMkD4XlJYhY). This event was attended by 38 participants. • Transitioning from the past, through the present to potential futures of knowledge hierarchies in ocean biodiversity governance research, 14 September 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D63RjDDwVHk&t=2s). This event was attended by 30 participants. • IUCN CEESP Reimagine Webinar Series: A Global Spotlight on Ocean Defenders, 29 November 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v11nLsazmaw&t=20s). This event was attended by around 101 attendees. Peer-reviewed publications: • Bennet NJ, de la Lama RL, Le Billion P, Ertor I, and Morgera E. (2023). "Ocean defenders and human rights." Frontiers in Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.1089049 • Bennett NJ, Alava JJ, Ferguson CE, Blythe J, Morgera E, Boyd D, Côté IM. (2022). "Environmental (in)justice in the Anthropocene ocean." Marine Policy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105383 • Morgera and Lily, "Public Participation at the International Seabed Authority - an international human rights analysis" (2022) RECIEL https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/reel.12472 • Surfacing solidarity praxis in transdisciplinary research for blue justice Publication authored by Pereira T & Erwin K (2023) in Ecosystems and People, 19:1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2260502 • Ocean-defending small-scale fishers in South Africa say NO to seismic surveys Publication authored by Pereira, Taryn in Ocean Defenders Project. Available from https://oceandefendersproject.org/case-study/no-to-seismic-surveys/. • Hub researchers Dr Dylan McGarry and Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University) are working on a paper with Dr Dina Lupin, Director of GNHRE entitled 'Taking our time: consultation and indigenous storytelling in South Africa', which has been accepted for the University of Southampton 'Law and Humanities' roundtable in July 2022. Working Paper • Nathan J. Bennett Juan José Alava, Caroline E. Ferguson, Jessica Blythe, Elisa Morgera, David Boyd & Isabelle M. Côté. (2022). Environmental Justice in the Ocean. Working Paper through the Institution for Oceans and Fisheries at the University of British Columbia https://fisheries.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2022/04/Working-Paper-2022-03-All.pdf Policy brief Shields S and Morgera E. (2023). "Policy brief: what child environmental human rights defenders need to know to defend and protect a healthy ocean." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/publications/policy-brief-what-child-environmental-human-rights-defenders-need-to-know-to-defend-and-protect-a-healthy-ocean/. Blogposts • Pereira T. (2023). "Ocean-defending small-scale fishers in South Africa say NO to seismic surveys." Available from https://oceandefendersproject.org/case-study/no-to-seismic-surveys/. • Webster E, Pereira T and Morgera E. "Reflecting on opportunities and tensions in academic solidarity practices with environmental human rights defenders." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-opportunities-and-tensions-in-academic-solidarity-practices-with-environmental-human-rights-defenders/. • One Ocean Hub. (2023). "Contributing to the 2025 UN call for action on human rights with a focus on ocean defenders." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/contributing-to-the-un-call-for-action-on-human-rights-with-a-focus-on-ocean-defenders. • Longo A. (2023). "Empty of livelihood space? Changing narratives about the ocean space and ocean defenders in the roll out of blue economy plans." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/empty-or-livelihood-space-changing-narratives-about-the-ocean-space-. • Morgera E. (2023). "Calling attention to children ocean defenders." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/calling-attention-to-children-ocean-defenders/. • Pereira T. (2023). "Spotlighting ocean defenders and the responsibilities of marine conservation organizations." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/spotlighting-ocean-defenders-and-the-responsibilities-of-marine-conservation-organizations/. • Febrica S. (2022). "Hub led panels for the 2022 Summer/ Winter School on Human Rights and the Environment." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/hub-led-panels-for-the-2022-summer-winter-school-on-human-rights-and-the-environment/ • Febrica S. (2022). "Key messages from the UNEP Winter/Summer School on Human Rights "From Oceans to Taps (Part 1): Focus on small-scale fisheries. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/key-messages-from-the-unep-winter-summer-school-on-human-rights-from-oceans-to-taps-part-1-focus-on-small-scale-fishers/. • Febrica S. (2022). "Key messages from the UNEP Winter/Summer School on Human Rights "From Oceans to Taps (Part 1): Children, ocean defenders, and plastics. Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/key-messages-from-the-unep-winter-summer-school-on-human-rights-from-oceans-to-taps-part-2-children-ocean-defenders-and-plastics/. • Febrica S, Longo A, Prokic M, Francis B, Pereira T, Oduro GY, Strand M, Jonas M, Upton M, Lancaster AMSN, Nurse BG, Morgera E, Niner H, Mbatha P & Wilson D. (2023). "Part 1: One Ocean Hub participates in five panels for the 2023 Summer/Winter School for Human Rights & the Environment." Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/part-1-one-ocean-hub-participates-in-five-panels-for-the-2023-summer-winter-school-for-human-rights-the-environment/. • Febrica S, Longo A, Prokic M, Francis B, Pereira T, Oduro GY, Strand M, Jonas M, Upton M, Lancaster AMSN, Nurse BG, Morgera E, Niner H, Mbatha P & Wilson D. (2023). Available from https://oneoceanhub.org/part-2-one-ocean-hub-participates-in-five-panels-for-the-2023-summer-winter-school-for-human-rights-the-environment/ • Morgera E. (2022) "Developing new partnerships for protecting small-scale fishers' human rights." IUCN Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy News. Available from https://www.iucn.org/story/202206/developing-new-partnerships-protecting-small-scale-fishers-human-rights. • Morgera E and Febrica S. (2022). "Connecting children's human rights and a healthy ocean" IUCN Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy News. Available from https://www.iucn.org/story/202212/connecting-childrens-human-rights-and-healthy-ocean • Morgera E and Febrica S (2022). "Partnerships to strengthen small-scale fishers' human rights." Available from https://www.iucn.org/story/202212/partnerships-strengthen-small-scale-fishers-human-rights.
Start Year 2021
 
Description Expanding alliances on ocean defenders 
Organisation Rhodes University
Country South Africa 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Environmental human rights defenders have been defined by the United Nations as individuals and communities that raise awareness about the negative impacts on human rights of unsustainable decisions on the environment. Defenders are increasingly the object of (often lethal) attacks by governments or private companies. They thus exemplify a double flaw of national governments: they do not effectively protect or ensure sustainable use of the environment to the detriment of human rights, and they persecute or allow persecution of those that raise awareness about these problems. Current international protection for environmental human rights defenders is focussed on land defenders, so ocean-defenders are overlooked. The One Ocean Hub was invited by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to provide inputs, and recommendations within the UN system to connect efforts in the recognition of ocean defenders as environmental human rights defenders. Hub researchers were thus invited to contribute to the UNEP Global and Regional Consultations (Africa) on understanding and identifying good practices in support of environmental human rights defenders in May 2021. Following these consultations, the Hub was invited to present relevant research and methods at the inaugural Summer/Winter School on Human rights and the environment on 21-25 June 2021 that UNEP co-organizes with the Global Network for Human Rights and the Environment (GNHRE), with a view to raising awareness and building the capacity of human rights activists, researchers, and representatives of governments from around the world on the basis of perspectives and experiences from the Global South. The Hub's collaboration with UNEP and GNHRE from 2021 to 2023 around the Summer/Winter School shed light more generally how human rights and the environment experts and activists are not aware of the human rights challenges faced in relation to the coastal and marine environment. GNHRE and UNEP have supported the Hub's joint programme of work with FAO and the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022 and 2023 (see separate entry under Collaborations). As a follow up to the Hub's engagement with the Winter/Summer School on Human Rights and the Environment on the International Day of Action for Rivers, 14 March 2023, Hub researchers and small-scale fishers from South Africa participated in the "Water Defenders Workshop", organised by the Global Network for Human Rights and the Environment (GNHRE) in partnership with the United Nations Environment Programme. Hub early-career researchers Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University) and Aphiwe Moshani (University of Cape Town) from the Coastal Justice Network together with Sinegugu Zukulu (Sustaining the Wild Coast), Melisa Pullen (The Collective), Ntsindiso Nongcavu (Coastal Links Eastern Cape) and Jerry Mngomezulu (Kosi Bay Affected Communities) contributed to the session of the workshop titled "Defending the ocean at the kelp roots: Stories from Small scale fisher ocean defenders in South Africa" (Read more here: https://oneoceanhub.org/empty-or-livelihood-space-changing-narratives-about-the-ocean-space-and-ocean-defenders-in-the-roll-out-of-blue-economy-plans/). To further expands our imaginations of solidarity in support of human rights defenders, in September 2023, three Hub researchers, Elaine Webster and Elisa Morgera (University of Strathclyde, UK), and Taryn Pereira (Rhodes University, South Africa) contributed to the Annual Network Conference of the Association of Human Rights Institutes, that will be hosted by the University of Deusto in Bilbao, Spain, under the theme, "Human Rights Defenders Under Siege." The Hub contributed to the panel focused on 'The Role of Academia in the support to HRDs.' Information on the title and key messages explored in Elaine Webster, Elisa Morgera and Taryn Pereira's papers is available from here: https://oneoceanhub.org/ocean-defenders-research-at-the-association-of-human-rights-institutes-conference/. The conference offered an opportunity to share and contrast the research and practices under the One Ocean Hub on ocean defenders as environmental human rights defenders with other academic research and practice with human rights defenders more broadly. The three Hub papers presented contributed to the conference track on the role of academia in support of human rights defenders (HRDs), raised the profile of ocean human rights defenders as environmental human rights defenders and explored different facets of navigating academic solidarity practices at different scales (https://oneoceanhub.org/reflecting-on-opportunities-and-tensions-in-academic-solidarity-practices-with-environmental-human-rights-defenders/). On 29 November 2023, Hub early career researcher Taryn Pereira, UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment David Boyd and other experts participated in the webinar 'A Global Spotlight on Ocean Defenders' to call attention to the ongoing struggles and efforts of ocean defenders glo