Lost at Sea - where are all the tyre particles? (TYRE-LOSS)
Lead Research Organisation:
Plymouth University
Department Name: Sch of Biological and Marine Sciences
Abstract
In the UK 330 billion road miles are driven every year, generating particles of synthetic rubber as a consequence of friction between the tyre and the road surface. It has been estimated that tyre wear could account for 65% (18,000 tonnes annually) of all microplastics released to UK surface waters. However, these estimates are in stark disagreement with environmental data where polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and PET are the main types of microplastics and on a global scale only around 1% of studies report finding any tyre particles at all. This contradiction is concerning because tyres contain a range of potentially hazardous chemicals which have been shown to cause harm to marine life.
Tyre particles are challenging to identify from environmental samples and this might explain the discrepancies between modelling estimates and actual field sampling. In this proposal, we will use an approach that has been recently trialled by the team and has shown that very substantial quantities of tyre particles are indeed entering the sea via storm water, waste water and from airborne dust.
This project will measure tyre particle concentrations at their points of entry to the marine environment and then describe their subsequent transport in the water column. We will measure concentrations in the water, sediment and marine life at increasing distances from the places where these particles enter the sea and construct and validate mathematical models to describe the dispersal of tyre particles in inshore waters. This information will then be used establish the potential for any associated risks to marine life at environmentally relevant concentrations.
The proposal brings together the Universities of Plymouth, Exeter and Newcastle, together with Plymouth Marine Laboratory and an Advisory Group comprising 14 organisations including policy makers, tyre, automobile, plastics and water industries as well as academia and environmental charities (see letters of support). Our research team includes world-leading experts in microplastics, marine litter, environmental chemistry, coastal dynamics and ecotoxicology who have pioneered the field with numerous collaborative projects, jointly authored papers and awards for their work. Their previous research has had significant, broad impact influencing policy and industry on a global scale to help reduce plastic contamination in the environment.
There has been considerable media attention on plastic pollution in recent years and this has translated into an urgent call for action by the public, policy makers and industry. However, current understanding of the most appropriate actions is less clear and reliable information on the relative importance and associated risks from various sources of microplastic, including tyre particles, is lacking. The outcomes of this research are therefore of critical importance to guide policy and industry intervention. The number of road vehicles is set to double by 2050 leading to increased particle emissions; however, there are interventions that could reduce the rate of tyre particle generation, hence the proposed research is both urgent and timely.
The outcomes of this project will be widely disseminated via a dedicated Work Package on communication and impact, facilitated by an Impact Champion and the Advisory Group that has been specifically assembled for the project.
Tyre particles are challenging to identify from environmental samples and this might explain the discrepancies between modelling estimates and actual field sampling. In this proposal, we will use an approach that has been recently trialled by the team and has shown that very substantial quantities of tyre particles are indeed entering the sea via storm water, waste water and from airborne dust.
This project will measure tyre particle concentrations at their points of entry to the marine environment and then describe their subsequent transport in the water column. We will measure concentrations in the water, sediment and marine life at increasing distances from the places where these particles enter the sea and construct and validate mathematical models to describe the dispersal of tyre particles in inshore waters. This information will then be used establish the potential for any associated risks to marine life at environmentally relevant concentrations.
The proposal brings together the Universities of Plymouth, Exeter and Newcastle, together with Plymouth Marine Laboratory and an Advisory Group comprising 14 organisations including policy makers, tyre, automobile, plastics and water industries as well as academia and environmental charities (see letters of support). Our research team includes world-leading experts in microplastics, marine litter, environmental chemistry, coastal dynamics and ecotoxicology who have pioneered the field with numerous collaborative projects, jointly authored papers and awards for their work. Their previous research has had significant, broad impact influencing policy and industry on a global scale to help reduce plastic contamination in the environment.
There has been considerable media attention on plastic pollution in recent years and this has translated into an urgent call for action by the public, policy makers and industry. However, current understanding of the most appropriate actions is less clear and reliable information on the relative importance and associated risks from various sources of microplastic, including tyre particles, is lacking. The outcomes of this research are therefore of critical importance to guide policy and industry intervention. The number of road vehicles is set to double by 2050 leading to increased particle emissions; however, there are interventions that could reduce the rate of tyre particle generation, hence the proposed research is both urgent and timely.
The outcomes of this project will be widely disseminated via a dedicated Work Package on communication and impact, facilitated by an Impact Champion and the Advisory Group that has been specifically assembled for the project.
Planned Impact
Knowledge generated through this project will be of direct benefit to government regulators and policy makers as well as industry and the general public.
Current uncertainty and disagreement about the relative importance of various sources of microplastics, and especially the importance of tyre particles is hindering interventions to reduce microplastic pollution. Government members, regulators and policy makers charged with legislation and environmental protection will benefit directly from clear evidence on the sources, quantities and impacts of tyre particles in relation to other forms of microplastic pollution. The proposal is of direct relevance to NERC's Societal Challenges (managing environmental change), the UK Government's 25 year Environment Plan (see Letter of support from Defra CEO Gideon Henderson), the UK Industrial Strategy by linking two key grand challenges, Future of mobility and Clean growth, and Marine Strategy Framework Directive, Descriptor 10: requires that EU member states keep marine litter (including microplastics) at levels that will not cause harm. Our research will also contribute in support of UN Sustainable Development Goal 14 'Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development', specifically Goal 14.1 that states 'By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris'. These goals cannot be reliably addressed without accurate information on the relative importance of microplastic sources, which this proposal seeks to address.
The project will be of direct relevance to industry across the automotive sector, including the design of vehicles, tyres and braking systems as well as those involved in traffic management. This automotive industry are currently challenged with being a major source of microplastic contamination - yet the evidence to underpin this is lacking. Hence the project outcomes will be of direct relevance across the automotive sector who are keen to minimise the impacts of vehicles. In addition the outcomes are of wider relevance to those in the food industry who are concerned about contamination of fish and shellfish by microplastics and those involved in monitoring air and water quality.
To maximise dissemination and interactions with these key stakeholders we have established an Advisory Group for the project comprising: DEFRA; UK Water Industries Research, South West and Wessex Water; Mott MacDonald, the British Tyre and Rubber Manufacturers Association, automotive manufacturers, and Plastics Europe; Eunomia Consulting; waste and circular economy experts, Ellen MacArthur Foundation and NGOs such as the Marine Conservation Society.
The general public includes those interested in conservation of marine life, and who enjoy the marine recreational activity and seafood. Our results will provide enhanced understanding of microplastics - where they go and what effects they have. This will help with subsequent assessment of how safe it is to eat seafood and the potential influence on marine ecosystems. Ultimately such information will help inform personal choices on tyre and vehicle purchase as well as driving style. For example, there are considerable synergies between vehicle wear, efficient fuel use and tyre wear. This is relevant to increasing use of electric vehicles which are considerably heavier and typically have faster acceleration than conventional vehicles.
PDRAs and early career researchers in our consortium will have the opportunity to develop their awareness of, and skills in, science communication and knowledge transfer by; a) participating in educational outreach events run by our organisations and long term collaborator Digital Explorer, such as their 'Oceans Academies' and Skype Classrooms; b) encouraging them to write articles for the popular press and social media; c) attending NERC training on science communication.
Current uncertainty and disagreement about the relative importance of various sources of microplastics, and especially the importance of tyre particles is hindering interventions to reduce microplastic pollution. Government members, regulators and policy makers charged with legislation and environmental protection will benefit directly from clear evidence on the sources, quantities and impacts of tyre particles in relation to other forms of microplastic pollution. The proposal is of direct relevance to NERC's Societal Challenges (managing environmental change), the UK Government's 25 year Environment Plan (see Letter of support from Defra CEO Gideon Henderson), the UK Industrial Strategy by linking two key grand challenges, Future of mobility and Clean growth, and Marine Strategy Framework Directive, Descriptor 10: requires that EU member states keep marine litter (including microplastics) at levels that will not cause harm. Our research will also contribute in support of UN Sustainable Development Goal 14 'Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development', specifically Goal 14.1 that states 'By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris'. These goals cannot be reliably addressed without accurate information on the relative importance of microplastic sources, which this proposal seeks to address.
The project will be of direct relevance to industry across the automotive sector, including the design of vehicles, tyres and braking systems as well as those involved in traffic management. This automotive industry are currently challenged with being a major source of microplastic contamination - yet the evidence to underpin this is lacking. Hence the project outcomes will be of direct relevance across the automotive sector who are keen to minimise the impacts of vehicles. In addition the outcomes are of wider relevance to those in the food industry who are concerned about contamination of fish and shellfish by microplastics and those involved in monitoring air and water quality.
To maximise dissemination and interactions with these key stakeholders we have established an Advisory Group for the project comprising: DEFRA; UK Water Industries Research, South West and Wessex Water; Mott MacDonald, the British Tyre and Rubber Manufacturers Association, automotive manufacturers, and Plastics Europe; Eunomia Consulting; waste and circular economy experts, Ellen MacArthur Foundation and NGOs such as the Marine Conservation Society.
The general public includes those interested in conservation of marine life, and who enjoy the marine recreational activity and seafood. Our results will provide enhanced understanding of microplastics - where they go and what effects they have. This will help with subsequent assessment of how safe it is to eat seafood and the potential influence on marine ecosystems. Ultimately such information will help inform personal choices on tyre and vehicle purchase as well as driving style. For example, there are considerable synergies between vehicle wear, efficient fuel use and tyre wear. This is relevant to increasing use of electric vehicles which are considerably heavier and typically have faster acceleration than conventional vehicles.
PDRAs and early career researchers in our consortium will have the opportunity to develop their awareness of, and skills in, science communication and knowledge transfer by; a) participating in educational outreach events run by our organisations and long term collaborator Digital Explorer, such as their 'Oceans Academies' and Skype Classrooms; b) encouraging them to write articles for the popular press and social media; c) attending NERC training on science communication.
Publications
Boisseaux P
(2024)
Deep dive into the chronic toxicity of tyre particle mixtures and their leachates.
in Journal of hazardous materials
Clark NJ
(2022)
Demonstrating the translocation of nanoplastics across the fish intestine using palladium-doped polystyrene in a salmon gut-sac.
in Environment international
Garrard SL
(2022)
Tyre particle exposure affects the health of two key estuarine invertebrates.
in Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
Parker-Jurd F
(2024)
Features of the highway road network that generate or retain tyre wear particles
in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Thompson RC
(2022)
Plastics treaty - research must inform action.
in Nature
Description | Prior to this award we had established that substantial quantities of tyre and road wear particles were passing to aquatic environments from roads. So far in this project we have quantified their accumulation in estuarine sediments as a first step to establishing environmental distribution and impacts. We have shown that tyre wear particles have the potential to be toxic to an OECD test species at environmentally relevant conditions. Boisseaux P, Rauert C, Dewapriya P, Delignette-Muller M-L, Barrett R, Durndell L, Pohl F, Thompson R, Thomas KV, Galloway T, et al (2024). Deep dive into the chronic toxicity of tyre particle mixtures and their leachates. J Hazard Mater, 466 Abstract. Author URL. Article has an altmetric score of 45 |
Exploitation Route | Measures to intercept tyre wear particles prior to their rerelease to the environment for example via settlement ponds and reed beds; or measures to reduce the wear rate of tyres for example via industrial innovation or policy |
Sectors | Environment Transport |
Description | Finding have been presented to policy audiences at national and international level (CoP 26, Glasgow, 2021; Cop 27 Egypt, 2022; UN Oceans meeting, Lisbon 2022). UK National Highways funded a study: Work Order T0051 Microplastics Phase 2. Appendix X: Quantifying tyre wear particles and other microplastics from the Strategic Road Network which will be published later this year. |
First Year Of Impact | 2021 |
Sector | Environment,Transport |
Description | Highways England Specialist Professional and Technical Services 2 Framework |
Amount | £178,151 (GBP) |
Funding ID | T0051 Microplastics Phase 2 |
Organisation | Highways England |
Sector | Private |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2021 |
End | 11/2022 |
Description | Micro and nano plastics and human health |
Amount | £60,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | University of Plymouth |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 08/2022 |
End | 09/2026 |
Description | Specialist Professional and Technical Services 2 Framework (Lot 1) |
Amount | £239,062 (GBP) |
Organisation | Highways England |
Sector | Private |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2024 |
End | 04/2026 |
Title | Features of the highway road network that generate or retain tyre wear particles |
Description | Raw dataset for the manuscript: Parker-Jurd, F. N. F., Abbott, G. D., Guthery, B., Parker-Jurd, G. M. C., Thompson, R. C. Features of the highway road network that generate or retain tyre wear particles. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. Doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-32769-1 The dataset includes data on the concentration of tyre wear particles in the influent, effluent and sediments of wetlands and retention ponds (roadside drainage assets) and in direct drianage from curved and straight sections of the strategic road network. |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2024 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Given the extent of tyre wear pollution originating from roads, this dataset holds global significance in guiding the management of tyre wear pollution stemming from highways. |
URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10785205 |
Description | Collaboration with the TU-Ilmenau, Germany |
Organisation | Technical University Ilmenau |
Country | Germany |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Dr Florian Pohl reached out to the TU-Ilmenau to acquire tyre wear particles. Prof. Valentin Ivanov and Dr David Hesse agreed to deliver tyre wear particles from their test rig to be used in hydrodynamic experiments at University of Plymouth. |
Collaborator Contribution | The tyre wear particles have been analysed for their density and morphology at the University of Plymouth, and results have been shared with the partners at the TU-Ilmenau. |
Impact | No outputs yet. |
Start Year | 2021 |
Description | Consultant to the project Microplastics from roads to aquatic environments: occurrence, transport, prevention and reduction strategies |
Organisation | University of Coimbra |
Country | Portugal |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Consultant activities by Dr Florian Pohl for the project proposal "Microplastics from roads to aquatic environments: occurrence, transport, prevention and reduction strategies" - Call for R&D Projects in All Scientific Domains - 2022. Consultant activities included drafting and editing of the research proposal. |
Collaborator Contribution | To be announced |
Impact | Co-authorships is future publications. |
Start Year | 2022 |
Description | 'Tyre Sustainability Challenge' session at Global Research and Innovation in Plastics Sustainability (GRIPS) conference in March 2022. |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | GRIPS 2022, following on from a very successful GRIPS 2021.https://web-eur.cvent.com/event/0eb1e106-588a-4943-87f0-d30a03db196e/summary The event in 2022 will again showcase research and innovation from both the academic and industrial community that make polymers more sustainable. It will bring together companies and individuals to highlight the best of the UK and select international activities which will lead to plastics being less likely to reach landfill, end up incinerated, or become fugitive in the environment. Research and innovation from both the academic and industrial community will be showcased at GRIPS 2022. The event will provide a platform to help develop commercial success of these developments and build links within the polymer/plastics supply chain to strengthen the offer to UK and wider international actors in application sectors such as plastic packaging/FMCG, construction, agriculture, textiles, healthcare etc. Each session aims to identify recommendations for immediate action in the plastics value chain. The event will focus on Finding the Future of Plastics & Polymers with 80+ speakers, 50 exhibitors, and 3 days of interactive sessions driven by sector experts with themes on: construction; legislation; agriculture; healthcare; net zero; marine plastics; chemical recycling' sustainable design; innovation opportunities in global markets; plastic packaging; behaviour change and many more.' |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://web-eur.cvent.com/event/0eb1e106-588a-4943-87f0-d30a03db196e/summary |
Description | BBC national news piece on UoPs research into tyre particle pollution in coastal environments |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | A BBC news team visited the University of Plymouth to film with RCT and FPJ. The 2 minute piece was aired on BBC news at 6 and BBC news at 10 on the 20th of September 2023. The remainder of the news that day was also streamed live from the University of Plymouth. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/news/bbc-news-broadcasts-live-from-the-university-of-plymouth-marine-stat... |
Description | COP28 - 4-8th December 2023 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | RCT attended COP28 in Dubai in December 2023 and took part in a panel discussing the link between climate change and plastic pollution |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
Description | Exhibition stand on the COP - United Nations Climate Change Conference (2022), Egypt |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Presentation from a exhibition stand at COP27 - United Nations Climate Change Conference (2022), Egypt. UOP designed a stand where the research questions and aims of the Tyre Loss project were presented alongside other UoP marine litter and climate related projects. Our activity emphasised the need for a systems approach to climate and transport considering both carbon and particulate emission. We demonstrated how potential mitigation strategies can work in synergy as well as antagonistically. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://twitter.com/ProfRThompson/status/1590734429286461441 |
Description | Exhibition stand on the COP26 - United Nations Climate Change Conference (2021), Glasgow, UK |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Presentation in the Green Zone on the COP26 - United Nations Climate Change Conference (2021), Glasgow, UK. Title: The road to zero emissions is not just about carbon. We designed an exhibition stand where the research questions and aims of the Tyre Loss project were presented. Our activity emphasised the need for a systems approach to climate and transport considering both carbon and particulate emission. We demonstrated how potential mitigation strategies can work in synergy as well as antagonistically. Following activities have been conducted: 1. A 90 second TV animation film on a repeating loop was presented - illustrating the sources of particulate emissions, knowledge gaps and solutions; the connection between traffic and carbon emissions; highlighting the need to consider the system, rather than its individual components. 2. A board game quiz was designed and presented - participants were asked to correctly answer nine questions around tyre-wear particle emissions, guided by a poster. 3. Poster(s) outlining our current research on particulate emissions including: transport pathways, environmental concentrations and accumulations points, and toxicity. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4qRKxdQKM9Y&t=3s |
Description | Futures 2021 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | In September 2021, over 500 individuals and families locally and across the South West joined us to discover research across science, heritage, health and history, and meet the University of Plymouth researchers who work to make a difference to our daily lives. FUTURES2021 brought research to life in new and exciting ways online and in-person, with a whole host of events ranging from storytelling to panel discussions, comedy, quizzes and broadcasts on community radio stations. FUTURES is an annual public engagement festival dedicated to showcasing research and innovation, as part of the 2021 European Researchers' Night celebrations. With more than 300 cities across 30 European countries taking part, this exciting annual event showcases the South West's rich scientific and cultural heritage through fun, interactive learning with the Universities of Bath, Bath Spa, Bristol, Exeter and Plymouth. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/research/futures2021 |
Description | INC3 UN global plastics treaty negotiations UNEP headquarters Nairobi November 13-19th |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | The INC3 Global Plastics Treaty Negotiations took place between 13-19th of November 2023 at the UNEP headquarters in Nairobi Kenya. The meeting was attended by two members of the Tyre Loss team from the University of Plymouth (RCT and FPJ) who were there in an observing capacity. RCT presented at an official side event, the presentation titled 'The role of scientific evidence to inform governance' which covered topics include tyre wear particle pollution. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
Description | Integrating Marine Litter Monitoring to Inform Action -- UN Ocean Conference Side Event |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | The event will address a broad variety of stakeholders including member states representatives to advocate the necessity of a global sustained Integrated Marine Debris Observing System (IMDOS) that will work hand in hand with the UNEP Global Partnership on Marine Litter to address critical knowledge gaps and other stakeholder needs, including by supporting the Digital Platform. The partnership between the IMDOS and the GPML Digital Platform will enable the accessibility of integrated data on marine litter and plastic pollution by a wide range of stakeholders. See below our final agenda! We are also planning on organising a (self-paid)dinner for those who wish to continue discussing after the event. If you are interested in joining, please sign up here: https://forms.office.com/r/C5tB1tnfkJ Getting to Cascais To get to Cascais from Lisbon, you can take a direct train (line 19001) from Lisbon Cais Do Sodre station (connected with the green metro line) to Cascais station which is also the end station. Trains depart every 10-20 minutes during the day, and travel takes 30-40 minutes. Useful travel information can be found here: https://www.rome2rio.com/map/Lisbon/Cascais Venue The UN Ocean Conference side event & Morning Forum will take place at the Centro Cultural de Cascais, Av. Rei Humberto II de Itália, 2750-642 Cascais, website: https://bairrodosmuseus.cascais.pt/list/museu/centro-cultural-de-cascais?section=0 Lunch Dialogues & Afternoon Forum will take place at the Hotel Baia - Passeio de Dom Luís I, 2754-509 Cascais, Portugal, website: https://www.hotelbaia.com/ If you have any questions or if you schedule has changed, please do not hesitate to contact me. We are looking forward to meeting you in Cascais. Best regards, Audrey HASSON, Ph.D., on behalf of the organising committee GEO Blue Planet European Coordinator @ Mercator Ocean International - EU4OCEANOBS FPI audrey.hasson@mercator-ocean.fr www.eu4oceanobs.eu www.geoblueplanet.org You can find out more about the event, context, agenda via the event website available here: https://www.eu4oceanobs.eu/marine-litter-monitoring-to-inform-action/ 8:00-8:30 Venue opens : Badges, agenda distribution etc 8:30-10:00 Official Side Event - Centro Cultural de Cascais ECOP Moderator: Delphine Lobelle (Netherlands) 8:30-8:45 Welcome notes 8:50-9:20 Keynote speech Richard Thompson (University of Plymouth) 9:20-9:30 Introduction to Panel discussion Heidi Savelli-Soderberg (UNEP) 9:30-9:40 Introduction to Panel discussion - IMDOS Alex Turra (University of Sao Paolo) 9:40-10:10 Panel Discussion Heidi Savelli-Soderberg (UNEP), Toste Tanhua (GOOS/GEOMAR), Keiji Nakashima (Ministry of the Environment, Japan), Marc Metian (UN IAEA-MEL), Alex Turra (University of Sao Paolo), Amy Lusher (NIVA, Norway) Moderator: Audrey Hasson (MOi / GEO Blue Planet) 10:10-10:30 Coffee Break 10:30-12:00 Morning Forum - Centro Cultural de Cascais ECOP moderator: Tomoko Takahashi (Japan) 10:30-10:45 GPML concept and next steps Marta Ottogalli and Saiful Ridwan (UNEP) 10:45-11:00 Data for decision making and measuring progress Nicola Balbarini, UNEP-DHI Centre on Water and Environment 11:00-11:15 IMDOS concept and next steps Artur Palacz (GOOS/IOCCP, Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland) and Stefano Aliani (ISMAR, CNR, Italy) 11:15-11:30 Harmonizing monitoring methods and sharing of data in Japan as an enabling tool to tackle ocean surface microplastics (confirmed) Keiji Nakashima (Ministry of Environment Japan MOEJ) 11:30-12:00 Panel Discussion All speakers from Morning Forum Moderator: Audrey Hasson (MOi / GEO Blue Planet) 12:00-12:30 Walk over to the Baia Hotel 12:30-13:30 Luncheon Dialogues - Baia Hotel, Cascais 13:30-14:00 Interval for refreshments 14:00-17:00 Afternoon Forum - Baia Hotel and Marina, Cascais ECOP Moderator: Christine Knauss (US) and Mafalda de Freitas (Portugal) 14:00-14:15 Remote Sensing Victor Martinez-Vicente (PML) 14:15-14:30 Modelling Atsuhiko Isobe (Kyushu University, Japan) 14:30-14:45 Sampling and Analysis Amy Lusher (NIVA, Norway) 14:45-15:00 Artificial Intelligence Carolina Sa (Moon-shot Challenge, Portugal Space Agency) and Leonardo Azevedo (CERENA-IST / Project SMART ) 15:00-15:30 Q&A discussion 15:30-16:00 Refreshments Walk from Baia Hotel to the Marina (5-10 min walk) 16:00-17:00 Live Demonstrations - Drones, Manta nets 17:00-17:30 Transition 17:30-19:30 Concluding social event - by the MV Plastic Odyssey on the Cascais marina ECOP Moderator: Refilwe Mofokeng (SA) 17:30-18 :15 Concluding Remarks 18:15-18:45 Local Solutions - Upstream (France) Plastic Odyssey 18:45-19:15 Local Solutions - Downstream (Portugal) H2020 Maelstrom |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/virtual_side_event_programme_2706.pdf |
Description | Oral presentation on the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Pohl, F., Parker-Jurd, F.N.F. & Thompson, R.C.: How Concerned should we be about Tire Particles? - Fluxes from Roads to the Marine Environment. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC), North America 42nd Annual Meeting (2021) Oral conference presentation (online), presenting the aims and goals of the Tyre Loss project and results from previous research at University of Plymouth related to the project. The live online presentation was attended by ca. 160 participants. Multiple questions have been asked which help to further plan the upcoming research activities of the project. Abstract: Tire wear particles are generated due to friction between the tire and the road surface and are assumed to present a major source of microplastic emissions to terrestrial and aquatic environments. It has been estimated that tire wear could account for 65% (18,000 tones annually) of all microplastics released to UK surface waters. Despite their apparent significance, data on the pathways for tire wear particles from roads to the marine environment is sparse. On a global scale, only around 1% of studies report finding any tire particles at all. This contradiction is concerning because tires contain a range of potentially hazardous chemicals which have been shown to cause harm to marine life. Here we quantify tire particle fluxes to the marine environments away from roadways. For this, 96 samples have been collected from Plymouth and Bristol, two coastal cities in the UK. Examined particle pathways include: (1) Wastewater effluents, (2) Storm water runoff, and (3) Airborne tyre particles next to roadsides. All samples were analyzed using Pyr-GC-MS to determine tire wear mass using N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolamine as a marker. In addition, a subset of tire particles was isolated and exanimated by visual identification to obtain particle characteristics. Tire wear was present in each of the three pathways examined, detected within 88 % of samples, with concentrations of up to 8.2 mg/L collected from storm water drains. For the Plymouth area, back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest a tire wear flux through storm water runoff of up to ~600 tones annually. In contrast, wastewater effluents showed much lower concentrations of up to 0.3 mg/L. Airborne tire particle concentrations were generally higher in closer proximity to roadways with highest concentrations detected next to motorways with, up to 97 mg tire particles per meter square. Our study suggests that storm water drains present a major pathway for tire wear to the marine environment, while wastewater effluents may be of lesser importance. In addition, airborne particle emission might be of significance in areas where roadways are in close proximity to the coastline or river systems. Future work should examine the fate of tire particles in the marine environment and identify potential accumulation hot spots in seafloor sediments. Knowledge on tire wear fluxes, concentrations, and accumulation zones are essential to determine ecotoxicological risks imposed by tire wear to the marine environment. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Project specific webpage |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Webpage of the Tyre Loss Project describing the project aims. In context with the COP26 a 90 second animation was added to the webpage, describing potential pathways of tyre wear particles to the aquatic environment. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/research/marine-litter/tyre-loss |
Description | Speaker :United Nations Oceans Conference Side Event From Ambition to Action: Ending Plastic Pollution in All Environments |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | United Nations Oceans Conference Side Event From Ambition to Action: Ending Plastic Pollution in All Environments 27th June, time 6-8pm, commencing after the interactive dialogues on marine pollution Location: Ikonik Hotel Lisboa (approx. 10mins walk from Blue Zone) Speakers ? Jo Royle, Founder and CEO, Common Seas ? Dr Jeanne d'Arc Mujawamariya, Minister of Environment, the Republic of Rwanda (pre-recorded via video link) ? Amb. Gustavo Meza Cuadra, Permanent Mission of Peru to the United Nations ? Virginijus Sinkevicius, European Commissioner for Environment, Oceans and Fisheries, European Commission ? Ed Shepherd, Senior Global Sustainability Manager - Circular Economy - Unilever ? Professor Richard Thompson OBE FRS, Director of the Marine Institute, University of Plymouth ? Rebecca Pow, Minister for Environment, UK Government Moderator: Christina Dixon, Ocean Campaign Leader, Environmental Investigation Agency Introduction Thank you for joining Common Seas and EIA's event, co-hosted by Rwanda, Peru, CIEL and the European Commission, which is part of the United Nations Ocean Conference side event programme. Plastic pollution constitutes a planetary crisis with impacts on our oceans, health, biodiversity and the climate system. Following the adoption of the resolution End Plastic Pollution: Towards an International Legally Binding Instrument at the 5th Session of the United Nations Environment Assembly in 2022 (UNEA-5), countries have a chance to come together and address the root causes of plastic pollution to safeguard our oceans and our planet. If we are to achieve SDG 14, an ambitious, coordinated and equitable approach that reflects the need to enable all countries to respond, including through support for low capacity countries and SIDS, will be essential. Stakeholders from civil society, government, business and the scientific community will lead this high-level dialogue on priority issues for addressing plastic pollution as we look towards international negotiations in 2022 and an ambitious eventual agreement that meets the scale of the crisis at hand. From highlighting the critical importance of plastic pollution to SDG 14 and our oceans, the discussion will also cover other interlinkages, such as the sustainable production and consumption of plastics (SDG 12), product design and standards, the need for a non-toxic circular economy and the environmentally sound management of waste - all anchored in evidence-based decision making and the need to turn words into urgent action through action plans and reporting requirements. The session will bring perspectives from different geographies and contexts, underscoring the need for a collaborative global vision to end plastic pollution that intervenes at all stages of the plastics life cycle. The session aims to: ? Provide an update on the progress towards developing a legally binding instrument to end plastic pollution following UNEA 5.2 ? Highlight essential elements to ensure the success of the instrument from different stakeholder perspectives, including business, government, scientific and civil society ? To provide insights into the interlinkages between SDG 14 and other SDGs in the context of addressing pollution across the full lifecycle of plastics Link to the Conference Theme: Scaling up Ocean Action Based on Science and Innovation for the Implementation of Goal 14: Stocktaking, Partnerships and Solutions ? In advance of UNEA 5.2, EIA coordinated the launch of a Scientists' Declaration on the Need for Governance of Plastics Throughout Their Life Cycles, which highlighted that approaches currently proposed for addressing plastic pollution focus primarily on waste management and actions lower down the waste hierarchy. It also noted that the 'marine litter' lens does not adequately reflect the findings of UNEP's Scientific Advisory Committee for Marine Litter and Microplastics, which concluded that a full life cycle approach is needed which principally focuses on prevention, reduction and redesigning problematic plastics out of the global economy. ? The Declaration called on governments to support the establishment of a new global treaty based on independently peer-reviewed scientific consensus and Traditional Knowledge, Innovations and Practices (TKIP) of Indigenous peoples and local communities. Stakeholders from around the world and across the plastics value chain are committed to a global agreement that is grounded in and responsive to such expert opinion and evidence. ? Common Seas also sees an equitable approach to addressing plastic pollution as vital, and has developed the Plastic Drawdown tool as a mechanism for supporting low capacity countries and SIDS to take early action. The health impacts should also not be ignored. Peer-reviewed research commissioned by Common Seas found microplastics in 77% of the human blood samples that were tested. As a result, Common Seas are calling for more funding for research into the links between plastic exposure and human health. This is another reason why a new global treaty needs to focus on upstream action. ? This side event will focus discussion on the need for a global agreement with evidence-based measures that includes within its design the scientific mechanisms and approaches that will be required to inform ambitious policy-making to achieve SDG 14 and other related goals. Structure After introductory remarks from EIA, the panel will be introduced and asked to provide reflections on the essential elements for the plastics treaty from their stakeholder perspective. The panel will be Chaired by Christina Dixon. After each speaker has the chance to provide a few minutes of initial reflections, they will be asked at least one question specific to their expertise and context to elaborate further on their position. We will work with you to shape these questions, to ensure we can draw out the key messages you want to share about plastic pollution. Following the questions posed to the speakers, we will invite a small number of interventions from the floor. The room is booked for two hours to allow time for networking and refreshments but the official programme is not envisaged to last longer than one hour. We anticipate starting by 6.30pm and concluding by 7.30pm to allow time for networking. This timing should enable people to move from the Interactive Dialogues to this venue with adequate time. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://eia-international.org/from-ambition-to-action-ending-plastic-pollution-in-all-environments/ |
Description | Stakeholder workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | We organised a two-hour workshop in which the research team presented aims and workpackages of the TYRE-LOSS project to partners and stakeholders. These included academics, government, industry partners, and NGOs. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Student Futures and Research Conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
Results and Impact | This five-day event is for career professionals, researchers, and student peers to engage and speak to university students from undergrad to PhD about their career areas, global challenges, and research. The aim of the event is to both inform and excite students interested in ecology and natural history about the career choices available to them and allow them to present their work to their peers. Attending the conference will be an audience of up to 300 undergraduate, postgraduate, Masters and PhD students, and others interested in ecology. Further information can be found on the Eventbrite page: Student Futures and Research Conference 2022 | Eventbrite |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/the-student-futures-and-research-conference-2022-tickets-249397192717 |
Description | Tyre Loss stakeholder meeting 23rd Jan 2024, hosted by UoP and other Tyre Loss project partners (London, UK) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | A presentation for each work package was given to attendees summarizing findings over the last 3 years: • Tyre particle environmental concentrations close to entry points (UoP) • Hydrodynamic properties of tyre wear particles (UoP) • Numerical modelling of tyre particle distributions in nearshore waters and further offshore (PML) • Toxicity of tyre wear particles (PML and Exeter University) Attendees were primarily from policy but the meeting was also attended by industry representatives: National Highways, Defra, Environment Agency, Marine Conservation Society, European Tyre Rubber and Manufacturers Association, UK Water Industry Research, TARRC Rubber Consultants, Emissions Analytics, British Tyre Manufactures Association The last session of the workshop was used to discuss ideas around potential next steps. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
Description | UN Ocean Side event - Marine Plastic Debris: Global Commitments and Actions for a Clean Ocean with the aim to strengthen global cooperation on marine plastic debris handling. |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Marine Plastic Debris: Global Commitments and Actions for a Clean Ocean Time : Thursday, 30 June 2022, 13:00 - 14:15 (Lisbon time) Venue : Side Event Room 2, Altice arena A. Background Marine debris pollution is thus a global issue, and an abundance of research exists demonstrating its detrimental impacts on biodiversity, societies, and local and national economies. Despite its global prevalence, the deleterious consequences of marine debris are a tangible and visible concern at the local level, necessitating the engagement of local stakeholders to decrease its input and remove it from the ecosystem. In other circumstances, sinks of marine debris, such as beaches, are located outside the geopolitical boundaries of the generator locations, necessitating transboundary cooperation between neighboring towns, provinces, and countries. Therefore, to end marine plastic debris and its ubiquitous nature, synchronous strategies and efforts from various stakeholders must be deployed. Indonesia has issued Presidential Regulation Number 83 Year 2018 on Marine Debris Handling which highlights the state's goal in handling 70% of its marine plastic debris by 2025. This Regulation has successfully accelerated the efforts on waste management in the country, and as a result, the amount of plastic waste that is leaking into the ocean is decreasing annually. But Indonesia's efforts alone are not enough to end this transboundary plastic debris. Development organization, for example, plays an important role to support the development of innovative financing in mitigating marine plastic debris, while the private sector has the authority to ramp up the production and collection of recyclable plastic that will eventually reduce the amount of plastic waste leaking into the ocean. There have been commendable efforts by stakeholders above on ending marine plastic pollution, hence, to share and exchange the challenges and success stories from them, as well as to inspire others to take action, the Government of Indonesia plans to conduct a side event in the second UN Ocean Conference; Marine Plastic Debris: Global Commitments and Actions for a Clean Ocean. The side event will cover the unique threat posed by transboundary plastic debris to marine ecosystems and will emphasize the importance of global, science-based solutions and lessons learned that address everything from preventative measures to mitigation of marine plastic debris. The side event will feature high-level panelists from various stakeholders; state government, private sector, and development organizations. The presence of high-level representatives will illustrate the dedication of organizations and their missions to the worldwide challenge of preventing and reducing transboundary plastic debris through a collective global commitment and actions. B. Objectives This side event aims to 1. Encourage greater knowledge and comprehension of the problems associated with transboundary plastic debris; 2. Address the transboundary nature of marine debris and strengthen the global commitment and action on its mitigation; and 3. Increase regional, national, and global collaboration on the issue of transboundary plastic debris. C. Agenda Session 1: Opening by Moderator (5 minutes) Kristin Hughes Director, Global Plastic Action Partnership Session 2: Opening Remarks (20 Minutes) Opening Remark 1 (10 Minutes) Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan Coordinating Minister for Maritime Affairs and Investment, Indonesia Opening Remark 2 (10 Minutes) Susan Gardner Director of Ecosystems Division, United Nations Environment Program Session 3: Dialogue (40 Minutes) Speaker 1: National Action Plan for Marine Debris Handling of Indonesia: Achievement, Challenge, and Way Forward (7 Minutes) Nani Hendiarti Deputy Minister for Environment and Forestry Management, CMMAI Speaker 2: The Norwegian Development Programme to Combat Marine Litter and Microplastics (7 Minutes) Espen Barth Eide Minister of Climate and the Environment of Norway Speaker 3: Public-private Partnership to Mitigate Marine Debris (7 Minutes) Jacob Duer President and CEO, Alliance to End Plastic Waste Speaker 4: Role of Academia in Combating Marine Plastic Debris (7 Minutes) Prof. Richard Thompson Director of the Marine Institute, University of Plymouth Speaker 5: Private Sector Contribution to Handle Marine Debris (6 Minutes) Henri Bruxelles Chief Sustainability and Strategic Business Development Officer, Danone International Speaker 6: A World Bank Approach: Pathways out of Plastic Pollution (6 Minutes) Valerie Hickey Global Director of Environment, Natural Resources and Blue Economy (ENB), World Bank Session 4: Discussion and Closing (10 Minutes) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://sdgs.un.org/events/marine-plastic-debris-global-commitments-and-actions-clean-ocean-47241 |
Description | UN Oceans Side Event Plastic pollution: what is holding us back from solutions; what key science and innovation is needed to tackle this global environmental challenge? Tue 28 Jun 2022, 4.00 pm |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | O28 June 2022, 16:00-17:30 Event streamed live from Lisbon, Portugal The topic of plastic pollution has received considerable global attention and as a consequence, was the focus of a recent UNEA 5.2 resolution entitled 'End Plastic Pollution: Towards an internationally legally binding instrument.' Most of the evidence around plastic pollution originates from the marine environment, yet most of the causes and hence the interventions to reduce plastic pollution, are grounded in supply chains and actions that lie on land. Do we have sufficient evidence to inform the recent UNEA resolution and if not, where are the evidence gaps? More broadly, are there lessons that can be learned from our current understanding of plastic pollution and our progress towards interventions that can help guide the way toward prioritisation of actions in relation to other environmental contaminants? This online discussion, question and answer session with experts from industry, policy and academia helped to identify the critical science and innovation needed to tackle this global environmental challenge. This panel debate featured short presentations from a diverse multinational panel (academia, policy, industry and innovation, finance, legal frameworks) followed by a Q&A session from the audience of conference delegates. Some of the key questions addressed: Do we need more evidence on the problem at sea or more on the trade-offs between solutions on land? What are the differences in applicability of solutions between nations? What is the relative importance of interventions at the design stage vs waste management to achieve circularity? What types of legal framework are needed to achieve success? What are the necessary national/international standards and enforcement? In short, what are the priorities for evidence to inform intervention in the context of UNEA 5.2? More broadly with regard to other forms of marine pollution, how best to link environmental evidence of impacts to effective solutions, in a timely manner? View the conference website See follow up article in Nature written by our Lisbon panellists outlining the evidence needs to inform the plastic treaty |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/whats-on/plastic-pollution-2022-un-ocean-conference-official-virtual-side... |
Description | UN Oceans Side event - Marine Debris Monitoring and Assessment: Recommendation for Monitoring Debris Trend in Marine Environment. Speaker - Citizen Science to Improve Global Plastic Monitoring |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | 2022 United Nations Ocean Conference Side Event Marine Debris Monitoring and Assessment: Recommendation for Monitoring Debris Trend in Marine Environment Organized by: Secretariat of the National Coordination Team for Marine Debris Handling of Indonesia and Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs and Investment of Indonesia Background on the event (one paragraph) Improvement of marine debris monitoring is urgently needed to enhance the quality and accuracy of the marine debris issue magnitude in our environment. Academia, research institutes, and governments have employed marine debris monitoring initiatives, with varied challenges, success stories, and lesson learned. These cases need to be shared and learned with each other to produce a robust marine debris monitoring framework and assessment. This side event, conducted on 29 June 2020, aimed to serve as a platform for relevant stakeholders to share and exchange knowledge and best practices on marine debris monitoring, and ultimately, mobilize partnerships with wider society and other relevant stakeholders to monitor the problem of marine plastic debris more effectively. This side event featured Nani Hendiarti (Deputy Minister for Environment and Forestry Coordination, Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs and Investment), Burkhard Hinz (Head of Urban Development and Mobility, KfW), Muhammad Reza Cordova (Researcher, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia), Prof. Richard Thompson (Director of the Marine Institute, University of Plymouth), Mattis Wolf (Researcher, Marine Perception Research Group, German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence), and Mana Kamakura (Section Chief, Office of Policies against Marine Plastics Pollution, Ministry of the Environment, Japan). |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://sdgs.un.org/events/marine-debris-monitoring-and-assessment-recommendation-monitoring-debris-... |