Marine Spatial Planning Addressing Climate Effects (MSPACE)

Lead Research Organisation: University of Essex
Department Name: Government

Abstract

Building on a number of recent UK- and internationally funded initiatives, MSPACE is a highly integrated, multidisciplinary project conceptualised to drive forward the capability of the four UK nations in designing and implementing climate-smart marine spatial plans (MSP). This is a global ambition, as well one specific to the UK . MSPACE is underpinned by a vast catalogue of state-of-the-art marine climate change modelling projections for the environment, species and habitats, uniquely available to the consortium through existing expertise and partnerships, along with world leading modelling spatial meta-analysis methods. In MSPACE, we will use these methods, already tested in real life MSP development, and build on key partnerships with the UK policy and industry communities. By month 18 MSPACE will deliver a report on the vulnerabilities and opportunities that climate change presents to the near-term spatial management of the fisheries, aquaculture and marine conservation sectors across the UK Exclusive Economic Zone. This report will be delivered in liaison with the Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership (MCCIP) utilizing the latest MCCIP models for rapid delivery of evidence to support policy. Four carefully considered, contrasting real-life MSPs across the four nations of the UK will be used as case-studies throughout, enabling the application of the MSPACE tools to the complex and diverse national planning landscape. A detailed assessment of the needs and values of the planning stakeholder pools across the UK nations is also delivered early in MSPACE, and guides how climate change modelling analyses will be communicated through the project's planned stakeholder engagement activities, including economic scenario exploration and analyses. These products will feed into the main and final output of MSPACE: sets of case-study specific recommendations for the design of climate smart, economically viable and socially acceptable strategies that support sustainable co-uses of the marine environment, marine conservation, natural capital preservation and resource exploitation. Co-development of the recommendations, using surveys, multiple-criteria decision analyses and others methods with our case-study specific stakeholder pools, ensures they are relevant and responsive to the current and future priorities and needs of the regions covered by each plan, its stakeholders and governance structures. Lessons learnt from each case study will therefore be directly applicable to other MSPs in the same nation due to their specific tailoring. Significant potential for application of the overall lessons learned in MSPACE to the broader UK planning landscape, including MSPs for overseas territories, is ensured through the diversity of UK planning contexts explored in the project, and the consortium's strong links to key marine industries and marine planning communities. We have capitalised on these links since the conceptualisation of the project, and we will build on them through project delivery.
 
Description We have discovered that people in the fisheries and aquaculture and conservation sectors, as well as marine planners, have complex preferences that are not simply "more money" or "more fish". In fact, people care about preserving tradition and also people are resistant to change.
Exploitation Route The work is still underway and not ready to report on this yet.
Sectors Environment

Culture

Heritage

Museums and Collections

Retail

Transport

 
Description In sum, the stakeholder workshops yield the following information: When comparing an individual's opinions after the workshop to those before Participants are more likely to think social acceptability is important in the context of marine planning. Participants are more likely to feel they understand the likely impacts of climate change on fisheries, aquaculture, marine conservation, and renewables. Participants are more likely to feel they understand the likely impacts of climate change in their case area on species targeted by commercial fisheries, aquaculture potential, and species and habitats of conservation value. Participants are more likely to think marine plans should account for future marine conditions based on climate change scenarios. In detail: On a scale of 1-5, where 1 is 'not at all' and 5 is 'completely' how well do you understand the likely impacts of climate change for [your case] regarding3 items: Species targeted by commercial fisheries: understanding improved on average 0.51*** points (***p<0.01). Aquaculture potential: on average 0.48*** points improved Species and habitats of conservation value: on average 0.48*** points improved On a scale of 1-5, where 1 is 'not at all' and 5 is 'completely' how well would you say you understand the likely impacts for each of the following sectors Sector Average change in understanding Fishing 0.38*** Aquaculture 0.38*** Marine Conservation 0.39*** Tourism no difference Recreation no difference Transport no difference Shipping no difference Renewables 0.38*** Oil & Gas no difference n=29 ***p<0.01 On a scale of 1 - 5, where 1 is 'not at all' and 5 is 'completely' how concerned are you about the future of? Sector Average change in understanding Fishing 0.38*** Aquaculture 0.38*** Marine Conservation 0.39*** Tourism no difference Recreation no difference Transport no difference Shipping no difference Renewables 0.38*** Oil & Gas no difference n=29 ***p<0.01 On a scale of 1 - 5, where 1 is 'not at all' and 5 is 'completely' how concerned are you about the future of? Sector Average change in concern Fishing no change Aquaculture no change Marine Conservation no change n=29 ***p<0.01 We have four considerations that are relevant to marine planning. Please assign a score out of 100 for each consideration based on how important you personally consider it to be in the context of marine planning. Consideration Average change in score Marine plans are socially acceptable (i.e.  align with the values, needs, and aspirations of the community and stakeholders involved)  4.63** Marine plans are economically viable (i.e. account for potential impact on local economic structures, employment, value added)  no change Marine plans protect and enhance the environment  no change Marine plans account for future marine conditions based on climate change scenarios 7.03** n = 27; **p<0.05
First Year Of Impact 2023
Sector Environment
Impact Types Policy & public services

 
Description Design and analyse nation-wide survey on Attitudes toward marine environment
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
 
Description Named to the UK-NDC (UK National Decade Committee for the UN Decade of Ocean Science)
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
 
Description ECC Arts and Cultural Fund
Amount £29,903 (GBP)
Organisation Essex County Council 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 11/2022 
End 10/2023
 
Title Survey of marine values in England 
Description This survey was developed in conjunction with colleagues in Defra, and administered to a representative sample by Ipsos MORI. We purposely over-sampled coastal residents to ensure the ability to compare coastal to non-coastal residents. Although currently embargoed, the Defra team will release a report in due time. 
Type Of Material Physiological assessment or outcome measure 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact None yet. 
 
Title Mapping Governance Structures for Marine Spatial Planning in Fisheries, Conservation, and Aquaculture 
Description This work offers visual maps of the networks governing marine spatial planning in terms of fisheries, conservation, and aquaculture. We create one map for each sector for each of 4 devolved governments: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The maps have one unified legend that describes each stakeholder and its role in the governance. Data comes from 60 semi-structured interviews, policy documents, and direct observation, and will be updated by a short survey. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact None yet. 
 
Title Valuing the marine space for Marine Spatial Planning Addressing Climate Effects (MSPACE): stakeholder interviews 
Description This dataset contains the anonymised text of 80 interviews with stakeholders in the fisheries, conservation, and aquaculture sectors. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact None clear yet. 
 
Description Attitude toward the marine environment in England 
Organisation Department For Environment, Food And Rural Affairs (DEFRA)
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution Design survey and experiment. Help revise reports.
Collaborator Contribution Funded survey administration, including pilot that tested experimental design. Principal liaison with Ipsos MORI survey agency.
Impact Defra survey/report on attitudes toward the marine environment (not yet released to the public).
Start Year 2022
 
Description ICES Working Group on Marine Planning and Coastal Zone Management 
Organisation Australian National University (ANU)
Country Australia 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Working on a series of papers about the social aspects of Marine Spatial Planning. I developed the methodology for comparing the social asspects of marine spatial plans across countries.
Collaborator Contribution Co-designing coding scheme, collecting data, implementing coding scheme, planning and drafting manuscripts.
Impact Multidisciplinary - public administration/management, geography, planning, economics, political science ICES Annual Science Conference poster presented
Start Year 2021
 
Description ICES Working Group on Marine Planning and Coastal Zone Management 
Organisation Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Centre for Materials and Coastal Research
Country Germany 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution Working on a series of papers about the social aspects of Marine Spatial Planning. I developed the methodology for comparing the social asspects of marine spatial plans across countries.
Collaborator Contribution Co-designing coding scheme, collecting data, implementing coding scheme, planning and drafting manuscripts.
Impact Multidisciplinary - public administration/management, geography, planning, economics, political science ICES Annual Science Conference poster presented
Start Year 2021
 
Description ICES Working Group on Marine Planning and Coastal Zone Management 
Organisation NOFIMA Ås
Country Norway 
Sector Private 
PI Contribution Working on a series of papers about the social aspects of Marine Spatial Planning. I developed the methodology for comparing the social asspects of marine spatial plans across countries.
Collaborator Contribution Co-designing coding scheme, collecting data, implementing coding scheme, planning and drafting manuscripts.
Impact Multidisciplinary - public administration/management, geography, planning, economics, political science ICES Annual Science Conference poster presented
Start Year 2021
 
Description ICES Working Group on Marine Planning and Coastal Zone Management 
Organisation University of Salford
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Working on a series of papers about the social aspects of Marine Spatial Planning. I developed the methodology for comparing the social asspects of marine spatial plans across countries.
Collaborator Contribution Co-designing coding scheme, collecting data, implementing coding scheme, planning and drafting manuscripts.
Impact Multidisciplinary - public administration/management, geography, planning, economics, political science ICES Annual Science Conference poster presented
Start Year 2021
 
Description Case-study meetings 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Case-study meetings and workshops: 11/2021, 2/2022, 4/2022, 6/2022; new set of workshops planned for 2023 summer
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021,2022
 
Description Event to evaluate impact on marine values 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Dr. Gina Yannitell Reinhardt (WP2 lead) engaged with the seafront community of Jaywick in a community art project evaluating impact on marine values.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Event to evaluate impact on marine values 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Dr. Gina Yannitell Reinhardt (WP2 lead) engaging with the seafront community of Jaywick in a community art project evaluating impact on marine values.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022,2023
URL https://www.explore-essex.com/whats-on/arkade-at-jaywick-martello-tower
 
Description First meeting of the UK National Ocean Decade Committee 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Dr. Gina Reinhard (WP2 lead) and Dr. Matt Frost (Steering Committee Chair) are part of the committee to help promote and enable the development and delivery of transformational science that delivers the societal outcomes of the UN Ocean Decade.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://projects.noc.ac.uk/iwg/decade-undos#:~:text=The%20IWG%2C%20endorsed%20by%20the%20MSCC%2C%20h...
 
Description ICES Working Group on Marine Planning and Coastal Zone Management 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact PI Queirós attended several meetings of the ICES Working Group on Marine Planning and Coastal Zone Management, within which she is the climate change ToR lead (WP1). This engagement seeks to ensure MSPACE is at the cutting edge of R&D when it comes to climate-smart MSP design, and that we are also learning and partaking in national and international efforts to that end. The Working Group includes several marine planning authorities and other practitioners. MSPACE's Dr Liz Talbot, Dr Océane Marcone and Prof Gina Yannitel-Reinhardt also attended the Working Group workshop on 'The social impacts of marine spatial planning' (T4.2).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021,2022
 
Description Interview for University of Essex Research & Enterprise Newsletter 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact The newsletter is circulated to members of the University of Essex community and focuses on research successes, including new research projects. The letter goes out to approximately 2000 email addresses, and follow-up contacts include people asking to discuss the research, my experience with the research process, and general ideas about engaging with the community.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description MSPACE Presentation at SMMR SAG Meeting (10th October 2022) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Supporters
Results and Impact PI Queiros presented MSPACE complete project at the periodic SMMR SAG meeting (10th October 2022) having received positive feedback.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description MSPACE Presentation at SMMR SAG Meeting (2022, 2023) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Supporters
Results and Impact PI Queiros presented MSPACE complete project at the periodic SMMR SAG meeting in 2022 and 2023. Co-I Reinhardt asked to accompany and answer questions.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description MSPACE Stakeholder Workshops 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact From June-November 2023, we hosted stakeholder workshops for the case study regions of East of England (Offshore), Northern Ireland, Scotland (Orkney Islands), and Wales. Participants were invited from the stakeholder groups in each location, and included marine planners and regulators, as well as people who work in and represent the fisheries and aquaculture sectors and conservation activities. Attendance varied across workshops, with 9 participants in Orkney, 22 in Northern Ireland, 27 in East of England, and 18 in Wales.

For Wales, the workshop was broken into two separate online sessions; all other workshops were held in person, with some participants also online. The first in-person workshop was hosted in Stromness, Orkney (June 2023), followed by Belfast, Northern Ireland (September 2023), and finally York, England (September 2023). Each in-person workshop lasted one day, with presentations in the morning and interactive sessions in the afternoon. In the morning sessions, the MSPACE team presented their research work and findings, with the objective of sharing project outputs and soliciting feedback regarding its usefulness. Participants asked questions and contributed their reactions to the information, including advice on how to make it as useful as possible to stakeholders. In the afternoons, participants were broken into groups to discuss issues such as the trade-offs involved in marine planning and plan implementation, opportunities and fears associated with the planning process, and priorities of the different sectors with respect to marine planning.

We asked questions about opinions regarding climate smart marine planning, which participants responded to both before and after the workshops (beginning and end). We analysed these for changes and found statistically significant improvements in understanding among participants in relation to our key areas of interest: social acceptability, fisheries, aquaculture, and conservation of species.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description MSPACE Stakeholders session in annual meeting 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Stakeholder session held during MSPACE annual meeting in London (24-26th of February, 2023), included representatives and talks from DEFRA, Orsted, fishing industry, aquaculture sector, and NGOs.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description MSPACE Stakeholders session in annual meeting 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Stakeholder session held during MSPACE annual meeting in London (24-26th of February, 2023), included representatives and talks from DEFRA, Orsted, fishing industry, aquaculture sector, and NGOs.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description MSPACE Twitter account 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Twitter account that will share the latest news and outputs from the project as well as from the wider SMMR programme and the field of Marine Spatial Planning. The account is available to all project Work Package Leaders who have signed up to the MSPACE social media policy and can be used to engage with potential beneficiaries to help maximise opportunities for lasting impact.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://twitter.com/MSPACE_UK
 
Description MSPACE project page 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact A project page that will updated with the latest news and outputs from the project and wider SMMR programme.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://pml.ac.uk/Science/Projects/MSPACE-Marine-Spatial-Planning-Addressing-Climate
 
Description SMMR Conference 2022 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact Participation of multiple MSPACE staff in SMMR transdisciplinary conference, with the aim of promoting and communicating research and policy excellence
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://www.smmr.org.uk/conference/
 
Description Talk on "Ways of Working" in MSPACE 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Dr. Gina Yannitell Reinhardt spoke about ways of working in MSPACE at the UK-NDC Kick-off meeting on September 2022.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description WP2 expert workshop 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact WP2 expert workshops delivered: SMMR Annual Conference (5/2022, Bristol). Initial MSP stakeholder values and preferences data collected
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description WP2 expert workshop 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact WP2 expert workshops delivered: SMMR Annual Conference (5/2022, Bristol). Initial MSP stakeholder values and preferences data collected
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Workshop to design survey of marine values with Defra 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Dr. Gina Yannitel Reinhardt & other MSPACE staff worked along with DEFRA staff to design a survey of marine values as part of the project WP4
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Workshop to help understand the values, preferences and constraints of stakeholders involved in the Marine Planning Process 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Industry/Business
Results and Impact Workshop to help understand the values, preferences and constraints of stakeholders involved in the Marine planning Process
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022