Predicting Secular Changes in Arsenic Hazard in Circum-Himalyan Groundwaters

Lead Research Organisation: University of Manchester
Department Name: Earth Atmospheric and Env Sciences

Abstract

Over 100 million people drink groundwaters containing naturally occurring arsenic (As) higher than the WHO guide value (10 ppb). In Bangladesh alone, 20% of all deaths in impacted areas are attributable to such exposure (ARGOS, 2010) - this corresponds to about 30,000 premature deaths every year.

Studies provide evidence for both in-aquifer and near-surface sediment As sources. ISLAM (2004) demonstrated that As release occurs from within the aquifer sediments & highlighted the importance of organic matter (OM) in this process. BENNER (2008) & POLIZZOTTO (2008) have suggested, instead, that As release mostly occur in near-surface sediments BEFORE entering the aquifer. Determining the relative importance and controls of As release from the near surface sediments (typically 5 m - 15 m depth) from that which occurs within the aquifer, as well as assessing the various controls on As once in solution, are critical if we are to develop the required process oriented understanding of As mobility in drinking water supplies.

Identifying study areas that reveal these processes is hard. For example, massive groundwater abstraction in the densely populated areas of West Bengal and Bangladesh has resulted in a complex subsurface hydrological environment which makes tracking As release mechanisms almost impossible. However, the absence of such extensive abstraction in As-rich aquifers of Cambodia means that this subsurface hydrological environment remains largely unaltered. Recent work by project partners (Stanford) means that a representative high As area has been identified and the hydrogeology established - but not on a scale or with the geochemical techniques required to establish a full understanding.

We will drill 77 new and relatively inexpensive boreholes at the Cambodian site after using geophysics (supplied by our BGS partner) to determine the best locations. These new wells will allow us to collect samples across established As hotspots at a scale over which the As release process must be operating. Three well nests will sample an oxbow lake overlying an As contaminated aquifer, a sand 'window' through the overlying clay sediments and a control through the clay sediment overlying the As contaminated main aquifer. Two further well sequences will allow sampling of the main aquifer along its flow path. A 5-20m tube-well separation represents ~5-250 years of aquifer chemical evolution. Our Cambodian partners at RUPP & RDI will give local logistic support.

We have been working closely our NERC Radiocarbon Lab partner. We show within our proposal that 14-C dating of organic matter in sediments and of dissolved inorganic and organic carbon in groundwaters provides a profound technique for identifying organic matter sources, central to resolving As release mechanisms. Similarly, pilot work withour NERC stable isotope facility partner has shown the utility of applying delta-18O and delta-D data to quantify surface water input into the main aquifer. Both of these approaches, combined with Manchester anion, cation and inorganic assay of sediments as well as tritium and 4-He techniques to date any young water input or ancient fluid contribution, will provide a fully comprehensive geochemical approach. With the high spatial resolution of sampling we expect this approach to make a major contribution in: i) quantifying the flux of As on a spatial scale alongside secular changes in As hazard from these two potential As sources; ii) identifying the dominant source of OM responsible for driving As release from these locations; and iii) identifying the controlling processes and mechanisms responsible for As release in these profiles. Together this understanding will enable the development of a quantitative model with predictive capacity that will inform governmental agencies responsible for drinking water and irrigation supplies to assess how continuation of, or changing, water use practice will impact future water supply As risks.

Planned Impact

Beside academic researchers (see academic beneficiaries), the research outcomes will be of interest to:

[1] Groundwater resource stakeholders: government organisations & NGOs who have responsibilities, authority and/or interests in protecting public health in the regions impacted should have interests in the research - particularly as it informs predictions of secular increases in groundwater arsenic hazard - proper and informed utilization of well communicated relevant project outcomes may ultimately benefit millions of people

[2] In addition, we recognize a responsibility to undertake broader range outreach to inform, educate and involve a wider spectrum of society, particularly in regions impacted by groundwater arsenic

We will use a range of activities tailored to best effectively impact the different major target groups:

[1] Groundwater resource stakeholders

a. We will email/write to key stakeholders, particularly in Cambodia, Vietnam, India, Bangladesh & China, with lay summaries of our key findings

b. We will make further personal contacts with key government & NGO officers & through a short workshop in Phnom Penh, Cambodia in the final year of the project to highlight key relevant findings

For these activities we will build upon networking links &collaborations established through the AquaTRAIN MRTN (pan European), EU Asia-Link CALIBRE (SE Asia) and UKIERI PRAMA (India) networks all coordinated by the PI. Key stakeholder representatives engaged in our UKIERI PRAMA workshops have included the Chair, Government of West Bengal (GoWB) Arsenic Task Force and the Chief Engineer of the GoWB PHED (Public Health Engineering Directorate), responsible for implementing the substantial part of a £300,000,000 arsenic mitigation programme in that state. Our EU Asia-Link CALIBRE workshops in Phnom Penh & Vientiane have to date delivered CPD training to over 50 environmental professionals from a wide variety of government organisations and NGOs in Cambodia & Lao PDR respectively.

[2] General public - in groundwater arsenic impacted regions & in UK

a. Website, as above but with content specifically targeted at non-science readers. The key components will be to give a description of our approach, the methods used and the results obtained in a user-friendly and accessible way. All educational material as a result of other activities, such as the workshop, our UK outreach programme and the video (see below), will be made freely available through this website.

b. Press releases: Key research results will be communicated in lay terms through press releases via the University Press Office (after, as appropriate, liaising with the NERC press office) and through other media, including TV and radio. Our work on arsenic biogeochemistry (and also on CO2 sequestration) has already attracted considerable media attention over the last 5 years, with many newspaper and web articles as well as radio interviews, including recently in the France equivalent of New Scientist, Pour Le Science (Millot, Charlet & Polya, 2011)

c. Cambodia Outreach, we will engage in Outreach Activities, in collaboration with the our NGO partner RDI who have a long and successful track record of such engagement at national, provincial and local levels. This will build upon activities already undertaken as part of the EU Asia-Link CALIBRE Project, to which RDI was an Associate Partner. Specifically we will assist in the production of a video that can be used in these activities and in the support in activities piggy-backing on RDI's existing programme of outreach to arsenic-impacted villages.

d. UK Outreach: We will participate in public events, including the University of Manchester Science Showcase week, open programme lecturing at The Manchester Museum and/or assisting in running workshops on public engagement in Science. We are currently collaborating with the UK Health Protection Agency on public exposures to arsenic in SW England.

Publications

10 25 50

 
Description We have:
[1] Characterised, using electrical methods and borehole logging, the sequence of lithologies present in groundwater arsenic impacted in Kandal province, Cambodia
[2] Drilled around 50 shallow boreholes to enable more detailed geochemical characterisation of aquifer sediments and to enable subsequent sampling of groundwaters
[3] Sampled groundwaters from a series of 2-D transects aimed at enabling the geochemical changes associated with the recharge of surface waters into shallow arsenic-prone aquifers to be determined
[4] Obtained and lodged with NERC geochemical, isotopic, noble gas and radiocarbon analyses of these waters;
[5] Obtained tritium data which is supportive of one key research hypothesis that there are high permeability clay windows present in the field area, enabling relatively rapid recharge of surface-derived waters.
[6] Demonstrated that arsenic mobilisation in the study area (and which might be more broadly representative of many south/south-east Asian aquifer systems) has taken place both in the near-surface and deeper within the main exploited aquifers
[7] Provided further evidence that surface-derived organics are infiltrating arsenic-prone shallow aquifers, ;potentially leading to accelerated mobilisation of arsenic.
Exploitation Route [1] The results suggesting the role of surface-derived organics in enhanced mobility of arsenic in groundwater may be sued by those managing or regulating exploitation of such aquifers for irrigation purposes
[2] The findings cited by the International Water Association's "Best Practice Guide for the Control of Arsenic in Drinking Water" and the citation of that guidebook (co-edited by project PI, Prof DA Polya) by the WHO/UNICEF "Arsenic Primer (2018) will influence best practice for stakeholders (users, regulators, technology-providers) in the water sector.
Sectors Agriculture

Food and Drink

Environment

Government

Democracy and Justice

 
Description Publication of the research findings is in progress and we anticipate that the most substantial impacts of the projects may be some years after end of the funded project period. During the project period, impact are thought to have arisen from the inclusion of research materials in (I) guidance to landowners, who have given permission for research boreholes to be drilled on their land; and (ii) guidance to environmental professionals in Cambodia, particularly through a project Outreach event held in Phnom Penh in December 2014 & December 2015. Aspects of this work were also included in events organised by the PI as part of Manchester Policy Week 2014 and of Manchester Policy Week 2015. Project findings have been cited widely in the International Water Associations "Best Practice Guide for the Control of Arsenic in Drinking Water" (of which project PI is a co-editor and co-contributor of over 5 chapters) which is also cited in the draft updated WHO/UNICEF "Arsenic Primer" Partly as a result of these findings and the work behind them, Project PI, Prof Polya, has recently (2018) been appointed as an Advisor to the Bihar State Pollution Control Board.
First Year Of Impact 2014
Sector Environment,Government, Democracy and Justice
Impact Types Societal

Policy & public services

 
Description EPSRC Global Challenges Research Fund
Amount £44,250 (GBP)
Funding ID IS 2016 
Organisation Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 08/2016 
End 02/2017
 
Description EPSRC Improving Diversity Award
Amount £3,600 (GBP)
Organisation Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 12/2016 
End 03/2017
 
Description Early Career Fellowship - Richards
Amount £90,000 (GBP)
Funding ID ECF-2015-657 
Organisation The Leverhulme Trust 
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country United Kingdom
Start 02/2016 
End 01/2019
 
Description Future Secular Changes & Remediation of Groundwater Arsenic in the Ganga River Basin
Amount £456,746 (GBP)
Funding ID NE/R003386/1 
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 01/2018 
End 01/2022
 
Description Geochemical Controls on the Efficiency of Remediation Technologies for Arsenic, Fluoride & Emerging Contaminants in South Asian Groundwaters (GeoCERT)
Amount £99,511 (GBP)
Funding ID NE/X010813/1 
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 11/2022 
End 05/2023
 
Description High Resolution Isotopic Tracing of Secular Changes in Arsenic Hazard in Circum-Himalayan Groundwaters
Amount £34,500 (GBP)
Funding ID IP-1505-1114 
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council 
Department NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory
Sector Academic/University
Country United Kingdom
Start 01/2014 
End 06/2015
 
Description Isotopic Tracing of Ground-Surface Water Interactions in Arsenic-Prone Cambodian Aquifers
Amount £47,360 (GBP)
Funding ID 1835.0714 
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council 
Department NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory
Sector Academic/University
Country United Kingdom
Start 08/2015 
End 01/2016
 
Description Isotopic Tracing of Sedimentary Organic Carbon in Arsenic-Prone Cambodian Aquifers
Amount £10,250 (GBP)
Funding ID 1814.0414 
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council 
Department NERC Radiocarbon Facility (Environment)
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country United Kingdom
Start 01/2014 
End 01/2016
 
Description Monsoonal Patterns in Ground-Surface Water Interactions in Arsenic-Prone Cambodian Aquifers
Amount £26,400 (GBP)
Funding ID 1906.0415 
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council 
Department NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory
Sector Academic/University
Country United Kingdom
Start 01/2015 
End 01/2016
 
Description NERC QUOTA PhD STUDENTSHIP - MAGNONE
Amount £60,000 (GBP)
Funding ID MR DANIEL MAGNONE 
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 08/2013 
End 09/2016
 
Description Newton HEFCE Travel Fund
Amount £2,000 (GBP)
Organisation Newton Fund 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 03/2017 
End 03/2017
 
Description PRESIDENTS DOCTORAL SCHOLARSHIP
Amount £3,000 (GBP)
Funding ID SCHOLARSHIP FOR MR DANIEL MAGNONE 
Organisation University of Manchester 
Sector Academic/University
Country United Kingdom
Start 08/2013 
End 09/2016
 
Description Provenancing dissolved constituents of arsenic-prone Cambodian groundwaters using 87Sr/86Sr for quantitative corrections of 14C DIC measurements
Amount £9,520 (GBP)
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council 
Department NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory
Sector Academic/University
Country United Kingdom
Start 01/2015 
End 01/2016
 
Description UK-SE Asia Knowledge Partnership - Collaborative Development Awards - Richards
Amount £2,000 (GBP)
Organisation British Council 
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country United Kingdom
Start 11/2014 
End 03/2015
 
Title APSIMM (A priori Strontium Isotope Mixing Model) 
Description APSIMM apportions the relative proportions of a given dissolved component that comes from a given a source (eg silicate rock, carbonate rock, seawater, rainwater, anthropogenic source etc) using the strontium isotope ratio. The model has been written in R programming language and works of three functions: one for plotting data, one for calculating the results and one for ease of use. The model is particularly useful for correcting radiocarbon dates of dissolved inorganic carbon and could be useful in a range of environmental fields including the study of geogenic arsenic, study of radioactive waste disposal and the study of global climate change relating to the Raymo hypothesis. 
Type Of Material Computer model/algorithm 
Year Produced 2016 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact This model will be first be published using our data set and then released as an open source package in R for general use by the research community. 
 
Title Isotopic data of Cambodian Pre/Post Monsoon groundwater data 
Description Data set including: Radiocarbon dates (DIC, DOC), stable isotopes (O, D) and other tracers (tritium) 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2018 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact >Richards, L.A., Magnone, D., Boyce, A.J., Casanueva-Marenco, M.J., van Dongen, B.E., Ballentine, C.J. and Polya, D.A., 2018. Delineating sources of groundwater recharge in an arsenic-affected Holocene aquifer in Cambodia using stable isotope-based mixing models. Journal of Hydrology, 557, pp.321-334. >Richards, L.A., Sültenfuß, J., Ballentine, C.J., Magnone, D., van Dongen, B.E., Sovann, C. and Polya, D.A., 2017. Tritium tracers of rapid surface water ingression into arsenic-bearing aquifers in the Lower Mekong Basin, Cambodia. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 17, pp.845-848. 
URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169417308302
 
Title Organic composition of sediments in an arsenic contaminated aquifer Cambodia 
Description Measurement of the lipid composition of sedimentary organic material (SOM) to provenance the origin of the SOM. 25 samples. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2017 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Magnone, D., Richards, L.A., Polya, D.A., Bryant, C., Jones, M. and van Dongen, B.E., 2017. Biomarker-indicated extent of oxidation of plant-derived organic carbon (OC) in relation to geomorphology in an arsenic contaminated Holocene aquifer, Cambodia. Scientific reports, 7(1), p.13093. 
URL https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-13354-8
 
Title Post-Monsoon groundwater data of an arsenic contaminated aquifer in Cambodia 
Description A geochemical dataset of the major and trace elements, DOC, EEM, pH, ORP, DO,conductivity, radiocarbon dates, oxygen and deuterium isotopes values, 87Sr/86Sr, noble gas and tritium dating of the groundwater of in Kandal Province, Cambodia measured after the monsoon. 57 samples divided over 3 transects. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2017 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact >Richards, L.A., Magnone, D., Sovann, C., Kong, C., Uhlemann, S., Kuras, O., van Dongen, B.E., Ballentine, C.J. and Polya, D.A., 2017. High resolution profile of inorganic aqueous geochemistry and key redox zones in an arsenic bearing aquifer in Cambodia. Science of the Total Environment, 590, pp.540-553. >Richards, L.A., Magnone, D., van Dongen, B.E., Ballentine, C.J. and Polya, D.A., 2015. Use of lithium tracers to quantify drilling fluid contamination for groundwater monitoring in Southeast Asia. Applied Geochemistry, 63, pp.190-202. 
URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969717304825
 
Title Pre-Monsoon groundwater data of an arsenic contaminated aquifer in Cambodia 
Description A geochemical dataset of the major and trace elements, DOC, EEM, pH, ORP, DO,conductivity, radiocarbon dates, oxygen and deuterium isotopes values, 87Sr/86Sr, noble gas and tritium dating of the groundwater of in Kandal Province, Cambodia measured before the monsoon. 45 samples divided over 3 transects. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2017 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact >Richards, L.A., Magnone, D., Sovann, C., Kong, C., Uhlemann, S., Kuras, O., van Dongen, B.E., Ballentine, C.J. and Polya, D.A., 2017. High resolution profile of inorganic aqueous geochemistry and key redox zones in an arsenic bearing aquifer in Cambodia. Science of the Total Environment, 590, pp.540-553. >Richards, L.A., Magnone, D., van Dongen, B.E., Ballentine, C.J. and Polya, D.A., 2015. Use of lithium tracers to quantify drilling fluid contamination for groundwater monitoring in Southeast Asia. Applied Geochemistry, 63, pp.190-202. 
URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969717304825
 
Title The chemical composition of sediments of an arsenic contaminated aquifer in Cambodia 
Description A dataset outlining the major and trace elements in the sediments of an arsenic contaminated aquifer in Cambodia. Measured using XRF and carbon and nitrogen. 99 samples over 3 transects. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2016 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact Oral Presentations Given Magnone, D., Richards, L.A., Bryant, C., Polya, D.A., and van Dongen, B.E., "Characterisation of sedimentary organic matter in an arsenic contaminated aquifer, Cambodia". British Organic Geochemistry Society annual conference (2016) - Award the Archie Douglas Prize for best oral presentation. In preparation Magnone, D., Richards, L.A., Polya, D.A., Bryant, C., and van Dongen, B.E., [target winter 2017]. The C/N paradox: why thermally mature organic material can have a low C/N. [(Target) Notes to Organic Geochemistry] - In Prep. 
 
Description BGS - KEYWORTH - GTOM 
Organisation British Geological Survey
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Our team contributed facilities, intellectual input to joint proposals and research projects as well as samples.
Collaborator Contribution BGS Keyworth has contributed facilities, intellectual input to joint proposals and research projects as well as electrical resistivity surveys..
Impact In preparation
Start Year 2012
 
Description BGS - WALLINGFORD 
Organisation British Geological Survey
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Our team contributed facilities, intellectual input to joint proposals and research projects as well as samples.
Collaborator Contribution BGS Wallingford is contributing loan of equipment, intellectual input into collaborative research project.
Impact In progress.
Start Year 2014
 
Description Bremen 
Organisation University of Bremen
Country Germany 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Grant writing, scientific design, sample collection, context, intellectual contribution
Collaborator Contribution Analysis and interpretation of tritium and noble gas data, intellectual contribution
Impact in progress
Start Year 2014
 
Description Fieldwork Partners 
Organisation Resource Development International - Cambodia (RDI)
Country Cambodia 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution Organising, planning and funding fieldwork for the research project.
Collaborator Contribution Facilitating research in Cambodia, helping negotiate land use, providing field assistants and local knowledge.
Impact Fieldwork provided samples for all data sets (sedimentary and water) have come out of this collaboration. The following publications have been written using this data set. Key papers: >Richards, L.A., Magnone, D., Boyce, A.J., Casanueva-Marenco, M.J., van Dongen, B.E., Ballentine, C.J. and Polya, D.A., 2018. Delineating sources of groundwater recharge in an arsenic-affected Holocene aquifer in Cambodia using stable isotope-based mixing models. Journal of Hydrology, 557, pp.321-334. >Magnone, D., Richards, L.A., Polya, D.A., Bryant, C., Jones, M. and van Dongen, B.E., 2017. Biomarker-indicated extent of oxidation of plant-derived organic carbon (OC) in relation to geomorphology in an arsenic contaminated Holocene aquifer, Cambodia. Scientific reports, 7(1), p.13093. >Richards, L.A., Magnone, D., Sovann, C., Kong, C., Uhlemann, S., Kuras, O., van Dongen, B.E., Ballentine, C.J. and Polya, D.A., 2017. High resolution profile of inorganic aqueous geochemistry and key redox zones in an arsenic bearing aquifer in Cambodia. Science of the Total Environment, 590, pp.540-553. >Richards, L.A., Magnone, D., van Dongen, B.E., Ballentine, C.J. and Polya, D.A., 2015. Use of lithium tracers to quantify drilling fluid contamination for groundwater monitoring in Southeast Asia. Applied Geochemistry, 63, pp.190-202. Book chapters: >Polya, D.A., Richards, L.A., Al Bualy, A.A.N., Sovann, C., Magnone, D. and Lythgoe, P.R., 2017. Chapter A14. Best Practice Guide on the Control of Arsenic in Drinking Water, p.247. Conference Proceedings: >Richards, L.A., Sültenfuß, J., Ballentine, C.J., Magnone, D., van Dongen, B.E., Sovann, C. and Polya, D.A., 2017. Tritium tracers of rapid surface water ingression into arsenic-bearing aquifers in the Lower Mekong Basin, Cambodia. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 17, pp.845-848. >Casanueva-Marenco, M.J., Magnone, D., Richards, L.A. and Polya, D.A., 2016, June. Selective chemical extractions of Cambodian aquifer sediments-evidence for sorption processes controlling groundwater arsenic. In Arsenic Research and Global Sustainability: Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment (As2016), June 19-23, 2016, Stockholm, Sweden (p. 76). CRC Press. >Richards, L.A., Sültenfuß, J., Magnone, D., Boyce, A., Sovann, C., Casanueva-Marenco, M.J., Ballentine, C.J., Van Dongen, B.E. and Polya, D.A., 2016, June. Age and provenance of groundwater in a shallow arsenic-affected aquifer in the lower Mekong Basin, Kandal Province, Cambodia. In Arsenic Research and Global Sustainability: Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment (As2016), June 19-23, 2016, Stockholm, Sweden (p. 74). CRC Press. >Richards, L.A., Magnone, D., Van Dongen, B., Bryant, C., Boyce, A., Ballentine, C.J. and Polya, D.A., 2015, December. Seasonal Influences on Ground-Surface Water Interactions in an Arsenic-Affected Aquifer in Cambodia. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts.
Start Year 2014
 
Description Fieldwork Partners 
Organisation Royal University of Phnom Penh
Country Cambodia 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Organising, planning and funding fieldwork for the research project.
Collaborator Contribution Facilitating research in Cambodia, helping negotiate land use, providing field assistants and local knowledge.
Impact Fieldwork provided samples for all data sets (sedimentary and water) have come out of this collaboration. The following publications have been written using this data set. Key papers: >Richards, L.A., Magnone, D., Boyce, A.J., Casanueva-Marenco, M.J., van Dongen, B.E., Ballentine, C.J. and Polya, D.A., 2018. Delineating sources of groundwater recharge in an arsenic-affected Holocene aquifer in Cambodia using stable isotope-based mixing models. Journal of Hydrology, 557, pp.321-334. >Magnone, D., Richards, L.A., Polya, D.A., Bryant, C., Jones, M. and van Dongen, B.E., 2017. Biomarker-indicated extent of oxidation of plant-derived organic carbon (OC) in relation to geomorphology in an arsenic contaminated Holocene aquifer, Cambodia. Scientific reports, 7(1), p.13093. >Richards, L.A., Magnone, D., Sovann, C., Kong, C., Uhlemann, S., Kuras, O., van Dongen, B.E., Ballentine, C.J. and Polya, D.A., 2017. High resolution profile of inorganic aqueous geochemistry and key redox zones in an arsenic bearing aquifer in Cambodia. Science of the Total Environment, 590, pp.540-553. >Richards, L.A., Magnone, D., van Dongen, B.E., Ballentine, C.J. and Polya, D.A., 2015. Use of lithium tracers to quantify drilling fluid contamination for groundwater monitoring in Southeast Asia. Applied Geochemistry, 63, pp.190-202. Book chapters: >Polya, D.A., Richards, L.A., Al Bualy, A.A.N., Sovann, C., Magnone, D. and Lythgoe, P.R., 2017. Chapter A14. Best Practice Guide on the Control of Arsenic in Drinking Water, p.247. Conference Proceedings: >Richards, L.A., Sültenfuß, J., Ballentine, C.J., Magnone, D., van Dongen, B.E., Sovann, C. and Polya, D.A., 2017. Tritium tracers of rapid surface water ingression into arsenic-bearing aquifers in the Lower Mekong Basin, Cambodia. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 17, pp.845-848. >Casanueva-Marenco, M.J., Magnone, D., Richards, L.A. and Polya, D.A., 2016, June. Selective chemical extractions of Cambodian aquifer sediments-evidence for sorption processes controlling groundwater arsenic. In Arsenic Research and Global Sustainability: Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment (As2016), June 19-23, 2016, Stockholm, Sweden (p. 76). CRC Press. >Richards, L.A., Sültenfuß, J., Magnone, D., Boyce, A., Sovann, C., Casanueva-Marenco, M.J., Ballentine, C.J., Van Dongen, B.E. and Polya, D.A., 2016, June. Age and provenance of groundwater in a shallow arsenic-affected aquifer in the lower Mekong Basin, Kandal Province, Cambodia. In Arsenic Research and Global Sustainability: Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment (As2016), June 19-23, 2016, Stockholm, Sweden (p. 74). CRC Press. >Richards, L.A., Magnone, D., Van Dongen, B., Bryant, C., Boyce, A., Ballentine, C.J. and Polya, D.A., 2015, December. Seasonal Influences on Ground-Surface Water Interactions in an Arsenic-Affected Aquifer in Cambodia. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts.
Start Year 2014
 
Description Fieldwork and field laboratory partners 
Organisation Resource Development International - Cambodia (RDI)
Country Cambodia 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution Designing, organising and funding all fieldwork and public outreach.
Collaborator Contribution Provision of local facilities including a field laboratory in order to undertake fieldwork.
Impact Fieldwork provided samples for all data sets (sedimentary and water) have come out of this collaboration. The following publications have been written using this data set. Key papers: >Richards, L.A., Magnone, D., Boyce, A.J., Casanueva-Marenco, M.J., van Dongen, B.E., Ballentine, C.J. and Polya, D.A., 2018. Delineating sources of groundwater recharge in an arsenic-affected Holocene aquifer in Cambodia using stable isotope-based mixing models. Journal of Hydrology, 557, pp.321-334. >Magnone, D., Richards, L.A., Polya, D.A., Bryant, C., Jones, M. and van Dongen, B.E., 2017. Biomarker-indicated extent of oxidation of plant-derived organic carbon (OC) in relation to geomorphology in an arsenic contaminated Holocene aquifer, Cambodia. Scientific reports, 7(1), p.13093. >Richards, L.A., Magnone, D., Sovann, C., Kong, C., Uhlemann, S., Kuras, O., van Dongen, B.E., Ballentine, C.J. and Polya, D.A., 2017. High resolution profile of inorganic aqueous geochemistry and key redox zones in an arsenic bearing aquifer in Cambodia. Science of the Total Environment, 590, pp.540-553. >Richards, L.A., Magnone, D., van Dongen, B.E., Ballentine, C.J. and Polya, D.A., 2015. Use of lithium tracers to quantify drilling fluid contamination for groundwater monitoring in Southeast Asia. Applied Geochemistry, 63, pp.190-202. Book chapters: >Polya, D.A., Richards, L.A., Al Bualy, A.A.N., Sovann, C., Magnone, D. and Lythgoe, P.R., 2017. Chapter A14. Best Practice Guide on the Control of Arsenic in Drinking Water, p.247. Conference Proceedings: >Richards, L.A., Sültenfuß, J., Ballentine, C.J., Magnone, D., van Dongen, B.E., Sovann, C. and Polya, D.A., 2017. Tritium tracers of rapid surface water ingression into arsenic-bearing aquifers in the Lower Mekong Basin, Cambodia. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 17, pp.845-848. >Casanueva-Marenco, M.J., Magnone, D., Richards, L.A. and Polya, D.A., 2016, June. Selective chemical extractions of Cambodian aquifer sediments-evidence for sorption processes controlling groundwater arsenic. In Arsenic Research and Global Sustainability: Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment (As2016), June 19-23, 2016, Stockholm, Sweden (p. 76). CRC Press. >Richards, L.A., Sültenfuß, J., Magnone, D., Boyce, A., Sovann, C., Casanueva-Marenco, M.J., Ballentine, C.J., Van Dongen, B.E. and Polya, D.A., 2016, June. Age and provenance of groundwater in a shallow arsenic-affected aquifer in the lower Mekong Basin, Kandal Province, Cambodia. In Arsenic Research and Global Sustainability: Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment (As2016), June 19-23, 2016, Stockholm, Sweden (p. 74). CRC Press. >Richards, L.A., Magnone, D., Van Dongen, B., Bryant, C., Boyce, A., Ballentine, C.J. and Polya, D.A., 2015, December. Seasonal Influences on Ground-Surface Water Interactions in an Arsenic-Affected Aquifer in Cambodia. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts.
Start Year 2014
 
Description Lancaster 
Organisation Lancaster University
Department Department of Geography
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Scientific design, intellectual input, field access & management
Collaborator Contribution New complementary analysis, intellectual input
Impact in progress
Start Year 2014
 
Description NERC RADIOCARBON LABORATORY 
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council
Department NERC Radiocarbon Facility (Environment)
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution Our team contributed facilities, intellectual input to joint proposals and research projects as well as samples.
Collaborator Contribution NERC RCL has provided intellectual input into proposals and research ;projects, training and sample analysis.
Impact Lawson M., Polya , D.A., Boyce, A.J., Bryant, C., Mondal, D., Shantz, A. and Ballentine, C.J. (2013) Pond-Derived Organic Carbon Driving Changes in Arsenic Hazard Found in Asian Groundwaters. Environmental Science and Technology. 47(13): 7085-7094 Van Dongen, B.E., Rowland, H.A.L., Gault, A.G., Polya, D.A., Bryant, C.L. and Pancost, R.D. (2008) Organic matter sources in shallow reducing arsenic-bearing aquifer sediments from Cambodia and West Bengal. Applied Geochemistry, 23, 3047-2058.
 
Description RDI CAMBODIA 
Organisation Resource Development International - Cambodia (RDI)
Country Cambodia 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution Knowledge transfer, some contribution to outreach & training of local staff.
Collaborator Contribution Logistical support in field areas in Cambodia; laboratory space and storage facilities. Contribution to research conferences; leading role in translating research outcomes from our team and others for Cambodia-based policy makers and the public at large. Notably by (the late) Micky Sampson; Andrew Shantz; and Lori Frees.
Impact Lawson M., Polya , D.A., Boyce, A.J., Bryant, C., Mondal, D., Shantz, A. and Ballentine, C.J. (2013) Pond-Derived Organic Carbon Driving Changes in Arsenic Hazard Found in Asian Groundwaters. Environmental Science and Technology. 47(13): 7085-7094 Gault, A.G., Rowland, H.A.L., Charnock, J.M., Wogelius, R.A., Gomez-Morilla, I., Vong, S., Samreth, S., Sampson, M.L. and Polya, D.A. (2008) Arsenic in hair and nails of individuals exposed to arsenic-rich groundwaters in Kandal Province, Cambodia. Science of the Total Environment; 393, 168-176. Polya, D.A., Gault, A.G., Diebe, N., Feldmann, P., Rosenboom, J.W., Gilligan, E., Fredericks, D., Milton, A.H., Sampson, M., Rowland, H.A.L., Lythgoe, P.R., Jones, J.C., Middleton, C. and Cooke, D.A. (2005) Arsenic hazard in shallow Cambodian groundwaters Mineralogical Magazine, 69, 807-823 Polya, D.A., Polizzotto, M.L., Fendorf, S., Rodriguez-Lado, L., Hegan, A., Lawson, M., Rowland, H.A.L., Giri, A.K., Mondal, D., Sovann, C., Al Lawati, W.M.M., van Dongen, B.E., Gilbert, P. and Shantz, A. (2010) Arsenic in Groundwaters of Cambodia in Irvine, K., Murphy, T., Vanchan, V. and Vermette, S. (Eds) Water Resources and Development in South-East Asia, SE Asia Centre, New York, pp. 31-56.
 
Description RUPP 
Organisation Royal University of Phnom Penh
Country Cambodia 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Our team contributed facilities, intellectual input to joint proposals and research projects as well as samples.
Collaborator Contribution RUPP contributed facilities, intellectual input to joint proposals and research projects as well as logistical support in the field.
Impact Sovann C and Polya DA (2014) Improved groundwater geogenic arsenic hazard map for Cambodia. Environmental Chemistry, published online. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/EN14006 Polya, D. , Mondal, D., Ganguli, B., Giri, A., Khattak., S., Phawadee, N. and Sovann, C. (2011) Geogenic arsenic in groundwaters and soils - re-evaluating exposure routes & risk assessment. Bhattacharya, P., Rosborg, I., Sandhi, A., Hayes, C. and Benoliel, M.J. (Eds) Metals and Related Substances in Drinking Water Proceedings of the 4th International Conference, METEAU, ISBN: 9781780400358, 233-238 Polya, D.A., Gault, A.G., Diebe, N., Feldmann, P., Rosenboom, J.W., Gilligan, E., Fredericks, D., Milton, A.H., Sampson, M., Rowland, H.A.L., Lythgoe, P.R., Jones, J.C., Middleton, C. and Cooke, D.A. (2005) Arsenic hazard in shallow Cambodian groundwaters Mineralogical Magazine, 69, 807-823
Start Year 2006
 
Description Radiocarbon water and sedimentary carbon 
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council
Department NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Collected water samples and sediment samples Wrote grant proposals for analytical funding Analysed data using OxCal software Wrote journal articles (4 in total including nature submission).
Collaborator Contribution Advised on sampling and preservation techniques Measured radiocarbon values. Feedback on grant proposals and journal articles.
Impact Journal Articles Magnone, D., Richards, L.A., Polya, D.A., Bryant, C., Jones, M. and van Dongen, B.E., 2017. Biomarker-indicated extent of oxidation of plant-derived organic carbon (OC) in relation to geomorphology in an arsenic contaminated Holocene aquifer, Cambodia. Scientific reports, 7(1), p.13093. Conference outputs Magnone, D., Richards, L.A., Bryant, C., Polya, D.A., and van Dongen, B.E., "Characterisation of sedimentary organic matter in an arsenic contaminated aquifer, Cambodia". British Organic Geochemistry Society annual conference (2016) - Award the Archie Douglas Prize for best oral presentation. Richards, L.A., Magnone, D., van Dongen, B.E., Bryant, C., Boyce, A.J., Ballentine, C.J., and Polya, D.A., 2015, December. Seasonal Influences on Ground-Surface Water Interactions in an Arsenic-Affected Aquifer in Cambodia. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. Journal articles in preparation Richards, L.A., Magnone, D., Sültenfuß J., Bryant, C., Boyce, A.J., van Dongen, B.E., Ballentine, C.J., Sovann, C., Uhlemann, S., Oliver, K., and Polya, D.A., Dual In-Aquifer and Near Surface Processes Drive Arsenic Release in Asian Groundwaters. - In Prep. Magnone, D., Richards, L.A., Bryant, C., Evans, J., van Dongen, B.E. and Polya, D.A., [target spring 2018]. A new 14C correction model using 87Sr/86Sr to attribute the age of dissolved inorganic carbon from the degradation of organic material - application to a Holocene Aquifer, Cambodia. [(Target) Geochimica et Cosmichimica Acta] - In Prep. Magnone, D., Richards, L.A., Bryant, C., Evans, J., van Dongen, B.E. and Polya, D.A., [target autumn 2018]. High arsenic groundwater concentrations associated with pre-agricultural oxidised organic material in a Cambodian Aquifer. [(Target) Nature] - In Prep.
Start Year 2015
 
Description Radiocarbon water and sedimentary carbon 
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council
Department NERC Radiocarbon Facility (Environment)
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution Collected water samples and sediment samples Wrote grant proposals for analytical funding Analysed data using OxCal software Wrote journal articles (4 in total including nature submission).
Collaborator Contribution Advised on sampling and preservation techniques Measured radiocarbon values. Feedback on grant proposals and journal articles.
Impact Journal Articles Magnone, D., Richards, L.A., Polya, D.A., Bryant, C., Jones, M. and van Dongen, B.E., 2017. Biomarker-indicated extent of oxidation of plant-derived organic carbon (OC) in relation to geomorphology in an arsenic contaminated Holocene aquifer, Cambodia. Scientific reports, 7(1), p.13093. Conference outputs Magnone, D., Richards, L.A., Bryant, C., Polya, D.A., and van Dongen, B.E., "Characterisation of sedimentary organic matter in an arsenic contaminated aquifer, Cambodia". British Organic Geochemistry Society annual conference (2016) - Award the Archie Douglas Prize for best oral presentation. Richards, L.A., Magnone, D., van Dongen, B.E., Bryant, C., Boyce, A.J., Ballentine, C.J., and Polya, D.A., 2015, December. Seasonal Influences on Ground-Surface Water Interactions in an Arsenic-Affected Aquifer in Cambodia. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. Journal articles in preparation Richards, L.A., Magnone, D., Sültenfuß J., Bryant, C., Boyce, A.J., van Dongen, B.E., Ballentine, C.J., Sovann, C., Uhlemann, S., Oliver, K., and Polya, D.A., Dual In-Aquifer and Near Surface Processes Drive Arsenic Release in Asian Groundwaters. - In Prep. Magnone, D., Richards, L.A., Bryant, C., Evans, J., van Dongen, B.E. and Polya, D.A., [target spring 2018]. A new 14C correction model using 87Sr/86Sr to attribute the age of dissolved inorganic carbon from the degradation of organic material - application to a Holocene Aquifer, Cambodia. [(Target) Geochimica et Cosmichimica Acta] - In Prep. Magnone, D., Richards, L.A., Bryant, C., Evans, J., van Dongen, B.E. and Polya, D.A., [target autumn 2018]. High arsenic groundwater concentrations associated with pre-agricultural oxidised organic material in a Cambodian Aquifer. [(Target) Nature] - In Prep.
Start Year 2015
 
Description SUERC 
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council
Department Isotope Community Support Facility
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution Our team contributed facilities, intellectual input to joint proposals and research projects as well as samples.
Collaborator Contribution SUERC, particularly through Professor Adrian Boyce, contributed intellectual input, and stable isotopic sample analysis.
Impact Lawson M., Polya , D.A., Boyce, A.J., Bryant, C., Mondal, D., Shantz, A. and Ballentine, C.J. (2013) Pond-Derived Organic Carbon Driving Changes in Arsenic Hazard Found in Asian Groundwaters. Environmental Science and Technology. 47(13): 7085-7094 Lawson, M., Ballentine, C.J., Polya, D.A., Boyce, A.J., Mondal, D., Chatterjee, D., Majumder, S., and Biswas, A. (2008) The geochemical and isotopic composition of ground waters in West Bengal: tracing ground-surface water interaction and its role in arsenic release. Mineralogical Magazine, 72, 441-444.
 
Description Study of dissolved 87Sr/86Sr for apportionion the origin dissolved groundwater constituents 
Organisation British Geological Survey
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Construction of sampling wells in Cambodia. Collection of water and sediment samples from our field site in Cambodia. Design of study and new geochemical model. Writing grant proposals for analysis. Laboratory preparation of sedimentary samples Data analysis. Writing journal articles.
Collaborator Contribution Preparation and measurement of 87Sr/86Sr ratio. Feedback on journal articles and grant proposals.
Impact 57 87Sr/86Sr measurements that work in a new geochemical model for apportioning the relative inputs of different rock types to the dissolved constituents of groundwater. The model is applicable for correcting 14C ages of dissolved inorganic carbon and could be useful for a range of applied environmental sciences including the study of geogenic arsenic, radioactive waste disposal and testing the Raymo hypothesis in long term climate change. Journal articles in preparation Magnone, D., Richards, L.A., Bryant, C., Evans, J., van Dongen, B.E. and Polya, D.A., [target spring 2018]. A new 14C correction model using 87Sr/86Sr to attribute the age of dissolved inorganic carbon from the degradation of organic material - application to a Holocene Aquifer, Cambodia. [(Target) Geochimica et Cosmichimica Acta] - In Prep. Magnone, D., Richards, L.A., Bryant, C., Evans, J., van Dongen, B.E. and Polya, D.A., [target summer 2018]. High arsenic groundwater concentrations associated with pre-agricultural oxidised organic material in a Cambodian Aquifer. [(Target) Nature] - In Prep.
Start Year 2015
 
Title Strontium Mixing Model R Package 
Description - Strontium Isotope Mixing Model for quantifying groundwater mixing to be release as R package published simultaneously with paper. 
Type Of Technology Software 
Year Produced 2017 
Open Source License? Yes  
Impact - Results question major hypothesis in arsenic research. 
 
Description BBC - Great Heck 
Form Of Engagement Activity A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Short program on BBC One Show regarding the Great Heck waste site in Yorkshire, UK. Approximately 5 minute clip, aired 21 Jan 2015.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
 
Description CDA - EWB (Singapore) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Visit, research presentation and meeting regarding potential collaborative opportunities regarding arsenic in Southeast Asia with Engineers Without Borders Asia
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
 
Description CDA - HWUM (Malaysia) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Research presentation and meeting to identify possible collaborative opportunities. Presentation called "Arsenic in Groundwater: Potential Collaborative Opportunities Between Heriot Watt University Malaysia and University of Manchester". Generated basis, in part, for successful research proposal.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
 
Description CDA - NAHRIM (Malaysia) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Presentation and meeting to discuss potential collaborative opportunities for future work with National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia). Talk entitled "Arsenic in Groundwater: Potential Collaborative Opportunities Between University of Manchester and Malaysia Universities", meeting in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
 
Description CDA - NTU (Singapore) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Visit, research presentation and meeting to discuss future collaborative opportunities related to arsenic in Southeast Asia, at Nanyang Technological University (Singapore)
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
 
Description CDA - UPM (Malaysia) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Visit to Universiti Putra Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) including a research presentation and laboratory visit. Discussed potential opportunties for future collaboration.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
 
Description CDA - YUDE (Myanmar) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Research talk and workshop about potential collaborative opportunities on arsenic research in Myanmar. Talk was entitled "Arsenic in Groundwater: Potential Collaborative Opportunities Between Yangon University of Distance Education and University of Manchester" and occurred in Yangon, Myanmar.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
 
Description Cambodian Outreach Project 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Third sector organisations
Results and Impact Working with NGOs and universities in Cambodia to disseminate the key findings of local interest of our research. Attended by 100 Cambodian post graduate students, NGO workers and other stakeholders.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
 
Description Conference - 6th International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment (As2016): Arsenic Research and Global Sustainability, Stockholm 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact 6th International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment (As2016): Arsenic Research and Global Sustainability, Stockholm - Conference presentation
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
 
Description Conference - Water-Rock Interactions 15, Évora, Portugal, October 2016 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Water-Rock Interactions 15, Évora, Portugal, October 2016; conference presentation
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
 
Description Conference presentation at Water Remediation in Southeast Asia: Understanding Challenges, Opportunities and Decision-Making Frameworks 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Oral presentations at Water Remediation in Southeast Asia: Understanding Challenges, Opportunities and Decision-Making Frameworks
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
 
Description GCRF Workshop on Water Remediation in SE Asia 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Conference and workshop including presentations and interactive discussions on all aspects of current practice, research, challenges and opportunities regarding water remediation and management in Southeast Asia, including topics related to water quality including both chemical (e.g. arsenic and other heavy metals) and microbial contamination, water usage, remediation options (including household, community and city-scale), socio-economics, regulatory structures, the food-water-energy nexus, climate impacts, and decision-making strategies and practice throughout all stages in a water supply chain. This workshop encouraged networking and lead to an improved dialogue across sectors and disciplines of the challenges and opportunities facing water remediation, with an aim to develop frameworks for improved decision-making tools for water remediation in Southeast Asia. This workshop was supported by the Global Challenges Research Fund.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
URL http://www.nature.com/natureevents/science/events/50445-Water_Remediation_in_Southeast_Asia_Understa...
 
Description MANCHESTER POLICY WEEK 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact A series of brief (5 minute) presentations from 5 expert panel members led to around a further 90 minutes of discussion, particularly in relation to questions from a public audience.

Members of public who attended the arsenic workshop as part of Manchester Policy Week largely indicated that they had very little or no awareness of the public health impacts of arsenic in water or food - it likely would lwead to a change in their own behaviour in relation to potentially arsenic contaminated food or water.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
URL http://events.manchester.ac.uk/event/event:q6z-i0qqo8mr-wb8rcy/manchester-policy-week-poisoning-the-...
 
Description Manchester Policy Week 2015 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Manchester Policy Week event entitled "Time to Use Technology for a Better Picture of People's Exposure to Pollutants". Expert panel and speakers from University of Manchester, Public Health England, Health and Safety Laboratories to discuss environmental exposure to chemicals and the advantages/drawbacks/potential for large-scale bio-monitoring surveys. Included interactive discussions and opinion survey.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
URL https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/time-to-use-technology-for-a-better-picture-of-peoples-exposure-to-po...
 
Description Science Spectacular (Manchester Museum) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Ran an arsenic stall at Science Spectacular at Manchester Museum
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
 
Description Seminar (MMU, UK) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Seminar at MMU on past and ongoing research activities related to arsenic in SE ASIA
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Seminar - HWUM (Malaysia) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Undergraduate students
Results and Impact Seminar entitled "Arsenic in Groundwater: A Case Study in Cambodia" to approximately 60 - 80 undergraduate students in engineering at Heriot-Watt University Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Questions and discussions afterwards.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
 
Description Training for Environmental Research - Cambodia 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Undergraduate students
Results and Impact An outreach and training program to include teaching and practical activities regarding research management, project planning, developing research questions, proposal writing, project evaluation and technical and non-technical aspects of water treatment. Sessions will include practical skills and real applications, with a focus on real-world environmental scenarios. The aim is to deliver training designed to improve practical knowledge, transferable skills and overall understanding of aspects of environmental research. Around 60 students attended and provided very postive feedback; our team was nominated for a Better World Award through the University of Manchester for this endeavour.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
 
Description Training in Environmental Research (Cambodia) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Undergraduate students
Results and Impact ~90 students attended short course entitled "Training for Environmental Research" in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, with sessions on research skills, project managment, problem solving, groundwater, microbiology and geophysics
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
 
Description UCAS days 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Ran arsenic stall at UCAS days for undergraduate student recruitment with display material to show ongoing research activities
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016,2017
 
Description UK - SE Asia Networking Meeting - Bangkok 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact UK-Southeast Asia Newton Fund Research Partnership Networking Workshop from 15 - 16th June 2016 in Bangkok. The workshop included representatives from funding councils in the UK, Thailand, Vietnam and Indonesia and aimed to explore UK-SE Asia collaborations in the areas of water resources, air pollution and public health, and peatlands and mangroves. Submitted a Newton Fund proposal between Manchester - Vietnam on water resources as an outcome of this visit.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
 
Description Water Resources Conference (Cambodia) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Organized 2-day workshop entitled "Water Resources in Cambodia and Southeast Asia: Challenges, Research and Impact", approximately 50 attendees based in Cambodia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Indonesia, Korea and UK from largely academic and NGO sectors. Sessions contained presentations and interactive discussions. Discussions regarding furture collaborative projects followed.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
URL http://www.nature.com/natureevents/science/events/38689-Water_Resources_in_Cambodia_and_Southeast_As...
 
Description oral presentation at IMOG 2017 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Invited oral presentation at the IMOG meeting in Florence, Italy, September 2017
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL http://imog2017.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/426.pdf