The Global Politics of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Regulation
Lead Research Organisation:
King's College London
Department Name: Education,Communication & Society
Abstract
Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.
Organisations
Publications
Brian Salter (author)
(2005)
Ethics and the regulation of biotechnology : the European Union and bioethics
in Regulatory affairs focus
Cooper M
(2008)
Experimental Labour-Offshoring Clinical Trials to China
in East Asian Science, Technology and Society: an International Journal
Cooper M
(2008)
Orientalism in the Mirror The Sexual Politics of Anti-Westernism
in Theory, Culture & Society
Cooper M
(2016)
Resuscitations: Stem Cells and the Crisis of Old Age
in Body & Society
Cooper M
(2008)
Regenerative Pathologies: Stem Cells, Teratomas and Theories of Cancer
in Medicine Studies
Cooper M
(2011)
LIFE, AUTOPOIESIS, DEBT Inventing the Bioeconomy
in Distinktion: Journal of Social Theory
Cooper Melinda E.
(2008)
Life as Surplus: Biotechnology and Capitalism in the Neoliberal Era
DENT M
(2007)
SYMPOSIUM ON CHANGING MODES OF GOVERNANCE IN PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS: ACTION AND RHETORIC
in Public Administration
Gottweis H
(2008)
iPS cells and the politics of promise.
in Nature biotechnology
Gottweis H
(2008)
Participation and the New Governance of Life
in BioSocieties
| Description | Bioethics and patenting in the EU : the politics of a moral economy |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presentation for: Mapping the Bioeconomy Workshop. The Institute for Advanced Studies. Centre for the Study of Environmental Change and the Centre for Science Studies |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Bioethics, patenting and the European knowledge economy : the political negotiation of new forms of governance |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presentation for: The Science and Democracy Conference |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Biology and the new communities (Keynote) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Keynote lecture for Sydney University 2007 Key Directions Public Lecture Series |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2007 |
| Description | Biopolitics, biotechnology and globalisation |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Convenors on panel for Convenors Panel on Biopolitics, Biotechnology and Globalisation. Society for Science, Literature, and the Arts European Conference |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Blood archives : biobanking and the life of populations |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presentation for: Bodies of Knowledge: Sexuality in the Archive Conference |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Bringing rhetoric back in : policy-making between logos, ethos, and pathos |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presentation for: Interpretation in Policy Analysis: Research and Practice Conference |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | China and the international politics of knowledge economies |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Lecture for CGPE workshop on "China and the Transformation of the International Political Economy |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Clinical capital - pharma outsourcing to China and India |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | From Experimental Systems to Experimental States: Anthropology at the Intersection of Life, Science and Capital |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Conversation and ethical construction : hume and contemporary bioethics |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Subsequently published as a chapter in The Concept and Practice of Conversation in the Long Eighteenth Century, 1688-1848 (Editors: Katie Halsey and Jane Slinn, published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2008). |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| URL | http://www.crassh.cam.ac.uk/oldwww/events/2004-5/conv18th.html |
| Description | Emerging economies and the global drive for knowledge economies |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Panel on "Emerging economies and the global drive for knowledge economies". |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Emerging infectious disease, climate change and the global market in financial derivatives |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Keynote lecture for Biodata, Security and Health Workshop |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Emotions and the redesign of institutions : some preliminary reflections |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | For a Workshop Designing Institutions for Democratic Governance |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Ethics and the global regulation of bioethics |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Co-convenor of Panel on "The Ethics of International Ethics: The Moral Politics of International Norm-Building |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Ethics, global regulation and commercialisation |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | For BBSRC-MRC Public Dialogue Workshop |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Explaining Hwang-gate : biotechnology governance in South Korea : putting the Hwang controversy into vontext |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presentation for: Society of the Social Studies of Science Annual Conference |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | GBRG stakeholder workshop : "ethics and biopolicy" |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | The project team organised an international workshop on "Ethics and Biopolicy", involving policy makers from the UK, the US, Europe, China and India. Workshop focused on the modes of existing and policy linkage between ethics and policy in the stem cell field |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | |
| Description | GBRG stakeholder workshop : "the global governance of stem cell science" and "Chinese and UK strategies for the global bioeconomy" |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Brian Salter and Amanda Dickins gave presentations on "The global governance of stem cell science" and "Chinese and UK strategies for the Global Bioeconomy" to a visiting Chinese delegation at KCL. Attendees for the workshop include Chinese stem cell scientists and government representatives from the Centre for National Biotechnology Development and the State Food and Drug Administration. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | |
| Description | Genealogies of the unborn |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Panel on Genealogies of the Unborn |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Global biopolitics and the life sciences |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presentation for: Life Sciences Partnering China and Europe Programme. Europe Unlimited |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Global politics of human embryonic stem cell science : the Asia Pacific perspective |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | From ESRC's Stem Cell Initiative stream. British Sociological Association Conference |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Global science? : international collaboration with emerging science powers |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | For Cross-Council Stem Cell Grantholders Workshop |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Global stem cell science and emerging economies |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presentation for: Stem Cell Science: Emerging Economies and Globalisation |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Global stem cells : ethics and policy |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Teacher Scientist Network Masterclass on Stem Cells |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Global stem cells : ethics and policy |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | At the Stem Cell Symposium for 6th formers |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Governing global science : bioethics and international collaboration |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Lecture/Presentation for BIONET Conference |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Government strategies and commercial models |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presentation/lecture For Workshop Royal Society of Medicine |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Hwang-gate : lessons for science governance |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Lecture/Presentation for ESF-ORI First World Conference on Research Integrity: Fostering Responsible Research |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | International ethics and the limits of deliberation : global bioethics |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presentation for: British International Studies Association Annual Conference. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | International political (bio)economy : how the global economy is shaping regenerative medicine research in the emerging science powers and their impact on global biopolitics |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presentation for Centre for Biomedicine and Society |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | International politics, governance and ethics and their impact on stem cell research |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | The workshop provided a forum for representatives of the social sciences, biological sciences, policy community and funding agencies to discuss both the general issue of the transnational governance of stem cell science and the specific example of the Hinxton Group Consensus Statement on Stem Cells, Ethics and Law. The aim was to explore the problem of transnational governance in this field and then to reflect on the adequacy of the Hinxton Group Statement as a response to that problem. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | |
| Description | Korean dreams : Hwang Woo-suk and his politics of cloning |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | For: Workshop, Times of Cloning: Historical and Cultural Aspects of a Biotechnology Research Field |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Lost in translation? : risk and collaboration with emerging science powers |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Lecture for PEALS's 9th annual Spring Symposium |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Mapping the bioeconomy : the knowledge-based economy and the biosciences |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Invited Speaker |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | |
| Description | Measure for measure |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presentation/Lecture for Value from Below Workshop |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Neural stem cell research and the concept of neural plasticity |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presentation for: Vital Politics II. BIOS, London School of Economics. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | On globalising clinical trials |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | For CUNY Graduate Centre |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Oocyte markets and women's clinical labour : women in the age of biotech |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Keynote lecture for Festival Forum, the International Women's Film Festival Seoul |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Patenting, bioethics and the governance of human ESC science : the European case |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presentation for Egenis |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Performing ethical governance : a scenographic perspective paper |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presentation for: The Politics of Ethics and the Crisis of Government: Contested Technologies, the Language of Ethics, and the Transformation of Governance in Europe and the USA. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Politics, governance and biomedicine |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Plenary lecture for Engineering European Bodies Conference |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Regenerations : new tissue economies |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Seminar and Workshop at BIOS |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Regenerations and biopolitics |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presentation for: Research Centre for Theory, Culture and Society, University of York. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Regenerative medicine and globalisation |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Convenor and Speaker on on Regenerative Medicine and Globalisation at the Society for Social Studies of Science Annual Conference |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Regenerative medicine and stem cell research : emerging governance issues |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Lecture for 4th DCTIS Cartilage Weekend "Symposium on cartilage repair and regenerative medicine" |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Regulatory competition and the international politics of stem cell science |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presented to a panel on "Issues in International Health" |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Reproductive tissue economies : donor recruitment and biovalue |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presentation for: Mapping the Bioeconomy Workshop. The Institute for Advanced Studies. Centre for the Study of Environmental Change and the Centre for Science Studies |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Rhetoric in stem cell govenance |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | ESF Exploratory Workshop. Stem Cell Cultures: Exploring the social and cultural background of European debates about human embryonic stem cells, |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | |
| Description | Singapore biopolis : bare life in the city state |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Inaugural public lecture, Centre for Biomedicine and Society |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Singapore biopolis : bare life in the city-state |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Life Sciences in Asia panel for the Annual meeting of the Society for Social Studies Of Science (4S) and European Association For The Study of Science And Technology (EASST), |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | States, strategies and regenerative medicine : the global politics of future values |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presentation for Vital Geographies Seminar |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Stem cell science : legal, policy and regulatory perspectives |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Brian Salter organized a workshop with the East of England Stem Cell Network Stem cell science: legal, policy and regulatory perspectives for a mixed audience of scientists, lawyers and policy makers |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | |
| URL | http://www.eescn.org.uk/pdfs/EESCN_workshop%20flyer.pdf |
| Description | Stem cell science in the Asia Pacific |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Seminar for visiting delegation of Swedish and Danish researchers |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Stem cells : regulatory and policy issues |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presentation for Genetics and Health Policy. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Stem cells : regulatory and policy issues |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Brian Salter led a workshop in collaboration with Dr Susan Wallace on "Stem cells: regulatory and policy issues" at the Genetics and Health Policy Course. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | |
| Description | Stem cells and the global human tissue economy |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presentation for: East of England Stem Cell Network Annual International Symposium |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | The global governance of stem cell science" and "Chinese and UK strategies for the global bioeconomy |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | For a visiting Chinese delegation at King's College London |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | The global politics of bioethics |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presentation for: The Politics of Ethics and the Crisis of Government: Contested Technologies, the Language of Ethics, and the Transformation of Governance in Europe and the USA. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | The global politics of human embryonic stem cell research |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Keynote lecture to Annual Symposium NSW Stem Cell Network |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | The global politics of human embryonic stem cell science |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Convenor of Panel on "Stem Cell Research: Politics and Ethics" Annual Meeting of the Association for Politics and the Life Sciences |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | The global politics of speculative science |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | For a Forum: Stem cell research under the microscope |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | The global politics of stem cell governance |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presentation for East of England Stem Cell Network Annual International Symposium |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | The global/local politics of regenerative medicine |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presentation/lecture for Society for Social Studies of Science Annual Conference |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | The international dynamics of regulating human embryonic stem cells (hESC) : arbitrage or trading up? |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presentation for: The Annual Convention of the International Studies Associations |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | The international political economy of regenerative medicine : challenges for / from emerging economies |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presentation for: Pan-European Conference of Standing Group on International Relations (SGIR) |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | The knowledge based economy and the biosciences |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presentation for: Mapping the Bioeconomy Workshop. The Institute for Advanced Studies. Centre for the Study of Environmental Change and the Centre for Science Studies |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | The legal and regulatory framework for stem cell research in Australia |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Presentation for: The Assessment of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Technologies in Australia Seminar |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | UK National Stem Cell Network : legal and regulatory issues |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | For Cross-Council Stem Cell Grantholders Workshop |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Vital commerce : politics of the emerging bioeconomy |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Primary Audience | |
| Results and Impact | Panel on "Vital Commerce: Politics of The Emerging Bioeconomy". |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |