Astrophysics at the University of Bath

Gamma Ray Bursts are the instantaneously most luminous explosions in the Universe and, as such, act as bright beacons for probing the conditions in the early Universe as well as being important objects in their own right for the study of extreme physics in the presence of strong gravity, large magnetic fields and ultra-high speed accelerations in which outflowing material reaches speeds close to that of light.

Despite decades of study, however, the physics of GRBs remains a mystery.

The most direct probe of the explosion and ejection physics comes from special properties of the light emitted by the ejected material - namely its polarisation. The degree and evolution of the polarisation of the light gives a direct measure of the properties of the magnetic fields in the GRB that may be responsible for focusing and accelerating the material ejected in the explosion.

The location and time of occurrence of a GRB cannot be predicted, so advanced robotic telescopes on the ground and in space have been developed to catch the light from a GRB and alert other telescopes to the location and properties of the burst.

We use the world's largest fully autonomous robotic optical telescopes, equipped with novel software and instrumentation, to followup discoveries of GRBs by high-energy satellites and to measure the properties and evolution of the optical light at very early time after the initial explosion - in particular the polarisation properties - when the fundamental properties are still encoded in the detected light and before collision with the surrounding circumburst medium erases the signature of those properties.

The novel instrumentation and software developed for the cutting-edge research into the physics of GRBs drives further upskilling/technology development in the small to medium enterprises with whom we work closely to create new solutions to our blue-skies research problems and which, in turn, has resulted in the opening of new capabilities and markets to these companies.

The wider impact across the eduction sector is also an imperative in which end-to-end solutions are highlighted taking cutting-edge blue skies research ideas through concept design, prototyping, implementation and into discovery and feedback to industrial partners.

This has been successful on a relatively small level at LJMU. Developing this further in collaboration with local industry and fundamental research into photonics at the University of Bath will be key over coming years.