NCEO Carbon Cycle
Lead Research Organisation:
National Centre for Earth Observation
Department Name: UNLISTED
Abstract
Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.
Organisations
- National Centre for Earth Observation (Lead Research Organisation)
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (Collaboration)
- University College London (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER (Collaboration)
- Bogazici University (Collaboration)
- Tampere University of Technology (Collaboration)
- Yonsei University (Collaboration)
- Marine Scotland Science (MSS) (Collaboration)
- National Agency for National Parks (Gabon) (Collaboration)
- Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd (Collaboration)
- Meteorological Office UK (Collaboration)
- TanSat (CarbonSat) mission (Collaboration)
- Nansen Environmental Research Centre (India) (Collaboration)
- Indonesia Australia FCP Forest Conservation Policy (Collaboration)
- Government of Brazil (Collaboration)
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Collaboration)
People |
ORCID iD |
| Peter Jan Van Leeuwen (Principal Investigator) |
Publications
Aiken J
(2009)
Phytoplankton pigments and functional types in the Atlantic Ocean: A decadal assessment, 1995-2005
in Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography
Allen J
(2010)
Marine ecosystem models for earth systems applications: The MarQUEST experience
in Journal of Marine Systems
Allen J
(2009)
A multivariate approach to model skill assessment
in Journal of Marine Systems
Alton P
(2009)
Simulations of global evapotranspiration using semiempirical and mechanistic schemes of plant hydrology
in Global Biogeochemical Cycles
Amici S
(2011)
Multi-resolution spectral analysis of wildfire potassium emission signatures using laboratory, airborne and spaceborne remote sensing
in Remote Sensing of Environment
Anderson B
(2009)
Spatial covariance between biodiversity and other ecosystem service priorities
in Journal of Applied Ecology
Andréfouët S
(2008)
Earth observations for marine and coastal biodiversity and ecosystems
in Remote Sensing of Environment
Archibald S
(2010)
Southern African fire regimes as revealed by remote sensing
in International Journal of Wildland Fire
Archibald S
(2013)
Defining pyromes and global syndromes of fire regimes.
in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Archibald S
(2010)
Methods to determine the impact of rainfall on fuels and burned area in southern African savannas
in International Journal of Wildland Fire
| Description | 1. The following are key findings of the biogeochemical data assimilation work carried out in the past year: a) first demonstration that the assimilation of remotely sensed optical properties,(Kd) is a novel and advantageous approach for marine ecosystem simulations and understanding (Ciavatta et al., in revision); b) first demonstration that assimilation of ocean color can impact the model simulation of relevant carbon processes, such as the microbial loop and trophic web (Ciavatta et al., in revision) c) ocean color data assimilation is a useful tool to improve the estimation of i) Essential climate Variables (ECVs); ii) indicator of Good Ecological State (GES), and iii) carbon fluxes in the whole North West European shelf-sea. (Brewin, Ciavatta, Allen, et al, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, March 2014) 2. Assessment of state-of-the-art chemical transport model calculations of CO2 and CH4 against GOSAT satellite data. (Boesch, Parker and Hewson, Leicester, March 2014) 3. Generation of global multi-year CO2 and CH4 dataset from GOSAT. (Boesch, Parker and Hewson, Leicester, March 2014) 4. First observations of fire emission ratio of CO2/CH4 from space (with KCL). (Wooster, KCL; Boesch, Parker and Hewson, Leicester, March 2014) 5. Space-based surface flux estimates for CO2 and CH4 (Palmer et al Edinburgh; Chipperfield et al Leeds; Boesch, Parker and Hewson, Leicester, March 2014) 6. Assessment of biogenic emissions with long-term data of formaldeyhde from GOME-2. (Boesch, Parker and Hewson, Leicester, March 2014) 7. A climate projection for the northwest European shelf under high greenhouse gas concentrations: The NEMO-ERSEM coupled model was used to simulate the hydrodynamics and ecosystem of the northwest European shelf under a climate projection from 1980 to 2058. Atmospheric forcing was provided by the Hadley Centre's HadGEM2 model for a high greenhouse gas concentration scenario (IPCC-AR5 RCP8.5). The simulation was started in 1980 to allow validation against climatic conditions in the recent past. This is the first transient run of the coupled model for this region; earlier work involved simulating 10-20 year time slices at future time periods for comparison with past conditions. The transient approach removes uncertainties involved with model spin up and allows any emergent climate change signals to be identified compared to the variability of the system on annual to multi-decadal timescales. (Wakelin, National Oceanographic Centre Liverpool, March 2014) 8. That for the first time it has been shown possible to measure emissions ratios of smoke within wildfire plumes, including with CO2 as the reference species (Which is important as CO2 is the primary emitted product in such plumes, and the primary GHG). (M Wooster, Kings College London, March 2014) 9. We proposed a new, physically-based model to derive canopy gaps and canopy cover from airborne lidar data. Canopy gaps and cover are important properties relating to vegetation type and state for ecology, biodiversity, and habitat mapping and monitoring. Airborne lidar is increasingly widely-used for this, particularly by national mapping and monitoring agencies. Until now this has relied on empirical methods that need local calibration, and are therefore not general. We demonstrated that our method works extremely well over various forested regions in Australia and in China. Our method is currently being trialled for large-scale canopy mapping by the Queensland government. (Disney, Lewis et al, UCL, March 2014) 10. We demonstrated the application of terrestrial laser scanning for estimating above ground biomass in tropical forests, for the first time. We deployed a new laser scanner in Gabon, W. Africa and showed that we could reconstruct tree height, volume and mass more accurately than current survey methods. Our method therefore allows us to estimate tropical forest biomass independent of the allometric (scaling) relationships that currently underpin all estimates of tropical forest carbon stocks. These relationships rely on historical destructive measurements of around 1600 trees worldwide, with none in Africa and few over 70 cm in diameter. In 3 weeks we measured nearly 1000 trees, thus almost doubling the possible number of trees for deriving allometrics in the tropics. We will be extending these measurements across the tropics with our newly-acquired NERC funded lidar instrument. (Disney, Lewis et al, UCL, March 2014) 11. We used all the available Earth Observation data to show that there are only a few different types of fire behaviour globally. This is of great importance in understanding fire ecology and disturbance, but it is also an excellent test of the ability of current fire models embedded in land surface schemes. (Disney, Lewis et al, March 2014) 12. We demonstrated a new method to blend all kinds of Earth Observation data in order to improve global vegetation monitoring capabilities. The methods are statistically sound, and rely on physically based interpretation of the signals. The proposed method places particular emphasis in uncertainty quantification. We released the software tools to allow other researchers to use them, and have recently run a training course to aid this process. (Disney, Lewis et al, March 2014) |
| Exploitation Route | 1. The reanalysis of the North West European shelf biogeochemistry can be exploited to plan interventions to achieve good environmental status in the North West European Shelf (e.g. estimation of the maximum permissible loads from waste water treatment plants). (Brewin, Ciavatta, Allen, et al, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, March 2014) 8. Since the emission ratios are vital for emissions calculations - being able to directly measure them from space rather than just relying on lab measurements could potentially make GHG budgeting less uncertain in areas where fire is important (e.g. in Indonesia deforestation fires make up perhaps 80% of the GHG emission and it is the third largest GHG emitter worldwide). (M Wooster, Kings, 2014) 9.Method being tested by Australia govt monitoring programme for large-scale, via collaboration with Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts, Queensland, and the Australian Terrestrial Ecosystem Monitoring Network. http://www.tern.org.au/ (Disney, Lewis et al, UCL, March 2014) 10. There is wide interest/application of forest biomass estimates for biodiversity and conservation, REDD+ preparation and for commercial forestry. We are working with groups in all of these sectors to exploit our new methods and results. http://blog.geog.ucl.ac.uk/blog-entries/gabon-quantifying-forest-structure (Disney, Lewis et al, March 2014). 12. The optical EO data related to the land surface that will be provided by the COPERNICUS programme could be processed using our method, to improve on inter-sensor calibration, more robust atmospheric correction, and also providing more accurate land surface monitoring. (Disney, Lewis et al. UCL, March 2014) 1. The reanalysis of the North West European shelf biogeochemistry can be exploited by Institutional Agency and Policy Maker to better assess the Environmental Status of the marine ecosystem in accordance to the requirements of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. (Brewin, Ciavatta, Allen, et al, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, March 2014) 8. Potential to develop new spaceborne missions to exploit this capability. (M Wooster, Kings, March 2014) 9. A practical, widely-applicable method that is suitable for wide-scale mapping by government monitoring and forestry agencies. (Disney, Lewis et al, UCL, March 2014) |
| Sectors | Environment |
| URL | http://www.tern.org.au/ |
| Description | Application of new method We have developed a physical model that explains the change in reflectance due to fire, and that relates it to the impact of fire on vegetation. This is an important step, as burned area datasets are basically a binary map determining where (and when) fire happened, but not quantifying the impact of fire on the vegetation. |
| Sector | Environment |
| Impact Types | Societal |
| Description | Modelling dissolved oxygen and benthic algae dynamics in a coastal ecosystem by exploiting real-time monitoring data |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
| Description | Application of a new bolometer processing technique for fire measurement |
| Amount | £60,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | Center for Earth Observation Instrumentation |
| Organisation | Research Councils UK (RCUK) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 01/2013 |
| End | 08/2013 |
| Description | Application of a new bolometer processing technique for fire measurement |
| Amount | £60,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | Center for Earth Observation Instrumentation |
| Organisation | Research Councils UK (RCUK) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 01/2013 |
| End | 12/2013 |
| Description | DEcadal Changes In PHytoplankton community Ecology though Remote sensing (DECIPHER) |
| Amount | £61,461 (GBP) |
| Organisation | European Space Agency |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | France |
| Start | |
| Description | DEcadal Changes In PHytoplankton community Ecology though Remote sensing (DECIPHER) |
| Amount | £61,461 (GBP) |
| Organisation | European Space Agency |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | France |
| Start | 03/2013 |
| End | 03/2015 |
| Description | EU FP7: QA4ECV |
| Amount | £127,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | 607405 |
| Organisation | European Commission |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | European Union (EU) |
| Start | 01/2014 |
| End | 12/2015 |
| Description | EU FP7: QA4ECV |
| Amount | £127,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | 607405 |
| Organisation | European Commission |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | European Union (EU) |
| Start | 01/2014 |
| End | 12/2015 |
| Description | Environmental Data Use for Determining the Temporal Carbon Flow Consequences of Biomass for Energy |
| Amount | £111,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | 131531 |
| Organisation | Innovate UK |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 01/2014 |
| End | 12/2014 |
| Description | Integrated Marine Biogeochemical Modelling Network to Support UK Earth System Research |
| Amount | £157,487 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | NE/K001299/1 |
| Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 03/2012 |
| End | 03/2014 |
| Description | Integrative Modelling for Shelf Seas Biogeochemistry |
| Amount | £135,611 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | NE/K001698/1 |
| Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 03/2013 |
| End | 03/2015 |
| Description | MELODIES |
| Amount | £4,089,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | FP7 603525 |
| Organisation | European Commission |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | European Union (EU) |
| Start | |
| Description | MELODIES |
| Amount | £4,089,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | FP7 603525 |
| Organisation | European Commission |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | European Union (EU) |
| Start | 03/2013 |
| End | 03/2016 |
| Description | MYOCEAN II |
| Amount | £35,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | WP19 |
| Organisation | European Commission |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | European Union (EU) |
| Start | 03/2012 |
| End | 03/2013 |
| Description | MYOCEAN II |
| Amount | £200,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | Ocean Colour |
| Organisation | European Commission |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | European Union (EU) |
| Start | |
| Description | MYOCEAN II |
| Amount | £200,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | Ocean Colour |
| Organisation | European Commission |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | European Union (EU) |
| Start | 03/2012 |
| End | 03/2013 |
| Description | MYOCEAN II |
| Amount | £35,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | WP19 |
| Organisation | European Commission |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | European Union (EU) |
| Start | |
| Description | NERC Capital Award, Terrestrial Laser Scanner |
| Amount | £118,000 (GBP) |
| Organisation | Research Councils UK (RCUK) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | |
| Description | NERC Capital Award, Terrestrial Laser Scanner |
| Amount | £118,000 (GBP) |
| Organisation | Research Councils UK (RCUK) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 02/2014 |
| End | 06/2014 |
| Description | OceanFlux Greenhouse Gases ESA Project, D Woolff |
| Amount | € 350,000 (EUR) |
| Organisation | European Space Agency |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | France |
| Start | 11/2012 |
| End | 10/2014 |
| Description | Operational Ecology (OPEC) |
| Amount | £300,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | European Project (283291) |
| Organisation | European Commission |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | European Union (EU) |
| Start | |
| Description | Operational Ecology (OPEC) |
| Amount | £300,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | European Project (283291) |
| Organisation | European Commission |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | European Union (EU) |
| Start | 03/2012 |
| End | 03/2014 |
| Description | PURE Associate Project |
| Amount | £25,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | NERC |
| Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 03/2013 |
| End | 03/2014 |
| Description | Shaun Quegan - Eurucas |
| Amount | £111,350 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | 295068 |
| Organisation | European Commission |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | European Union (EU) |
| Start | 03/2012 |
| End | 03/2015 |
| Description | Shaun Quegan - Eurucas |
| Amount | £111,350 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | 295068 |
| Organisation | European Commission |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | European Union (EU) |
| Start | |
| Description | UK contribution to the internation Bio-Argo network |
| Amount | £508,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | NE/L012855/1 |
| Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 03/2013 |
| End | 03/2014 |
| Description | Amazon Research |
| Organisation | Government of Brazil |
| Department | State Gov Sao Paolo in Brazil |
| Country | Brazil |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | Collaboration with several groups from Sao Paolo State in Brazil (UK/Brazil Research Network for an Amazonian Carbon Observatory funded by NERC and FAPESP) |
| Start Year | 2012 |
| Description | Collaboration with ICES working Group on hydrography |
| Organisation | Marine Scotland Science (MSS) |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | Collaborated with this group to analyse all sustained temperature observations on NW shelf to validate model and EO trends and variablity. |
| Start Year | 2011 |
| Description | Collaboration with Leicester and Surrey Satellite Technology on ESA Sentinel satellite |
| Organisation | Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | not available |
| Start Year | 2012 |
| Description | Collaboration with Leicester and Surrey Satellite Technology on ESA Sentinel satellite |
| Organisation | University of Leicester |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | not available |
| Start Year | 2012 |
| Description | Gabon National Parks Agency |
| Organisation | National Agency for National Parks (Gabon) |
| Country | Gabon |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | Laser scanning in tropical forests |
| Start Year | 2011 |
| Description | Marine Ecosystem Models |
| Organisation | Meteorological Office UK |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Methods for the validation of marine ecosystem models using Earth Observation data e.g wavelets |
| Start Year | 2007 |
| Description | Marine ecosystem indicators from the biogeochemical model ERSEM: Sensitivity analysis |
| Organisation | Nansen Environmental Research Centre (India) |
| Country | India |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Scientific collaboration and knowledge transfer within the EC FP7 Project "INDO-MARECLIM" |
| Start Year | 2013 |
| Description | NEMO Shelf-sea reanalysis |
| Organisation | Meteorological Office UK |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Collaborated with the UK Met Office in the development of NEMO-shelf towards a first shelf-sea reanalysis |
| Start Year | 2008 |
| Description | OCO-2 Science Team |
| Organisation | National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | Continued collaborations with the NASA OCO-2 teams, Hartmut Boesch is an OCO-2 Science Team member |
| Start Year | 2009 |
| Description | TANSAT |
| Organisation | TanSat (CarbonSat) mission |
| Country | China |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | Collaboration with the Chinese TANSAT team through the ESA Dragon-3 project |
| Start Year | 2011 |
| Description | UCL - RCN-SEES consortium (Research Coordination Network -- Science, Engineering, and Education for Sustainability) |
| Organisation | University College London |
| Department | RCN-SEES consortium (Research Coordination Network -- Science, Engineering, and Education for Sustainability) |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Developed existing collaboration with Boston University (Strahler, Schaaf) to participate in new opportunities for ground-based laser scanning of forest structure. Proposal submitted to NSF. |
| Description | UCL - Technical University of Tampere, Finland |
| Organisation | Tampere University of Technology |
| Country | Finland |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | New collaboration to develop and exploit automated tree reconstruction methods from ground-based lidar. Journal publication arising and other field measurements and publications planned. |
| Description | UCL - Technical University of Tampere, Finland |
| Organisation | University College London |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | New collaboration to develop and exploit automated tree reconstruction methods from ground-based lidar. Journal publication arising and other field measurements and publications planned. |
| Description | UCL - Univ. of Queensland and Queenland State Govt |
| Organisation | Bogazici University |
| Department | Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute |
| Country | Turkey |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Developed new collaboration for exploiting airborne and ground-based lidar measurements of canopy structure in Australian forest and savanna ecosystems. Journal poublications arising, and new datasets collected. |
| Description | University of Leicester - Chinese TANSAT team |
| Organisation | University of Leicester |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Established new collaborations with Chinese TANSAT team for a joint ESA Dragon 3 proposal. |
| Description | University of Leicester - Indonesia Australi FCP |
| Organisation | Indonesia Australia FCP Forest Conservation Policy |
| Country | Papua New Guinea |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | Indonesia Australia Forest Carbon Partnership (worked with this partnership on fire severity in a REDD+ demonstration project area in Indonesia as a contribution to development of a model for carbon emissions arising from degradation of tropical peat swamp forest). |
| Description | University of Leicester - Indonesia Australi FCP |
| Organisation | University of Leicester |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Indonesia Australia Forest Carbon Partnership (worked with this partnership on fire severity in a REDD+ demonstration project area in Indonesia as a contribution to development of a model for carbon emissions arising from degradation of tropical peat swamp forest). |
| Description | University of Leicester - JAXA Collaboration |
| Organisation | Meteorological Office UK |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Continued collaboration with GOSAT teams at JAXA, Tokyo |
| Description | University of Leicester - NASA |
| Organisation | University of Leicester |
| Department | NASA Swift |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Continued collaboration with the NASA ACOS and OCO teams |
| Description | University of Leicester - Tropical peat consortium |
| Organisation | Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation |
| Country | Brazil |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | Tropical peat consortium (worked with a group of UK scientists with an interest in tropical peatlands to develop journal papers and a funding proposal to Leverhulme (proposal submitted). |
| Description | University of Leicester - Yonsei University, South Korea |
| Organisation | University of Leicester |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Established new collaboration with Yonsei University in South Korea. University of Leicester hosted two researchers at Leicester. |
| Description | University of Leicester - Yonsei University, South Korea |
| Organisation | Yonsei University |
| Country | Korea, Republic of |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Established new collaboration with Yonsei University in South Korea. University of Leicester hosted two researchers at Leicester. |
| Description | Yonsei University |
| Organisation | Yonsei University |
| Country | Korea, Republic of |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Collaboration with researchers at Yonsei University, South Korea in retrieval of CO2 and CH4 from GOSAT |
| Start Year | 2012 |
| Description | Gabon: quantifying forest structure |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Web article by Mat Disney, October 2013 Increase in requests for further information. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| Description | Laser scanner captures Billy the African elephant |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
| Results and Impact | Web article No description available. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| Description | Laser-scanning elephants |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Website blog Received requests for further information |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| Description | Not just for measuring trees: Laser scanner captures "Billy" the African elephant |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Web article No description available. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| Description | Seminar at Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
| Results and Impact | Seminar given by Dr Hartmut Boesch June 2013 Increased the international science community's knowledge and understanding of NCEO's science. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| Description | Shining a light on forest structure in Brisbane, Australia |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Blog article by Mat Disney Increase in requests for further information. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| Description | What An Elephant Looks Like To Google's Self-Driving Car |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Web article No description available. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |