Warhorse: The Archaeology of a Military Revolution?
Lead Research Organisation:
UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
Department Name: Archaeology
Abstract
This project will conduct the first ever systematic archaeological study of warhorses in the Middle Ages, including their physical remains, material culture and the landscapes used for their breeding and training. Comprehensively examining the full range of evidence from the late Anglo-Saxon to the early Tudor period (c. AD 800-1550), we will produce new understandings about a beast that was an unmistakable symbol of social status closely bound up with aristocratic, knightly and chivalric culture as well as a decisive weapon on the battlefield.
The medieval horse was the most characteristic animal of the Middle Ages. But while the history of warhorses has been intensively studied by historians, the archaeological evidence is dispersed and usually overlooked, despite having potential to generate new information and to transform knowledge. Our work will collect, collate, analyse and integrate four sources of data. First, using cutting-edge methodologies, we will re-analyse the bones of horses and warhorses from archaeological excavations, across a sample of assemblages held by museums and archives. Second, we will produce a comprehensive survey of surviving horse apparel (for instance harness pendants and bridle bits) and armour. Third, we will conduct the first coherent archaeological study of horse breeding landscapes (especially studs). Fourth, we conduct a survey of published and unpublished historical materials to feed into the analysis of studs and to establish a historical baseline against which to cross-compare the archaeology.
An integrated analysis of these datasets will produce a new body of information about warhorses, their development, training, appearance, and by extension their military and social roles. Combined analysis will assess how the chronological trends in the archaeological evidence sit alongside our established understanding of warhorses and the dramatic attested changes in their use in the Norman, later medieval and early Tudor periods. This will allow us a platform from which to explore how and why the development of warhorses related to changes in warfare and in elite society.
Among the key questions that the project will engage with are: Did the Norman Conquest see the widespread introduction of new breeds of horse, or was the development of the warhorse a more incremental process rooted in the late Anglo-Saxon period? How was the development of knighthood in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries reflected in horse apparel? Does the archaeological record provide evidence for the celebrated 'great horse' of the 14th century? How do these trends relate to the changing nature and decoration of horse apparel and to the geography of horse studs? Do we see physical evidence of attested decline in warhorses, followed by Tudor initiatives to increase their size?
We will work with two collaborating organisations: the Royal Armouries (Leeds) to magnify the impact of our work on large public audiences and to engage people in the research, and the Portable Antiquities Scheme (British Museum) to provide dedicated training sessions that will train staff and volunteers in dealing with equine material culture. Both these organisations will help ensure a legacy for the project work. Our project publications, including a research monograph and a suite of papers in high-profile peer-reviewed journals targeted to engage with different sectors of the academic community, will have a decisive and enduring impact across a variety of subject areas, not just archaeology. The results will contribute to debate in the fields of medieval archaeology and medieval history generally, and in the specific fields of zooarchaeology, landscape studies, conflict studies and material culture studies. Digital outputs, including new and enhanced datasets, maps and fieldwork data, all deposited and curated online for sustainable future use, will form a platform for future study.
The medieval horse was the most characteristic animal of the Middle Ages. But while the history of warhorses has been intensively studied by historians, the archaeological evidence is dispersed and usually overlooked, despite having potential to generate new information and to transform knowledge. Our work will collect, collate, analyse and integrate four sources of data. First, using cutting-edge methodologies, we will re-analyse the bones of horses and warhorses from archaeological excavations, across a sample of assemblages held by museums and archives. Second, we will produce a comprehensive survey of surviving horse apparel (for instance harness pendants and bridle bits) and armour. Third, we will conduct the first coherent archaeological study of horse breeding landscapes (especially studs). Fourth, we conduct a survey of published and unpublished historical materials to feed into the analysis of studs and to establish a historical baseline against which to cross-compare the archaeology.
An integrated analysis of these datasets will produce a new body of information about warhorses, their development, training, appearance, and by extension their military and social roles. Combined analysis will assess how the chronological trends in the archaeological evidence sit alongside our established understanding of warhorses and the dramatic attested changes in their use in the Norman, later medieval and early Tudor periods. This will allow us a platform from which to explore how and why the development of warhorses related to changes in warfare and in elite society.
Among the key questions that the project will engage with are: Did the Norman Conquest see the widespread introduction of new breeds of horse, or was the development of the warhorse a more incremental process rooted in the late Anglo-Saxon period? How was the development of knighthood in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries reflected in horse apparel? Does the archaeological record provide evidence for the celebrated 'great horse' of the 14th century? How do these trends relate to the changing nature and decoration of horse apparel and to the geography of horse studs? Do we see physical evidence of attested decline in warhorses, followed by Tudor initiatives to increase their size?
We will work with two collaborating organisations: the Royal Armouries (Leeds) to magnify the impact of our work on large public audiences and to engage people in the research, and the Portable Antiquities Scheme (British Museum) to provide dedicated training sessions that will train staff and volunteers in dealing with equine material culture. Both these organisations will help ensure a legacy for the project work. Our project publications, including a research monograph and a suite of papers in high-profile peer-reviewed journals targeted to engage with different sectors of the academic community, will have a decisive and enduring impact across a variety of subject areas, not just archaeology. The results will contribute to debate in the fields of medieval archaeology and medieval history generally, and in the specific fields of zooarchaeology, landscape studies, conflict studies and material culture studies. Digital outputs, including new and enhanced datasets, maps and fieldwork data, all deposited and curated online for sustainable future use, will form a platform for future study.
Planned Impact
The impact of the project on wider non-academic audiences and stakeholders was identified from the developmental stage as of central importance to this bid. Working in partnership with the Royal Armouries Museum in Leeds, West Yorkshire, and the Portable Antiquities Scheme, based at the British Museum in London, the project will generate a wide and deep impact through knowledge exchange between academia, third sector institutions and the general public.
The partnership with the Royal Armouries will elevate the project's impact on the general public to a different level by tying the work to the Armouries' hugely successful and high-profile jousting programme (events on the Armouries' on-site jousting lists in Leeds regularly attract 16-17,000 people); extending and improving their engagement and outreach activities; and creating a portfolio of accessible and sustainable educational materials. The partnership with the Portable Antiquities Scheme will have an impact through a series of training and outreach events, which will be of wider benefit to the heritage community, including local societies and metal detectorists.
We will rigorously document our outreach and engagement events to ensure that impact can be verified and demonstrated, and so that our activities are captured (including through questionnaires, testimonies and photographic recording). Both collaborating organisations have been engaged in the development of the bid and in identifying impact pathways (including input from the Director of Collections at the Royal Armouries and the Head of the Portable Antiquities Scheme), and relevant members of staff have agreed to serve on the Project Steering Committee. Impact will feature on the agenda of the Project Steering Committee, which will monitor the achievements of the project in this area, obtaining feedback and reflecting on lessons, and examine the potential for additional impact pathways.
The project will develop a wide range of impact pathways to ensure an array of lasting benefits for four main types of audience:
THE MUSEUM SECTOR: The project will contribute to the Royal Armouries' aims as laid out in their corporate strategy plan, in particular research and dissemination, display and interpretation, and provision of educational services, and beyond that, reach, educate, and entertain their audiences (the size of which reaches nearly 2 million a year across their three sites). The Armouries will also benefit from the experience of working with an academic partner. The project will have a positive impact on visitor numbers, and both highlight and add academic value to the Armouries' holdings.
PORTABLE ANTIQUITIES SCHEME: The organisation will benefit from the added value that the project will give to their existing digital records. Core staff and the volunteer network will benefit from the tailor-made training events that the project will organise and host. The PAS and the large community of metal-detectorists (and local archaeology societies nationwide) will benefit from the improvements to Finds Records Guides that the project will enable.
VISITORS: Members of the public engaged with the project's portfolio of outreach activities will benefit educationally from deepened understanding of the methods of archaeology and history, and of Britain's medieval past, and through enhanced knowledge of historic human-animal relationships.
WIDER PUBLIC AUDIENCES: The project will reach wider audiences through the website, social media and press. This will deepen public appreciation of medieval archaeology, history and warfare, and open their minds to how academic study can confront and perhaps overturn long-held beliefs.
Beyond these impacts, the high level of public interest in all manner of equine pursuits, such as show jumping and horse racing, is likely to open up opportunities for further aspects of public engagement, which the project will exploit.
The partnership with the Royal Armouries will elevate the project's impact on the general public to a different level by tying the work to the Armouries' hugely successful and high-profile jousting programme (events on the Armouries' on-site jousting lists in Leeds regularly attract 16-17,000 people); extending and improving their engagement and outreach activities; and creating a portfolio of accessible and sustainable educational materials. The partnership with the Portable Antiquities Scheme will have an impact through a series of training and outreach events, which will be of wider benefit to the heritage community, including local societies and metal detectorists.
We will rigorously document our outreach and engagement events to ensure that impact can be verified and demonstrated, and so that our activities are captured (including through questionnaires, testimonies and photographic recording). Both collaborating organisations have been engaged in the development of the bid and in identifying impact pathways (including input from the Director of Collections at the Royal Armouries and the Head of the Portable Antiquities Scheme), and relevant members of staff have agreed to serve on the Project Steering Committee. Impact will feature on the agenda of the Project Steering Committee, which will monitor the achievements of the project in this area, obtaining feedback and reflecting on lessons, and examine the potential for additional impact pathways.
The project will develop a wide range of impact pathways to ensure an array of lasting benefits for four main types of audience:
THE MUSEUM SECTOR: The project will contribute to the Royal Armouries' aims as laid out in their corporate strategy plan, in particular research and dissemination, display and interpretation, and provision of educational services, and beyond that, reach, educate, and entertain their audiences (the size of which reaches nearly 2 million a year across their three sites). The Armouries will also benefit from the experience of working with an academic partner. The project will have a positive impact on visitor numbers, and both highlight and add academic value to the Armouries' holdings.
PORTABLE ANTIQUITIES SCHEME: The organisation will benefit from the added value that the project will give to their existing digital records. Core staff and the volunteer network will benefit from the tailor-made training events that the project will organise and host. The PAS and the large community of metal-detectorists (and local archaeology societies nationwide) will benefit from the improvements to Finds Records Guides that the project will enable.
VISITORS: Members of the public engaged with the project's portfolio of outreach activities will benefit educationally from deepened understanding of the methods of archaeology and history, and of Britain's medieval past, and through enhanced knowledge of historic human-animal relationships.
WIDER PUBLIC AUDIENCES: The project will reach wider audiences through the website, social media and press. This will deepen public appreciation of medieval archaeology, history and warfare, and open their minds to how academic study can confront and perhaps overturn long-held beliefs.
Beyond these impacts, the high level of public interest in all manner of equine pursuits, such as show jumping and horse racing, is likely to open up opportunities for further aspects of public engagement, which the project will exploit.
Publications
Creighton O
(2024)
New light on the Warwick Shaffron: understanding horse and shaffron size through the collections of the Royal Armouries
in Arms & Armour
R. Webley
(2020)
Appliques en << B >> : réexamen d'un objet médiéval énigmatique interprété comme une garniture de mors de bride
in Cahiers LandArc
Ameen C
(2021)
Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Medieval Warhorse
in Cheiron: The International Journal of Equine and Equestrian History
Ameen C
(2021)
In search of the 'great horse': A zooarchaeological assessment of horses from England (AD 300-1650)
in International Journal of Osteoarchaeology
Ameen, C Et Al.
(2020)
All the King's Horses
R. Webley
(2020)
Portable Antiquities Scheme Finds Guide: Horses and Transport
O Creighton
(2019)
History Now feature in BBC History Magazine (May 2019)
Liddiard, R.
(2022)
Anglo-Norman Studies: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 2021
Description | The project succeeded in carrying out the first ever systematic and integrated study of the full range of archaeological evidence for warhorses and horses in medieval England - from scientific samples extracted from teeth through to analysis of bones, equestrian artefacts and armour, and the sites and landscapes associated with horse breeding and training. The research processes are documented on the project website (https://medievalwarhorse.exeter.ac.uk/) and the appropriate datasets are deposited as a digital archive with the Archaeology Data Service (https://medievalwarhorse.exeter.ac.uk/). The work has created new knowledge on three main fronts: First, in the field of zooarchaeology the project applied cutting-edge GMM (Geometric Morphometric) and isotopic sampling methodologies to medieval horses for the first time. This has enabled the skeletal signatures of breeding and training regimes to be ascertained and for the biographies of individual horses to be revealed, and highlighted Europe-wide movements of breeding stock in a case study site in London. A headline finding about horse stature from a project database of 8500+ bones is that most medieval horses were below the size of modern ponies (1.48m to the withers, or shoulder), and detailed measurement of over 130 items of horse armour confirms the findings suggested from bone evidence. While popular perceptions of medieval warhorses picture large beasts, not a single bone from the entire project indicated a medieval horse that would have met the size criteria for a modern police horse (1.68m). This aspect of the project has produced key research outputs including journal articles in The International Journal of Osteoarchaeology and Science Advances (in press) Second, in the field of landscape history, the work has generated entirely new information about an aspect of the medieval countryside (the horse stud) that had been neglected. Over 800 medieval documents have been examined to provide information on the nature and organisation of studs, principally during the High Middle Ages. The project produced the first ever mapping of the English royal stud network and clarified the number and location of stud sites (within parks), characterised their landscape contexts (frequently in uplands or wetland zones), and reconstructed their hinterlands. The work highlighted that while studs can be located to places, physical traces of their buildings and infrastructure are exceptionally ephemeral. It has also drawn attention to the tendency to misidentify equine structures, especially stables, as being for other livestock and purposes. This aspect of the project has produced research outputs including a paper in the history journal Anglo-Norman Studies. Third, in terms of debates within medieval archaeology and history the project has provided new evidence for continuity and/or change across the Saxo-Norman divide by highlighting that in terms of equestrian material culture the Norman Conquest had a minimal signature, with the introduction of the curb bit the principal indicator of change. Mapping of equestrian material culture from a project database of 14,000+ separate artefacts shows great potential, previously unrecognised, to map the footprints of medieval tournament sites and (through harness pendants decorated with arms and symbols) noble families, while the project has systematically examined horse armour from the world's finest collections to investigate what it tells us about horse size. These aspects of the project have produced research outputs including papers in the journals Cahiers LandArc and Arms & Armour. As an overall methodological achievement, the project's integrated approach has made a powerful statement about how barriers between traditionally discrete research fields can be broken down to produce new understandings. In answer to the key questions of (1) whether we can identify warhorses in the archaeological record; and (2) whether the warhorse was a breed, a selection or some sort of cultural product, we can reach some preliminary conclusions by combining all our lines of evidence. First, it is rare for warhorses to be deposited in archaeological contexts which clearly identify the function and role of the animals. It is, however, clear that exceptional care was taken to breed and train appropriate horses, including importing or being gifted suitable animals from overseas. Whilst selective breeding in a stud network formed a key part of warhorse management, the destrier cannot be considered to be a 'breed'. It more likely represents a selection for appropriate temperament and body conformation, accompanied by intensive training that resulted in highly valuable steeds. Warhorses might additionally be marked out to some degree by activity-related bone remodelling and pathologies. While the 'great horse' was likely of a larger stature than the average medieval equid, the metrical evidence from animal bones, horse armour and other material culture, suggests that raw size was considered less of a key trait than the physical and mental characteristics highlighted above. These findings are presented in a project monograph that is due for publication in 2025. |
Exploitation Route | The new knowledge about medieval horses that the project has generated, especially about their size, appearance, breeding and training, could be taken forward and put to use in: - Heritage sites, including castles and palaces - Film and TV dealing with life and warfare in the Middle Ages - Educational materials: packs and web resources for teachers - Museums, including those dealing with horses, horse racing and the natural world, as well as archaeological and military collections |
Sectors | Creative Economy Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software) Education Environment Leisure Activities including Sports Recreation and Tourism Culture Heritage Museums and Collections |
URL | https://medievalwarhorse.exeter.ac.uk/ |
Description | The impact of the project on wider non-academic audiences and stakeholders was of central importance to our work. The key areas of impact, recorded through the period of the funded project (Feb 2019-March 2023) and beyond, fall into four areas. First, the project generated benefits for our partner organisations. The Portable Antiquities Scheme, run through the British Museum, benefitted from the delivery of three intensive training workshops on recording equestrian artefacts to over 100 staff and volunteers and from the delivery of 10 freely available finds guides to help metal detectorists record items such as harness pendants and horseshoes (see https://finds.org.uk/counties/findsrecordingguides/guides-by-use-and-function/horses-and-transport/). According to the Head of the Portable Antiquities Scheme: "What is most important is that the work of the results of the project's partnership working - the training workshops and freely-accessible finds guides - have a legacy, transforming the way that staff and public volunteers record metal-detected equestrian objects" (Professor Michael Lewis, 2023). The Royal Armouries benefited from the experience of working with an academic partner, including enhancement to its catalogue and records, opportunities for the co-publication of results, and enrichment of outreach activities (the project had a presence at two public events run by the Armouries attended by over 17,000 members of the public). Second, the project is playing a key role in changing public perceptions about the size and appearance of medieval horses, which are often based on experiences of film and TV. A press release which accompanied a project publication in The International Journal of Osteoarchaeology generated 197 press articles in 34 countries, while project staff have contributed through three podcasts and programmes including BBC Radio 4 'In Our Time' to reach mass public audiences. The project had a presence at five large public events attracting 41,400 members of the public in total and generating reactions from participants such as "I had no idea a medieval warhorse could be so small; it's fascinating to hear that historical films can get it so badly wrong!" Third, the project's findings have been actively promoted and disseminated on the national and international conference circuit, with staff speaking at 19 separate events in the UK to reach in excess of 750 participants and 15 events in a further 10 countries reaching a minimum of 550 participants. Fourth, the academic impact of the work is having knock-on effects for the way that equestrian heritage is presented in museums and heritage sites. For example, Historic Royal Palaces reported in January 2023 that their website for Hampton Court has been amended to reflect our project's findings. Another example is the way that English Heritage's newly installed signage and the new (2022) official guidebook for Launceston Castle, Cornwall, now recognise a building on the site, which was previously misidentified, as a medieval stable, on the basis of the project's findings. Curators from the world-famous Imperial Armoury have contacted to seek our advice on the appearance of medieval warhorses to inform a major refurbishment of their displays. Beyond these impacts, the high level of public interest in all manner of equine pursuits, such as show jumping and horse racing, is likely to open up opportunities for further aspects of public engagement, which the project will exploit, including through a Follow-on-Funding Bid. |
First Year Of Impact | 2019 |
Sector | Creative Economy,Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Education,Environment,Leisure Activities, including Sports, Recreation and Tourism,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections |
Impact Types | Cultural Societal Economic Policy & public services |
Description | UKRI COVID-19 Grant Extension Allocation (CoA) |
Amount | £49,139 (GBP) |
Organisation | University of Exeter |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2021 |
End | 09/2021 |
Title | Digital Archive for Warhorse: The Archaeology of a Military Revolution? 2019-2023 |
Description | This collection comprises the digital archive for the research project 'Warhorse: The Archaeology of a Medieval Revolution?' The digital archive for the Warhorse project consists of three types of materials: (a) Spreadsheets; (b) Reports; and (c) Photographs. (a) SPREADSHEETS The archive contains 17 spreadsheets (archived as .XLXS files) that contain key primary data sets collected, collated and compiled during the course of the project. 1. Spreadsheet of metrics from horse bones. 2. Spreadsheet of horse bones analysed by the Warhorse project through GMM (Geometric morphometrics). 3. Spreadsheet of horse bones sampled by the Warhorse project for DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) analysis. 4. Spreadsheet of horse bones sampled by the Warhorse project for isotopic analysis. 5. Spreadsheet detailing measurements and other characteristics of a sample of horse harness pendants and mounts in medieval Britain and Europe, compiled from a survey of published sources. 6. Spreadsheet detailing medieval equestrian objects recorded in the database of the Portable Antiquities Scheme. 7. Spreadsheet detailing measurements and other characteristics for a sample of medieval stirrups in Britain and Europe, compiled from a survey of published sources. 8. Spreadsheet detailing measurements and other characteristics for a sample of shaffrons (horse head armour) in museum and other collections. 9. Spreadsheet detailing the occurrence and number of foals recorded in Domesday Book. 10. Spreadsheet detailing the instances where Domesday Book recorded horses as being 'at the hall' or the use of similar phrases to denote the same situation. 11. Spreadsheet detailing the instances where Domesday Book recorded animals described as 'horse'. 12. Spreadsheet detailing the instances where Domesday Book recorded animals described as 'mare'. 13. Spreadsheet detailing the instances where animals described as 'rouncey' in the south-western shires covered by Exon Domesday. 14. Spreadsheet detailing the instances where Domesday Book recorded animals described as 'unbroken mare'. 15. Spreadsheet detailing the instances where Domesday Book recorded animals described as 'woodland mare'. 16. Spreadsheet comprising a list of English studs and stables in the royal network and the dates for which accounts of the keepers of horse exist. 17. Spreadsheet containing results of isotopic analysis from samples of medieval horse teeth from the site of Elverton Street, London. (b) REPORTS The archive contains two written and illustrated reports (archived as .PDFs) on two archaeological investigations carried out on behalf of the project. 1. Report on a Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey carried out on two areas, thought to be the sites of medieval stables, at Clarendon Palace in Wiltshire. 2. Report on a standing building survey carried out on the structures known as the 'Great Stables' at Tattershall Castle, Lincolnshire. (c) PHOTOGRAPHS A photographic archive for the project, comprising a selection of images (.TIFs and .JPEGs) of data collection in progress, sites and landscapes visited, investigated and recorded during the work, and outreach activity. |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2023 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | The datset is freely and publicly available for researchers. Will will monitor its uptake, usage and impact but currently too early to judge. |
URL | https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/1005150/index.cfm |
Description | Collaboration with the Portable Antiquities Scheme |
Organisation | Portable Antiquities Scheme |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | The project worked in collaboration with the Portable Antiquities Scheme (British Museum) to access their digital data about equine material culture and to provide dedicated training sessions that train staff and volunteers in dealing with these materials. Our partnership with the Portable Antiquities Scheme has had an impact through a series of training and outreach events, which were of benefit to their staff and volunteers and the wider heritage community, including local societies and metal detectorists. 90 staff members and volunteers received training at project-run workshops (see separate entries under 'Engagement Activities') and the project produced a revised freely available digital guide on equestrian items available on the PAS website (see separate entries under 'Publications'). |
Collaborator Contribution | Staff from the Portable Antiquities scheme are involved in Project Steering Committee meetings and have made datasets available for project use. |
Impact | The project produced the following finds guide resource, hosted through the PAS website: https://finds.org.uk/counties/findsrecordingguides/?s=horse?mit=Go%21 |
Start Year | 2019 |
Description | Collaboration with the Royal Armouries |
Organisation | Royal Armouries, Leeds |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
PI Contribution | The project team has accessed the collections of the Royal Armouries for research purposes and has had a presence at events hosted at their headquarters in Leeds, including public jousting events. |
Collaborator Contribution | To ensure that our research reaches a wide public audience, we have conducted a portfolio of educational and knowledge transfer activities at the headquarters of the Royal Armouries in Leeds, including the presence of project staff at public jousting events and contributions to online events (listed separately under 'Engagement Activities'). |
Impact | The project has contributed to the Royal Armouries' aims as laid out in their corporate strategy plan, in particular in the areas of research and dissemination (adding value to the project through access to collections), display and interpretation (including enhancement of records and archives), and beyond that, reaching, educating, and entertaining their extensive audiences (through a project presence at public events). An example of an output is the project's contribution to the RA's online exhibition on the Cloth of Gold; see https://royalarmouries.org/stories/all-the-kings-horses/ |
Start Year | 2019 |
Description | Chairing of session at the virtual Equine History Collective 2021 conference, 23/03/2021 (Robert Webley) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | Project researcher Robert Webley chaired a session at the Equine History Collective 2021 conference "Equine Ecologies and Economies" |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Conference paper at 1st ICAZ Medieval period working group meeting in Bergen , Switzerland, 29/09/2022 (Helene Benkert and Kate Kanne) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | Benkert & Kanne present paper on oral pathologies in horses at 1st ICAZ Medieval period working group meeting in Bergen |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Conference presentation to Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies, 26/07/2021 (Robert Liddiard) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | Liddiard presented paper to Battle Conference 44; Title: 'Wild, Wold Horses, Equine Landscapes of the 11th and 12th centuries' |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Contribution to BBC Radio 4 'In Our Time' programme |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Outram contributed to BBC Radio 4 'In Our Time' programme with Melvyn Bragg on 'The Evolution of Horses', broadcast on 27th Feb 2020. Estimated audience of 10 million. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000fp9y |
Description | Contribution to a podcast: Real Fantastic Beasts, Season 2 Episode 24, 'Knights on Ponies: The Warhorse of the Middle Ages'. See: https://shows.acast.com/real-fantastic-beasts/episodes/knights-on-ponies-the-warhorse-of-the-middle-ages |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Podcast reaching a large international audience |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://shows.acast.com/real-fantastic-beasts/episodes/knights-on-ponies-the-warhorse-of-the-middle-... |
Description | Contribution to online exhibition hosted by the Royal Armouries celebrating the 500th anniversary of the Field of the Cloth of Gold, 03/06/2020 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Contribution to online exhibition on the Field of the Cloth of Gold |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://royalarmouries.org/stories/all-the-kings-horses/ |
Description | Discussion forum paper presented virtually at International Medieval Congress, Leeds, session organised by Horse History Group, 08/06/2020 (Robert Webley) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | Discussion forum paper presented virtually at International Medieval Congress, Leeds, in a session organised by Horse History Group. Making project findings available to an audience containing many interested in historical equestrianism 08/06/2020 (Robert Webley) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | In-person research presentation on the project at Al-Farabi Kakakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 11/01/2022 (Alan Outram) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | Outram gave a presentation on the project to the Faculty of History, Archaeology and Ethnology, Al-Farabi Kakakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Liddiard presented 45 minute talk on project research at Mortimer History Society Conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Liddiard presented 45 minute talk on project research at Mortimer History Society Conference, 15/2/20 |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Online conference presentation to EAA, 09/09/2021 (Helene Benkert) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | Benkert presented at EAA annual meeting in session 510: Horseman-Horse couple through time and space; presentation title: 'Warhorse - a medieval revolution?'; digital via Hopin |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Online presentation at UK Festival of Archaeology, 26/07/2021 (Laura Jones) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Jones presented 20 minute talk on Apocalyptic representations of the medieval Warhorse (via Zoom) for CIfA/CBA Early Careers Conference for Festival of Archaeology |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Online presentation to castle studies conference hosted by University of St Louis, USA, 04/09/2021 (Oliver Creighton and Robert Liddiard) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | Creighton and Liddiard presented paper to New Perspectives in Castle Studies conference, University of St Louis, Missouri. Title: 'Castles and Equine Landscapes: Problems and Possibilities for Integrated Analysis' |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Online research paper delivered to Society for Medieval Archaeology, 12/05/2022 (Oliver Creighton) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | Creighton presented an overview paper on the project at the Society for Medieval Archaeology's AGM and Winter Symposium |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Online research paper presented to Castle Studies Group, 25/05/2021 (Oliver Creighton and Robert Liddiard) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | Creighton and Liddiard presented paper to Castle Studies Group Title: Castles and Equine Landscapes: Problems and Possibilities for Integrated Analysis |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Poster presentation at Postgraduate Zooarchaeology Forum conference, Yerevan, Armenia, 25/06/2019 (Helene Benkert) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Estimated audience of 43 benefitted from new knowledge about the project |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Presentation at an international symposium, Toronto, 20/03/2021 (Helene Benkert) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Benkert presents paper at Toronto FIG Symposium 'Zooarchaeology Beyond Food", digital via Zoom; Title: The Zooarchaeology of the Medieval Warhorse' |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Presentation of a (virtual) paper at the International Medieval Congress, Leeds, 07/08/2020 (Helene Benkert) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | Helene Benkert presents paper at vIMC Leeds introducing the project and its preliminary findings |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | Press release, 10/01/2022 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | A press release which accompanied a project publication in The International Journal of Osteoarchaeology generated 197 press articles in 34 countries |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Project Twitter feed |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Project Twitter account created on 4th Feb 2019: @AHRC_Warhorse |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
URL | https://twitter.com/ahrc_warhorse?lang=en |
Description | Project presence at Being Human Festival, Exeter Cathedral |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Project presence at Being Human Festival, Exeter Cathedral (20/11/19); project poster displayed and project staff engaged with school children and members of the general public. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Project presence at Royal Armouries jousting event, Leeds |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Project staff attended a public jousting event at the Royal Armouries, Leeds, and handed out project publicity materials and engaged with members of the public. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Project presence at Tewkesbury Medieval Festival |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Project staff attended the Tewkesbury Medieval Festival (13/07/2019), handing out publicity leaflets and engaging with the public. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Project session at EAA Conference, Budapest, Hungary, 09/11/2022 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | Ameen, Benkert, Creighton, Kanne, Liddiard, Outram, Vo Van Qui and Webley present individual papers in session organised and sponsored by the project at EAA 2022 in Budapest ('Dark Horse - Archaeologies of Horses and Horse Culture in the Middle Ages' ) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://medievalwarhorse.exeter.ac.uk/author/helene-benkert/ |
Description | Project stall and display at Tewkesbury Medieval Festival |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Project stall and display including 'How Tall was a Warhorse?' banner and archaeological materials at Tewkesbury Medieval Festival (two days); 20,000 attending (approx). |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://medievalwarhorse.exeter.ac.uk/author/helene-benkert/ |
Description | Project stall and display in the Maketank Gallery, Exeter, 25/09/2021 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Project stall and display at the 'Pop-Up Curiosity Shop of Science and Culture' held in the Maketank Gallery, Exeter. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Project website |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Project website and blog established on 2nd Feb 2019: http://medievalwarhorse.exeter.ac.uk/ |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
URL | http://medievalwarhorse.exeter.ac.uk/ |
Description | Public lecture on project to Lympstone History Society (23/10/2023) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Public lecture; 95 participants |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
Description | Public lecture to the Historical Society Mitchell, South Dakota, USA, 30/06/2022 (Alan Outram) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Outram gave a presentation on the project to the Historical Society, Mitchell, South Dakota, USA |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Public lecture to the Rotary Club, Mitchell, South Dakota, USA, 15/06/2022 (Alan Outram) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Outram gave a presentation on the project to the Rotary Club, Mitchell, South Dakota, USA |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Public lecture to the Towton Battlefield Society, Yorkshire, 06/03/2023 (Oliver Creighton) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Creighton presents overview of project to the Towton Battlefield Society |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
Description | Radio broadcast |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Outram appeared on Radio 4 show "The Why factor" about horses and discussed the start of our new Warhorse project |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
URL | https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/w3cswrky |
Description | Radio interview, radio Melbourne, Australia, 24/01/2022 (Helene Benkert) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Benkert appears on ABC Radio Melbourne, interview with David Astle on size of warhorses |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Research conference paper at Theoretical Archaeology Group Conference, 18/12/2021 (Kate Kanne) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | Kanne presents online paper at Theoretical Archaeology Group Conference about equestrian mobility and infrastructures |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Research paper (online) for Society for Court Studies, 20/02/2023 (Oliver Creighton) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | Creighton presents overview of project to the Society for Court Studies (online) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Research paper on the project to Leicester University Centre for Medieval Studies (14/11/2023) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Research paper to University Reserach Centre. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
Description | Research paper to archaeology seminar series, University of Manchester, 07/03/2023 (Oliver Creighton) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Creighton presents overview of project to research seminar at the Department of Classics, Ancient History, Archaeology and Egyptology, University of Manchester |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
Description | Research paper, Institute of Archaeology, University of Oxford, 06/02/2023 (Oliver Creighton) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Creighton presents overview of project to research seminar at Institute of Archaeology, University of Oxford |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Seminar presentation to the Museum of London Archaeological Seminar Series, 22/06/2022 (Carly Ameen) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Ameen presents invited seminar to the Museum of London Archaeologi Seminar Series on the Warhorse project and preliminary results from Elverton |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Training workshop Jan 2021 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | On 25th-26th January 2021, Robert Webley ran a material culture training session for Portable Antiquities Scheme staff and volunteers via Zoom across two days. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Training workshop Nov 2020 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | On 10th-11th November 2020, Robert Webley ran a material culture training session for Portable Antiquities Scheme staff and volunteers via Zoom across two days. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | Training workshop for Portable Antiquities Scheme staff and volunteers, 26/04/2021 (Robert Webley) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Webley ran a further material culture training session for the PAS (via Zoom across two days); 26 participants |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |