Maghreb Action on Displacement and Rights (MADAR) Network Plus
Lead Research Organisation:
Keele University
Department Name: Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences
Abstract
The Maghreb Action on Displacement and Rights (MADAR) Network Plus is a regional approach to protection in contexts of conflict and displacement in central Maghreb (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia). MADAR deploys an interdisciplinary approach, a wide range of regional and national research expertise, and established and equitable partnerships with civil society organisations to respond to the complex protection needs of refugees and other displaced people in the region.
Maghreb is an important migration hub with links to Africa, the Middle East and Europe. While it is often assumed to be a region of emigration and transit (South-North), the Maghreb is increasingly a destination, including for thousands of displaced people fleeing conflict and endemic poverty in countries across Africa and the Middle East (e.g. Syria and Libya). Europe relies heavily on the cooperation of its neighbours south of the Mediterranean Sea to manage and curb migration in an attempt to reduce arrivals on European shores. In the case of Maghreb, states are not equipped to deal with the increasing number of displaced people; they have inadequate infrastructures to ensure the humanitarian protection of those who are vulnerable, the rights of displaced people are routinely infringed, and relationships with host populations are often fraught. As a consequence, Maghreb hosts a large number of vulnerable displaced people at risk and in need of protection.
MADAR (Arabic for 'path') responds to SDG16 to: "Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels". MADAR addresses issues faced by Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia to make a transformational impact on the humanitarian protection of vulnerable, displaced people across the Maghreb region. Through interdisciplinary, challenged-led and solution-focused research MADAR aims to:
1) Facilitate interdisciplinary research collaborations drawing on the regional expertise of UK and Maghreb-based scholars from across the arts and humanities and the social and political sciences.
2) Foster partnerships amongst research institutes in the Maghreb and beyond (e.g. MENA) through MADAR's commissioned, high-impact research projects across the region.
3) Promote research-focused partnerships, developing and sharing best practice amongst academics, activists, artists, and practitioners working on displacement.
4) Identify measures to overcome barriers and enhance access for displaced people to healthcare, education, and employment opportunities.
5) Inform policies, legislation and practices on asylum and migration and promote effective institutional frameworks to support displaced people.
6) Collaborate with civil society organisations in tackling the region-specific causes of racism and xenophobia across the Maghreb to develop strategies for lobbying, advocacy and awareness-raising.
MADAR's research findings will contribute to reducing risk and improving protection for displaced people in the Maghreb. It will shape and influence national and regional policies and practices that stimulate and facilitate protection for displaced people in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia respectively. In addition, given its geographical focus, MADAR will generate knowledge which will affect and impact neighbouring regions and beyond.
MADAR's key benefit is enhanced protection for people at risk in the contexts of conflict and displacement in the Maghreb. It will also strengthen the research capacity of scholars in the Maghreb region and beyond. MADAR's sustainable partnership with CSOs in the Maghreb will build capacity and enrich relationships and networks across the region.
Maghreb is an important migration hub with links to Africa, the Middle East and Europe. While it is often assumed to be a region of emigration and transit (South-North), the Maghreb is increasingly a destination, including for thousands of displaced people fleeing conflict and endemic poverty in countries across Africa and the Middle East (e.g. Syria and Libya). Europe relies heavily on the cooperation of its neighbours south of the Mediterranean Sea to manage and curb migration in an attempt to reduce arrivals on European shores. In the case of Maghreb, states are not equipped to deal with the increasing number of displaced people; they have inadequate infrastructures to ensure the humanitarian protection of those who are vulnerable, the rights of displaced people are routinely infringed, and relationships with host populations are often fraught. As a consequence, Maghreb hosts a large number of vulnerable displaced people at risk and in need of protection.
MADAR (Arabic for 'path') responds to SDG16 to: "Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels". MADAR addresses issues faced by Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia to make a transformational impact on the humanitarian protection of vulnerable, displaced people across the Maghreb region. Through interdisciplinary, challenged-led and solution-focused research MADAR aims to:
1) Facilitate interdisciplinary research collaborations drawing on the regional expertise of UK and Maghreb-based scholars from across the arts and humanities and the social and political sciences.
2) Foster partnerships amongst research institutes in the Maghreb and beyond (e.g. MENA) through MADAR's commissioned, high-impact research projects across the region.
3) Promote research-focused partnerships, developing and sharing best practice amongst academics, activists, artists, and practitioners working on displacement.
4) Identify measures to overcome barriers and enhance access for displaced people to healthcare, education, and employment opportunities.
5) Inform policies, legislation and practices on asylum and migration and promote effective institutional frameworks to support displaced people.
6) Collaborate with civil society organisations in tackling the region-specific causes of racism and xenophobia across the Maghreb to develop strategies for lobbying, advocacy and awareness-raising.
MADAR's research findings will contribute to reducing risk and improving protection for displaced people in the Maghreb. It will shape and influence national and regional policies and practices that stimulate and facilitate protection for displaced people in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia respectively. In addition, given its geographical focus, MADAR will generate knowledge which will affect and impact neighbouring regions and beyond.
MADAR's key benefit is enhanced protection for people at risk in the contexts of conflict and displacement in the Maghreb. It will also strengthen the research capacity of scholars in the Maghreb region and beyond. MADAR's sustainable partnership with CSOs in the Maghreb will build capacity and enrich relationships and networks across the region.
Planned Impact
MADAR aims to directly impact the lives of those affected by displacement and to enhance the research and advocacy capacity of civil society organisations (CSOs) in the Maghreb and other South-South displacement contexts, especially LMIC countries bordering the Global North (e.g. Turkey, Mexico etc.). Drawing on expertise from across the arts and humanities and the social and political sciences, and from partnerships with CSOs, MADAR will generate evidence-based solutions to the diverse and gendered protection challenges facing displaced people across the Maghreb. Co-designed and co-delivered with our partners in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, MADAR will have implications for direct beneficiaries (i.e. institutions and individuals directly involved in MADAR Network Plus activities) and indirect beneficiaries (i.e. those who are not directly involved in MADAR Network Plus activities but will benefit from MADAR's outcomes):
1. DISPLACED PEOPLE IN MOROCCO, ALGERIA, AND TUNISIA. MADAR will generate positive societal impacts by commissioning research to address the challenges of how to effectively affirm protective rights and mitigate harm to vulnerable, conflict-induced internally displaced people, refugees and asylum seekers in the Maghreb. Displaced people directly involved in MADAR activities and funded research projects will benefit from opportunities to contribute to designing effective solutions to the challenges they face. Displaced people across the Maghreb will benefit indirectly from improvements to protection practices and policies that are informed by MADAR research conducted across the region. Displaced people across the Maghreb will benefit indirectly from improved community relations as a result of the touring/online exhibition and complementary outreach activities that aim to increase awareness and understanding of the challenges faced by displaced people and to improve attitudes and discourses amongst wider publics towards displaced people in the region.
2. MADAR PROJECT PARTNERS AND OTHER CSOs WORKING ON CONFLICT AND DISPLACEMENT ACROSS THE MAGHREB. MADAR Project Partner CSOs will benefit directly from the enhancement of their organisational culture and research and advocacy capacity through the co-design and co-delivery of MADAR. MADAR Project Partners and other CSO practitioner participants in MADAR activities (e.g. advocates, human rights and humanitarian organisations, and lobbyists) will benefit directly from enhanced capacity to support displaced communities, developed through training workshops and networking activities designed to foster sustainable cross-sector partnerships amongst researchers and practitioners. More generally, CSOs and individual practitioners working on conflict and displacement across the Maghreb will benefit indirectly from enhanced research and advocacy capacity to support displaced communities through MADAR's handbook on protection in contexts of displacement in the Maghreb region.
3. POLICY AND OTHER DECISION-MAKERS ACROSS THE MAGHREB AND BEYOND. Relevant policy-makers and state bodies in each of the Maghreb countries (i.e. Parliamentary working groups on migration and Ministries of the Interior and of Migration), international institutions with a presence in the Maghreb (e.g. IOM and UNHCR), and relevant institutions beyond the Maghreb (African Union, European Union Commission, and UK FCO, DfID, and All-Party Parliamentary Group on migration and refugees) will benefit from multilingual, up-to-date, evidence-based research findings (in the form of country-specific policy briefs) to inform changes in practice, policy, and legislation (e.g. anti-racism, asylum, and migration) at the local, national, and transnational levels.
1. DISPLACED PEOPLE IN MOROCCO, ALGERIA, AND TUNISIA. MADAR will generate positive societal impacts by commissioning research to address the challenges of how to effectively affirm protective rights and mitigate harm to vulnerable, conflict-induced internally displaced people, refugees and asylum seekers in the Maghreb. Displaced people directly involved in MADAR activities and funded research projects will benefit from opportunities to contribute to designing effective solutions to the challenges they face. Displaced people across the Maghreb will benefit indirectly from improvements to protection practices and policies that are informed by MADAR research conducted across the region. Displaced people across the Maghreb will benefit indirectly from improved community relations as a result of the touring/online exhibition and complementary outreach activities that aim to increase awareness and understanding of the challenges faced by displaced people and to improve attitudes and discourses amongst wider publics towards displaced people in the region.
2. MADAR PROJECT PARTNERS AND OTHER CSOs WORKING ON CONFLICT AND DISPLACEMENT ACROSS THE MAGHREB. MADAR Project Partner CSOs will benefit directly from the enhancement of their organisational culture and research and advocacy capacity through the co-design and co-delivery of MADAR. MADAR Project Partners and other CSO practitioner participants in MADAR activities (e.g. advocates, human rights and humanitarian organisations, and lobbyists) will benefit directly from enhanced capacity to support displaced communities, developed through training workshops and networking activities designed to foster sustainable cross-sector partnerships amongst researchers and practitioners. More generally, CSOs and individual practitioners working on conflict and displacement across the Maghreb will benefit indirectly from enhanced research and advocacy capacity to support displaced communities through MADAR's handbook on protection in contexts of displacement in the Maghreb region.
3. POLICY AND OTHER DECISION-MAKERS ACROSS THE MAGHREB AND BEYOND. Relevant policy-makers and state bodies in each of the Maghreb countries (i.e. Parliamentary working groups on migration and Ministries of the Interior and of Migration), international institutions with a presence in the Maghreb (e.g. IOM and UNHCR), and relevant institutions beyond the Maghreb (African Union, European Union Commission, and UK FCO, DfID, and All-Party Parliamentary Group on migration and refugees) will benefit from multilingual, up-to-date, evidence-based research findings (in the form of country-specific policy briefs) to inform changes in practice, policy, and legislation (e.g. anti-racism, asylum, and migration) at the local, national, and transnational levels.
Publications
Palladino M
(2023)
Compromise and complicity: partnership and interdependence in a global challenges research collaboration
in Global Social Challenges Journal
Naili F
(2022)
Booklet-Creatives Unlimited (CU+)
Title | BOZA Trailer |
Description | MADAR partner Racines aisbl have produced the trailer for a documentary film that showcases the stories of the struggles of three sub-Saharan individuals living in Morocco, each with a different story. The film aims to raise public awareness of the real trajectories of migrants and the difficulties they face and to participate in the deconstruction of the media discourse on the issues of migration and forced displacement in Morocco. |
Type Of Art | Film/Video/Animation |
Year Produced | 2022 |
Impact | The film has made it into the official selection of the Lift-off Festival, which will bring the issues to a larger audience, both international and regional and trigger a discussion regarding the migratory conditions in Morocco. The trailer has been shared with Racines aisbl's networks, and has been viewed by a large audience. |
URL | https://vimeo.com/757645256 |
Title | Creative unlimited CU+ trailer |
Description | Creatives Unlimited -CU" is a holistic initiative that joins the efforts of different actors involved in the themes of migration and displacement, be it from academia, art, culture, education and social sciences. The research-creation-action project brought together artists from host and displaced vulnerable communities to co-create a common multidisciplinary performance (music, visual arts, urban dance) that promotes common positive values such as cohesion, mutual understanding, inclusion & diversity. Creatives Unlimited-CU addressed issues of vulnerability in all its forms on migrant routes and in host countries (Tunisia and Maghreb countries) and forms of exclusion (racism, xenophobia, etc.) through the prism of gender and on the experiences of artists, displaced people, women and gender minorities. 30 artists from 12 different countries worked together ( Gabon, Congo, Cote d'ivoire, Ghana, Angola) during 6 months, on a collective performance, called "Home: The world" inspired by the poem of Warsan Shire ( British- Somali poet) |
Type Of Art | Film/Video/Animation |
Year Produced | 2022 |
Impact | The development of the performance has created an opportunity to author a collective artwork- in- progress with the larger public in Tunisia. Creatives Unlimited has contributed to shaping the preconceived perceptions around arts, culture and the role of migrant artists in economic and social development. This was done by providing a space for artist migrants to share their experiences and capacities and convey them in an artistic manner. The performance/project has also led to the consolidation of a network of young creatives and has ensured decent creative work and income opportunities. |
URL | https://www.facebook.com/LaFabriqueArtStudio/posts/pfbid029xcxbU1Hsu9JYZMK6u3ebFrjjt5Crd5tgUsL8Nev9E... |
Title | Maghreb Action on Displacement and Rights |
Description | An animated promotional video was created to introduce the project aims and project partners. The filmmaker is based in Morocco. |
Type Of Art | Film/Video/Animation |
Year Produced | 2020 |
Impact | The film has been used by partners in the Maghreb (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia) to promote the aims of the MADAR network and to facilitate an understanding of the project with potential applicants to MADAR's funding calls. |
Title | Témoigner pour agir: Aida gives her testimony for action |
Description | MADAR partner Racines aisbl has produced a short film as part of a platform that gathers testimonies from migrants and NGOs/Activists working on the issue of migration and forced displacement in North Africa. The film shares the testimonial of Aida Kheireddine, activist and a social worker, describes her experience and life story as a person from a foreign family based in Morocco. |
Type Of Art | Film/Video/Animation |
Year Produced | 2023 |
Impact | The output is part of a larger campaign to raise awareness of issues of urgent concern related to migration and forced displacement while seeking to inform and shape policy at the national and international levels- as the film was recently released there are no impacts to report as yet. |
URL | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kmdmIK_dQRU&feature=youtu.be |
Title | Témoigner pour agir: Nya gives her testimony for action! |
Description | MADAR partner Racines aisbl has produced a short film as part of a platform that gathers testimonies from migrants and NGOs/Activists working on the issue of migration and forced displacement in North Africa. The film shares the testimonial of the feminist activist Nyabang Otto, originally from South Sudan, on her journey and her experience of settlement in Morocco. |
Type Of Art | Film/Video/Animation |
Year Produced | 2023 |
Impact | The output is part of a larger campaign to raise awareness of issues of urgent concern related to migration and forced displacement while seeking to inform and shape policy at the national and international levels- as the film was recently released there are no impacts to report as yet. |
URL | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ElAgxhjcZQM |
Description | 'Témoigner pour Agir' campaign |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | 'Témoigner pour agir' is a platform which gathers testimonies of migrants in North Africa. Set up under the aegis of the MADAR (Maghreb Action for Displacement and Rights) Network Plus, we filmed two videos (one in Arabic and the other in French) calling for testimonies. A facebook group has been created for this purpose to bring together all the testimonies received. The call for testimonies was publicised across our social media and on our website and cross publicised with our partners. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021,2022 |
URL | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSwCmWN-p54&t=2s&ab_channel=MADARNetworkPlus |
Description | AMI Workshop with migrants in the Tafilalet region |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
Results and Impact | MADAR partner AMI, organized as part of the MADAR project an event on 26 November 2022 with migrant communities living in Errachadia and the Tafilalet region of Morocco. 26 participants attended the event, including 4 women, coming from Niger, Senegal, Mali Guinea Conakry, Republic of Congo and Democratic Republic of Congo. The discussion focused on living conditions faced by migrants in the region and their future prospects. At the end of the meeting, the students present requested to benefit from a seminar on the migration issue in Morocco and the rest of Africa. Contacts were also made with school and high school directors in the city of Errachidia. This meeting resulted in 2 important decisions. The first was to encourage the enrolment of migrant children in schools in the region; the second was to organize periodic workshops to raise awareness of migrants' rights in Morocco, both to Moroccan officials and associations as to the migrants themselves. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Algeria MADAR Network+ Pre call worksop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | The Algeria team (CREAD and Caritas) held a workshop with academics, civil society actors and artists in December 2020 in order to identify key research and action priorities, on a local and regional level. The workshop led to many discussions and exchange of views and the outcomes of this meeting will directly feed into MADAR's project calls. The meeting also led to an increased awareness and understanding of the MADAR Network. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://madar-network.org/en/events/ |
Description | Blog post - INTERCULTURALITY AND PERFORMANCE: CREATIVE EXPRESSION AND MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING IN THE MAGHREB. |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | A blog post summarising MADAR's second webinar on the theme "Interculturality and Performance,". The blog was shared on social media and with partners. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://madar-network.org/en/blog/interculturality-and-performance-creative-expression-and-mutual-un... |
Description | Consultation workshop -Morocco (Casablanca-Settat) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | MADAR's project partner in Morocco, Racines, held a workshop in the Casablanca-Settat region with civil society, practitioners, researchers, cultural stakeholders and artists working in the fields of migration, protection and conflict to discuss the most urgent issues in terms of humanitarian protection of vulnerable displaced persons in the Maghreb central region (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia). The workshop led to many discussions and exchange of views and the outcomes of this meeting will directly feed into MADAR's project calls. The meeting also led to an increased awareness and understanding of the MADAR Network. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | Consultation workshop -Morocco (Draa Tafilalet) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | MADAR's project partner in Morocco, Racines, held a workshop in the DraaTafilalet, region with civil society, practitioners, researchers, cultural stakeholders and artists working in the fields of migration, protection and conflict to discuss the most urgent issues in terms of humanitarian protection of vulnerable displaced persons in the Maghreb central region (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia). The workshop led to many discussions and exchange of views and the outcomes of this meeting will directly feed into MADAR's project calls. The meeting also led to an increased awareness and understanding of the MADAR Network. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | Consultation workshop -Morocco (Fes) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | MADAR's project partner in Morocco, Racines, held a workshop in the Fès-Meknès region with civil society, practitioners, researchers, cultural stakeholders and artists working in the fields of migration, protection and conflict to discuss the most urgent issues in terms of humanitarian protection of vulnerable displaced persons in the Maghreb central region (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia). The workshop led to many discussions and exchange of views and the outcomes of this meeting will directly feed into MADAR's project calls. The meeting also led to an increased awareness and understanding of the MADAR Network. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | Consultation workshop -Morocco (Rabat-Salé-Kénitra) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | MADAR's project partner in Morocco, Racines, held a workshop in the Rabat-Salé-Kénitra region with civil society, practitioners, researchers, cultural stakeholders and artists working in the fields of migration, protection and conflict to discuss the most urgent issues in terms of humanitarian protection of vulnerable displaced persons in the Maghreb central region (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia). The workshop led to many discussions and exchange of views and the outcomes of this meeting will directly feed into MADAR's project calls. The meeting also led to an increased awareness and understanding of the MADAR Network. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | Consultation workshop -Morocco (Souss-Massa) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | MADAR's project partner in Morocco, Racines, held a workshop in the Souss-Massa region with civil society, practitioners, researchers, cultural stakeholders and artists working in the fields of migration, protection and conflict to discuss the most urgent issues in terms of humanitarian protection of vulnerable displaced persons in the Maghreb central region (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia). The workshop led to many discussions and exchange of views and the outcomes of this meeting will directly feed into MADAR's project calls. The meeting also led to an increased awareness and understanding of the MADAR Network. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | Consultation workshop -Morocco (Tanger) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | MADAR's project partner in Morocco, Racines, held a workshop in the Tanger-Tétouan-Al Hoceima region with civil society, practitioners, researchers, cultural stakeholders and artists working in the fields of migration, protection and conflict to discuss the most urgent issues in terms of humanitarian protection of vulnerable displaced persons in the Maghreb central region (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia). The workshop led to many discussions and exchange of views and the outcomes of this meeting will directly feed into MADAR's project calls. The meeting also led to an increased awareness and understanding of the MADAR Network. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | Creative Unlimited |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | The Creative Unlimited workshop gathered artists from migrants and host communities to discuss their artistic rights and needs.30 artists have been involved in the process of creating a manifesto for a better life together to promote diversity, equality and inclusion. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://www.facebook.com/LaFabriqueArtStudio/ |
Description | Equality, Diversity and Inclusion workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | In 2020 MADAR held a number of cross-sector capacity building and training workshops with external facilitators and project partners including a session on Equality, Diversity and Inclusion. The training led to increased awareness and understanding among the team and formed the basis for the co-development of a MADAR Equality, Diversity and Inclusion workshop policy and procedure. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | First internal meeting of the MADAR network |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | The MADAR (Maghreb Action on Displacements and Rights) network partners had their first in person (after COVID) meeting in Dar Belgacem, Tunis. The meeting occurred on the 27th, 28th and 29th of June 2022. Over three days, each partner presented its regional action and research work, the challenges encountered and the opportunities to be seized and reflected on the work of MADAR so far. As part of the meeting, MADAR partner organisation in Tunisia,"Our Culture First" also organised a film screening and engagement event, which was attended by 30 people, including artists, representatives from British Council and Embassies, civil society organisations, migrants' organisations, and academics. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://mailchi.mp/76d4463a8316/madar-network-newsletter-4th-issue-august-2022 |
Description | Gender-based violence in the context of migration |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | To mark the end of the 16 Days of Activism against Gender-Based Violence, MADAR hosted a webinar with three other organisations (International Detention Coalition, a speaker from Collectif des Jeunes Femmes Migrantes Solidaires, and the Tunisia Refugee Council). The webinar shed light on gender-based violence in the context of migration and forced displacement, within the Greater Maghreb region. Panelists provided an overview of the situation of migrant women and girls in Tunisia, Libya and Morocco and presented different examples of initiatives and projects that have contributed to preventing violence against migrant women and girls in the region. 31 people joined the webinar, initiating interest in our work and spreading further to other academics, NGOs, and policy makers. The webinar also contributed to MADAR widening our network of partners. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://madar-network.org/en/events/Webinar-on-gender-based-violence-in-the-context-of-migration/ |
Description | MADAR Facebook page |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | A MADAR Facebook page was set up in May 2021 to promote the MADAR network, build awareness of our work, and encourage participation and engagement in our opportunities from the Maghreb and beyond. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://www.facebook.com/MadarNetworkPlus |
Description | MADAR Newsletter Issue 1 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | The MADAR newsletter was launched in December 2021 to disseminate the research network's activities: news, events, and opportunities around our core focus of migration and forced displacement in the central Maghreb region "Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia" as well as serving as a forum for our partners and others we work with to access our network. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021,2022 |
URL | https://mailchi.mp/726ceb245657/madar-newsletter-1-issue |
Description | MADAR Newsletter Issue 2 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | Our second newsletter was published in March 2022 and highlighted a forthcoming workshop for journalists organised by our partner Racines aisbl. It also included information on our last webinar, the campaign 'Témoigner pour agir' and a new podcast. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://mailchi.mp/0dc19daad6d0/madar-newsletter-2-issue |
Description | MADAR Newsletter Issue 3 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | Our third newsletter was published in May 2022 and highlighted our call for applications for action-research grants as well as provided information about an online information session for interested applicants. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://mailchi.mp/5237b1b7996b/call-for-applications-madar |
Description | MADAR Newsletter Issue 4 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | Our fourth newsletter was published in August 2022 and highlighted our call for applications for action-research grants; provided a brief overview of our first internal meeting of the MADAR network held in Tunis in June 2022; and shared information on partner Work Packages. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://us20.campaign-archive.com/?u=16bd22fe5f14b4ab899fd206f&id=8097124898 |
Description | MADAR Podcast: 'Andy de l'Autre' |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | This series of podcasts aims to explore the role of arts in the lives of migrants. The series shares inspiring stories of men and women who have experienced migration. In this first podcast: 'Andy de l'Autre' a sub-Saharan artist recounts his migration experience in Tunisia. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://soundcloud.com/madarnetworkplus |
Description | MADAR podcast: Jordan |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | This series of podcasts aims to explore the role of arts in the lives of migrants. The series shares inspiring stories of men and women who have experienced migration. In this second podcast: 'Jordan' shares his thoughts about his migration experience and his engagement with the creative migrants community in Tunisia. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://soundcloud.com/madarnetworkplus |
Description | MADAR website |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | A dedicated multilingual and interactive MADAR Network Plus website was set up in 2020 to increase the visibility of MADAR outputs and promote wider public engagement. The website will showcase activities, resources and outputs as they are created throughout the project; promote Dissemination events; and host blogs by MADAR team and Project Partners, researchers, and practitioners from commissioned projects. The website has hosted 2 blog posts by MADAR project Partners, which have also been shared on our social media platforms (Twitter). |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020,2021 |
URL | https://madar-network.org/en/ |
Description | Online Information session for MADAR Large and Small Grants-English |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | MADAR hosted a grant writing and information session, in English in July 2022, as a follow up to the French session that was held in June 2022. The session provided details on how to apply and the application process for applying for a Large or Small Grant. The session was held in English and also provided information and tips on how to write the grant. There were 20 participants, and the session led to further interest and engagement in applying for a MADAR grant. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://madar-network.org/en/news/online-information-session-for-madar-grants/ |
Description | Online Information session for MADAR Large and Small Grants-FRENCH |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | This information session was held in French in June 2022, in order to provide information on the application process and how to apply to a MADAR Large and/or Small Grant. 65 participants attended the session, which sparked further questions on the process, and this led to the request for a further information session on applying to the grants. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Online Information session for MADAR Large and Small Grants-session two |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | This information session was held in August 2022, as a follow up to a first information session on how to apply to a MADAR Large and/or Small Grant. 20 participants attended the session, which sparked further questions on the process, and resulted in some participants applying to the open call for funding. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Presentation of MADAR Work Package results -AMI Morocco |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | MADAR Co-I, Mehdi Lahlou, shared information from an upcoming report commissioned by MADAR during during a regional fora, held by the International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD) in Sevilla, Spain, on June 2022. This has resulted in increased awareness on the results of the research as well as further visibility of the MADAR Network. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Press coverage of Racines aisbl Work Package report in Tanmia media |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | Tanmia (a networking platform in Morocco, which promotes projects, studies, initiatives led by civil society organizations and researchers, within Morocco) wrote an article about MADAR partner Racines aisbl's study on migration policy in Morocco. This press coverage will extend the reach of the report to a wide audience, including the general public |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://tanmia.ma/09-03-2023/53784/ |
Description | Press coverage of report |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | ENASS media in Morocco wrote an article about MADAR partner in Morocco, Racines aisbl's, new policy report on 'Migration policy in Morocco: Between European pressures and Moroccan blackmail" . The coverage of the report in the media has amplified the reach of the report. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://enass.ma/2023/01/09/migration-une-nouvelle-etude-fait-le-bilan-de-la-snia/ |
Description | Press release - "NEW RESEARCH PROJECT TO IMPROVE PROTECTION OF DISPLACED PEOPLE IN NORTH AFRICA." |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | Keele university (in collaboration with the MADAR team) published a press release to officially announce the MADAR Network+ project. The press release was shared with media contacts and circulated widely on Twitter. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://madar-network.org/en/news/ |
Description | Project partner blog post: CARITAS ALGÉRIE - UNE AIDE HUMANITAIRE AUX MIGRANTS |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | A blog post written by MADAR partner organisation Caritas Algeria, outlining the humanitarian work they carry out with migrants. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://madar-network.org/en/blog/caritas-alg%C3%A9rie-une-aide-humanitaire-aux-migrants/ |
Description | Project partner blog: GENERAL OVERVIEW OF WOMEN AND MIGRATION: INCLUDING CASES FROM TUNISIA |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Ferdaous Naili (Research and Programs Assistant, La Fabrique Art Studio) wrote a blog post for the MADAR website on the role of women in migration and trans-regional movements, with examples from Tunisia. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://madar-network.org/en/blog/general-overview-women-and-migration-including-cases-tunisia/ |
Description | Project partner blog: Public space and theater to promote diversity in Morocco |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | MADAR project partner, Dounia Benslimane from Moroccoan organisation Racines aisbl, wrote a blog post for the MADAR website reflecting on advocacy in public spaces and the obstacles that were encountered as part of the Mix City project and the use of forum theater. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://madar-network.org/en/blog/mix-city-et-bhal-bhal/ |
Description | Roundtable discussion "Gaps and good practices in national protection frameworks" |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Four members of the MADAR team -Co-I Hassen Boubakri from the University of Sousse in Tunisia, and Khaled Menna, Soumia Bouchouk and Hanane Mansour from the Research Center in Applied Economics for Development (CREAD) in Algeria - were invited to speak at a roundtable discussion on "Gaps and good practices in national protection frameworks". The roundtable formed part of a virtual policy workshop organised by the Mixed Migration Centre and the UNHCR on protection challenges in the Central & Western Mediterranean Routes. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | http://www.mixedmigration.org/articles/live-unhcr-mmc-policy-workshop/ |
Description | Safeguarding training |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | In 2020 MADAR held a number of cross-sector capacity building and training workshops with external facilitators and project partners including a session on safeguarding. The training led to increased awareness of safeguarding issues and formed the basis for the co-development of a MADAR Safeguarding policy and procedure. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | THE NATIONAL IMMIGRATION AND ASYLUM STRATEGY (NIAS): THE UNCERTAINTY REVOLVING AROUND REFUGEE POLICIES AND REFLECTED IN THE DESIRE FOR INTEGRATION AND BORDER CONTROL. |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | A blog written by two Moroccan academics was posted on MADAR's website in June 2022, as part of a scoping project under the aegis of MADAR, focusing on migration in Morocco. The blog post examines the uncertainty around refugee policies in Morocco and has been shared with partner organisations as well as the general public via the MADAR mailing list and on MADAR social media channels, in order to increase awareness and understanding of migration issues amongst the general public in Morocco, the UK and beyond. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://madar-network.org/en/blog/the-national-immigration-and-asylum-strategy-nias-the-uncertainty-... |
Description | Training on Monitoring and Evaluation |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | The training was intended to support partners of MADAR (largely third sector) to improve their skills in monitoring and evaluating projects that they would carry out. The training was carried out by professional experts, based in Palestine, in this field who MADAR had built a strong relationship with through our previous activity. This is a strong example of South-South exchange. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://ctdc.org/ |
Description | Training workshop- ethics and risk |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | In 2020 MADAR held a number of cross-sector capacity building and training workshops with external facilitators and project partners including a session on ethics and risks. The training led to increased awareness and understanding among the team and formed the basis for the co-development of a MADAR Ethics and Risk policy and procedure. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | WEBINAR: GOING HOME |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | On 20th June 2022, MADAR Network Plus hosted a webinar on the history of refugee repatriation, with a focus on the return of Algerian refugees to Algeria from Morocco and Tunisia at the end of their country's war of independence. The talk set out ways to think about the complex history of refugee repatriation in general. The talk was part of Refugee Week Scotland programme, and allowed MADAR to establish new partnerships and engage with a wider audience. https://www.refugeefestivalscotland.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/RFS-2022-Highlights-Review.pdf |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://madar-network.org/en/events/going-home/ |
Description | WEBINAR: INTERCULTURALITY AND PERFORMANCE - CREATIVE EXPRESSION AND MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING IN THE MAGHREB |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | MADAR's second webinar was an exploration of the theme "Interculturality and Performance," following on from World Refugee Day on June 20th, and to celebrate World Music Day on June 21st. These events are open to the public and we seek to address a wide variety of audiences. There were 25 people in attendance and the webinar enabled MADAR to build our network and initiate conversations on the main topics and themes related to MADAR. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://madar-network.org/en/events/webinar-interculturality-and-performance/ |
Description | Webinar on gendered vulnerabilities |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | MADAR's third webinar took place on 18 November 2021 and explored "how gender (including genders beyond the binary) affects migration trajectory? and how is vulnerability gendered?". This webinar was organised in collaboration with MECAM in Tunis. 71 people joined the webinar initiating interest in our work and spreading further to NGOs, INGOs and governments. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://madar-network.org/en/events/gendered-vulnerabilities/ |
Description | Webinar with academics- Algeria |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | The webinar, organised by MADAR project partners in Algeria, CREAD and Caritas, brought together 20 academics to introduce the MADAR project as well as the incentives and opportunities offered by this network. The participants were introduced to the aims of MADAR, to promote multidisciplinary projects and to work alongside civil society organisations and artists to create a new spirit of academic research and a global and more in-depth reading of the issue of forced displacement in the central Maghreb region. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | Webinar with civil society organsations and artists- Algeria |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | The webinar, hosted by MADAR partner in Algeria, Caritas, brought together Algerian civil society organisations and artists to introduced the MADAR Network & projects, including the desired objectives of the project, how to participate, and a discussion on how to influence decision-makers regarding pressure to improve, change and apply the protection laws for vulnerable groups of forcibly displaced persons. There was a great interest in the project among participants, and it was seen as an opportunity to link their human rights work with academic research, in order to translate protection challenges into concrete solutions. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | Webinar: Destination Tunisia : Changing border regimes and Syrian Displacement Trajectories in the Global South' |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | On February 8th 2022, MADAR Network Plus led organisation and carried out this webinar with Mixed Migration Center (MMC) and Merian Center for Advanced Studies in the Maghreb (MECAM). The webinar gave insights into Syrians' flight trajectories to Tunisia, the most common routes taken, journey experiences and intentions for the future, based on recent ethnographic research as well as quantitative survey data. The discussion also demonstrated how pre-war and trade migration ties between Syria and Tunisia on the one hand and Tunisia's complex migration landscape on the other hand have shaped Syrians' conditions of arrival. This was a interdisciplinary and international forum creating links across and between the international research and activist communities. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://madar-network.org/en/events/webinar-destination-tunisia/ |
Description | Webinar: Migration, Displacement and the Arts |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | 55 people attend MADAR's first webinar in our webinar series, bringing together members of the MADAR network and external speakers, to explore questions and topics - such as antiracist advocacy, action research, and gender in the context of migration- interlinked with the challenges of displacement and protection in the Maghreb region. The first webinar in the series explored arts-based methodologies and displacement and included MADAR partners as well as an external speaker from a university in Algeria. There was a lot of interest in the webinar from external audiences and this enabled MADAR to build our network and initiate conversations on the main topics and themes related to MADAR. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://madar-network.org/en/events/webinar-migration-displacement-and-the-arts/ |
Description | Workshop for journalists on migration and forced displacement |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | Under the umbrella of the MADAR Work Package led by MADAR partner Racines aisbl, SENICAR, in partnership with Réseau Marocain des Journalistes des Migrations, organised a workshop for media and journalists on 15th and 16th March 2022 in Casablanca. About twenty participants from several Moroccan cities (Casablanca, Rabat, Fez, Beni Mellal, Kenitra, Tiflet, Tangier, Agadir and Tata) working in national and regional media, covering news and stories related to migration and forced displacement, attended the workshop. Many participants had not previously worked on migration and forced displacement issues, and the workshop has prompted them to address the issue in their papers and reports, as well as create an informal network to keep in touch on these issues. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://madar-network.org/en/events/15-16-march-2022-workshop-for-journalists-on-migration-and-force... |
Description | Workshop on 'Migration, displacement, protection and Arts for the MADAR project' (Tunisia) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | MADAR's project partners in Tunisia, Notre Culture D'abord, along with the University of Sousse, held a workshop with participants from the creative sector, academia and civil society on the themes of migration, displacement, protection and arts. The workshop participants identified key research and action priorities, on a local and regional level and the outcomes of this meeting will directly feed into MADAR's project calls. The meeting also led to an increased awareness and understanding of the MADAR Network. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://www.facebook.com/notreculturedabord/ |
Description | Workshop training on Principles |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | In 2020 MADAR held a number of cross-sector capacity building and training workshops with external facilitators and project partners including a session on Principles. The training led to increased awareness and understanding among the team on the main principles and terms of engagement that inform the MADAR project. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | Writing workshop organised by Racines in Morocco |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | MADAR partner organisation Racines organised a writing workshop in the city of Tiznit in Morocco in July 2022. The aim of the workshop was to provide writing tips and assistance to organisations interested in applying for MADAR's call for applications for Large and Small grants. The meeting was attended by 15 organisations, who expressed interest in applying for the MADAR funding call. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | news coverage |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | MADAR partner in Morocco, Racines aisbl, collaborated with Enass media in Morocco to cover the release of Racines's report on the politics of migration in Morocco and to answer questions about the number of people migrating to Morocco. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://enass.ma/2023/01/09/profil-migratoire-du-maroc-5-chiffres-pour-comprendre/ |