Controlling enteric pathogens of poultry: Host/microbiota interactions, risk assessment and effective management interventions
Lead Research Organisation:
Royal Veterinary College
Department Name: Pathology and Pathogen Biology
Abstract
The global human population is predicted to increase by a third over the next 25 years, with countries of the developing world hosting 97% of this expansion. The ability to 'feed 9Bn people sustainably by 2050' is an urgent priority Indian and UK governments with the 12th Indian Five Year Plan requiring growth of the agricultural sector at 4% per annum to achieve food security. Poultry farming is a highly efficient and cost-effective system for producing animal protein for human consumption, but circulating infectious diseases compromise gut health and impact dramatically on farm economics, animal welfare and occasionally human health through transmission of zoonoses. Poultry gastrointestinal infections of most concern in UK and India are caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium perfringens, Eimeria and Salmonella.
Susceptibility to gut colonisation and the outcomes of infection are directly influenced by many factors including host genotype, immune status, age at infection, strain of infecting microbe, composition of commensal enteric microbiota and presence of other acute or chronic infections. There are significant interactions between host and microbe biology, genetics, epigenetics, the environment and farm practices. Changes to diet, use of vaccines or antimicrobials, and flock-level interventions such as 'thinning', can have profound effects on intestinal health and the evolution and spread of disease-causing microbes and may be amplified by genetic variation in host and microbe populations. Whilst major advances in genomics and genotyping of commercial poultry lines is facilitating the identification of loci linked to susceptibility or resistance, the impact of host and pathogen diversity on disease and production outcomes remains largely unexplored.
There is rich genetic diversity in India's native poultry breeds, and the hybrid exotic lines often used in Indian commercial production are distinct from the majority of poultry reared in the UK. The prevalence and dynamics of gastrointestinal infection at farm-level has a direct bearing on economic risk to individual farmers and contributes to overall global concerns of food security and food safety.
Gaps in current knowledge prompt four fundamental questions around which this proposal is framed:
1. What is the epidemiology of specified gastrointestinal infections, and co-infections, across UK and Indian poultry production systems?
2. Does host genotype exert an influence on (a) the prevalence, evolution and transmission of specified microbes and (b) the composition of flock-level enteric microbiota?
3. What is the level of genetic variation within specific microbial populations in Indian and UK poultry production?
4. What on-farm factors affect the risk of enteric colonisation and carriage of specified microbes and how can changes in poultry husbandry and management practices mitigate this risk?
The proposal brings together UK and India experts in poultry genetics, animal health, epidemiology, pathology and pathogen biology. A multidisciplinary approach combining metagenomic sequencing, high density SNP-based QTL mapping, bacteriology, parasitology, molecular epidemiology and mathematical modelling will be used to quantify and predict disease risks at farm and national levels and to inform the development of intervention and management strategies, including future breeding and husbandry planning.
Susceptibility to gut colonisation and the outcomes of infection are directly influenced by many factors including host genotype, immune status, age at infection, strain of infecting microbe, composition of commensal enteric microbiota and presence of other acute or chronic infections. There are significant interactions between host and microbe biology, genetics, epigenetics, the environment and farm practices. Changes to diet, use of vaccines or antimicrobials, and flock-level interventions such as 'thinning', can have profound effects on intestinal health and the evolution and spread of disease-causing microbes and may be amplified by genetic variation in host and microbe populations. Whilst major advances in genomics and genotyping of commercial poultry lines is facilitating the identification of loci linked to susceptibility or resistance, the impact of host and pathogen diversity on disease and production outcomes remains largely unexplored.
There is rich genetic diversity in India's native poultry breeds, and the hybrid exotic lines often used in Indian commercial production are distinct from the majority of poultry reared in the UK. The prevalence and dynamics of gastrointestinal infection at farm-level has a direct bearing on economic risk to individual farmers and contributes to overall global concerns of food security and food safety.
Gaps in current knowledge prompt four fundamental questions around which this proposal is framed:
1. What is the epidemiology of specified gastrointestinal infections, and co-infections, across UK and Indian poultry production systems?
2. Does host genotype exert an influence on (a) the prevalence, evolution and transmission of specified microbes and (b) the composition of flock-level enteric microbiota?
3. What is the level of genetic variation within specific microbial populations in Indian and UK poultry production?
4. What on-farm factors affect the risk of enteric colonisation and carriage of specified microbes and how can changes in poultry husbandry and management practices mitigate this risk?
The proposal brings together UK and India experts in poultry genetics, animal health, epidemiology, pathology and pathogen biology. A multidisciplinary approach combining metagenomic sequencing, high density SNP-based QTL mapping, bacteriology, parasitology, molecular epidemiology and mathematical modelling will be used to quantify and predict disease risks at farm and national levels and to inform the development of intervention and management strategies, including future breeding and husbandry planning.
Technical Summary
Our overarching hypothesis is that QTL controlling resistance to micro-organisms of veterinary and zoonotic importance are segregating in native Indian and modern commercial chickens. Further, we hypothesise that the composition of the commensal enteric microbiota, and thus its influence on colonisation by a panel of pathogenic micro-organisms, is also underpinned by host QTL. Finally, we hypothesise that the impact of management strategy on this dynamic system is also shaped by QTL.
We will perform whole genome association (WGA) for traits including resistance to enteric colonisation by a panel of pathogens with veterinary and zoonotic relevance, as well as variation in microbiome composition, as defined by metagenomic next-generation sequencing and qPCR of the caecal microbiota. These data will also be used to investigate genetic diversity among the targeted micro-organisms, supplemented by whole genome shotgun sequencing of up to 40 cultured field isolates, informing on the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors. These data will support molecular epidemiological characterisation of microbial flow and development of existing mathematical models of pathogen interactions and spread within farmed chickens. Ultimately these interlinked data will be integrated into a probabilistic risk assessment of poultry management to identify optimal parameters for production using local and global commercial chicken lines.
The overall aim is to identify markers (SNPs), candidate genes and eventually causative mutations for resistance/susceptibility to colonisation by specific micro-organisms. The resistance-associated genotypes will inform commercial breeding programmes to reduce risk to the secure supply of safe animal protein and improve animal welfare. In a broader context these studies will develop a series of recommendations for effective and safe poultry production utilising native Indian breeds and regional production strategies.
We will perform whole genome association (WGA) for traits including resistance to enteric colonisation by a panel of pathogens with veterinary and zoonotic relevance, as well as variation in microbiome composition, as defined by metagenomic next-generation sequencing and qPCR of the caecal microbiota. These data will also be used to investigate genetic diversity among the targeted micro-organisms, supplemented by whole genome shotgun sequencing of up to 40 cultured field isolates, informing on the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors. These data will support molecular epidemiological characterisation of microbial flow and development of existing mathematical models of pathogen interactions and spread within farmed chickens. Ultimately these interlinked data will be integrated into a probabilistic risk assessment of poultry management to identify optimal parameters for production using local and global commercial chicken lines.
The overall aim is to identify markers (SNPs), candidate genes and eventually causative mutations for resistance/susceptibility to colonisation by specific micro-organisms. The resistance-associated genotypes will inform commercial breeding programmes to reduce risk to the secure supply of safe animal protein and improve animal welfare. In a broader context these studies will develop a series of recommendations for effective and safe poultry production utilising native Indian breeds and regional production strategies.
Planned Impact
Details of the research and recommendations developed will be disseminated through traditional means including peer-reviewed publication, prioritising open access journals, and public presentation to audiences including students, professional forums, academics and politicians as well as the two planned BBSRC/DBT events. Priority audiences in India and the UK will be informed through workshop-based training to farmers, public servants and industry, supplemented by scientific and lay-article publications and web-based releases. More specifically we have identified the following stakeholders:
Industry stakeholder meetings. The applicants have contacts with all of the major international animal production and health companies (i.e. Aviagen, Cobb-Vantress, Merck and Pfizer) and their national representatives (e.g. Suguna Foods and the VH Group). Company representatives will be invited to each annual programme meeting. Additionally, each company's views will be sought during the first six months of the project and our results will be shared in UK and Indian workshops early in the final year of the project.
Impact on policy. The research undertaken is likely to have implications for policy makers and regulatory bodies in the public sector concerned with the poultry/livestock industry and food safety. We will continue to engage with representatives of the key UK and Indian bodies to ensure the application of our research for the benefit of all potential users including the farming industry, pharmaceutical industry and the general public. This will be achieved via forums such as the British and Indian Veterinary Poultry Associations, the British Poultry Council and the Indian Poultry Science Association, with whom the applicants have regular dialogue (two or more times per annum). Exploitation of results has been described in section iv.
Poultry producers. The applicants regularly interact with poultry producers through presentations, workshops and practical training. Research we have generated in India under BBSRC/DFID project BB/H009337/2 has already been made publically available online (Indian Coccidia Alert Network) and used to prepare a series of six pamphlets in seven different languages/dialects in India. From the start, we will aim to collaborate closely with animal health services to create awareness, build capacity and elaborate feasible strategies that take into account local practices and culture.
Academic impact. Novel data will be disseminated via publications in peer-reviewed journals of high standing, and via presentations at national and international symposia. Raw data will be made publically available as appropriate after reasonable consideration of IP.
Training and Capability. Project staff will be expected to contribute substantially to the dissemination activities, developing skills in diverse areas including project management, knowledge transfer and presentation skills, supported by training courses.
Deliverables
- Publication in academic journals (more than three over the course of the grant).
- Presentations at relevant conferences (more than once in each of years 2 and 3).
- Industry events including representation at annual project meetings.
- Press releases on significant findings aimed at the public when relevant.
- Deposition of SNP and sequencing data in the public domain.
- At least one article to be authored for the popular scientific press.
- Staff training in public engagement activities.
Industry stakeholder meetings. The applicants have contacts with all of the major international animal production and health companies (i.e. Aviagen, Cobb-Vantress, Merck and Pfizer) and their national representatives (e.g. Suguna Foods and the VH Group). Company representatives will be invited to each annual programme meeting. Additionally, each company's views will be sought during the first six months of the project and our results will be shared in UK and Indian workshops early in the final year of the project.
Impact on policy. The research undertaken is likely to have implications for policy makers and regulatory bodies in the public sector concerned with the poultry/livestock industry and food safety. We will continue to engage with representatives of the key UK and Indian bodies to ensure the application of our research for the benefit of all potential users including the farming industry, pharmaceutical industry and the general public. This will be achieved via forums such as the British and Indian Veterinary Poultry Associations, the British Poultry Council and the Indian Poultry Science Association, with whom the applicants have regular dialogue (two or more times per annum). Exploitation of results has been described in section iv.
Poultry producers. The applicants regularly interact with poultry producers through presentations, workshops and practical training. Research we have generated in India under BBSRC/DFID project BB/H009337/2 has already been made publically available online (Indian Coccidia Alert Network) and used to prepare a series of six pamphlets in seven different languages/dialects in India. From the start, we will aim to collaborate closely with animal health services to create awareness, build capacity and elaborate feasible strategies that take into account local practices and culture.
Academic impact. Novel data will be disseminated via publications in peer-reviewed journals of high standing, and via presentations at national and international symposia. Raw data will be made publically available as appropriate after reasonable consideration of IP.
Training and Capability. Project staff will be expected to contribute substantially to the dissemination activities, developing skills in diverse areas including project management, knowledge transfer and presentation skills, supported by training courses.
Deliverables
- Publication in academic journals (more than three over the course of the grant).
- Presentations at relevant conferences (more than once in each of years 2 and 3).
- Industry events including representation at annual project meetings.
- Press releases on significant findings aimed at the public when relevant.
- Deposition of SNP and sequencing data in the public domain.
- At least one article to be authored for the popular scientific press.
- Staff training in public engagement activities.
Organisations
- Royal Veterinary College (Lead Research Organisation)
- Poultry Research Institute (Collaboration)
- Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) (Collaboration)
- Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (Collaboration)
- University of Peradeniya (Collaboration)
- Ahmadu Bello University (Collaboration)
- Augusta University (Project Partner)
Publications
![publication icon](/resources/img/placeholder-60x60.png)
![publication icon](/resources/img/placeholder-60x60.png)
Aunin E
(2021)
The complete genome sequence of Eimeria tenella (Tyzzer 1929), a common gut parasite of chickens.
in Wellcome open research
![publication icon](/resources/img/placeholder-60x60.png)
Brown Jordan A
(2018)
Molecular Identification of Eimeria Species in Broiler Chickens in Trinidad, West Indies.
in Veterinary sciences
![publication icon](/resources/img/placeholder-60x60.png)
Blake DP
(2020)
Re-calculating the cost of coccidiosis in chickens.
in Veterinary research
![publication icon](/resources/img/placeholder-60x60.png)
Adeyemi O
(2023)
Exploring the genetic diversity of Eimeria acervulina: A polymerase chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) approach.
in Veterinary parasitology
![publication icon](/resources/img/placeholder-60x60.png)
Chengat Prakashbabu B
(2017)
Eimeria species occurrence varies between geographic regions and poultry production systems and may influence parasite genetic diversity.
in Veterinary parasitology
![publication icon](/resources/img/placeholder-60x60.png)
Pegg E
(2016)
Application of a new PCR-RFLP panel suggests a restricted population structure for Eimeria tenella in UK and Irish chickens.
in Veterinary parasitology
![publication icon](/resources/img/placeholder-60x60.png)
Clark EL
(2017)
Are Eimeria Genetically Diverse, and Does It Matter?
in Trends in parasitology
![publication icon](/resources/img/placeholder-60x60.png)
![publication icon](/resources/img/placeholder-60x60.png)
Al-Neama RT
(2021)
Determinants of Eimeria and Campylobacter infection dynamics in UK domestic sheep: the role of co-infection.
in Parasitology
Title | Journal cover image |
Description | Front cover image for the International Journal for Parasitology |
Type Of Art | Artwork |
Year Produced | 2016 |
Impact | Improved awareness of the associated research article and linked blog. |
URL | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00207519/46/9 |
Title | Parasitology journal cover image |
Description | Journal cover image |
Type Of Art | Artwork |
Year Produced | 2017 |
Impact | Improved awareness of the associated research article. |
URL | https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/parasitology/issue/F2BB6612AC2CA7F1FA269B440448EEDA |
Description | Enteric microbiome composition and structure varies widely between individuals, and has been associated with multiple health conditions and differences in productivity in farm animals. Enteric microbial communities are clearly influenced by environmental factors and food, but host genotype may also have an impact. In this project we sampled a panel of commercial (global-genotype), native and hybrid chickens reared under commercial production conditions in India and the UK to comprehensively profile interactions between chicken genetic variation and the composition of the gut microbial ecosystems on a genome-wide scale. Next generation sequencing was used to define intestinal bacterial populations from all chickens and reconstruct specific bacterial genomes. Chickens were genotyped using a panel of ~600,000 genetic markers. Social, commercial and environmental variations were recorded through a detailed questionnaire. Results identified geographic location as a key factor influencing bacterial diversity, likely reflecting a combination of husbandry, environmental and climatic factors. Normalising to remove these factors found chicken breed to exert a significant impact on intestinal bacterial populations, suggesting that it may be possible to selectively breed chickens for defined bacterial populations. A panel of 42 breed-specific biomarkers were identified with utility for future study. Genome wide association study (GWAS) analysis of the chicken genomes identified significant associations between host genetic variation and gut microbiome composition. Expansion of the work to assess the impact of co-infecting intestinal parasites revealed a significant association between disease severity and bacterial populations, illustrating the indirect consequences of infectious disease. Clustering data collected in the questionnaire revealed three distinct types of chicken production system in each region, associated with distinct bacterial and parasite populations. The findings of the study can be used to prioritise farms to launch and optimise appropriate pathogen control strategies. Partnerships and data developed through this project made a fundamental contribution to the establishment of a new Global Challenges Research Fund hub focused on One Health poultry production in South and Southeast Asia. This research has discovered: (i) evidence of interactions between Eimeria parasites and chicken enteric microbiomes, with relevance to development and application of live vaccines; (ii) a strong association between host breed and enteric microbiome structure, with relevance to poultry husbandry and selective breeding; (iii) host genetic markers which associate with broad and specific microbiome parameters; (iv) new components of the chicken enteric microbiota have been described and sequenced; (v) an association between Eimeria infection and replication/localisation of Campylobacter jejuni. |
Exploitation Route | (i) The application of live anticoccidial vaccines in broilers can be optimised; (ii) selective breeding may now be an effective option for chicken microbiome structure; (iii) knowledge derived here may be applied to improve food security and safety in low income and least developed countries; (iv) contacts and data generated have supported development of a Global Challenges Research Fund hub: One Health Poultry |
Sectors | Agriculture, Food and Drink |
Description | Knowledge defining the interaction between Eimeria species parasites, used in live anticoccidiosis vaccines, has informed the application of existing vaccines and development of new vaccines. Development of a successful application for GCRF Hub (One Health Poultry). Data generated has supported a successful application for a LIDo BBSRC DTP studentship. The work has contributed to a new partnership with Cobb-Europe exploring health and welfare-associated microbiome traits in broiler and broiler breeder chickens. |
First Year Of Impact | 2018 |
Sector | Agriculture, Food and Drink |
Impact Types | Economic,Policy & public services |
Description | Big data analyses in studies with microbiomes and vaccination outcomes |
Geographic Reach | Europe |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
Description | British Veterinary Poultry Association presentation |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Description | Coccidiosis and gut health working group |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
Description | GCRF STARS antimicrobial and microbiomes training 1 |
Geographic Reach | Asia |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Impact | Training delivered to build capacity and enhance understanding about the consequences of antimicrobial use as well as impact on productivity and microbiomes. |
Description | GCRF STARS antimicrobial and microbiomes training 2 |
Geographic Reach | Asia |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Impact | Training delivered to build capacity and enhance understanding about the consequences of antimicrobial use as well as impact on productivity and microbiomes. |
Description | Invited presentation at the British Veterinary Poultry Association (BVPA) Spring Meeting |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Description | Phibro seminar 1 |
Geographic Reach | Asia |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Impact | Improved use of drugs in livestock production (antimicrobial and antiparasitic) |
Description | Phibro seminar 2 |
Geographic Reach | Asia |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Impact | Improved use of drugs in livestock production (antimicrobial and antiparasitic) |
Description | Phytobiotics 1 |
Geographic Reach | Europe |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Impact | Improved use of drugs in livestock production (antimicrobial and antiparasitic) |
Description | Phytobiotics 2 |
Geographic Reach | Europe |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Impact | Improved use of drugs in livestock production (antimicrobial and antiparasitic) |
Description | Poultry Diseases Group 2022 |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
Description | USDA meeting |
Geographic Reach | North America |
Policy Influence Type | Contribution to new or Improved professional practice |
Description | BBSRC DTP (LIDo) |
Amount | £76,594 (GBP) |
Organisation | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 07/2014 |
End | 09/2017 |
Description | BBSRC-GCRF Impact Accelerator Award |
Amount | £60,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 12/2016 |
End | 03/2017 |
Description | Commonwealth scholarship and fellowship plan |
Amount | £30,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | Government of the UK |
Department | Commonwealth Scholarship Commission |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 10/2016 |
End | 09/2017 |
Description | GCRF One Health Poultry Hub |
Amount | £17,718,608 (GBP) |
Funding ID | BB/S011269/1 |
Organisation | Royal Veterinary College (RVC) |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2019 |
End | 02/2025 |
Description | GCRF-IAA |
Amount | £60,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | BB/GCRF-IAA/19 |
Organisation | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 11/2016 |
End | 03/2017 |
Description | GCRF-IAA extension |
Amount | £40,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | BB/GCRF-IAA/17/19 |
Organisation | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 11/2017 |
End | 03/2018 |
Description | KTN CASE Studentships |
Amount | £110,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | Knowledge Transfer Network |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 10/2016 |
End | 09/2020 |
Description | Understanding the contribution of host genetics, intestinal structure and microbiome diversity to gut health in broiler chickens |
Amount | £186,324 (GBP) |
Funding ID | 2548047 |
Organisation | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2021 |
End | 09/2025 |
Description | Understanding the contribution of host genetics, intestinal structure and microbiome diversity to gut health in broiler chickens. LIDo iCASE DTP PhD Studentship |
Amount | £204,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 10/2021 |
End | 09/2025 |
Title | Quantitative PCR for Eimeria parasite genome counting during in vivo infection |
Description | A pre-existing quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay used to count Eimeria parasite genomes has been complemented by addition of a second qPCR to quantify host genomes. The assay has been validated and compared with traditional parasitological measures such as total oocyst output per bird. |
Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
Year Produced | 2014 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | This research tool will be essential to map the genetic basis of chicken susceptibility/resistance to infection and disease caused by Eimeria species parasites where experimental group sizes will exceed capacity for traditional measures of parasite replication. The technique can also be applied to field studies of coccidiosis and offers considerable opportunitites to improve bird welfare since: 1. In some experimental models there is now no need to cage birds individually to assess parasite replication. Housing birds in groups in floor pens allows them to express more natural behaviours (REFINEMENT). 2. The precision achieved using qPCR improves statistical power, facilitating the use of smaller group sizes (REDUCTION). A manuscript describing this work is currently in preparation. |
Title | Chicken caecal 16S microbiome |
Description | Illumina 16S amplicon sequencing + analysis derived from >700 chicken caecal microbiome samples |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2017 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | The provision of such a large NGS microbiome sequence database provides a valuable resource for genetic, microbiome and husbandry analyses. To be complemented by host genotypes in due course. |
Title | Chicken caecal 18S NGS |
Description | Illumina 18S amplicon sequencing + analysis derived from >700 chicken caecal microbiome samples |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2017 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | The provision of such a large NGS microbiome sequence database provides a valuable resource for genetic, microbiome and husbandry analyses. To be complemented by host genotypes in due course. |
Title | Chicken caecal microbiome shotgun |
Description | Illumina whole microbiome shotgun sequencing + analysis derived from >700 chicken caecal microbiome samples |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2017 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | The provision of such a large NGS microbiome sequence database provides a valuable resource for genetic, microbiome and husbandry analyses. To be complemented by host genotypes in due course. |
Title | Indian chicken husbandry survey |
Description | Access database including surveys from >150 chicken producers in India describing health, husbandry and social parameters. |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | This work is ongoing. |
Description | Accelerating impact of RVC poultry health projects in South Asia |
Organisation | Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University |
Country | Bangladesh |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Workshop exploring future applications for research and pathways to impact |
Collaborator Contribution | Workshop exploring future applications for research and pathways to impact |
Impact | Still active, outputs are pending. |
Start Year | 2016 |
Description | Accelerating impact of RVC poultry health projects in South Asia |
Organisation | Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) |
Country | Italy |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
PI Contribution | Workshop exploring future applications for research and pathways to impact |
Collaborator Contribution | Workshop exploring future applications for research and pathways to impact |
Impact | Still active, outputs are pending. |
Start Year | 2016 |
Description | Accelerating impact of RVC poultry health projects in South Asia |
Organisation | Poultry Research Institute |
Country | Pakistan |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Workshop exploring future applications for research and pathways to impact |
Collaborator Contribution | Workshop exploring future applications for research and pathways to impact |
Impact | Still active, outputs are pending. |
Start Year | 2016 |
Description | Accelerating impact of RVC poultry health projects in South Asia |
Organisation | University of Peradeniya |
Country | Sri Lanka |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Workshop exploring future applications for research and pathways to impact |
Collaborator Contribution | Workshop exploring future applications for research and pathways to impact |
Impact | Still active, outputs are pending. |
Start Year | 2016 |
Description | Poultry pathogen carriage |
Organisation | Ahmadu Bello University |
Country | Nigeria |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Training in molecular techniques and epidemiology |
Collaborator Contribution | Collection of samples, provision of metadata, comparison with human health. |
Impact | PhD thesis in preparation. Manuscripts for peer reviewed publication in preparation. |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | 12th International Coccidiosis Conference - invited presentation |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Invited presentation, disseminating results to a N. American audience. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | 16th International Scientific Conference (ISCon XVI), Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Invited presentation at an international conference focused One Health. Included a mixed audience of academics, students, government, industry and practioners. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | British Council - Higher Education Partnership funded workshop exploring practices in poultry production, rearing and health |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | A workshop was organised with support from the British Council - Higher Education Partnership to explore current practices in poultry production, rearing and health. the meeting included ~25 representatives from industry, government, veterinary and academic sectors. the workshop was wide ranging, but included aspects of coccidiosis, microbiomes and risks to public through pathogens such as avian influenza and foodborne zoonoses. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | British Egg Marketing Board (BEMB) Trust |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Presentation followed by discussion of parasite/host/microbiome interactions. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | British Egg Marketing Board - working group + presentation |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Working group meeting reviewing UK research related to poultry health |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | British Society for Immunology vaccine affinity group meeting |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
Type Of Presentation | keynote/invited speaker |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | ~60 people attended the presentation, which prompted questions and discussion afterwards. I have become a reviewer for a new journal as a result of increased awareness of RVC science. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
Description | British Veterinary Poultry Association presentation |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Postdoctoral scientist working on the One Health Poultry Hub presented microbiome data generated in project BB/L00478X/1, analysed in the OH Poultry Hub. Discussed the impact of antimicrobials on gut health, microbiome communities and wider aspects of production. Presented to ~100 veterinary and other delegates. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Britsh Poultry Council |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Presented to the BPC and engaged in discussion on intestinal dysbiosis, impact of Eimeria and microbiomes. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Countryfile appearance |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | Countryfile appearance focused on the occurrence of apicomplexan parasites and the risks to farming and the general public. As a direct result of this appearance D. Blake was acted as external examiner for a PhD thesis at the University of Liverpool. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
Description | Emerging Eimeria species and chicken genetics in Africa, University of Kwazulu-Natal |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | ~75 students and staff attended an invited plenary presentation at the University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. Discussed project outcomes and follow up regarding student projects and possible project supervision. Dissemination of results to a wider community. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Engormix interview at Poultry Universe |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Interview related to microbiomes and host genetics talk at Poultry Universe. Published online through the Engormix website. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Engormix video |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Video of conference presentation 'Broilers, Eimeria and enteric microbiomes - a tale of tolerance' launched on the Engormix website, supplemented by a recorded interview. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://en.engormix.com/MA-poultry-industry/videos/broilers-eimeria-enteric-microbiomes-tale-toleran... |
Description | European Coccidiosis Discussion Group (ECDG) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Industry/academia networking event including presentations and discussions around ongoing RVC projects. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Eurotier, Hannover |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Attended Eurotier tradeshow, including presentation on current projects and relevance to poultry producers. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Further education college visit (Bedfordshire) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
Results and Impact | 15 pupils attending a short lecture on DNA fingerprinting and its application, followed by two practical sessions. In the first session we extracted genomic DNA. In the second we set up a PCR and resolved the product by agarose gel electrophoresis. The sessions sparked questions and discussion, including some email correspondence over the following week. Several of the students reported that they had enjoyed the sessions, prompting them to consider registering for a third year degree upgrade programme. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014,2015 |
Description | GCRF STARS antimicrobial and microbiomes training 1 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | 30 students attended an online and then face to face training programme, including aspects of antimicrobial resistance detection and consequences to microbiomes. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | GCRF STARS antimicrobial and microbiomes training 2 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | 30 students attended an online and then face to face training programme, including aspects of antimicrobial resistance detection and consequences to microbiomes. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Hipra World Virtual Poultry Congress |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Invited presentation to an industry symposium, focusing on microbiology and immunology of chickens with relevance to health and welfare. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Hipra visit |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Visit to animal health company to discuss projects and future possible opportunities. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Huvepharma advanced Eimeria workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Industry led training workshop - included theoretical and practical aspects in two day format. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | IHSIG lecture posted online |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Recording of conference presentation, posted on Engormix network |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://en.engormix.com/MA-poultry-industry/videos/broilers-eimeria-enteric-microbiomes-tale-toleran... |
Description | Industry working group exploring use of big data in chicken health |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Industry working group exploring use of big data in chicken health - focus on gut health including microbiota, Eimeria, and the impact of current and novel vaccines. Resulted in a collaboration agreement with new meetings pending. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Internet interview |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Interview with Engormix at the IHSIG conference, loaded onto website with international audience, advertised to network by email. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://en.engormix.com/MA-poultry-industry/videos/damer-blake-talks-about-his-research-eimeria-geno... |
Description | Intestinal Health Scientific Interest Group (IHSIG) - invited presentation |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Invited conference presentation, followed by participation in public debate. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | Invited presentation at the British Veterinary Poultry Association (BVPA) Spring Meeting |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Invited presentation "Manipulating the chicken microbiome for good" by Dr Melanie Hay to the British Veterinary Poultry Association (BVPA) Spring Meeting. Approximately 90 BVPA members and invited practitioners + policy makers attended. The talk was followed by questions and discussions. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Parasites and Vectors blog |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | We provided a blog to the BugBitten site describing Eimeria genome sequencing and its value to global chicken production. Special mention was included of the possible impact on poultry production in the developing world. The blog was Tweeted and recommended on Facebook. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
URL | http://blogs.biomedcentral.com/bugbitten/2014/09/ |
Description | Plenary presentation - Eimeriana Avia |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | ~200 delegates at an international conference that primarily drew practitioners and businesses from Eastern Europe. Considerable discussion around microbiomes, chicken genetics and the potential to modulate the microbiome and immune responses to improve productivity and welfare. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | Postdoc invited presentation: 12th International Coccidiosis Conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | First invited presentation for a postdoctoral scientist, built network and enhanced experience/career |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | Poster on chicken metagenomics studies - Microbiology Society focus meeting |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Poster presentation by Dr Melanie Hay "Metagenomics to Trace Pathogens and AMR in Poultry Distribution Networks in India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Vietnam" delivered to Microbiology Society Genomes of Microbiomes focus group (September 2022) followed by questions from ~80 audience members. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Poultry Diseases Group |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Poultry practitioner workshop covering current issues in poultry health and production - included host, parasite and microbiome information |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Poultry Diseases group meeting |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | ~20 people, including veterinary practitioners, animal production and health company representatives, government officials and academics, attended the meeting. During this meeting we briefly presented and discussed our work to map the genetic basis of resistance or suscpetibility to Eimeria in chickens. Discussion about provision of samples and future data dissemination. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014,2015 |
Description | Poultry Health Course |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Presenting the pathology and control of Eimeria, including interactions with host genetics and the enteric microflora. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017,2018 |
Description | Poultry Universe orund table debate |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Round table debate on poultry health, dysbiosis, coccidiosis and the importance of husbandry. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Practioner workshop, University of Kwazulu-Natal |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | ~30 industry representatives and veterinary practioners attended a workshop at the University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. Discussed project outcomes and follow application to the field. Dissemination of results to a wider community, capacity/capability building. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Presentation 'impact of novel vaccine son microbiomes' - 6th International Meeting on Apicomplexan Parasites in Farm Animals |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Oral presentation by Dr Po-Yu Liu "Multi-omics analysis reveals regime shifts in the gastrointestinal ecosystem in chickens following anticoccidial vaccination and Eimeria tenella challenge" delivered to the 6th International Meeting on Apicomplexan Parasites in Farm Animals (October 2022) followed by questions from ~120 audience members |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Presentation on chicken microbiome studies - Microbiology Society Conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Oral presentation by Dr Melanie Hay "Chicken caecal enterotypes in Northwest India are associated with Campylobacter abundance and are influenced by different farming practices" delivered to the annual Microbiology Society Conference in Belfast (April 2022) followed by questions from ~90 audience members. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Presentation on use of machine learning to analyse microbiomes - OHPH conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Oral presentation by Dr Melanie Hay "The use of machine learning approaches to identify factors that contribute to chicken enterotypes and resistomes". |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | RVC Bioinformatics day |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | ~50 people including undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as early career researchers, attended a workshop focused on improving awareness and understanding of next-generation sequencing technologies. Prompted questions and discussion, as well as one embryonic collaboration. Support offered to a postgraduate towards application for research fellowship funding. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
Description | Re-calculating the cost of coccidiosis in chickens in Thailand |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Online workshop and presentation calculating the cost of coccidiosis in Thailand poultry production systems, including the impact of husbandry and interactions with microbiomes/enterotypes. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | SAPHIR network newsletter contribution |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Contributed article to SAPHIR network newsletter |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Student workshops and training, University of Kwazulu-Natal |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | ~20 students (undergraduate and postgraduate) attended a series of taught sessions and practical workshops focused on Eimeria, parasite, microbiome and chicken genetics at the University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. Dissemination of results to a wider community, capacity/capability building. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) webinar (Blake) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Invited web presentation and subsequent discussions with ~10 USDA staff, including assessments of industry interaction and pathogen evolution. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | University of Kent invited talk |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
Results and Impact | ~80 people attended an invited talk in the University of Kent external seminar series. A series of questions were addressed after the talk, followed by 1-2-1 discussions on possible projects and grant applications. focused on the microbiome, as well as aspects of host susceptibility and genetics. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Webinar |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Pathobiology and current vaccine research strategies for control of chicken coccidia. Recent developments in pathobiology and diagnosis of animal and poultry diseases - A new prospective approach. International Webinar. Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS) (~300 delegates). 15th October 2020 |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | Webinar |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Eimeria and anticoccidial vaccines. Phytobiotics webinar (228 delegates). 4th March 2021. Asia and Australia |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Webinar |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Blake DP (2020) Chicken microbiomes: it's whats inside their insides that matters... OHPH Microbiomes Webinar series. 29th April 2020. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | Webinar |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Strategies to control coccidiosis in poultry: why, what and how?. Defeating biotic stressors to safeguard poultry production, health and food safety. International Webinar. Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS) (~400 delegates). 27th November 2020 |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | Webinar |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Eimeria and anticoccidial vaccines. Phytobiotics webinar (58 delegates). 27th January 2021. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Webinar: Re-calculating the cost of coccidiosis in chickens |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Online workshop and presentation calculating the cost of coccidiosis in Asian poultry production systems, including the impact of husbandry and interactions with microbiomes/enterotypes. Resulted in a follow up workshop specific to Thailand. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | World Veterinary Poultry Association - scientific committee and conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Scientific committee + public panel debate |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | World Veterinary Poultry Association CPD day |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | ~150 delegates attended a CPD training day organised by the World Veterinary Poultry Association, Malaysia branch. The day featured a series of talks from academics, industry representatives and veterinarians. Two talks decribing BBSRC funded studies were presented, focusing on (i) occurrence and genetic diversity of Eimeria, and (ii) the poultry enteric microbiome and links to chicken genetics. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |