US-UK Collab: Mycobacterial Transmission Dynamics in Agricultural Systems: Integrating Phylogenetics, Epidemiology, Ecology, and Economics
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Glasgow
Department Name: College of Medical, Veterinary, Life Sci
Abstract
Mathematical modeling of disease transmission is an important tool in studying infectious disease control; however, parameter estimation from field data is often difficult to quantify, especially with complex diseases. Whole-genome sequencing has become faster and more affordable in recent years, thanks to Next-Generation Sequencing techniques. As large databases of sequenced pathogen isolates become available, infectious disease epidemiologists will be able to use these databases, which are more fine-grained than previous serotyping methods, to improve our understanding of transmission dynamics. However, a general methodology is not yet available for such detailed data in bacteria with slow transmission timescales. This project proposes to develop a quantitative methodology for incorporating whole genome sequence (WGS) data into bacterial transmission models. For this, isolates will be used from mycobacterial infections in agricultural systems in the US and UK. Mycobacterial infections, including Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and M. bovis (bovine tuberculosis or bTB), are usually studied in simple one-host systems. Mycobacterial disease is extremely difficult to control due to long latent periods, poor diagnostic sensitivity, wildlife and environmental reservoirs of infection, and heterogeneous strain infectiousness. The key to controlling these diseases is believed to be an integrated approach to understand the pathways through which pathogen transmission occurs at all levels in an ecosystem: within animals, between individual animals, between livestock and wildlife, and between livestock and the environment. A generalized, multi-scale methodology is proposed for determining transmission dynamics using WGS data and phylodynamics. These dynamics will be incorporated into predictive models of disease transmission and control within an economic framework, to help decision-makers make informed control choices.
Technical Summary
We will develop a new multi-scale model of infection transmission and control which will be used to better understand the principles, dynamics, and impacts of multi-host infections (particularly mycobacterial infections) at multiple levels. These models will be developed in an integrated, phylodynamic parameter estimation framework, using mathematical models that incorporate both our detailed farm and phylogenetic data. In particular, our work will provide a general framework for modeling infection dynamics of slow-moving pathogens within livestock herds and the connection to both wildlife populations and environmental reservoirs that can affect the dynamics of transmission and control. Our work will be based on unique and innovative data collection methods and data analyses. We will test our methods using expansive isolate collections and precise data on two mycobacterial infections: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the cause of Johne's disease (JD) in ruminants, and Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), the causal agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). Bovine tuberculosis will be studied in cattle and white-tailed (WT) deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the US and compared to bTB in cattle and Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) in the UK, while MAP will be studied in dairy cattle and their environment in both the US and UK. These infections are active in complex ecosystems and affect human populations through direct contact, economic impact, and potential contamination of the food supply. By comparing across pathogens, we can examine the impact of the difference between wildlife reservoirs (M. bovis) and environmental reservoirs (MAP), with their differing mutation rates4 while determining the general principles involved in integrating WGS and epidemiological models.
Planned Impact
Transformative research in phylodynamics and disease ecology is proposed to improve our understanding of bacterial infection dynamics by developing 1) a generalized methodology for incorporating WGS data into transmission models, 2) a generalized ecosystem approach to modeling infectious diseases with agricultural production and economic components, and 3) research methods for modeling transmission dynamics in complicated multi-scale systems. This project will integrate innovative phylodynamic techniques with novel data collection and analysis across various scales in the US and UK to determine the minimum necessary data requirements for this model type. The results will allow for design of cost-effective data collection programs, which will be valuable in develop countries but essential in many livestock-dependent low-income countries.
phylodynamic framework at the core of this work will have broad use in public health policy and practices through identifying important factors in multi-host, systems; the generality of the framework will allow it to be adapted broadly to bacterial diseases affecting humans and animals. This interdisciplinary work will promote a cross-fertilization of ideas amongst students, researchers and faculty in molecular biology, epidemiology, ecology, and economics. The molecular biologists, epidemiologists, ecologists and economists in the team will collaborate closely to develop the techniques for this work. Other research-related education and outreach activities specific to this work will include workshops at NIMBioS, short-courses on transmission for veterinarians, and an intensive graduate-level course on endemic disease modeling. Furthermore, members of the group actively participate in science educational programs for 7th-9th grade girls in the Ithaca, NY community and in education for school-age children in the UK, as well as professional development classes in many countries.
At the completion of the project, a methodology will have been developed for multi-scale generalized systems modeling of multi-host infectious diseases in an ecosystem that includes livestock, environmental, wildlife, and economic components with a particular application in mycobacterial diseases and their control. A large impact is expected in core phylogenetic and mathematical epidemiology areas, including multi-scale modeling and inference from WGS data. In the process high school, undergraduates, graduate students and post-doctoral fellows will have been trained and enthused in the use of this approach.
phylodynamic framework at the core of this work will have broad use in public health policy and practices through identifying important factors in multi-host, systems; the generality of the framework will allow it to be adapted broadly to bacterial diseases affecting humans and animals. This interdisciplinary work will promote a cross-fertilization of ideas amongst students, researchers and faculty in molecular biology, epidemiology, ecology, and economics. The molecular biologists, epidemiologists, ecologists and economists in the team will collaborate closely to develop the techniques for this work. Other research-related education and outreach activities specific to this work will include workshops at NIMBioS, short-courses on transmission for veterinarians, and an intensive graduate-level course on endemic disease modeling. Furthermore, members of the group actively participate in science educational programs for 7th-9th grade girls in the Ithaca, NY community and in education for school-age children in the UK, as well as professional development classes in many countries.
At the completion of the project, a methodology will have been developed for multi-scale generalized systems modeling of multi-host infectious diseases in an ecosystem that includes livestock, environmental, wildlife, and economic components with a particular application in mycobacterial diseases and their control. A large impact is expected in core phylogenetic and mathematical epidemiology areas, including multi-scale modeling and inference from WGS data. In the process high school, undergraduates, graduate students and post-doctoral fellows will have been trained and enthused in the use of this approach.
Publications
Kao RR
(2016)
Use of genomics to track bovine tuberculosis transmission.
in Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics)
Trewby H
(2016)
Use of bacterial whole-genome sequencing to investigate local persistence and spread in bovine tuberculosis
in Epidemics
Kao RR
(2014)
Supersize me: how whole-genome sequencing and big data are transforming epidemiology.
in Trends in microbiology
Akhmetova A
(2023)
Genomic epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis infection in sympatric badger and cattle populations in Northern Ireland.
in Microbial genomics
Ahlstrom C
(2016)
Genome-Wide Diversity and Phylogeography of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Canadian Dairy Cattle.
in PloS one
O'Hare A
(2014)
Estimating epidemiological parameters for bovine tuberculosis in British cattle using a Bayesian partial-likelihood approach
in Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Chiu L.J.V.
(2020)
Economic Effects of a Potential Foodborne Disease: Potential Relationship between Mycobacterium Avium Subs. Paratuberculosis (MAP) in Dairy and Crohn's in Humans
in International Journal on Food System Dynamics
Salvador LCM
(2019)
Disease management at the wildlife-livestock interface: Using whole-genome sequencing to study the role of elk in Mycobacterium bovis transmission in Michigan, USA.
in Molecular ecology
Description | Analysis of the evolutionary dynamics of M bovis in Michigan deer cattle and elk has shown that elk are unlikely to have had an impact on the amount of Bovine Tb in Michigan cattle. There are considerable tensions between hunting lobbies and the cattle industry in Michigan. Elk are a 'flagship' hunting species in Michigan, and demonstrating in our detailed studies with novel deep sequence data, that there is no evidence for elk to have a role in transmission to cattle helps to refine policies towards controlling Tb. |
Exploitation Route | The approaches could be used for epidemiological analyses of other slowly evolving pathogens especially other mycobacteria. |
Sectors | Agriculture Food and Drink Education Healthcare |
Description | Dr. Salvador's secondment at USDA-APHIS allowed her to learn about the bioinformatics pipeline being used to process M bovis data; in that time she worked on and contributed to the development of a revised pipeline for use in processing M. avium paratuberculosis or MAP sequence data. This new pipeline was then adopted by USDA-APHIS for the routine processing of their MAP sequence data used for epidemiological investigations. My research in this field is used in my advicne on the bovine Tuberculosis partnership, an advisory body that informs Defra policy on Bovine TB control |
First Year Of Impact | 2021 |
Sector | Agriculture, Food and Drink |
Impact Types | Policy & public services |
Description | Chair of Defra SAC-ED |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
Impact | SAC-ED is the primary independent scientific advisory body for the Chief Veterinary Officer and provides input into the National Epidemiology Emergency Group during emergencies (e.g. the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza pandemic). As such it provides broad advice and challenge to all aspects of control and surveillance for infectious diseases in animals, and therefore draws upon expertise in the broad, especially including inter-disciplinary, or technically innovative work. |
URL | https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/science-advisory-council |
Description | Chair, Defra Science Advisory Council Committee on Exotic and Emergent Infectious Diseases |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
Impact | SAC-ED is the independent scientific advisory body that supports the Chief Veterinary Officer on exotic and emergent livestock infectious diseases and provides input into the National Emergency Epidemiology Group where necessary. As such, its advice (for example during the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza crisis since 2020) helps to support the deveopment and implementation of policy around disease control. |
URL | https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/science-advisory-council |
Description | Genomics for Animal and Plant Health Disease Centre - Policy Advisory Board |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
Description | Member of the Bovine TB partnership |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
Impact | The Bovine TB partnerships provides strategic advice on all aspect of bovine TB related policy, improving engagement with industry and providing advice on approaches that are both scientifically and practically robust. Bovine TB is a disease with economic and animal health impact, and affects farmers mental health and well being. It is a strategic partnerships across Govt, industry and academia - I am one of three full time university-based members. |
URL | https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/bovine-tuberculosis-partnership |
Description | BBSRC-Ireland (SFI) joint funding of research |
Amount | £651,477 (GBP) |
Funding ID | BB/P010598/1 |
Organisation | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 06/2017 |
End | 06/2020 |
Title | Bioinformatics pipeline for generation of whole genome sequence data |
Description | Development of bioinformatics pipeline that is being used at the National Veterinary Science Laboratory (USDA) in Ames Iowa for generation of data on M. Avium Paratuberuclosis sequences (and use in analysing Johne's Disease outbreak data). |
Type Of Material | Improvements to research infrastructure |
Year Produced | 2015 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | While it is to be used for analysis of disease outbreaks, it is too early to quantify this as yet. |
Title | Bioinformatics pipeline for generation of whole genome sequence data |
Description | Development of bioinformatics pipeline that is being used at the National Veterinary Science Laboratory (USDA) in Ames Iowa for generation of data on M. Avium Paratuberuclosis sequences (and use in analysing Johne's Disease outbreak data). |
Type Of Material | Computer model/algorithm |
Year Produced | 2015 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | It is in active use within USDA-APHIS for handling data from MAP outbreaks, however this outcome is not at this moment quantified. |
Description | Collaboration with Dr. Suelee Robbe-Austerman USDA-APHIS |
Organisation | U.S. Department of Agriculture USDA |
Department | Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service |
Country | United States |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | From our project, we aided in the development of bioinformatics tools in partnership with USDA-APHIS that they are using for analysing collected mycobacterial sequences at USDA-APHIS. |
Collaborator Contribution | Our partners have provided free access to their sequence databases, as well as contextual information and advice. |
Impact | As a result we have recently submitted a new US-UK EEID proposal (decision pending) that builds on the previous work. |
Start Year | 2014 |
Description | Development of a workshop on Mycobacterial infection transmission |
Organisation | Cornell University |
Department | College of Veterinary Medicine |
Country | United States |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | With members of my research team, contributed to the development and delivery of a combined symposium/workshop, which provided research insights (in the symposium) and training over 3 days in the workshop, on the use of tools to interpret deep sequence data generated from mycobacteria. The inaugural workshop and symposium was held from May 22nd to 24th 2018, with future iterations intended. |
Collaborator Contribution | The workshop organisation was led by Wageningen, with contributions from all partners on the development of training materials and delivery of the workshop |
Impact | The symposium was attended by approximately 80 individuals with a range of backgrounds including academic, professional and government oriented. The workshop/training courses were attended by 50 individuals (in two groups of 25). There is a commitment, subject to further funding, of repeating the workshop/collaboration in future years (expected to occur every two years). |
Start Year | 2018 |
Description | Development of a workshop on Mycobacterial infection transmission |
Organisation | Wageningen University & Research |
Country | Netherlands |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | With members of my research team, contributed to the development and delivery of a combined symposium/workshop, which provided research insights (in the symposium) and training over 3 days in the workshop, on the use of tools to interpret deep sequence data generated from mycobacteria. The inaugural workshop and symposium was held from May 22nd to 24th 2018, with future iterations intended. |
Collaborator Contribution | The workshop organisation was led by Wageningen, with contributions from all partners on the development of training materials and delivery of the workshop |
Impact | The symposium was attended by approximately 80 individuals with a range of backgrounds including academic, professional and government oriented. The workshop/training courses were attended by 50 individuals (in two groups of 25). There is a commitment, subject to further funding, of repeating the workshop/collaboration in future years (expected to occur every two years). |
Start Year | 2018 |
Description | BBSRC, Defra, NC3Rs Bovine tuberculosis Workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | This workshop was organized by BBSRC-Defra-NC3Rs in order to bring researchers working on bovine tuberculosis (bTB) together to promote knowledge exchange, networking and to contribute to the development of a number of roadmaps for bTB. I presented a poster entitled "The use of Next Generation Sequencing to understand bovine Tuberculosis transmission in a multi-host system". |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | Bovine Tuberculosis Workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | The 2015 Bovine Tuberculosis workshop at the University of Glasgow, led by Rowland Kao, engaged with a mix of (primarily) scientists and veterinarians engaged in production of evidence to support policy (including researchers from the UK, Republic of Ireland, Spain, France, the US and New Zealand). It covered cutting edge research themes in modelling, data science, pathogen sequencing and immune-epidemiology & transcriptomics. It helped to spark multiple conversations on the integration of new technologies into bovine Tb control. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
URL | https://www.gla.ac.uk/researchinstitutes/bahcm/events/headline_415441_en.html |
Description | Bovine Tuberculosis Workshop 2015 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | The 2015 Bovine Tuberculosis workshop at the University of Glasgow, co-organized by Liliana Salvador, engaged with a mix of (primarily) scientists and veterinarians engaged in production of evidence to support policy (including researchers from the UK, Republic of Ireland, Spain, France, the US and New Zealand). It covered cutting edge research themes in modelling, data science, pathogen sequencing and immune-epidemiology & transcriptomics. It helped to spark multiple conversations on the integration of new technologies into bovine Tb control. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
URL | https://www.gla.ac.uk/research/az/boydorr/meetingsevents/2015-bovinetuberculosis/ |
Description | Conference aimed at mixed academic, practitioner and policy-maker audience (Minnesota) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | International conference on One Health research, where I spoke of the potential role of whole genome sequencing as a tool for uncovering complex interactions in pathogens affecting multiple species, and using our ongoing work on bovine Tuberculosis in cattle and badgers as the key exemplar. There was both a short question and answer following my talk, as well as a panel discussion where I, together with a mixed group of speakers discussed the potential for "Science in Action: Big Data Methods and Approaches" - in order to highlight new data approaches that have the potential to shift paradigms in use of science to inform policy and practice. As a result I also had several informal discussions on the potential for whole genome sequencing as a new tool in epidemiology. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
URL | http://www.wifss.ucdavis.edu/wp-content/uploads/documents/OneHealth/iCOMOSPROGRAMFINAL.pdf |
Description | Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases Conferences |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | I have participated in the International EEID conference where I presented a poster entitled "The use of Whole-Genome-Sequencing to understand bovine Tuberculosis cross-species transmission patterns in Michigan, USA" an gave a lightning talk entitled: "Investigating bacterial transmission at the wildlife/livestock interface using genomic data: bovine tuberculosis in Michigan, USA", in 2016 and 2017, respectively. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016,2017 |
URL | https://eeid2017.eemb.ucsb.edu/ |
Description | Editorial for the Veterinary Record |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | I wrote an invited editorial piece for the Veterinary Record, to comment on a published paper on the impact of badger culling. The content of the editorial was a particular paper in the VR, however it was informed by my own research including the linked awards. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
URL | https://veterinaryrecord.bmj.com/content/177/16/415 |
Description | ISVEE conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Participation in the 14th Conference of the International Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics: Planning Our Future. I gave a talk entitled: "Estimating bacterial cross-species transmission in Michigan", which was followed by interesting questions and discussion. The participation in this conference also originated a blog post about "Multi-disciplinary interactions under the Mexican sun - reflections from the ISVEE conference" (https://boydorrblog.wordpress.com/2015/12/06/guest-blog-multi-disciplinary-interactions-under-the-mexican-sun-reflections-from-the-isvee-conference/). Participation in the 15th Conference of the International Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics. I gave a talk entitled: "Understanding the emergence and evolution of Mycobacterium bovis in Michigan, USA", which was followed by interesting questions and discussion. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015,2018 |
URL | http://isvee.net/ |
Description | ISVEE conference talk |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Talk at the ISVEE conference aimed at a mix of academics, practitioners/veterinarians and policy-makers. The talk led to further interactions with vets in Brazil's "Embrapa" (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation) which has since led to a funded project including Salvador and Kao as advisors. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
URL | http://www.abstractsonline.com/Plan/ViewAbstract.aspx?sKey=9ea51dca-5c9a-452b-a12f-1b043cc9f51f&cKey... |
Description | Invited Plenary Speaker 'ModAH 2017' |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | The Modelling in Animal Health Symposium held in Nantes, France (June 2017) was a scientific conference that included a mix of academics, professional practitioners (veterinarians) and policy-evidence civil servants. I spoke on the work involved in quantifying the role of cattle in the transmission of bovine Tb (incorporating cattle movements and sequencing data). The talk sparked further conversations with Defra evidence teams about legislation surrounding cattle movement restrictions - further commissioned work from Defra is possibly though as yet not finalised. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://workshop.inra.fr/modah2017/ |
Description | Mini-Symposium on Bovine Tuberculosis |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | This symposium, led by Rowland Kao, on the use of integrated of large datasets including pathogen sequence data and its ability to explain 'wicked' problems (i.e. multi-host pathogen systems with biased data) was held, with representatives from Government and researchers across multiple nations (UK, Republic of Ireland, USA, Spain). The discussions prompted increased international collaborations (two ongoing projects) to analyses dense datasets related to bovine Tuberculosis control. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://www.gla.ac.uk/researchinstitutes/bahcm/news/headline_529612_en.html |
Description | Mini-Symposium on bovine tuberculosis |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | This symposium, co-organized by Liliana Salvador, on the use of integrated of large datasets including pathogen sequence data and its ability to explain 'wicked' problems (i.e. multi-host pathogen systems with biased data) was held, with representatives from Government and researchers across multiple nations (UK, Republic of Ireland, USA, Spain). The discussions prompted increased international collaborations (two ongoing projects) to analyses of dense datasets related to bovine Tuberculosis control. Liliana also gave a talk entitled: "Bovine tuberculosis in Michigan: the role of of elk in disease transmission". |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://www.gla.ac.uk/researchinstitutes/bahcm/news/headline_529612_en.html |
Description | Molecular Ecology Spotlight blog post on Salvador et al 2019 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | The "Molecular Ecology Spotlight" is a popular science blog aimed at promoting especially interesting work published in the Molecular Ecology journal. A blog post was written by the blog staff highlighting the results of Salvador et al. 2019, characterising the epidemiology of M. bovis in Michigan cattle and deer. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
URL | https://molecularecologyblog.com/2019/06/28/how-genomic-data-can-determine-the-role-of-elk-in-the-tr... |
Description | Presentation to Meeting of the USAHA Tuberculosis Scientific Advisory Subcommittee |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Highlighted uses of modern genetic technology combined with mathematical models to understand tuberculosis epidemiology Have had several continued email and phone conversations with persons within the USDA and other state organisations regarding this research area. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013,2014 |
URL | http://www.usaha.org/Portals/6/Committees/tuberculosis/presentations/2014-Palmer-TBSAS.pdf |
Description | Principles and dynamics governing transmission of mycobacterial infection Symposium followed by Workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | Gave a presentation at the symposium entitled: "Using pathogen sequence data to interpret M. bovis dynamics in a multi-host system - part II". Together with colleagues, I was a tutor and responsible for the scientific content of the workshop that followed the symposium. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
URL | https://www.wur.nl/upload_mm/7/b/6/680fc7e6-0da3-4cfc-8191-06515f83dfab_Myco_Dynamics_Programme_19-m... |
Description | TEDx talk - The Science of Networks |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | I gave a TEDx talk on the science of networks, including referring to the difficulties of identifying links between communities in multi-host pathogen systems (using bovine Tb as an exemplar) and also the effects of community separation on the polarisation of debate (again using bovine Tb in cattle and badgers as an example). |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | http://tedxuniversityofglasgow.com/speakers |