Minimising the risk of harm to aquaculture and human health from advective harmful algal blooms through early warning
Lead Research Organisation:
Scottish Association For Marine Science
Department Name: Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory
Abstract
Phytoplankton are free-floating plants found in marine and freshwaters that, through their photosynthetic growth, form the base of the aquatic food chain. A small subset of the phytoplankton may be harmful to human health or to human use of the ecosystem. The species that cause harm are now widely referred to as 'Harmful Algae' with the term 'Harmful Algal Bloom' (HAB) commonly being used to describe their occurrence and effects.
Some HABs can be harmful to humans through their production of biotoxins that are concentrated in the flesh of filter feeding shellfish, leading to a health risk if the shellfish are consumed by humans. Other HABs can kill farmed fish. HAB events of either type can have serious financial consequences for aquaculture.
Early warning of HAB events provides a mechanism to protect human health and minimise business risk for aquaculture.
Many important HABs develop offshore. Two of the most important in the UK and worldwide are the genus Dinophysis sp. that causes diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, and the species Karenia mikimotoi that can kill farmed fish. These organisms are transported to coastal aquaculture sites by oceanic currents. For K. mikimotoi we can use satellite remote sensing to identify their offshore blooms, for Dinophysis we know the locations and times of the year that are most high risk.
In this project we shall use a combination of satellite remote sensing, in situ measurement (using free floating and moored scientific instruments that measure the properties of the water column) and mathematical modelling of oceanic currents and HABs to get a better understanding of where these harmful blooms develop and under what conditions they will be transported to the coast and subsequently into the fjords where aqaculture is located.
Our results will be used to improve risk assessment bulletins that are produced weekly for use by aquaculture practitioners. The new knowledge gained in this project will allow us, for the first time, to interpret modelled ocean current forecasts to provide forecasts of the likelihood of these currents carrying advective HABs to the coast. The work will also allow us to determine if on reaching the coast, water exchange will allow blooms to enter the sheltered fjords within which aquaculture is practiced. This will allow industry to better plan their husbandry and harvesting to minimise HAB risk to business and health.
Some HABs can be harmful to humans through their production of biotoxins that are concentrated in the flesh of filter feeding shellfish, leading to a health risk if the shellfish are consumed by humans. Other HABs can kill farmed fish. HAB events of either type can have serious financial consequences for aquaculture.
Early warning of HAB events provides a mechanism to protect human health and minimise business risk for aquaculture.
Many important HABs develop offshore. Two of the most important in the UK and worldwide are the genus Dinophysis sp. that causes diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, and the species Karenia mikimotoi that can kill farmed fish. These organisms are transported to coastal aquaculture sites by oceanic currents. For K. mikimotoi we can use satellite remote sensing to identify their offshore blooms, for Dinophysis we know the locations and times of the year that are most high risk.
In this project we shall use a combination of satellite remote sensing, in situ measurement (using free floating and moored scientific instruments that measure the properties of the water column) and mathematical modelling of oceanic currents and HABs to get a better understanding of where these harmful blooms develop and under what conditions they will be transported to the coast and subsequently into the fjords where aqaculture is located.
Our results will be used to improve risk assessment bulletins that are produced weekly for use by aquaculture practitioners. The new knowledge gained in this project will allow us, for the first time, to interpret modelled ocean current forecasts to provide forecasts of the likelihood of these currents carrying advective HABs to the coast. The work will also allow us to determine if on reaching the coast, water exchange will allow blooms to enter the sheltered fjords within which aquaculture is practiced. This will allow industry to better plan their husbandry and harvesting to minimise HAB risk to business and health.
Technical Summary
HABs are a threat to aquaculture globally. Filter feeding shellfish vector HAB toxins to human consumers, with icthyotoxic genera impacting finfish aquaculture. Many HABs develop offshore and are advectively transported to coastal aquaculture locations. Early warning of such blooms would minimise the risk of harm to human health and aquaculture business operation.
In UK waters the most prevalent shellfish toxin producing phytoplankton genera is the Dinophysis (that causes diarrhetic shellfish poisoning) and the organism of greatest threat to finfish farming is Karenia mikimotoi.
While not all HAB organisms can be detected by satellite remote sensing, K. mikimotoi is suitable for this approach. We shall therefore use existing data sets to further develop an optical classifier for K. mikimotoi discrimination.
We shall undertake offshore drifter deployments (drogued to two depths) and near shore mooring based CTDs. Data generated will allow us to evaluate how different current and tidal conditions are likely to transport water and associated HABs to coastal and fjordic aquaculture sites and in particular to evaluate factors such as dispersion and the influence of the water depth at which the HAB is present.
We will use the data to ground truth a new FVCOM based unstructured grid model of these waters. Such models are too computationally demanding to run in real time forecast mode, and hence we will run a range of "what if" scenarios to produce a "knowledge base" of the role of currents in HAB transport in the region. HAB transport into fjords will be assessed using the ACExR model.
Project synthesis will use operational oceanography products in the form of Mercator model forecasts of ocean currents for the week ahead, interpreted on the basis of the scientific advances detailed above, to evaluate the HAB likelihood at aquaculture sites in each forthcoming week. These forecasts will be included in weekly HAB bulletins issued to the aquaculture industry.
In UK waters the most prevalent shellfish toxin producing phytoplankton genera is the Dinophysis (that causes diarrhetic shellfish poisoning) and the organism of greatest threat to finfish farming is Karenia mikimotoi.
While not all HAB organisms can be detected by satellite remote sensing, K. mikimotoi is suitable for this approach. We shall therefore use existing data sets to further develop an optical classifier for K. mikimotoi discrimination.
We shall undertake offshore drifter deployments (drogued to two depths) and near shore mooring based CTDs. Data generated will allow us to evaluate how different current and tidal conditions are likely to transport water and associated HABs to coastal and fjordic aquaculture sites and in particular to evaluate factors such as dispersion and the influence of the water depth at which the HAB is present.
We will use the data to ground truth a new FVCOM based unstructured grid model of these waters. Such models are too computationally demanding to run in real time forecast mode, and hence we will run a range of "what if" scenarios to produce a "knowledge base" of the role of currents in HAB transport in the region. HAB transport into fjords will be assessed using the ACExR model.
Project synthesis will use operational oceanography products in the form of Mercator model forecasts of ocean currents for the week ahead, interpreted on the basis of the scientific advances detailed above, to evaluate the HAB likelihood at aquaculture sites in each forthcoming week. These forecasts will be included in weekly HAB bulletins issued to the aquaculture industry.
Planned Impact
The project's primary aim is to enhance the reliability of bulletins of harmful algal bloom (HAB) risk that are issued weekly to the finfish and shellfish aquaculture industries.
HABs impact aquaculture in a number of ways:
1) Some HAB genera impact human health through their production of natural biotoxins that are accumulated within filter feeding shellfish. Human consumption of these shellfish can be harmful to health.
2) Other organisms can cause the mortality of farmed fish, either through very high abundance/biomass or the production of toxins.
3) Both of the above events can have a significant economic impact on aquaculture through the loss of product, or in the case of shellfish poisoning, the potential for lost sales through negative public perception.
A rage of mitigation measures to protect health and the economics of the aquaculture industry can be undertaken given sufficient early warning of bloom events. These include moving fish cages or reducing stocking density, early or delayed harvest of shellfish and/or increased end product testing.
HABs are temporally and spatially variable and early warning is therefore not straightforward. Currently UK shellfish consumers are protected by regulatory monitoring of HAB cell abundance and shellfish flesh toxin concentrations. However, as evidenced by the 2013 UK diarrhetic shellfish poisoning event, that generated extensive human illness, increases in advective HAB cell abundance may occur too rapidly to be captured by this weekly monitoring.
Hence, to provide enhanced protection UK shellfish and finfish aquaculture practitioners have commissioned weekly risk assessment bulletins.
This project will provide a step change in the level of information within these bulletins.
Currently bulletins are effectively a summary of present conditions, from which forecasts are made based on expected trends. The project will move the bulletins to the realm of true forecasts that use remote sensing, improved scientific understanding and state of the art modelling of oceanographic currents to determine the likely location and timing of advective HAB events that may negatively impact aquaculture.
The project will be centered on the Shetland Isles that has the highest concentration of UK aquaculture activity. However, the techniques developed will be easily utilized elsewhere in the UK and abroad in the many locations that suffer from advective HABs.
Direct knowledge exchange to the aquaculture industry will be achieved through the weekly issuing of the enhanced bulletins in the latter part of the project. However, we recognize that it is important that industry have confidence in the science behind our predictions and that the bulletins are easily interpretable and are in a format that is suitable for industry use. Hence, we will work closely with an industry based advisory group on an ongoing basis throughout the project to ensure two way knowledge exchange that enhances the final product.
HABs impact aquaculture in a number of ways:
1) Some HAB genera impact human health through their production of natural biotoxins that are accumulated within filter feeding shellfish. Human consumption of these shellfish can be harmful to health.
2) Other organisms can cause the mortality of farmed fish, either through very high abundance/biomass or the production of toxins.
3) Both of the above events can have a significant economic impact on aquaculture through the loss of product, or in the case of shellfish poisoning, the potential for lost sales through negative public perception.
A rage of mitigation measures to protect health and the economics of the aquaculture industry can be undertaken given sufficient early warning of bloom events. These include moving fish cages or reducing stocking density, early or delayed harvest of shellfish and/or increased end product testing.
HABs are temporally and spatially variable and early warning is therefore not straightforward. Currently UK shellfish consumers are protected by regulatory monitoring of HAB cell abundance and shellfish flesh toxin concentrations. However, as evidenced by the 2013 UK diarrhetic shellfish poisoning event, that generated extensive human illness, increases in advective HAB cell abundance may occur too rapidly to be captured by this weekly monitoring.
Hence, to provide enhanced protection UK shellfish and finfish aquaculture practitioners have commissioned weekly risk assessment bulletins.
This project will provide a step change in the level of information within these bulletins.
Currently bulletins are effectively a summary of present conditions, from which forecasts are made based on expected trends. The project will move the bulletins to the realm of true forecasts that use remote sensing, improved scientific understanding and state of the art modelling of oceanographic currents to determine the likely location and timing of advective HAB events that may negatively impact aquaculture.
The project will be centered on the Shetland Isles that has the highest concentration of UK aquaculture activity. However, the techniques developed will be easily utilized elsewhere in the UK and abroad in the many locations that suffer from advective HABs.
Direct knowledge exchange to the aquaculture industry will be achieved through the weekly issuing of the enhanced bulletins in the latter part of the project. However, we recognize that it is important that industry have confidence in the science behind our predictions and that the bulletins are easily interpretable and are in a format that is suitable for industry use. Hence, we will work closely with an industry based advisory group on an ongoing basis throughout the project to ensure two way knowledge exchange that enhances the final product.
Publications
Dees P
(2017)
Harmful algal blooms in the Eastern North Atlantic Ocean.
in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Eckford-Soper LK
(2016)
The competitive dynamics of toxic Alexandrium fundyense and non-toxic Alexandrium tamarense: The role of temperature.
in Harmful algae
Fernandes-Salvador J
(2021)
Current Status of Forecasting Toxic Harmful Algae for the North-East Atlantic Shellfish Aquaculture Industry
in Frontiers in Marine Science
Gianella F
(2023)
The relationship between salmon (Salmo salar) farming and cell abundance of harmful algal taxa
in Harmful Algae
Gillibrand PA
(2016)
Individual-based modelling of the development and transport of a Karenia mikimotoi bloom on the North-west European continental shelf.
in Harmful algae
Morro B
(2021)
Offshore aquaculture of finfish: Big expectations at sea
in Reviews in Aquaculture
Paterson RF
(2017)
Environmental control of harmful dinoflagellates and diatoms in a fjordic system.
in Harmful algae
Description | Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are spatially and temporally variable. These events can lead to shellfish toxicity with implications for human health and to mortalities of farmed fish. The aquaculture industry requires better early warning of these events and their likely impact. During this project we developed: an increased understanding of the factors that goven blooms, better remote sensing methodologies to provide early bloom identification and new mathematical modelling approaches to simulat bloom transport and development. These have been incorporated in a web based platform (www.HABreports.org) from which the Scotish aquaculture industry can obtain weekly assessments of HAB risk. |
Exploitation Route | The risk assessment methodology developed within the project is beingused operationally by the Scottish aquaculture industry, with weekly industry funded harmful algal and biotoxin risk assessment bulletins being issued weekly via the web site developed in the project. |
Sectors | Agriculture Food and Drink Environment Other |
URL | http://www.HABreport.org |
Description | The harmful algal alert bulletins produced by this award are used by the aquaculture industry to mitigate risk to their harvesting operations. The website 222.HABreports.org continues to be operational with post project industry funding. |
First Year Of Impact | 2016 |
Sector | Agriculture, Food and Drink,Environment,Other |
Impact Types | Societal Economic |
Description | BBSRC/NERC Joint Call in Aquaculture: Collaborative Research and Innovation |
Amount | £1,100,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | BB/S004246/1 |
Organisation | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 11/2018 |
End | 10/2021 |
Description | EU North West Europe Interreg |
Amount | € 1,500,000 (EUR) |
Organisation | Interreg NWE |
Sector | Public |
Country | France |
Start | 12/2017 |
End | 11/2020 |
Description | MSS/Data LAB IFCB PhD studentship |
Amount | £100,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | Marine Scotland Science (MSS) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 02/2021 |
End | 09/2024 |
Description | Malaysian HABreports: Harmful algal bloom and biotoxin early warning to meet the ODA challenge of providing resilient aquaculture resources in Asia |
Amount | £184,369 (GBP) |
Funding ID | BB/T011661/1 |
Organisation | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2020 |
End | 01/2022 |
Description | Marine Integrated Autonomous Observing Systems |
Amount | £1,800,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2018 |
End | 03/2021 |
Description | Mitigating Microbial Hazards - Eliminating HABs risks in salmon farms |
Amount | £810,308 (GBP) |
Funding ID | NE/X015459/1 |
Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 08/2023 |
End | 08/2026 |
Description | NERC Aqaculture programme |
Amount | £200,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2017 |
End | 03/2019 |
Description | PhytoMOPS: Phytoplankton Morphology and Optical Properties Sensor |
Amount | £198,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | BB/S004424/1 |
Organisation | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 01/2019 |
End | 12/2021 |
Description | Real time modelling and prediction of harmful algal blooms to minimise their impact on finfish aquaculture |
Amount | £218,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre |
Sector | Multiple |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2021 |
End | 03/2023 |
Title | Web based Harmful algal risk assessment methodology |
Description | The web site www.HABreports.org has been develped to include a range of tools to report harmful algal and marine biotoxin risk to regulatory, industry and the general public |
Type Of Material | Improvements to research infrastructure |
Year Produced | 2017 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | the risk assessments provided are safeguarding humand health from shellfish biotoxins |
Description | Off-Aqua MOWI |
Organisation | Marine Harvest |
Country | Norway |
Sector | Private |
PI Contribution | The project seeks to better understand the proc and cons of developing offshore finfish aquaculture in UK waters. As such the results of the project will be directly relevant to MOWI in their business planning |
Collaborator Contribution | MOWI provides the research team with access to sampling sites at their fish farms, logistical support and access to data |
Impact | Access to fish farm sites has been fundamental to data collection by the project partners |
Start Year | 2019 |
Description | Seafood Shetland |
Organisation | Seafood Shetland |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Private |
PI Contribution | Production of harmful algal and biotoxin risk assessments for the Shetland aquaculture industry |
Collaborator Contribution | Facilitating access to the shellfish industry in Shetland, local knowledge |
Impact | improved shellfish safety, less finanical rish for the shellfish industry |
Start Year | 2015 |
Title | MyHABs harmful algal bloom early warning web site |
Description | An on line early warning system that provides users with early waning of harmful algal blooms and shellfish biotoxins |
Type Of Technology | Webtool/Application |
Year Produced | 2021 |
Impact | The system for the first time collates information on harmful algal blooms and associated and shellfish poisoning in Malaysian waters to protect human health and aquaculture business operations |
URL | https://www.habreports.org/habmaps_gs.php?dataset=MALAYSIA |
Description | ARCH UK webinar |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | A webinar as part of the ARCUK UK aquaculture series |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://www.aquaculturehub-uk.com/past-events/offaqua |
Description | Aquaculture Europe conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Three presentations of different aspects of harmful algal risk assessment |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Aquaculture Europe conference (Edinburgh, Sep. 2016) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | I presented two talks on: "Satellite-based HAB and water quality monitoring for shellfish farms to support management decisions", focussed on results from the ShellEye, AQUA-USERS and Advective HABs projects. Many questions were asked, demonstrating the dissemination of this research to the aquaculture industry and water quality management agencies. The talks were also highlighted in the summary report of the conference sessions, further evidence that the presentations were well understood. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
URL | http://www.easonline.org/39-uncategorised/346-aquaculture-europe-2016 |
Description | Aquaculture Insustry engagement event |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Project dissemination event at the trade assocation Seafood Shetland |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | Aquaculture workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Presenation on harmful algal risk assessment to aquaculture workshop |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
Description | Arabian Gulf HABs workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Presentation on HAB early warning and its potential for application in the Arabian Gulf |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | GlobalHAB |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Membership of the steering group of the GlobalHAB initiative |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | GlobalHAB Workshop on Early warning systems for Harmful Algal Blooms in the Arabian Gulf |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | workshop related to the development of of harmful algal bloom early wanring system for the Arabian Gulf |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | GlobalHAB steering committee |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Membership of the steering commitee of the GLOBALHAB initiative that seeks to promote beter integration of international harmful algal bloom reasearch |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016,2017,2018 |
Description | Government advice |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | presntation on harmful algal risk assessment to Scottish Government Working Group for Sustainable Aquaculture |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012,2015 |
Description | Harmful algal blooms: a global solution |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Artice on harmful algal blooms in Science Scotland |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | http://www.sciencescotland.org/issue.php?id=29 |
Description | ICES WG HABD |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Presenation on harmful algal bloom early warning |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | ICES Working group |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Participation in ICES working group for Harmful Algal Bloom Dynamics that advises ICES and hence policy makers on harmful algal bloom risk |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | ICES working group presentation |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Presentation of HAN risk assessment to ICES working group and associated intenational harmful algal monitoring organisations |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
Description | ICES/PICES HABs and Climate Change Conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Presentation at the ICES/PICES HABs and climate change conference in Gothenburg on HAB risk assessment |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
Description | ICHA conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Presenation (keynote co-author, oral and poster) to the International Conference on Harmful Algae in Florianopolis |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | IOC Working group: Climate Change and Global Trends of Phytoplankton in the Ocean |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | membership of IOC working group |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Independent Expert Assessment of Unusual Crustacean Mortality in the North-east of England in 2021 and 2022 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Membership of the DEFRA convened panel that evaluated the unusual crustacean mortality in the NE of England in 2021 and 2022 |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/assessment-of-unusual-crustacean-mortality-in-the-north-e... |
Description | PICES working group |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Presentation to industry representatives and academics on harmful algal bloom early warning and its cost benefit implications |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Patogen Fish Health Seminar |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Presentation to aquaculture professionals |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
Description | Presenation - Chinese Academy of Sciences |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Invited presentation to Chinese Academy |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
Description | Presentation to the aquaculutre insurance industry |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Presenation on harmful algal bloom risk and consequences to an international gathering of insurance companies |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | Research seminar |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Research seminar at NOC southampton |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | SAIC Farmed Fish Health Framework workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Contribution to a SAIC hosted Farmed Fish Health Framework workshop |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
Description | Salmon Scotland presentation |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Presentation of harmful algal bloom early warning to the industry body Salmon Scotland and its member companies |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Shelf Seas science in policy context workskop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Workshop with Scottish Government policy and science representatives to present and disucuss the role of shelf seas |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Stakeholder meeting |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | presentation to and discssion with aquaculture practioners in Shetland |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Stakeholder meeting |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | meeting with Seeafood Shetland regarding HAB risk assessment |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Stakeholder meeting |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Presentation to industry |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
Description | UHI resarch conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Presenation and discussion on harmful algae at university wide research conference |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | UHI research conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | presentation to university research conference |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Presenation at the BBSRC/NERC aquaculture meeting in London |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |