Synthetic Biology applications to Water Supply and Remediation
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Glasgow
Department Name: College of Science and Engineering
Abstract
We propose to harness one of the most rapidly evolving frontiers in science, synthetic biology, to tackle one of the most pressing engineering problems, the supply and remediation of fresh water, in order to deliver innovative technologies into a rapidly expanding international market.
Synthetic biology is an exciting and potentially transformative scientific endeavour with apparently limitless applications. This basic technology is now being developed in laboratories across the UK, with significant academic impact . The frontiers of the field are being pushed back rapidly and scaling up to real-world applications now presents a significant challenge and opportunity. In this respect, the design of technology for water supply and treatment is an area that urgently requires the innovation that synthetic biology promises. In the Developed World, the engineers of the industrial revolution bequeathed us magnificent water infrastructure. But it is now aged, faulty, expensive to maintain, costly to run, energy guzzling and, consequently, unsustainable.
We will innovate in the basic-technology of synthetic biology to improve existing and create new biotechnologies for water supply and treatment focussing on two generic themes, namely: synthetic organisms as sentinels and signallers, and synthetic organisms as catalysts.
The chip-to-lab-to-pilot scale water engineering technologies in drinking water systems, membrane filtration technologies, anaerobic digestion, microbial fuel cells and bioelectrochemical systems currently being developed in the Environmental Engineering group will provide robust environments to test new ideas. We will use synthetic organisms as sentinels and signallers to engineer the formation and dissolution of biofilms and to optimise the recovery of valuable products in the anaerobic treatment of wastewater. We will develop minimal cell architectures as catalysts in detoxifying water. We will quantify the dynamics of populations of synthetic organisms in open microbial communities and explore responsible innovation in synthetic biology and governance of the emerging technologies.
Synthetic biology is an exciting and potentially transformative scientific endeavour with apparently limitless applications. This basic technology is now being developed in laboratories across the UK, with significant academic impact . The frontiers of the field are being pushed back rapidly and scaling up to real-world applications now presents a significant challenge and opportunity. In this respect, the design of technology for water supply and treatment is an area that urgently requires the innovation that synthetic biology promises. In the Developed World, the engineers of the industrial revolution bequeathed us magnificent water infrastructure. But it is now aged, faulty, expensive to maintain, costly to run, energy guzzling and, consequently, unsustainable.
We will innovate in the basic-technology of synthetic biology to improve existing and create new biotechnologies for water supply and treatment focussing on two generic themes, namely: synthetic organisms as sentinels and signallers, and synthetic organisms as catalysts.
The chip-to-lab-to-pilot scale water engineering technologies in drinking water systems, membrane filtration technologies, anaerobic digestion, microbial fuel cells and bioelectrochemical systems currently being developed in the Environmental Engineering group will provide robust environments to test new ideas. We will use synthetic organisms as sentinels and signallers to engineer the formation and dissolution of biofilms and to optimise the recovery of valuable products in the anaerobic treatment of wastewater. We will develop minimal cell architectures as catalysts in detoxifying water. We will quantify the dynamics of populations of synthetic organisms in open microbial communities and explore responsible innovation in synthetic biology and governance of the emerging technologies.
Planned Impact
The water industry in the UK rivals the healthcare, energy, and telecommunications sectors in terms of direct access to the population and its impact on the public health and wellbeing. It is a testament to the success of 20th century water engineers that more than 95% of the UK population is connected to 1700 drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) and 9000 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) by more than 700,000 km's of pipes and sewers. But 3-5% of electricity used for water supply and treatment emitting more than 4 million tonnes of greenhouse gases and £120 billion was spent over the last 20 years to merely maintain and iteratively improve the existing unsustainable infrastructure. The industry desperately needs to move towards cheaper, more sustainable, low-energy technologies.
From source to sink water is teeming with life, consequently the greatest challenges in the engineered water cycle revolve around managing microorganisms; we try to kill them in water treatment processes, they clog filters, corrode water supply pipes, we nurture them in wastewater treatment plants to convert waste into something less harmful. Synthetic biology offers us the potential to control some of the key processes in a way that we have never been able to do in the past. In this Frontier Engineering award we will make the first concerted effort to take promising synthetic biology breakthroughs and advance them towards viable technologies in water engineering. If we can use synthetic organisms to tell us how to control the formation of biofilms we could reduce pumping costs or prevent corrosion. If we can engineer organisms to make useful products from wastewater we could change the economics of wastewater treatment. If we can make minimal cell architectures to detoxify water then we could devise new water purification systems. We will explore all of these along with the risk, uncertainty and governance of synthetic biology applications to water supply, treatment and remediation. Our structured and less formal connections with key-players in the water supply chain will provide us with expert feedback on our research programme and the routes to deliver these impacts in this strategically important industry.
From source to sink water is teeming with life, consequently the greatest challenges in the engineered water cycle revolve around managing microorganisms; we try to kill them in water treatment processes, they clog filters, corrode water supply pipes, we nurture them in wastewater treatment plants to convert waste into something less harmful. Synthetic biology offers us the potential to control some of the key processes in a way that we have never been able to do in the past. In this Frontier Engineering award we will make the first concerted effort to take promising synthetic biology breakthroughs and advance them towards viable technologies in water engineering. If we can use synthetic organisms to tell us how to control the formation of biofilms we could reduce pumping costs or prevent corrosion. If we can engineer organisms to make useful products from wastewater we could change the economics of wastewater treatment. If we can make minimal cell architectures to detoxify water then we could devise new water purification systems. We will explore all of these along with the risk, uncertainty and governance of synthetic biology applications to water supply, treatment and remediation. Our structured and less formal connections with key-players in the water supply chain will provide us with expert feedback on our research programme and the routes to deliver these impacts in this strategically important industry.
Publications
Woodcock S
(2013)
Modelling the effects of dispersal mechanisms and hydrodynamic regimes upon the structure of microbial communities within fluvial biofilms.
in Environmental microbiology
Paterson DJ
(2014)
Integrating microfluidic generation, handling and analysis of biomimetic giant unilamellar vesicles.
in Lab on a chip
Couto JM
(2015)
Metagenomic Sequencing Unravels Gene Fragments with Phylogenetic Signatures of O2-Tolerant NiFe Membrane-Bound Hydrogenases in Lacustrine Sediment.
in Current microbiology
Schroeder JL
(2015)
Probabilistic models to describe the dynamics of migrating microbial communities.
in PloS one
Feder M
(2015)
Influence of biofilms on heavy metal immobilization in sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDS).
in Environmental technology
Sartzi H
(2015)
Trapping the d Isomer of the Polyoxometalate-Based Keggin Cluster with a Tripodal Ligand
in Angewandte Chemie
Lewis EE
(2015)
The influence of particle size and static magnetic fields on the uptake of magnetic nanoparticles into three dimensional cell-seeded collagen gel cultures.
in Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials
Tsuda S
(2015)
Customizable 3D Printed 'Plug and Play' Millifluidic Devices for Programmable Fluidics.
in PloS one
Schirmer M
(2015)
Insight into biases and sequencing errors for amplicon sequencing with the Illumina MiSeq platform.
in Nucleic acids research
Title | Brainwaves |
Description | Prof Cronin has appeared on the BBC Radio Scotland "Brainwaves" program, in which he discusses his work, the origin of life, and his development as a scientist. (link below for a limited time only) |
Type Of Art | Film/Video/Animation |
Year Produced | 2016 |
Impact | Scottish audience (but also available on-line) |
URL | http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b070d3yb |
Title | Disruptive Interview |
Description | In an interview for the 3D printing magazine "Disruptive", Lee Cronin discusses his approach of using 3D printing technology for drug discovery and pharmaceuticals, and the digitalisation of the chemical world. |
Type Of Art | Film/Video/Animation |
Year Produced | 2015 |
Impact | target audience |
URL | http://www.disruptivemagazine.com/opinion/disruptive-interview-lee-cronin-regius-chair-chemistry-uni... |
Title | People Behind the Science |
Description | Prof Cronin has appeared on the "People Behind the Science" podcast, where he shared his views on the Origin of Life, and on how chemistry gets complicated, as well as discussing his life as a scientist. |
Type Of Art | Film/Video/Animation |
Year Produced | 2015 |
Impact | inspiration |
URL | http://www.peoplebehindthescience.com/dr-lee-cronin/ |
Title | Through the Wormhole |
Description | Lee Cronin and Cronin group research were featured on the latest episode of Through the Wormhole. Lee explained his theory of chemical evolution that pre-dates biological evolution without genes. The episode was broadcast on the Science Channel, and the Cronin Group research can be seen in the first section of the 1-hour episode. (with Morgan Freeman) |
Type Of Art | Film/Video/Animation |
Year Produced | 2015 |
Impact | Large audience. |
URL | http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2qd2qu |
Description | We have identified keystone species in the formation of biofilms in drinking water and showed that their ability to catalyse the formation of biofilms is related to flow regime. We have developed synthetic communities of methanogens and their syntrophs in microfluidic devices the enhance the production of methane from wastewater. We have developed protocells that can harvest metal pollutants from wastewater. We have developed a cell analogues that can rapidly oxides waste. We developed a robotic platform to optimise the functioning of mixed microbial communities to treat wastewater. We have shown that synthetic organisms evolve rapidly when placed in stressful environments and thus have to be replaced on a regular basis. We have developed a responsible innovation framework to direct research and innovation in synthetic biology. We have shown that predatory bacteria can be used to clean water infrastructure. All of these are now being applied to deliver novel wastewater treatment technologies in Thailand and Mexico and drinking water treatment in rural Scotland. |
Exploitation Route | Colleagues in the Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand and ATREE Bangalore India are using our methods for manipulating microbial communities in the design of new sanitation solutions for developing countries. We are also now working with Scottish Water on a major programme of work on water provision for rural communities. |
Sectors | Environment |
Description | The household scale wastewater bioreactors that we helped to develop are being deployed in a chain of petrol stations in Thailand |
First Year Of Impact | 2020 |
Sector | Environment,Healthcare |
Impact Types | Economic |
Description | BBSRC IBIOIC DTC |
Amount | £69,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | IBioIC |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 08/2017 |
End | 09/2021 |
Description | Optimising decentralised low-cost wastewater infrastructure by managing the microbes |
Amount | £1,191,997 (GBP) |
Funding ID | EP/P029329/1 |
Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 04/2017 |
End | 04/2021 |
Description | research grant |
Amount | £250,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | Scottish Water |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 08/2017 |
End | 09/2021 |
Title | CCDC 1404374: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
Description | Related Article: Harikleia Sartzi, Haralampos N. Miras, Laia Vilà-Nadal, De-Liang Long and Leroy Cronin|2015|Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.|54|15488|doi:10.1002/anie.201505377 |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2015 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.5517/cc1j4cdf&sid=DataCite |
Title | CCDC 1404375: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
Description | Related Article: Harikleia Sartzi, Haralampos N. Miras, Laia Vilà-Nadal, De-Liang Long and Leroy Cronin|2015|Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.|54|15488|doi:10.1002/anie.201505377 |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2015 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.5517/cc1j4cfg&sid=DataCite |
Title | CCDC 1404376: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
Description | Related Article: Harikleia Sartzi, Haralampos N. Miras, Laia Vilà-Nadal, De-Liang Long and Leroy Cronin|2015|Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.|54|15488|doi:10.1002/anie.201505377 |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2015 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.5517/cc1j4cgh&sid=DataCite |
Title | CCDC 1404377: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
Description | Related Article: Harikleia Sartzi, Haralampos N. Miras, Laia Vilà-Nadal, De-Liang Long and Leroy Cronin|2015|Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.|54|15488|doi:10.1002/anie.201505377 |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2015 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.5517/cc1j4chj&sid=DataCite |
Title | CCDC 1536934: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
Description | Related Article: Qi Zheng, Laia Vilà-Nadal, Zhongling Lang, Jia-Jia Chen, De-Liang Long, Jennifer S. Mathieson, Josep M. Poblet, Leroy Cronin|2018|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|140|2595|doi:10.1021/jacs.7b11982 |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2018 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1nl9j2&sid=DataCite |
Title | CCDC 1536935: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
Description | Related Article: Qi Zheng, Laia Vilà-Nadal, Zhongling Lang, Jia-Jia Chen, De-Liang Long, Jennifer S. Mathieson, Josep M. Poblet, Leroy Cronin|2018|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|140|2595|doi:10.1021/jacs.7b11982 |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2018 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1nl9k3&sid=DataCite |
Title | CCDC 1536936: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
Description | Related Article: Qi Zheng, Laia Vilà-Nadal, Zhongling Lang, Jia-Jia Chen, De-Liang Long, Jennifer S. Mathieson, Josep M. Poblet, Leroy Cronin|2018|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|140|2595|doi:10.1021/jacs.7b11982 |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2018 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1nl9l4&sid=DataCite |
Title | CCDC 1536937: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
Description | Related Article: Qi Zheng, Laia Vilà-Nadal, Zhongling Lang, Jia-Jia Chen, De-Liang Long, Jennifer S. Mathieson, Josep M. Poblet, Leroy Cronin|2018|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|140|2595|doi:10.1021/jacs.7b11982 |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2018 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1nl9m5&sid=DataCite |
Title | CCDC 1570008: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
Description | Related Article: Takuo Minato, Daniel Salley, Noritaka Mizuno, Kazuya Yamaguchi, Leroy Cronin, Kosuke Suzuki|2021|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|143|12809|doi:10.1021/jacs.1c06047 |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2021 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1ppqfj&sid=DataCite |
Title | CCDC 1570009: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
Description | Related Article: Takuo Minato, Daniel Salley, Noritaka Mizuno, Kazuya Yamaguchi, Leroy Cronin, Kosuke Suzuki|2021|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|143|12809|doi:10.1021/jacs.1c06047 |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2021 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1ppqgk&sid=DataCite |
Title | CCDC 1570010: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
Description | Related Article: Takuo Minato, Daniel Salley, Noritaka Mizuno, Kazuya Yamaguchi, Leroy Cronin, Kosuke Suzuki|2021|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|143|12809|doi:10.1021/jacs.1c06047 |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2021 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1ppqhl&sid=DataCite |
Title | CCDC 1570011: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
Description | Related Article: Takuo Minato, Daniel Salley, Noritaka Mizuno, Kazuya Yamaguchi, Leroy Cronin, Kosuke Suzuki|2021|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|143|12809|doi:10.1021/jacs.1c06047 |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2021 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1ppqjm&sid=DataCite |
Title | CCDC 1916468: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
Description | Related Article: Haralampos N. Miras, Cole Mathis, Wemin Xuan, De-Liang Long, Robert Pow, Leroy Cronin|2020|Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci.USA|117|10699|doi:10.1073/pnas.1921536117 |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2020 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc22b7k7&sid=DataCite |
Title | CCDC 1972365: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
Description | Related Article: Daniel S. Salley, Graham A. Keenan, De-Liang Long, Nicola L. Bell, Leroy Cronin|2020|ACS Cent.Sci.|6|1587|doi:10.1021/acscentsci.0c00415 |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2020 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc246dpg&sid=DataCite |
Title | CCDC 1972366: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
Description | Related Article: Daniel S. Salley, Graham A. Keenan, De-Liang Long, Nicola L. Bell, Leroy Cronin|2020|ACS Cent.Sci.|6|1587|doi:10.1021/acscentsci.0c00415 |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2020 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc246dqh&sid=DataCite |
Title | CCDC 1972367: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
Description | Related Article: Daniel S. Salley, Graham A. Keenan, De-Liang Long, Nicola L. Bell, Leroy Cronin|2020|ACS Cent.Sci.|6|1587|doi:10.1021/acscentsci.0c00415 |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2020 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc246drj&sid=DataCite |
Title | CSD 1788382: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
Description | Related Article: Hong-Ying Zang, Jia-Jia Chen, De-Liang Long, Leroy Cronin, Haralampos N. Miras|2016|Chemical Science|7|3798|doi:10.1039/C5SC04944J |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2016 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.25505/fiz.icsd.cc1y0yrn&sid=DataCite |
Title | CSD 1788383: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
Description | Related Article: Hong-Ying Zang, Jia-Jia Chen, De-Liang Long, Leroy Cronin, Haralampos N. Miras|2016|Chemical Science|7|3798|doi:10.1039/C5SC04944J |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2016 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.25505/fiz.icsd.cc1y0ysp&sid=DataCite |
Title | CSD 1789556: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
Description | Related Article: Hong-Ying Zang, Jia-Jia Chen, De-Liang Long, Leroy Cronin, Haralampos N. Miras|2016|Chemical Science|7|3798|doi:10.1039/C5SC04944J |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2016 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.25505/fiz.icsd.cc1y25mt&sid=DataCite |
Title | CSD 1791657: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
Description | Related Article: Vasilios Duros, Jonathan Grizou, Weimin Xuan, Zied Hosni, De-Liang Long, Haralampos N. Miras, Leroy Cronin|2017|Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.|56|10815|doi:10.1002/anie.201705721 |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2017 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.25505/fiz.icsd.cc1y4cdv&sid=DataCite |
Title | CSD 1892362: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
Description | Related Article: Lee Cronin, Cai-Hong Zhan, Qi Zheng, De Liang Long, Laia Vila-Nadal|2019|Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.|58|17282|doi:10.1002/anie.201911170 |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2019 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.25505/fiz.icsd.cc21j4yp&sid=DataCite |
Title | CSD 1892363: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
Description | Related Article: Lee Cronin, Cai-Hong Zhan, Qi Zheng, De Liang Long, Laia Vila-Nadal|2019|Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.|58|17282|doi:10.1002/anie.201911170 |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2019 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.25505/fiz.icsd.cc21j4zq&sid=DataCite |
Title | CSD 1892364: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
Description | Related Article: Lee Cronin, Cai-Hong Zhan, Qi Zheng, De Liang Long, Laia Vila-Nadal|2019|Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.|58|17282|doi:10.1002/anie.201911170 |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2019 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.25505/fiz.icsd.cc21j50s&sid=DataCite |
Title | CSD 1903343: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
Description | Related Article: Eric Janusson, Noël de Kler, Laia Vilà-Nadal, De-Liang Long, Leroy Cronin|2019|Chem.Commun.|55|5797|doi:10.1039/C9CC02361E |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2019 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.25505/fiz.icsd.cc21wl5q&sid=DataCite |
Title | CSD 1903344: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination |
Description | Related Article: Eric Janusson, Noël de Kler, Laia Vilà-Nadal, De-Liang Long, Leroy Cronin|2019|Chem.Commun.|55|5797|doi:10.1039/C9CC02361E |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2019 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/services/structure_request?id=doi:10.25505/fiz.icsd.cc21wl6r&sid=DataCite |
Title | Interviews conducted with Water Sector Stakeholders in the UK. |
Description | |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2015 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Title | Lipid topology and linear cationic antimicrobial peptides: a novel mechanistic model |
Description | |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2017 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Description | AIT |
Organisation | Asian Institute of Technology |
Country | Thailand |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Synthetic biology and microbiology expertise. |
Collaborator Contribution | field survey of small scale anaerobic digestion reactors |
Impact | paper in press workshop in japan |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | Scottish Water |
Organisation | Scottish Water |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | development of a new biofiltration system |
Collaborator Contribution | 3 PhD students and support for a RAEng research fellow |
Impact | papers the co-creation of a rural communities research centre |
Start Year | 2017 |