Integrated computational and synthetic tools to drive the discovery of orthosteric protein-protein interaction inhibitors
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Leeds
Department Name: Sch of Chemistry
Abstract
Small molecule drugs continue to dominate our collective ability to treat disease. However, the pharmaceutical industry faces challenges on several fronts, and increasing productivity has been framed as the grand challenge for the sector. Against a background of increasingly cost-constrained healthcare systems, the cost of launching new drugs is increasingly high (recently estimated at £1.8 Bn for each new drug!). In order to improve productivity in drug discovery, it is necessary to develop innovative new medicines that address currently unmet medical needs. Protein-protein interactions represent a significant untapped, but challenging, opportunity for treating diseases including cancer, inflammatory disease, cardiovascular disease and infection.
Drugs function by binding to a protein target within the body. Most existing small molecule drugs bind to well-defined pockets in proteins - analogous to a key fitting into a lock. In stark contrast, the design of drugs to inhibit protein-protein interactions generally requires a fundamentally different type of interaction of the drug with its protein target - analogous to a hand gripping a ball. Thus, the development of effective drugs that target protein-protein interactions raises new challenges that need to be met in future drug discovery. This programme will develop new tools and understanding that will facilitate future drug discovery against protein-protein interactions.
We will develop computational tools to classify protein-protein interactions according to their underlying 3D structure and the probability that they can be inhibited using small molecules. We will then exploit these computational tools to design classes of small molecule that can be prepared readily using state-of-the-art synthetic methods, and that are predisposed to target different types of protein-protein interaction. The resulting small molecule inhibitors will be made available to biological researchers to help understand the role of protein-protein interactions in disease. In addition, the new tools will be made accessible to the research community to facilitate the early-stage discovery of small molecule drugs that target protein-protein interactions.
The programme will benefit from the input of major pharmaceutical companies, smaller drug discovery companies, a not-for-profit drug discovery organisation, and international academics. The involvement of a wide range of experts is essential because of the increasing trend for early stage drug discovery to be conducted by a range of organisations (both industry and academic), especially for more challenging target classes. Thus, together with wider research community engagement, we will ensure that the required future capabilities for early-stage drug discovery against protein-protein interactions are met.
Drugs function by binding to a protein target within the body. Most existing small molecule drugs bind to well-defined pockets in proteins - analogous to a key fitting into a lock. In stark contrast, the design of drugs to inhibit protein-protein interactions generally requires a fundamentally different type of interaction of the drug with its protein target - analogous to a hand gripping a ball. Thus, the development of effective drugs that target protein-protein interactions raises new challenges that need to be met in future drug discovery. This programme will develop new tools and understanding that will facilitate future drug discovery against protein-protein interactions.
We will develop computational tools to classify protein-protein interactions according to their underlying 3D structure and the probability that they can be inhibited using small molecules. We will then exploit these computational tools to design classes of small molecule that can be prepared readily using state-of-the-art synthetic methods, and that are predisposed to target different types of protein-protein interaction. The resulting small molecule inhibitors will be made available to biological researchers to help understand the role of protein-protein interactions in disease. In addition, the new tools will be made accessible to the research community to facilitate the early-stage discovery of small molecule drugs that target protein-protein interactions.
The programme will benefit from the input of major pharmaceutical companies, smaller drug discovery companies, a not-for-profit drug discovery organisation, and international academics. The involvement of a wide range of experts is essential because of the increasing trend for early stage drug discovery to be conducted by a range of organisations (both industry and academic), especially for more challenging target classes. Thus, together with wider research community engagement, we will ensure that the required future capabilities for early-stage drug discovery against protein-protein interactions are met.
Planned Impact
The pharmaceutical industry is the UK's third largest exporting sector (exports: £17B/yr), and maintains a leading global position having brought many of the world's leading drugs to the market. However, the sector faces multiple challenges on multiple fronts e.g. regulatory changes and increasingly cost-constrained healthcare systems. Increasing productivity is the grand challenge for the pharmaceutical sector. To ensure alignment with drug discovery needs, the programme will draw on the expertise of different types of organisation that are engaged in early-stage drug discovery.
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) offer a remarkable opportunity to increase innovation in early-stage drug discovery. This opportunity stems from the huge number of PPIs and their central role in healthy/ disease biology. This programme will address fundamental scientific impediments to progress in PPI inhibitor discovery. New computational tools and small molecule scaffolds will be developed to drive the discovery of cell-permeable inhibitors across a very broad range of PPI classes. The programme will open medium term opportunities to commercialise tools and longer term opportunities to address currently unmet clinical needs (e.g. such small-molecule drugs can generate sales >£1Bn). Through engagement with stakeholders in this area of research (e.g. academics, pharmaceutical scientists, other end-users and policy makers), effective pathways will be developed to commercialise or translate the research outputs to ensure that they become available. The outputs will include an online searchable PPI database; new computational tools to facilitate PPI inhibitor discovery; scaffolds/libraries that target specific PPI topologies; and high quality chemical PPI probes. Thus, this programme has the potential to impact upon a major UK sector; and, ultimately, the provision of healthcare. In addition to non-academic end-users of the research, basic scientists will exploit the new knowledge and tools to increase understanding of PPI-mediated biological mechanisms.
The team members will expand and enrich their knowledge and competencies through the programme to help transition to future careers in science. The postdoctoral researchers and PhD students who, as part of an interdisciplinary team, will develop new cutting-edge research and transferrable skills that map onto future drug-discovery needs. They will have the opportunity to undertake appropriate secondments e.g. in industry or at internationally-leading laboratories. They will also benefit from the superb research and training environments at Leeds and Bristol e.g. through interaction in targeted activities with local and international PhD training programmes.
The programme represents an opportunity to engage the general public at all age levels: the topic will serve as a vehicle to enthuse and educate the lay public as it raises many of the challenges facing modern drug discovery and hence future healthcare provision. Innovative activities that will engage the general public include comic strips, science fair exhibitions and a video documentary.
The objectives of the innovative Pathway to Impact are:
(i) to ensure alignment of the programme with future needs in drug discovery;
(ii) to secure pathways to commercialise / translate research outputs;
(iii) to train exceptional and versatile early career researchers; and
(iv) to engage the general public.
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) offer a remarkable opportunity to increase innovation in early-stage drug discovery. This opportunity stems from the huge number of PPIs and their central role in healthy/ disease biology. This programme will address fundamental scientific impediments to progress in PPI inhibitor discovery. New computational tools and small molecule scaffolds will be developed to drive the discovery of cell-permeable inhibitors across a very broad range of PPI classes. The programme will open medium term opportunities to commercialise tools and longer term opportunities to address currently unmet clinical needs (e.g. such small-molecule drugs can generate sales >£1Bn). Through engagement with stakeholders in this area of research (e.g. academics, pharmaceutical scientists, other end-users and policy makers), effective pathways will be developed to commercialise or translate the research outputs to ensure that they become available. The outputs will include an online searchable PPI database; new computational tools to facilitate PPI inhibitor discovery; scaffolds/libraries that target specific PPI topologies; and high quality chemical PPI probes. Thus, this programme has the potential to impact upon a major UK sector; and, ultimately, the provision of healthcare. In addition to non-academic end-users of the research, basic scientists will exploit the new knowledge and tools to increase understanding of PPI-mediated biological mechanisms.
The team members will expand and enrich their knowledge and competencies through the programme to help transition to future careers in science. The postdoctoral researchers and PhD students who, as part of an interdisciplinary team, will develop new cutting-edge research and transferrable skills that map onto future drug-discovery needs. They will have the opportunity to undertake appropriate secondments e.g. in industry or at internationally-leading laboratories. They will also benefit from the superb research and training environments at Leeds and Bristol e.g. through interaction in targeted activities with local and international PhD training programmes.
The programme represents an opportunity to engage the general public at all age levels: the topic will serve as a vehicle to enthuse and educate the lay public as it raises many of the challenges facing modern drug discovery and hence future healthcare provision. Innovative activities that will engage the general public include comic strips, science fair exhibitions and a video documentary.
The objectives of the innovative Pathway to Impact are:
(i) to ensure alignment of the programme with future needs in drug discovery;
(ii) to secure pathways to commercialise / translate research outputs;
(iii) to train exceptional and versatile early career researchers; and
(iv) to engage the general public.
Publications
Aubrey L
(2024)
Substitution of Met-38 to Ile in ?-synuclein found in two patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis induces aggregation into amyloid
in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Bakail M
(2019)
Recognition of ASF1 by Using Hydrocarbon-Constrained Peptides
in ChemBioChem
Bakail M
(2019)
Cover Feature: Recognition of ASF1 by Using Hydrocarbon-Constrained Peptides (ChemBioChem 7/2019)
in ChemBioChem
Batchelor M
(2022)
a-Helix stabilization by co-operative side chain charge-reinforced interactions to phosphoserine in a basic kinase-substrate motif.
in The Biochemical journal
Beard H
(2019)
Photocatalytic Proximity Labelling of MCL-1 by a BH3 Ligand
Beard H
(2019)
Photocatalytic proximity labelling of MCL-1 by a BH3 ligand
in Communications Chemistry
Beard H
(2019)
Author Correction: Photocatalytic proximity labelling of MCL-1 by a BH3 ligand
in Communications Chemistry
Beard, H.A.
(2018)
Affinity-guided chemical probes for the study of protein interactions
Bunce SJ
(2019)
Molecular insights into the surface-catalyzed secondary nucleation of amyloid-ß40 (Aß40) by the peptide fragment Aß16-22.
in Science advances
Bunce SJ
(2021)
Structural insights into peptide self-assembly using photo-induced crosslinking experiments and discontinuous molecular dynamics.
in AIChE journal. American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Cawood E
(2021)
Visualizing and trapping transient oligomers in amyloid assembly pathways
in Biophysical Chemistry
Cawood EE
(2020)
Modulation of Amyloidogenic Protein Self-Assembly Using Tethered Small Molecules.
in Journal of the American Chemical Society
Celis S
(2021)
Query-guided protein-protein interaction inhibitor discovery.
in Chemical science
Chan H
(2021)
Discovery of SARS-CoV-2 M pro peptide inhibitors from modelling substrate and ligand binding
in Chemical Science
Dos Santos Rodrigues FH
(2019)
The Leishmania PABP1-eIF4E4 interface: a novel 5'-3' interaction architecture for trans-spliced mRNAs.
in Nucleic acids research
Fletcher JM
(2018)
De novo coiled-coil peptides as scaffolds for disrupting protein-protein interactions.
in Chemical science
Gallardo R
(2020)
Fibril structures of diabetes-related amylin variants reveal a basis for surface-templated assembly.
in Nature structural & molecular biology
Green AI
(2020)
Activity-Directed Synthesis of Inhibitors of the p53/hDM2 Protein-Protein Interaction.
in Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)
Hegedus Z
(2019)
A catalytic protein-proteomimetic complex: using aromatic oligoamide foldamers as activators of RNase S.
in Chemical science
Hegedüs Z
(2021)
Identification of ß-strand mediated protein-protein interaction inhibitors using ligand-directed fragment ligation.
in Chemical science
Hetherington K
(2020)
Stapled Peptides as HIF-1a/p300 Inhibitors: Helicity Enhancement in the Bound State Increases Inhibitory Potency.
in Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)
Description | We have developed new experimental and computational methods to predict and probe important features at protein-protein interfaces. Our computational tool is accessible through a web server and can be used to support the design of new inhibitors in drug discovery processes. We have also established methods to harness this tool and others to identify and prioritise small molecule inhibitors of protein-protein interactions for synthesis and experimental evaluation - this could accelerate the discovery and development of drug candidates. Finally, we have established new design and screening methods to identify ligands that recognise dynamic protein surfaces - these play a role in multiple disease relevant biological processes and represent potential target for drug-discovery. Alongside this we developed new reagents (now commercialized) for mapping of protein-protein interfaces using mass-spectrometry methods. |
Exploitation Route | The outcomes of this research may be taken forward in the pharmaceutical industry and academia as part of chemical probe and drug discovery efforts against challenging targets. they might also be used more broadly by Life Sciences researchers to study the molecular basis of biological functions. |
Sectors | Chemicals Healthcare Pharmaceuticals and Medical Biotechnology |
URL | https://poppi.website/ |
Description | We have produced a YouTube video outlining the challenge facing the drug discovery industry that was published and promoted. We also developed a protein-protein interactions "jigsaw" game that has been used a public engagement events. Findings from this award are being used by researchers in the pharmaceutical sector and medicinal chemistry to inform compound design for identification of inhibitors of protein-protein interactions. The developed computational tools (including web interface are widely used by researchers in academia and industry). Reagents for mapping protein-protein interactions were commercialized via Redbrick and Fluorochem. |
First Year Of Impact | 2019 |
Sector | Chemicals,Healthcare,Pharmaceuticals and Medical Biotechnology |
Impact Types | Societal Policy & public services |
Description | A Platform for Chemical Probe Identification and Optimization Facilitating Interrogation of Biological Mechanisms |
Amount | £1,200,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | EP/V029169/1 |
Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2021 |
End | 09/2023 |
Description | Autonomous Phenotype-Directed Molecular Discovery |
Amount | £1,184,398 (GBP) |
Funding ID | EP/W002914/1 |
Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2022 |
End | 09/2025 |
Description | Deciphering the Function of Intrinsically Disordered Protein Regions in a Cellular Context |
Amount | £5,400,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | BB/V003577/1 |
Organisation | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 01/2021 |
End | 12/2026 |
Description | Marie Curie Fellowship |
Amount | € 184,000 (EUR) |
Funding ID | 749012 |
Organisation | European Commission |
Department | Horizon 2020 |
Sector | Public |
Country | European Union (EU) |
Start | 04/2017 |
End | 04/2019 |
Description | Newton Advanced Fellowship - Peptide Based TLR4 Chemical Probe Development for Inhibition of the TLR4/MD-2 interaction |
Amount | £107,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | NA170152 |
Organisation | Royal Society of Chemistry |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 11/2017 |
End | 10/2020 |
Title | BALAS Application |
Description | BALAS is an online web-interface that can be used to rapidly predict hot-residues at protein-protein interfaces. see: https://pragmaticproteindesign.bio.ed.ac.uk/balas/, Wood CW et al (2020) BAlaS: fast, interactive and accessible computational alanine-scanning using BudeAlaScan, Bioinformatics, btaa026. and Ibarra AA et al (2019) Predicting and Experimentally Validating Hot-Spot Residues at Protein-Protein Interfaces, ACS Chem. Biol., 14, 2252-2263. |
Type Of Material | Improvements to research infrastructure |
Year Produced | 2019 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | There has been widespread informal favourable commentary on the utility of this interface for research in life sciences and drug discovery research. |
URL | https://pragmaticproteindesign.bio.ed.ac.uk/balas/ |
Title | BALAS Application |
Description | BALAS is an online web-interface that can be used to rapidly predict hot-residues at protein-protein interfaces. see: https://pragmaticproteindesign.bio.ed.ac.uk/balas/, Wood CW et al (2020) BAlaS: fast, interactive and accessible computational alanine-scanning using BudeAlaScan, Bioinformatics, btaa026 and Ibarra AA et al (2019) Predicting and Experimentally Validating Hot-Spot Residues at Protein-Protein Interfaces, ACS Chem. Biol., 14, 2252-2263. |
Type Of Material | Data analysis technique |
Year Produced | 2019 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | There has been widespread informal favourable commentary on the utility of this interface for research in life sciences and drug discovery research. |
URL | https://pragmaticproteindesign.bio.ed.ac.uk/balas/ |
Title | Helix stabilization in a basic kinase-substrate motif: CD and NMR datasets |
Description | Mean residue ellipticities (CD) and chemical shifts (NMR) for peptides |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2022 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | https://archive.researchdata.leeds.ac.uk/946/ |
Description | AZ |
Organisation | AstraZeneca |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Private |
PI Contribution | Our team elaborated a computational workflow, designed inhibitor candidates, expressed and purified proteins, developed assays and tested compounds. Our team also carried out synthesis of additional inhibitor candidates and rationalized their experimental behaviour using computational methods. |
Collaborator Contribution | Astra Zeneca are project partners on this award. They have contributed expertise and know-how in small molecule ligand design, computational methods and screening approaches. They have contributed preparative chiral HPLC to separate candidate inhibitors, computational resource to perform structure similarity searching and samples from the AZ compound screening collection for experimental testing |
Impact | S. Celis, F. Hobor, T. James, G. J. Bartlett, A. A. Ibarra, D. K. Shoemark, Z. Hegedüs, K. Hetherington, D. N. Woolfson, R. B. Sessions, T. A. Edwards, D. M. Andrews, A. Nelson and A. J. Wilson, Query-guided protein-protein interaction inhibitor discovery, Chem. Sci., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/D1SC00023C. |
Start Year | 2016 |
Description | Autonomous phenotype-directed molecular discovery |
Organisation | Max Planck Society |
Country | Germany |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
PI Contribution | We will develop new automated methods for the exploration of chemical space. We will characterise the bioactive chemical probes that are discovered using the phenotype-directed discovery approach. |
Collaborator Contribution | MPI will contribute phenotypic assays including the cell-painting assay which is a broad readout of biological relevance. The Rosalind Franklin Institute will contribute high-throughput experimentation and algorithm to the collaboration. |
Impact | No outcomes to date. This is a multidisciplinary collaboration involving chemistry (automated synthesis, chemical biology), cell biology and computational science (algorithms to drive discovery). |
Start Year | 2022 |
Title | BALAS Application |
Description | BALAS is an online web-interface that can be used to rapidly predict hot-residues at protein-protein interfaces. see: https://pragmaticproteindesign.bio.ed.ac.uk/balas/, Wood CW et al (2020) BAlaS: fast, interactive and accessible computational alanine-scanning using BudeAlaScan, Bioinformatics, btaa026. and Ibarra AA et al (2019) Predicting and Experimentally Validating Hot-Spot Residues at Protein-Protein Interfaces, ACS Chem. Biol., 14, 2252-2263. |
Type Of Technology | Webtool/Application |
Year Produced | 2019 |
Impact | There has been widespread informal favourable commentary on the utility of this interface for research in life sciences and drug discovery research. |
URL | https://pragmaticproteindesign.bio.ed.ac.uk/balas/ |
Description | Astbury Conversation |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Astbury Conversation Public Engagement Event 17-18 April 2018: Introduction of Interactive Game on PPIs to illustrate the principles of PPIs. https://astburyconversation.leeds.ac.uk/ |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
URL | https://astburyconversation.leeds.ac.uk/ |
Description | David Andrews - ELRIG 2019 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | David Andrews spoke at ELRIG 2019 on the topic of understanding and manipulating protein-protein interactions using chemical biology approaches. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
URL | https://poppi.website/david-andrews-talks-at-elrig-2019/ |
Description | Dek Woolfson chairs a public debate on plants, microbes and people |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | On 23 November 2016, Dek Woolfson chaired a public debate 'Altering plants, microbes and people' at The Watershed, Bristol. Members of the public were invited to join researchers from BrisSynBio to discuss the emerging discipline of synthetic biology and how it may be applied to a range of sectors, from using microorganisms as factories for food and fuel, smart therapeutics, improved crops and even altered humans. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
URL | https://poppi.website/dek-woolfson-chairs-a-public-debate-on-plants-microbes-and-people/ |
Description | Pint of Science |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Prof Andy Wilson gave a talk as part of the Chem-Mystery of Life session associated with the Pint-of-Science Festival. He spoke at the session on the 15th May 2017 at The Social, 21 Merrion Street, Leeds LS2 8JG. Further details are available through the Pint of Science https://pintofscience.co.uk/event/the-chem-mystery-of-life.Lecture Title: "PoPPI - Perturbation of Protein-Protein Interactions" |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://pintofscience.co.uk/event/the-chem-mystery-of-life |
Description | PoPPI Team - School Visits |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | In 2016 Dek Woolfson presented to and interacted with pupils at Downside School, BathIn 2018, Professor Adam Nelson visited Titus Salt School in Saltaire, Bradford, and Outwood Grange Academy in Wakefield. In 2019 Professor Adam Nelson visited greenhead College, Huddersfield. In March 2019, David Andrews visited Northgate High School Ipswich. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016,2018,2019 |
URL | https://poppi.website/public-engagement/ |
Description | PoPPI Video |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | Video produced to introduce PPI and the PoPPI programme. This is part of the home page on the website and will be used at future public engagement events. The video has also been added to a new YouTube Channel. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ_eL_1adGWjf33dQDuqDIw/featured?disable_polymer=1 |
Description | PoPPI Website |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | A programme website has been designed (see www.poppi.website), which is used as a tool for relaying information to the wider community. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | http://www.poppi.website |
Description | School Visit |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | Schools Enrichment Day Seminar, Notre Dame Catholic 6th Form College, Leeds (20th June 2022): "Interdisciplinary Synthetic Chemistry; From the Lab to Societal and Economic Impact" |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | School Visit |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | Schools Enrichment Day Seminar, Notre Dame Catholic 6th Form College, Leeds (22nd June 2023): "Chemistry in Biology and Drug Discovery"" |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
Description | Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.) - PPI_Net National Conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Organization and hosting of PPI-net International conference with ~ 120 delegates |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
URL | https://www.soci.org/events/proteinprotein-interactions-2019 |
Description | • Schools Lecture, Notre Dame Catholic 6th Form College, Leeds (6th May 2022): "Research at the Interface Between Physical And Life Sciences" |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | Schools Lecture, Notre Dame Catholic 6th Form College, Leeds (6th May 2022): "Research at the Interface Between Physical And Life Sciences" |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |