STORMLAMP - STructural behaviour Of Rock Mounted Lighthouses At the Mercy of imPulsive waves
Lead Research Organisation:
Plymouth University
Department Name: Sch of Engineering
Abstract
Historic rock-mounted lighthouses play a vital role in the safe navigation around perilous reefs. However their longevity is threatened by the battering of waves which may be set to increase with climate change. Virtual navigational aids such as GPS are fallible, and reliance on them can be disastrous. Mariners will therefore continue to need the physical visual aids of these strategic structures. The loss of any reef lighthouse will be incalculable in terms of safety, trade and heritage.
Plymouth University has trialled the use of recording instruments to capture limited information on the loading and response of Eddystone Lighthouse, with the support of the General Lighthouse Authorities (GLAs) having legal responsibility to safeguard aids to marine navigation around the British Isles. The study evaluated the extreme logistical constraints of lighthouse operations and the feasibility of using instrumentation to understand the response of the lighthouse to wave loads, with results strongly encouraging a comprehensive study of the load and response environment.
Hence a full-scale project is proposed whereby field, laboratory and mathematical/computer modelling methods, novel both individually and collectively, will be used to assess six of the most vulnerable rock lighthouses in the UK and Ireland. Depending on the findings the investigation will then focus on extended full-scale evaluation of one lighthouse for the following two winters.
The field instrumentation run by University of Exeter, and which will include modal testing and long term instrumentation will require novel procedures and technologies to be created to deal with the challenging environmental and logistical constraints e.g. of access, timing power.
The modal test data will be used to guide the creation, by UCL, of sophisticated multi-scale numerical simulations of lighthouses that can be used with the data to diagnose observed performance in the long-term monitoring.
The numerical structural model will also be linked with advanced physical modelling at Plymouth University's COAST Laboratory, and numerical (computational fluid dynamic) simulations.
Finally, based on the structural and wave loading models, the long term monitoring will be used to characterize the wave loading in-situ at full scale.
Outcomes of the project will be used to inform the comprehensive structural health monitoring of other lighthouses both in the British Isles and further afield through the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities. This will lead to the identification of structural distress and reduction in the risk of failure through preventative measures. Methods developed will also be of relevance to other masonry structures under wave loads so the project team includes a number of industrial partners: AECOM, Atkins, HR Wallingford and the Environment Agency who have interests in this area. As the UK has a large number of ageing coastal defences whose vulnerability to wave load was demonstrated in the winter 2013/14 storms, the applicability of the STORMLAMP findings to these structures is an important additional benefit of the project.
Plymouth University has trialled the use of recording instruments to capture limited information on the loading and response of Eddystone Lighthouse, with the support of the General Lighthouse Authorities (GLAs) having legal responsibility to safeguard aids to marine navigation around the British Isles. The study evaluated the extreme logistical constraints of lighthouse operations and the feasibility of using instrumentation to understand the response of the lighthouse to wave loads, with results strongly encouraging a comprehensive study of the load and response environment.
Hence a full-scale project is proposed whereby field, laboratory and mathematical/computer modelling methods, novel both individually and collectively, will be used to assess six of the most vulnerable rock lighthouses in the UK and Ireland. Depending on the findings the investigation will then focus on extended full-scale evaluation of one lighthouse for the following two winters.
The field instrumentation run by University of Exeter, and which will include modal testing and long term instrumentation will require novel procedures and technologies to be created to deal with the challenging environmental and logistical constraints e.g. of access, timing power.
The modal test data will be used to guide the creation, by UCL, of sophisticated multi-scale numerical simulations of lighthouses that can be used with the data to diagnose observed performance in the long-term monitoring.
The numerical structural model will also be linked with advanced physical modelling at Plymouth University's COAST Laboratory, and numerical (computational fluid dynamic) simulations.
Finally, based on the structural and wave loading models, the long term monitoring will be used to characterize the wave loading in-situ at full scale.
Outcomes of the project will be used to inform the comprehensive structural health monitoring of other lighthouses both in the British Isles and further afield through the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities. This will lead to the identification of structural distress and reduction in the risk of failure through preventative measures. Methods developed will also be of relevance to other masonry structures under wave loads so the project team includes a number of industrial partners: AECOM, Atkins, HR Wallingford and the Environment Agency who have interests in this area. As the UK has a large number of ageing coastal defences whose vulnerability to wave load was demonstrated in the winter 2013/14 storms, the applicability of the STORMLAMP findings to these structures is an important additional benefit of the project.
Planned Impact
As an island trading nation experiencing some of the world's strongest storms, the UK is particularly vulnerable to maritime navigation failure, and loss of one strategic lighthouse will have incalculable effect on safety and trade. The impact of STORMLAMP technology will be to reduce the likelihood of structural failure by characterising the loading and performance so that operators can integrate objective performance information with subjective visual assessment.
Impacts are expected through lighthouse authorities and associated business in UK and worldwide, the community of seafarers, coastal engineering and heritage agencies and due to the fascinating extreme engineering and historical significance, to schools, the general public and heritage agencies.
For national lighthouse authorities: STORMLAMP will primarily impact the General Lighthouse Authorities of the British Isles, e.g. Trinity House, who have internationally sanctioned legal responsibility to maintain the visual navigational aids of which offshore rock lighthouses are a vital component. Modern and efficient tools will be researched and tested to help them continue this vital role and preserve the structures. STORMLAMP investigators have a working relationship the GLAs who are necessarily project partners and provide all possible means of support and access.
For international agencies: Beyond the British Isles, STORMLAMP has the support of the Chair of the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities. STORMLAMP thus has direct access to and can provide input to the technical committee that provide guidance to its members, who include overseas lighthouse authorities and associated businesses.
For mariners: The Nautical Institute provides a direct impact route to seafarers and practical maritime professionals, via its international journal Seaways as well as wide range of technical guidance notes and opportunities for lectures.
For the UK coastal engineering industry: STORMLAMP has capability to generate broader benefits to other types of marine structures where the nature of structure/seabed interface leads to enhanced wave loading. AECOM, Atkins, HR Wallingford and the Environment Agency have specific interest in STORMLAMP outcomes for this application.
Other routes to technical impact are through the EPSRC-funded Collaborative Computational Project on Wave Structure Interaction and a range of (journal and conference) publications and presentations targeting academia and industry.
Public and educational: Lighthouses feature prominently in British literature, art, and film as well as in children's books and television, and the STORMLAMP project will be used to promote the engineering and cultural heritage aspects and the context as a maritime nation. This includes international coverage e.g. through National Geographic documentaries.
Schools: The Institution of Civil Engineers is interested to base educational material for school and other public engagement activities, to be delivered by ICE STEM Ambassadors in the format of talks and workshops.
Heritage: UK's Victorian era lighthouses are of great historic significance, so the project would provide interesting case studies to international heritage agencies. STORMLAMP will also work with Historic England and Historic Scotland on publicity on protecting this heritage.
Impacts are expected through lighthouse authorities and associated business in UK and worldwide, the community of seafarers, coastal engineering and heritage agencies and due to the fascinating extreme engineering and historical significance, to schools, the general public and heritage agencies.
For national lighthouse authorities: STORMLAMP will primarily impact the General Lighthouse Authorities of the British Isles, e.g. Trinity House, who have internationally sanctioned legal responsibility to maintain the visual navigational aids of which offshore rock lighthouses are a vital component. Modern and efficient tools will be researched and tested to help them continue this vital role and preserve the structures. STORMLAMP investigators have a working relationship the GLAs who are necessarily project partners and provide all possible means of support and access.
For international agencies: Beyond the British Isles, STORMLAMP has the support of the Chair of the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities. STORMLAMP thus has direct access to and can provide input to the technical committee that provide guidance to its members, who include overseas lighthouse authorities and associated businesses.
For mariners: The Nautical Institute provides a direct impact route to seafarers and practical maritime professionals, via its international journal Seaways as well as wide range of technical guidance notes and opportunities for lectures.
For the UK coastal engineering industry: STORMLAMP has capability to generate broader benefits to other types of marine structures where the nature of structure/seabed interface leads to enhanced wave loading. AECOM, Atkins, HR Wallingford and the Environment Agency have specific interest in STORMLAMP outcomes for this application.
Other routes to technical impact are through the EPSRC-funded Collaborative Computational Project on Wave Structure Interaction and a range of (journal and conference) publications and presentations targeting academia and industry.
Public and educational: Lighthouses feature prominently in British literature, art, and film as well as in children's books and television, and the STORMLAMP project will be used to promote the engineering and cultural heritage aspects and the context as a maritime nation. This includes international coverage e.g. through National Geographic documentaries.
Schools: The Institution of Civil Engineers is interested to base educational material for school and other public engagement activities, to be delivered by ICE STEM Ambassadors in the format of talks and workshops.
Heritage: UK's Victorian era lighthouses are of great historic significance, so the project would provide interesting case studies to international heritage agencies. STORMLAMP will also work with Historic England and Historic Scotland on publicity on protecting this heritage.
Organisations
Publications
Antonini A
(2018)
SURVIVABILITY ASSESSMENT OF FASTNET LIGHTHOUSE
in Coastal Engineering Proceedings
Antonini A
(2018)
Survivability assessment of Fastnet lighthouse
Antonini A
(2019)
Survivability assessment of fastnet lighthouse
in Coastal Engineering
Antonini A
(2021)
A Bayesian inverse dynamic approach for impulsive wave loading reconstruction: Theory, laboratory and field application
in Coastal Engineering
Au S
(2021)
Understanding and managing identification uncertainty of close modes in operational modal analysis
in Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing
Brownjohn J
(2018)
Experimental modal analysis of British rock lighthouses
in Marine Structures
Brownjohn J
(2024)
Wolf Rock Lighthouse Long-Term Monitoring
in Infrastructures
Brownjohn J
(2017)
Modal testing of offshore rock lighthouses around the British Isles
in Procedia Engineering
Brownjohn J
(2019)
Bayesian operational modal analysis of offshore rock lighthouses: Close modes, alignment, symmetry and uncertainty
in Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing
Brownjohn J.
(2019)
Bayesian oma of offshore rock lighthouses: Surprises with close modes, symmetry and alignment
in 8th IOMAC - International Operational Modal Analysis Conference, Proceedings
Dassanayake D
(2020)
MODELLING THE WOLF ROCK LIGHTHOUSE
in Coastal Engineering Proceedings
Dassanayake D
(2021)
Influence of the Spatial Pressure Distribution of Breaking Wave Loading on the Dynamic Response of Wolf Rock Lighthouse
in Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Dassanayake D T
(2019)
Efficacy of Analysis Techniques In Assessing Broken Wave Loading On A Cylinder Upon A Shoal
Dassanayake D T
(2019)
Physical Modelling of the Effect of Shoal Geometry on Wave Loading and Runup on a Cylinder
Dassanayake D.T.
(2020)
Modelling the Wolf Rock lighthouse
in Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference
Khosroshahi S
(2022)
A Multidisciplinary Computational Framework for Topology Optimisation of Offshore Helidecks
in Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Pappas A
(2021)
Rocking of offshore lighthouses under extreme wave impacts: Limit analysis, analytic formulations and distinct element method
in Engineering Structures
Raby A
(2019)
Environmental loading of heritage structures.
in Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences
Title | Creative Associates STORMLAMP project video |
Description | Obtained funding to produce a video based upon the STORMLAMP project |
Type Of Art | Film/Video/Animation |
Year Produced | 2018 |
Impact | None yet. |
URL | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4FEXSUQ9rk |
Description | Modal tests/monitoring: Forced vibration using a 'shaker' enables identification of at least the fundamental modes of vibration. Where there is a helideck, there are up to 4 'fundamental' modes, in two directions and with different phase with respect to the masonry structure. Helidecks modify the modal mass, a key parameter controlling the response to external horizontal loads. For Wolf Rock, the identified modal parameters provide a means to estimate the breaking wave modal impulses. Surprisingly, forced vibration testing during strong winds provided more usable data than ambient vibration testing. Vibration modes are aligned weakly with specific directions, which there was some success at identifying. Simple simulations explain directional affects on frequency response functions and mode splitting due to a helideck. Monitoring data facilitated characterising the extreme impulsive wave loads, some at similar levels to a large earthquake. Monitoring data for the 2017/2018 winter storm season corroborate wave tank data on extreme loads. Bayesian operational modal analysis (BAYOMA) yields the probability density function of modal properties Les Hanois: software was used, initially using a broadband random excitation, as is conventionally used with shakers, but this proved to be a poor choice for Les Hanois, with poor signal to noise ratio; swept sine (sweeping up then down a limited band) proved to be more viable Modal mass is a vital parameter for inverse identification of wave loading from response data, but it cannot be directly estimated using OMA There are at least four modes having a zero-node cantilever character in the masonry tower, partly due to the symmetry resulting in mode pairs with approximately orthogonal direction when seen in plan, and partly due to the helideck which behaves to some extent as a lumped mass on a spring and which splits what might be a single mode in a simple tower into two modes. The mode pairs have alternate phase (0° or 180°), a behaviour rather similar to that of a structure with a tuned mass damper The strongest response was observed during Storm Brian (21st November). The free decay is strongly non-linear and would not be amenable to OMA that assumes linear behaviour. The response to this and other storms will be 'decoded' to interpret wave loads based on the results of both forced and ambient testing. The development of an 'uncertainty law' for close modes, i.e., closed form analytical expressions for the remaining uncertainty of modal parameters identified using output-only ambient vibration data. Hydrodynamics: Fastnet's extreme wave climate shows no statistically significant effects of due to the climate change. Lighthouses are not affected by direct breaking wave loading but by broken wave impacts - intensity is reduced but duration is increased, compared to unbroken wave. Wave load does not vary linearly with breaking distance - depends on whether the wave can regenerate after it first breaks, so depends on precise bathymetry. Impulsive force is always larger than the quasi-static force. Force laboratory data can be effectively analysed by means of seismic analysis techniques such as deconvolution and Duhamel integral. Considered 250 year wave but displacement maxima ~0.7mm Site-specific wave description from directional extreme wave analysis using Ifremer's hindcast model data Quantified the influence of the pressure distributions on the dynamic response of the lighthouse structure Structural modelling: Structural response of lighthouses due to waves is governed by uplift and rocking. DEM and FEM with contact interfaces between discontinuous blocks successfully used for modelling extreme wave impacts. Limit analysis used for assessing failure using Python code used on 6 lighthouses - size, shape, density, and height above the sea level were found to be crucial. The vulnerability of the lighthouses, in combination with extreme wave hazard can be used for prioritising the detailed analysis and structural assessment. Uplift of contact joints in FEM achieved with discontinuous model with contact interfaces between courses (m=0.8) Elevation of wave impact area important. The combination of bigger diameter and greater weight near the bottom makes the lighthouse able to resist significantly bigger forces if the impact area is near the bottom. The structural response of the lighthouse resembles a quasi-linear elastic vibration for small impacts and becomes highly nonlinear with intense rocking and joint separation for stronger impacts. The 50 years wave impact that was calculated based on the climatic wave conditions for Wolf Rock which has a steep bottom topography, causes intense rocking and opening of the horizontal joints but it is not expected to cause collapse. Great importance of the vertical keying to the stability of the lighthouse. Wolf Rock lighthouse would not be able to survive the impact of a 5 years return period wave without the presence of vertical keying The continuous FE models do not yield satisfactory results. The elastic model underestimates the level of motion, especially for strong impacts, and the nonlinear model manifests unrealistic deformations. The discontinuous FE model which allows uplift and detachment of the horizontal joints was the most reliable approach. The structural response (i.e. horizontal displacement at control points) of the lighthouse impacted by dynamic wave forces is not proportional with the magnitude of these forces. The horizontal displacement near the top of the lighthouse increases drammatically for forces that exceed the threshold calculated by the limit analysis. Limit analysis curves are found to be a reliable approach and a tool for quick structural assessment. Development of a Bayesian inverse dynamic approach for impulsive wave loading reconstruction. The method allows the identification of the length of the impulsive loading component. This has implications on the use of impulse theory for the assessment or design of marine structures. |
Exploitation Route | Findings from STORMLAMP are applicable to all lighthouse authorities and other marine structures users. We have produced a comprehensive Guidance Note for the UK and Irish General Lighthouse Authorities and are contributing to guidance documents for the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) which includes authorities in the US China, Russia, Brazil, India, South Africa, and Australia. |
Sectors | Construction Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software) Environment Culture Heritage Museums and Collections Transport |
URL | https://stormlamp.org.uk/ |
Description | In August 2023 AR was contacted by the Northern Lighthouse Board to investigate how Skerryvore lighthouse in Scotland would be affected by the installation of PV panels to help them meet their Government Greening Commitment. This work is on-going and AR hopes to secure an IAA for some of the numerical modelling aspects. Subsequent to completion of STORMLAMP, UCL won an Impact Accelerator Award to work with Trinity House on the design of the new Bishop Rock lighthouse helideck. The existing helideck structure is at the end of its design life. The research team comprised members of the original STORMLAMP project, including two of the University of Plymouth postdoctoral researchers. This is linked to the new output by Farajzadeh et al (2022) uploaded to this 2024 submission. STORMLAMP underpinned a REF2021 Impact Case Study for the University of Plymouth. The impact as described in the Impact Case Study is as follows: Historic rock lighthouses remain critical to safe navigation around coastlines because GPS is not failsafe. However, these irreplaceable heritage structures are ageing and are potentially under increased loading due to climate change, which is resulting in waves impacting higher up the towers. Raby has led investigations on environmental loading and structural response of lighthouses, and how to model and monitor their behaviour in storms, to ensure long-term survivability. Research has resulted in greater certainty of safety for maintenance teams and a break-through in minimal monitoring. The University of Plymouth (UoP) also used these approaches to investigate the recently-repaired Portreath harbour wall, verifying that the new structure will not fail under the same conditions that caused previous damage. Impact to date takes the form of increased know-how resulting in better-informed working practices for national navigation authorities, with detailed guidelines feeding into international guidelines developed in conjunction with Australian, Asian and South American authorities. |
First Year Of Impact | 2022 |
Sector | Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections,Transport |
Impact Types | Cultural Economic Policy & public services |
Description | Environment Agency |
Organisation | Environment Agency |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | At six-monthly project meetings we shared our findings related to the modelling and monitoring of rock lighthouses, some of which were relevant to more generic coastal defences. |
Collaborator Contribution | Nick Ely of the Environment Agency was able to share very useful insight from his experience of modelling similar structure types. |
Impact | Nothing specific to this partner |
Start Year | 2016 |
Description | UK General Lighthouse Authorities |
Organisation | Trinity House |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
PI Contribution | Worked closely with Trinity House and the two other UK General Lighthouse Authorities (GLAs) (Irish Lights, the Northern Lighthouse Board) to frame the research questions of STORMLAMP, and to ensure that activities would be beneficial to their organisations. |
Collaborator Contribution | Access to their rock lighthouses for modal tests (all three GLAs) and ongoing monitoring (Trinity House and Irish Lights) |
Impact | A summary of the key journal papers has been provided to the UK GLAs. A guidance document summarising the monitoring and modelling approaches has also been written for them. |
Start Year | 2010 |
Description | Appearance of COAST laboratory tests on local news |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | BBC Spotlight, the regional news programme filmed a piece in the University of Plymouth COAST Laboratory, while the 1:40 scale-model of the Wolf Rock lighthouse was being tested in the Ocean Basin. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Appearance on Channel 5's The Secret Life of Lighthouses narrated by Rob Bell |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | October Films visited the University of Plymouth to produce a few scenes for the The Secret Life of Lighthouses narrated by Rob Bell. It was broadcast in 2021 on primetime evening TV (Channel 5). |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020,2021 |
URL | https://beyondrights.tv/programme/the_secret_life_of_lighthouses |
Description | Article in the Royal Academy of Engineering publication Ingenia |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
Results and Impact | Contacted by Ingenia to assist writing an article on why heritage rock lighthouses are still required and how they are affected by storm waves. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://www.ingenia.org.uk/articles/ensuring-engineering-s-endurance/ |
Description | Article published in Seaways magazine |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | We produced an article for the Nautical Institute Seaways magazine (erroneously ascribed to Communications Officer at UCL, though Alison Raby wrote it). It appeared in the April 2019 issue. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
URL | https://www.nautinst.org/resource-library/publications/seaways.html |
Description | Hong Kong lighthouse talk |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Invited to give a talk at the First International Lighthouse Symposium in Hong Kong |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | Invited presentation at the Fresnel 200 celebrations in France - the bicentenary of the first use of Fresnel lenses in lighthouse optics |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | A broad audience from a Nobel Prize physicist, to civil servants working in the marine environment, and members of the public joined the closing meeting of the Lentille de Fresnel, the 200 year anniversary celebrations in Le Verdon sur mer. The audience were very interested to hear how STORMLAMP had used cutting edge modelling techniques to understand the response of rock lighthouses to wave impacts. I met someone from South Korea who is going to invite me to contribute to heritage discussions about Korean lighthouses. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://www.iala-aism.org/content/uploads/2023/07/Fiche_informations_complementaires-VUK-FRESNEL_202... |
Description | Invited presentation entitled: STORMLAMP Guidance on structural condition assessment of rock lighthouses, to Trinity House Engineering and Operations Annual Meeting |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Invited to update this Trinity House committee with the findings of the STORMLAMP project |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Invited presentation entitled: Structural condition assessment of rock lighthouses, to IALA ENG Committee in Paris |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Presentation of the STORMLAMP project findings to the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities ENG Committee |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Lighthouses, Bridges and Breakwaters talk |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | The STORMLAMP project was invited to take part in the Institution of Civil Engineers 200th anniversary celebrations in conjunction with the Plymouth Museum. We gave a talk entitled 'Wave loading on heritage lighthouses in the British Isles' |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | NI evening talk |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Presented the lighthouse research to an audience of the Nautical Institute at an evening meeting |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | On-going blogs posted to the STORMLAMP website |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | On-going blogs posted to the STORMLAMP website have provided a useful shop window for the project. For example, we were recently filmed by a production company working for Channel 5 who were able to find out general information about the project from our blogs which focus on various aspects of the project. The company are producing 3 programmes on lighthouses, and we provided the engineering knowldege. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017,2018,2019,2020 |
URL | https://stormlamp.org.uk/blog |
Description | Trevithick evening talk |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Presented the lighthouse research to an audience of the Trevithick Society at their weekly meeting in Liskeard, Cornwall |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |