Explaining and Sustaining the Decline in Stranger, Acquaintance and Domestic Violence
Lead Research Organisation:
Loughborough University
Department Name: Social Sciences
Abstract
Violent incidents make up nearly a quarter of crimes recorded in the Crime Survey for England and Wales. The effects are not just those of emotional and physical harm to the individual victim but spread much wider in terms of the impact on healthcare, cost to the criminal justice system, lost working hours, and a societal fear of crime. Unlike acquisitive crimes the motive (and therefore appropriate preventive mechanisms) is arguably less apparent. As such, it is important to identify those changes in personal security and routine activities which can be associated with trends in violence. No systematic research studies have been undertaken to assess the protective impact of these factors in relation to acquaintance and stranger violence, examined separately, to date. The research proposed is precisely concerned with such an assessment. The primary research question is:
What is the role of population group- and context- specific changes in personal security and routine activities in explaining the decline in stranger and acquaintance violence?
This study will identify the personal security and routine activities measures that offer effective protection from violence and repeat violence to (a) the population overall; (b) specific population subgroups according to their socio-economic attributes; (c) the residents of different areas; and (d) area types and population subgroups plausible combinations in England and Wales and internationally over time.
The urgency to gain insights about violence prevention cannot be exaggerated: at a time of massive public spending cuts and increasing austerity measures, the cost of violence to the UK economy is estimated at £13 billion annually (National Audit Office 2008).
The proposed research will:
- Make a major scientific contribution with immediate and high societal and economic impact. Its theoretical and methodological advancements will inform future research developments in criminology. The current gap in knowledge impedes violence reduction opportunities not just in the UK but across the world.
- Engage throughout with high level research users in the public sector and civil society organisations and inform national and international guidelines on violence prevention.
- Analyse two decades of formidable existing data sources, the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) and the International Crime Victims Survey (ICVS), both in the public domain, to allow creative and imaginative application and data linking via comparative work. The CSEW is a large and complex dataset with currently some 40,000 respondents annually. The ICVS is a unique comparative crime data partly funded and organised by the Home Office. Yet relative to both data generation cost and their impeccable quality, they have been extremely under-explored.
- Employ innovative research methodology and application in criminology. This includes the Security Impact Assessment Tool and multivariate multilevel logit modelling, pioneered by the co-applicants with ESRC support for assessing the effectiveness of burglary and car security devices and examining the effect of context on the relation between burglary risk and security, respectively; multilevel negative binomial modelling, pioneered by the P-I with American Statistical Association and Home Office support for investigating the effect of context on single and repeat victimisation patterns; and hurdle models which show whether repeat victims differ from others.
- Engage non-academic partners, the national charity Victim Support and the Nottingham Crime and Drugs Partnership, to triangulate findings, access further data, and ensure direct applicability of findings to victims of violent crime.
- Benefit from collaboration with International Co- Investigators.
Therefore the proposed research fits the ESRC-SDAI Phase 2 call specification. The co-applicants' theoretical, methodological and policy contribution to date ensure its successful delivery.
What is the role of population group- and context- specific changes in personal security and routine activities in explaining the decline in stranger and acquaintance violence?
This study will identify the personal security and routine activities measures that offer effective protection from violence and repeat violence to (a) the population overall; (b) specific population subgroups according to their socio-economic attributes; (c) the residents of different areas; and (d) area types and population subgroups plausible combinations in England and Wales and internationally over time.
The urgency to gain insights about violence prevention cannot be exaggerated: at a time of massive public spending cuts and increasing austerity measures, the cost of violence to the UK economy is estimated at £13 billion annually (National Audit Office 2008).
The proposed research will:
- Make a major scientific contribution with immediate and high societal and economic impact. Its theoretical and methodological advancements will inform future research developments in criminology. The current gap in knowledge impedes violence reduction opportunities not just in the UK but across the world.
- Engage throughout with high level research users in the public sector and civil society organisations and inform national and international guidelines on violence prevention.
- Analyse two decades of formidable existing data sources, the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) and the International Crime Victims Survey (ICVS), both in the public domain, to allow creative and imaginative application and data linking via comparative work. The CSEW is a large and complex dataset with currently some 40,000 respondents annually. The ICVS is a unique comparative crime data partly funded and organised by the Home Office. Yet relative to both data generation cost and their impeccable quality, they have been extremely under-explored.
- Employ innovative research methodology and application in criminology. This includes the Security Impact Assessment Tool and multivariate multilevel logit modelling, pioneered by the co-applicants with ESRC support for assessing the effectiveness of burglary and car security devices and examining the effect of context on the relation between burglary risk and security, respectively; multilevel negative binomial modelling, pioneered by the P-I with American Statistical Association and Home Office support for investigating the effect of context on single and repeat victimisation patterns; and hurdle models which show whether repeat victims differ from others.
- Engage non-academic partners, the national charity Victim Support and the Nottingham Crime and Drugs Partnership, to triangulate findings, access further data, and ensure direct applicability of findings to victims of violent crime.
- Benefit from collaboration with International Co- Investigators.
Therefore the proposed research fits the ESRC-SDAI Phase 2 call specification. The co-applicants' theoretical, methodological and policy contribution to date ensure its successful delivery.
Planned Impact
Violent crime has far reaching social and economic costs - to individuals, local communities, and society in general. This research has been designed to inform future policy guidelines in ways that could lead to considerable financial savings and produce direct benefits to the following groups:
- Victims and repeat victims of violent crime, by informing them of how best to reduce their future risks
- All adults, by informing them of effective personal security measures and violence avoidance behavioural adaptations
- Victim Support as a national charity, by improving their evidence base and analysing their data to enable them to provide a more effective and cost efficient service
- Nottingham Crime and Drugs Partnership in particular and Crime Reduction Partnerships in general, working more effectively and efficiently to discharge their responsibilities
- Businesses which are affected either directly or indirectly by violent crimes, by informing them how best to contribute to reduction of risks and thus improve security for their staff and customers, and by enabling victims to return to work sooner, respectively.
- The insurance industry, by enabling them to offer incentives for individuals who actively seek to reduce their risk of violence by taking effective security measures
- The security industry, by enabling them to improve products of personal security and better target them according to clients' socio-economic and area profiles
- Public information by suggesting improvements to the personal security questions of the Crime Prevention Module of the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) and the International Crime Victims Survey and to the routine activities questions of both surveys; and
- Public policy by informing on violence reduction in private and public spheres
In an indirect way the proposed research will also benefit:
- The police, by reducing workloads (and thus costs) through reduced violent crimes and by enabling more informed advice to be given to victims and the wider community
- The NHS, by reducing the pressure from violent crime on accident and emergency services
- The society at large, by reducing violence and its impact;
- The economy, via increased productivity (reducing work days lost as a result of violence)
Public engagement for the duration of the proposed research has been planned to maximise its impact to all research users groups (see Pathways to Impact). In addition the Project Partners will be actively involved in the development and dissemination of the research throughout its duration via their in-kind support in data provision, research planning, interpretation of findings with respect to their policy implications and writing up draft policy outputs (see Letters of Support, Pathways to Impact, Case for Support and Project Partners).
As seen in their respective CVs members of the research team already enjoy close contacts with and serve in bodies responsible for crime measurement and prevention. They are thus accustomed to communicating findings to non-specialists in ways that draw out their policy and practice significance. Past work has already had a substantial impact. Farrell's work on repeat victimisation has found its way into routine policy and practice. Grove's recent work on heritage crime has received substantial media coverage. Tseloni's work has played a pivotal part in official reports of crime statistics and patterns. Tilley wrote the original guidance for analysis for the Crime and Disorder Act (Hough and Tilley 1998) and his work on problem-oriented policing and partnership has had a substantial impact on the work of local police services and partnerships. The findings of the team's past ESRC-funded work (ES/F015186/1) have received substantial media coverage and informed Home Office publications on crime trends. Their current ESRC- funded work (ES/K003771/1) is presently informing burglary target hardening policy interventions in Nottingham.
- Victims and repeat victims of violent crime, by informing them of how best to reduce their future risks
- All adults, by informing them of effective personal security measures and violence avoidance behavioural adaptations
- Victim Support as a national charity, by improving their evidence base and analysing their data to enable them to provide a more effective and cost efficient service
- Nottingham Crime and Drugs Partnership in particular and Crime Reduction Partnerships in general, working more effectively and efficiently to discharge their responsibilities
- Businesses which are affected either directly or indirectly by violent crimes, by informing them how best to contribute to reduction of risks and thus improve security for their staff and customers, and by enabling victims to return to work sooner, respectively.
- The insurance industry, by enabling them to offer incentives for individuals who actively seek to reduce their risk of violence by taking effective security measures
- The security industry, by enabling them to improve products of personal security and better target them according to clients' socio-economic and area profiles
- Public information by suggesting improvements to the personal security questions of the Crime Prevention Module of the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) and the International Crime Victims Survey and to the routine activities questions of both surveys; and
- Public policy by informing on violence reduction in private and public spheres
In an indirect way the proposed research will also benefit:
- The police, by reducing workloads (and thus costs) through reduced violent crimes and by enabling more informed advice to be given to victims and the wider community
- The NHS, by reducing the pressure from violent crime on accident and emergency services
- The society at large, by reducing violence and its impact;
- The economy, via increased productivity (reducing work days lost as a result of violence)
Public engagement for the duration of the proposed research has been planned to maximise its impact to all research users groups (see Pathways to Impact). In addition the Project Partners will be actively involved in the development and dissemination of the research throughout its duration via their in-kind support in data provision, research planning, interpretation of findings with respect to their policy implications and writing up draft policy outputs (see Letters of Support, Pathways to Impact, Case for Support and Project Partners).
As seen in their respective CVs members of the research team already enjoy close contacts with and serve in bodies responsible for crime measurement and prevention. They are thus accustomed to communicating findings to non-specialists in ways that draw out their policy and practice significance. Past work has already had a substantial impact. Farrell's work on repeat victimisation has found its way into routine policy and practice. Grove's recent work on heritage crime has received substantial media coverage. Tseloni's work has played a pivotal part in official reports of crime statistics and patterns. Tilley wrote the original guidance for analysis for the Crime and Disorder Act (Hough and Tilley 1998) and his work on problem-oriented policing and partnership has had a substantial impact on the work of local police services and partnerships. The findings of the team's past ESRC-funded work (ES/F015186/1) have received substantial media coverage and informed Home Office publications on crime trends. Their current ESRC- funded work (ES/K003771/1) is presently informing burglary target hardening policy interventions in Nottingham.
Publications
Tseloni, A.
(2018)
The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Criminology
Tiwana N
(2015)
Police performance measurement: an annotated bibliography
in Crime Science
Tilley N
(2015)
Do burglar alarms increase burglary risk? A counter-intuitive finding and possible explanations
in Crime Prevention and Community Safety
Tilley N
(2015)
The Criminal Act
Sidebottom A
(2018)
The East Asian crime drop?
in Crime science
Hunter J
(2016)
Equity, justice and the crime drop: the case of burglary in England and Wales
in Crime Science
Hodgkinson T
(2016)
The decline and locational shift of automotive theft: A local level analysis
in Journal of Criminal Justice
Hodgkinson T
(2015)
Student Academic Dishonesty: The Potential for Situational Prevention
in Journal of Criminal Justice Education
Description | The first part of the research undertaken at Loughborough University examined the relevant literature; prepared for analysis eighteen Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) data sets; and analysed both unweighted and weighted data from the four most recent at the time of analysis sweeps: 2010/11-2013/14. The study generated significant new knowledge on short trends of violence victimisation by strangers and by acquaintances (defined as just to speak to casually; just by sight, neighbour, workmate; work colleague, client; members of public contacted through work, friend; and acquaintance, local children) and individuals' routine activities in England and Wales. Stranger and acquaintance violence trends were further differentiated between those with and without wounding, against males and females and across age groups for the above period. This study found that both stranger and acquaintance violence fell between 2010/11 and 2013/14. The two violence types were very similar with regards to annual number of crimes, victimisation risk (although that by strangers slightly exceeded risk by acquaintances) and over-time changes from 2010/11 to 2013/14. Violence without wounding and / or against young people 16-24 years old is most common for both crime types. Although most victims of acquaintance and stranger violence are men, the differences between the two sexes tends to diminish over time, especially with regards to acquaintance violence. The most common precautionary behaviours include (a) using only licensed cabs, (b) avoiding walking through certain areas or types of places and (b) keeping property out of sight. However, with the exception of the above, there was no marked increase in the proportion of people who adopted precautionary behaviours during the 2011-2014 violence fall. The situational characteristics of acquaintance and stranger violence have remained stable over-time: Most violence by strangers is perpetrated when dark outside, in and around pub or outside home and under the influence of alcohol but roughly equal proportion of victims being alone are attacked by strangers or acquaintances. The findings opened up new research questions: What are the longer term trends? What is the effect of data weighting and/or Home Office and subsequently ONS procedures of incident truncation on stranger and acquaintance violence trends? Was the fall in violence crime rate due to fewer victims or less crimes per victim (and repeat victimisation)? How routine activities may have influenced long term violence falls? New research networks were formed with researchers from the University of Lancaster who examine domestic violence trends. The methodology for calculating Security Protection Factors (SPFs) for routine activities to gauge their effectiveness in avoiding violence was explored. After assessing the extent to which SPFs are meaningful in the context of human behaviour (rather than security devices) and/or whether a CSEW-based calculation is feasible over time the team concluded that this methodology cannot be applied to routine activities. Therefore this research path was closed off. Finally new research skills and capability were developed from familiarising the hired Research Staff with the UK Data Service archives and procedures, and training her to analyse multiple large and challenging data sets. |
Exploitation Route | Together with results from the second part of the project undertaken at Nottingham Trend University the findings can be taken forward via: • 'Nudging' and raising awareness initiatives undertaken by: Core City Chief Executives and their Crime Reduction and Community Safety Partnerships, Police and Crime Commissioners, Local Authorities (LAs) or Councils, Police Forces, Victim Support, National Police Chief Council (NPCC) Violence Lead, the Home Office, Department for Education (DfE), Drinkaware and other charities working to reduce alcohol and drugs problems, the NHS, drugs and alcohol - related counselling services, and solicitors or other services advising on divorce procedures; • National policy guidelines, regulations and levies for 'secure licensed premises' provided by the Departments for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) and Business Innovation and Skills (BIS) as well as LAs; • National guidelines, incentives and regulations for responsible licensed premises owners accreditation provided by the DCLG, BIS and LAs; • National guidelines, incentives and regulations for responsible licensed premises managers and staff accreditation provided by the Department for Work and Pensions and LAs; • Insurance industry financial incentives for licensed premises' owners and landlords to have in place effective violence avoidance policies and staff training; • Improving the Crime Survey for England and Wales questionnaire and data. |
Sectors | Communities and Social Services/Policy Healthcare Government Democracy and Justice Security and Diplomacy |
URL | http://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/news/2015/stranger-acquaintance-violence.html |
Description | The research interim findings were disseminated to crime prevention practitioners at both national and local levels via their participation in the project's Advisory Committee (AC) which held workshops at regular intervals. The public and voluntary sector organisations which contributed to the project via the AC included the following: • Life-skills Education, C.I.C. (a voluntary organisation delivering programmes enhancing young people's resilience in problem solving and communication skills); • The Home Office, the Crime Statistics and Violence and Early Offending Units; • Nottingham Crime and Drugs Partnership (NCDP); and • Office for National Statistics, who received feedback on BCS/CSEW questionnaire design improvements for gauging additional information on security, guardianship and violence victimisation nationally. Victim Support for Derbyshire, Leicestershire and Rutland, which was committed to the project at the time of application for funding, however was not part of the project in the end because it had ceased to exist. In addition to the Advisory Committee of Stakeholders and Experts (see above) the project team employed the following collaborative and engagement mechanisms: • Briefing Notes, Summary Reports and Press Releases; • Twitter account (@project_vio) and project's dedicated website for continuous postings/opinion exchanges; • Radio/TV interviews, newspaper postings, articles in practitioners newsletters and magazines; and • Presenting findings in (non-academic) practitioners/policy national and international conferences. Details can be found in the Portfolio of outcomes section on Researchfish. The research has the potential to increase the effectiveness of public services and policy via cost-effective crime prevention, enhance quality of life via crime and fear of crime reduction, and contributed to improving the economic competitiveness of the United Kingdom via promoting safe night-time economy activities. For a full list of the project's AC membership and other Outcomes and information please see the project's website: http://www4.ntu.ac.uk/apps/research/groups/4/home.aspx/group/178996/publications#overview |
First Year Of Impact | 2015 |
Sector | Communities and Social Services/Policy |
Impact Types | Societal |
Description | Chair of the Home Affairs Select Committee questioned the Home Office on their use of violence statistics |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
URL | https://committees.parliament.uk/oralevidence/14180/html/ |
Description | Discussion of the project 's theoretical base in Australian Government Report |
Geographic Reach | Australia |
Policy Influence Type | Citation in other policy documents |
Impact | The security hypothesis for the crime drop proposed and tested by the project' s team in an earlier ESRC research (for car crime) and the current ones (for burglary and violence) and has been confirmed by offenders interviews in Australia. |
URL | http://aic.gov.au/publications/current%20series/tandi/481-500/tandi495.html |
Description | Discussion of the project 's theoretical base in a Home Office Discussion paper |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Citation in other policy documents |
Impact | The Home Office has included opportunity and security as a driver for crime and recognised that the crime falls are the impact of better and more widespread security adopted by the public rather than specific policies. |
URL | https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/398865/Opportunity_securit... |
Description | Discussion with Behavioural Crime Prevention Lead, Neighbourhood Crime Unit, Public Safety Group, Home Office |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Contribution to new or Improved professional practice |
Description | Global Strategies to Reduce Violence by 50% in 30 Years Conference |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
URL | http://www.vrc.crim.cam.ac.uk/VRCconferences/conference/violencereductionreport |
Description | Head of Business Development, Crimestoppers Trust crime prevention advice |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Contribution to new or Improved professional practice |
Description | Home Office National Crime and Justice Lab (NCJL) |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Contribution to new or improved professional practice |
URL | https://www.ukri.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/UKRI-160223-Funding-Opp-PolicyFellowships2023-HomeOf... |
Description | Home Office conference presentation and conference published summary |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
URL | https://www.gov.uk/government/news/international-crime-and-policing-conference-2015 |
Description | Influenced discussion of Crime & Safety Partnership |
Geographic Reach | Local/Municipal/Regional |
Policy Influence Type | Membership of a guideline committee |
Impact | Response to the Nottingham Crime and Drugs Partnership: Strategic Assessment 2017 draft & Partnership Plan which offered a more focussed depiction of crime issues in the city. A well- defined identification of a problem is the first step in solving it. 22 Nov. |
Description | membership of the Nottingham Crime and Drugs Partnership and their Domestic Violence and Sexual Offences Data Groups |
Geographic Reach | Local/Municipal/Regional |
Policy Influence Type | Membership of a guideline committee |
Description | East Midlands Police Academic Collaboration |
Amount | £862,620 (GBP) |
Organisation | College of Policing |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2016 |
End | 10/2017 |
Description | Evaluation |
Amount | £7,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | Life skills Education |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2015 |
End | 06/2016 |
Description | Evaluation Scheme |
Amount | £20,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | The Drinkaware Trust |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 06/2017 |
End | 11/2017 |
Description | Evaluation scheme |
Amount | £31,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | The Drinkaware Trust |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 11/2016 |
End | 06/2017 |
Description | Nottingham Trent University ADR UK Data First Phase 2 |
Amount | £125,592 (GBP) |
Funding ID | ES/Y002806/1 |
Organisation | Economic and Social Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 04/2023 |
End | 07/2024 |
Description | Secondary Data Analysis Initiative |
Amount | £152,656 (GBP) |
Funding ID | ES/K003771/1 |
Organisation | Economic and Social Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 02/2009 |
End | 08/2012 |
Description | Secondary Data Analysis Initiative |
Amount | £191,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | ES/P001556/1 |
Organisation | Economic and Social Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 04/2017 |
End | 10/2018 |
Description | Secondary Data Analysis Initiative Phase 4 |
Amount | £189,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | ES/P001556/1 |
Organisation | Economic and Social Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 06/2017 |
End | 01/2019 |
Description | Weapon-Enabled Violence |
Amount | £14,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | Nottinghamshire Office of the Police and Crime Commissioner |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2019 |
End | 07/2019 |
Title | Contextualised Security Impact Assessment Tool |
Description | This is a new methodology developed in this research for testing the effectiveness of security across population groups and areas based on SIAT analysis of Bivariate Multilevel Logit Modelling (BMLM), parameter estimates. BMLM is also an innovative within criminology advanced statistical methodology introduced by the PI in her past research, testing here the relationship between security and burglary. The CSIAT, the methodology developed during this project, entails calculating the SPF's of security combinations based on the population group- and area- specific burglary and security odds ratios which are estimated via BMLM. Thus the population groups and contexts for which lack of security is associated with the highest burglary risk can be identified. In other words, the CSIAT reveals the population groups and areas which would benefit most from home security improvements. |
Type Of Material | Data analysis technique |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | Policy makers and practitioners have been informed of the regressive nature of the burglary drop whereby vulnerable socio-economic population groups experienced less burglary reductions than nationally. |
Description | Chair of the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Secure Research Service (SRS) Advisory Group and Member of the ONS SRS Impact Working Group |
Organisation | Office for National Statistics |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Private |
PI Contribution | The Office for National Statistics (ONS) Secure Research Service (SRS) recently established an Advisory Group as well as an Impact Working Group that would work closely with SRS staff and act as a critical friend, offering insight on use of the data and service, challenges, ideas and solutions to help build a strong and collaborative research community. |
Collaborator Contribution | Data First datasets are accessible to accredited researchers via the ONS SRS. Therefore, as Data First Academic Lead (and also ONS Research Excellence Award Winner 2019) I have been invited to Chair the Advisory Group and work with ONS SRS for the above aims. ONS SRS, as a Data First partner, contributes to setting up the data access processes and service whilst Data First datasets-based research contributes to ONS impact. |
Impact | None to date except the Data First research fellowships |
Start Year | 2020 |
Description | EMPAC Local and Community Policing Network |
Organisation | University of Northampton |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | EMPAC is comprised of police forces, Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs) and universities in the region and has an established governance framework. We have advised on burglary prevention good practice the police forces within the collaboration. Further we lead research on Local and Community Policing Network on 'Managing anti-social behaviour risk: helping identify individuals and areas most likely to experience ASB', 'Community Engagement Toolkit' and other projects. |
Collaborator Contribution | EMPAC is comprised of police forces, Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs) and universities in the region and has an established governance framework. |
Impact | A list of conference presentations and research reports on: Police engagement with local communities Aims: Development and testing of a tool which enables police forces to target their engagement approaches most effectively, across socio-demographics, particularly rural areas and for children and young people. Improving efficient practice in neighbourhood policing, public confidence, reporting crime. Police engagement with local communities project page Anti-Social Behaviour risk and management Aims: Development and testing of a tool to identify those at risk of further victimisation, for example violence, based on individual profile, context and circumstance. Implementing targeted resources to reduce repeat victimisation, policy development across police and partners Anti-Social Behaviour risk and management project page Cyber beat: policing cyber space Nottingham Trent University will be responsible for independently evaluating the Cyber Beat pilot. Evaluation criteria include changes in demand, efficiency savings and changes in public confidence. Braunstone Blues impact evaluation Leicestershire Police, Leicestershire Fire and Rescue Service and East Midlands Ambulance Service (EMAS) are collaborating in a project to reduce demand for all three emergency services from repeat service users in the Braunstone area of Leicester. The evaluation includes assessing the impact of deploying an EMAS paramedic to three care homes in the area. |
Start Year | 2015 |
Description | Advice to BBC statistical editor regarding violence statistics |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Advice to Robert Cuffe, BBC Head of Statistics, on Crime Survey for England and Wales violence estimates (telephone and email communication) 14-17 Nov. 2023, 18 and 23 Jan. 2024 |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-68070671 |
Description | Andromachi Tseloni on crime victimisation surveys and a new data linking project with the Ministry of Justice, UK |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | The Centre for the Study of Global Human Movement, University of Cambridge blog by Ashley Mehra aimed to increase awareness and invite interest in the Data First programme. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://www.humanmovement.cam.ac.uk/blog/andromachi-tseloni-crime-victimisation-surveys-and-new-data... |
Description | BBC Radio 4 "More or less" interview |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Interviewed by Tim Halford for BBC Radio 4 "More or Less" programme on Wednesday 31 January at 9am 2024 "For how long has crime been falling?" . Initial communication and the interview took place 26 and 29 January. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
URL | https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m001vsp3 |
Description | British Society of Criminology Midlands Regional Network Seminar |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Organised seminar on the Crime Drop (presenters Nick Tilley , UCL, Sylvia Walby, Lancaster University, and Stephen Farrall, University of Sheffield) took place at Loughborough University 4th March 2025. Nick Tilley presented the findings of the project to a mixed audience of policy makers, police officers and academics. Discussions for collaborations between the research groups. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
Description | Conversation entry |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | The Conversation UK. Fact Check: do the police spend over a million hours a year fighting cannabis? 24 May. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | http://theconversation.com/fact-check-do-the-police-spend-over-a-million-hours-a-year-fighting-canna... |
Description | Data user discussion panel member |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Discussant- Data user panel member in the session 'How will we measure crime in ten years' time?' Crime Surveys Users Meeting, Royal Statistical Society, London. 8 Dec. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/news-and-events/eventsitem/?id=5174 |
Description | Discussion on improving Crime Statistics |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Organiser /participant meeting of Quantitative and Spatial Criminology team with Crime Statistics Lead, Office for Statistics Regulation. 27 Feb. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | End of project conference: 'Explaining and Sustaining the Decline in Stranger and Acquaintance Violence' |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Presented and discussed research finding at the end of project conference including discussions on practical implications and approaches to violence prevention with approx. 70 participants (mixture of academics, policy makers and practitioners). 29 June 2016. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
URL | https://www.ntu.ac.uk/research/groups-and-centres/projects/violence-trends |
Description | First University of Maryland (UMD) National Crime Victimization Research (NCVS) Forum |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Online workshop on NCVS where I talked over Data First and administrative justice data |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://ccjs.umd.edu/event/umd-national-crime-victimization-survey-%28ncvs%29-research-forum |
Description | Home Office presentation |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | R. Thompson discussed findings from the burglary project with approx. 20 Home Office researchers (mixture of statisticians, researchers and policy makers). |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Interview |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | "New crime figures in dock: Criminologist questions police recording showing surge in crime." By Ciara Leeming. Big Issue North. 05-11 Feb 2018, pp. 6-7. Interviewed 30.1.2018. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
URL | https://www.bigissuenorth.com/news/2018/02/new-crime-figures-dock/ |
Description | Membership, Nottingham Young Victims as Offenders Reference Group |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Nottingham Young Victims as Offenders Reference Group, Nottinghamshire OPCC, - first meeting 24 Jan. and since then ongoing virtual discussions |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | More or less BBC Radio 4 interview |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | Interviewed by Tim Halford for BBC Radio 4 "More or Less" programme on Wednesday 9 February at 9am and repeated on Friday 11 February at 4.30pm and Sunday 13 February at 8pm "The prime minister in statistical bother." Initial communication and the interview took place 4 Feb. Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m00146b6. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m00146b6 |
Description | NESTA's Roundtable on Crime, as part of Nesta's new policy project, UK Options 2040 UK |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | NESTA's Roundtable on Crime, as part of Nesta's new policy project, UK Options 2040 UK - Options 2040 is looking at policy options the next government could pursue that would improve outcomes by 2040, and the trade-offs inherent to these. 1-4pm 1 Feb. NESTA's offices, 58 Victoria embankment, London. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
Description | Presentation at policing forum: Evidence-Based Policing - Research Showcase |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Information sparked questions and police officers discussed and asked questions about the findings and required to be updated on this and the following project on violence A mailing list of the participating HPDS police officers who were very interested on the findings and required to be updated on this and the following project on violence. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
Description | Provided to a Select Committee of the House of Parliament |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | House of Commons Oral Evidence taken before the Home Affairs Committee on 'Policing for the future: changing demands and new challenges'. Portcullis House. 28 Mar. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | SDAI Presentation: 'Keep Burglars in the Dark - Choose Safe Venues and Companions for Drinking & Dancing' |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | SDAI Presentation: 'Keep Burglars in the Dark - Choose Safe Venues and Companions for Drinking & Dancing' on Impacts from Phase 1: 'Burglary & Security' & Phase 2: 'Stranger and Acquaintance Violence', ESRC - funded projects. ESRC Secondary Data Analysis Initiative (SDAI), Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors (RICS), London. 29 February. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Stakeholders Advisory Committee (AC) Workshops |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Stakeholder participation at each phase of research has been secured via AC workshops, which have be convened in the second half of each phase. In particular the AC met twice during the Loughborough University- based 7 month period of the project (25/3/2015 & 3/6/2015) to discuss and suggest improvements for existing results as well as contribute to the direction of the remaining analyses and ways to maximise their policy relevance and publicity. These meetings were attended by some members of the research team. Our Advisory Committee includes representatives from: - Nottinghamshire Police - Office for National Statistics - Home Office - Nottingham Crime and Drugs Partnership - Victim Support. The last dropped from the AC. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
URL | http://www.ntu.ac.uk/apps/research/groups/4/home.aspx/group/178996/publications#working_with_us |
Description | Tweeter account |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Updates on the project's activity @project_vio |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015,2016 |
URL | http://www.ntu.ac.uk/apps/research/groups/4/home.aspx/group/178996/publications#overview |
Description | UK Statistics Authority meeting on CSEW uses and improvements |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Discussing with representatives of the the UKSA the uses and potential improvements of the Crime Survey for England and Wales (13.1.2016) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | findings' dissemination at the EMPAC Fellowship Event |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | EMPAC Leads, 20 police officers and Derbyshire PCC received print information on the research findings. See also EMPAC -related further funding. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | findings' dissemination to Nottingham Civic Exchange Inclusive and safe places workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Nottingham Civic Exchange Inclusive and safe places workshop, Nottingham Contemporary |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | findings' dissemination to police officers |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Discussed burglary and security project findings and Nottingham pilot as well as violence trends project findings at 2 EMPAC workshops to front-line police officers. See also EMPAC further funding entry |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | findings' dissemination to policymakers |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | N Tilley- Title of address - 'Using Crime, victimisation and justice statistics to understand the global crime drop and its implications for crime prevention policy.' Keynote address at the Third International Conference on Governance, Crime and Justice Statistics, in Merida, Mexico, organised by UNODC (United National Office on Drugs and Crime) and INEGI (Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia). The intention is to improve the conduct and analysis of large victimisation surveys and other statistical sources better to inform crime prevention strategies |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
URL | http://www.gsj.inegi.org.mx/programme.html |
Description | provided commentary for a scientific newsletter |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | Interview to Nala Rogers for her article 'Why Seemingly Scary Cities Might Be Safer Than You Think: Mathematical model shows how fear of crime can spread even when risk is low' in Inside Science American Institute of Physics. (interviewed 10 July, published) 12 July 2017. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://www.insidescience.org/news/why-seemingly-scary-cities-might-be-safer-you-think |
Description | radio commentary |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | BBC Radio Nottingham: Interviewed by Verity Cowley re the ONS and BBC crime risk calculator 7 Sept. 2017. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p05cxq8s#playt=1h21m40s |
Description | research findings dissemination to police officers |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Discussed research with the High Potential Development cohort of police officers at the College of Policing and provided officers with takeaway materials. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | response to City Council Consultation for application to the DHLG |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Written Response to the Nottingham City Council Selective Licensing Consultation 24 Mar. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://www.nottinghamcity.gov.uk/housing/private-sector-housing/selective-licensing/ |
Description | results dissemination |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Talk to front-line officers, PCC offices' staff, EMPAC Leads and College of Policing staff about burglary project and pilot and briefly violence project findings at the Society of Evidenced Based Policing (SEBP) annual conference, Northampton, 2-3 March. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | http://www.sebp.police.uk/events |
Description | written evidence to ONS comsultation |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Written responses to the ONS Consultation "Changes to the Crime Survey for England and Wales" as member of the British Society of Criminology Executive Committee (21 July 2017) and the Quantitative and Spatial Criminology Research Group at NTU (23 July 2017). |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |