How will the obesity epidemic influence healthy ageing? The potential for health behaviours to alleviate the obesity burden across generations
Lead Research Organisation:
University College London
Department Name: MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing
Abstract
AE1: Obesity and Healthy ageing AE2: Key determinants of health including genetic variants AE3: Life course epidemiology AE4: Statistical analysis
Technical Summary
Aim: Global population trends in obesity and ageing raise challenges for health and society. To address the potential of health behaviours to alleviate the obesity-related health burden, I aim to determine influences on health behaviours and adiposity, their interrelations and relationship to components of healthy ageing (physical and cognitive capability) across generations.
Objectives: To establish (within and across generations) associations between: (1) early life factors and health behaviours, (2) time-varying behaviour and adiposity trajectories, (3) time-varying behaviours and components of healthy ageing; and to establish whether: (4) relationships between obesity trajectories and healthy ageing components are modified by time-varying behaviours, and (5) the influence of genetic variants on weight gain is modified by time-varying behaviours.
Methods: The 1946, 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts will be used. Prospective data include adiposity measures from early life onwards, health behaviours during adulthood and measures of healthy ageing. For each objective, within cohort analyses will be conducted; in cross-cohort analyses, comparability of measures will be considered. Relevant statistical methods (e.g. structural equation modelling, multilevel models, marginal structural models, g-estimation of structural nested models) will be used. Causal inference methods and sensitivity analysis will be applied to explore conclusion robustness to assumption violations.
Scientific opportunities: The project will shed light on the influence of obesity trends on healthy ageing across generations, quantify the likely impact of intervening on behaviours at different life stages and contribute to the design of trials to reduce consequences of obesity and that promote uptake and maintenance of healthy behaviours. It will advance knowledge of healthy ageing by deepening our aetiological understanding of ageing processes and how these processes have changed over time.
Objectives: To establish (within and across generations) associations between: (1) early life factors and health behaviours, (2) time-varying behaviour and adiposity trajectories, (3) time-varying behaviours and components of healthy ageing; and to establish whether: (4) relationships between obesity trajectories and healthy ageing components are modified by time-varying behaviours, and (5) the influence of genetic variants on weight gain is modified by time-varying behaviours.
Methods: The 1946, 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts will be used. Prospective data include adiposity measures from early life onwards, health behaviours during adulthood and measures of healthy ageing. For each objective, within cohort analyses will be conducted; in cross-cohort analyses, comparability of measures will be considered. Relevant statistical methods (e.g. structural equation modelling, multilevel models, marginal structural models, g-estimation of structural nested models) will be used. Causal inference methods and sensitivity analysis will be applied to explore conclusion robustness to assumption violations.
Scientific opportunities: The project will shed light on the influence of obesity trends on healthy ageing across generations, quantify the likely impact of intervening on behaviours at different life stages and contribute to the design of trials to reduce consequences of obesity and that promote uptake and maintenance of healthy behaviours. It will advance knowledge of healthy ageing by deepening our aetiological understanding of ageing processes and how these processes have changed over time.
Planned Impact
Findings from this project have the potential to contribute to the nation's health with relevance for both younger and older generations who will benefit from improved interventions to lessen the detrimental effects of obesity as generation's age. In addition to scientists working in closely-related fields, I anticipate that the following groups will benefit from my research:
- Academics and health care practitioners who design, evaluate or implement interventions designed to promote the uptake and maintenance of healthy behaviours. My findings will identify potential early life intervention targets and quantify the potential effects of interventions targeted at different behaviours and at different ages. Findings will therefore feed in to intervention design in the medium term.
- Research staff employed on the project and PhD students will benefit in the short to medium term. The work will build capacity for data analysis, critical examination, evidence synthesis and communication skills, all of which are highly relevant in both academic and non-academic settings. The project will facilitate the transmission of experience on longitudinal research and contribute to early career development.
- Organisers and funders of cohort studies would benefit in the medium term (i.e. during the duration of the award). By producing topical and policy relevant research, I will be highlighting the importance of investing in national birth cohorts and demonstrating the value of comparisons across them.
- Charities (e.g. Age UK and HOOP (Helping Overcome Obesity Problems)) and other non-government agencies with interests in ageing or obesity who work to raise awareness and alleviate the impact of ageing or obesity. Such organisations can use my research evidence on the impact that obesity will have in current and future generations on different components of healthy ageing to lobby for policy change.
- Policy makers involved in development and implementation of national and local policies, rely on evidence accumulation to inform policy and debate aiming to improve the health of the nation. The project will contribute to the UK evidence base on how obesity influences components of health ageing across generations and what behaviours one might adopt to alleviate the burden.
(Timings for benefits are difficult to predict for charities and policy makers given fluctuations in national and local agendas, with uptake of evidence possibly extending over a long period. However, given that both ageing populations and obesity are of current public health importance and given population trends, likely to remain a focus of importance, I envisage that the research findings will be both timely and necessary.)
- The general public, including study participants. In the short term, awareness raising activities, by myself (e.g. via press releases and participation in MRC open days) and in particular of non-governmental agencies, impacts on the general public. I anticipate that there will also be benefits to cohort members who will see their ongoing commitment to study participation as worthwhile.
- National and international bodies responsible for health care guideline development. In the longer term, the results of intervention trials, to which my results have contributed to the design, will form part of guidelines for the reduction of the health consequences of obesity and promotion of the uptake and maintenance of healthy behaviours.
- Academics and health care practitioners who design, evaluate or implement interventions designed to promote the uptake and maintenance of healthy behaviours. My findings will identify potential early life intervention targets and quantify the potential effects of interventions targeted at different behaviours and at different ages. Findings will therefore feed in to intervention design in the medium term.
- Research staff employed on the project and PhD students will benefit in the short to medium term. The work will build capacity for data analysis, critical examination, evidence synthesis and communication skills, all of which are highly relevant in both academic and non-academic settings. The project will facilitate the transmission of experience on longitudinal research and contribute to early career development.
- Organisers and funders of cohort studies would benefit in the medium term (i.e. during the duration of the award). By producing topical and policy relevant research, I will be highlighting the importance of investing in national birth cohorts and demonstrating the value of comparisons across them.
- Charities (e.g. Age UK and HOOP (Helping Overcome Obesity Problems)) and other non-government agencies with interests in ageing or obesity who work to raise awareness and alleviate the impact of ageing or obesity. Such organisations can use my research evidence on the impact that obesity will have in current and future generations on different components of healthy ageing to lobby for policy change.
- Policy makers involved in development and implementation of national and local policies, rely on evidence accumulation to inform policy and debate aiming to improve the health of the nation. The project will contribute to the UK evidence base on how obesity influences components of health ageing across generations and what behaviours one might adopt to alleviate the burden.
(Timings for benefits are difficult to predict for charities and policy makers given fluctuations in national and local agendas, with uptake of evidence possibly extending over a long period. However, given that both ageing populations and obesity are of current public health importance and given population trends, likely to remain a focus of importance, I envisage that the research findings will be both timely and necessary.)
- The general public, including study participants. In the short term, awareness raising activities, by myself (e.g. via press releases and participation in MRC open days) and in particular of non-governmental agencies, impacts on the general public. I anticipate that there will also be benefits to cohort members who will see their ongoing commitment to study participation as worthwhile.
- National and international bodies responsible for health care guideline development. In the longer term, the results of intervention trials, to which my results have contributed to the design, will form part of guidelines for the reduction of the health consequences of obesity and promotion of the uptake and maintenance of healthy behaviours.
People |
ORCID iD |
Snehal Maureen Pinto Pereira (Principal Investigator / Fellow) |
Publications
Ahmed A
(2023)
Stroke risk in older British men: Comparing performance of stroke-specific and composite-CVD risk prediction tools.
in Preventive medicine reports
Archer G
(2017)
Child maltreatment as a predictor of adult physical functioning in a prospective British birth cohort.
in BMJ open
Arias-De La Torre J
(2021)
Depressive symptoms during early adulthood and the development of physical multimorbidity in the UK: an observational cohort study.
in The lancet. Healthy longevity
Bertran M
(2022)
The relationship between Post COVID symptoms in young people and their parents.
in The Journal of infection
Blodgett J
(2022)
Prenatal and postnatal correlates of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in midlife: evidence from the 1970 British Cohort Study
in Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
Blodgett JM
(2023)
Does moderate to vigorous physical activity mediate the association between depression and physical function in midlife: Evidence from two British birth cohort studies.
in Journal of affective disorders
Blodgett JM
(2022)
Stability of Balance Performance From Childhood to Midlife.
in Pediatrics
Campbell M
(2019)
Understanding social inequalities in children being bullied: UK Millennium Cohort Study findings.
in PloS one
Description | Mentoring of early career researchers |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Impact | I have mentored several early career researchers who have applied and (some have) been successful in securing their own fellowships/funding. |
Description | Submitted evidence to the UK Government Prevention in Health and Social Care inquiry |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
URL | https://committees.parliament.uk/work/7205/prevention-in-health-and-social-care/ |
Description | Supervision of MSc and PhD students and junior researchers |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Impact | By training students and junior researchers in epidemiology (both with respect to substantive topics and transferable statistical/analytic skills), I have built capacity in my field. |
Description | Collaboration for Research, Training and Implementation in Critical Care in Asia and Africa (CCAA) |
Amount | £8,013,404 (GBP) |
Funding ID | 224048/Z/21/Z |
Organisation | Wellcome Trust |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 01/2023 |
End | 12/2025 |
Description | Non-hospitalised Children & young people (CYP) with Long Covid (The CLoCk Study) |
Amount | £1,360,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | MC_PC_20052 |
Organisation | Medical Research Council (MRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 02/2021 |
End | 02/2024 |
Description | PI on Public Health Research Consortium funded project |
Amount | £74,998 (GBP) |
Organisation | Department of Health (DH) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2017 |
End | 03/2019 |
Description | Patient Safety Research Collaborations (PSRCs) |
Amount | £3,029,075 (GBP) |
Organisation | National Institute for Health Research |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2023 |
End | 03/2028 |
Description | Postoperative recovery trajectories |
Amount | £65,959 (GBP) |
Organisation | National Institute of Academic Anaesthesia |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 12/2022 |
End | 12/2023 |
Description | Research Network on Later-Life Interventions to Reverse Effects of Early Life Adversity |
Amount | £194,150 (GBP) |
Funding ID | ES/M00919X/1 |
Organisation | Economic and Social Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2014 |
End | 09/2019 |
Description | UCL Grand Challenges Transitioning to strength: investigating barriers and enablers to resistance training at the transition to retirement |
Amount | £3,532 (GBP) |
Organisation | University College London |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 11/2021 |
End | 12/2022 |
Description | Understanding causes and consequences of variation in body composition, cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness |
Amount | £1,786,328 (GBP) |
Funding ID | MR/Y009398/1 |
Organisation | Medical Research Council (MRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2024 |
End | 03/2029 |
Description | co-I on CLOSER innovation fund awarded grant |
Amount | £156,961 (GBP) |
Organisation | Cohort & Longitudinal Studies Enhancement Resources |
Sector | Learned Society |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2018 |
End | 09/2019 |
Description | A conference presentation at the International Sarcopenia Translation Research Conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Presentation of research findings at academic conference |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | A conference presentation at the International Society for Psychoneuroendocrinology, Italy |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | The intended purpose of the poster presentation was to describe work undertaken on adverse childhood experiences and adult inflammation. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | A conference presentation at the National Conference on Public Health Science, London |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | The intended purpose of the poster presentation was describe work undertaken on premature mortality in adult survivors of child abuse and neglect. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | A conference presentation at the Public Health Science Conference, Northern Ireland |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | The intended purpose of the poster presentation was to describe work undertaken on birthweight, lifetime body-mass index, and physical function in mid-adulthood. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | A conference presentation at the Society for Epidemiologic Research USA |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | The intended purpose of the poster presentation was describe work undertaken on links between adult obesity and physical functioning and investigating the mediating role of physical inactivity. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | A conference presentation at the Society for Social Medicine |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | A poster presentation describing findings between alcohol consumption during mid-life and postmenopausal breast density. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://jech.bmj.com/content/74/Suppl_1/A51.1.abstract |
Description | An oral conference presentation at the Society for Social Medicine |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Virtual conference oral presentation disseminating findings on association between cardiovascular health and stroke in older British men. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://jech.bmj.com/content/74/Suppl_1/A24.2.abstract |
Description | Blog post on research findings |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | A blog post (for a general audience) in 'Discover Society' discussing a series of papers that were funded by this MRC project. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://discoversociety.org/2020/04/01/young-and-obese-how-will-you-manage-physically-in-middle-age-... |
Description | Conference presentation at International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse & Neglect, Oman |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | The intended purpose of the talk was describe work undertaken on child maltreatment and antisocial behaviours across the life-course |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Conference presentation at the International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | The intended purpose was to disseminate my research on change in health and social factors in mid-adulthood and corresponding changes in leisure-time physical inactivity to a wide, international audience. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Keynote presentation at London Sport's annual conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | Keynote presentation at London Sport's annual conference |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOb0epNFi9A&ab_channel=LondonSport |
Description | News piece based on research published |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | News piece based on research published |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://www.iseh.co.uk/news/latest-news/new-study-examining-the-relationship-between-cardiorespirato... |
Description | News piece based on research published |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | News piece based on research published |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://www.iseh.co.uk/news/latest-news/new-research-that-aimed-to-unpick-the-relationship-between-a... |
Description | News piece based on research published |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | News piece based on research published |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | http://www.iseh.co.uk/news/latest-news/new-research-that-investigated-the-complex-associations-betwe... |
Description | News piece based on research published |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | https://www.iseh.co.uk/news/latest-news/new-research-that-focused-on-the-relationship-between-adiposity-and-cognitive-function |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://www.iseh.co.uk/news/latest-news/new-research-that-focused-on-the-relationship-between-adipos... |
Description | News piece based on research published |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfFZMINraFQ&ab_channel=TheISEH Also chopped into smaller videos for Instagram etc |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://www.iseh.co.uk/news/latest-news/a-virtual-focus-group-study-examining-resistance-training-at... |
Description | News piece based on research published |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | News piece based on research published |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | http://www.iseh.co.uk/news/latest-news/new-research-prenatal-and-postnatal-correlates-of-moderate-to... |
Description | News piece based on research published |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | News piece based on research published |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | http://www.iseh.co.uk/news/latest-news/new-research-that-looked-at-whether-balance-ability-tracked-f... |
Description | News piece based on research published |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | News piece based on research published |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | http://www.iseh.co.uk/news/latest-news/adiposity-and-grip-strength-new-published-study |
Description | News piece based on research published |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | News piece based on research published |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | http://www.iseh.co.uk/news/latest-news/new-study-investigating-whether-variation-in-vitamin-d-status... |
Description | News piece based on research published |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | News piece based on research published |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | http://www.iseh.co.uk/news/latest-news/new-study-investigating-how-bmi-over-a-lifetime-is-associated... |
Description | News piece based on research published |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | News piece based on research published |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://www.iseh.co.uk/news/latest-news/new-research-aiming-to-identify-differences-in-patterns-of-a... |
Description | News piece based on research published |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | News interviews, reporter queries, emails from the public etc |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://twitter.com/TheISEH/status/1603438638125260800 |
Description | Podcast on research findings |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | A podcast discussing a series of papers funded by this MRC project. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://lifecourse-podcast.libsyn.com/website/a-lifetime-of-obesity-what-does-it-mean-for-how-we-man... |
Description | Presentation at Closer Conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | The intended purpose of the talk was describe work undertaken on change in health and social factors in mid-adulthood and corresponding changes in leisure-time physical inactivity. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | Research talk at International Centre for Life-course Studies in Society and Health |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | The intended purpose of the talk was the show-case work my team and I have been doing under this award. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Symposia at the NCDS 60 years of our lives meeting |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | The intended purpose of the symposium was the show-case work my team and I have been doing under this award. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Symposia presentation at Society for Longitudinal and Life-course Studies Conference, Germany |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | The intended purpose of the symposium was to highlight the work being done on harmonising data for research across different generations in the UK. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Three conference presentations at the Society for Social Medicine conference, Ireland |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | The intended purpose of the talk was to describe work undertaken on premature mortality in adult survivors of child abuse and neglect. The intended purpose of the poster presentations were to describe work undertaken on (i) ) birthweight, lifetime obesity and physical functioning in mid-adulthood and (ii) childhood socioeconomic position and midlife physical functioning. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Three symposium presentations at the Gerontological Society conference USA |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | The intended purpose of the three delivered talks was describe work undertaken by my group on various aspects of ageing (i.e. physical functioning and frailty). |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Two conference presentations at Society for Longitudinal and Life-course Studies conference, Germany |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | The intended purpose of the talks were to describe work undertaken on (i) adverse childhood experiences and inflammation and (ii) understanding links between early-life socioeconomic position and physical functioning in mid-life |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |