Ethnic specific risk stratification in early pregnancy for identifying mothers at risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in India and Kenya.
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Warwick
Department Name: Warwick Medical School
Abstract
High glucose level in Pregnancy or Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical conditions during pregnancy. When undetected, it can cause significant harm for the pregnant women and her offspring. GDM can affect 1-25% of all pregnant women. It depends on the population and where the boundary is drawn between normal and abnormal glucose levels. Certain ethnic minority groups are considered at high-risk for developing GDM, including Indians and Afro-Caribbeans. It is estimated >15% of pregnancies are affected by GDM in India but there are no published data from Kenya.
The immediate risks of untreated GDM are high rates of pre-eclampsia (very high in Africa), higher caesarean section rates and psychological effects such as anxiety and depression. Women who develop GDM have a 7-8 times higher life-time risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Similarly, the immediate risks to the children are: being too big or too small, shoulder damage during labour, low glucose levels or jaundice at birth, difficulty in breathing and rarely death (stillbirth). In the long term, the risk of obesity and T2D is also higher.
The diagnosis of GDM is usually made between 24-28 weeks of pregnancy using a glucose drink test called an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Although treatment can improve the outcomes, some of the damage may have already been done to the unborn baby before the detection of GDM. Therefore, screening to detect high glucose level in pregnancy seems beneficial. However, there can be harms as well as benefits in screening programmes. As a recent BMJ article said, "a label of gestational diabetes brings with it an intervention package that includes glucose monitoring, extra clinic visits, more obstetric monitoring with greater likelihood of labour induction, operative delivery and admission of the baby to special care, and finally for the mother a label of high risk for diabetes". We therefore need to try and achieve a balance between identifying women whose blood glucose level is high enough to cause harm and those with glucose level that would not cause harm.
Currently, it is recommended that all pregnant women should be screened for GDM if they belong to a high-risk ethnic population. However, conducting OGTT in rural India and Kenya is challenging, as this test requires pregnant women present themselves to a laboratory facility in a fasting state. In many countries, including the UK, women are selected for OGTT based on the presence of at least one of the high risk factors such as higher body weight, older age and family history of T2D. However, this selection method can miss up to 50% of GDM.
The aim of the study is to develop a risk score in early pregnancy based on a combination of these risk factors that can be collected easily along with a simple finger prick average blood glucose test (called HbA1c). The efficiency of different levels of this combined risk score will be tested against the risk of developing GDM in the later part of pregnancy. Cost-effectiveness analysis will also be conducted to identify at what risk level screening can be recommended in India and Kenya.
An accurate score that can safely exclude women at low risk of developing GDM and will have significant benefits to the pregnant women. They can be reassured. Avoiding the need for OGTT will have significant time and cost benefits. In contrast, if the score identifies them as at high-risk, healthy eating and appropriate life style advice can reduce their risk of developing GDM in later pregnancy. In addition to the direct benefit for the pregnant women and their offspring, the proposed study will also benefit policy makers, governmental and non-governmental organisations both in India and Kenya. The detailed clinical efficiency and health economic evaluations will enable these organisations to allocate the scarce resources to be focused on the high-risk women living in the low and middle-income countries like India and Kenya
The immediate risks of untreated GDM are high rates of pre-eclampsia (very high in Africa), higher caesarean section rates and psychological effects such as anxiety and depression. Women who develop GDM have a 7-8 times higher life-time risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Similarly, the immediate risks to the children are: being too big or too small, shoulder damage during labour, low glucose levels or jaundice at birth, difficulty in breathing and rarely death (stillbirth). In the long term, the risk of obesity and T2D is also higher.
The diagnosis of GDM is usually made between 24-28 weeks of pregnancy using a glucose drink test called an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Although treatment can improve the outcomes, some of the damage may have already been done to the unborn baby before the detection of GDM. Therefore, screening to detect high glucose level in pregnancy seems beneficial. However, there can be harms as well as benefits in screening programmes. As a recent BMJ article said, "a label of gestational diabetes brings with it an intervention package that includes glucose monitoring, extra clinic visits, more obstetric monitoring with greater likelihood of labour induction, operative delivery and admission of the baby to special care, and finally for the mother a label of high risk for diabetes". We therefore need to try and achieve a balance between identifying women whose blood glucose level is high enough to cause harm and those with glucose level that would not cause harm.
Currently, it is recommended that all pregnant women should be screened for GDM if they belong to a high-risk ethnic population. However, conducting OGTT in rural India and Kenya is challenging, as this test requires pregnant women present themselves to a laboratory facility in a fasting state. In many countries, including the UK, women are selected for OGTT based on the presence of at least one of the high risk factors such as higher body weight, older age and family history of T2D. However, this selection method can miss up to 50% of GDM.
The aim of the study is to develop a risk score in early pregnancy based on a combination of these risk factors that can be collected easily along with a simple finger prick average blood glucose test (called HbA1c). The efficiency of different levels of this combined risk score will be tested against the risk of developing GDM in the later part of pregnancy. Cost-effectiveness analysis will also be conducted to identify at what risk level screening can be recommended in India and Kenya.
An accurate score that can safely exclude women at low risk of developing GDM and will have significant benefits to the pregnant women. They can be reassured. Avoiding the need for OGTT will have significant time and cost benefits. In contrast, if the score identifies them as at high-risk, healthy eating and appropriate life style advice can reduce their risk of developing GDM in later pregnancy. In addition to the direct benefit for the pregnant women and their offspring, the proposed study will also benefit policy makers, governmental and non-governmental organisations both in India and Kenya. The detailed clinical efficiency and health economic evaluations will enable these organisations to allocate the scarce resources to be focused on the high-risk women living in the low and middle-income countries like India and Kenya
Technical Summary
Hyperglycaemia in Pregnancy or Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common obstetric medical conditions which when undetected can cause significant adverse outcomes for the mother and the offspring. Diagnosis is typically made between 24-28 weeks of pregnancy using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Therefore, some damage might have already happened prior to detection. Although universal screening is recommended by many guidelines, this is not uniformly followed across the world, partly because of doubts about cost-effectiveness. Only selective screening is followed based on presence of at least one of the high risk factors (age, BMI, previous history, etc). This strategy can miss up to 50% of GDM. In addition, no data exists in India and Kenya. In low and middle-income countries (LMICs), where majority live in rural settings, the major limitations are difficulty in conducting OGTT, which requires prompt access to laboratory facilities. Combining the clinical and easily analysable biochemical markers (composite risk score) could improve the prediction and if proven, could help to prevent the onset of GDM. Fasting glucose levels (at non-diabetes levels) in early pregnancy could predict future GDM. HbA1c in early pregnancy can be a better marker as it can be done point-of-care and does not require patients to be in a fasting state.
The overall objective of the proposed project is to develop a composite risk score to predict GDM in early pregnancy using a combination of easily identifiable risk factors such as age, BMI, family history of Type 2 Diabetes along with HbA1c in Indians and Kenyans. The project will recruit pregnant women in early pregnancy from South India (n=3400) and Western Kenya (n=4000). Contribution of individual risk factors as well as the composite risk score on the risk of developing GDM will be assessed. Detailed health economic analyses will enable policy makers to make informed decision based on local data.
The overall objective of the proposed project is to develop a composite risk score to predict GDM in early pregnancy using a combination of easily identifiable risk factors such as age, BMI, family history of Type 2 Diabetes along with HbA1c in Indians and Kenyans. The project will recruit pregnant women in early pregnancy from South India (n=3400) and Western Kenya (n=4000). Contribution of individual risk factors as well as the composite risk score on the risk of developing GDM will be assessed. Detailed health economic analyses will enable policy makers to make informed decision based on local data.
Planned Impact
Adverse pregnancy outcomes are still major causes of morbidity and mortality to women and their offspring, especially those living in rural India and other LMICs such as Kenya. GDM contributes to these adverse outcomes significantly. Screening and accurate identification of women at risk of GDM is a major challenge for public health professionals, policy makers, health care professionals and non-governmental and social care organisations who are involved in improving the health status of women during pregnancy. Our proposed research, if proven, has the potential to safely exclude women at low-risk of GDM.
Benefits from the proposed research will include:
a) Pregnant women and their families: Reduction in level of anxiety by reassuring them that they are at low risk and unlikely to develop GDM. Reduction in discomfort of doing OGTTs. Further benefits will accrue from cost savings by avoiding unnecessary investigations, which in some communities might involve considerable time and costs (travel to clinics for OGTT, cost of OGTTs and related tests). If they are identified as moderate to high-risk early in the pregnancy, healthy eating and active lifestyle advice can reduce their risk of developing GDM in later pregnancy. This, however, needs to be tested in subsequent prospective studies.
b) Health care professionals (diabetologists, obstetricians, midwives and others) directly involved in the care of pregnant women: Unnecessary testing is avoided for those at low risk and hence resources are focused on those at high risk. Target the resources and work with women identified at high risk to reduce the risk of developing GDM. This could result in better job satisfaction and avoid frustration of not being able to avoid the complications of GDM despite treatment.
c) Public health professionals: Clear guidance and algorithms for identifying and reassuring women at low risk, allowing concentration of resources on those at higher risk.
d) Social care, non-governmental and charitable organisations: Currently universal guidelines are recommended in India and no clear guidelines exist in Kenya. It is neither followed nor affordable due to resources and lack of local data. Our findings will provide vital data for policy makers to redefine these guidelines based on local data. Clear risk stratification would enable better allocation of scarce resources in rural India and Kenya. In addition, the study would also provide data that could, with caution, be extrapolated to other LMICs.
e) Private organisations: As significant part of the care in these countries is provided by many private hospitals and organisations, our findings will help these third sector organisations.
f) Wider public: Knowledge of 'GDM' can be predicted and prevented could result in positive view and reduce the stigma, especially in India, Kenya and other LMICs
g) Policy makers in other LMICs: The study will be adequately powered to make clear guidelines for screening GDM in the populations studied. Extrapolation beyond India and Kenya may require conducting further validation studies, in the respective populations, but by building on our risk stratification studies, the time scale of validation studies in other populations living in other LMICs could be significantly shortened.
h) Research teams: The study will also benefit the cohort of research and other staff in each country, through exposure to research methods and development of skills which will not only further their academic careers, but also help them to secure careers in other employment sectors.
i) UK and Indian governments: We would also develop a link with NICE International, which might help develop the UK's track record of conducting key research studies that change medical practice across the world. Similarly, DBT's track record on funding landmark studies will be further strengthened.
Benefits from the proposed research will include:
a) Pregnant women and their families: Reduction in level of anxiety by reassuring them that they are at low risk and unlikely to develop GDM. Reduction in discomfort of doing OGTTs. Further benefits will accrue from cost savings by avoiding unnecessary investigations, which in some communities might involve considerable time and costs (travel to clinics for OGTT, cost of OGTTs and related tests). If they are identified as moderate to high-risk early in the pregnancy, healthy eating and active lifestyle advice can reduce their risk of developing GDM in later pregnancy. This, however, needs to be tested in subsequent prospective studies.
b) Health care professionals (diabetologists, obstetricians, midwives and others) directly involved in the care of pregnant women: Unnecessary testing is avoided for those at low risk and hence resources are focused on those at high risk. Target the resources and work with women identified at high risk to reduce the risk of developing GDM. This could result in better job satisfaction and avoid frustration of not being able to avoid the complications of GDM despite treatment.
c) Public health professionals: Clear guidance and algorithms for identifying and reassuring women at low risk, allowing concentration of resources on those at higher risk.
d) Social care, non-governmental and charitable organisations: Currently universal guidelines are recommended in India and no clear guidelines exist in Kenya. It is neither followed nor affordable due to resources and lack of local data. Our findings will provide vital data for policy makers to redefine these guidelines based on local data. Clear risk stratification would enable better allocation of scarce resources in rural India and Kenya. In addition, the study would also provide data that could, with caution, be extrapolated to other LMICs.
e) Private organisations: As significant part of the care in these countries is provided by many private hospitals and organisations, our findings will help these third sector organisations.
f) Wider public: Knowledge of 'GDM' can be predicted and prevented could result in positive view and reduce the stigma, especially in India, Kenya and other LMICs
g) Policy makers in other LMICs: The study will be adequately powered to make clear guidelines for screening GDM in the populations studied. Extrapolation beyond India and Kenya may require conducting further validation studies, in the respective populations, but by building on our risk stratification studies, the time scale of validation studies in other populations living in other LMICs could be significantly shortened.
h) Research teams: The study will also benefit the cohort of research and other staff in each country, through exposure to research methods and development of skills which will not only further their academic careers, but also help them to secure careers in other employment sectors.
i) UK and Indian governments: We would also develop a link with NICE International, which might help develop the UK's track record of conducting key research studies that change medical practice across the world. Similarly, DBT's track record on funding landmark studies will be further strengthened.
Organisations
- University of Warwick (Lead Research Organisation)
- UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD (Collaboration)
- Voluntary Health Services Hospital (Collaboration)
- Seethapathy Clinic & Hospital (Collaboration)
- Fernandez Hospital (Collaboration)
- Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF THE WESTERN CAPE (Collaboration)
- IISER Pune (Collaboration)
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (Collaboration)
- Fetal Care Research Foundation (Collaboration)
Publications
Wang J
(2018)
Gestational dyslipidaemia and adverse birthweight outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
in Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
Venkataraman H
(2018)
Medicalising pregnancy with new diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus: do we need more evidence?
in Diabetologia
Venkataraman H
(2015)
Postnatal testing following gestational diabetes--Authors' reply.
in The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology
Venkataraman H
(2015)
Postnatal testing following gestational diabetes: time to replace the oral glucose tolerance test?
in The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology
Venkataraman H
(2017)
Increased fetal adiposity prior to diagnosis of gestational diabetes in South Asians: more evidence for the 'thin-fat' baby.
in Diabetologia
Thirumoorthy C
(2022)
Altered levels of neurobiological biomarkers at the interface of depression and gestational diabetes mellitus in Asian Indian women
in Neuropeptides
Thangaratinam S
(2020)
ENDOCRINOLOGY IN THE TIME OF COVID-19: Diagnosis and management of gestational diabetes mellitus.
in European journal of endocrinology
Schoonejans JM
(2024)
Serum bile acid measurements in women of European and South Asian ethnicity with or without gestational diabetes mellitus: A cohort study.
in BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology
Sampathkumar S
(2022)
Uptake, Engagement and Acceptance, Barriers and Facilitators of a Text Messaging Intervention for Postnatal Care of Mother and Child in India-A Mixed Methods Feasibility Study.
in International journal of environmental research and public health
Sampathkumar S
(2023)
Effectiveness of pre-pregnancy lifestyle in preventing gestational diabetes mellitus-a systematic review and meta-analysis of 257,876 pregnancies.
in Nutrition & diabetes
Ram U
(2017)
Hyperglycaemia in pregnancy: time to ask the hard questions?
in The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology
Ram U
(2024)
Effects of treating subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy in India: Are we treating too many for little gain? A retrospective cohort study.
in International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics
Pramodkumar TA
(2019)
1,5 Anhydroglucitol in gestational diabetes mellitus.
in Journal of diabetes and its complications
Plant N
(2020)
Unmet needs of women with GDM: a health needs assessment in Sandwell, West Midlands.
in Journal of public health (Oxford, England)
Periyathambi N
(2021)
Impact of maternal HbA1c on offspring glucose at 4-7 years of age: role of childhood adiposity and other potential confounders.
in Diabetologia
Pastakia SD
(2021)
Risk of Dysglycemia in Pregnancy amongst Kenyan Women with HIV Infection: A Nested Case-Control Analysis from the STRiDE Study.
in Journal of diabetes research
Pastakia S
(2017)
Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus based on various screening strategies in western Kenya: a prospective comparison of point of care diagnostic methods
in BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Khin MO
(2018)
Predictors of metformin failure in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
in Diabetes & metabolic syndrome
Hannah W
(2022)
Global burden of early pregnancy gestational diabetes mellitus (eGDM): A systematic review.
in Acta diabetologica
Boachie J
(2021)
Intracellular and Tissue Levels of Vitamin B12 in Hepatocytes Are Modulated by CD320 Receptor and TCN2 Transporter.
in International journal of molecular sciences
Bick D
(2022)
New global WHO postnatal guidance is welcome but misses the long-term perspective.
in Lancet (London, England)
Bhavadharini B
(2016)
Screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus - relevance to low and middle income countries.
in Clinical diabetes and endocrinology
Bhavadharini B
(2017)
Elevated glycated hemoglobin predicts macrosomia among Asian Indian pregnant women (WINGS-9).
in Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism
Al-Musharaf S
(2020)
Low Serum Vitamin B12 Levels Are Associated with Adverse Lipid Profiles in Apparently Healthy Young Saudi Women.
in Nutrients
Adaikalakoteswari A
(2015)
Low maternal vitamin B12 status is associated with lower cord blood HDL cholesterol in white Caucasians living in the UK.
in Nutrients
Adaikalakoteswari A
(2020)
Vitamin B12 deficiency and altered one-carbon metabolites in early pregnancy is associated with maternal obesity and dyslipidaemia.
in Scientific reports
Description | Population specific prevalence rates of Gestational Diabetes in India and Kenya. This has opened up several new questions, including do we need population specific diagnostic strategy for each LMICs. I has also potentially given new ways of predicting GDM and paved way for researchers to develop strategies for prevention |
Exploitation Route | Several new questions for other researchers to explore: 1. Is the current way of diagnosing GDM by OGTT works at population at large? 2. Do we need population specific diagnostic criteria using OGTT? 3. Can we implement predictive modelling as a way of predicting GDM and establish preventive strategies? 4. What would be the best way of implementing prevention strategies |
Sectors | Healthcare |
Description | MRC-DBT policy engagement worshop |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
Description | Machine learning for health and disease: 2 weeks residential course involving, students, academics, clinicians, funders and policy makers |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Description | Clinical Fellows Training Scheme |
Amount | £162,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2016 |
End | 03/2019 |
Description | GCRF |
Amount | £50,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | Improving maternal health in India |
Organisation | United Kingdom Research and Innovation |
Department | Global Challenges Research Fund |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 02/2019 |
End | 07/2019 |
Description | International Doctoral Training Program |
Amount | £509,993 (GBP) |
Organisation | Novo Nordisk |
Sector | Private |
Country | Denmark |
Start | 02/2019 |
End | 01/2023 |
Description | Role of B12 on adipogenesis |
Amount | £84,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | Sir Jules Thorn Charitable Trust |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 05/2016 |
End | 06/2019 |
Description | Role of HbA1c and 50g GCT in early detection and prediction of gestational diabetes and associated maternal and fetal complications in Thailand |
Amount | £363,666 (GBP) |
Funding ID | MR/R020981/2 |
Organisation | Medical Research Council (MRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 04/2018 |
End | 03/2023 |
Description | Role of Maternal nutritional status on offspring body composition and adiposity |
Amount | £20,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | Warwick Private Hospitals Charitable Trust |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 01/2016 |
Description | University of Warwick GCRF internal funds |
Amount | £10,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | University of Warwick |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 05/2019 |
End | 07/2019 |
Description | WCPRS - University of Warwick and Industry collaborative scholarships (With BHR Pharmaceuticals) |
Amount | £96,549 (GBP) |
Organisation | University of Warwick |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 01/2018 |
End | 07/2021 |
Description | Challenges and solutions for GDM in LMICs |
Organisation | University of the Western Cape |
Country | South Africa |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Joint funding application with University of the Western Cape to Gates Foundation; Selected to the final round; Awaited outcome |
Collaborator Contribution | Joint funding application with University of the Western Cape to Gates Foundation; Selected to the final round; Awaited outcome |
Impact | Joint funding application with University of the Western Cape to Gates Foundation; Selected to the final round; Awaited outcome It is a multi-disciplinary collaboration - involving data scientists, clinical academics, PPIs, Machine learning experts, Governmental organizations |
Start Year | 2023 |
Description | Fernandez |
Organisation | Fernandez Hospital |
Country | India |
Sector | Hospitals |
PI Contribution | Set up the infrastructure for recruiting STRiDE; Created a consortia of obstetric units |
Collaborator Contribution | In kind contribution of investigators and staff time towards recruiting to STRiDE; Active contribution to PPI engagement activities |
Impact | Stakeholder activities; Contribution to further grant applications |
Start Year | 2016 |
Description | Fetal Care Research Foundation |
Organisation | Fetal Care Research Foundation |
Country | India |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
PI Contribution | Knowledge controbutions in the field of Diabetology and Obstetrics. An idea was generated by the PI. This then resulted in designing a retrospective case-control study. The obstetric team has extracted the relevant data and contributed to the manuscript which is now published |
Collaborator Contribution | Refining the design of the study, contribution to extraction of the data, validation of the work and analysis |
Impact | Multi disciplinary; Already resulted in a publication in a relevant area to the overall research theme; Involves fetal medicine expertise, ultrasonologists and paediatrician. |
Start Year | 2015 |
Description | JIPMER |
Organisation | Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research |
Country | India |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Employed research staff; Created the infrastructure for STRiDE recruited; Logistical arrangements for sample transfers; Stakeholder engagement workshop |
Collaborator Contribution | In kind contribution of investigators time; Space and facilitation of STRiDE recruitment activities |
Impact | Stakeholder workshop |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | Machine learning in GDM: Challenges and Opportunities |
Organisation | University of Oxford |
Department | Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Working towards combined future research projects and grant applications |
Collaborator Contribution | Relevant multi-disciplinary expertise towards challenges in GDM evidence base (Obstetrics and Machine learning) |
Impact | Joint NCRM funded workshop |
Start Year | 2021 |
Description | Perinatal Mental and Metabolic Health in LMICs |
Organisation | National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences |
Country | India |
Sector | Hospitals |
PI Contribution | Applied for a joint Global Research Centre for capacity building and Team Science Grant |
Collaborator Contribution | Applied for a joint Global Research Centre for capacity building; Pulled together several local partners, NGOs and PPIs for this grant |
Impact | GHRC - Shortlisted upto the interview stage but the award was not awarded TSG - Interviewed; initial application was not successful; invited to re-submit |
Start Year | 2023 |
Description | Prediction of GDM by machine learning |
Organisation | IISER Pune |
Country | India |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | Secondary analysis of the STRiDE study data for prediction of GDM in early pregnancy |
Collaborator Contribution | Intellectual input on various methodology, supporting a PhD student project, temporarily housing the PhD student (3 months) and contributing to analysis |
Impact | 1 published manuscript, 1 manuscript submitted |
Start Year | 2020 |
Description | Sethapathy Hospitals |
Organisation | Seethapathy Clinic & Hospital |
Country | India |
Sector | Hospitals |
PI Contribution | Leading Obstetric unit in Chennai with 1200+ deliveries per year |
Collaborator Contribution | Significant recruitment to the STRiDE study |
Impact | Produced 2 papers; 2 more manuscript in preparation |
Start Year | 2015 |
Description | VHS |
Organisation | Voluntary Health Services Hospital |
Country | India |
Sector | Hospitals |
PI Contribution | Set up infrastructure to conduct international studies; set up accurate screening for GDM; Reduced cost of anomaly USS at 20 weeks of pregnancy |
Collaborator Contribution | Significant contributor to STRiDE recruitment |
Impact | Stakeholder events; Public engagement activities |
Start Year | 2015 |
Description | Engagement activity with Coventry and Warwickshire CCG |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Arden wide Annual CCG event - More than 200 people of varying sectors attended. Subsequent to this highly rated activity, a smaller CCG action group was formed and met in Feb 2019 to put action plan as a part of the next year's STP |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Ethnic disparities in Diabetes in Pregnancy |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | South Asian Health Foundation annual conference |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Invited talk - Dissemination of preliminary results of PRiDE and STRiDE studies |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Nearly 200 people attended, with several national and international speakers |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Machine learning in GDM |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Co-organised a workshop on Machine learning in GDM: Challenges and opportunities |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | National Diabetes in Pregnancy (DiP) Conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | This was organised by Prof P Saravanan, in collaboration with Diabetes UK and national DiP interest group. More than 350 professional participants attended. Highlighted the research Gaps in Gestational Diabetes and presented the preliminary results. Discussions and debate on key issue of how to manage GDM. Several positive feedback, including feedback on that it will change their practice |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | PPI and stakeholder meeting - University of Warwick |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | 47 people (researchers, GPs, PPI representatives) attended the meeting which was help at University of Warwick. Emerging data from the UK GDM cohort was discussed alongside with the STRiDE study's rationale, plan and implementation and proposed rationale and plan for MAGIC in Malaysia |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Pregnancy Masterclass |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | As a part of South Asian Health Foundation (SAHF) annual Diabetes conference, an workshop on Pregnancy Masterclass was conducted. 60-70 GPs, Hospital practitioners and postgraduate students attended with several positive feedback on how their views will change re: Diabetes in Pregnancy |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | RCP Global - Cambridge-Malaysia joint seminar |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Joint Cambridge-Sunway seminar organised by RCP global; It was focussed on Maternal medicine |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | RCP UK Diabetes Specialities update |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | More than 100 people attended the conference; Of the 3 specialities update, Diabetes in Pregnancy and the role of B12 and folate sparked debate and lots of discussion |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Stakeholders event |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | All the teams who were part of STRiDE were involved. Study staff provided information on latest recruitment activities and challenges which sparked long discussions about how to facilitate and improve recruitment; Participants shared their views on positives and negatives of STRiDE involvement |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | Update on Diabetes in Pregnancy |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | WM regional trainee conference |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Workshop on Gestational Diabetes |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | A separate workshop was conducted alongside the Dr Mohan's 2016 International Diabetes Update conference |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |