Selection for AMR in complex microbial communities at sub-therapeutic antibiotic concentrations
Lead Research Organisation:
UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
Department Name: University of Exeter Medical School
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing problem in human and animal pathogens, and has been highlighted as a serious threat to public health by the Chief Medical Officer. There is increasing evidence that antibiotic usage in agriculture may be contributing to the emergence of AMR in the clinic and the government's 5 year AMR strategy highlights improved knowledge and understanding of AMR as a key priority. This project will investigate the evolution of AMR in complex microbial communities using laboratory evolution experiments. For the first time, selection for AMR in a clinically important opportunistic pathogen, E. coli, will be studied in the presence and absence of a complex community of bacteria. The community will be from pig faeces, and will be incubated in anaerobic fermenters that have previously been used as simple gut models.
Traditional approaches to studying AMR in bacteria often consider only one species in isolation. This approach can be useful in studying mutation based adaptation to antibiotics; however it does not consider the impact of horizontal gene transfer where resistance genes are acquired from the microbial community. Single species experiments also fail to consider competition between different species of bacteria that have differing intrinsic resistance to antibiotics.
Competition experiments in the presence and absence of a complex microbial community will help us understand how evolution of AMR occurs. We will expose experimental microbial communities to different concentrations of antibiotic representing the sub-therapeutic concentrations found in the animal and human gut during oral antibiotic therapy. This will give insights into the way complex interactions that occur within microbial populations affect evolution of AMR, relative to selection for AMR in single species experiments. Exposure to low concentrations of antibiotics was traditionally thought to be unimportant in selection for AMR. However recent data suggests that selection occurs at much lower concentrations than previously thought, and preliminary data in Gaze's lab suggests that selection for AMR gram-negative opportunistic pathogens can be greater at lower sub-therapeutic concentrations than at higher concentrations closer to those used to treat infections.
We will also investigate the effects of selection by a single antibiotic on relative abundance and diversity of all known resistance genes. This will provide data on indirect co-selection for AMR genes due to genetic linkages in the genomes of bacteria in the complex community and on mobile genetic elements capable of transferring multiple genes between bacteria. Cell sorting and next generation sequencing techniques will identify all known AMR genes transferred to a genetically tagged E. coli under antibiotic selection. Conversely, we will also investigate AMR gene transfer from a tagged E. coli to all other bacteria within the complex community.
Traditional approaches to studying AMR in bacteria often consider only one species in isolation. This approach can be useful in studying mutation based adaptation to antibiotics; however it does not consider the impact of horizontal gene transfer where resistance genes are acquired from the microbial community. Single species experiments also fail to consider competition between different species of bacteria that have differing intrinsic resistance to antibiotics.
Competition experiments in the presence and absence of a complex microbial community will help us understand how evolution of AMR occurs. We will expose experimental microbial communities to different concentrations of antibiotic representing the sub-therapeutic concentrations found in the animal and human gut during oral antibiotic therapy. This will give insights into the way complex interactions that occur within microbial populations affect evolution of AMR, relative to selection for AMR in single species experiments. Exposure to low concentrations of antibiotics was traditionally thought to be unimportant in selection for AMR. However recent data suggests that selection occurs at much lower concentrations than previously thought, and preliminary data in Gaze's lab suggests that selection for AMR gram-negative opportunistic pathogens can be greater at lower sub-therapeutic concentrations than at higher concentrations closer to those used to treat infections.
We will also investigate the effects of selection by a single antibiotic on relative abundance and diversity of all known resistance genes. This will provide data on indirect co-selection for AMR genes due to genetic linkages in the genomes of bacteria in the complex community and on mobile genetic elements capable of transferring multiple genes between bacteria. Cell sorting and next generation sequencing techniques will identify all known AMR genes transferred to a genetically tagged E. coli under antibiotic selection. Conversely, we will also investigate AMR gene transfer from a tagged E. coli to all other bacteria within the complex community.
Technical Summary
Evolution of AMR will be studied using a genetically tagged focal strain and AMR plasmid in the presence and absence of a complex microbial community using next generation sequencing and bioinformatic approaches.
In this instance we have chosen to use a pig derived community under selection with oxytetracycline, as selection for AMR within the pig microbiome is an important issue given the size of the global pig population and the amounts of antibiotics used in pig husbandry. However, this model system will be used to study phenomena that are likely to occur in all complex microbial communities under antibiotic selection.
We will use genetically tagged host strains and AMR plasmids, allowing quantitation using real-time PCR and separation of host strain and plasmid bearing bacteria using fluorescently activated cell sorting. The latter approach has been validated by Barth Smets who has kindly agreed to supply strains. Selection for the resistance plasmids will be quantified as a function of antibiotic concentration from the minimum inhibitory concentration of the susceptible focal strain to zero, in the presence and absence of the complex microbial community. Gene transfer between the focal strain and the community will be investigated using cell sorting to separate the focal strain and plasmid recipients from the community. The extent of gene transfer from focal strain to the community and vice versa will be assessed using metagenomic methods. Changes in community structure and AMR gene abundance and diversity during selection experiments will be assessed using amplicon and shotgun sequencing respectively followed by bioinformatic analyses using Qiime and analysis using a structured antimicrobial resistance gene database.
This project is innovative in its combination of selection experiments using genetically tagged strains and plasmids in the presence and absence of a complex microbial community, and the use of next generation sequencing approaches.
In this instance we have chosen to use a pig derived community under selection with oxytetracycline, as selection for AMR within the pig microbiome is an important issue given the size of the global pig population and the amounts of antibiotics used in pig husbandry. However, this model system will be used to study phenomena that are likely to occur in all complex microbial communities under antibiotic selection.
We will use genetically tagged host strains and AMR plasmids, allowing quantitation using real-time PCR and separation of host strain and plasmid bearing bacteria using fluorescently activated cell sorting. The latter approach has been validated by Barth Smets who has kindly agreed to supply strains. Selection for the resistance plasmids will be quantified as a function of antibiotic concentration from the minimum inhibitory concentration of the susceptible focal strain to zero, in the presence and absence of the complex microbial community. Gene transfer between the focal strain and the community will be investigated using cell sorting to separate the focal strain and plasmid recipients from the community. The extent of gene transfer from focal strain to the community and vice versa will be assessed using metagenomic methods. Changes in community structure and AMR gene abundance and diversity during selection experiments will be assessed using amplicon and shotgun sequencing respectively followed by bioinformatic analyses using Qiime and analysis using a structured antimicrobial resistance gene database.
This project is innovative in its combination of selection experiments using genetically tagged strains and plasmids in the presence and absence of a complex microbial community, and the use of next generation sequencing approaches.
Planned Impact
Beneficiaries of the research will include academics (see academic beneficiaries) and key stakeholders from government agencies including Defra, the Food Standards Agency (FSA), the Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD) and members of the Defra Antimicrobial Resistance Committee (DARC) and Advisory Committee on Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (ARHAI). Individuals working in areas of veterinary and clinical medicine concerned with antibiotic therapy and AMR will also benefit including vets, pharmacists, infection control practitioners and clinical microbiologists. Private sector stakeholders within the animal and human biopharma industry would also benefit from a deeper understanding of the way AMR evolves and the role sub-therapeutic concentrations of antibiotics play in selection for resistance.
There is a fundamental lack of knowledge regarding the relationship between antibiotic exposure and selection for resistance in complex communities such as those within the human and animal microbiomes. Whilst patterns of resistance in different microbial communities under different selective regimens will vary the proposed research represents one of the first attempts to investigate selection for AMR in complex microbial communities under controlled replicated conditions using cutting edge molecular tools. Previous research using animal models is subject to lack of true controls and adequate replication to account for confounding variables. Working with genetically tagged strains in animals is also logistically difficult and costly. In vitro work to date largely relies on single or dual species experiments which do not account for horizontal transfer of resistance genes or competition between taxa with differing intrinsic levels of resistance. Where mixed communities are studied, the system is usually regarded as a "black box" with limited ability to disentangle changes within the community.
Our innovative approach combining molecular microbial ecology and experimental evolutionary biology utilising next generation sequencing and bioinformatic approaches is well suited to tackling this complex problem.
Increased understanding of how antibiotics select for resistance in complex microbial communities is crucial in developing best practice in terms of prescribing and prophylaxis in animals. Interventions that reduce the rate at which AMR evolves have the potential to improve the nation's health and reduce social and economic costs associated with AMR. Our data will strengthen the evidence base relating to the impacts on microbial communities of exposure to antibiotics at a range of concentrations encompassing those likely to be present in the human and animal gut.
It is likely that novel insights into the evolution of AMR will be made within the lifetime of the grant, potentially informing policy on antibiotic usage and identifying key questions for further research.
THE RF and technician will develop understanding of the evolution of AMR and will receive training in the use of molecular tools and experimental approaches required to investigate the problem. This expertise will be valuable within the academic, public and private sectors.
There is a fundamental lack of knowledge regarding the relationship between antibiotic exposure and selection for resistance in complex communities such as those within the human and animal microbiomes. Whilst patterns of resistance in different microbial communities under different selective regimens will vary the proposed research represents one of the first attempts to investigate selection for AMR in complex microbial communities under controlled replicated conditions using cutting edge molecular tools. Previous research using animal models is subject to lack of true controls and adequate replication to account for confounding variables. Working with genetically tagged strains in animals is also logistically difficult and costly. In vitro work to date largely relies on single or dual species experiments which do not account for horizontal transfer of resistance genes or competition between taxa with differing intrinsic levels of resistance. Where mixed communities are studied, the system is usually regarded as a "black box" with limited ability to disentangle changes within the community.
Our innovative approach combining molecular microbial ecology and experimental evolutionary biology utilising next generation sequencing and bioinformatic approaches is well suited to tackling this complex problem.
Increased understanding of how antibiotics select for resistance in complex microbial communities is crucial in developing best practice in terms of prescribing and prophylaxis in animals. Interventions that reduce the rate at which AMR evolves have the potential to improve the nation's health and reduce social and economic costs associated with AMR. Our data will strengthen the evidence base relating to the impacts on microbial communities of exposure to antibiotics at a range of concentrations encompassing those likely to be present in the human and animal gut.
It is likely that novel insights into the evolution of AMR will be made within the lifetime of the grant, potentially informing policy on antibiotic usage and identifying key questions for further research.
THE RF and technician will develop understanding of the evolution of AMR and will receive training in the use of molecular tools and experimental approaches required to investigate the problem. This expertise will be valuable within the academic, public and private sectors.
Publications
Gaze W.H.
(2017)
Antimicrobial Resistance: Investigating the Environmental Dimension.
Pursey E
(2018)
CRISPR-Cas antimicrobials: Challenges and future prospects.
in PLoS pathogens
Larsson DGJ
(2018)
Critical knowledge gaps and research needs related to the environmental dimensions of antibiotic resistance.
in Environment international
Powell N
(2017)
Developing a local antimicrobial resistance action plan: the Cornwall One Health Antimicrobial Resistance Group.
in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Liu Z
(2019)
From Pig Breeding Environment to Subsequently Produced Pork: Comparative Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Bacterial Community Composition.
in Frontiers in microbiology
Gaze, W.H.
(2017)
Have we opened the floodgates on antimicrobial resistance?
Klümper U
(2017)
Metal stressors consistently modulate bacterial conjugal plasmid uptake potential in a phylogenetically conserved manner.
in The ISME journal
Wood K
(2019)
Microbial Ecology: Complex Bacterial Communities Reduce Selection for Antibiotic Resistance.
in Current biology : CB
Arias-Andres M
(2018)
Microplastic pollution increases gene exchange in aquatic ecosystems.
in Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ)
(2021)
Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain.
in EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority
Klümper U
(2019)
Selection for antimicrobial resistance is reduced when embedded in a natural microbial community.
in The ISME journal
Vos M
(2020)
Zinc can counteract selection for ciprofloxacin resistance.
in FEMS microbiology letters
Description | ? Participated in Epi-Net meeting Dec 3rd 2021. |
Geographic Reach | Europe |
Policy Influence Type | Membership of a guideline committee |
Impact | Will determine future AMR surveillance policy and practice on Europe |
Description | ? Second consultative meeting in preparation of the report on the environment and health impacts of pesticides and fertilizers (UNEP, WHO, FAO). Geneva, UNEP. 2019. |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Membership of a guideline committee |
Impact | I sit on the WHO/FAO working group on pesticides and fertilizers where the risks of AMR and environment are being discussed in relation to manure based fertilizers and biosolids amendments to agricultural land. |
Description | Advised European Bank for Reconstruction and Development on AMR |
Geographic Reach | Europe |
Policy Influence Type | Contribution to new or improved professional practice |
Impact | Advised European Bank for Reconstruction and Development on AMR |
Description | Advising Deloitte on evaluation of the UK gov AMR surevillance programme PATH-SAFE |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
Impact | Informing national policy |
Description | Co-authored a box in Chief Medical Officers annual report |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Citation in other policy documents |
URL | https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/chief-medical-officer-annual-report-2017-health-impacts-o... |
Description | Consulting for DG Sante on AMR policy |
Geographic Reach | Europe |
Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
Impact | Informing EU policy |
Description | Invited by British Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy to contribute to discussion around new AMR National Action Plan. One of a small number of academics to be invited. |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
Description | Invited to participate in Surveillance and Epidemiology of Drug Resistant Infections Consortium (SEDRIC) Genomic Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance working group workshop lead by Professor Kate Baker, Dr Elita Jauneikaite, Professor Sharon Peacock and Professor Nicholas Feasey. |
Geographic Reach | Europe |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
Impact | NA |
Description | Member of UK AMR NAP Stakeholder group |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
Impact | iNFORMING NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY |
Description | Second consultative meeting in preparation of the report on the environment and health impacts of pesticides and fertilizers (UNEP, WHO, FAO). |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Membership of a guideline committee |
Description | Three papers cited in the Download the JPIAMR Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda on Antimicrobial Resistance 2019 |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Citation in other policy documents |
URL | https://www.jpiamr.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/JPIAMR_SRIA_final.pdf |
Description | UNEP Frontiers 2017 report only one of two cited papers/reports on AMR and the environment in Interagency Coordination Group on AMR Final report presented to the UN Secretary general |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Citation in other policy documents |
Impact | This is arguably the most important document on AMR produced by the WHO/FAO/OIE and scientific experts in recent years as it will shape the global response to AMR by the UN/WHO. |
URL | https://www.who.int/antimicrobial-resistance/interagency-coordination-group/en/ |
Description | Mapping the evidence for the risks of human exposure and transmission of AMR in the natural environment |
Amount | £80,590 (GBP) |
Funding ID | NE/S015965/1 |
Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 01/2019 |
End | 09/2020 |
Description | The environmental dimension of antimicrobial resistance: informing policy, regulation and practice. |
Amount | £72,525 (GBP) |
Funding ID | NE/S006257/1 |
Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 01/2019 |
End | 12/2021 |
Description | Towards Developing an International Environmental AMR Surveilance Strategy |
Amount | £44,356 (GBP) |
Funding ID | MR/S037713/1 |
Organisation | Medical Research Council (MRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 01/2019 |
End | 12/2020 |
Description | We are currently involved in five AMR PATH-SAFE contracts in collaboration with UKCEH on three contracts and WSP on one contract |
Amount | £200,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | Environment Agency |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 08/2022 |
End | 03/2023 |
Description | Supervising EA staff member for postgraduate degree on environmental AMR surveillacne |
Organisation | Environment Agency |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | We have supervised the EA staff member who works on the UKHSA?FSA/EA PATH-SAFE AMR surveillance programme |
Collaborator Contribution | Research student |
Impact | Will inform EA AMR surevillance strategy |
Start Year | 2022 |
Description | Working with UKCEH on PATH-SAFE projects |
Organisation | UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | We have jointly bid and are delivering three contracts on AMR for the Environment Agency through PATH-SAFE |
Collaborator Contribution | Joint delivery of three contracts |
Impact | Three reports which may lead to publications |
Start Year | 2022 |
Description | ? Attended a Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance (JPIAMR) workshop in Gothenburg |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Attended a Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance (JPIAMR) workshop in Gothenburg in September 2017 to explore and identify critical research needs that relate to the environmental dimensions of AMR, both in the longer term for providing input to an updated JPIAMR Strategic Research Agenda, but also in the shorter term to provide guidance for specific calls. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://www.jpiamr.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Report-_JPIAMR-workshop-on-Environmental-dimensions... |
Description | ? Gaze WH. Co-selection for AMR by quaternary ammonium compounds. Royal Academy of Science. Stockholm. March 2016. |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Talk at the Royal Academy of Science in Stockholm on AMR in the environment |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | ? Gaze WH. The environmental aspects of antibiotic resistance. Learned Societies AMR meeting. June 25th, 2015 London. |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Antimicrobial resistance: environments,evolution and transmission Networking workshops for researchers |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
URL | https://www.responsibleantibioticuse.org/#xl_xr_page_index |
Description | ? Gaze WH. The environmental aspects of antibiotic resistance. Learned Societies AMR scoping meeting. Society for Applied Microbiology symposium on AMR, Royal Society of medicine. December 2015. |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Talk to diverse audience on AMR in the environment |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
Description | ? Gaze, W.H. Selection for, dissemination of and exposure to antibiotic resistant bacteria in the natural environment. |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | 4th International Conference on Responsible Use of Antibiotics in Animals, The Hague, September 2016. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
URL | https://www.responsibleantibioticuse.org/#xl_xr_page_index |
Description | ? Gaze, W.H. Taking action to improve healthcare by addressing the links with environment chemistry. Scotland (NHS), |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Talk to NHS Scotland on AMR in the environment |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | ? Invited by MRC to work with Viadynamics to develop an AMR framework to map out research challenges and ways in which we are addressing those challenges. |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Advise RCUK policy on research priorities on AMR |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | ? Invited to EA meeting on AMR in waste water to plan EA programme of investigation. March 2017 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Help inform water industry AMR research programme |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | ? Presented to the APPG on Antibiotics with report generated requestruing AMR be included in the new Environment Bill |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Myself, Aimee Murray and Isobel Stanton gave evidence to the APPG on Antibiotics, highlighting the importance of the environmental dimension of AMR. We presented evidence that should inform the environment bill which is currently at amendment stage. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | Contributed to Aviva Investors report on AMR, biodiversity loss and climate change |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Presentation of report at Aviva Investors, London |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://www.avivainvestors.com/en-gb/views/aiq-investment-thinking/2022/11/antimicrobial-resistance/ |
Description | Filming for BBC4 program on AMR |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | Filmed with freelance program makers for a Michael Mosley BBC4 documentary on AMR |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | GW4/BristolBridge: Systems approaches to AMR in Different Environments (16 Mar 2017) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Presented outline of grant to researchers working on AMR in the environment |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | HCWH webinar with myself and Dame Sally Davies, I hr to journalists and other specialists eg. WHO. |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Webinar with myself and Dame Sally Davies answering questions from policy makers and media around AMR |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Invited speaker UK:Russia AMR roundtable, Nov 23rd organised by BSAC. |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | ~30 AMR specialists from the UK and Russia discussing potential collaborations, coordinated by the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Invited to speak at Bolivian conference on AMR attended by the minister of health. Santa Cruz, June 2019. |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | I had previously been invited to travel to Bolivia and speak to the AMR Action plan committee hosted by the British Embassy in La Paz, this was a follow up presentation to a similar group including the Minister of Health. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Keynote speaker at the Environmental Dimension of Antibiotic Resistance conference in Hong Kong in June 2019 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | This was an international conference attended by academics and representatives from Wellcome, WHO and UNEP. I presented the theoretical framework which underpins this project grant and it was well received with both Wellcome and WHO requesting a copy of my presentation. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | NERC KE Fellowship working with EA, Defra, Water and pharmaceutical industries |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | This is in its early stages but it has already resulted in a JPIAMR (MRC) funded network on environmental AMR surveillance which has resulted in engagement with gov stakeholders and national / international partners |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Presentation at the Environmental Dimension of AMR meeting in Hong Kong |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Presentation from EDAR5 (basis for UK:Argentina grant detailing conceptual framework for Environmental AMR) requested by Tim Jinks (Head of Infection at Wellcome) and David Sutherland (WHO Technical Officer One Health Tripartite Coordination Group for Asia and the Pacific). "I'd be very grateful if you could send your presentation. It will be treated in confidence but will help with my briefing to WHO and FAO (duly acknowledged) and modifications to my risk framework". |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Quadripartitie one health priority research agenda for antimicrobial resistance |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Contributed towards the report, sitting on a panel of experts who contributed to teh report |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240075924 |
Description | Speaking at House of Commons UKRI AMR research strategy refresh |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Speaking at House of Commons UKRI AMR research strategy refresh focusing on existing UKRI funded work in the area of AMR and the environment |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Wrote opinion piece on One Health and AMR for the Microbiology Society |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Wrote opinion piece on One Health and AMR for the Microbiology Society |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://microbiologysociety.org/static/c7d8d35c-6936-4d8d-af7576c5d28b2722/Antimicrobial-Resistance-... |