Mobilising epithelial stem cells for human lung regeneration
Lead Research Organisation:
University College London
Department Name: Medicine
Abstract
Chronic lung disease is responsible for 6 million inpatient bed days a year in the UK. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; including emphysema) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are increasingly recognised as diseases of epithelial damage and failed epithelial regeneration, with no treatments that reverse lung function decline. Epithelial cells and tissue line the outer surfaces of organs and blood vessels throughout the body. Unfortunately, a limited amount is known about adult stem cell populations that maintain adult human lung and in particular, strategies to support or enhance epithelial regeneration do not exist.
During my prior research, I worked with Dr Emma Rawlins at Cambridge University on human lung developmental biology. Together, we developed a novel cell culture system which allowed the expansion of lung stem cells for the first time. Over the coming years, I hope to establish myself as a clinical academic group leader and the opportunity to work within the UKRMP network under Profs. Janes and Watt is an ideal opportunity to turn my basic research towards translational end points for my patients. A Fellowship at UCL Respiratory would allow me the opportunity to develop my independent work with access to adult human clinical specimens and a multitude of murine models available between the two main centres.
Aim1: I intend to develop methods to expand adult stem cells from the human lung. I will systematically evaluate the importance of individual factors within the culture medium for the expansion of adult lung stem cells. This work will be greatly facilitated by collaboration with CSCRM as the Kings Stem Cell Hotel has partnership arrangements with several companies that provide high-content imaging platforms which is ideally suited for tracking stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. These experiments will define specific factors and pathways that orchestrate epithelial stem cell self-renewal and differentiation during homeostasis.
Aim 2: Using the factors identified as controlling lung stem cell behaviour, I will examine their role in living organisms such as mice.
Aim 3: Finally, I will focus on whether manipulation of basal stem cells can be protective against injury. To test this hypothesis, I will use tracheal injury models as these are most relevant to human airway regeneration. These findings will be of broad relevance given that the pathogenesis of many chronic lung diseases, including COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial lung disease are thought to involve repetitive epithelial injury resulting in a loss of epithelial stem cells.
During my prior research, I worked with Dr Emma Rawlins at Cambridge University on human lung developmental biology. Together, we developed a novel cell culture system which allowed the expansion of lung stem cells for the first time. Over the coming years, I hope to establish myself as a clinical academic group leader and the opportunity to work within the UKRMP network under Profs. Janes and Watt is an ideal opportunity to turn my basic research towards translational end points for my patients. A Fellowship at UCL Respiratory would allow me the opportunity to develop my independent work with access to adult human clinical specimens and a multitude of murine models available between the two main centres.
Aim1: I intend to develop methods to expand adult stem cells from the human lung. I will systematically evaluate the importance of individual factors within the culture medium for the expansion of adult lung stem cells. This work will be greatly facilitated by collaboration with CSCRM as the Kings Stem Cell Hotel has partnership arrangements with several companies that provide high-content imaging platforms which is ideally suited for tracking stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. These experiments will define specific factors and pathways that orchestrate epithelial stem cell self-renewal and differentiation during homeostasis.
Aim 2: Using the factors identified as controlling lung stem cell behaviour, I will examine their role in living organisms such as mice.
Aim 3: Finally, I will focus on whether manipulation of basal stem cells can be protective against injury. To test this hypothesis, I will use tracheal injury models as these are most relevant to human airway regeneration. These findings will be of broad relevance given that the pathogenesis of many chronic lung diseases, including COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial lung disease are thought to involve repetitive epithelial injury resulting in a loss of epithelial stem cells.
Technical Summary
Chronic lung disease is responsible for 6 million inpatient bed days a year in the UK. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; including emphysema) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are increasingly recognised as diseases of epithelial damage and failed epithelial regeneration, with no treatments that reverse lung function decline. Unfortunately, a limited amount is known about adult stem cell populations that maintain adult human lung and in particular, strategies to support or enhance epithelial regeneration do not yet exist.
During prior research, with Dr Emma Rawlins (Cambridge University) on human lung developmental biology, I developed a novel cell culture system which allowed the expansion of lung stem cells for the first time. I hope to establish myself as a clinical academic group leader and develop my independent work with access to adult human clinical specimens and a multitude of murine models available between the two main centres.
Aim1: I intend to develop methods to expand adult stem cells from the human lung. I will systematically evaluate the importance of individual factors within the culture medium for the expansion of adult lung stem cells. This work will be greatly facilitated by collaboration with CSCRM as the Kings Stem Cell Hotel. These experiments will define specific factors and pathways that orchestrate epithelial stem cell self-renewal and differentiation during homeostasis.
Aim 2: Using the factors identified as determinants of lung stem cell behaviour, I will examine their role during lung homeostasis in living organisms such as mice.
Aim 3: Finally, I will focus on whether manipulation of basal stem cells can be protective against injury. To test this hypothesis, I will use tracheal injury models (naphthalene and polidocanol) as these are most relevant to human airway regeneration.
During prior research, with Dr Emma Rawlins (Cambridge University) on human lung developmental biology, I developed a novel cell culture system which allowed the expansion of lung stem cells for the first time. I hope to establish myself as a clinical academic group leader and develop my independent work with access to adult human clinical specimens and a multitude of murine models available between the two main centres.
Aim1: I intend to develop methods to expand adult stem cells from the human lung. I will systematically evaluate the importance of individual factors within the culture medium for the expansion of adult lung stem cells. This work will be greatly facilitated by collaboration with CSCRM as the Kings Stem Cell Hotel. These experiments will define specific factors and pathways that orchestrate epithelial stem cell self-renewal and differentiation during homeostasis.
Aim 2: Using the factors identified as determinants of lung stem cell behaviour, I will examine their role during lung homeostasis in living organisms such as mice.
Aim 3: Finally, I will focus on whether manipulation of basal stem cells can be protective against injury. To test this hypothesis, I will use tracheal injury models (naphthalene and polidocanol) as these are most relevant to human airway regeneration.
Publications
Stephenson E
(2021)
Single-cell multi-omics analysis of the immune response in COVID-19.
in Nature medicine
Muus C
(2021)
Single-cell meta-analysis of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes across tissues and demographics.
in Nature medicine
Sungnak W
(2020)
SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes.
in Nature medicine
Guo SA
(2023)
Obesity Is Associated with Attenuated Tissue Immunity in COVID-19.
in American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
Hynds R
(2021)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Building Respiratory Epithelium and Tissue for Health (BREATH) Consortium Workshop Report: Moving Forward in Lung Regeneration
in American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology
Hogan B
(2021)
Lung Stem Cells in Development, Health and Disease
Description | Postgraduate course in Respiratory Medicine at UCL Respiratory |
Geographic Reach | Local/Municipal/Regional |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
URL | https://www.ucl.ac.uk/medical-sciences/respiratory-clinical-science-msc |
Description | A paediatric human lung cell atlas from genetically diverse subjects. |
Amount | $100,000 (USD) |
Organisation | Chan Zuckerberg Initiative |
Sector | Private |
Country | United States |
Start | 03/2021 |
End | 04/2022 |
Description | Clinical Research Training Fellowship for Eliz Kilich |
Amount | £310,410 (GBP) |
Funding ID | MR/X019152/1 |
Organisation | Medical Research Council (MRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2023 |
End | 09/2026 |
Description | Consumables for PhD rotation project by Jessica Allen-Hyttinen as part of the UCL-Birkbeck MRC Doctoral Training Programme |
Amount | £1,666 (GBP) |
Organisation | Medical Research Council (MRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 02/2019 |
End | 05/2019 |
Description | Consumables for PhD rotation project by Kaylee Worlock as part of the UCL-Birkbeck MRC Doctoral Training Programme |
Amount | £1,666 (GBP) |
Organisation | Medical Research Council (MRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2018 |
End | 02/2019 |
Description | Delineating late foetal lung development and maturation |
Amount | £1,605,629 (GBP) |
Funding ID | MR/W00111X/1 |
Organisation | Medical Research Council (MRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 01/2022 |
End | 12/2026 |
Description | Dissecting the role of mechanical lung compression in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia on a single cell level |
Amount | £243,891 (GBP) |
Funding ID | V5021 |
Organisation | Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity (GOSHCC) |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 07/2022 |
End | 07/2025 |
Description | Genomic and transcriptomic determinants of host susceptibility, protection, and viral mutation in experimental SARS CoV-2 infection |
Amount | £1,870,596 (GBP) |
Funding ID | 224530/Z/21/Z |
Organisation | Wellcome Trust |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 05/2022 |
End | 12/2024 |
Description | High-throughput drug screening for identification of novel therapeutic targets for lung regeneration |
Amount | £12,600 (GBP) |
Funding ID | PhD2022 100046 |
Organisation | Rosetrees Trust |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2022 |
End | 04/2023 |
Description | Identifying why children appear to be protected from infection |
Amount | £70,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | M944 |
Organisation | Rosetrees Trust |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2020 |
End | 04/2021 |
Description | Jikei University School of Medicine - Salary for Dr Masahiro Yoshida |
Amount | £61,677 (GBP) |
Organisation | The Jikei University School of Medicine |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | Japan |
Start | 03/2019 |
End | 04/2021 |
Description | Organ Maturation in Preparation for Birth |
Amount | $1,500,000 (USD) |
Funding ID | 2021-238620 |
Organisation | Chan Zuckerberg Initiative |
Sector | Private |
Country | United States |
Start | 09/2021 |
End | 09/2024 |
Description | Single cell analysis of mild and severe paediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection in nasal epithelium - understanding infectivity, progression and disease severity. |
Amount | £199,959 (GBP) |
Funding ID | GN2911 |
Organisation | The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2021 |
End | 04/2023 |
Description | Study of human late fetal lung tissue and 3D in vitro organoids to replace and reduce animals in lung developmental research |
Amount | £120,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | NC/X001644/1 |
Organisation | National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 01/2023 |
End | 12/2026 |
Description | Towards human lung regeneration: study of cell interactions and epithelial maturation in human lung development |
Amount | £60,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | M899 |
Organisation | Rosetrees Trust |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2019 |
End | 09/2022 |
Description | scRNAseq of paediatric normal lungs as part of the Human Cell Atlas (jointly award to Kerstin Meyer at the Sanger and me at UCL) |
Amount | $250,000 (USD) |
Organisation | Chan Zuckerberg Initiative |
Sector | Private |
Country | United States |
Start | 05/2020 |
End | 06/2023 |
Title | Cell dissociation from nasal, bronchial and tracheal brushings with cold-active protease for single-cell RNA-seq |
Description | Cell dissociation from nasal, bronchial and tracheal brushings with cold-active protease for single-cell RNA-seq --> protocol published on protocols.io |
Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
Year Produced | 2021 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Cell dissociation from nasal, bronchial and tracheal brushings with cold-active protease for single-cell RNA-seq --> to be used by other groups |
Title | COVID-19 airway and matched PBMCs |
Description | Single Cell RNAseq dataset - COVID-19 airway and matched PBMCs (health and infected children and adults) |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2021 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Available for browsing by the scientific community |
URL | https://www.covid19cellatlas.org/index.patient.html |
Title | Human Fetal lung immune atlas |
Description | Data based on https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciimmunol.adf9988 |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2023 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Browsable atlas |
URL | https://www.lungcellatlas.org |
Title | Single cell profiling of COVID-19 patients: an international data resource from multiple tissues. |
Description | Single cell profiling of COVID-19 patients: an international data resource from multiple tissues - which I was part of. |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2020 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Dataset made available to whole scientific community. |
URL | http://covid19cellatlas.org |
Description | Dutch Lung Foundation (Longfonds) as part of BREATH consortium |
Organisation | Longfonds |
Country | Netherlands |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
PI Contribution | Invited to contribute by Hans Clevers and Carla Kim Attended and presented initial meeting at the Academy of Arts and Science in Amsterdam in February 2019 |
Collaborator Contribution | Ideas for collaborations |
Impact | Nil yet |
Start Year | 2019 |
Description | Human lung vascular development - collaboration with Christiana Ruhrberg and shared PhD student Tsvetana Stoilova |
Organisation | University College London |
Department | Institute of Ophthalmology UCL |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Secondary PhD supervisor for Tsvetana Stoilova Ideas, tissue and support for research plans |
Collaborator Contribution | s.a. |
Impact | Co-supervising of PhD student |
Start Year | 2018 |
Description | Professor Paolo de Coppi at Great Ormond Street Hospital/Institute of Child Health |
Organisation | University College London |
Department | Institute of Child Health |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | research idea and development consumables PhD student - me as primary supervisor and Paolo de Coppi as subsidiary |
Collaborator Contribution | research idea and development |
Impact | Joint PhD student |
Start Year | 2019 |
Description | UK Regenerative Medicine Platform |
Organisation | UK Regenerative Medicine Platform |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | I am part of UKRMP2, the Engineered Cell Environment Hub. We have monthly Webex meetings including twice yearly face-to-face meetings. It is very interactive and collaborative and we support each other's research. |
Collaborator Contribution | Presentations on research progress |
Impact | Close collaboration with Fiona Watt and Niwa Ali at the Kings College London, Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Close collaboration with Ling-Pei Ho from Oxford University Potential collaboration with Shukry Habib at the Kings College London, Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine |
Start Year | 2018 |
Description | scRNAseq collaboration with Kerstin Meyer and Sarah Teichmann at Sanger Institute, Cambridge |
Organisation | The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
PI Contribution | initiation of collaboration experimental design, tissue research question functional data |
Collaborator Contribution | scRNAseq pipeline |
Impact | In progress. Successful joint application to Chan Zuckerberg Initiative for 250,000 USD grant |
Start Year | 2019 |
Description | "Lung development in health and disease" (invited seminar by Cambridge University Respiratory Research Seminars) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Invited seminar |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | "Lung development in health and disease" (invited seminar speaker at Edinburgh University) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | invited seminar - Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh University |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | BBC Radio 4 interview invitation, Dec 2021 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | Invited and liaised with journalist about interview, question prepared, but canceled 1 hour prior to planned interview |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Building the lung: progress and challenges in human lung development and its relevance to patients (invited seminar) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Invited seminar speaker |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | Invited seminar Stanford University, Institute for Stem Cell Biology |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Researchers and students attended this talk and engaged with it. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Invited seminar at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine), USA |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Lots of discussion and further ideas, including collaborations and new research ideas after the talk |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | Invited seminar at Kings College Stem Cell Institute (Stem cells @ lunch) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Talk on human lung development delivered to other researchers and students, very well received and lots of discussion initiated. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Invited speaker at British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting: "Can we fix it? Possibilities for lung regeneration" |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | International Respiratory conference talk - invited speaker |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Invited speaker at Single Cell in Clinical Translation Symposium at Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Invited talk |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
Description | Invited speaker at UK Regenerative Medicine Conference 2023 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | As above |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://www.ukrmp.org.uk/2023/09/ukrmp-regenerative-medicine-2023-registration/ |
Description | Invited to give award lecture at the British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | International Respiratory conference in London, award lecture for significant contribution to Respiratory Medicine |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/news/2023/bts-celebrates-the-winners-of-the-bts-balr-a-luk-lecture-... |
Description | Lecture on human lung development for East of England Respiratory Registrars training day |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Lecture on human lung development for East of England Respiratory Registrars training day at Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Lecture on the "Development of the respiratory system" for MSc students in prenatal genetics and foetal medicine |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Lecture on "The development of the respiratory system" at University College London, MSc in Prenatal genetics and foetal medicine, Module: organogenesis and foetal development (February 2019) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Lecture on the "Development of the respiratory system" for MSc students in prenatal genetics and foetal medicine 2020 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | 20 postgraduate students on course learning about lung development and its relevant to lung regeneration, sparked questions and discussion afterwards |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | Lung development in health and disease (Cambridge Respiratory Research Seminar, invited speaker) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Cambridge Respiratory Research Seminars (March 2022, invited speaker) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Multi-omic single cell analysis in COVID-19 Human Challenge (Consortium update meeting, invited speaker) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Covid Human Infection Challenge Meeting (January 2022, invited speaker) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Nature webinar with panel discussion "Local and systemic responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adults" |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | webinar organised by Nature, sponsored by 10x, presentation with panel discussion |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Perinatal organ maturation at single-cell resolution (invited speaker at Chan Zuckerberg Annual Meeting) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | CZI Single-Cell Biology 2021 Annual Meeting - Pediatric Network Grantees (October 2021, invited speaker) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Press release on Science Immunology paper being published |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | Press release: https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2023/dec/immune-cells-could-offer-new-avenues-treating-respiratory-diseases |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2023/dec/immune-cells-could-offer-new-avenues-treating-respiratory-diseas... |
Description | TV interview (Great British Breakfast, GBNews): Why are children protected from severe COVID-19? |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | TV interview at "Great British Breakfast" GBNews, 23rd December 2021 talking about our Nature publication |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | The cellular landscape of the upper airways in children and adults with COVID-19 (invited speaker with panel type discussion) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | British Association for Lung Research webinar with panel-type discussion |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | UCL Grand Round: "Mechanisms of why children are generally protected from severe COVID-19" |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | invited Grand Round talk |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |