Enantioselective occurrence and fate of chiral drugs in the aqueous environment
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Bath
Department Name: Chemistry
Abstract
Drugs are potentially hazardous biologically active emerging contaminants as many of them are ubiquitous and persistent with suspected or identified toxicity towards aquatic organisms. Additionally, due to their continuous introduction into the environment and synergistic effects through combined parallel action, even drugs of a low persistence might cause unwanted effects in the environment. Hundreds of tonnes of these compounds are dispensed in communities every year and subsequently enter the environment through wastewater. Several groups of drugs such as beta-blockers, antibiotics or analgesics have been studied before in the environment but surprisingly their chiral character has been overlooked by environmental researchers. More than half of the drugs currently in use are chiral compounds and many of those are distributed as racemates consisting of an equimolar mixture of two enantiomers. A chiral molecule has at least one chiral centre (usually asymmetric carbon) as a result of which it shows optical activity. It exists in the form of two enantiomers, being the non-superimposable mirror images of each other. Enantiomers have the same chemical formula and physicochemical properties but they differ in their optical activity and spatial arrangement. The enantiomers of chiral compounds differ in interactions with chiral environments such as enzymes in the body. Therefore in biological systems they can be recognised as two different substances that elicit different responses: one enantiomer of the same drug may produce the desired therapeutic activity, while the other may be inactive or even toxic. The ratio of active/inactive enantiomer of the chiral drug can change significantly after its administration, metabolism in and excretion from the body. It can be subsequently altered during biological wastewater treatment and when the drug is already present in the environment. This is because degradation of enantiomers can be stereo-specific and can in some cases lead to an increase in the drug's toxicity. Research in this area is important as with the ageing population in western countries and an increase in consumption levels in the developing world increasing quantities of drugs are entering the environment and, to date, studies of the prevalence and characteristics of these contaminants in the environment have been limited in scope. Furthermore, existing reports, due to their non-enantiospecific analytical methodology, do not tackle the problem of chirality of drugs, so these studies cannot unequivocally differentiate between biological (enantioselective) and abiotic (non-enantioselective) processes. Therefore this project aims to identify chiral drugs in the aqueous environment and to test the hypothesis that their distribution in the aqueous environment is stereoselective and that stereoselective mechanisms governing their fate are biological in nature. The hypothesis will be tested through a series of analyses of surface water samples in West Yorkshire (the River Calder), concentrating on densely populated areas where the environment has the greatest potential to be contaminated with drugs. Analysis of contamination will be undertaken taking account of local wastewater treatment activity, thus achieving a more accurate understanding of the risk associated with the presence of chiral drugs in the environment. To achieve this a multi-residue analytical methodology that will allow for simultaneous identification and quantification of trace concentrations (low ppt levels) of chiral drugs of abuse in environmental matrices will be established. Verification of the stereoselectivity of the degradation of chiral drugs in the aqueous environment after taking into consideration non-stereoselective abiotic (photochemical processes, hydrolysis, sorption) and stereoselective biological (microbial) variables will also be undertaken at the laboratory scale with the usage of microcosm protocol and model compounds.
People |
ORCID iD |
Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern (Principal Investigator) |
Publications
Bagnall J
(2013)
Stereoselective biodegradation of amphetamine and methamphetamine in river microcosms.
in Water research
Bagnall JP
(2012)
Using chiral liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the analysis of pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in surface and wastewater at the enantiomeric level.
in Journal of chromatography. A
Bagnall, J., Malia, L., Lubben, A. And Kasprzyk-Hordern, B.
(2012)
The stereo-selective biodegradation of amphetamine and methamphetamine in river water using chiral-LC-QTOFMS
in 8th Annual LC/MS/MS Workshop on Environmental Applications and Food Safety, 2012-07-01 - 2012-07-03, Barcelona
Camacho-Muñoz D
(2016)
Enantiomeric Profiling of Chiral Pharmacologically Active Compounds in the Environment with the Usage of Chiral Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry.
in Current analytical chemistry
Evans S
(2017)
Enantiomeric profiling of a chemically diverse mixture of chiral pharmaceuticals in urban water.
in Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
Evans S
(2014)
Applications of chiral chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry in the analysis of chiral pharmaceuticals in the environment
in Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry
Evans SE
(2016)
Enantioselective degradation of amphetamine-like environmental micropollutants (amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA and MDA) in urban water.
in Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
Kasprzyk-Hordern B
(2012)
Estimation of community-wide drugs use via stereoselective profiling of sewage.
in The Science of the total environment
Kasprzyk-Hordern B
(2012)
Enantiomeric profiling of chiral drugs in wastewater and receiving waters.
in Environmental science & technology
Kasprzyk-Hordern B
(2012)
Estimation of community-wide drugs use via stereoselective profiling of sewage.
in The Science of the total environment
Kasprzyk-Hordern, B.
(2013)
Illicit drugs in wastewater: chirality and other under-investigated phenomena
in 14th EuCheMS International Conference on Chemistry and the Environment, Satellite Event 'Illicit drugs in wastewater', 2013-06-25, Barcelona.
Kasprzyk-Hordern, B.
(2012)
Enantiomeric profiling of chiral drugs in the environment with the usage of Chiral-LCMS/MS
in 8th Annual LC/MS/MS Workshop on Environmental Applications and Food Safety, 2012-07-01 - 2012-07-03, Barcelona
Kasprzyk-Hordern, B.
(2013)
Wastewater analysis - an emerging science: key issues and their application: General overview of analytical methods and chiral analysis
in Testing the waters: first international multidisciplinary conference on detecting illicit drugs in wastewater, 2013-05-06 - 2013-05-08, Lisbon
Kasprzyk-Hordern, B.
(2014)
Testing wastewater in public health epidemiology: Pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs and the phenomenon of chirality
in The SfAM Meeting 'Control of water-borne disease: A century of the activated sludge sewage treatment process', 2014-04-01 - 2014-04-02, Manchester
Kasprzyk-Hordern, B. And Baker, D.
(2011)
The significance of chirality of illicit drugs for the estimation of drugs abuse using the sewage epidemiology approach.
in SETAC Europe 21st Annual Meeting, 2011-05-14 - 2011-05-18, Milan
Kasprzyk-Hordern, B. And Baker, D. R.
(2012)
PACs during wastewater treatment and in receiving waters - emerging issues
in 6th SETAC World Congress/SETAC Europe 22nd Annual Meeting, 2012-05-19 - 2012-05-23, Berlin
Kasprzyk-Hordern, B.,
(2015)
Urban water profiling for community-wide public health assessment
Kasprzyk-Hordern, B., Bagnall, J., Baker, D. And Evans, S.
(2013)
Enantiomerism of medicinal products - a new paradigm in environmental risk assessment
in 23rd Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC Europe), 2013-05-12 - 2013-05-16, Glasgow
Petrie B.
(2015)
Chiral liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry for environmental analysis of pharmacologically active compounds
in LC-GC Europe
Rice J
(2018)
Stereochemistry of ephedrine and its environmental significance: Exposure and effects directed approach.
in Journal of hazardous materials
Description | The overall aim of the project was to undertake enantiomeric profiling of chiral drugs in the aqueous environment and to test the hypothesis that their distribution in the aqueous environment is stereoselective and that stereoselective mechanisms governing their fate are biological in nature. The groups of chiral drugs studied in the aqueous environment and in river microcosms included: amphetamine-like compounds (amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, MDEA), ephedrines, beta-blockers (propranolol, atenolol and metoprolol) and antidepressants (fluoxetine and venlafaxine). Project outcomes are presented below: 1. Development of novel methodology for enantiomeric profiling of chiral drugs in aqueous environmental matrices. A novel multi-residue methodology for enantiomeric profiling of chiral drugs in different environmental matrices utilising for the first time high resolution QTOF MS was developed. This method allows for both target analysis and screening of unknowns and is of key importance if mechanisms of degradation are studied. 2. Verification of enantiomer-specific fate of chiral drugs in the UK aqueous environment. Enantiomeric profiling of chiral drugs of abuse in the environment has never been a subject of investigation before. It revealed the enantiomer-specific fate of all studied drugs. The extent of stereoselectivity depended on several parameters including: type of a chiral drug, wastewater treatment technology used and season. 3. Discovery of enantiomer-specific biotransformation of chiral drugs in river microcosms. Laboratory microcosm experiments undertaken for drugs of abuse proved, in the first ever study of this kind, the hypothesis that stereoselective mechanisms governing fate of chiral drugs of abuse are biological in nature. This ground-breaking project proved for the first time that chiral drugs of abuse are subject to enantiomer-specific processes occurring in the environment and that the enantiomeric composition of a chiral drug can change throughout its environmental cycle. Knowing that two enantiomers of the same chiral drug usually differ in potency and toxicity (e.g. S(+)-amphetamine has twice as high stimulant activity than R(_)-amphetamine), the very same chiral compound might have different activity/toxicity at different stages of its environmental life cycle, which will depend on its origin and exposure to environmental factors. The above is of critical significance in the environmental risk assessment of pharmacologically active compounds, which currently does not take into account enantiomerism of pollutants and potentially leads to a significant under or overestimation of toxicity of chiral drugs. |
Exploitation Route | The developed analytical methods will be of use to environmental scientists and those interested in the analysis of chiral pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs. These beneficiaries will include toxicologists and those involved in the study of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of chiral drugs in the human body and forensic scientists because knowledge of enantiomeric composition of several illicit drugs, such as for example amphetamines, is an indication of their legal and illicit usage. This methodology will provide a comprehensive basis for the analysis of chiral drugs, greatly facilitating future research activity in this area. The methods can be also applied in toxicity studies of chiral drugs of abuse in the environment. Currently ecotoxicity of drugs is undertaken for racemic mixtures of chiral environmental pollutants and therefore is inaccurate as chiral drugs usually do not exist in the form of racemic mixtures in the environment as a result of their stereoselective metabolism in the body as well as biological degradation during wastewater treatment and in the environment. These methods will therefore be very useful for environmental toxicologists working in this field. There is minimal, if any, understanding of the fate of chiral drugs in the aqueous environment, and this research broke new ground in significantly adding to the current body of knowledge. This understanding of stereoselectivity of drugs distribution in the environment will, in the longer term, be vital in making effective decisions regarding environmental risk, and will therefore benefit those government agencies responsible for the formulation and implementation of environmental policy, such as DEFRA and the Environment Agency. In the light of the research, statutory agencies and legislators will be therefore in a better position to make judgments regarding the restriction of specific pharmaceuticals which may negatively impact on human health and the wider aqueous environment. In addition, there may be grounds for legislative, procedural or policy changes in the area of water and wastewater treatment. |
Sectors | Chemicals Environment Pharmaceuticals and Medical Biotechnology |
URL | http://people.bath.ac.uk/bkh20/NEI0005341.htm |
Description | This research project provided advances in understanding of environmental transformation mechanisms of chiral drugs in the environment and opened a new area of research directed at stereoisomerism of chiral drugs in the environment. The phenomenon of chirality is of critical importance in assessing the possible risk chiral drugs might pose to human health and the environment. With a growing population and changing climate limiting accessibility of clean water and forcing new solutions based on water reuse, an understanding of stereoselective pathways of chiral drugs in the environment is vital to provide safe sustainable water resource management solutions for future generations. Outcomes of the projects were used to inform new procedures utilized in the newly-emerging interdisciplinary field of wastewater-based epidemiology which aims to provide an integrated approach towards public health monitoring at a community level based on innovative epidemiology techniques. |
First Year Of Impact | 2012 |
Sector | Chemicals,Environment,Pharmaceuticals and Medical Biotechnology |
Impact Types | Policy & public services |
Description | DTG Directed, Stereochemistry of antimicrobial agents in urban water cycle and its impacts upon the evolution of antimicrobial resistance |
Amount | £89,114 (GBP) |
Funding ID | NE/R008094/1 |
Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2018 |
End | 09/2022 |
Description | EPSRC, Project title: The fate of antimicrobials in urban wastewater and its role in the development of antimicrobial resistance |
Amount | £23,500 (GBP) |
Funding ID | 1789298 |
Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2016 |
End | 12/2019 |
Description | EU Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowships |
Amount | £260,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | 629015 |
Organisation | European Commission |
Sector | Public |
Country | European Union (EU) |
Start | 03/2014 |
End | 03/2016 |
Description | Impact of stereochemistry of antimicrobial agents on their environmental fate, biological potency and the emergence of resistance |
Amount | £161,599 (GBP) |
Funding ID | NE/N019261/1 |
Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 05/2016 |
End | 03/2018 |
Description | Industrial CASE Studentships |
Amount | £83,515 (GBP) |
Funding ID | NE/L009579/1 |
Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2014 |
End | 09/2018 |
Description | Marie Curie ITN |
Amount | € 4,200,000 (EUR) |
Funding ID | 317205 |
Organisation | European Commission |
Sector | Public |
Country | European Union (EU) |
Start | 09/2012 |
End | 09/2016 |
Description | Research Project Grants |
Amount | £225,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | RPG-2013-297 |
Organisation | The Leverhulme Trust |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 07/2014 |
End | 07/2017 |
Title | New analytical methods for the analysis of chiral drugs at enantiomeric level |
Description | New analytical methods utilising chiral liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were developed to allow enantiomeric profiling of chiral pharmacologically active compounds in environmental matrices. |
Type Of Material | Improvements to research infrastructure |
Year Produced | 2012 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | New methods allowed for studies of chiral pharmacologically active compounds in the environment and during wastewater treatment. They were fundamental in testing the hypothesis that two enantiomers of the same chiral drug, due to their different interactions with biological systems, should be recognised in environmental studies as two different substances that can elicit different responses potentially leading to changes in environmental fate and ecotoxicity of the drug. The methods were also utilized in the newly emerging, interdisciplinary field of wastewater-based epidemiology to study community-wide health. |
URL | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967312008783 |
Description | Collaboration with Astra Zeneca |
Organisation | AstraZeneca |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Private |
PI Contribution | PhD studentship: expertise, facilities, co-funded by EPSRC |
Collaborator Contribution | PhD studentship: expertise, financial contribution |
Impact | Excellent proof-of concept results, presentations. |
Start Year | 2016 |
Description | Collaboration with Environment Agency |
Organisation | Environment Agency |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | Collaboration within NE/N019261/1 project entitled: 'Impact of stereochemistry of antimicrobial agents on their environmental fate, biological potency and the emergence of resistance' |
Collaborator Contribution | Collaboration within NE/N019261/1 project entitled: 'Impact of stereochemistry of antimicrobial agents on their environmental fate, biological potency and the emergence of resistance' |
Impact | Ongoing |
Start Year | 2016 |
Description | Collaboration with Wessex Water |
Organisation | Wessex Water |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Private |
PI Contribution | expertise, equipment, facilities |
Collaborator Contribution | expertise, equipment, facilities |
Impact | Several, including academic papers: Petrie, B., Proctor, K., Youdan, J., Barden, R. and Kasprzyk-hordern, B., 2017. Critical evaluation of monitoring strategy for the multi-residue determination of 90 chiral and achiral micropollutants in effluent wastewater. Science of the Total Environment, 579, pp. 569-578. Petrie, B., Gravell, A., Mills, G. A., Youdan, J., Barden, R. and Kasprzyk-Hordern, B., 2016. In situ calibration of a new chemcatcher configuration for the determination of polar organic micropollutants in wastewater effluent. Environmental Science & Technology, 50 (17), pp. 9469-9478. Petrie, B., Youdan, J., Barden, R. and Kasprzyk-Hordern, B., 2016. A new framework to diagnose the direct disposal of prescribed drugs in wastewater - a case study of the antidepressant fluoxetine. Environmental Science & Technology, 50 (7), pp. 3781-3789. Petrie, B., Youdan, J., Barden, R. and Kasprzyk-Hordern, B., 2016. Multi-residue analysis of 90 emerging contaminants in liquid and solid environmental matrices by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1431, pp. 64-78. Petrie, B., Barden, R. and Kasprzyk-Hordern, B., 2015. A review on emerging contaminants in wastewaters and the environment:current knowledge, understudied areas and recommendations for future monitoring. Water Research, 72, pp. 3-27. |
Start Year | 2012 |
Description | 2. Kasprzyk-Hordern, Water fingerprinting for environmental and public health assessment, Kohn-funded RS-IASH workshop 2019: Ensuring water safety in a changing climate by enhanced water and wastewater treatment. The Royal Society at Chicheley Hall, Buckinghamshire, 25-26 March 2019 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Talk by Kasprzyk-Hordern on 'Water fingerprinting for environmental and public health assessment', Kohn-funded RS-IASH workshop 2019: Ensuring water safety in a changing climate by enhanced water and wastewater treatment. The Royal Society at Chicheley Hall, Buckinghamshire, 25-26 March 2019 |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | 3. Cartwright, N and Kasprzyk-Hordern, B. To understand the risks to the environment from chemicals, , Environment Agency meeting 'Working Together for a Better Environment', Bristol, 21st February 2017 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Talk on collaboration between University of Bath, Wessex Water and Environment Agency |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://www.instituteofwater.org.uk/events-info/613/ |
Description | Innovation through partnership working, DEFRA, London 15th November 2016. |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Talk at DEFRA WQ Team away day |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Kasprzyk-Hordern and Ruth Barden, 'Wastewater fingerprinting for public health assessment ', Pint of science Festival, 'Waste not, want not', 20th of May 2019, |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Talk by Kasprzyk-Hordern and Ruth Barden entitled 'Wastewater fingerprinting for public health assessment ' Pint of science Festival, 'Waste not, want not', 20th of May 2019, The Saracen's Head, 42 Broad St, Bath BA1 5LP, |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
URL | https://pintofscience.co.uk/event/waste-not-want-not |
Description | Kasprzyk-Hordern, B. ,'Water and you: green, grey and you', Pint-of-Science Festival, Bath, 2014-05-19 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Several people attended the meeting Positive feedback |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
Description | Kasprzyk-Hordern, B., 'Divining human health through urban wastewater profiling', Bath Science Café, Bath, 2014-09-08 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | >40 people attended the talk, which stimulated questions and discussions afterwards Positive feedback from the audience |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
Description | Kasprzyk-Hordern, B., 'Testing urban water for community-wide public health assessment', CCAF Symposium 'The alchemy of what we swallow', 2014-09-09, Bath |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Approximately 100 people attended Positive feedback |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
Description | Kasprzyk-Hordern, B., 2014. Urban water cycle: environmental and health perspectives, STEM CPD Day, 2014-06-18, Bath |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | Around 100 pupils attended the talk Positive feedback |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
Description | Kasprzyk-Hordern, B., Water fingerprinting of community-wide drug use assessment, Health Department of the Canton of Basel-City, Institute for Legal Medicine, university of Basel, 9th of May, Switzerland |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Talk by Kasprzyk-Hordern, B. entitled 'Water fingerprinting of community-wide drug use assessment', Health Department of the Canton of Basel-City, Institute for Legal Medicine, university of Basel, 9th of May, Switzerland |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Talk by B. Kasprzyk-Hordern, 'Lessons learned from the SewProf Project and beyond', Global Consortium for Sustainability Outcomes, Workshop 2019, River Room, King's College London, Strand Campus, WC2R 2LS London, United Kingdom |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Talk by B. Kasprzyk-Hordern, 'Lessons learned from the SewProf Project and beyond', Global Consortium for Sustainability Outcomes, Workshop 2019, River Room, King's College London, Strand Campus, WC2R 2LS London, United Kingdom (invited talk) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Talk by B. Kasprzyk-Hordern, 'Urban water fingerprinting for environmental and public health assessmen', Kwaluzu-Natal University, Durban, 1st of February 2019, South Africa |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Talk by B. Kasprzyk-Hordern, 'Urban water fingerprinting for environmental and public health assessmen', Kwaluzu-Natal University, Durban, 1st of February 2019, South Africa (invited talk) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Talk by Kasprzyk-Hordern 'Antimicrobials in water cycle: Research gaps', Israel-UK Synergy programme grant symposium and workshop, 25th and 26th April 2018:"One Health: antimicrobial resistance from mechanisms to interdisciplinary solutions" The Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Kasprzyk-Hordern, B., Castrignano E, Edler, F, 'Antimicrobials in water cycle: Research gaps', Israel-UK Synergy programme grant symposium and workshop, 25th and 26th April 2018:"One Health: antimicrobial resistance from mechanisms to interdisciplinary solutions" The Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham (invited talk) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Talk by Kasprzyk-Hordern, 'Urban water fingerprinting to inform the state of the environment and public health', University College London Chemical & Physical Society Guest Lecturer |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
Results and Impact | B. Kasprzyk-Hordern, 'Urban water fingerprinting to inform the state of the environment and public health', University College London Chemical & Physical Society Guest Lecturer 16th October 2018 (invited talk) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Talk by Kasprzyk-Hordern, B., What's Your water telling you? Urban water profiling inform the state of the environment and public health, RSC Event, Bristol, 13th Feb 2018, University of the West of England |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Kasprzyk-Hordern, B., What's Your water telling you? Urban water profiling inform the state of the environment and public health, RSC Event, Bristol, 13th Feb 2018, University of the West of England (invited talk) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Urban water profiling for community-wide public health and environmental risk assessment, University of Bath Minerva series, 3rd of May 2016. |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | talk |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |