Advective pathways of nutrients and key ecological substances in the Arctic (APEAR)
Lead Research Organisation:
NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY CENTRE
Department Name: Science and Technology
Abstract
The fast decline of Arctic sea ice in the last decades is commonly viewed as manifestation of the climate change. The sea ice reduction exposes a large area of the previously ice-covered Arctic Ocean to the atmosphere, and intensifies air-ocean exchanges. This leads to changes in ocean circulation and impacts ocean ecosystems. Due to multiple influences between ocean and sea ice the future state of the Arctic ecosystem is not well understood.
The proposed project will address changes in the ocean currents in the Arctic Ocean and the regional differences the marine ecosystems between the two provinces in the Arctic Ocean: the Atlantic and Pacific sectors. Using historical data, new observations and high-resolution ocean and ecosystem models the project will investigate current changes in the ocean currents, nutrients supply and ecologically important key substances, such as CO2. The data from the "Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate" Observational Programme (MOSAiC; see also http://www.mosaic-expedition.org/) will be used. The programme is planned to take place in 2019/2020 and will cover a large part of the Eurasian Basin and central Arctic.
The project will examine nutrient supply to the upper ocean and the changes in marine ecosystems in the future climate change scenarios for the next assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and will quantify the impact of the emerging new Arctic climate on the ecosystems, fisheries, Arctic industries and societies. The project brings together leading researchers from the UK, Germany and Sweden, building on the research expertise in the Polar Sciences. The project will facilitate a new understanding of the Arctic and climate in the UK, Europe and worldwide.
The proposed project will address changes in the ocean currents in the Arctic Ocean and the regional differences the marine ecosystems between the two provinces in the Arctic Ocean: the Atlantic and Pacific sectors. Using historical data, new observations and high-resolution ocean and ecosystem models the project will investigate current changes in the ocean currents, nutrients supply and ecologically important key substances, such as CO2. The data from the "Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate" Observational Programme (MOSAiC; see also http://www.mosaic-expedition.org/) will be used. The programme is planned to take place in 2019/2020 and will cover a large part of the Eurasian Basin and central Arctic.
The project will examine nutrient supply to the upper ocean and the changes in marine ecosystems in the future climate change scenarios for the next assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and will quantify the impact of the emerging new Arctic climate on the ecosystems, fisheries, Arctic industries and societies. The project brings together leading researchers from the UK, Germany and Sweden, building on the research expertise in the Polar Sciences. The project will facilitate a new understanding of the Arctic and climate in the UK, Europe and worldwide.
Planned Impact
The rapid decline of Arctic sea ice in the last decades is commonly viewed as manifestation of the climate change. This sea ice reduction has lead to debates in the maritime industries and beyond on the possibility of an increase industrial activities in the area, including in cargo transportation and off-shore exploration, and whether the economical benefits outweigh the risk and the potential damage to the environment. This has generated political debates over the future of the Arctic, public interest, discussions in the media and also a momentum in the Arctic research. For example there was a a Royal Society meeting on Arctic sea ice in 2014 and series of Arctic-related events, including "The Year of Polar Prediction" coordinated by the WMO and the revision of the new Polar Code for Arctic navigation completed in 2016. The knowledge of how the changing Arctic sea ice and ocean can affect the Arctic environment and what are the timescales for the change is crucial for mitigation of the climate impacts in the region and policy making. The change affects UK and international governments and businesses. Better scientifically-based predictions of Arctic sea ice, ocean and ecosystems has a substantial economical value, and also impacts social and environmental policies.
This project brings together leading researchers from the UK and Germany, with the partnership from the Sweden, capitalising on the critical mass of the expertise in the Arctic sea ice, ocean and ecosystems modelling, Arctic physical oceanography and ecosystems, and climate science.
The key practical outcome from the project will be future projections of the changes in the Arctic ecosystems during the 21st century. These projections will include analyses of model uncertainty and will quantify the impact of the emerging influence of the new Arctic physical climate on the ecosystems, helping assessments of the impact on the fisheries, Arctic industries and societies. The results will be utilised for the offshore industries, marine transport and insurance sector. They will assist making informed policy and sustainable development decisions for the Arctic regions. The principal beneficiaries will be: the climate research and forecasting centres, e.g. the UK Met Office; climate research (the IPCC); policy makers (e.g., DEFRA and FCO) and international independent advisory organisations, such as the Arctic Council and Artic Economic Council; off-shore O&G industries, shipping classification societies; environmental monitoring bodies, e.g., Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme of the Arctic Council Working Group and the general public and local communities.
This project brings together leading researchers from the UK and Germany, with the partnership from the Sweden, capitalising on the critical mass of the expertise in the Arctic sea ice, ocean and ecosystems modelling, Arctic physical oceanography and ecosystems, and climate science.
The key practical outcome from the project will be future projections of the changes in the Arctic ecosystems during the 21st century. These projections will include analyses of model uncertainty and will quantify the impact of the emerging influence of the new Arctic physical climate on the ecosystems, helping assessments of the impact on the fisheries, Arctic industries and societies. The results will be utilised for the offshore industries, marine transport and insurance sector. They will assist making informed policy and sustainable development decisions for the Arctic regions. The principal beneficiaries will be: the climate research and forecasting centres, e.g. the UK Met Office; climate research (the IPCC); policy makers (e.g., DEFRA and FCO) and international independent advisory organisations, such as the Arctic Council and Artic Economic Council; off-shore O&G industries, shipping classification societies; environmental monitoring bodies, e.g., Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme of the Arctic Council Working Group and the general public and local communities.
Organisations
- NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY CENTRE (Lead Research Organisation)
- UNIVERSITY OF READING (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE (Collaboration)
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (Collaboration)
- Alfred-Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD (Collaboration)
- Meteorological Office UK (Collaboration)
- PLYMOUTH MARINE LABORATORY (Collaboration)
- National Centre for Earth Observation (Collaboration)
- European Space Agency (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS (Collaboration)
- Aalto University (Collaboration)
- British Antarctic Survey (Collaboration)
Publications
Blockley E
(2020)
The Future of Sea Ice Modeling: Where Do We Go from Here?
in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Wilson C
(2021)
Significant variability of structure and predictability of Arctic Ocean surface pathways affects basin-wide connectivity
in Communications Earth & Environment
Allen A
(2022)
Developing a well-received pre-matriculation program: the evolution of MedFIT.
in Discover education
Hoppmann M
(2022)
Mesoscale observations of temperature and salinity in the Arctic Transpolar Drift: a high-resolution dataset from the MOSAiC Distributed Network
in Earth System Science Data
Doglioni F
(2023)
Sea surface height anomaly and geostrophic current velocity from altimetry measurements over the Arctic Ocean (2011-2020)
in Earth System Science Data
Kelly S
(2020)
They Came From the Pacific: How Changing Arctic Currents Could Contribute to an Ecological Regime Shift in the Atlantic Ocean
in Earth's Future
Clare M
(2023)
Climate change hotspots and implications for the global subsea telecommunications network
in Earth-Science Reviews
Rabe B
(2022)
Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Physical oceanography
in Elem Sci Anth
Robson J
(2020)
The Evaluation of the North Atlantic Climate System in UKESM1 Historical Simulations for CMIP6
in Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
Florindo-López C
(2020)
Arctic Ocean and Hudson Bay Freshwater Exports: New Estimates from Seven Decades of Hydrographic Surveys on the Labrador Shelf
in Journal of Climate
| Description | The key findings: changes in currents and sea ice loss lead to higher ocean temperatures, easier connectivity with global oceans, invaders and changes in Arctic productivity. We use quality-controlled observational data, validated model configurations and ocean pathways analysis for the present and future climates, along with detailed observational plans for the partners in the MOSAiC campaign, which started in October 2019 to examine future impact so fat exchanges on the Arctic ecosystems. |
| Exploitation Route | The results of the model validation and tuning is shared between the projects of the Changing Ocean programme and through the "Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate" (MOSAiC). The outputs formed a part of the United Kingdom Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership (MCCIP), http://www.mccip.org.uk/impacts-report-cards/full-report-cards/2020 and of the talk at the Cryosphere Pavilion at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP25, Madrid). |
| Sectors | Aerospace Defence and Marine Energy Environment Leisure Activities including Sports Recreation and Tourism Transport |
| Description | The members of the project lead and contributed to the following non-academic impacts. 1. Aksenov gave a talk at the Cryosphere Pavilion at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP25, Madrid). (https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_XZPKyFFME&list=PLu5U7DV5jenUOtkdM6H4qjInPVbB9Fi66?dex=17&t=0s). 2. Rabe contributed to white papers through the Ocean Observations Panel for Climate, WCRP/GOOS/GCOS and the CLIVAR Northern Oceans Regional Panel. 3. Aksenov co-authored a report for H2020 Blue Action on the environmental and policy decisions in the Yamal region. https:// zenodo.org/record/3341291#.XhcoAxf7QdU. 4. Rynders delivered a talk 'Predicting ocean waves and sea ice and the Polar Oceans' at the YOPP Arctic Science Workshop 2019, Finland. 5. Yool leads the marine biogeochemistry of the UK ESM. Through the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 he contributes to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment Report 6. (https://ukesm.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Colin_Jones_introoverview.pdf). 6. Yool was interviewed by the 'BBC Today' as part of series on the changing Arctic, broadcasted in March 2019. ( https:// www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m00035t9). 7. Rynders co-convened EGU-2019 session "Plastic in the aquatic environment". 8. Luneva presented at the Arctic Science Summit Week 2019 session. 9. Aksenov championed one of the topics of the Action Plan (AP) document for the Arctic group WG4 (Predicted Ocean) of the UN Decade of the Ocean. Besides: The initial fundings on the marginal ice zone dynamics contributed to the Year of Polar Prediction Arctic Science Workshop 2019 (https://www.polarprediction.net/meetings-calendar/science-workshops/yopp-arctic-science-workshop/). Stefanie Rynders has delivered a talk "Predicting ocean waves and sea ice and the Polar Oceans" at the meeting held in Helsinki (Finland) in January 2019; Contributed to the MCCIP report card: Hwang, B., Aksenov, Y., Blockley, E., Tsamados, M.,. Browne, T., Landy, J.,Stevens, D., Wilkinson, J., Impacts of climate change on Arctic sea ice, The United Kingdom Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership (MCCIP) 2020; Paper analysis the Arctic navigational risks and environmental safety of the marine operations has been published for the the International Union for Applied and Theoretical Mechanics Physics of Sea Ice (Springer); Co-authored forecasting methods to improve sea ice forecasting skills for the WWF monitoring (Andersson T, Hosking J, Pérez-Ortiz M, Paige B, Elliott A, Russell C., Aksenov Y.,.... Shuckburgh E, (2021). Seasonal Arctic sea ice forecasting with probabilistic deep learning. Nature Communications 12, 5124. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25257-4 ); A summary paper on the Arctic sea ice changes on the climate risks and key impacts is prepared and is in review: Blockley, E.W., Aksenov, Y., Campbell, K., Hewitt, H.T., Oltmanns, M., Screen, J. A., Tsamados, M., Impacts of climate change on Arctic sea ice, UK Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership, 2023; Aksenov co-authored a "manifesto" paper on a new cross-disciplinary subject "Socio-oceanography" (lead by K. Popova, in review). |
| First Year Of Impact | 2018 |
| Sector | Aerospace, Defence and Marine,Energy,Environment,Leisure Activities, including Sports, Recreation and Tourism,Transport |
| Impact Types | Economic Policy & public services |
| Description | A "manifesto" paper on a new cross-disciplinary subject "Socio-oceanography" (lead by K. Popova, in review). |
| Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to new or improved professional practice |
| Description | A summary paper on the Arctic sea ice changes, on the climate risks and key impacts |
| Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to new or improved professional practice |
| Description | Contribution to development the Action Plan (AP) document for the Arctic group WG4 (Predicted Ocean) of the UN Decade of the Ocean |
| Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
| Impact | Arctic Ocean Action Plan is published in June 2021 (https://www.oceandecade.dk/decade-actions/arctic-action-plan). The document influences international and national policies on the oceans for the next ten years to ensure environmental sustainability of the global oceans. |
| URL | https://www.oceandecade.dk/decade-actions/arctic-action-plan |
| Description | Informed the NEMO-SI3 modelling development strategy. |
| Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to new or improved professional practice |
| Impact | Development of the model components for the climate research to inform IPCC assessment reports 7. |
| Description | Input in the Community Ocean Wave Climate (COWCliP) intercomparison project (WMO/IPCC) |
| Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to new or improved professional practice |
| Description | (COMFORT) - Our common future ocean in the Earth system - quantifying coupled cycles of carbon, oxygen, and nutrients for determining and achieving safe operating spaces with respect to tipping points |
| Amount | € 8,482,148 (EUR) |
| Funding ID | 820989 |
| Organisation | European Commission |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | European Union (EU) |
| Start | 08/2019 |
| End | 08/2023 |
| Description | Advective pathways of nutrients and key ecological substances in the Arctic (APEAR) |
| Amount | £430,173 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | NE/R012865/1 |
| Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 06/2018 |
| End | 06/2019 |
| Description | Advective pathways of nutrients and key ecological substances in the Arctic (APEAR) |
| Amount | £252,090 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | NE/R012865/2 |
| Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 11/2019 |
| End | 12/2021 |
| Description | Biogeochemical processes and ecosystem function in changing polar systems and their global impacts (BIOPOLE) |
| Amount | £8,924,449 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | NE/W004933/1 |
| Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 03/2022 |
| End | 03/2027 |
| Description | ENCORE is the National Capability ORCHESTRA Extension (ENCORE) |
| Amount | £723,925 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | NE/V013254/1 |
| Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 03/2021 |
| End | 03/2022 |
| Description | PRE-MELT: Preconditioning the trigger for rapid Arctic ice melt |
| Amount | £105,979 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | NE/T000260/1 |
| Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 12/2019 |
| End | 05/2022 |
| Description | The North Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study |
| Amount | £2,961,049 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | NE/N018044/1 |
| Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 03/2016 |
| End | 11/2019 |
| Title | Coastal permafrost erosion model |
| Description | Generic off-line pan-Arctic modelling tool of the coastal permafrost erosion has been developed in the framework of the new coupled ocean-sea ice-waves NEMO-CICE-WW3 model and can be used in other coupled and forced ocean-wave models. The developed model follows closely Wight's model (Barnhart 2014) and calculates coastal erosion due to wave action and sea level change anomalies, with added permafrost probability and adjustment for rocky/non rocky coast. The erosion rates depend on geological permafrost temperature, probability (PEX); ice content (ACDD) and marine parameters (SST, SWH, wave period). ACDD has the required variables to calculated organic carbon, nitrate and phosphate fluxes from erosion rates. The erosion model uses inputs from the coupled ocean-sea ice-waves model and land permafrost model and allows simulating permafrost erosion rates and fluxes of the terrigeneous matter, including fluxes of carbon, nutrients and contaminants. |
| Type Of Material | Improvements to research infrastructure |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | The pan-Arctic model of the coastal permafrost erosion model can provide data on erosion rates for the current and future climate states and leads to the improved simulations of the marine biogeochemistry by accounting for the input of the land biogeochemical fluxes and land contaminants into the marine environment. The model provides coastal permafrost retreat data which allows assessing risks for the shore stability, shore settlements, on-shore structures and installations and can help coastal infrastructure development planning and climate impacts mitigation. The model can used for the ice barrier erosion assessments in the Antarctica. |
| URL | https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU22/EGU22-5807.html |
| Title | Coupled wave-ice ocean model |
| Description | Coupled wave-ice ocean global model code based on the NEMO-CICE-WW3 v3.6 configuration has been developed. The components will be made available to the NEMO modelling system. |
| Type Of Material | Improvements to research infrastructure |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | The new coupled model introduces improved simulations of the coupled processes between sea ice, waves and ocean and allows accounting for the effects of wave mixing and coastal erosion on the ocean and marine biogeochemical fluxes. The new model enables calculating risks for the off shore structure s and ships in the icy ocean environment and improve safety of the marine operations. |
| Title | Model to assess combined risks from ocean currents, tides, waves and sea ice for offshore operations in the polar oceans and ice-covered seas |
| Description | Off-line model method and tool to calculate critical loads and safety limits to navigate in sea ice has been developed in the framework of the new coupled ocean-sea ice-waves NEMO-CICE-WW3 model by Drs Stefanie Rynders and Yevgeny Aksenov. The model uses inputs from the coupled ocean-sea ice-waves model and applies newly developed dynamical and static ice loads calculations, along with the safety ice navigation limits for different ship classes and critical loads from combined effects from currents and waves. |
| Type Of Material | Improvements to research infrastructure |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | It produces timeseries and spatial maps of the loads and maps safety areas for marine operations, including ships navigation and fixed off-shore structures exploitation. The model allows assessments of the combined navigational and structural integrity risks of the fixed and floating off-shore installations from sea ice drift and compressions, ocean waves, currents and tides regionally and globally in all the seasons, as for the present day conditions, as well as for the future climates. This is essential for the marine safety planning and forecasting. |
| URL | https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-80439-8_12 |
| Title | New improved sea ice rheology (Elastic-Anisotropic-Plastic) for SI3 regional configuration of the Arctic |
| Description | New improved sea ice rheology (Elastic-Anisotropic-Plastic) has been developed for the Sea Ice Integrated Initiative SI3 and included in the NEMO ocean modelling framework for the ocean research, climate and forecasting based on the ORCA2_SAS_ICE reference configuration. The NEMO code is available from https://forge.nemo-ocean.eu/nemo/nemo. This configuration has a resolution of 1/36 degree and is a cut-out of the global 1/36 configuration: https://github.com/immerse-project/ORCA36-demonstrator. The test cases for idealised domains are also available via the NEMO4.2 code download. Code authors: Drs Stefanie Rynders and Yevgeny Aksenov. The code base is a pre-4.2.0 NEMO version, the model source code can be found in the file src_tar. |
| Type Of Material | Improvements to research infrastructure |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | The Elastic-Anisotropic-Plastic sea ice rheology simulates more accurately ice dynamics and open water leads than. the conventional rheologies, improving air-ocean momentum and heat coupling in the models. This leads to the improvement of the forecasts, CMEMS re-analysis and climate simulations. The research is done under the NERC Project "PRE-MELT" 15 (NE/T000260/1) and European Union's Horizon 2020 research and from the innovation programme under grant agreement No 821926 (project IMMERSE-Improving Models for Marine EnviRonment SErvices). The repository fulfils the public data access requirements of these projects. |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/record/6327871 |
| Title | Regional Arctic (north of ~50N) model NOC FRONTIER ARC36 NEMO-SI3 coupled sea ice-ocean model |
| Description | Regional Arctic (north of ~50N) model NOC FRONTIER ARC36 NEMO-SI3 is set up and tested at 1/36 deg. (~1.3 km) resolution, including stand-alone sea ice and coupled sea ice-ocean configurations. https://zenodo.org/record/6628486#.ZAn6fxP7RT4 |
| Type Of Material | Improvements to research infrastructure |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | NOC FRONTIER ARC36 NEMO-SI3 coupled sea ice-ocean model simulates realistic linear kinematic features (LKFs) and opening of leads. LKFs and open water leads change significantly in response to variability in the wind forcing on sub-daily scales. Model provides a promising alternative for high resolution sea ice modelling and simulations up to a very short timescale. |
| Title | Combined MIZ and pack sea ice rheology model |
| Description | The model includes the implemented combined granular rheology of Marginal Ice Zone sea ice and pack sea ice rheology. Model accounts for the impacts of sea ice fragmentation by waves on sea ice rheology and dynamics (floe size distribution is one of the prognostic parameters). The model has been developed at the National Oceanography Centre by Drs Stefanie Rynders and Yevgeny Aksenov and has been included in the coupled and forced ocean-sea ice-waves NEMO(v3.6/v4.0+)-CICE5-ECMWF-WAM/WW3 configurations. It is made freely available through the UK NERC/UKMO Joint Sea Ice Modelling Programme and is widely used by the UK research community. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/428655/; https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/428658/ |
| Type Of Material | Computer model/algorithm |
| Year Produced | 2019 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Improved sea ice rheology which include granular behaviour of sea ice in the Marginal Ice Zones (MIZ) to be used in the next generation climate models. |
| URL | https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-80439-8_13 |
| Title | Coupled wave-sea ice-ocean global model |
| Description | A fully coupled global ocean-sea ice-waves model has been developed for the model configuration NEMOv3.6-CICE5-WW3. |
| Type Of Material | Computer model/algorithm |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Improved predictions of the ocean and sea state in the ice covered areas, with applications for climate, forecasting, off-shore safety and marine industries. |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80439-8_12 |
| Title | Dataset on satellite derived Arctic sea ice thickness from Landy, J. C., Bouffard, J., Wilson, C., Rynders, S., Aksenov, Y., & Tsamados, M. (2022). Mapping Arctic Sea Ice thickness: A new method |
| Description | 2. Dataset on satellite derived Arctic sea ice thickness derived from Landy, J. C., Bouffard, J., Wilson, C., Rynders, S., Aksenov, Y., & Tsamados, M. (2022). Mapping Arctic Sea Ice thickness: A new method for improved ice freeboard retrieval from satellite altimetry are developed for the period 2010-2020. Authorea Preprints. https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01613; https://www.authorea.com/doi/full/10.1002/essoar.10506919.2 |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | For the first time Arctic sea ice thickness has been obtained from the satellite retrievals for the whole year, and dataset for 2010-2020 were created. Tn is a major data source for the climate research and for improving operational forecast for shipping safety in the Arctic. |
| Title | Improved sea ice rheology (Elastic-Anisotropic-Plastic) for the European ice model SI3 in the NEMO ocean modelling framework |
| Description | SI3 regional configuration of the Arctic. New improved sea ice rheology (Elastic-Anisotropic-Plastic) has been developed for the Sea Ice Integrated Initiative SI3 and included in the NEMO ocean modelling framework for the ocean research, climate and forecasting based on the ORCA2_SAS_ICE reference configuration. The NEMO code is available from https://forge.nemo-ocean.eu/nemo/nemo. This configuration has a resolution of 1/36 degree and is a cut-out of the global 1/36 configuration: https://github.com/immerse-project/ORCA36-demonstrator. Code authors: Drs Stefanie Rynders and Yevgeny Aksenov. The code base is a pre-4.2.0 NEMO version, the model source code can be found in the file src_tar. |
| Type Of Material | Computer model/algorithm |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Improved forecasting skills of the EU model to deliver a wide range of ultra-high ~km-scale forecasts and climate projections for IPCC AR7. |
| URL | http://forge.ipsl.jussieu.fr/nemo/browser/NEMO/trunk/src/ICE/ |
| Title | Intercalibrated dataset of in situ dissolved organic matter fluorescence from CTD casts in the Central Arctic (2012 and 2015) during Dana cruise NAACOS and POLARSTERN cruise PS94 |
| Description | Here we present a merged and calibrated dataset of temperature, practical salinity and dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorescence obtained from several Ice Tethered Profilers (ITPs) deployed across the central Arctic (2011-2016). The data offer a unique spatial coverage of the distribution of DOM in the surface 800 m below Arctic sea ice. A total of 5044 profiles are gathered. The ITP data are level 3 data products pressure-bin-averaged at 1-db vertical resolution with depth down to either 200 or approximately 750 m. Data (max 800m depth) from CTD casts made during two oceanographic cruises are also included. These were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. The presented DOM fluorescence data are smoothed, corrected for instrument drift and calibrated to provide intercomparable data across the sensors. Fluorescence is reported in Raman Units (nm-1), and comparable to laboratory measurements conducted according to current community recommendations. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Merged and calibrated dataset was used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. APEAR was linked to the dataset through the researchers engaged and in-kind contribution to the data collection and analysis provided by the AWI partner. |
| URL | https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.934366 |
| Title | Intercalibrated dataset of in situ dissolved organic matter fluorescence from ice tethered profile 48 in the Central Arctic (2011-2012) |
| Description | Here we present a merged and calibrated dataset of temperature, practical salinity and dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorescence obtained from several Ice Tethered Profilers (ITPs) deployed across the central Arctic (2011-2016). The data offer a unique spatial coverage of the distribution of DOM in the surface 800 m below Arctic sea ice. A total of 5044 profiles are gathered. The ITP data are level 3 data products pressure-bin-averaged at 1-db vertical resolution with depth down to either 200 or approximately 750 m. Data (max 800m depth) from CTD casts made during two oceanographic cruises are also included. These were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. The presented DOM fluorescence data are smoothed, corrected for instrument drift and calibrated to provide intercomparable data across the sensors. Fluorescence is reported in Raman Units (nm-1), and comparable to laboratory measurements conducted according to current community recommendations. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | These data were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. |
| URL | https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.934367 |
| Title | Intercalibrated dataset of in situ dissolved organic matter fluorescence from ice tethered profile 52 in the Central Arctic (2011) |
| Description | Here we present a merged and calibrated dataset of temperature, practical salinity and dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorescence obtained from several Ice Tethered Profilers (ITPs) deployed across the central Arctic (2011-2016). The data offer a unique spatial coverage of the distribution of DOM in the surface 800 m below Arctic sea ice. A total of 5044 profiles are gathered. The ITP data are level 3 data products pressure-bin-averaged at 1-db vertical resolution with depth down to either 200 or approximately 750 m. Data (max 800m depth) from CTD casts made during two oceanographic cruises are also included. These were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. The presented DOM fluorescence data are smoothed, corrected for instrument drift and calibrated to provide intercomparable data across the sensors. Fluorescence is reported in Raman Units (nm-1), and comparable to laboratory measurements conducted according to current community recommendations. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | These data were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. APEAR a was linked to the dataset through the researchers engaged and in-kind contribution to the data collection and analysis provided by the AWI partner. |
| URL | https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.934374 |
| Title | Intercalibrated dataset of in situ dissolved organic matter fluorescence from ice tethered profile 65 in the Central Arctic (2012-2013) |
| Description | Here we present a merged and calibrated dataset of temperature, practical salinity and dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorescence obtained from several Ice Tethered Profilers (ITPs) deployed across the central Arctic (2011-2016). The data offer a unique spatial coverage of the distribution of DOM in the surface 800 m below Arctic sea ice. A total of 5044 profiles are gathered. The ITP data are level 3 data products pressure-bin-averaged at 1-db vertical resolution with depth down to either 200 or approximately 750 m. Data (max 800m depth) from CTD casts made during two oceanographic cruises are also included. These were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. The presented DOM fluorescence data are smoothed, corrected for instrument drift and calibrated to provide intercomparable data across the sensors. Fluorescence is reported in Raman Units (nm-1), and comparable to laboratory measurements conducted according to current community recommendations. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | These data were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. APEAR was linked to the dataset through the researchers engaged and in-kind contribution to the data collection and analysis provided by the AWI partner. |
| URL | https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.934409 |
| Title | Intercalibrated dataset of in situ dissolved organic matter fluorescence from ice tethered profile 69 in the Central Arctic (2013-2014) |
| Description | Here we present a merged and calibrated dataset of temperature, practical salinity and dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorescence obtained from several Ice Tethered Profilers (ITPs) deployed across the central Arctic (2011-2016). The data offer a unique spatial coverage of the distribution of DOM in the surface 800 m below Arctic sea ice. A total of 5044 profiles are gathered. The ITP data are level 3 data products pressure-bin-averaged at 1-db vertical resolution with depth down to either 200 or approximately 750 m. Data (max 800m depth) from CTD casts made during two oceanographic cruises are also included. These were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. The presented DOM fluorescence data are smoothed, corrected for instrument drift and calibrated to provide intercomparable data across the sensors. Fluorescence is reported in Raman Units (nm-1), and comparable to laboratory measurements conducted according to current community recommendations. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | These data were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. APEAR was linked to the dataset through the researchers engaged and in-kind contribution to the data collection and analysis provided by the AWI partner. |
| URL | https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.934416 |
| Title | Intercalibrated dataset of in situ dissolved organic matter fluorescence from ice tethered profile 72 in the Central Arctic (2013) |
| Description | Here we present a merged and calibrated dataset of temperature, practical salinity and dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorescence obtained from several Ice Tethered Profilers (ITPs) deployed across the central Arctic (2011-2016). The data offer a unique spatial coverage of the distribution of DOM in the surface 800 m below Arctic sea ice. A total of 5044 profiles are gathered. The ITP data are level 3 data products pressure-bin-averaged at 1-db vertical resolution with depth down to either 200 or approximately 750 m. Data (max 800m depth) from CTD casts made during two oceanographic cruises are also included. These were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. The presented DOM fluorescence data are smoothed, corrected for instrument drift and calibrated to provide intercomparable data across the sensors. Fluorescence is reported in Raman Units (nm-1), and comparable to laboratory measurements conducted according to current community recommendations. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | These data were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. APEAR anwas Linked to the fdataset through the researchers engaged and in-kind contribution to the data collection and analysis provided by the AWI partner. |
| URL | https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.934376 |
| Title | Intercalibrated dataset of in situ dissolved organic matter fluorescence from ice tethered profile 93 in the Central Arctic (2015-2016) |
| Description | Here we present a merged and calibrated dataset of temperature, practical salinity and dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorescence obtained from several Ice Tethered Profilers (ITPs) deployed across the central Arctic (2011-2016). The data offer a unique spatial coverage of the distribution of DOM in the surface 800 m below Arctic sea ice. A total of 5044 profiles are gathered. The ITP data are level 3 data products pressure-bin-averaged at 1-db vertical resolution with depth down to either 200 or approximately 750 m. Data (max 800m depth) from CTD casts made during two oceanographic cruises are also included. These were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. The presented DOM fluorescence data are smoothed, corrected for instrument drift and calibrated to provide intercomparable data across the sensors. Fluorescence is reported in Raman Units (nm-1), and comparable to laboratory measurements conducted according to current community recommendations. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | These data were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. APEAR was Linked to the data through the researchers engaged and in-kind contribution to the data collection and analysis provided by the AWI partner. |
| URL | https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.934420 |
| Title | NOC FRONTIER ARC36 NEMO-SI3 coupled sea ice-ocean model and tests with three rheology settings |
| Description | NOC FRONTIER ARC36 NEMO-SI3 coupled sea ice-ocean model and tests with three rheology settings (aEVP, EAP and EAP-isotropic) are archived on ARCHER-II and BODC. Code, configuration settings are on ARCHER-II and at https://zenodo.org/record/6628486#.ZAn6fxP7RT4 |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | The model integrations show that sea ice concentration, lead positions (and linear kinematic features LKFs), and ice drift divergence are different in all the three rheology options. EAP shows more LKFs than the aEVP with more acute intersection angles, in better agreement with observations. In EAP LKFs change significantly in response to wind forcing variations on sub-daily scales, with aEVP less so. EAP simulations show a large degree of ice anisotropy. Isotropic settings (anisotropy is set constant=0) of EAP show a different pattern of more stepped leads, which also appear in real sea ice. This points out the key role of sea ice anisotropy evolution for realistic simulations. EAP provides a promising alternative for high resolution sea ice modelling, simulating ice plates dynamics impact on ocean eddies. |
| Title | ORCA1-CICE simulations with new mixing and sea ice melting schemes |
| Description | Results from the ORCA1-CICE model runs with different mixing schemes (TKE, GLS and modified GLS for wind and wave mixing) and different ice melting schemes using prognostic sea ice fragmentation (based on the ocean- sea ice -wave interactions model development by Drs Lucia Hosekova, Stefanie Rynders and Yevgeny Aksenov), the list runs is below. 1. Global NEMO1-control TKE, NEMO 3.6 stable + CICE 5.1, control 1with TKE vertical mixing lateral melting scheme with constant ice floes sizes, monthly output of U,V,T,S, W, vertical diffusivity and monthly output of sea ice (Hice Aice, Uice, Vice, Internal stresses, ice tendencies) and wave information (HS, Tp) 2. Global NEMO1-control GLS, NEMO 3.6 stable + CICE 5.1, control 2 with GLS vertical mixing, monthly output of U,V,T,S, W, vertical diffusivity and monthly output of sea ice (Hice Aice, Uice, Vice, Internal stresses, ice tendencies) and wave information (HS, Tp) 3. Global NEMO1-GLS, NEMO 3.6 stable + CICE 5.1, with modified GLS vertical mixing for wind effects, monthly output of U,V,T,S, W, vertical diffusivity and monthly output of sea ice (Hice Aice, Uice, Vice, Internal stresses, ice tendencies) and wave information (HS, Tp) 4. Global NEMO1-GLS, NEMO 3.6 stable + CICE 5.1, with modified GLS vertical mixing for wave effects, monthly output of U,V,T,S, W, vertical diffusivity and monthly output of sea ice (Hice Aice, Uice, Vice, Internal stresses, ice tendencies) and wave information (HS, Tp) 5. Global NEMO1-LM, NEMO 3.6 stable + CICE 5.1, with TKE vertical mixing and modified lateral melting scheme due to prognostics ice floes sizes, monthly output of U,V,T,S, W, vertical diffusivity and monthly output of sea ice (Hice Aice, Uice, Vice, Internal stresses, ice tendencies) and wave information (HS, Tp) 6. Global NEMO025-control, NEMO 3.6 stable + CICE 5.1, with TKE vertical mixing and modified lateral melting scheme with constant ice floes sizes, monthly output of U,V,T,S, W, vertical diffusivity and monthly output of sea ice (Hice Aice, Uice, Vice, Internal stresses, ice tendencies) and wave information (HS, Tp) 7. Global NEMO025-LM, NEMO 3.6 stable + CICE 5.1, with TKE vertical mixing and modified lateral melting scheme due to prognostics ice floes sizes, monthly output of U,V,T,S, W, vertical diffusivity and monthly output of sea ice (Hice Aice, Uice, Vice, Internal stresses, ice tendencies) and wave information (HS, Tp) |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | The results improve mixed layer depth simulations in the global models, providing ways to improve physical and biogeochemical model biases in the present climate model runs. The results feed in the NERC projects LTSM ORCHESTRA/ENCORE, "Towards the Marginal Arctic Sea Ice", PREMelt and LTSS CLASS and in inform the NEMO-SI3 model development strategy. |
| URL | https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/428655/ |
| Title | Off-line model to assess combined risks from ocean currents, tides, waves and sea ice for offshore operations in the polar oceans and ice-covered seas |
| Description | Off-line model to calculate critical loads and safety limits to navigate in sea ice has been developed in the framework of the new coupled ocean-sea ice-waves NEMO-CICE-WW3 model by Drs Stefanie Rynders and Yevgeny Aksenov (NOC). The model uses inputs from the coupled ocean-sea ice-waves model and applies newly developed dynamical and static ice loads calculations, along with the safety ice navigation limits for different ship classes and critical loads from combined effects from currents and waves. The model is generic and can use netcdf input from any ocean-sea ice-wave models. The model produces timeseries and spatial maps of the loads and maps safety areas for marine operations, including ships navigation and fixed off-shore structures exploitation. |
| Type Of Material | Computer model/algorithm |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | The model allows assessments of the combined navigational and structural integrity risks of the fixed and floating off-shore installations from sea ice drift and compressions, ocean waves, currents and tides regionally and globally in all the seasons, as for the present day conditions, as well as for the future climates. This is essential for the marine safety planning and forecasting. |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80439-8_12 |
| Title | Off-line pan-Arctic model of the coastal permafrost erosion |
| Description | Off-line pan-Arctic model of the coastal permafrost erosion has been developed in the framework of the new coupled ocean-sea ice-waves NEMO-CICE-WW3 model. The erosion model uses inputs from the coupled ocean-sea ice-waves model and land permafrost model and allows simulating permafrost erosion rates and fluxes of the terrigeneous matter, including fluxes of carbon, nutrients and contaminants. The developed model follows closely Wight's model (Barnhart 2014) and calculates coastal erosion due to wave action and sea level change anomalies, with added permafrost probability and adjustment for rocky/non rocky coast. The erosion rates depend on geological permafrost temperature, probability (PEX); ice content (ACDD) and marine parameters (SST, SWH, wave period). ACDD has the required variables to calculated organic carbon, nitrate and phosphate fluxes from erosion rates. |
| Type Of Material | Computer model/algorithm |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Arctic coastal erosion is an increasing problem via threat to infrastructure, also it affects the marine environment. Arctic coast is mainly soft sediment permafrost. Sea ice protection is decreasing, leading to increased erosion from waves and melting. The pan-Arctic model of the coastal permafrost erosion model leads to the improved simulations of the marine biogeochemistry by accounting for the input of the land biogeochemical fluxes and land contaminants into the marine environment. The model offers quantitative assessments of the future erosion trends, informing mitigation scenarios of the coastal structure integrity and settlements safety. The model can be used to assess melting and collapse of the ice barrier from the waves in the Antarctica and sea level rise. |
| URL | https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU22/EGU22-5807.html |
| Title | Physical oceanography based on Ocean City CTD during POLARSTERN cruise PS122 |
| Description | This data set contains the hydrographic profile data collected with a CTD rosette in a shelter on the ice (Ocean City) during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC). The CTD is an SBE911plus with 12 bottles, 5 liters each, operated with a small winch and crane in the shelter on the ice. The data set contains calibrated and quality-controlled parameters (temperature, conductivity, oxygen and their derived variables) as well as only pre-cruise calibrated parameters where no post-cruise calibration or quality control was applied (all other). CDOM fluorescence data are the exception. Quality control was performed but data have to be handled with care, as the sensor seems to have broken down during leg 3 such that no post-cruise calibration could be applied. The data are provided as text file (all cruise legs in one file) as well as in netCDF format (one file per cruise leg). The accuracy for salinity and conductivity is 0.004 while the accuracy for temperature is 0.002. Additional information on the sensor used for the final data set, the water depth as well as the availability of profile or bottle data is given in a separate info-text-file.Contact: Sandra.Tippenhauer@awi.deQuality flags are given based on paragraph 6. "Quality flags" from https://www.seadatanet.org/content/download/596/file/SeaDataNet_QC_procedures_V2_%28May_2010%29.pdf. QC flag meanings: 0 = unknown, 1 = good_data, 2 = probably good_data, 3 = probably bad data, 4 = bad data set to nan.This work was carried out and data was produced as part of the international Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of the Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) with the tag MOSAiC20192020. We thank all persons involved in the expedition of the Research Vessel Polarstern during MOSAiC in 2019-2020 (AWI_PS122_00) as listed in Nixdorf et al. (2021). |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | APEAR and PREMelt were Linked to the MOSAiC expedition through the researchers engaged in the MOSAIC Teams and in-kind contribution to the data collection and analysis provided by the AWI partner. |
| URL | https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.959964 |
| Title | Physical oceanography water bottle samples based on Ocean City CTD during POLARSTERN cruise PS122 |
| Description | This data set contains the hydrographic water sample data collected with a CTD rosette in a shelter on the ice (Ocean City) during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC). The CTD is an SBE911plus with 12 bottles, 5 liters each, operated with a small winch and crane in the shelter on the ice. The data set contains calibrated and quality-controlled parameters (temperature, conductivity, oxygen and their derived variables) as well as only pre-cruise calibrated parameters where no post-cruise calibration or quality control was applied (all other). CDOM fluorescence data are the exception. Quality control was performed but data have to be handled with care, as the sensor seems to have broken down during leg 3 such that no post-cruise calibration could be applied. Due to issues during processing SPAR data is missing in the bottle data. The data are provided as text file (all cruise legs in one file) as well as in netCDF format (one file per cruise leg). The accuracy for salinity and conductivity is 0.004 while the accuracy for temperature is 0.002. Additional information on the sensor used for the final data set, the water depth as well as the availability of profile or bottle data is given in a separate info-text-file. Contact: Sandra.Tippenhauer@awi.deQuality flags are given based on paragraph 6. "Quality flags" from https://www.seadatanet.org/content/download/596/file/SeaDataNet_QC_procedures_V2_%28May_2010%29.pdf. QC flag meanings: 0 = unknown, 1 = good_data, 2 = probably good_data, 3 = probably bad data, 4 = bad data set to nan.This work was carried out and data was produced as part of the international Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of the Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) with the tag MOSAiC20192020. We thank all persons involved in the expedition of the Research Vessel Polarstern during MOSAiC in 2019-2020 (AWI_PS122_00) as listed in Nixdorf et al. (2021). |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | APEAR and PREMelt were Linked to the MOSAiC expedition through the researchers engaged in the MOSAIC Teams and in-kind contribution to the data collection and analysis provided by the AWI partner. |
| URL | https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.959966 |
| Title | Regional summaries from Arctic high-resolution sea ice-ocean forced modelling hindcasts (2008-2021) and forced modelling projections (2000-2050) as part of the PRE-MELT project. |
| Description | Two sea ice-ocean forced modelling datasets (hindcasts and projections) were produced to analyse oceanic impacts on retreat of the Arctic sea-ice pack in the high Arctic, from areas of the Transpolar drift, north of Greenland and in the Fram Strait in the present and future climates and how those are linked to the changes in the Arctic ecosystems. The model outputs span the Arctic Ocean proper and the sub-Arctic seas, covering the near-present (2008-2021: hindcasts) and future climate (2000-2050: projections). The forced modelling hindcasts were generated using the Global Ocean and Sea Ice GO8p7, developed under the Joint Marine Modelling Programme (JMMP), a collaboration between NOC, BAS and the UK Met Office. GO8p7 is based on NEMO v4.0 and the SI3 sea ice model and includes a package of modifications, including a scale-dependent Gent and McWilliams parameterisation, partial slip lateral boundary conditions south of 50°S and 4th-order horizontal tracer advection. The present simulation done under the ACSIS NCLTS-M programme was integrated with the Japanese 55-year atmospheric analysis JRA55 (v1.3-do) from 1958 to 2021. The monthly and 5-day averages of the key sea-ice and ocean fields for the pan-Arctic and Greenland regions were created and combined into 4-D files for easy data handling. The forced modelling projections were generated using the NEMOv4.2-SI3 common NOC-UK MetOffice configuration (G8.7) coupled to the MEDUSA ecosystem model. The forcing fields were from the UK ESM1.1 model SSP370 integrations. Monthly averages of the key sea-ice, ocean and biogeochemical fields for the pan-Arctic and Greenland regions for the end of each of the decades 2020, 2030, 2040, and 2050 were created and combined into 4-D files for easy data handling. The sea ice model output for both datasets were validated against the AMSR-E satellite sea-ice concentrations, as well as the CryoSat-2 and SMOS sea-ice thickness datasets. These data were produced by National Oceanography Centre (NOC) scientists under Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) project PRE-MELT (grant references NE/T001399/1, NE/T000260/1, NE/T000546/1). Additional funding from NERC projects Advective pathways of nutrients and key ecological substances in the Arctic (APEAR, NE/R012865/1); Can we detect changes in Arctic ecosystems? (ARISE, NE/P006000/1); Arctic PRoductivity in the seasonal Ice ZonE (Arctic PrIZE, NE/P006078/1). These projects were funded under the NERC/BMBF Changing Arctic Ocean Programme, from NERC NCLTS-M Earth System Modelling programme (ESM, NE/N018036/1) and The North Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study (ACSIS, NE/N018044/1). Funding also came from NCLTS-S programme Climate Linked Atlantic Sector Science (CLASS, NE/R015953/1); European Commission grant Coordinated Research in Earth Systems and Climate: Experiments, kNowledge, Dissemination and Outreach (CRESCENDO, 641816), and finally European Union's Horizon 2020 project: Our common future ocean in the Earth system - quantifying coupled cycles of carbon, oxygen, and nutrients for determining and achieving safe operating spaces with respect to tipping points (COMFORT, 820989). |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | The datasets of hindcasts and projections with sea ice-ocean forced models were used to analyse oceanic impacts on retreat of the Arctic sea-ice pack in the high Arctic, from areas of the Transpolar drift, north of Greenland and in the Fram Strait in the present and future climates and how those are linked to the changes in the Arctic nutrients pathways and ecosystems. |
| URL | https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/0a44e341-65b5-35f5-e063-6c86abc... |
| Title | Steric height and bottom pressure water equivalent derived from mooring data at the shelf break north of the Arctic Cape |
| Description | This dataset has been created as a comparative dataset for assessment of satellite-derived sea level anomaly in the publication Doglioni et al. (2022). The dataset includes two time series, one of steric height and another of bottom pressure equivalent height, respectively computed from moored temperature and salinity data and ocean bottom pressure records at the Arctic Cape shelf break. Data were collected between October 2015 and July 2018 in the framework of the project Changing Arctic Transpolar System (CATS mooring AK3). Temperature and salinity were linearly interpolated between the shallowest sensor (50 m) and the deepest sensor (1448 m) onto a regular pressure grid with vertical spacing of 2 m. Constant extrapolation was performed above the shallowest sensor and no extrapolation was performed below the deepest sensor. Temperature and salinity vertical profiles were converted into density profiles using the Matlab sw_dens routine (Fofonoff & Millard, 1983). Bottom pressure records are detided using the Matlab routine t_tide (Pawlowicz et al., 2002) and instrumental drifts were removed. Steric height and bottom pressure equivalent height time series were averaged into monthly time steps. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | APEAR was linked to the CATS analysis through the AWI researchers engagement in the both projects and in-kind contribution to the data collection and analysis provided by the AWI partner. |
| URL | https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.931878 |
| Title | Transient tracers (CFC-12 and SF6), noble gases (He and Ne isotopes), and Tritium measurements from POLARSTERN cruise PS122 (MOSAiC, 2019-2020) |
| Description | We present a data set of oceanic trace gases collected during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC, PS122) expedition, during which the R/V Polarstern drifted along with the Arctic sea ice from the Laptev Sea to Fram Strait, from October 2019 to September 2020. During the expedition, trace gases from anthropogenic origin chlorofluorocarbon 12 (CFC-12), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and tritium, along with noble gases helium and neon and their isotopes were collected at a weekly or higher temporal resolution throughout the entire water column and occasionally in the snow, from the ship and from the ice. This trace gases data set can be used for process studies and water mass tracing throughout the Arctic in subsequent analysis.Transient tracers (CFC-12, SF6)The CFC-12 and SF6 water samples from the CTD-bottle systems were stored in ~220 ml glass ampoules by avoiding contact to the atmosphere during the tapping by a dedicated tubing and rinsing procedure. After sampling, the ampoules are flame sealed after a headspace of pure nitrogen had been applied. The determination of CFC-12 and SF6 concentrations in the IUP Bremen gas chromatography lab is accomplished by purge and trap (cryogenic trapping at -65°C) sample pre-treatment of a precise water volume of 140 ml followed by gas chromatographic separation on a capillary column and electron capture detection (ECD). After thermal desorption the released gases are separated on a pre-column of type Aluminia Bond/CFC, 0.54 mm ID x 3m, and a main column of type Aluminia BOND/CFC, 0.54 mm ID x 30 m. SF6 and CFC-12 are then detected on a micro-ECD. The analytical system is calibrated frequently by analyzing different volumes of known standard gas concentrations. The loss of CFCs and SF6 into the headspace is considered by equilibration between liquid and gas phase under controlled conditions before the sealed ampoules are opened and the volume of the headspace was precisely measured. A more detailed description of the measurement system is given by Bulsiewicz et al. (1998). CFC-12 concentrations are reported in pmol/kg and SF6 in fmol/kg, both reported on SIO98 scale (Prinn et al., 2000). 271 samples were analyzed successfully, including 43 pairs of replicate samples that were each averaged for the final data set. The precision of the measurement, based on the comparison of the replicate samples, is 1% or 0.003 pmol/kg for CFC-12 (whichever is greatest) and 2% or 0.02 fmol/kg for SF6 (whichever is greatest). The accuracy for CFC-12 is 2% or 0.005 pmol/kg (whichever is greatest) and for SF6 is 3% or 0.03 fmol/kg (whichever is greatest), including errors of calibration, linearity, standard-gas, gas volumes for calibration, water volume, gas loss into the head-space, and calibration scale.Noble gases (3He, 4He, 20Ne, 22Ne)The water samples were stored from the CTD/water bottle systems (ship and Ocean City) without contact to atmospheric air into 40 ml gas tight copper tubes, which are clamped of at both sides. In the IUP Bremen noble gas lab the samples were pre-processed with a UHV (ultra-high vacuum) gas extraction system. Sample gases are transferred via water vapour into a glass ampoule kept at liquid nitrogen temperature. For analysis of the noble gas isotopes the glass ampoules are connected to a fully automated UHV mass spectrometric system equipped with a two stage cryogenic system and a quadrupole and a sector-field mass spectrometer. Regularly, the system is calibrated with atmospheric air standards (reproducibility < 0.2%). Measurement of line blanks and linearity are done as well. The performance of the Bremen facility is described in Sültenfuß et al. (2009). Noble gas concentrations are reported in nmol/kg for He and Ne; d 3He is reported in %. The precision for He is 0.4%, 0.7% for Ne and 0.8% for d3He (based on the 25 pairs of replicate measurements).Tritium (3H)The samples were stored in 500 ml plastic water bottles from the CTD/water bottle systems (ship and Ocean City). Additionally, we took 9 samples from snow into 2x500 ml plastic bottles during leg 3. In the IUP Bremen noble gas lab the water samples were pre-processed with a gas extraction system for complete degassing and were then stored for several months. During that time, part of the tritium (3H) decayed by beta-decay to helium 3 (3He). The new produced 3He was then analysed by the same mass spectrometer system as for the noble gases. Tritium concentrations reported here are scaled to the 1st January 2020 and referred to as TU2020. Concentrations are given in TU (tritium unit), where 1 TU is the ratio of 1 tritium atom to 10^18 hydrogen atoms. Typical errors for this data set is 0.04TU or 3% whatever is larger.AcknowledgmentThese data were produced as part of the international Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of the Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) with the tag MOSAiC20192020 (AWI_PS122_00). We thank all those who contributed to MOSAiC and made this endeavor possible, as listed in Nixdorf et al. (2021). CH was funded by Vetenskapsrådet grant number 2018-03859 awarded to CH, project Why is the deep Arctic Ocean Warming? (WAOW), and acknowledge support from the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat for berth fees onboard MOSAiC. MW gratefully acknowledge the funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) - Project Number 268020496-TRR 172, within the Transregional Collaborative Research Center "ArctiC Amplification: Climate Relevant Atmospheric and SurfaCe Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms (AC)3. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | APEAR and PREMelt were Linked to the MOSAiC expedition through the researchers engaged in the MOSAIC Teams and in-kind contribution to the data collection and analysis provided by the AWI partner. |
| URL | https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.961729 |
| Title | Tritium in snow measurements from POLARSTERN cruise PS122 (MOSAiC, 2019-2020) |
| Description | We present a data set of tritium in snow collected during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC, PS122) expedition, during which the R/V Polarstern drifted along with the Arctic sea ice from the Laptev Sea to Fram Strait, from October 2019 to September 2020. During the expedition, tritium data were collected occasionally in the snow, from the ship and from the ice.We took 9 samples from snow into 2x500 ml plastic bottles during leg 3. In the IUP Bremen noble gas lab the water samples were pre-processed with a gas extraction system for complete degassing and were then stored for several months. During that time, part of the tritium (3H) decayed by beta-decay to helium 3 (3He). The new produced 3He was then analysed by the same mass spectrometer system as for the noble gases. Tritium concentrations reported here are scaled to the 1st January 2020 and referred to as TU2020. Concentrations are given in TU (tritium unit), where 1 TU is the ratio of 1 tritium atom to 10^18 hydrogen atoms. Typical errors for this data set is 0.04TU or 3% whatever is larger.AcknowledgmentThese data were produced as part of the international Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of the Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) with the tag MOSAiC20192020 (AWI_PS122_00). We thank all those who contributed to MOSAiC and made this endeavor possible, as listed in Nixdorf et al. (2021). CH was funded by Vetenskapsrådet grant number 2018-03859 awarded to CH, project Why is the deep Arctic Ocean Warming? (WAOW), and acknowledge support from the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat for berth fees onboard MOSAiC. MW gratefully acknowledge the funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) - Project Number 268020496-TRR 172, within the Transregional Collaborative Research Center "ArctiC Amplification: Climate Relevant Atmospheric and SurfaCe Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms (AC)3. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | APEAR and PREMelt were Linked to the MOSAiC expedition through the researchers engaged in the MOSAIC Teams and in-kind contribution to the data collection and analysis provided by the AWI partner. |
| URL | https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.961738 |
| Title | Wave-sea ice-ocean global model NEMOv3.6-CICE5-WIM-ECWAM |
| Description | A partially coupled global ocean-sea ice-waves model has been developed by Drs Lucia Hosekova, Yevgeny Aksenov and Stefanie Rynders (NOC) for the model configuration NEMOv3.6-CICE5-WIM-ECWAM. The model has a fully interactive sea ice-wave model component - the Waves in Ice Module (WIM) which accounts for the process of the sea ice break up by waves, wave attenuation and propagation inside sea ice cover, wave-induced ocean mixing and melting of broken ice floes. The CICE5 model features a combined collisional-pack ice rheology, Elastic-Viscous-Plastic-Collisional rheology (EVPC) also developed and implemented by Drs Stefanie Rynders and Yevgeny Aksenov from the theoretical and analytical development by Feltham (2005), with several updates, including numerical solver for sea ice kinetic energy (granular temperature) evolution, and wave surge pressure. CICE5-WIM module simulates prognostic parameters of the sea ice floe sizes distribution, while using semi-empirical power law reconstruction of the floe sizes distribution after wave break up. CICE5-WIM modelling component is fully coupled to the ocean model NEMO and the whole modelling system is forced with the atmospheric re-analysis DFS5 and the wave fields from ECMWF wave model WAM (ECWAM). The partially coupled model has been configured and tested for the decadal integrations at 1 deg. and 1/4 deg. horizontal resolution (NEMO model grid). Digital Object Identifier 10.1007/978-3-030-80439-8_12 |
| Type Of Material | Computer model/algorithm |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | The model improves predictions of the ocean and sea state in the ice covered areas, with applications for climate, forecasting, off-shore safety and marine industries by providing additional and more accurate information on the sea state in the ice-covered oceans, ice drift and dynamical ice stresses, ice fragmentation and floe sizes and the state of the upper ocean and mixed layer. The model development improved mixed layer depth simulations in the global models, providing ways to improve physical and biogeochemical model biases in the present climate model runs. The model is not more computationally expensive to run than conventional NEMO-CICE model, opening a way for the multi-decadal present and future climate simulations. The results feed in the NERC projects LTSM ORCHESTRA/ENCORE, "Towards the Marginal Arctic Sea Ice", PREMelt and LTSS CLASS and in inform the NEMO-SI3 model development strategy. |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80439-8_12 |
| Description | "Eddy Properties and Impacts in the Changing Arctic" (EPICA) |
| Organisation | Alfred-Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research |
| Department | Geoscientific Department |
| Country | Germany |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | High-resolution simulations of ocean NEMO model coupled to the novel sea ice model SI3 to assess impacts of (sub)mesoscale eddies in the Arctic Ocean, during the MOSAiC period on sea ice, mixing, transport of water masses in the ocean, and small-scale turbulent processes. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The project partners will combine the high-resolution modelling capabilities offered by the multi-resolution Finite volumE Sea ice-Ocean Model (FESOM) with the unique year-round data collected during the MOSAiC campaign; will synthesize the observational data with model results to study processes forming eddies, understand the importance of eddies for the ocean, sea ice and air-sea exchange, estimate ocean internal variability relative to forced variability, and derive eddy diffusivity which can help to improve eddy parameterisations, thus the fidelity of climate models. |
| Impact | High resolution model integrations and comparison with MOSAiC data. |
| Start Year | 2021 |
| Description | EU ALBATROSS Programme lead by ESA on global tides in polar areas from models and satellites. |
| Organisation | European Space Agency |
| Country | France |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | Collaboration between NOC (external partner) and EU ALBATROSS Programme lead by ESA on global tides in polar areas from models and satellites is focused on improvement of tidal simulations in climate large scale models. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Partners deliver global tides data from satellites and advanced tidal hydrodynamical modelling. |
| Impact | Global tides data from satellites has been collected. |
| Start Year | 2020 |
| Description | Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) Programme |
| Organisation | Alfred-Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research |
| Country | Germany |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Retreating Arctic sea ice is expected to change the way the ocean interacts with the atmosphere, which will affect the Arctic ecosystems. Te partnership helps to understand how the sea ice decline and the longer summer season will change the pathways of nutrients which enter the Arctic Ocean from the Atlantic and Pacific. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The partners are to examine how the differences between parts of the Arctic ecosystem may change and combine in situ measurements from MOSAiC fieldwork with ultra-high-resolution computer modelling to quantify current and future changes in the Arctic ecosystems. |
| Impact | A full year of extreme sea-ice and atmosphere conditions in the Eurasian Arctic: the OCEAN environment during MOSAiC Benjamin Rabe1, Céline Heuzé2, and the MOSAiC OCEAN Team: Yevgeny Aksenov , NOCS ; Jacob Allerholt , AWI ; Marylou Athanase , LOCEAN-IPSL ; Chris Basque , WHOI ; Dorothea Bauch , GEOMAR ; Till Baumann , UiB ; Dake Chen , SIO ; Silvia Cole , WHOI ; Sam Cornish , U Oxford ; Lisa Craw , U Tasmania ; Andrew Davies , WHOI ; Dmitry Divine , NPI/HAVOC ; Francesca Doglioni , AWI ; Falk Ebert , Herder-Gymnasium Berlin ; Carina Engicht , AWI ; Ying-Chih Fang , AWI ; Ilker Fer , UIB ; Mats Granskog , NPI/HAVOC ; Rainer Graupner , AWI ; Hailun He , SIO China ; Yan He , FIO ; Céline Heuzé , U Gotheburg ; Mario Hoppmann , AWI ; Markus Janout , AWI ; David Kadko , FIU ; Torsten Kanzow , AWI ; Salar Karam , U Gothenburg ; Yusuke Kawaguchi , Uni. Tokyo ; Zoe Koenig , UIB ; Bin Kong , FIO ; Rick Krishfield , WHOI ; David Kuhlmey , AWI ; Ivan Kuznetsov , AWI ; Musheng Lan , PRIC ; Ruibo Lei , PRIC ; Tao Li , OUC ; Long Lin , SIO ; Hailong Liu , SJTU ; Na Liu , FIO ; Xiaobing Ma , FIO ; Rosalie MacKay , NTNU ; Maria Mallet , AWI ; Robbie Mallet , UCL ; Wieslaw Maslowski , NPS ; Christian Mertens , Uni Bremen ; Volker Mohrholz , IOW ; Matthias Monsees , AWI ; Morven Muilwijk , UiB ; Jeff O'Brien , WHOI ; Algot Peterson , UIB ; Pierre Priou , U Newfoundland ; Benjamin Rabe , AWI ; Julia Regnery , AWI ; Jian Ren , SIO ; Natalia Ribeiro Santos , U Tasmania ; Janin Schaffer , AWI ; Ingo Schuffenhauer , IOW ; Kirstin Schulz , AWI ; William Shaw , NPS ; Timothy Stanton , NPS ; Mark Stephens , FIU ; Jie Su , OUC ; Natalia Sukhikh , Uni Bremen ; Arild Sundfjord , NPI/HAVOC ; Sandra Tippenhauer , AWI ; John Toole , WHOI ; Pedro Torre , NTNU ; Jutta Vernaleken , AWI ; Myriel Vredenborg , AWI ; Hangzhou Wang , ZJU ; Lei Wang , BMU ; Yuntao Wang , SIO ; Bai Youcheng , SIO ; Jinping Zhao , OUC ; Meng Zhou , SJTU ; Jialiang Zhu , OUC., EGU21-1794, updated on 10 Mar 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-1794 EGU General Assembly 2021 |
| Start Year | 2018 |
| Description | Programme "Wave-induced structural gradients in Antarctic sea ice cover, ANTGRAD" |
| Organisation | Aalto University |
| Country | Finland |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Collaboration between NOC (external partner), the Aalto University, Finland (programme lead) and Finish Meteorological Institute has been set-up in the Programme "Wave-induced structural gradients in Antarctic sea ice cover, ANTGRAD". The programme runs 2021-2024 and examines ocean energy decay in the ice-covered regions to understand impacts on the future ocean climates and improve both the observational capacities and the model development for the climate research and forecasting in the ice-covered oceans. The programme includes modelling, remote sensing, lab experiments in the Aalto Ice Tank and measurement using Agulhas II. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The programme includes modelling, remote sensing, lab experiments in the Aalto Ice Tank and measurements on sea ice and waves using Agulhas II. |
| Impact | Data on sea ice and waves in the Southern Ocean to validate model performance have been collected during Agulhas II cruise. Undergoes QC checks, will be publicly available. |
| Start Year | 2021 |
| Description | The next phase of the Community Ocean Wave Climate (COWCliP) model intercomparison project. https://cowclip.org/ |
| Organisation | Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation |
| Country | Australia |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | NOC participates in the next phase the next phase of the Community Ocean Wave Climate (COWCliP) model intercomparison project, led by CSIRO, Australia, and endorsed by WMO/IPCC. https://cowclip.org/ . This is a worldwide collaboration between ocean-sea ice-wave modelling groups. NOC provides climate simulations with global wave-NEMO-sea ice model, for the current and future projected climates. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Partners provide climate simulations from ensembles of global waves models. |
| Impact | Project has just started. |
| Start Year | 2022 |
| Description | UK LTS-M Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study Programme (ACSIS)" (NE/N018044/1) |
| Organisation | British Antarctic Survey |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Impact | Publication: Robson, J., Aksenov, Y., Bracegirdle, T. J., Dimdore-Miles, O., Griffiths, P. T., Grosvenor, D. P., ... & Wilcox, L. J. (2020). The evaluation of the North Atlantic climate system in UKESM1 historical simulations for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(9), e2020MS002126. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | UK LTS-M Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study Programme (ACSIS)" (NE/N018044/1) |
| Organisation | Meteorological Office UK |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Impact | Publication: Robson, J., Aksenov, Y., Bracegirdle, T. J., Dimdore-Miles, O., Griffiths, P. T., Grosvenor, D. P., ... & Wilcox, L. J. (2020). The evaluation of the North Atlantic climate system in UKESM1 historical simulations for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(9), e2020MS002126. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | UK LTS-M Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study Programme (ACSIS)" (NE/N018044/1) |
| Organisation | National Centre for Earth Observation |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Impact | Publication: Robson, J., Aksenov, Y., Bracegirdle, T. J., Dimdore-Miles, O., Griffiths, P. T., Grosvenor, D. P., ... & Wilcox, L. J. (2020). The evaluation of the North Atlantic climate system in UKESM1 historical simulations for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(9), e2020MS002126. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | UK LTS-M Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study Programme (ACSIS)" (NE/N018044/1) |
| Organisation | Plymouth Marine Laboratory |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Impact | Publication: Robson, J., Aksenov, Y., Bracegirdle, T. J., Dimdore-Miles, O., Griffiths, P. T., Grosvenor, D. P., ... & Wilcox, L. J. (2020). The evaluation of the North Atlantic climate system in UKESM1 historical simulations for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(9), e2020MS002126. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | UK LTS-M Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study Programme (ACSIS)" (NE/N018044/1) |
| Organisation | University of Cambridge |
| Department | Department of Chemistry |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Impact | Publication: Robson, J., Aksenov, Y., Bracegirdle, T. J., Dimdore-Miles, O., Griffiths, P. T., Grosvenor, D. P., ... & Wilcox, L. J. (2020). The evaluation of the North Atlantic climate system in UKESM1 historical simulations for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(9), e2020MS002126. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | UK LTS-M Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study Programme (ACSIS)" (NE/N018044/1) |
| Organisation | University of Leeds |
| Department | School of Earth and Environment |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Impact | Publication: Robson, J., Aksenov, Y., Bracegirdle, T. J., Dimdore-Miles, O., Griffiths, P. T., Grosvenor, D. P., ... & Wilcox, L. J. (2020). The evaluation of the North Atlantic climate system in UKESM1 historical simulations for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(9), e2020MS002126. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | UK LTS-M Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study Programme (ACSIS)" (NE/N018044/1) |
| Organisation | University of Oxford |
| Department | Department of Physics |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Impact | Publication: Robson, J., Aksenov, Y., Bracegirdle, T. J., Dimdore-Miles, O., Griffiths, P. T., Grosvenor, D. P., ... & Wilcox, L. J. (2020). The evaluation of the North Atlantic climate system in UKESM1 historical simulations for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(9), e2020MS002126. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | UK LTS-M Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study Programme (ACSIS)" (NE/N018044/1) |
| Organisation | University of Reading |
| Department | Department of Meteorology |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Impact | Publication: Robson, J., Aksenov, Y., Bracegirdle, T. J., Dimdore-Miles, O., Griffiths, P. T., Grosvenor, D. P., ... & Wilcox, L. J. (2020). The evaluation of the North Atlantic climate system in UKESM1 historical simulations for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(9), e2020MS002126. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Title | ARC36 stand-alone SI3 Arctic configuration |
| Description | SI3 regional configuration of the Arctic This is a configuration of the NEMO community ocean model based on the ORCA2_SAS_ICE reference configuration. The NEMO code is available from https://forge.nemo-ocean.eu/nemo/nemo. This configuration has a resolution of 1/36 degree and is a cut-out of the global 1/36 configuration: https://github.com/immerse-project/ORCA36-demonstrator. The code base is a pre-4.2.0 NEMO version, the model source code can be found in the file src_tar. Model setup Follow the instructions on https://sites.nemo-ocean.io/user-guide/index.html to download and install the NEMO model version 4.2.0. Swap the src directory for the one in the tar file src_tar. Compile the ORCA2_SAS_ICE reference configuration. Put the rest of the files in this zenodo archive in the EXP00 directory, except the namelist_cfg_for_DOMAINcfg file which goes into tools/DOMAINcfg along with the grid files to be downloaded later. The files provided include example configuration namelist files namelist_cfg and namelist_ice_cfg. The atmospheric forcing used is the Drakkar forcing set (DFS) version 5.2, year 2008. The atmospheric forcing is interpolated on-the-fly, using the weights files. The weights were calculated using the nemo WEIGHTS tool. For the ocean (bottom) boundary the World Ocean Atlas 2018 multidecadal monthly averages are used. The data is already interpolated onto the ARC36 grid. Interpolation was done using the SOSIE tool. Files provided are monthly averages of sea surface salinity and temperature. Finally, the model grid domain_cfg.nc needs to be created. Download the ORCA36 files from ftp://ftp.mercator-ocean.fr/download/users/cbricaud/BENCH-ORCA36-INPUT.tar.gz, see the ORCA36 demonstrator github page. The necessary files are the coordinates and bathymetry files. To cut out the Arctic domain use ncks -F -d y,7000,,1 in.nc out.nc. Put in tools/DOMAINcfg and use the DOMAINcfg NEMO tool to create the domain_cfg.nc file using the file namelist_cfg_for_DOMAINcfg as namelist_cfg. The resulting file is large (122GB) therefore executing in parallel mode is required. The individual processor files need to be merged into one, use the REBUILD_NEMO tool. Put the resulting domain_cfg.nc file into EXP00 and run NEMO following the instructions. The ARC36 configuration was set up and run on ARCHER2 using 594 NEMO processors and 12 XIOS processors. |
| Type Of Technology | Software |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Open Source License? | Yes |
| Impact | The Elastic-Anisotropic-Plastic sea ice rheology simulates more accurately ice dynamics and open water leads than. the conventional rheologies, improving air-ocean momentum and heat coupling in the models. This leads to the improvement of the forecasts, CMEMS re-analysis and climate simulations. The research is done under the NERC Project "PRE-MELT" 15 (NE/T000260/1) and European Union's Horizon 2020 research and from the innovation programme under grant agreement No 821926 (project IMMERSE-Improving Models for Marine EnviRonment SErvices). The repository fulfils the public data access requirements of these projects. |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/record/6327871 |
| Title | ARC36 stand-alone SI3 Arctic configuration |
| Description | SI3 regional configuration of the Arctic This is a configuration of the NEMO community ocean model based on the ORCA2_SAS_ICE reference configuration. The NEMO code is available from https://forge.nemo-ocean.eu/nemo/nemo. This configuration has a resolution of 1/36 degree and is a cut-out of the global 1/36 configuration: https://github.com/immerse-project/ORCA36-demonstrator. The code base is a pre-4.2.0 NEMO version, the model source code can be found in the file src_tar. Model setup Follow the instructions on https://sites.nemo-ocean.io/user-guide/index.html to download and install the NEMO model version 4.2.0. Swap the src directory for the one in the tar file src_tar. Compile the ORCA2_SAS_ICE reference configuration. Put the rest of the files in this zenodo archive in the EXP00 directory, except the namelist_cfg_for_DOMAINcfg file which goes into tools/DOMAINcfg along with the grid files to be downloaded later. The files provided include example configuration namelist files namelist_cfg and namelist_ice_cfg. The atmospheric forcing used is the Drakkar forcing set (DFS) version 5.2, year 2008. The atmospheric forcing is interpolated on-the-fly, using the weights files. The weights were calculated using the nemo WEIGHTS tool. For the ocean (bottom) boundary the World Ocean Atlas 2018 multidecadal monthly averages are used. The data is already interpolated onto the ARC36 grid. Interpolation was done using the SOSIE tool. Files provided are monthly averages of sea surface salinity and temperature. Finally, the model grid domain_cfg.nc needs to be created. Download the ORCA36 files from ftp://ftp.mercator-ocean.fr/download/users/cbricaud/BENCH-ORCA36-INPUT.tar.gz, see the ORCA36 demonstrator github page. The necessary files are the coordinates and bathymetry files. To cut out the Arctic domain use ncks -F -d y,7000,,1 in.nc out.nc. Put in tools/DOMAINcfg and use the DOMAINcfg NEMO tool to create the domain_cfg.nc file using the file namelist_cfg_for_DOMAINcfg as namelist_cfg. The resulting file is large (122GB) therefore executing in parallel mode is required. The individual processor files need to be merged into one, use the REBUILD_NEMO tool. Put the resulting domain_cfg.nc file into EXP00 and run NEMO following the instructions. The ARC36 configuration was set up and run on ARCHER2 using 594 NEMO processors and 12 XIOS processors. Animation The animation has been created from daily average of sea ice fraction from the 1/36° Arctic NEMO-SI3 model integrations with the EAP rheology. The animation has started on the 00:00 of the 1st January 2008 and carried out through the January. It shows a limited area of the model domain north of Fram Strait. The lower concentrations correspond to the opening leads, with "blurred" leads and some multiple signatures due to ice displacement and data averaging over 1-day periods. Acknowledgements: EU IMMERSE (Grant agreement ID: 821926), NERC APEAR project (NE/R012865/1, NE/R012865/2, #03V01461), part of the Changing Arctic Ocean programme; EU H2020 COMFORT (no. 820989); NERC PRE-MELT (NE/T000546/1), and LTS-S CLASS (NE/R015953/1). ARCHER UK National Supercomputing and JASMIN facilities. |
| Type Of Technology | Software |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Impact | Regional Arctic (north of ~50N) model NOC FRONTIER ARC36 NEMO-SI3 is set up and tested at 1/36 (~1.3 km) resolution, including stand-alone sea ice and coupled sea ice-ocean configurations (Open Source). This is a configuration of the NEMO community ocean model based on the global 1/36 configuration https://github.com/immerse-project/ORCA36-demonstrator . The code base is 4.2 NEMO version with SI3 sea ice model. Follow the instructions on https://sites.nemo-ocean.io/user-guide/index.html to download and install the NEMO mode. The ARC36 configuration is set up and run on ARCHER2 using 2000 processors. (See also Tools & Methods.) https://zenodo.org/record/6628486#.ZAn6fxP7RT4 |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/record/6628486 |
| Title | Combined sea ice rheology code |
| Description | Fortran90 model code to account for the impacts of sea ice fragmentation by waves on sea ice rheology and dynamics. The model has been developed at the National Oceanography Centre by Drs Stefanie Rynders and Yevgeny Aksenov and has been included in the coupled and forced ocean-sea ice-waves NEMO(v3.6/v4.0+)-CICE5-ECMWF-WAM/WW3 configurations. |
| Type Of Technology | Software |
| Year Produced | 2019 |
| Open Source License? | Yes |
| Impact | It is made freely available through the UK NERC/UKMO Joint Sea Ice Modelling Programme and is widely used by the UK research community. |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80439-8_13 |
| Title | Coupled wave-sea ice-ocean global model |
| Description | A fully coupled global ocean-sea ice-waves model has been developed for the model configuration NEMOv3.6-CICE5-WW3. 2022. Code author: Dr Stefanie Rynders. |
| Type Of Technology | Software |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Open Source License? | Yes |
| Impact | Improved predictions of the ocean and sea state in the ice covered areas, with applications for climate, forecasting, off-shore safety and marine industries. |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80439-8_12 |
| Title | Matlab model code and scripts to analyse reversibility of the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice cover in the IPCC CMIP models. |
| Description | Matlab model code and scripts to analyse reversibility of the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice cover in the IPCC CMIP models. The model code has been successfully applied to the CMIP6 set of models ran under the CDR-MIP scenarios with different CO2 emission pathways. The code is generic and can be used with netcdf data input stored on NEMO or geographical grids (author Stefanie Rynders). |
| Type Of Technology | Software |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Impact | Matlab model code and scripts analyse reversibility of the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice cover in the IPCC CMIP models. The model code has been successfully applied to the CMIP6 set of models ran under the CDR-MIP scenarios with different CO2 emission pathways. The code is generic and can be used with netcdf data input stored on NEMO or geographical grids. The code will, be available in 2023 (a paper on results to be submitted) |
| Title | Mixing modules in NEMO |
| Description | Ocean mixing modules for the NEMO system model v3.6 and 4.0. distributed under the CeCILL FREE SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT. |
| Type Of Technology | Software |
| Year Produced | 2020 |
| Open Source License? | Yes |
| Impact | The wave mixing module improves simulations of the oceanic mixed layer, ocean heat content and sea ice in the Arctic and Souther Ocean. The modelling research community is informed on the model development, which is used as an open source for the scientific research. |
| URL | http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/428655 |
| Title | Off-line Matlab model code to automatically detect ocean gyres in the barotropic flow. |
| Description | Off-line Matlab model code to automatically detect ocean gyres in the barotropic flow. The code is generic and can be used with netcdf data input stored on NEMO or geographical grids (author Stefanie Rynders). |
| Type Of Technology | Software |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Impact | The code to automatically detect ocean gyres in the barotropic flow from the barotropic stream functions, allowing to find out the largest connected oceanic gyres and examine their variability for ocean circulation analysis in the climate models. The code is generic and can be used with netcdf data input stored on NEMO or geographical grids (author Stefanie Rynders). |
| Title | Off-line generic pan-Arctic model code of the coastal permafrost erosion |
| Description | Off-line pan-Arctic Matlab model code of the coastal permafrost erosion has been developed for the framework of the new coupled ocean-sea ice-waves NEMO-CICE-WW3 model at the National Oceanography Centre by Dr Stefanie Rynders. The code is generic and can be used with netcdf data input from wave-ocean models. |
| Type Of Technology | Software |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Impact | The pan-Arctic model of the coastal permafrost erosion model can provide data on erosion rates for the current and future climate states and leads to the improved simulations of the marine biogeochemistry by accounting for the input of the land biogeochemical fluxes and land contaminants into the marine environment. The model provides coastal permafrost retreat data which allows assessing risks for the shore stability, shore settlements, on-shore structures and installations and can help coastal infrastructure development planning and climate impacts mitigation. The model can used for the ice barrier erosion assessments in the Antarctica. |
| URL | https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU22/EGU22-5807.html |
| Title | Off-line model code to assess combined risks from ocean currents, tides, waves and sea ice for offshore operations in the polar oceans and ice-covered seas |
| Description | Off-line Matlab model code to calculate critical loads and safety limits to navigate in sea ice has been developed in the framework of the new coupled ocean-sea ice-waves NEMO-CICE-WW3 model by Drs Stefanie Rynders and Yevgeny Aksenov (NOC). The model uses inputs from the coupled ocean-sea ice-waves model and applies newly developed dynamical and static ice loads calculations, along with the safety ice navigation limits for different ship classes and critical loads from combined effects from currents and waves. The model is generic and can use netcdf input from any ocean-sea ice-wave models. The model produces timeseries and spatial maps of the loads and maps safety areas for marine operations, including ships navigation and fixed off-shore structures exploitation. |
| Type Of Technology | Software |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Impact | The model software allows off-line assessments of the combined navigational and structural integrity risks of the fixed and floating off-shore installations from sea ice drift and compressions, ocean waves, currents and tides regionally and globally in all the seasons, as for the present day conditions, as well as for the future climates. This is essential for the marine safety planning and forecasting. |
| URL | https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-80439-8_12 |
| Title | Off-line pan-Arctic Matlab model code to calculate wave heights, sea ice total area and sea ice extent and coastal erosion by Arctic geographical sectors (Western, Canadian, west Siberian and East Siberian) and in the specified locations |
| Description | 2. Off-line pan-Arctic Matlab model code to calculate wave heights, sea ice total area and sea ice extent and coastal erosion by Arctic geographical sectors (Western, Canadian, west Siberian and East Siberian) and in the specified locations. The code is generic and can be used with netcdf data input from wave-ocean models (authors Yevgeny Aksenov and Stefanie Rynders). |
| Type Of Technology | Software |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Impact | The code serves to compare model output with available data. |
| Title | Sea ice types and provinces diagnostics software |
| Description | Python and Matlab diagnostics software to detect polynyas and different ice provinces (Marginal Ice Zone, pack ice, interior open water, etc.) in the model output and satellite data. The detection algorithm takes into account sea ice concentration, thickness and proximity to the coast and position/clustering of information grid cells inside ice zone. Code authors: Stefanie Rynders and Ben Barton (NOC). |
| Type Of Technology | Software |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Impact | Allows classification of sea ice provinces in the variety of data and for the salt flux and dense water analysis. |
| URL | https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/428655/ |
| Description | Action Plan (AP) document for the Arctic group WG4 (Predicted Ocean) of the UN Decade of the Ocean |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Championed one of the topics of the Action Plan (AP) document for the Arctic group WG4 (Predicted Ocean) of the UN Decade of the Ocean |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| Description | Interview for BBC Radio 4 Arctic special "Today" programme |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Aksenov has been interviewed on the BBC Radio 4 Arctic special for the "Today" programme aired Thur the 14 Mar on the changes in the Artic and links with the industrial applications. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Linking Science and Policy: participated in the training by UN, webinar series "Enhancing International Scientific Cooperation: Arctic Science and Technology Advice with Ministries", organised by Division for Multilateral Diplomacy, United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), Feb-Mar 2022 (online). |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | Took part in the science -policy dialogue on engaging Science and Policy through UN webinar series "Enhancing International Scientific Cooperation: Arctic Science and Technology Advice with Ministries", organised by Division for Multilateral Diplomacy, United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), Feb-Mar 2022 (online). Environmental minsters from the Arctic Circle countries, along with the Arctic Council representatives were participating in the exchange. The communication barriers between Arctic scientific communities and policy we discussed and actions to overcome these were suggested. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | Presentation at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP25) in Madrid for the Cryosphere Pavilion: "The New Arctic: The impact of change in Arctic Ocean sea ice on marine ecosystems and maritime industries?" |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | Presented at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP25) in Madrid. Delivered a talk at the Cryosphere Pavilion on the scientific evidence for climate change impacts in the Arctic and the consequences. Title: The New Arctic: The impact of change in Arctic Ocean sea ice on marine ecosystems and maritime industries |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |