Beyond the instrumental record: Reconstructing Atlantic overturning over the past 7000 yrs (ReconAMOC)
Lead Research Organisation:
University College London
Department Name: Geography
Abstract
The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) - part of the so-called 'ocean conveyor belt' - is a key component of Earth's climate system. It involves the northward transport of warm surface waters to the high latitude North Atlantic, where they cool (releasing heat to the atmosphere), sink and flow back southwards at depth. Changes in the AMOC are thought to alter global temperature and precipitation patterns, regional sea-level, and socio-economically important marine ecosystems.
There are concerns regarding the strength and stability of AMOC in the future. This is because predicted surface ocean warming and freshening could weaken the formation of dense water that helps drive the AMOC. Earlier research suggests that the AMOC may have different stable states, raising the possibility that the AMOC could rapidly switch to a weaker, or even an 'off', state, having a severe impact on global climate. IPCC models do not predict an abrupt weakening of the AMOC under typical 21st century scenarios; yet there are suggestions that current climate models may be excessively stable.
NERC and the international community have invested heavily in monitoring the AMOC, including the implementation of the RAPID array since 2004 and more recently the OSNAP array. Since observations began in 2004, AMOC has weakened at a rate ten times faster than predicted by most models. Yet the extent to which this decline can be attributed to natural multi-decadal variability is uncertain. The limited time span of the RAPID array means we are unable to gain an understanding of the nature of AMOC variability on timescales longer than interannual-to-decadal. Therefore we must turn to geological archives to reconstruct AMOC changes beyond the instrumental record. Yet there are no existing records to provide perspective on recent AMOC variability at multi-decadal and longer timescales.
Using recent, novel techniques to constrain past variability, coupled with exceptional sediment archives, ReconAMOC will constrain past AMOC variability on decadal to centennial timescales, generating records for the last 7000 years that will become benchmark constraints on AMOC behaviour. We will focus on the past 7000 years because the climate was not dramatically different to the present day, and remnant glacial ice sheets had melted away so that the major features of deep Atlantic circulation were broadly similar to modern.
ReconAMOC deploys a twin approach that utilizes (i) the characteristic subsurface temperature AMOC fingerprint, and (ii) the deep western boundary current response to AMOC change. We have verified these new paleoclimate approaches against variability in the instrumental record and demonstrated their applicability through an extensive pilot study. ReconAMOC is therefore a low risk yet ambitious project, bringing together an international team of collaborators, that will meet a long-sought and much-needed requirement of a wide range of climate scientists and modellers.
ReconAMOC will enable testing and improvement of model simulations of AMOC that help facilitate assessment of the vulnerability of the AMOC to climate change, and permit the investigation of the role of AMOC on other components of the climate system. The topics addressed by ReconAMOC are key research targets at national UK (e.g. identified strategic science themes and goals within the NERC strategy) and international (e.g. CMIP6, IMAGESII, SCOR, PAGES, IODP and NSF) levels. Specifically, the ReconAMOC proposal builds on the NERC programmes RAPID, RAPID-WATCH, and RAPID-AMOC, in which interannual to multi-decadal variability in the AMOC is a central focus, as well as NERC programme ACSIS examining interannual to decadal climate variability in the Atlantic.
There are concerns regarding the strength and stability of AMOC in the future. This is because predicted surface ocean warming and freshening could weaken the formation of dense water that helps drive the AMOC. Earlier research suggests that the AMOC may have different stable states, raising the possibility that the AMOC could rapidly switch to a weaker, or even an 'off', state, having a severe impact on global climate. IPCC models do not predict an abrupt weakening of the AMOC under typical 21st century scenarios; yet there are suggestions that current climate models may be excessively stable.
NERC and the international community have invested heavily in monitoring the AMOC, including the implementation of the RAPID array since 2004 and more recently the OSNAP array. Since observations began in 2004, AMOC has weakened at a rate ten times faster than predicted by most models. Yet the extent to which this decline can be attributed to natural multi-decadal variability is uncertain. The limited time span of the RAPID array means we are unable to gain an understanding of the nature of AMOC variability on timescales longer than interannual-to-decadal. Therefore we must turn to geological archives to reconstruct AMOC changes beyond the instrumental record. Yet there are no existing records to provide perspective on recent AMOC variability at multi-decadal and longer timescales.
Using recent, novel techniques to constrain past variability, coupled with exceptional sediment archives, ReconAMOC will constrain past AMOC variability on decadal to centennial timescales, generating records for the last 7000 years that will become benchmark constraints on AMOC behaviour. We will focus on the past 7000 years because the climate was not dramatically different to the present day, and remnant glacial ice sheets had melted away so that the major features of deep Atlantic circulation were broadly similar to modern.
ReconAMOC deploys a twin approach that utilizes (i) the characteristic subsurface temperature AMOC fingerprint, and (ii) the deep western boundary current response to AMOC change. We have verified these new paleoclimate approaches against variability in the instrumental record and demonstrated their applicability through an extensive pilot study. ReconAMOC is therefore a low risk yet ambitious project, bringing together an international team of collaborators, that will meet a long-sought and much-needed requirement of a wide range of climate scientists and modellers.
ReconAMOC will enable testing and improvement of model simulations of AMOC that help facilitate assessment of the vulnerability of the AMOC to climate change, and permit the investigation of the role of AMOC on other components of the climate system. The topics addressed by ReconAMOC are key research targets at national UK (e.g. identified strategic science themes and goals within the NERC strategy) and international (e.g. CMIP6, IMAGESII, SCOR, PAGES, IODP and NSF) levels. Specifically, the ReconAMOC proposal builds on the NERC programmes RAPID, RAPID-WATCH, and RAPID-AMOC, in which interannual to multi-decadal variability in the AMOC is a central focus, as well as NERC programme ACSIS examining interannual to decadal climate variability in the Atlantic.
Planned Impact
Who will benefit, and how, from this research?
1. Policy makers and associated stakeholders (including environmental organisations and private corporations) involved in marine and climate strategy decisions over a range of timescales.
Future projections of climate change (derived from global climate models) are used to develop not only climate policy, but also a wide range of other long-term strategies - such as for the management of marine ecosystems and resources. It is necessary to assess whether these projections adequately capture the instability of the AMOC and the abrupt climate change that could ensue as a result of passing tipping points. At present there is a relatively limited suite of proxy reconstructions that are available for this task and there is a crucial need to expand this offering, so that a fuller understanding of the complex mechanisms and feedbacks acting throughout the climate system can be gained and predictive capabilities improved. The ReconAMOC project will provide previously unavailable information on the role that the AMOC plays in decadal to millennial scale climate change. The reconstructions produced will help validate and improve the climate models that are used to predict future climate change and its impacts (e.g. CMIP6 models). Hence, they are of direct policy relevance for national and international governmental climate change programmes, and will help provide society with the information it requires to manage the future global environment.
2. School students.
Understanding past climate changes now forms a part of the Key Stage 3 curriculum, and the expertise of university researchers can be used to help inform and educate school students and their teachers on areas of topical research. By working with schools to help educate pupils, university researchers can help enthuse a younger generation about Earth's climate system and climate change. ReconAMOC will develop teaching tools through collaboration with two schools that can then be disseminated more widely to aid the education of upper school Geographers.
3. General public understanding of science
The widespread international media coverage (TV, radio, press) of our recent publication (Thornalley et al., 2018, Nature) demonstrates that we can communicate to the lay community that high-resolution investigations into global changes in the recent past can be exciting and relevant. We will show how changes in the circulation of the Atlantic play an important role in controlling societally relevant, decadal to century time scale variability in the climate system.
1. Policy makers and associated stakeholders (including environmental organisations and private corporations) involved in marine and climate strategy decisions over a range of timescales.
Future projections of climate change (derived from global climate models) are used to develop not only climate policy, but also a wide range of other long-term strategies - such as for the management of marine ecosystems and resources. It is necessary to assess whether these projections adequately capture the instability of the AMOC and the abrupt climate change that could ensue as a result of passing tipping points. At present there is a relatively limited suite of proxy reconstructions that are available for this task and there is a crucial need to expand this offering, so that a fuller understanding of the complex mechanisms and feedbacks acting throughout the climate system can be gained and predictive capabilities improved. The ReconAMOC project will provide previously unavailable information on the role that the AMOC plays in decadal to millennial scale climate change. The reconstructions produced will help validate and improve the climate models that are used to predict future climate change and its impacts (e.g. CMIP6 models). Hence, they are of direct policy relevance for national and international governmental climate change programmes, and will help provide society with the information it requires to manage the future global environment.
2. School students.
Understanding past climate changes now forms a part of the Key Stage 3 curriculum, and the expertise of university researchers can be used to help inform and educate school students and their teachers on areas of topical research. By working with schools to help educate pupils, university researchers can help enthuse a younger generation about Earth's climate system and climate change. ReconAMOC will develop teaching tools through collaboration with two schools that can then be disseminated more widely to aid the education of upper school Geographers.
3. General public understanding of science
The widespread international media coverage (TV, radio, press) of our recent publication (Thornalley et al., 2018, Nature) demonstrates that we can communicate to the lay community that high-resolution investigations into global changes in the recent past can be exciting and relevant. We will show how changes in the circulation of the Atlantic play an important role in controlling societally relevant, decadal to century time scale variability in the climate system.
Organisations
- University College London (Lead Research Organisation)
- United Nations (UN) (Collaboration)
- University of Paris-Saclay (Project Partner)
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (Project Partner)
- CARDIFF UNIVERSITY (Project Partner)
- UNIVERSITY OF EXETER (Project Partner)
- Max Planck Institutes (Project Partner)
- National University of Ireland, Galway (Project Partner)
Publications
Spooner P
(2020)
Exceptional 20th Century Ocean Circulation in the Northeast Atlantic
in Geophysical Research Letters
Brierley C
(2020)
Large-scale features and evaluation of the PMIP4-CMIP6 <i>midHolocene</i> simulations
in Climate of the Past
Brown J
(2020)
Comparison of past and future simulations of ENSO in CMIP5/PMIP3 and CMIP6/PMIP4 models
in Climate of the Past
O'Brien C
(2021)
Exceptional 20th Century Shifts in Deep-Sea Ecosystems Are Spatially Heterogeneous and Associated With Local Surface Ocean Variability
in Frontiers in Marine Science
Caesar L
(2021)
Current Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation weakest in last millennium
in Nature Geoscience
Zhao A
(2022)
Analysing the PMIP4-CMIP6 collection: a workflow and tool (pmip_p2fvar_analyzer v1)
in Geoscientific Model Development
Selway C
(2022)
An Outlook for the Acquisition of Marine Sedimentary Ancient DNA ( sed aDNA) From North Atlantic Ocean Archive Material
in Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
Caesar L
(2022)
Reply to: Atlantic circulation change still uncertain
in Nature Geoscience
Thornalley D
(2022)
Can we use mud to understand climate change?
in Futurum Careers
Brierley C
(2023)
Indian Ocean variability changes in the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project
in Climate of the Past
Jiang Z
(2023)
No changes in overall AMOC strength in interglacial PMIP4 time slices
in Climate of the Past
Jiang Z
(2023)
No Consistent Simulated Trends in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation for the Past 6,000 Years
in Geophysical Research Letters
Description | At the end of Year 4, a key finding this work has contributed to is establishing that model simulations suggest that there is no significant difference between the strength of the so-called overturning circulation of the Atlantic (the AMOC; the conveyor circulation) between the postindustrial period and and 6000 years ago (when there were stronger summers in the norther hemisphere) as simulated by a collection of cutting edge climate models. This suggests that the AMOC is relatively stable to this kind of climate forcing. However our ongoing work is looking at AMOC simulations in more detail to see if there were changes in how it was circulating, despite its overall strength in models being similar. These model data provide an important output with which to compare to our paleo-reconstructions that the project is generating. So far our proxy data are revealing that there has been limited variability in the AMOC over the last 6000 years (less than +/- 5% variability), and then 10-15% decline during the industrial era, that is exceptional. These records are being finalized and submitted for publication. Ongoing work is examining higher frequency (multi-decadal) variability and improving our constraints on the timing of the recent decline, and linking them to different parts of the AMOC system. |
Exploitation Route | Others may compare past climate reconstructions to the climate model results to test mechanisms of climate change and how well climate models are performing. Other climate researchers will be able to use our forthcoming AMOC reconstructions to assess its role in past climate change |
Sectors | Environment |
Description | Our publications have been cited in the IPCC AR6 WG1 report released in 2021. They have also been cited in a Scottish government policy report on marine resources, and the latest Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership Report on Ocean Circulation. Our results have also been presented to a group of school teachers to make them aware of the changes occurring in the oceans, and resources generated for use by school children. |
First Year Of Impact | 2020 |
Sector | Education,Environment |
Impact Types | Societal Policy & public services |
Description | Citation in IPCC |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Citation in other policy documents |
URL | https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/#FullReport |
Description | Citation in IPCC |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Citation in other policy documents |
URL | https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/#FullReport |
Description | Citation in Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership Ocean Circulation Report (https://www.mccip.org.uk/ocean-circulation) |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Citation in systematic reviews |
URL | https://www.mccip.org.uk/ocean-circulation |
Description | Cited in policy brief for the Scottish Government: "Changing ocean state and its impact on natural capital" |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Citation in other policy documents |
URL | https://www.iatlantic.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Changing_Ocean_State_Briefing_ScottishGov.pdf |
Description | IPCC WG1 AR6, Chap 3 |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
URL | https://www.ipcc.ch/ar6-syr/ |
Description | Explaining and Predicting the Ocean Conveyor (EPOC) |
Amount | € 7,999,760 (EUR) |
Funding ID | 101059547-EPOC |
Organisation | European Commission H2020 |
Sector | Public |
Country | Belgium |
Start | 06/2022 |
End | 06/2027 |
Description | Intra-interglacial variability: are warmer periods climatically more unstable? |
Amount | £639,544 (GBP) |
Funding ID | NE/V001620/1 |
Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 04/2021 |
End | 11/2025 |
Title | Holocene subpolar North Atlantic surface ocean temperatures |
Description | ReconAMOC is generating multiple records of past surface ocean temperatures in the North Atlantic ocean during the Holocene |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2020 |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | The database is being used in a manuscript about to be submitted for publication |
Title | Marine sediment grain size data for the Deep Western Boundary Current |
Description | High resolution downcore marine sediment grain size data (sortable silt) used to constrain the strength of the Deep Western Boundary Current in the Northwest Atlantic over the past 7000 years (and longer) |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2023 |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | Dataset currently being analysed for publication |
Description | PMIP4 - a part of the IPCC |
Organisation | United Nations (UN) |
Country | United States |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | PI Thornalley and Co-I Brierley, along with technician help funded under ReconAMOC contributed to analyzing the latest PMIP4 climate model outputs and writing a manuscript. Brierley was lead author. The analysis of AMOC using PMIP4 models was one of the objectives of ReconAMOC. |
Collaborator Contribution | Numerous other PMIP4 scientists contributed to analyzing data and contributing to writing the publication. |
Impact | Brierley, C. M., Zhao, A., Harrison, S. P., Braconnot, P., Williams, C. J. R., Thornalley, D. J. R., Shi, X., Peterschmitt, J.-Y., Ohgaito, R., Kaufman, D. S., Kageyama, M., Hargreaves, J. C., Erb, M. P., Emile-Geay, J., D'Agostino, R., Chandan, D., Carré, M., Bartlein, P., Zheng, W., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Q., Yang, H., Volodin, E. M., Tomas, R. A., Routson, C., Peltier, W. R., Otto-Bliesner, B., Morozova, P. A., McKay, N. P., Lohmann, G., Legrande, A. N., Guo, C., Cao, J., Brady, E., Annan, J. D., and Abe-Ouchi, A.: Large-scale features and evaluation of the PMIP4-CMIP6 midHolocene simulations (2020)., Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2019-168. |
Start Year | 2019 |
Description | 16th Deep Sea Biology Symposium |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | 16th Deep Sea Biology Symposium (Online presentation, 14th September 2021) Exceptional 20th century shifts in deep-sea ecosystems are spatially heterogeneous and associated with local surface ocean variability Charlotte L. O'Brien, Peter T. Spooner, Jack Hudak Wharton, Eirini Papachristopoulou, Nicolas Dutton, David Fairman, Rebecca Garratt, Tianying Li, Francesco Pallottino, Fiona Stringer and David J. R. Thornalley Presentation at a conference our group doesn't normally engage with, but which includes a range of marine policy makers and industry attendees. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://wwz.ifremer.fr/16dsbs |
Description | 30th Anniversary of the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | Building and using the PMIP databases, Chris Brierley & Jean-Yves Peterschmitt, at the 30th Anniversary of the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (2nd Dec online) This was a talk to inform potential users (the broader climate modelling community) about how to fully utilize the PMIP (past climate model) database. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://premc.org/pmip30years/program/ |
Description | European Geosciences Union conference 2021 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | EGU 2021, Online presentation, 30th April 2021 Variable response of North Atlantic deep-sea benthic ecosystems to industrial-era climate change Charlotte L. O'Brien, Peter T. Spooner, Jack Wharton, Eirini Papachristopoulou, Nicolas Dutton, David Fairman, Rebecca Garratt, Tianying Li, Francesco Pallottino, Fiona Stringer, David J. R. Thornalley |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://www.egu21.eu/ |
Description | Fawcett Lecture for Secondary School Geography teachers on the "Oceans and UK Climate" |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | About 55 secondary school geography teachers, from schools around the UK, attended an online lecture and Q&A hosted by the Institute of Education. The purpose was to provide them with basic knowledge of how ocean circulation operates and why it matters, and up-to-date information about major changes occurring in the North Atlantic and their impact on UK climate. This is to help facilitate their teaching of the subject to their students. There was plenty of questions and discussion afterwards. The event will be followed up by providing them with teaching resources that are being developed as part of ReconAMOC, working with the outreach company Futurum - as part of our Impact Plan. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://www.geog.ucl.ac.uk/resources/information-for-schools/fawcett-lectures |
Description | Futurum article and school work activities |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | Worked with Futurum to create an article for 14-19 year olds to learn about careers in science. Numerous related resources including a worksheet/lesson plan and video animation were produced. Approx 4000 views of youtube video; awaiting altimetrics on article. Article https://futurumcareers.com/can-we-use-mud-to-understand-climate-change Activity sheet in the activity sheet landing page: https://futurumcareers.com/stem-shape-activity-sheets Animation on website: https://futurumcareers.com/CAN-WE%20USE-MUD-TO-UNDERSTAND-CLIMATE-CHANGE.mp4 and on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rQw59CCSu2A |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022,2023 |
URL | https://futurumcareers.com/can-we-use-mud-to-understand-climate-change |
Description | Interview for national and international news and media |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | My Nature Geoscience publication, funded by ReconAMOC, on 25th/26th Feb 2021 generated high profile media/public interest. I worked extensively with the UCL Communications on the press release. Widespread interviews and coverage of Nature Geoscience 2021 paper on national TV evening news (Sky News), radio (Times Radio) and newspapers (including front-page main headline for the Guardian; Financial Times, The Times, Telegraph, Daily Mail, Independent, Washington Post, New York Times, as well as German and Indian papers), and extensive online coverage. The paper is in the top 99th percentile for Altmetrics. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/feb/25/atlantic-ocean-circulation-at-weakest-in-a-mille... |
Description | Interview/media commentary for international newspapers |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Expert opinion provided on Ditlevsen & Ditlevsen 2023 paper, in the Guardian, Irish Times and Weekendavisen (Europe's oldest newspaper still in print), and online E&E, Scientific American, and Live Science. TV interview for Canada's national evening news Global National. Context was provided on the idea of an approaching tipping point based on results of our own research on recent AMOC changes. Journalists used comments and quotes to write their articles. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
Description | Interviews to media about new Boers 2021 paper on AMOC tipping point |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Interviewed for Boer 2021 Nature Climate Change study on AMOC tipping points: Quoted in articles Daily Mail and Guardian; and a live 5min interview for BBC News 24 (6th Aug) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/aug/05/climate-crisis-scientists-spot-warning-signs-of-... |
Description | Invited evening talk (Ribble Rivers Trust) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Invited evening talk to the Ribble Rivers Trust, discussing climate change and changing North Atlantic circulation and its impact on the UK |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://ribbletrust.org.uk/ |
Description | Media interviews on AMOC tipping point |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Expert opinion provided to MailOnline about the UK climate impacts of AMOC collapse, as well as US Newsweek article, related to the Van Western et al 2024 paper |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
URL | https://www.newsweek.com/vital-ocean-current-approaching-tipping-point-atlantic-climate-change-18750... |
Description | PAGES-PMIP webinar |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Many different modelling groups from around the world have performed past climate simulations for several time periods. A substantial quantity of output from these simulations is freely available for download through the machinery of the Earth System Grid Federation. Small subsets of this data are available elsewhere, such as from the IPCC's Interactive Atlas. This seminar aimed to help people find and use those data from the PMIP simulations that would be useful for their own research. It introduced which climate models and periods have been used in PMIP, how to find out what data is available and where, how to download that data and its format, and then highlight some code and tools available to help process that data. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://pastglobalchanges.org/news/pages-webinars-december-2021 |
Description | Podcast for P3 Dystopia |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Podcast interview with P3 Dystopia, Swedish public radio and Sweden's largest podcast, on AMOC weakening. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020,2023 |
URL | https://sverigesradio.se/avsnitt/golfstrommens-kollaps |
Description | UCL Generation One campaign article on what Britain would look like if the AMOC weakened |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
Results and Impact | Interview with UCL Generation One campaign to raise awareness of climate issues, in this case the Gulf Stream system. Target audience is the UCL community (largely undergraduates) but also the general public. Over 1500 people pledged to take action. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://www.ucl.ac.uk/climate-change/stories/what-would-britain-be-if-gulf-stream-changed-course |
Description | VISSES Doctoral School - Big Picture Talk - Vienna University |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
Results and Impact | ~50 or so attended an online debate on the role of the Gulf Stream system on European climate and society, sparking discussion and hoping to motivate undergraduates to have interest in the subject area |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |