Sources for Gravitational Wave Astronomy
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Southampton
Department Name: School of Mathematics
Abstract
With the first generation of highly sensitive gravitational wave detectors operating at design sensitivity, this is an exciting time for general relativity and astrophysics. With upgrades to advanced detectors planned and the space based detector LISA due for launch around 2015, we hope to soon be able to use gravitational wave data to learn more about the Universe. With its potential for probing otherwise dark or hidden processes, gravitational wave astronomy promises to change our understanding of, in particular, black holes and neutron stars significantly. The information gleaned will be complementary to that from electromagnetic observations. However, we need to improve our current models of the predicted sources. Better models are needed not only to detect the gravitational waves in the first place, but also to probe as much physics as possible. This research proposal builds on the Southampton General Relativity Group's expertise in black hole, neutron star and gravitational wave astrophysics, and is aimed at developing a deeper understanding of how gravitational waves are emitted by black holes and neutron stars, and how the signals can be used to provide information about the involved physics. The proposed programme is of a highly interconnected nature with four different projects requiring similar methodology (e.g. general relativistic perturbation theory or numerical simulations) and physics input (e.g. superfluidity, magnetic fields or gravitational radiation reaction). The overall aim is to develop significantly improved models for gravitational waves from a range of astrophysical scenarios involving compact objects. Neutron stars are unique astrophysical laboratories, the modelling of which requires much poorly known physics. In order to investigate their properties, one must combine supranuclear physics with magnetohydrodynamics, a description of superfluids and superconductors, potentially exotic phases of matter like a deconfined quark-gluon plasma and, of course, general relativity. Since they can radiate gravitational waves in a variety of ways, achieving a better understanding of neutron star dynamics is one of the key aims of this proposal. To do this we will carry out three parallel projects, focused on neutron star oscillations, rotational dynamics and fully nonlinear simulations to study neutron star birth. The proposed work is not only relevant for gravitational wave physics, it will also provide useful insights into problems relevant for electromagnetic observations. We aim to contruct accurate models of magnetic star pulsations that can be tested against recent observations of oscillations associated with magnetar giant flares. Our studies of rotational effects should shed light on the pulsar glitches, while the nonlinear simulations will lead to a better understanding of the formation of magnetised stars and the gamma-ray burst central engine. Black holes interact with their environment in complex ways. The modelling of this interaction provides a serious challenge. In the proposed research programme we will consider two important problems for black hole physics. We will use nonlinear simulations to study the late stages of gravitational collapse, the birth of a black hole and the dynamics of the debris disk that may surround it. We will also study the problem of radiation reaction driven inspiral of a binary system resulting from gravitational capture in a galaxy core, one of the most interesting sources for LISA. Although these two problems are rather different, they both require accurate modelling of spacetime dynamics. Recent progress on black hole binary simulations provides significant momentum for work in this area, which is ultimately aimed at using gravitational wave data to probe the strongly curved spacetime near a black hole.
Publications
Ott CD
(2007)
3D collapse of rotating stellar iron cores in general relativity including deleptonization and a nuclear equation of state.
in Physical review letters
Samuelsson L
(2007)
A characteristic approach to the quasi-normal mode problem
in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Gair J
(2008)
A constrained Metropolis-Hastings search for EMRIs in the Mock LISA Data Challenge 1B
in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Ho WC
(2009)
A neutron star with a carbon atmosphere in the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant.
in Nature
Glampedakis K
(2007)
A toy model for global magnetar oscillation Implications for QPOs during magnetar flares
in Astrophysics and Space Science
Kojima Y
(2008)
Amplification of azimuthal modes with odd wave numbers during dynamical bar-mode growth in rotating stars
in Physical Review D
Haskell B
(2007)
Are neutron stars with crystalline color-superconducting cores relevant for the LIGO experiment?
in Physical review letters
Samuelsson L
(2009)
Axial quasi-normal modes of neutron stars: accounting for the superfluid in the crust
in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Abbott B.
(2008)
Beating the spin-down limit on gravitational wave emission from the Crab pulsar
in ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
Barack L
(2011)
Beyond the geodesic approximation: Conservative effects of the gravitational self-force in eccentric orbits around a Schwarzschild black hole
in Physical Review D
Saijo M
(2009)
Collapse of differentially rotating supermassive stars: Post black hole formation
in Physical Review D
Garfinkle D
(2008)
Comments on Bona-Massó-type slicing conditions in long-term black hole evolutions
in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Akcay S
(2015)
Comparison between self-force and post-Newtonian dynamics: Beyond circular orbits
in Physical Review D
Merlin C
(2016)
Completion of metric reconstruction for a particle orbiting a Kerr black hole
in Physical Review D
Markakis C
(2017)
Conservation laws and evolution schemes in geodesic, hydrodynamic, and magnetohydrodynamic flows
in Physical Review D
Yakovlev D
(2011)
Cooling rates of neutron stars and the young neutron star in the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant Young Cas A neutron star
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Gundlach C
(2012)
Critical phenomena at the threshold of immediate merger in binary black hole systems: The extreme mass ratio case
in Physical Review D
Gundlach C
(2007)
Critical Phenomena in Gravitational Collapse.
in Living reviews in relativity
Heinke C
(2010)
DIRECT OBSERVATION OF THE COOLING OF THE CASSIOPEIA A NEUTRON STAR
in The Astrophysical Journal
Markakis C
(2021)
Discontinuous collocation methods and gravitational self-force applications
in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Glampedakis K
(2009)
Do superfluid instabilities prevent neutron star precession?
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Abbott B
(2009)
Einstein@Home search for periodic gravitational waves in early S5 LIGO data
in Physical Review D
ANDERSSON N
(2012)
ENTROPY ENTRAINMENT AND DISSIPATION IN FINITE TEMPERATURE SUPERFLUIDS
in International Journal of Modern Physics D
Andersson N
(2008)
Entropy entrainment and dissipation in superfluid Helium
Uryu K
(2014)
Equilibrium solutions of relativistic rotating stars with mixed poloidal and toroidal magnetic fields
in Physical Review D
Abbott B
(2009)
ERRATUM: "BEATING THE SPIN-DOWN LIMIT ON GRAVITATIONAL WAVE EMISSION FROM THE CRAB PULSAR" (2008, ApJ, 683, L45)
in The Astrophysical Journal
Abbott B
(2009)
Erratum: All-sky search for periodic gravitational waves in LIGO S4 data [Phys. Rev. D 77 , 022001 (2008)]
in Physical Review D
Haskell B
(2009)
Erratum: Modelling magnetically deformed neutron stars
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Warburton N
(2012)
Evolution of inspiral orbits around a Schwarzschild black hole
in Physical Review D
Brown D
(2007)
Excision without excision
in Physical Review D
Saijo M
(2008)
Faraday resonance in dynamical bar instability of differentially rotating stars
in Physical Review D
Akcay S
(2011)
Fast frequency-domain algorithm for gravitational self-force: Circular orbits in Schwarzschild spacetime
in Physical Review D
Abadie J
(2010)
FIRST SEARCH FOR GRAVITATIONAL WAVES FROM THE YOUNGEST KNOWN NEUTRON STAR
in The Astrophysical Journal
Akcay S
(2013)
Frequency-domain algorithm for the Lorenz-gauge gravitational self-force
in Physical Review D
Barack L
(2008)
Frequency-domain calculation of the self-force: The high-frequency problem and its resolution
in Physical Review D
Gundlach C
(2009)
Generic behavior of nonlinear sound waves near the surface of a star: Smooth solutions
in Physical Review D
Akcay S
(2012)
Gravitational self-force and the effective-one-body formalism between the innermost stable circular orbit and the light ring
in Physical Review D
Isoyama S
(2014)
Gravitational self-force correction to the innermost stable circular equatorial orbit of a Kerr black hole.
in Physical review letters
Barack L
(2009)
Gravitational self-force correction to the innermost stable circular orbit of a Schwarzschild black hole.
in Physical review letters
Description | Postdoctoral fellowship |
Amount | £159,431 (GBP) |
Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 10/2009 |
End | 09/2012 |
Description | VESF fellowship |
Amount | £64,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | Virgo Ego Scientific Forum |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | Global |
Start | 04/2010 |
End | 04/2012 |
Description | St Petersburg |
Organisation | Saint Petersburg State Electrotechnical University |
Department | Ioffe Institute |
Country | Russian Federation |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Combining our experience with neutron star physics with neutrino emission models developed in St Petersburg |
Collaborator Contribution | provide neutron star cooling models |
Impact | Papers by Ho, Yakovlev and others in publication list |
Start Year | 2010 |
Description | Royal Society Summer exhibition |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Coordinated gravitational-wave exhibit for summer exhibition in London Led to permanent exhibit in Science Museum. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |