GridPP Management and Outreach
Lead Research Organisation:
Queen Mary University of London
Department Name: Physics
Abstract
'The Grid' is the next leap in computer interconnectivity. The Internet and the World Wide Web are increasingly an integral part of people's lives, helping the world share information and transfer data quickly and easily. In the same way as we now share files and facts over the global network of computers, in the future the Grid will let us share other things, such as processing power and storage space. The Grid is a practical solution to the problems of storing and processing the large quantities of data that will be produced by industry and the scientific communities over the next decade. Particle physicists are waiting for 2007 when a new particle accelerator opens in the world's largest particle physics laboratory, CERN. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be the most powerful instrument ever built to investigate fundamental physics. Once this is fully functional the amount of data being produced will be massive. All this will be too much for one institution to handle so they need to share resources i.e. to use distributed computing. The Grid is built on the same Internet infrastructure as the web, but uses different tools. Middleware is one of these tools. In a stand alone computer the resources allocated to each job are managed by the operating system e.g. Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X. Middleware is like the operating system of a Grid, allowing users to access resources without searching for them manually. GridPP has developed middleware for the Grid, in collaboration with other international projects. Due to GridPP's open source policy, the middleware can evolve and be improved by the people who use it. Distributed computing has been available to scientists for some time but, in general, the use of different sites has to be negotiated by each scientist individually. They need a separate account on each system and jobs have to be submitted and results collected back by hand. Current distributed computing means the user has a lot of work to do to get their results. This is where the idea of Grid computing comes in. Middleware lets users simply submit jobs to the Grid without having to know where the data is or where the jobs will run. The software can run the job where the data is, or move the data to where there is CPU power available. Using the Grid and middleware, all the user has to do is submit a job and pick up the results. Acting as the gatekeeper and matchmaker for the Grid, middleware monitors the Grid, decides where to send computing jobs, manages users, data and storage. It will check the identity of the user through the use of digital certificates. A digital certificate is a file stored securely on a users computer which allows the Grid to correctly identify a user. The certificates are given to a user by the Certification Authority, with numerous steps to ensure the person applying is who they say they are. The middleware automatically extracts the users' identity from their digital certificate and uses this to log them in. This means users don't have to remember user names and passwords to log onto the Grid, they're automatically logged on using their Grid certificate. After this seamless identification process the middleware will find the most convenient and efficient places for the job to be run and organise efficient access to the relevant scientific data. It deals with authentication to the different sites being used, runs the jobs, keeps track of progress, lets the user know when the work is complete and transfers the result back.
People |
ORCID iD |
Stephen Lloyd (Principal Investigator) | |
Sarah Pearce (Researcher) |
Publications
Collaboration T
(2014)
A neural network clustering algorithm for the ATLAS silicon pixel detector
in Journal of Instrumentation
ATLAS Collaboration
(2012)
A particle consistent with the Higgs boson observed with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider.
in Science (New York, N.Y.)
ATLAS Collaboration
(2012)
A search for [Formula: see text] resonances with the ATLAS detector in 2.05 fb-1 of proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text].
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
Aad G
(2013)
A search for high-mass resonances decaying to t + t - in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
in Physics Letters B
Aad G
(2013)
A search for prompt lepton-jets in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
in Physics Letters B
Aad G
(2012)
ATLAS measurements of the properties of jets for boosted particle searches
in Physical Review D
The ATLAS Collaboration
(2012)
ATLAS search for a heavy gauge boson decaying to a charged lepton and a neutrino in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7\ \mathrm{TeV}$
in The European Physical Journal C
Aad G
(2012)
Combined search for the Standard Model Higgs boson in p p collisions at s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
in Physical Review D
Aad G
(2012)
Determination of the strange-quark density of the proton from ATLAS measurements of the W?l? and Z?ll cross sections.
in Physical review letters
Aad G
(2013)
Dynamics of isolated-photon plus jet production in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
in Nuclear Physics B
Aad G
(2014)
Electron and photon energy calibration with the ATLAS detector using LHC Run 1 data
in The European Physical Journal C
ATLAS Collaboration
(2014)
Electron reconstruction and identification efficiency measurements with the ATLAS detector using the 2011 LHC proton-proton collision data.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
Aad G
(2014)
Evidence for electroweak production of W±W±jj in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector.
in Physical review letters
Aad G
(2012)
Evidence for the associated production of a W boson and a top quark in ATLAS at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Aad G
(2013)
Evidence for the spin-0 nature of the Higgs boson using ATLAS data
in Physics Letters B
Aad G
(2014)
Flavor tagged time-dependent angular analysis of the B s 0 ? J / ? ? decay and extraction of ? G s and the weak phase ? s in ATLAS
in Physical Review D
Britton D
(2014)
How to deal with petabytes of data: the LHC Grid project.
in Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)
ATLAS Collaboration
(2013)
Improved luminosity determination in pp collisions at [Formula: see text] using the ATLAS detector at the LHC.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
Aad G
(2013)
Jet energy resolution in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}}=7\mbox{ TeV}$ recorded in 2010 with the ATLAS detector
in The European Physical Journal C
ATLAS Collaboration
(2013)
Jet energy resolution in proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text] recorded in 2010 with the ATLAS detector.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
Aad G
(2014)
Light-quark and gluon jet discrimination in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text] with the ATLAS detector.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
Aad G
(2014)
Measurement of ? c1 and ? c2 production with s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS
in Journal of High Energy Physics
ATLAS Collaboration
(2012)
Measurement of [Formula: see text] production with a veto on additional central jet activity in pp collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV using the ATLAS detector.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
Aad G
(2013)
Measurement of charged-particle event shape variables in inclusive ( s ) = 7 TeV proton-proton interactions with the ATLAS detector
in Physical Review D
Aad G
(2014)
Measurement of dijet cross-sections in pp collisions at 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy using the ATLAS detector
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Aad G
(2014)
Measurement of event-plane correlations in s NN = 2.76 TeV lead-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector
in Physical Review C
ATLAS Collaboration
(2013)
Measurement of jet shapes in top-quark pair events at [Formula: see text] using the ATLAS detector.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
Aad G
(2013)
Measurement of k T splitting scales in W?l? events at $\sqrt{s} = 7\ \mathrm{TeV}$ with the ATLAS detector
in The European Physical Journal C
ATLAS Collaboration
(2012)
Measurement of t polarization in W?t? decays with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at [Formula: see text].
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
Aad G
(2013)
Measurement of the ? b 0 lifetime and mass in the ATLAS experiment
in Physical Review D
ATLAS Collaboration
(2013)
Measurement of the [Formula: see text] production cross section in the tau + jets channel using the ATLAS detector.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
ATLAS Collaboration
(2013)
Measurement of the [Formula: see text] production cross section in the tau + jets channel using the ATLAS detector.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
Aad G
(2013)
Measurement of the azimuthal angle dependence of inclusive jet yields in Pb+Pb collisions at v(sNN)=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector.
in Physical review letters
Aad G
(2012)
Measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy for charged particle production in s N N = 2.76 TeV lead-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector
in Physical Review C
Aad G
(2012)
Measurement of the azimuthal ordering of charged hadrons with the ATLAS detector
in Physical Review D
ATLAS Collaboration
(2014)
Measurement of the centrality and pseudorapidity dependence of the integrated elliptic flow in lead-lead collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV with the ATLAS detector.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
ATLAS Collaboration
(2012)
Measurement of the charge asymmetry in top quark pair production in pp collisions at [Formula: see text] using the ATLAS detector.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
Aad G
(2013)
Measurement of the flavour composition of dijet events in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7\ \mbox{TeV}$ with the ATLAS detector
in The European Physical Journal C
Aad G
(2013)
Measurement of the high-mass Drell-Yan differential cross-section in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
in Physics Letters B
ATLAS Collaboration
(2013)
Measurement of the inclusive jet cross-section in pp collisions at [Formula: see text] and comparison to the inclusive jet cross-section at [Formula: see text] using the ATLAS detector.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
Aad G
(2014)
Measurement of the low-mass Drell-Yan differential cross section at s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Description | We have built a Grid to analyse data from the LHC at CERN and elsewhere. This enabled the discovery of the Higgs Boson, the fundamental scalar boson that is predicted to give mass to all other particles. |
Exploitation Route | Further research is required to establish if this is the Higgs Boson or if it is one of many (possibly Supersymmetric) Higgs Bosons. |
Sectors | Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software) |
URL | https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/AtlasPublic |
Description | Other disciplines have used our Grid for their own purposes. |
First Year Of Impact | 2008 |
Sector | Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Education,Pharmaceuticals and Medical Biotechnology |
Impact Types | Societal |