Nuclear Physics Rolling Grant
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Liverpool
Department Name: Physics
Abstract
The majority of the mass of the universe is made up of atomic nuclei that lie at the centre of the atom. The fundamental questions in nuclear physics are, 'What are the limits of nuclear existence?'; 'What are the heaviest nuclei that can be made in the laboratory?'; 'What are the limits on the angular momentum that a nucleus can sustain before fission?'; 'Do new forms of collective motion occur far from the valley of nuclear stability?' How does the ordering of quantum states, alter in highly dilute or neutron-rich matter?' The aim of this research proposal is to try to answer these questions. No one yet knows how heavy a nucleus can be; in other words, just how many neutrons and protons can be made to bind together. We will study the heaviest nuclei that can be made in the laboratory and determine their properties which will allow better predictions to be made for the 'superheavies'. For lighter nuclei we will explore in the region of the proton and neutron drip lines, which are the borders between bound and unbound nuclei. We will determine more carefully than ever before the precise location of these drip lines. As we approach the neutron drip line, only accessible for light nuclei, we will explore how the fundamental nuclear forces change their behaviour in diffuse neutron matter. On the other side of the line of stability, those at the proton drip line have so much electrical charge that they are highly unstable and try to achieve greater stability through the process of proton emission. We will investigate how nuclear behaviour is affected when protons become unbound. For these exotic systems we will also explore how the nucleus prefers to rearrange its shape, which can be a sphere, rugby ball, pear, etc. and how it stores its energy among the possible degrees of freedom. We will also investigate how the properties of these nuclei develop as we make them spin faster and faster. We will try to determine more carefully than ever before the precise nature of ultra high spin states in heavy nuclei, just before the nucleus breaks up due to fission. This programme of research will employ a large variety of experimental methods to probe many aspects of nuclear structure, mostly using instrumentation that we have constructed at several world-leading accelerator laboratories. The work will require a series of related experiments at a range of facilities in order for us to gain an insight into the answers to the questions posed above. These experiments will help theorists to refine and test their calculations that have attempted to predict the properties of nuclei, often with widely differing results. The resolution of this problem will help us to describe the complex many-body system that the nucleus represents.
Organisations
- University of Liverpool (Lead Research Organisation)
- Lund University (Collaboration)
- GSI (Collaboration)
- University of Cologne (Collaboration)
- University of Leuven (Collaboration)
- Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres (Collaboration)
- University of Jyväskylä (Collaboration)
- Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (Collaboration)
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz (Collaboration)
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) (Collaboration)
Publications
Goigoux T
(2021)
First observation of high-K isomeric states in $$^{249}$$Md and $$^{251}$$Md
in The European Physical Journal A
Rubert J
(2013)
First prompt in-beam ?-ray spectroscopy of a superheavy element: the 256 Rf
in Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Yakushev A
(2021)
First Study on Nihonium (Nh, Element 113) Chemistry at TASCA.
in Frontiers in chemistry
Düllmann C
(2015)
Foreword
in Nuclear Physics A
Ketelhut S
(2009)
Gamma-ray spectroscopy at the limits: first observation of rotational bands in 255Lr.
in Physical review letters
Lindroos M
(2008)
HIE-ISOLDE
in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms
Ideguchi E
(2010)
High-spin intruder band in In 107
in Physical Review C
Paul E
(2009)
High-spin states in Ce 127 and Ce 129 : Further evidence for triaxial nuclear shapes
in Physical Review C
Andreyev A
(2009)
Identification and decay of the 0.48 ms 13 / 2 + isomer in Hg 181
in Physical Review C
Hadinia B
(2009)
Identification of ? rays from Au 172 and a decays of Au 172 , Ir 168 , and Re 164
in Physical Review C
Parr E
(2016)
Identification of the J p = 1 - state in Ra 218 populated via a decay of Th 222
in Physical Review C
Herzberg R
(2008)
In-beam and decay spectroscopy of transfermium nuclei
in Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics
Page R
(2011)
In-beam conversion-electron spectroscopy of 180 Hg
in Physical Review C
Piot J
(2012)
In-beam spectroscopy with intense ion beams: Evidence for a rotational structure in 246 Fm
in Physical Review C
Mistry A
(2017)
In-beam study of 253No using the SAGE spectrometer
in The European Physical Journal A
Sulignano B
(2012)
Investigation of high- K states in 252 No
in Physical Review C
Dvorak J
(2011)
IRiS-Exploring new frontiers in neutron-rich isotopes of the heaviest elements with a new Inelastic Reaction Isotope Separator
in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Scholey C
(2010)
Isomeric and ground-state properties of 78 171 Pt , 76 167 Os , and 74 163 W
in Physical Review C
Endres J
(2010)
Isospin character of the pygmy dipole resonance in 124Sn.
in Physical review letters
Robinson A
(2008)
K p = 8 - isomers and K p = 2 - octupole vibrations in N = 150 shell-stabilized isotones
in Physical Review C
Sorri J
(2012)
Lessons learned with the SAGE spectrometer
in Physica Scripta
Grahn T
(2009)
Lifetime measurement in 195Po
in The European Physical Journal A
Heery J
(2021)
Lifetime measurements of yrast states in $$^{\mathbf {178}}$$Pt using the charge plunger method with a recoil separator
in The European Physical Journal A
Watkins H
(2011)
Lifetime measurements probing triple shape coexistence in 175 Au
in Physical Review C
Grahn T
(2008)
Lifetimes of intruder states in 186Pb, 188Pb and 194Po
in Nuclear Physics A
Scheck M
(2010)
Lifetimes of odd-spin yrast states in Hg 182
in Physical Review C
Page R
(2011)
Limits of observable proton-emitting nuclei between the N = 82 and Z = 82 shell closures
in Physical Review C
Paul E
(2009)
Loss of collectivity in the transitional Er 156 nucleus at high spin
in Physical Review C
Drummond M
(2013)
Low-lying excited states in the neutron-deficient isotopes 163 Os and 165 Os
in Physical Review C
Savajols H
(2008)
MAYA: An active target detector for the study of extremely exotic nuclei
in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms
Catford WN
(2010)
Migration of nuclear shell gaps studied in the d(24Ne,p?)25Ne reaction.
in Physical review letters
Hurst A
(2009)
Narrowing of the neutron s d - p f shell gap in 29Na
in Physics Letters B
Parr E
(2012)
New approaches to assign configurations using low-statistic ?-ray spectra
in The European Physical Journal A
Khuyagbaatar J
(2015)
New Short-Lived Isotope ^{221}U and the Mass Surface Near N=126.
in Physical review letters
Andreyev AN
(2010)
New type of asymmetric fission in proton-rich nuclei.
in Physical review letters
Rees J
(2011)
Non-yrast positive-parity structures in the ? -soft nucleus Er 156
in Physical Review C
Reifarth R
(2016)
Nuclear astrophysics with radioactive ions at FAIR
in Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Harkness L
(2009)
Optimisation of a dual head semiconductor Compton camera using Geant4
in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Darby IG
(2010)
Orbital dependent nucleonic pairing in the lightest known isotopes of tin.
in Physical review letters
Boston A
(2009)
Performance of an AGATA asymmetric detector
in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Cooper R
(2009)
Positron Emission Tomography imaging with the SmartPET system
in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Darby I
(2011)
Precision measurements of proton emission from the ground states of Ta 156 and Re 160
in Physical Review C
Düllmann ChE
(2010)
Production and decay of element 114: high cross sections and the new nucleus 277Hs.
in Physical review letters
Düllmann C
(2010)
Production and Decay of Element 114: High Cross Sections and the New Nucleus Hs 277
in Physical Review Letters
Jenkins D
(2009)
Proof-of-principle for fast neutron detection with advanced tracking arrays of highly segmented germanium detectors
in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Procter M
(2013)
Proton emission from an oblate nucleus 151Lu
in Physics Letters B
Oxley D
(2009)
Quantifying the limitations of small animal positron emission tomography
in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Peura P
(2014)
Quasiparticle alignments and a -decay fine structure of 175 Pt
in Physical Review C
Forsberg U
(2016)
Recoil-a-fission and recoil-a-a-fission events observed in the reaction 48Ca + 243Am
in Nuclear Physics A
Description | Our programme of research aims to measure the structure (quantum states, transition matrix elements) of bound or unbound states of exotic systems near or at the limit of nuclear existence. Its goal is to address many of the key questions in this field by applying precision measurements of the physical observables that allow rigorous testing of model predictions. In particular, we wish to understand how nuclei can support the highest values of angular momentum, how the shell behaviour, the pairing fields, the single-particle and the collective structure of nuclei evolve away from stability towards the drip lines and towards the heaviest nuclear systems, and how exotic nuclear matter behaves through studies of nuclear density and nuclear correlations. New discoveries will follow major advances in instrumentation, using intense stable beams and new beams from radioactive beam facilities. |
Exploitation Route | Nuclear theory, healthy, security and energy sectors might take our findings forward. |
Sectors | Energy Healthcare Security and Diplomacy |
Description | To aid theoretical understanding of nuclear physics and indirect applications to security, energy and health. |
First Year Of Impact | 2014 |
Sector | Energy,Healthcare,Security and Diplomacy |
Impact Types | Societal |
Description | Standard Grant |
Amount | £182,012 (GBP) |
Organisation | Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2010 |
End | 12/2012 |
Description | Standard Grant |
Amount | £34,067 (GBP) |
Organisation | Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2009 |
End | 06/2013 |
Description | GREAT collaboration |
Organisation | University of Jyvaskyla |
Department | Department of Physics |
Country | Finland |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Constructed GREAT spectrometer and TDR DAQ system. Spokesperson of many experiments. |
Collaborator Contribution | facility |
Impact | 24 publications |
Description | MINIBALL collaboration |
Organisation | European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) |
Department | ISOLDE Radioactive Ion Beam Facility |
Country | Switzerland |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | Expertise on Coulomb Excitation analysis, spokespersons of 2 active ISOLDE experiments |
Impact | several publications |
Description | MINIBALL collaboration |
Organisation | Lund University |
Department | Department of Physics |
Country | Sweden |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Expertise on Coulomb Excitation analysis, spokespersons of 2 active ISOLDE experiments |
Impact | several publications |
Description | MINIBALL collaboration |
Organisation | University of Cologne |
Department | Department of Physics |
Country | Germany |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Expertise on Coulomb Excitation analysis, spokespersons of 2 active ISOLDE experiments |
Impact | several publications |
Description | MINIBALL collaboration |
Organisation | University of Leuven |
Department | Department of Physics and Astronomy |
Country | Belgium |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Expertise on Coulomb Excitation analysis, spokespersons of 2 active ISOLDE experiments |
Impact | several publications |
Description | R3B Collaboration (NUSTAR) |
Organisation | Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research |
Department | Nuclear Structure, Astrophysics and Reactions |
Country | Germany |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | Collaborative research/experiments. Leadership in design and construction of detection systems (e.g. Si Tracker and associated EDAQ). Data analysis and monte carlo simulations (supervision of PhD students), scientific input (experimental proposals, authorship of publications...). Manpower (technical and research staff, PhD students) for construction of equipment and running experiments.. Presentations at collaboration meetings, workshops, conferences. |
Collaborator Contribution | Access to research large-scale facility and beam time, technical support, PhD students and research staff, etc. T. Aumann spokesperson of R3B collaboration. |
Impact | Publications. PhD theses (S. Paschalis, J. Taylor). Training of PhD students and research staff. Invitations to speak at meetings, workshops, conferences. Project leadership of Si tracker (NUSTAR-UK project grant). |
Description | R3B Collaboration (NUSTAR) |
Organisation | Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research |
Country | Germany |
Sector | Private |
PI Contribution | Collaborative research/experiments. Leadership in design and construction of detection systems (e.g. Si Tracker and associated EDAQ). Data analysis and monte carlo simulations (supervision of PhD students), scientific input (experimental proposals, authorship of publications...). Manpower (technical and research staff, PhD students) for construction of equipment and running experiments.. Presentations at collaboration meetings, workshops, conferences. |
Collaborator Contribution | Access to research large-scale facility and beam time, technical support, PhD students and research staff, etc. T. Aumann spokesperson of R3B collaboration. |
Impact | Publications. PhD theses (S. Paschalis, J. Taylor). Training of PhD students and research staff. Invitations to speak at meetings, workshops, conferences. Project leadership of Si tracker (NUSTAR-UK project grant). |
Description | R3B Collaboration (NUSTAR) |
Organisation | Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres |
Department | GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research |
Country | Germany |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | Collaborative research/experiments. Leadership in design and construction of detection systems (e.g. Si Tracker and associated EDAQ). Data analysis and monte carlo simulations (supervision of PhD students), scientific input (experimental proposals, authorship of publications...). Manpower (technical and research staff, PhD students) for construction of equipment and running experiments.. Presentations at collaboration meetings, workshops, conferences. |
Collaborator Contribution | Access to research large-scale facility and beam time, technical support, PhD students and research staff, etc. T. Aumann spokesperson of R3B collaboration. |
Impact | Publications. PhD theses (S. Paschalis, J. Taylor). Training of PhD students and research staff. Invitations to speak at meetings, workshops, conferences. Project leadership of Si tracker (NUSTAR-UK project grant). |
Description | TASCA Collaboration |
Organisation | GSI |
Department | KP |
Country | Ireland |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | Parts of the detection system, Manpower, Data Analysis, Monte Carlo Simulation, Intellectual Input |
Collaborator Contribution | Technical Support for Experiment |
Impact | Confirmation of Element 114 and New isotope 277Hs (Duellmann et al, PRL 104 2010 252701) Spectroscopy of 253No (Anderson et al, NIMA622 2010 164) |
Start Year | 2006 |
Description | TASCA Collaboration |
Organisation | Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres |
Department | Helmholtz Institute Mainz |
Country | Germany |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Parts of the detection system, Manpower, Data Analysis, Monte Carlo Simulation, Intellectual Input |
Collaborator Contribution | Technical Support for Experiment |
Impact | Confirmation of Element 114 and New isotope 277Hs (Duellmann et al, PRL 104 2010 252701) Spectroscopy of 253No (Anderson et al, NIMA622 2010 164) |
Start Year | 2006 |
Description | TASCA Collaboration |
Organisation | Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz |
Department | Institute for Nuclear Chemistry |
Country | Germany |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Parts of the detection system, Manpower, Data Analysis, Monte Carlo Simulation, Intellectual Input |
Collaborator Contribution | Technical Support for Experiment |
Impact | Confirmation of Element 114 and New isotope 277Hs (Duellmann et al, PRL 104 2010 252701) Spectroscopy of 253No (Anderson et al, NIMA622 2010 164) |
Start Year | 2006 |
Description | BBC Atom |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Scientific Advisor to the BBC "Atom" Series presented by Jim Al-Khalili Greater public awareness of Superheavy Element Research |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2008 |
Description | Froehlich Lecture |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Primary Audience | Participants in your research |
Results and Impact | 100 members of the Physics and Chemistry departments in Liverpool including 20-30 undergraduate students attended. We had a lively discussion. Greater awareness of Superheavy Element Research in the School of Physical Sciences (Physics, Chemistry, Maths) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2010 |
Description | Nuclear Physics Master Class |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Type Of Presentation | Keynote/Invited Speaker |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | About 10-20 six-formers attended practical activities and presentations over a number of days, including discussions in the Q&A part of the presentations. None, it is hoped that the activities raise the awareness of the impact of Nuclear Physics on daily life. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012,2013,2014 |
Description | PHYSOC Lecture |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | ~40 undergraduate physics students attended and lively debate ensued. Several people have expressed an interest to do a PhD with me on this subject. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009,2010 |
Description | Teachers Conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | ~20 teachers attended and we had good discussions about science and public engagement. None |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2010 |