Astrophysics at Oxford: 2010-2015
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Oxford
Department Name: Oxford Physics
Abstract
Astrophysicists at Oxford are trying to determine six basic things about the Universe. (1) What is it made of? The Universe appears to be at the beginning of a period of accelerated expansion driven by some mysterious stuff known as 'dark energy'. Einstein had a theory for what this stuff is: he called it the Cosmological Constant. We will be testing his theory by measuring the apparent brightnesses of distant exploding stars (supernovae), by measuring the distortions of distant galaxies as light is bent by the gravity of more nearby galaxies, and by measuring the precise positions of about one million galaxies. (2) What is the history of Hydrogen in the Universe? Hydrogen - the most abundant element in the Universe - is the most important building material for making stars. Atoms of Hydrogen combine into molecules within dense clouds, and these clouds provide the nursery for the birth of new stars. We will be using giant new telescopes operating at millimetre and radio wavelengths to observe, and hence understand, this process throughout most of the history of the Universe. (3) What can we learn about how galaxies formed from galaxies observed at current times? We are involved in large observational programmes that can be viewed as 'archaeology' of nearby galaxies looking for clues of important events in their history, for example by finding fast-moving gas orbiting a dormant supermassive black hole. We also study the relation between stellar populations and dark matter by studying the orbits of stars within and beyond the optical light in a galaxy. (4) What can we learn about how galaxies formed from distant galaxies observed at earlier times? Because of the finite speed of light, distant galaxies are seen when the Universe, and the galaxies within it, were young, and often these galaxies are so dusty that they are only effectively studied using infrared and radio observations. We map out the large-scale distribution of galaxies in the distant Universe using a combination of wide-field imaging (taking pictures) and spectroscopy (spreading light out into its constituent colours). We study these systems as they form and evolve, sometimes in dramatic bursts of star formation associated with supermassive black holes. (5) When did the first galaxies form? The Hydrogen in the Universe formed atoms about 300,000 years after the Big Bang, but was largely re-ionized (converted back to protons and electrons) during the so-called Epoch of Reionization. We use giant ground-based telescopes and satellites (e.g. the Hubble Space Telescope) to study these first galaxies and determine whether it was radiation associated with the birth of these galaxies, or stars within them, that was responsible for the re-ionization. (6) How do black holes influence star and galaxy formation? Black holes grow by 'gobbling up' gas and stars in a process called accretion. This process seems commonly to yield outflows in the form of winds and jets, the latter capable of reaching speeds very close to the speed of light. We study these systems in our own galaxy and in distant galaxies to determine the physics of such 'feedback mechanisms' (growth of the black hole is halted, albeit temporarily, by outflows driven by processes associated with the black hole). Our aim is to understand the influence of (compact) black holes on the formation of stars, galaxies and clusters of galaxies on much large physical scales.
Organisations
- University of Oxford (Lead Research Organisation)
- UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH (Collaboration)
- Leiden University (Collaboration)
- California Institute of Technology (Collaboration)
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (Collaboration)
- Paris Institute of Astrophysics (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Collaboration)
Publications
Krajnovic D
(2013)
The ATLAS3D Project - XXIII. Angular momentum and nuclear surface brightness profiles
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Hojjati A
(2017)
Cross-correlating Planck tSZ with RCSLenS weak lensing: implications for cosmology and AGN feedback
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Young L
(2011)
The ATLAS3D project - IV. The molecular gas content of early-type galaxies? Molecular gas content of early-type galaxies
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Bureau M
(2011)
The SAURON project - XVIII. The integrated UV-line-strength relations of early-type galaxies The SAURON project - XVIII
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Cibirka N
(2017)
CODEX weak lensing: concentration of galaxy clusters at z ~ 0.5
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Serra P
(2012)
The ATLAS3D project - XIII. Mass and morphology of H i in early-type galaxies as a function of environment The ATLAS3D project - XIII. Neutral hydrogen
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Perez M. S
(2010)
SS 433's circumbinary ring and accretion disc viewed through its attenuating disc wind Balmer decrements in SS 433
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Martig M
(2013)
The ATLAS3D project - XXII. Low-efficiency star formation in early-type galaxies: hydrodynamic models and observations
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Sarzi M
(2011)
The planetary nebulae population in the central regions of M32: the SAURON view PNe in the central regions of M32
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Sanderson R
(2012)
Enhancements to velocity-dependent dark matter interactions from tidal streams and shells in the Andromeda galaxy Dark matter interactions in tidal streams
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Benjamin J
(2013)
CFHTLenS tomographic weak lensing: quantifying accurate redshift distributions
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Prokhorov D
(2012)
Simulating Sunyaev-Zel'dovich intensity maps of giant active galactic nucleus cocoons Simulating SZ intensity maps
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Swinbank J
(2012)
Tunable filter imaging of high-redshift quasar fields Tunable filter imaging of high-z quasar fields
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Young L
(2014)
The ATLAS3D project - XXVII. Cold gas and the colours and ages of early-type galaxies
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
D'Eugenio F
(2021)
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: stellar population and structural trends across the Fundamental Plane
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Hudson M
(2015)
CFHTLenS: co-evolution of galaxies and their dark matter haloes
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Gofford J
(2013)
The Suzaku view of highly ionized outflows in AGN - I. Statistical detection and global absorber properties
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Krajnovic D
(2013)
The ATLAS3D project - XVII. Linking photometric and kinematic signatures of stellar discs in early-type galaxies
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Duc P
(2011)
The ATLAS3D project - IX. The merger origin of a fast- and a slow-rotating early-type galaxy revealed with deep optical imaging: first results The merger origin of NGC 680 and 5557
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Watson P
(2022)
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: trends in [a/Fe] as a function of morphology and environment
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Dan M
(2014)
The structure and fate of white dwarf merger remnants
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Topal S
(2014)
Molecular gas properties of the giant molecular cloud complexes in the arms and inter-arms of the spiral galaxy NGC 6946
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Dalla Bontà E
(2018)
A photometric analysis of Abell 1689: two-dimensional multistructure decomposition, morphological classification and the Fundamental Plane
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Peirani S
(2012)
Evolution of the baryon fraction in the Local Group: accretion versus feedback at low and high z The baryons in a simulated Local Group
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Freire P
(2011)
On the nature and evolution of the unique binary pulsar J1903+0327 PSR J1903+0327
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Hickey S
(2010)
Constraints on star-forming galaxies at z = 6.5 from HAWK-I Y -band imaging of GOODS-South
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Scott N
(2013)
The ATLAS3D project - XXI. Correlations between gradients of local escape velocity and stellar populations in early-type galaxies
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Potter W
(2013)
Synchrotron and inverse-Compton emission from blazar jets - IV. BL Lac type blazars and the physical basis for the blazar sequence
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Bois M
(2011)
The ATLAS3D project - VI. Simulations of binary galaxy mergers and the link with fast rotators, slow rotators and kinematically distinct cores The ATLAS3D project - VI. Binary galaxy mergers
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Houghton R
(2013)
Fast and slow rotators in the densest environments: a SWIFT IFS study of the Coma cluster
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Zieleniewski S
(2017)
Radial gradients in initial mass function sensitive absorption features in the Coma brightest cluster galaxies
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Zieleniewski S
(2015)
The initial mass functions of M31 and M32 through far red stellar absorption features
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Maguire K
(2011)
PTF10ops - a subluminous, normal-width light curve Type Ia supernova in the middle of nowhere PTF10ops: A subluminous, normal-width SN Ia
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Banfield J
(2015)
Radio Galaxy Zoo: host galaxies and radio morphologies derived from visual inspection
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Magdis G
(2010)
Herschel reveals a Tdust-unbiased selection of z~ 2 ultraluminous infrared galaxies Herschel observations of z ~ 2 ULIRGs
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Pimbblet K
(2014)
How typical is the Coma cluster?
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Lablanche P
(2012)
The ATLAS project - XII. Recovery of the mass-to-light ratio of simulated early-type barred galaxies with axisymmetric dynamical models The ATLAS3D project - XII. M/L recovery
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Krajnovic D
(2011)
The ATLAS3D project - II. Morphologies, kinemetric features and alignment between photometric and kinematic axes of early-type galaxies Morphologies, kinematics and alignment
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Alatalo K
(2015)
Evidence of boosted 13CO/12CO ratio in early-type galaxies in dense environments
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Conti I
(2017)
Calibration of weak-lensing shear in the Kilo-Degree Survey
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Rogers B
(2010)
Exploring the star formation history of elliptical galaxies: beyond simple stellar populations with a new line strength estimator Beyond SSPs
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Falcón-Barroso J
(2011)
The SAURON project - XIX. Optical and near-infrared scaling relations of nearby elliptical, lenticular and Sa galaxies The SAURON project - XIX
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Peirani S
(2010)
Composite star formation histories of early-type galaxies from minor mergers: prospects for WFC3 Composite star formation histories of ETGs
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Turner T
(2017)
Measuring light echoes in NGC 4051
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Rivi M
(2016)
Radio weak lensing shear measurement in the visibility domain - I. Methodology
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Sarzi M
(2013)
The ATLAS3D project - XIX. The hot gas content of early-type galaxies: fast versus slow rotators
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Bunker A
(2010)
The contribution of high-redshift galaxies to cosmic reionization: new results from deep WFC3 imaging of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field HST/WFC3-selected galaxies at z=7 in the UDF
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Leauthaud A
(2017)
Lensing is low: cosmology, galaxy formation or new physics?
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Wall J
(2010)
A 43-GHz VLA survey in the ELAIS N2 area Survey at 43 GHz
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Antonuccio-Delogu V
(2010)
Active galactic nuclei activity: self-regulation from backflow AGN feedback
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Description | Canada France Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey (CFHTLenS) |
Organisation | Leiden University |
Department | Leiden Institute of Physics |
Country | Netherlands |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Miller was responsible for the shear measurements for this international collaboration, and took part in the cosmology analysis. |
Collaborator Contribution | Other aspects of the lensing analysis. |
Impact | Research publications |
Start Year | 2008 |
Description | Canada France Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey (CFHTLenS) |
Organisation | University of British Columbia |
Country | Canada |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Miller was responsible for the shear measurements for this international collaboration, and took part in the cosmology analysis. |
Collaborator Contribution | Other aspects of the lensing analysis. |
Impact | Research publications |
Start Year | 2008 |
Description | Canada France Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey (CFHTLenS) |
Organisation | University of Edinburgh |
Department | School of Physics and Astronomy |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Miller was responsible for the shear measurements for this international collaboration, and took part in the cosmology analysis. |
Collaborator Contribution | Other aspects of the lensing analysis. |
Impact | Research publications |
Start Year | 2008 |
Description | EarLy unIverse Exploration with nIRspec (ELIXIR) |
Organisation | Paris Institute of Astrophysics |
Country | France |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | The Oxford network node has been analysing data from Hubble Space Telescope deep imaging fields (including those from the new WFC3 infrared camera) to determine observing strategies for JWST, and also to provide an initial target list for spectroscopy with NIRSpec on JWST. |
Collaborator Contribution | This is an EU FP7 network associated with the NIRSpec instrument on the James Webb Space Telescope. The Instrument Science Team comprises: Stephane Charlot (IAP, Paris - lead network); Andrew Bunker (Oxford); Marijn Franx (Leiden); Santiago Arribas (Madrid); Roberto Maiolino (Rome); Hans-Walter Rix (MPIA Heidelberg) and Peter Jakobsen (ESA), with out industrial partner (Astrium, Germany). We are responsible for the NIRSpec near-infrared spectrograph, which is being built and tested, and we will execute a 900-hour GTO programme to investigate galaxies at high redshift. The EU FP7 ELIXIR Network is intended to plan the science for this large programme. |
Impact | The Network funds several PhD students and Early Stage Researchers at the nodes across Europe, including two graduate students at Oxford (Joseph Caruana and Silvio Lorenzoni). These researchers have participated in many of the papers from our group, and Lorenzoni has a first-author paper accepted. |
Start Year | 2008 |
Description | Galaxies in the Reionization Epoch |
Organisation | California Institute of Technology |
Department | Caltech Astronomy |
Country | United States |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Oxford has been responsible for reducing the Hubble Space Telescope images and identifying potential high-redshift candidates through colour selection. |
Collaborator Contribution | Oxford has lead this project, in collaboration with Prof Richard Ellis at Caltech, using archival Hubble Space Telescope images with WFC3 to identify Lyman-break galaxies at z=7 and beyond. Caltech has mainly been involved in the spectroscopic follow-up. |
Impact | Five refereed accepted papers so far (Bunker et al. 2010; Wilkins et al. 2010; Lorenzoni et al. 2011; Wilkins et al. 2011, Wilkins et al. 2012). A press release in December 2009, resulting in extensive coverage. Several invited talks at conferences. |
Start Year | 2009 |
Description | Kilo Degree Survey weak lensing collaboration |
Organisation | Leiden University |
Department | Leiden Institute of Physics |
Country | Netherlands |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Responsible for the Point Spread Function modelling and weak lensing shear measurement, employed by the survey. Jointly responsible for cosmology analysis and paper writing. |
Collaborator Contribution | All other aspects of data collection, survey analysis and paper writing |
Impact | Research papers |
Start Year | 2011 |
Description | Kilo Degree Survey weak lensing collaboration |
Organisation | University of Edinburgh |
Department | School of Physics and Astronomy |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Responsible for the Point Spread Function modelling and weak lensing shear measurement, employed by the survey. Jointly responsible for cosmology analysis and paper writing. |
Collaborator Contribution | All other aspects of data collection, survey analysis and paper writing |
Impact | Research papers |
Start Year | 2011 |
Description | The WFC3 Spectroscopic Parallel (WISP) Survey |
Organisation | University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) |
Department | Physics and Astronomy |
Country | United States |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Oxford is responsible for studying the star formation rates of these galaxies from their H-alpha line luminosities, and for constructing the line luminosity function at redshifts around one. |
Collaborator Contribution | The WISP collaboration, based at UCLA and also the Spitzer Science Center (in Caltech) and with collaborators elsewhere in the USA and Germany, is responsible for reducing the Hubble Space Telescope slitless grism spectroscopy to search for emission line objects at high redshift. Most of this reduction and cataloging occurs in Los Angeles. |
Impact | One refereed paper on the initial work - Atek et al. (2010) - and several more in preparation. Various presentations by the team at American Astronomical Society meetings. |
Start Year | 2008 |
Description | Press release on the first Hubble WFC3 Deep Infrared Images |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | We issued a press release on our work on 8 December 2009 entitled "Reinvigorated Hubble Space Telescope Reveals Most Distant Galaxies Yet". Our press release results in extensive coverage in the scientific media and the international press including: Nature Blog http://blogs.nature.com/news/thegreatbeyond/2009/12/ hubble_revisits_distant_haunt.html BBC News (online) http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8401374.stm We also appeared in The Times (print version) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |