Nuclear Structure and Reactions: Theory and Experiment
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Surrey
Department Name: Physics
Abstract
Nuclear physics research is undergoing a transformation. For a hundred years, atomic nuclei have been probed by collisions between stable beams and stable targets, with just a small number of radioactive isotopes being available. Now, building on steady progress over the past 20 years, it is at last becoming possible to generate intense beams of a wide range of short-lived isotopes, so-called 'radioactive beams'. This enables us vastly to expand the scope of experimental nuclear research. For example, it is now realistic to plan to study in the laboratory a range of nuclear reactions that take place in exploding stars. Thereby, we will be able to understand how the chemical elements that we find on Earth were formed and distributed through the Universe. At the core of our experimental research is our strong participation at leading European radioactive-beam facilities: FAIR at GSI, Darmstadt, Germany; SPIRAL at GANIL, Caen, France; and ISOLDE at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. While we are now contributing, or planning to contribute, to substantial technical developments at these facilities, the present grant request is focused on the exploitation of the capabilities that are now becoming available. To achieve our physics objectives, we also need to use other facilities, including stable-isotope accelerators, since these can provide complementary capabilities. Experimental progress is intimately linked with theory, where novel and practical approaches are a hallmark of the Surrey group. A key and unique feature (within the UK) of our group is our blend of theoretical and experimental capability. Our science goals are aligned with current STFC strategy for nuclear physics, as expressed in detail through the Nuclear Physics Advisory Panel. We wish to understand the boundaries of nuclear existence, i.e. the limiting conditions that enable neutrons and protons to bind together to form nuclei. Under such conditions, the nuclear system is in a delicate state and shows unusual phenomena. It is very sensitive to the properties of the nuclear force. For example, weakly bound neutrons can orbit their parent nucleus at remarkably large distances. This is already known, and our group made key contributions to this knowledge. What is unknown is whether, and to what extent, the neutrons and protons can show different collective behaviours. Also unknown, for most elements, is how many neutrons can bind to a given number of protons. It is features such as these that determine how stars explode. So, we need a more sophisticated understanding of the nuclear force, and we need experimental information about nuclei with unusual combinations of neutrons and protons to test our theoretical ideas and models. Therefore, theory and experiment go hand-in-hand as we push forward towards the nuclear limits. An overview of nuclear binding reveals that about one half of predicted nuclei have never been observed, and the vast majority of this unknown territory involves nuclei with an excess of neutrons. The focus of our activity addresses this 'neutron-rich' territory, exploiting the new capabilities with radioactive beams. Our principal motivation is the basic science, and we contribute strongly to the world sum of knowledge and understanding. Nevertheless, there are more-tangible benefits. For example, our radiation-detector advances can be incorporated in medical diagnosis and treatment. In addition, we provide an excellent training environment for our research students and staff, many of whom go on to work in the nuclear power industry, helping to fill the current skills gap. On a more adventurous note, our special interest in nuclear isomers (energy traps) could lead to novel energy applications. Furthermore, we have a keen interest in sharing our specialist knowledge with a wide audience, and we already have an enviable track record with the media.
Organisations
Publications
Rahaman A
(2014)
Study of Ground State Wave-function of the Neutron-rich 29,30 Na Isotopes through Coulomb Breakup
in EPJ Web of Conferences
Wilson E
(2014)
Study of 207 Tl 126 Produced in Deep-Inelastic Reactions
in EPJ Web of Conferences
Podolyák Z
(2014)
Studies of exotic nuclei with advanced radiation detectors
in Radiation Physics and Chemistry
Cerizza G
(2016)
Structure of Sn 107 studied through single-neutron knockout reactions
in Physical Review C
Sethi J
(2013)
Structure of nearly degenerate dipole bands in 108Ag
in Physics Letters B
Randisi G
(2014)
Structure of 13 Be probed via secondary-beam reactions
in Physical Review C
Catford W
(2015)
Structure of $^{26}$Na via a Novel Technique Using ($d,p\gamma $) with a Radioactive $^{25}$Na Beam
in Acta Physica Polonica B
Shand C
(2015)
Structure of $^{207}$Pb Populated in $^{208}$Pb + $^{208}$Pb Deep-inelastic Collisions
in Acta Physica Polonica B
Grieser M
(2012)
Storage ring at HIE-ISOLDE Technical design report
in The European Physical Journal Special Topics
Johnson R
(2015)
Spin dependence of the incident channel distorted wave in the theory of the A ( d , p ) B reaction
in Physical Review C
Sethi J
(2015)
Spectroscopy of the Low-lying States Near the High Spin Isomer in $^{108}$Ag
in Acta Physica Polonica B
Mutschler A
(2016)
Spectroscopy of P 35 using the one-proton knockout reaction
in Physical Review C
Debenham D
(2016)
Spectroscopy of Kr 70 and isospin symmetry in the T = 1 f p g shell nuclei
in Physical Review C
Stanoiu M
(2012)
Spectroscopy of 26 F
in Physical Review C
Fernández-Domínguez B
(2015)
Spectroscopic study of the exotic nucleus P 25
in Physical Review C
Timofeyuk N
(2013)
Spectroscopic factors and asymptotic normalization coefficients for 0 p -shell nuclei: Recent updates
in Physical Review C
Stevenson P
(2016)
Skyrme tensor force in heavy ion collisions
in Physical Review C
Dutra M
(2012)
Skyrme interaction and nuclear matter constraints
in Physical Review C
Gade A
(2016)
Single-particle structure at N = 29 : The structure of Ar 47 and first spectroscopy of S 45
in Physical Review C
Loebl N
(2012)
Single-particle dissipation in a time-dependent Hartree-Fock approach studied from a phase-space perspective
in Physical Review C
McCleskey E
(2016)
Simultaneous measurement of ß -delayed proton and ? decay of P 27
in Physical Review C
Morales A
(2017)
Simultaneous investigation of the T = 1 ( J p = 0 + ) and T = 0 ( J p = 9 + ) ß decays in Br 70
in Physical Review C
Wilson G
(2016)
Shell evolution approaching the N= 20 island of inversion: Structure of 26Na
in Physics Letters B
Crawford H
(2014)
Shell and shape evolution at N = 28 : The Mg 40 ground state
in Physical Review C
Stevenson P
(2015)
Shapes and Dynamics from the Time-Dependent Mean Field
Jiao C
(2015)
Shape-coexisting rotation in neutron-deficient Hg and Pb nuclei
in Physical Review C
Ha J
(2020)
Shape evolution of neutron-rich Mo 106 , 108 , 110 isotopes in the triaxial degree of freedom
in Physical Review C
Söderström P
(2013)
Shape evolution in 116 , 118 Ru: Triaxiality and transition between the O(6) and U(5) dynamical symmetries
in Physical Review C
Hlophe L
(2013)
Separable representation of phenomenological optical potentials of Woods-Saxon type
in Physical Review C
Reinhard P
(2016)
Sensitivity of the fusion cross section to the density dependence of the symmetry energy
in Physical Review C
Bailey GW
(2016)
Sensitivity of (d, p) Reactions to High n-p Momenta and the Consequences for Nuclear Spectroscopy Studies.
in Physical review letters
Carbone A
(2013)
Self-consistent Green's functions formalism with three-body interactions
in Physical Review C
Al-Khalili Jim
(2013)
Scientific SOS
in NEW SCIENTIST
Shubina D
(2013)
Schottky mass measurements of heavy neutron-rich nuclides in the element range 70 = Z = 79 at the GSI Experimental Storage Ring
in Physical Review C
Kievsky A
(2017)
Saturation properties of helium drops from a leading-order description
in Physical Review A
Dracoulis GD
(2016)
Review of metastable states in heavy nuclei.
in Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)
Zakari-Issoufou A
(2014)
Results of fission products ß decay properties measurement performed with a total absorption spectrometer
in EPJ Web of Conferences
Freer M
(2012)
Resonances in 11 C observed in the 4 He( 7 Be , a ) 7 Be and 4 He( 7 Be , p ) 10 B reactions
in Physical Review C
Stevenson P
(2015)
Resonances and Reactions from Mean-Field Dynamics
Stevenson P
(2016)
Resonances and reactions from mean-field dynamics
in EPJ Web of Conferences
Chen F
(2012)
Residual interactions and the K -mixing-induced fast decay of the three-quasiparticle isomer in 171 Tm
in Physical Review C
Peters W
(2012)
Reply to "Comment on 'Neutron knockout of 12 Be populating neutron-unbound states in 11 Be ' "
in Physical Review C
Larijani C
(2017)
Reference materials produced for a European metrological research project focussing on measurements of NORM.
in Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine
Jones K
(2015)
Recent Direct Reaction Experimental Studies with Radioactive Tin Beams
in Acta Physica Polonica B
Pang D
(2013)
Rapid convergence of the Weinberg expansion of the deuteron stripping amplitude
in Physical Review C
Atar L
(2018)
Quasifree (p, 2p) Reactions on Oxygen Isotopes: Observation of Isospin Independence of the Reduced Single-Particle Strength.
in Physical review letters
Stone N
(2013)
Quasi-particle and collective magnetism: Rotation, pairing and blocking in high-K isomers
in Physics Letters B
Morrison L
(2020)
Quadrupole deformation of Xe 130 measured in a Coulomb-excitation experiment
in Physical Review C
Description | We have advanced the following areas: understanding the limits of the nuclear landscape, especially the neutron-rich limits; understanding and exploiting the reactions needed to reach the limits; studying and understanding novel structures observed on approaching the limits; engaging fully with the international community of nuclear physicists; disseminating results through leading journals and conferences; providing excellent training. |
Exploitation Route | The main beneficiaries of this work will be the national and international nuclear physics communities. In addition, the expected results on shell structure and isomeric states will also be of significant interest to the nuclear-astrophysics and isomer-application communities. We have an active involvement and information exchange with both these nuclear structure 'user' communities. The isomer work also links closely to the atomic physics community, in particular through the study of highly charged ions stored in rings and traps. Our theoretical methods will be of interest to the condensed-matter community, especially in relation to pairing condensates. The work on detector development has wide potential applications for medical diagnosis and treatment. The research will also provide manpower trained to a high level (PhDs and PDRAs with a deep understanding of radiation physics and sensor technologies) who may subsequently be employed in many different areas, such as national security, the nuclear power industries, environmental monitoring and control, and medical physics. |
Sectors | Education,Energy,Environment,Healthcare,Security and Diplomacy |
Description | No specific non-academic impact has yet become material. |