Hyper-Kamiokande (UK Strategy for Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Experiments)
Lead Research Organisation:
Queen Mary University of London
Department Name: Physics
Abstract
The UK is at the forefront of accelerator-based neutrino oscillation physics and is poised to play a prominent role in the multi-purpose, precision Hyper-Kamiokande experiment that offers unprecedented potential for the discovery of CP violation in the leptonic sector. It is universally agreed that the discovery of CP violation in the leptonic sector is critical to progress in particle physics, as it implies the exciting possibility that the lepton sector significantly contributes to the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe. The experiment will also provide much needed information on key neutrino oscillation parameters by significantly increasing their precision and addressing degeneracies (e.g. the theta23 octant). Hyper-Kamioka is the upgrade, or phase II, of the successful T2K experiment in which the UK has a leading role and was a major player in the recent observation of the electron neutrino appearance (Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 061802 (2014)). An upgraded multi-MW beam, a 25 times larger far-detector and an upgraded suite of near detectors, with a potential 2km detector, characterize the new experiment. The far detector, Hyper-Kamiokande (HK), is a next generation, multi-purpose, underground Water Cherenkov detector that will provide hyper-sensitivity that is crucial for the observation of CP-violation as well as greatly extending the search for proton decays, allowing a detailed study of atmospheric neutrinos (permitting the measurement of the neutrino mass hierarchy), and studies of neutrinos from astronomical origins. Precision measurements of solar neutrinos, observation of solar flares, neutrino geophysics are also included in the vast physics portfolio of the experiment.
The Hyper-Kamiokande experiment is central to the particle physics and astrophysics programme in Japan,. There is a strong international commitment and the UK is leading the EU effort.
Such a high precision experiment will require innovation in many areas. The UK effort is targeting strategic areas that exploit current expertise and ensure prominent roles within the experiment guaranteeing full exploitation of the physics potential of the experiment.
The Hyper-Kamiokande experiment is central to the particle physics and astrophysics programme in Japan,. There is a strong international commitment and the UK is leading the EU effort.
Such a high precision experiment will require innovation in many areas. The UK effort is targeting strategic areas that exploit current expertise and ensure prominent roles within the experiment guaranteeing full exploitation of the physics potential of the experiment.
Planned Impact
The Hyper-K experiment is well placed to have a significant impact on our understanding of the Universe through the measurement of a number of keenly awaited quantities most notable of which are: CP-violation in neutrinos and neutrino mass hierarchy. To achieve this project plans to contribute to the experiment by researching and developing detector components that will significantly contribute to achieving these goals. These detector components are ground-breaking in their own right and have the potential to impact fields such as Medical physics through the photosensors that will be investigated as part of the project as well as other fields and the environment (the water target needs to have a high radiopurity which will require innovation to achive this). Perhaps the most important output of the experiment for UK industry will be the hundreds of trained postdocs and graduate students who will receive high-quality scientific training while working on the project.
Hyper-Kamiokande should provide a gold mine for public engagement in science. Any number of examples could be given of public engagement activities driven by the public's fascination with neutrino physics. It has attracted significant attention from the arts that have inspired the production of a number of works.
Hyper-Kamiokande should provide a gold mine for public engagement in science. Any number of examples could be given of public engagement activities driven by the public's fascination with neutrino physics. It has attracted significant attention from the arts that have inspired the production of a number of works.
Publications
Lees JP
(2022)
Search for Darkonium in e^{+}e^{-} Collisions.
in Physical review letters
Machado L
(2022)
Pre-supernova Alert System for Super-Kamiokande
in The Astrophysical Journal
Matsumoto R
(2022)
Search for proton decay via p ? µ + K 0 in 0.37 megaton-years exposure of Super-Kamiokande
in Physical Review D
Migenda J
(2017)
Simulating fast time variations in the supernova neutrino flux in Hyper-Kamiokande
in Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Mori M
(2022)
Searching for Supernova Bursts in Super-Kamiokande IV
in The Astrophysical Journal
Ohmae N
(2021)
Front Cover: Transportable Strontium Optical Lattice Clocks Operated Outside Laboratory at the Level of 10 -18 Uncertainty (Adv. Quantum Technol. 8/2021)
in Advanced Quantum Technologies
Ohmae N
(2021)
Transportable Strontium Optical Lattice Clocks Operated Outside Laboratory at the Level of 10 -18 Uncertainty
in Advanced Quantum Technologies
Simpson C
(2019)
Sensitivity of Super-Kamiokande with Gadolinium to Low Energy Antineutrinos from Pre-supernova Emission
in The Astrophysical Journal
T2K Collaboration
(2020)
Constraint on the matter-antimatter symmetry-violating phase in neutrino oscillations.
in Nature
Description | The goal of this project is to establish the UK within the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment and identify items to carry forwards towards construction. The UK leadership positions in the experiment are also testimony that the contributions of the UK are recognised by the Hyper-Kamiokande collaboration. All the items apart from the HPTPC that will follow an independent path as a generic neutrino detector, aiming to be deployed at ND280 for T2K and Hyper-Kamiokande as well as contributing to the DUNE near detector suite will be carried forward. The HPTPC is now part of the CERN neutrino platform. We identified the items for the Hyper-Kamiokande construction of the far detector tank and we have positioned ourselves in a leading role in all the items. The items that we will bring to construction are: - Data Acquisition. We have developed a few framework, ToolDAQ, that we are now using for the Hyper-Kamiokande DAQ. - Calibration. We will focus on the items we are developing and that will be tested in the Super-Kamiokande detector. We are going to deploy the LED based optical injection calibration system in Super-K in 2018. This will expand upon Super-K capabilities and demonstrate the system for Hyper-K. The fake-muon neutron source and the neutron calibrations are planned to be tested in EGADS, the 20ton tank used for testing the gadolinium doping first and then potentially deployed at Super-Kamiokande after the refurbishment. - Outer Detector. We are working on the photosensor system that includes the PMTs and wavelength shifter plates. We aim to contribute to the full photosensor system of the OD. The design of the OD, that includes what types and sizes of PMTs and WLS plates we will be using, will be carried out during the pre-construction grant. During the R&D grant we focussed on implementing the needed software in the simulation and start to test the PMTs. - Beam. We have irradiated and are planning to test beam window material and are designing the target and beam window necessary for Hyper-Kamiokande. Due to the continuous running of T2K up to when Hyper-Kamiokande will start to take data, we aim to install our items before the Hyper-Kamiokande detector becomes operational. Moreover, we will continue performing further studies on radiation damage of materials ongoing, within the RADIATE collaboration. Furthermore, our work on the intermediate Water Cherenkov detector TITUS, that led to the merging with NuPRISM and the creation of E61, is also recognised by several leadership positions in the E61 collaboration where we will focus on the DAQ and calibration. These vital contributions to E61 have strong similarities with our objectives for Super-Kamiokande, allowing us to exploit synergies and testing opportunities, and strengthening our expertise in these areas. During the length of the current grant we also had to change our approach for the travel funds and the project management. We realized that that the usage of the JENNIFER funds provides too low funds for multiple trips, so we had to request to use the contingency (£45k) that was agreed by the OSc. Furthermore, although we did have a project manager, we realized that a dedicated project manager is needed, especially moving towards construction. A dedicated project manager will be taking care of the project management during pre-construction. |
Exploitation Route | Towards the end of the R&D grant, the UK Hyper-K collaboration applied and was awarded an STFC PRD pre-construction grant from Oct 2017 to Sept 2019 that will allow to transition from the R&D phase to the construction of the detector. The work during the pre-construction phase is based on the results and outputs achieved during the R&D grant. |
Sectors | Other |
Description | In this project we both had several impact cases as well as put the seedcorn for future impact. We also worked on knowledge dissemination. Impact Super-Kamiokande: we were invited to join the Super-Kamiokande collaboration, without needing to contribute to the common funds. This will allow the UK collaboration to gain direct expertise on a system that is serving as underlying base for the Hyper-Kamiokande detector, as well as directly gain access to the data. Furthermore, we will be able to directly test our calibration prototypes in a realistic environment. Gadolinium: we have established the UK as the country in which testing of the gadolinium samples to be used in Super-Kamiokande is being performed. Our involvement in the Super-K Gadolinium testing programme at Boulby has led to the expansion of the number of Ge detectors at the Boulby mine (Canberra UK). Photosensors: we have established a working connection with EtEnterprises in the UK for the development and production of the photosensors. EtEnterprises developed a new faster 3'' PMT that we have tested as a candidate for the Outer Detector. We have also been discussing further developments as well as testing and mass production if we go ahead making the full order for the PMTs. New developed PMTs will expand the EtEnterprises catalogue and thus the company's potential market. ToolDAQ: we have written (author: Ben Richards) a new DAQ framework, currently used by Hyper-Kamiokande as well as E61 and also adopted by the ANNIE collaboration. As ANNIE is taking data and consists of a diversified set of technology solutions for the electronics and PMT and is also Gd oped, it provides an ideal testing ground for ToolDAQ and further developments to ToolDAQ. During the length of this grant, the members of the UK collaboration contributed to the knowledge dissemination in several ways: giving presentation at conferences, seminars, posters as well as offering thesis and projects to master and undergraduate students on Hyper-Kamiokande. Furthermore, several T2K PhD students are also partially working on Hyper-Kamiokande. |
First Year Of Impact | 2017 |
Sector | Other |
Impact Types | Economic |
Description | Long Baseline Neutrino Committee |
Geographic Reach | North America |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
Description | Member of LHC Experiments Committee |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Membership of a guideline committee |
URL | http://committees.web.cern.ch/Committees/lhcc/ |
Description | Member of the Long Baseline Neutrino Committee (LBNC) |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
Impact | This committee affected the direction of the experiment. |
Description | Hyper-Kamiokande Construction |
Amount | £452,977 (GBP) |
Funding ID | ST/X002535/1 |
Organisation | Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 08/2022 |
End | 03/2026 |
Description | Hyper-Kamiokande construction |
Amount | £99,346 (GBP) |
Funding ID | ST/V006215/1 |
Organisation | Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 08/2021 |
End | 09/2022 |
Description | MSCA- RISE JENNIFER2 |
Amount | € 358,800 (EUR) |
Funding ID | EU Grant n.822070 |
Organisation | European Commission H2020 |
Sector | Public |
Country | Belgium |
Start | 03/2019 |
End | 03/2023 |
Description | MSCA-RISE JENNIFER |
Amount | € 126,324 (EUR) |
Organisation | European Commission H2020 |
Sector | Public |
Country | Belgium |
Start | 03/2015 |
End | 03/2019 |
Description | Radiation Damage In Accelerator Target Environments (RaDIATE) |
Organisation | Fermilab - Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory |
Country | United States |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | Design and coordination of research into radiation damage of graphite and titanium |
Collaborator Contribution | Irradiation of samples for testing effects of radiation damage on materials properties. |
Impact | Materials science: https://radiate.fnal.gov/publications/ |
Start Year | 2012 |
Description | Super-Kamiokande |
Organisation | Super-Kamiokande |
Country | Japan |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
PI Contribution | We have joined in January 2016. We are working on a calibration system for neutron. We have taken shifts. |
Collaborator Contribution | Expertise in calibration. Detection of low background in gadolinium samples. |
Impact | This collaboration has just started |
Start Year | 2016 |
Description | Member of the STFC PPGP committee |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Member of the PPGP panel for the STFC. The panel reviews and decides upon applications for funding for current experiments and equipment requests. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016,2017,2018,2019 |
Description | Public lecture |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | Presentation of research work to general public to engage them in what we research. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015,2016,2017,2018 |
Description | Public lecture A century of neutrinos |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | General public talk introducing neutrinos and the work performed. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Royal Society Summer Science Exhibit |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | The Ghosts in the Universe exhibit at the Royal Society Summer Science event which ran for 1 week in the beginning of July 2018 was visited by more than 10,000 people (from the UK and international). The exhibit described the purpose of the experiment, what it intends to measure and what the UK groups were contributing to. The exhibit also described the theory driving the experiment. The exhibit was extremely popular and generated keen interest in the experiment. Followers to our Twitter feed increased by more than 200 as a result of the event. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
URL | https://royalsociety.org/science-events-and-lectures/2018/summer-science-exhibition/exhibits/ghosts-... |
Description | SK Golden Sonic Booooum |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Talk and Demonstrations to people from the public at the Manchester Science Festival. local press release |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2010 |
Description | SK Sonic Boooum |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | The presentation was performed each evening during the first week of November. It was a very interactive session with many questions from the public.The event was attended by approximately 100 people/day. This event was asked to be performed a second time at the Manchester Science Festival |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
Description | Talk about neutrinos at the Undergraduate conference for women in physics. |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
Results and Impact | Invited speaker to the conference for undergraduate women in physics. Talk was well received and I answered/discussed questions on neutrino physics and my career to date. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Talks at Open Days |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | Engaging school students to study physics at the univerdity |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018 |
Description | Talks at School |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | Engaging students in physics |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018 |
Description | Talks in science festivals |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Talks given to general audience to make physics more understandable to general public |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018 |