Astronomy at Durham 2020-2023
Lead Research Organisation:
Durham University
Department Name: Physics
Abstract
Astronomy can capture the public imagination to a greater extent than almost any other branch of science. It is accessible to anyone who gazes up into the night sky to look at the Moon, the planets, stars, and nearby galaxies. Our understanding of the universe has developed rapidly over the past several decades. On the basis of the standard cosmological model we live in a universe where at least two thirds of the mass energy is in the form of dark energy which causes the Universe to expand at an ever increasing rate. About a quarter of the mass energy is in the form of dark matter, most probably a new weakly interacting elementary particle yet to be detected on Earth (and hence of great interest to particle physicists). The remaining five percent of the mass energy is in the form of ordinary, or baryonic, matter of which only about a tenth is in stars and planets such as the Earth, and the rest resides mostly as gas in between galaxies.
Our programme combines cutting-edge theoretical and observational research with innovative instrumentation development to understand the universe in which we inhabit. We blend theoretical research on the earliest phases of the Universe with theoretical and observational projects to determine the formation and evolution of black holes, galaxies, and the larger-scale structures in which they reside. We confront the predictions from our models with our latest observational results, while actively exploiting innovative instrumentation developments pursued in Durham. We will explore astrophysical clues to the identity of the dark matter and the nature of the dark energy, focus on the evolution of galaxies back to the earliest times in the Universe and the influence on which the larger-scale environment has had on their properties. We will investigate the formation and evolution of black holes and their role in determining the structure and properties of galaxies and their larger scale structures, using the latest instruments on ground-based observatories and Earth-orbiting satellites.
Our programme combines cutting-edge theoretical and observational research with innovative instrumentation development to understand the universe in which we inhabit. We blend theoretical research on the earliest phases of the Universe with theoretical and observational projects to determine the formation and evolution of black holes, galaxies, and the larger-scale structures in which they reside. We confront the predictions from our models with our latest observational results, while actively exploiting innovative instrumentation developments pursued in Durham. We will explore astrophysical clues to the identity of the dark matter and the nature of the dark energy, focus on the evolution of galaxies back to the earliest times in the Universe and the influence on which the larger-scale environment has had on their properties. We will investigate the formation and evolution of black holes and their role in determining the structure and properties of galaxies and their larger scale structures, using the latest instruments on ground-based observatories and Earth-orbiting satellites.
Planned Impact
We have a strong track record of public engagement. What started out as a Physics-centric outreach initiative over a decade ago has become a University wide activity. It has led to the creation of the highly successful Celebrate Science festival in Durham, which attracts ~7,000 people each year. This year we are aiming to quantify the impact of our outreach by sending out carefully designed questionnaires to the local schools attending the Durham University Schools' Science Festival, which attracts over 850 pupils annually. This will allow us to develop our outreach activities into an impact case study for the upcoming REF exercise, combining the six Royal Society Summer Science exhibitions that we have been involved in between 2002-2016. We aim to submit a new proposal for Summer Science 2020 or 2021 to refresh our outreach materials. Building on the Cosmic Architecture and Cosmoscope installations we built for Durham's Lumiere festival in 2017, we plan to include one or more of these in the "greatest hits" version of Lumiere in 2019, the tenth anniversary of the first event, after which we will develop new exhibits for Lumiere 2021.
Our Knowledge Exchange (KE) programme builds upon the strong industry links within all three of the astronomy groups at Durham, and has been expanded in recent years with the establishment of the Durham Data Intensive Science CDT. We will continue to exploit the opportunities afforded by the CDT for placements and team projects with local SMEs and wider UK industries. We will also use these opportunities to build the visibility of our wider research knowledge and skills to industry.
We are expanding our capabilities in precision diamond machining via infrastructure investments from the University and elsewhere, and will seek to develop their economic impact via applications into the STFC FOF and IPS programmes. Our expertise in adaptive optics is recognised worldwide and we will continue develop its international impact with joint programmes in China, Turkey & Thailand. Our work on novel detectors (MKIDs) will naturally support wider European initiatives such as the ATTRACT project.
Finally, our broader research programme underpins the research and development of a cohort of postgraduate students at Durham, providing them with training in specific and transferable skills which is being accelerated by our CDTs. Former students have taken jobs in a range of industries from computer gaming to finance and genetics. Physics students at Durham benefit through their participation in our research work via their 4th year MPhys projects. Our technical training of these post/undergraduate students provides a pool of talented, skilled candidates to the UK economy which will continue throughout the period of our Consolidated Grant proposal. We will continue to add industrial partners to the CDT in Data Intensive Science to offer new placement opportunities for PhD students and for students on our new MSc course in Scientific Computing and Data Analysis.
Our Knowledge Exchange (KE) programme builds upon the strong industry links within all three of the astronomy groups at Durham, and has been expanded in recent years with the establishment of the Durham Data Intensive Science CDT. We will continue to exploit the opportunities afforded by the CDT for placements and team projects with local SMEs and wider UK industries. We will also use these opportunities to build the visibility of our wider research knowledge and skills to industry.
We are expanding our capabilities in precision diamond machining via infrastructure investments from the University and elsewhere, and will seek to develop their economic impact via applications into the STFC FOF and IPS programmes. Our expertise in adaptive optics is recognised worldwide and we will continue develop its international impact with joint programmes in China, Turkey & Thailand. Our work on novel detectors (MKIDs) will naturally support wider European initiatives such as the ATTRACT project.
Finally, our broader research programme underpins the research and development of a cohort of postgraduate students at Durham, providing them with training in specific and transferable skills which is being accelerated by our CDTs. Former students have taken jobs in a range of industries from computer gaming to finance and genetics. Physics students at Durham benefit through their participation in our research work via their 4th year MPhys projects. Our technical training of these post/undergraduate students provides a pool of talented, skilled candidates to the UK economy which will continue throughout the period of our Consolidated Grant proposal. We will continue to add industrial partners to the CDT in Data Intensive Science to offer new placement opportunities for PhD students and for students on our new MSc course in Scientific Computing and Data Analysis.
Publications
Ni Q
(2021)
The XMM-SERVS Survey: XMM-Newton Point-source Catalogs for the W-CDF-S and ELAIS-S1 Fields
in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
Martinelli M
(2021)
Euclid : Impact of non-linear and baryonic feedback prescriptions on cosmological parameter estimation from weak lensing cosmic shear
in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Smith R
(2021)
A fully-spectroscopic triple-source-plane lens: the Jackpot completed
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Liu Y
(2021)
Biased Tracer Reconstruction with Halo Mass Information
in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
Moreno V
(2021)
Baryon-driven decontraction in Milky Way mass haloes
Monson E
(2021)
On the Nature of AGN and Star Formation Enhancement in the z = 3.1 SSA22 Protocluster: The HST WFC3 IR View
in The Astrophysical Journal
Becker C
(2021)
Proca-stinated cosmology. Part II. Matter, halo, and lensing statistics in the vector Galileon
in Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
Acharyya A
(2021)
Locating the gamma-ray emission region in the brightest Fermi -LAT flat-spectrum radio quasars
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Koss M
(2021)
BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey. XX. Molecular Gas in Nearby Hard-X-Ray-selected AGN Galaxies
in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
Stanford S
(2021)
Euclid Preparation. XIV. The Complete Calibration of the Color-Redshift Relation (C3R2) Survey: Data Release 3
in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
Fossati M
(2021)
MUSE analysis of gas around galaxies (MAGG) - III. The gas and galaxy environment of z = 3-4.5 quasars
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Burke CJ
(2021)
A characteristic optical variability time scale in astrophysical accretion disks.
in Science (New York, N.Y.)
Alston W
(2021)
Quasi-periodic dipping in the ultraluminous X-ray source, NGC 247 ULX-1
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Hernández-Aguayo C
(2021)
Building a digital twin of a luminous red galaxy spectroscopic survey: galaxy properties and clustering covariance
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Cochrane R
(2021)
Resolving a dusty, star-forming SHiZELS galaxy at z = 2.2 with HST , ALMA, and SINFONI on kiloparsec scales
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Tasse C
(2021)
The LOFAR Two-meter Sky Survey: Deep Fields Data Release 1 I. Direction-dependent calibration and imaging
in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Macfarlane C
(2021)
The radio loudness of SDSS quasars from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: ubiquitous jet activity and constraints on star formation
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Shanks T
(2021)
The nature of sub-millimetre galaxies I: a comparison of AGN and star-forming galaxy SED fits
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Jarvis M
(2021)
The quasar feedback survey: discovering hidden Radio-AGN and their connection to the host galaxy ionized gas
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Kara E
(2021)
AGN STORM 2. I. First results: A Change in the Weather of Mrk 817
in The Astrophysical Journal
Greimel R
(2021)
High-resolution H a imaging of the northern Galactic plane and the IGAPS image database
in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sun F
(2021)
Extensive Lensing Survey of Optical and Near-infrared Dark Objects (El Sonido): HST H-faint Galaxies behind 101 Lensing Clusters
in The Astrophysical Journal
Martinelli M
(2021)
Euclid : Constraining dark energy coupled to electromagnetism using astrophysical and laboratory data
in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Bonaccini Calia D
(2021)
CaNaPy: SatComm LGS-AO experimental platform with laser uplink pre-compensation
Delhaize J
(2021)
MIGHTEE: are giant radio galaxies more common than we thought?
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Anshul P
(2021)
Pair lines of sight observations of multiphase gas bearing O vi in a galaxy environment
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Mitchell M
(2021)
A general framework to test gravity using galaxy clusters - V. A self-consistent pipeline for unbiased constraints of f ( R ) gravity
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Burtscher L
(2021)
LLAMA: Stellar populations in the nuclei of ultra-hard X-ray-selected AGN and matched inactive galaxies
in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Jiménez Muñoz A
(2021)
Euclid: Estimation of the Impact of Correlated Readout Noise for Flux Measurements with the Euclid NISP Instrument*
in Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Da Cunha E
(2021)
Measurements of the Dust Properties in z ? 1-3 Submillimeter Galaxies with ALMA
in The Astrophysical Journal
Hottinger P
(2021)
On-sky results for the novel integrated micro-lens ring tip-tilt sensor
Abdalla H
(2021)
Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array for probing cosmology and fundamental physics with gamma-ray propagation
in Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
Cheng T
(2021)
Galaxy morphological classification catalogue of the Dark Energy Survey Year 3 data with convolutional neural networks
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Mao T
(2021)
Baryon acoustic oscillations reconstruction using convolutional neural networks
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Fawcett V
(2021)
How Are Red and Blue Quasars Different? The Radio Properties
in Galaxies
Suzuki T
(2021)
Dust, Gas, and Metal Content in Star-forming Galaxies at z ~ 3.3 Revealed with ALMA and Near-IR Spectroscopy
in The Astrophysical Journal
Santos-Santos I
(2021)
Magellanic satellites in ?CDM cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of the Local Group
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Su, Kung-Yi
(2021)
Which AGN jets quench star formation in massive galaxies?
Richings A
(2021)
Unravelling the physics of multiphase AGN winds through emission line tracers
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Dalton, T.
(2021)
Probing the physical properties of the intergalactic medium using blazars
in arXiv
Zarrouk P
(2021)
Baryon acoustic oscillations in the projected cross-correlation function between the eBOSS DR16 quasars and photometric galaxies from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Jiménez E
(2021)
The assembly bias of emission-line galaxies
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Romualdez LJ
(2021)
Publisher's Note: "Robust diffraction-limited near-infrared-to-near-ultraviolet wide-field imaging from stratospheric balloon-borne Platforms-Super-pressure Balloon-borne Imaging Telescope performance" [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 91, 034501 (2020)].
in The Review of scientific instruments
Flower D
(2021)
Collisional cooling of primordial and interstellar media by H2
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Feng X
(2021)
Development of an 11-channel multi wavelength imaging diagnostic for divertor plasmas in MAST Upgrade.
in The Review of scientific instruments
Description | Data Intensive Science Translation Fellow |
Amount | £276,889 (GBP) |
Funding ID | ST/R005516/1 |
Organisation | Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 07/2018 |
End | 06/2021 |
Description | Dirac-3 Operations 2019-2022- Durham |
Amount | £2,232,863 (GBP) |
Funding ID | ST/S003908/1 |
Organisation | Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 10/2019 |
End | 03/2020 |
Description | Dirac-3 Operations 2019-2022- Durham |
Amount | £1,748,945 (GBP) |
Funding ID | ST/V002376/1 |
Organisation | Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 10/2019 |
End | 03/2023 |
Description | Durham Astronomy Consolidated Grant 2017-2020 |
Amount | £5,911,198 (GBP) |
Funding ID | ST/P000541/1 |
Organisation | Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 04/2017 |
End | 03/2021 |
Description | STFC Durham Physics 2017 DTP |
Amount | £735,070 (GBP) |
Funding ID | ST/R504725/1 |
Organisation | Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2017 |
End | 09/2021 |
Description | Using Cosmic Beasts to Uncover the Nature of Dark Matter |
Amount | £743,842 (GBP) |
Funding ID | MR/S017216/1 |
Organisation | Medical Research Council (MRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 05/2019 |
End | 04/2023 |
Description | Your Place in the Universe |
Amount | £14,484 (GBP) |
Funding ID | ST/T00567X/1 |
Organisation | Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 08/2020 |
End | 03/2022 |
Description | Zooming in on feedback in active galaxies: the first high-resolution radio survey |
Amount | £992,150 (GBP) |
Funding ID | MR/T042842/1 |
Organisation | Medical Research Council (MRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 10/2020 |
End | 09/2024 |
Description | LOFAR radio telescope |
Organisation | LOFAR |
Country | Netherlands |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Development of the processing and reduction of international long-baseline array data |
Collaborator Contribution | Priority access to the LOFAR radio data |
Impact | Publications on the long-baseline LOFAR results will be coming out very soon |
Start Year | 2019 |
Description | SKA radio telescope |
Organisation | SKA Square Kilometre Array |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
PI Contribution | Scientific and technical development through membership of the SKA science committee and member of very long baseline interferometry and extragalactic continuum working groups. |
Collaborator Contribution | Scientific planning and development. |
Impact | none |
Start Year | 2019 |
Description | Astronomical society talks (~5/year) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Giving presentations on specialist topics to astronomical societies: typically about 5/year. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022 |
Description | Celebrate Science Festival |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Celebrate Science is an annual Durham University science festival. It runs for approximately 3 days and attracts about 7000 visitors, many of them school children and their parents: it is scheduled for a half-term week. Each year ~30 members of the astronomy group participate to the Celebrate Science festival. They engage with visitors through exhibits including many created in the astronomy group such as our "Galaxy Maker" and "Gravitational Lens" simulators. Unfortunately, Celebrate Science was cancelled in 2020 due to the covid pandemic and was on line in 2021. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017,2018,2019,2022 |
URL | https://www.dur.ac.uk/celebrate.science/ |
Description | General public talks including Pint of Science |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Presenting and discussing ideas in astronomy and cosmology to the general public including the popular "Pint of Science" series of talks organised in a local pubs. Typically about 10 talks/year. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022 |
Description | Royal Society Summer Science Exhibition 2020 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | The Summer Science Exhibition is run by the Royal Society and is held in London. Over 14,000 members of the public including 2000 school children visit the Summer Science Exhibition each year. Many more are engaged through media coverage on TV and online. Exhibiting at the Royal Society not only engages the school children and the general public in STEM subjects, it also has the potential to influence policy makers and to engage potential funders. We estimate we had direct contact with over 3000 visitors for our astronomy and cosmology exhibits. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020,2022 |
Description | School visits to enthuse students about STEM subjects (~10/year) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | School visits to discuss astronomy to enthuse them in STEM-related subjects. Typically ~10 visits per year. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022 |