BAS Geology and Geophysics

Lead Research Organisation: British Antarctic Survey
Department Name: UNLISTED

Abstract

Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.

Publications

10 25 50
 
Title 3D view of the Gamburtsev Mountains 
Description The artwork is displayed in the BAS Directorate and exemplifies data as art with stunning mysterious subglacial landscapes revealed under the East Antarctic Ice Sheet that reveal the form and extent of the least known mountain range on Earth- the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2014 
Impact Nice visibility for geosciences research and frontier exploration for senior management and visitors of BAS 
 
Title BAS Data as Art project 
Description subglacial imagery 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2015 
Impact public engagement 
URL https://www.bas.ac.uk/project/data-as-art/data-as-art-03/
 
Description Three major findings from Geology and Geophysics are highlighted here for the 2019-2020 reporting period.
Firstly, we have published as part of a new international consortia the most updated continental scale bedrock topography map for Antarctica in Nature Geoscience (Morlighem et al., 2019). The compilation represents a major update wrt ot the previous Bedmap 2.0 product we contributed to and published in 2013, and most notably includes our major new datasets acquired over 2 out of three of the previously unexplored frontiers in the Antarctic continent, including the Recovery and South Pole frontiers. This new compilation will: 1) enable more robust models of future ice sheet responses to climate and ocean change to be derived. These are, in turn, critical in order to predict how much Antarctica will contribute to future global sea level rise; 2) it provides a key product to study how the Antarctic ice sheet itself evolved and modified the underlying landscape over the last 34 Ma; 3) provides a new tool to study how the deeper structure of the Earth, including in particular the crust and lithosphere and its tectonic and geodynamic evolution have shaped the Antarctic bedrock itself.
The second highlight is the work published in the Journal Geophysical Research Letters (Pappa et al., 2019) that reports on the first 3D model of the Antarctic lithosphere obtained by combining recent satellite gravity gradient, seismological and petrological modelling. Better understanding the 3D architecture and composition of the Antarctic lithosphere is essential if we are to comprehend how the Solid Earth influences the dynamics of past, present and future ice sheets. For example, understanding the viscosity of the mantle is imperative in order to better constrain processes such as glacio-isostatic adjustment (that is how the Solid Earth responded to growing and retreating ice sheets). Better constraining geothermal heat flux is also critical in order to model its influence on subglacial hydrology and basal conditions. The new 3D model of the Antarctic lithosphere is therefore an essential first step forwards and a prelude to current and future studies that will focus more also on shallower crustal structure (our current work with ADMAP 2.0+ and also 4D Antarctica).
The third highlight is the paper by Jordan et al., (2020) that presents a unique and updated overview of the geology of West Antarctica, including new insights derived from recent UK and US geological and geophysical research in the Weddell Sea, Antarctic Peninsula and Marie Byrd Land respectively. As noted in this study, although major progress has been made in deciphering key stages of West Antarctica' s geological evolution including both its long-lived subduction heritage and back-arc basin development since the break of Gondwana there are still many open questions especially around the geology buried under the thick West Antarctic ice sheet and on how geology and deeper crustal and lithosphere structure also influence the most vulnerable ice sheet left on Earth.
Exploitation Route The research we have performed provides major contributions to many different fields of geoscience research. First, the surveys and data compilation we have completed over East Antarctica and the Weddell Sea provided key inputs for the new Bedmachine compilation that promises to be a highly used product for the glaciological, geomorphology, geological and geophysical international research communities over next few years.

Second, the research we have completed as part of the GOCE+Antarctica effort that has yielded a first 3D model of the Antarctic lithosphere is a stepping stone for the Solid Earth and GIA communities to develop new models of Solid Earth-Crysophere interactions and is already being used to set up new 4D Antarctica research into the variability of geothermal heat flux and its influence on subglacial hydrology.

Our overview into West Antarctica is also important in that it provides a new platform to promote new thinking on behalf of the Antarctic community about where we should go next wrt to studying the lithospheric cradle of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.
Sectors Aerospace

Defence and Marine

Education

Environment

URL https://www.bas.ac.uk/team/science-teams/geosciences/
 
Description 4D Antarctica
Amount € 1,000,000 (EUR)
Funding ID ESA-IPL-POE-NB-sp-RPF-2015-951 
Organisation European Space Agency 
Sector Public
Country France
Start 11/2019 
End 10/2022
 
Description ADMAP 2.0+ (part of 3D Earth)
Amount € 1,550,000 (EUR)
Funding ID 40000118332 
Organisation European Space Agency 
Sector Public
Country France
Start 03/2018 
End 09/2020
 
Description Development of an international research group in hyperspectral thermal remote sensing of volcanic processes and terrains
Amount £35,627 (GBP)
Funding ID NE/R004935/1 
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 03/2018 
End 02/2022
 
Description EU Horizon 2020 Marie Curie Fellowship
Amount € 183,455 (EUR)
Organisation European Commission 
Department Horizon 2020
Sector Public
Country European Union (EU)
Start 04/2015 
End 05/2017
 
Description European Space Agency tender call
Amount € 300,000 (EUR)
Funding ID 4000115049/15/NL/MP 
Organisation European Space Agency 
Sector Public
Country France
Start 03/2016 
End 07/2017
 
Description European Space Agency tender call
Amount € 951,000 (EUR)
Funding ID ESA Contract N0 400011522/15/NL/FF/gp 
Organisation European Space Agency 
Sector Public
Country France
Start 12/2015 
End 11/2017
 
Title 3D Lithosphere modelling 
Description Innovative methodologies have been developed in collaboration with the University of Kiel to model the Antarctic lithosphere in 3D by combining gravity, seismological and petrological approaches. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2019 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The main impact is the availability of the tool and results to other researchers and the approach can be used both to produce next generation models in Antarctica and golbally using satellite gravity data approaches in particular 
URL https://www.3dearth.uni-kiel.de/en/the-concept-of-3d-earth-2013-a-dynamic-living-planet
 
Title Airborne geophysics 
Description The airborne geophysics method used includes the acquisition of magnetic, gravity, radio echo sounding and laser scanning datasets. All the groups involved in the research had access to training in the data acquisition and processing techniques required 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2018 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact The method is relatively standard but the integration of all the systems makes the BAS platform one of the cutting edge platforms internationally 
URL https://www.bas.ac.uk/polar-operations/sites-and-facilities/facility/airborne-science-and-technology...
 
Title Improvements to satellite gravity imaging 
Description Working together with the University of Kiel a new tool for exploiting and interpreting global gravity Earth Observation data has been developed. Satellite gravity gradient data are like full tensor airborne gravity data useful for studies of the lithosphere and shallower geology respectively but the simultaneous visualisation and interpretation of these data is complex even for experts in the field. Using simpler curvature and shape index products we can represent the gravity gradient data in a simpler way and we have demonstrated the utility of our products at both global and continent-wide scale, including in particular for ongoing satellite-gravity gradient studies of the Antarctic lithosphere. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2018 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The impact is that this tool promises to help with the interpretation of both satellite and airborne gravity datasets. 
URL http://www.3dearth.uni-kiel.de/en/public-data-products
 
Title Aeromagnetic survey across the Brunt Ice Shelf, 2017 
Description This dataset contains aeromagnetic data collected opportunistically during an airborne radar survey of the Brunt Ice Shelf as part of the NERC/BAS Life Time of Halley project. The survey was flown draped with an average height above the ice surface of 420m, and includes 4716 km of new data. The aircraft used was the BAS aerogeophysically equipped twin otter VP-FBL. Data are available include all data streams from raw to fully processed, following the ADMAP 2 naming convention, and are provided in both Geosoft database (.gdb) and ASCII file formats (.xyz). Base station data is also provided. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2018 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact N/A 
 
Title Airborne magnetic data covering the Evans, and Rutford Ice Streams, and ice rises in the Ronne Ice Shelf (2006/07) 
Description An airborne radar survey was flown as part of the GRADES-IMAGE project funded by BAS over the Evans Ice stream/Carson Inlet region mainly to image englacial layers and bedrock topography during the 2006/07 field season. Aeromagnetic data were also opportunistically collected. We present here the processed line aeromagnetic data collected using scintrex cesium magnetometers mounted on the BAS aerogeophysical equipped Twin Otter. Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01350
 
Title Airborne radar bed elevation picks across the Wilkes Subglacial Basin, 2005/2006 
Description This data set contains bed and surface elevation picks derived from airborne radar collected during the WISE/ISODYN project. This collaborative UK/Italian project collected ~ 61000 line km of new aerogeophysical data during the 2005/2006 austral summer, over the previously poorly surveyed Wilkes subglacial basin, Dome C, George V Land and Northern Victoria Land. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2018 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact N/A 
 
Title Antarctic Gravity Database 
Description This is the most complete database to date of gravity anomalies compiled so far containing almost 50 years of international observations including 13 million data points covering an area of 10 million km2, which corresponds to 73% coverage of the continent. The data is a legacy of exploration and will serve as new foundation to study the structure of the crust and lithosphere in Antarctica as well as for geodetic studies and the development of next generation Global Earth Gravity models that before for Antarctica relied mainly on lower spatial resolution satellite observations 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2016 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact This database will have significant impact on the geodetic. geophysical and geological communities and the research in geological and lithospheric boundary conditions will be important also for the glaciological and paleo-ice sheet community as such conditions can influence ice sheet dynamics and also glacio-isostatic adjustment processes. 
 
Title Antarctica's Gamburtsev Province (AGAP) Project - Aeromagnetic data (2007-2009) 
Description Aeromagnetic data collected as part of the seven nation Antarctica's Gamburtsev Province (AGAP) expedition during the International Polar Year 2007-2009, and used to acquire a detailed image of the ice sheet bed deep in the interior of East Antarctica. Airborne geophysical methods were used to understand the fundamental structure shrouded beneath Dome A. Two twin Otter aircraft - one BAS, one United States Antarctic Program (USAP) - equipped with ice-sounding radars, laser ranging systems, gravity meters and magnetomemeters, operated from camps located on either side of Dome A. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01308
 
Title Antarctica's Gamburtsev Province (AGAP) Project - Airborne gravity data (2007-2009) 
Description Aerogravity data collected as part of the seven nation Antarctica's Gamburtsev Province (AGAP) expedition during the International Polar Year 2007-2009, and used to acquire a detailed image of the ice sheet bed deep in the interior of East Antarctica. Airborne geophysical methods were used to understand the fundamental structure shrouded beneath Dome A. Two twin Otter aircraft - one BAS, one United States Antarctic Program (USAP)- equipped with ice-sounding radars, laser ranging systems, gravity meters and magnetomemeters, operated from camps located on either side of Dome A. Airborne gravity measurements were acquired using LaCoste and Romberg air-sea gravimeter modified by ZLS Corporation, which is well-proven for Antarctic field work. A land-gravimeter was used to tie the still readings on the aircraft with the absolute gravity value at McMurdo Station. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01310
 
Title Antarctica's Gamburtsev Province (AGAP) Project - Radio-echo sounding data (2007-2009) 
Description Radio-echo sounding data was collected using 150 MHz ice-penetrating radars with bandwidths of 15-20 MHz. This data was collected as part of the seven nation Antarctica's Gamburtsev Province (AGAP) expedition during the International Polar Year 2007-2009, and used to acquire a detailed image of the ice sheet bed deep in the interior of East Antarctica. Airborne geophysical methods were used to understand the fundamental structure shrouded beneath Dome A. Two twin Otter aircraft - one BAS, one United States Antarctic Program (USAP) - equipped with ice-sounding radars, laser ranging systems, gravity meters and magnetomemeters, operated from camps located on either side of Dome A. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01311
 
Title Bed, surface elevation and ice thickness measurements derived from Radar acquired during the ICEGRAV-2013 airborne geophysics campaign 
Description This dataset contains bed, surface elevation and ice thickness measurements from the Recovery/Slessor/Bailey Region, East Antarctica. Radar data was collected using the 150MHz PASIN radar echo sounding system (Corr et al., 2007) deployed on a British Antarctic Survey (BAS) Twin Otter during the ICEGRAV-2013 airborne geophysics campaign (Forsberg et al., 2018). Data is identified by flight and are available in both Geosoft database (.gdb) and ASCII file formats (.xyz). 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2018 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01055
 
Title BedMachine 
Description The most updated compilation of Antarctic bedrock topography data including the new PolarGAP, Recovery ice stream & FISS project datasets collected by our BAS aerogeophysics group. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2019 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Transformative product for new glaciological, geomorphological, geological and geophysical research in Antarctica and beyond 
URL https://sites.uci.edu/morlighem/bedmachine-antarctica/
 
Title Gravity enhanced bathymetric model beneath the Brunt Ice Shelf and Stancomb-Wills Glacier Tongue 
Description This gridded dataset contains the revised bathymetry model beneath the Brunt Ice Shelf and Stancomb-Wills Glacier Tongue, Antarctica, The revised bathymetric model integrates existing direct bathymetry observations and free air gravity anomaly data to provide the best possible estimate of sub-ice shelf bathymetry. The input direct bathymetric/topographic observations, observation locations, and the input free air compilation are also available as additional separate grid files. All files are provided in NetCDF format in Antarctic Polar Stereographic (EPSG:3031) projection with a horizontal resolution of 2km. The output bathymetry model (Final_adjusted_topography.nc), input topographic observations (Topographic_value_grid.nc) and input topographic observation coverage (Topographic_observation_coverage.nc) have elevation values of metres, positive upwards. The input free air gravity anomaly grid (Brunt_FAA_compilation_grid.nc) has values of mGal. The bathymetric model was produced for the paper of Hodgson et al., (2019) investigating the past and future dynamics of the Brunt Ice Shelf. The publication reference is; Hodgson, D. A., Jordan, T. A., De Rydt, J., Fretwell, P. T., Seddon, S. A., Becker, D., Hogan, K. A., Smith, A. M., and Vaughan, D. G.: Past and future dynamics of the Brunt Ice Shelf from seabed bathymetry and ice shelf geometry, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-206 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2019 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact N/A 
 
Title Gravity-derived bathymetry for the Thwaites, Crosson and Dotson ice shelves (2009-2019) 
Description This dataset is an estimate of sub ice shelf bathymetry beneath the Thwaites, Crosson and Dotson ice shelves. The output bathymetry is derived from a new compilation of gravity data collected up to the end of the 2018/19 field season. The input gravity dataset includes airborne data from Operation Ice Bridge (OIB) and the NERC/NSF International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration (ITGC), and marine gravity from the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise NBP19-02. The recovered bathymetry was constrained by swath bathymetry and onshore airborne radio-echo depth sounding data in the surrounding area. Ice shelves mask the critical link between the ocean and cryosphere systems, and hence accurate sub ice shelf bathymetry is critical for generating reliable models of future ice sheet change. Included in the data release is the input free air gravity data, constraining bathymetry/sub-ice topography, and output gravity derived bathymetry. This work was funded by the British Antarctic Survey core program (Geology and Geophysics team), in support of the joint Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ National Science Foundation (NSF) International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration (ITGC). Additional specific support came from NERC Grants: NE/S006664/1 and NE/S006419/1, and NSF Grants: NSF1842064, NSFPLR-NERC-1738942, NSFPLR-NERC-1738992 and NSFPLR-NERC-1739003. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01332
 
Title High resolution aeromagnetic line data in the Ross Sea Rift collected for the ANDRILL pre-site survey (2008-09 season) 
Description A high resolution survey was flown opportunistically by BAS at the end of the AGAP aerogeophysical campaign during the 2008-09 Antarctic field season with NSF support from McMurdo. The main purpose was to collect data on the ice shelf for a radar pre-site survey for a major planned international ANDRILL drilling campaign at Coulman High. Due to lack of appropriate funding levels from several countries this ANDRILL drilling project has been postponed (https://www.icdp-online.org/projects/world/antarctica/coulman-high/) but the site remains nevertheless a potentially interesting target for future geoscience studies. The Coulman High project aimed to explore the range of paleo-environments, ecosystems and tectonic events that affected the Ross Sea region as it transitioned from the warm, high-CO2 Greenhouse world typical of the Eocene into the lower-CO2 and highly variable Icehouse conditions of the Oligocene and early Miocene. The aeromagnetic data released here can be used together with more extensive pre-existing international datasets to help study rift-related magmatism, faulting and sedimentary basins in the region. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01341
 
Title High resolution processed line aerogravity data over James Ross Island, Northern Antarctic Peninsula (1997/1998) 
Description Airborne gravity data were collected using a Zero Length Spring Corporation (ZLS)-modified LaCoste and Romberg model S air-sea gravimeter. The meter was mounted in a gyro-stabilised, shock mounted platform at the centre of mass of the aircraft to minimise the effect of vibrations and rotational motions. GPS data were recorded with an Ashtech Z12 dual frequency receiver in the aircraft and at a fixed base station. Differential, carrier phase, kinematic GPS methods were then used to calculate all the navigational information used for the dynamic corrections of the aerogravity data. Standard processing steps were taken to convert the raw gravity data to free air anomalies, including latitude, free air and Eotvos corrections. The vertical accelerations of the aircraft, which dominate the gravity signal recorded by the meter, were calculated by double differencing GPS height measurements. In addition, a correction was made for gravimeter reading errors caused by the platform tilting when it was subjected to horizontal accelerations (Swain, 1996). After making the above corrections, the data were low pass filtered for wavelengths less than 9 km to remove short wavelength noise from the geological signal. The data were continued to a common altitude of 2050 m and levelled. Cross-over analysis at 118 intersections yielded a standard deviation of 2.9 mGal, which is within the 1-5 mGal error range typically reported for airborne gravity surveys after levelling. Comparison between airborne measurements and previous land-based gravity data (Garrett, 1990), yielded an RMS difference of ~4.5 mGal, which is within the 2 sigma range for airborne gravity data accuracy. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01353
 
Title High resolution processed line aeromagnetic data over James Ross Island, Northern Antarctic Peninsula (1997/1998) 
Description Gravity, magnetic and radar data were acquired during a joint UK-Argentina (BAS/IAA) project, during the austral summer 1998-1999. 10,771 line km of data were acquired using a BAS Twin Otter, covering an area of 21,000 km2 that comprises the James Ross Island archipelago and the NW corner of the Weddell Sea. Gravity and magnetic data were simultaneously acquired at a constant barometric height of 2000 m, providing a terrain clearance of approximately 100 m over the highest peaks. The main flight lines were flown along an E-W direction with 2000 m spacing over James Ross Island and at 4000 m interval offshore. Tie lines, oriented meridionally, were spaced 10,000 m and extended beyond the magnetic survey to provide a regional context to the survey area as required also for airborne gravity data analysis. Magnetic data were acquired at a frequency of 10 Hz using vapour cesium magnetometers mounted on the aircraft wing tips, and resampled to 1 Hz after compensation for manoeuvre noise. A triaxial fluxgate magnetometer was mounted close to the tail of the aircraft, providing magnetic attitude information used in the data compensation. However, gravity acquisition defines that turbulent conditions are avoided and so manoeuvre noise is generally minimal. Ashtech Z12 duel frequency GPS receivers were used for survey navigation and for post-processing of the GPS data. Magnetic data were de-spiked to remove avionics noise and then smoothed (- 300 m low pass filter), before re-sampling from 10 to 1 Hz. The data were first corrected for diurnal variations using low-pass filtered base station data (30 min low-pass filter). For the internal field we used the Definitive Geomagnetic Reference Field Model 1995. The final data processing step was network levelling and microlevelling (Ferraccioli et al., 1998). We present here the processed line aeromagnetic data collected using scintrex cesium magnetometers mounted on the BAS aerogeophysical equipped Twin Otter. Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01352
 
Title ICEGRAV dataset 
Description Ferraccioli, F., Corr, H., Jordan, T.A., Forsberg, R., Matsuoka, K., Diez, A., Olesen, A.V., Ghidella, M., Zakrajsek, A., Robinson, C., King, O. 2018. Bed, surface elevation and ice thickness measurements derived from Radar acquired during the ICEGRAV-2013 airborne geophysics campaign. Polar Data Centre, British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge, UK. DOI: 10.5285/6549203d-da8b-4a22-924b-a9e1471ea7f1 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2018 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact This dataset contains bed, surface elevation and ice thickness measurements from the Recovery/Slessor/Bailey Region, East Antarctica. Radar data was collected using the 150MHz PASIN radar echo sounding system (Corr et al., 2007) deployed on a British Antarctic Survey (BAS) Twin Otter during the ICEGRAV-2013 airborne geophysics campaign (Forsberg et al., 2018). Data is identified by flight and are available in both Geosoft database (.gdb) and ASCII file formats (.xyz). 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01055
 
Title Polar gap II recovery lake dataset 
Description Matsuoka, K., Diez, A., Ferraccioli, F., Forsberg, R., Jordan, T., Olesen, A. V., Casal, T. (2020). PolarGap II: Radar data from the Recovery Lakes [Data set]. Norwegian Polar Institute. https://data.npolar.no/dataset/9103190d-9f80-4ea7-88f2-3d7c97297cd8 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2019 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Airborne radar data collected during the PolarGap project funded by the European Space Agency. The radar system PASIN of the British Antarctic Survey was used for data collection. Data were collected in December 2015 in a 10 km grid above the Recovery Lakes A, B and C. The csv-data files include Latitude, Longitude, x and y coordinates (Antarctic Polar Stereographic projection, true scale at -71°, EPSG3031), air plane elevation, ice sheet surface elevation (derived from LIDAR data) and corresponding radar sample, bed elevation and corresponding radar sample, ice thickness and uncorrected relative bed return power. Elevations are given in relation to the WGS84 ellipsoid. Corresponding segy-data files contain the radar data. The radar has a center frequency of 150 MHz. As signal a 4 µs chirp was used with a bandwidth of 10 MHz. The used sampling frequency was 22 MHz. For the processing of the data a coherent moving-average filter commonly referred to as an unfocused SAR, was used. Profile P07 and P10: Data collected above the Recovery Lakes A and B. Profile P11: Data collected above the Recovery Lake C. Further data collected south of 83°C within the PolarGap project can be found on the ESA data portal (https://earth.esa.int/web/guest/campaigns). 
URL https://data.npolar.no/dataset/9103190d-9f80-4ea7-88f2-3d7c97297cd8
 
Title Polar gap recovery lake dataset 
Description Matsuoka, K., Diez, A., Ferraccioli, F., Forsberg, R., Jordan, T., Olesen, A. V., Casal, T. (2019). PolarGap: Recovery Lake Airborne Radar Data [Data set]. Norwegian Polar Institute. https://doi.org/10.21334/npolar.2019.ae99f750 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2019 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Airborne radar data collected during the PolarGap project funded by the European Space Agency. The radar system PASIN of the British Antarctic Survey was used for data collection. Data were collected in December 2015 in a 10 km grid above the Recovery Lakes A, B and C. The data files include Latitude, Longitude, x and y coordinates (Antarctic Polar Stereographic projection, true scale at -71°, EPSG3031), air plane elevation, ice sheet surface elevation (derived from LIDAR data), bed elevation, ice thickness and uncorrected relative bed return power. Elevations are given in relation to the WGS84 ellipsoid. Bed returned power in all three files are referenced to a single, common refernece level. Profile P07 and P10: Data collected above the Recovery Lakes A and B. Profile P11: Data collected above the Recovery Lake C. The PolarGAP project collected many other flight data south of 83S. Data from those flights are released from ESA's data portal and UK's Polar Data Centre. 
URL https://data.npolar.no/dataset/ae99f750-ca56-48a4-9f1d-b60bc2f68c56
 
Title Processed bed elevation picks from airborne radar depth sounding across East and West Antarctica (1966-1987) 
Description This is a collection of all vintage BAS radar data that went into BEDMAP 1 (Lythe and Vaughan, 2001) that have not been released so far as line data. BEDMAP data descries the thickness of the Antarctic ice sheet. They have been collected on surveys undertaken over the past 50 years and brought together into a single database. These data have allowed the compilation of a suite of seamless digital topographic models for the Antarctic continent and surrounding ocean. Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01357
 
Title Processed bed elevation picks from airborne radar depth sounding across the Institute and Moller Glacier catchments in 2010/11 
Description During the 2010/2011 Antarctic field season a collaborative NERC AFI (Antarctic Funding Initiative) project studying the basal boundary conditions of the Institute & Moller ice streams, West Antarctica, collected ~25,000 km of new high quality aeromagnetic data. Data were acquired using the BAS PASIN depth sounding radar mounted in the BAS aerogeophysically equipped Twin Otter "Bravo Lima". Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. Data were collected as part of the UK Natural Environment Research Council AFI grant NE/G013071/1. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01260
 
Title Processed bed elevation picks from airborne radar depth sounding across the Pine Island Glacier basin (2004/05 season) 
Description During the austral summer of 2004/05 a collaborative US/UK field campaign undertook a systematic geophysical survey of the entire Amundsen Sea embayment using comparable airborne survey systems mounted in Twin Otter aircraft. Here we present the portion of the survey covering the Pine Island Glacier basin led by British Antarctic Survey. Operating from a temporary field camp (PNE, S 77deg34' W 095deg56'); we collected ~35,000 km of airborne survey data. Our aircraft was equipped with dual-8208;frequency carrier-phase GPS for navigation, radar altimeter for surface mapping, wing-tip magnetometers, gravity meter, and a new ice-sounding radar system (PASIN). We present here the bed elevation picks from airborne radar depth sounding collected using the BAS PASIN radar depth sounding system. Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01269
 
Title Processed bed elevation picks from airborne radar depth sounding over the Jutulstraumen rift area (2001/02 season) 
Description A British Antarctic Survey Twin Otter and survey team acquired 15,500 line-km of aerogeophysical data during the 2001/02 Antarctic field season along a 1-km line spacing grid with tie-lines 8 km apart. Twenty-five flights were flown from the South African base SANAE, for a total of 100 survey hours. We present here the processed bed elevation picks from airborne radar depth sounding. The airborne-radio echosounding data were collected for 5 flights, to image ice-thickness and bedrock configuration. Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. This high-resolution aerogeophysical survey was part of the "Magmatism as a Monitor of Gondwanabreak-up" project (MAMOG) of the British Antarctic Survey, which included new geochemical investigations, structural geology, geochronology, and AMS studies over western Dronning Maud Land. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01274
 
Title Processed high resolution line aeromagnetic data over Pine Island Glacier Ice Shelf (2010-2011) 
Description In 2011, aerogeophysics data were acquired over Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica on a grid comprising 30 transverse lines across the glacier, each around 20 km long, and with a spacing of roughly 500 m between the lines. The orientation of the lines was selected to be perpendicular to the surface features visible in satellite images in the central part of the ice shelf. Elevation of the ice-surface directly beneath the aircraft was simultaneously measured using a nadir-pointing laser altimeter. We present here the processed line aeromagnetic data acquired using scintrex cesium magnetometers mounted on the BAS aerogeophysical equiped Twin Otter. Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01355
 
Title Processed line aerogravity data over Ellsworth Land region (2001) 
Description During the 2001-02 field season a regional survey was flown on a 10 km line spacing grid over the drainage basin of the Rutford Ice stream (West Antarctica), as part of the TORUS (Targeting ice stream onset regions and under-ice systems) project. We present here the processed line aerogravity data collected using a LaCoste & Romberg air-sea gravity meter S83 mounted in the BAS aerogeophysically equipped Twin Otter aircraft. Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01278
 
Title Processed line aerogravity data over Northern Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula (2002/03 season) 
Description Over 20,000 km of new aerogravity data were acquired over Palmer Land during the 2002-2003 Antarctic campaign. Profile lines were oriented E-W with N-S tie lines. Line spacing was 5 km, tie lines were 25 km apart and nominal flight altitude was 2800 m. Differential, carrier phase, kinematic GPS processing methods provided the vertical and horizontal accelerations, which dominate the raw aerogravity signal. Levelled airborne gravity data have mean accuracies of 3 mGal. We present here the processed line aerogravity data collected using Lacoste and Romberg air-sea gravity meter S83. Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01359
 
Title Processed line aerogravity data over Wilkes Subglacial Basin region (2005/06 season) 
Description This data set contains aerogravity data collected during the WISE/ISODYN project. This collaborative UK/Italian project collected ~ 61000 line km of new aerogeophysical data during the 2005/2006 austral summer, over the previously poorly surveyed Wilkes subglacial basin, Dome C, George V Land and Northern Victoria Land. We present here the processed line aerogravity data collected using a LaCoste & Romberg air-sea gravity meter S83 mounted in the BAS aerogeophysically equipped Twin Otter aircraft. Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01361
 
Title Processed line aerogravity data over the Dufek Massif, Pensacola Mountains (1997/99 season) 
Description A British Antarctic Survey Twin Otter and survey team acquired 8,300 line-km of aerogeophysics data during the Austral summer of 1998/99. Gravity and radio-echo data were acquired simultaneously with the magnetic data at a compromise constant barometric height of 2,200 m, which provides a terrain clearance of 100 m over the highest peaks. Two separate surveys were conducted; one at 5 km line spacing (tie lines at 20 km) over and stretching beyond the southern extent of the Forrestal range (main survey), and one at 2 km line spacing (tie lines at 8 km) covering the Dufek Massif (detailed survey). Ashtech Z12 dual frequency GPS receivers were used for survey navigation. Pseudorange data were supplied to a Picodas PNAV navigation interface computer, which was used to guide the pilot along the pre-planned survey lines. The actual flight path was recovered, using carrier-phase, continuous, kinematic GPS processing techniques. All pseudorange navigation data were recorded at 1 Hz on a Picodas PDAS 1000, PC-based data acquisition system. We present here the processed line aerogravity data collected using Lacoste and Romberg air-sea gravity meter S83. Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01346
 
Title Processed line aerogravity data over the Evans Ice Stream, Southern Palmer Land region (1994/95 season) 
Description The survey collected a total of 11,500 km of data along 22 lines, spaced 12 km apart and oriented perpendicular to the strike of both the Bouguer anomaly field, as derived from land data (McGibbon and Smith, 1991), and the major sub-ice topographical features (Doake et al., 1983). The speed of the aircraft was set to produce a sample spacing of about 60 m and the data were collected at heights between 1600 and 2000 m above sea level. The gravity signal was recorded using a LaCoste and Romberg air/sea gravimeter, S-83, which has been kindly loaned to BAS by the Hydrographic Office of the Royal Navy. The meter was modified by the ZLS company for use in an aircraft. The equipment was deployed in a BAS De-Havilland Twin Otter aircraft. Differential, dual frequency, carrier phase, GPS measurements of the aircraft's motion were made using Trimble and Ashtech geodetic receivers and antennas. Ice thickness data were obtained using a BAS-built, radio echo sounding system (Corr and Popple, 1994). Ice-bottom returns over most of the survey area were obtained at a sample spacing of approximately 28 m. GPS measurements were tied into base stations in International Terrain Reference Frame network (Dietrich et al., 1998) and gravity measurements to base stations in the IGSN71 net (Jones and Ferris, 1999). We present here the processed line aerogravity data collected using Lacoste and Romberg air-sea gravity meter S83. Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01348
 
Title Processed line aerogravity data over the Institute and Moller region (2010/11 season) 
Description During the 2010/2011 Antarctic field season a collaborative NERC AFI (Antarctic Funding Initiative) project studying the basal boundary conditions of the Institute & Moller ice streams, West Antarctica, collected ~25,000 km of new high quality aerogravity data. Data were acquired using Lacoste and Romberg air-sea gravity meter S83, mounted in the BAS aerogeophysically equipped Twin Otter "Bravo Lima". Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. Data were collected as part of the UK Natural Environment Research Council AFI grant NE/G013071/1. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01261
 
Title Processed line aerogravity data over the Jutulstraumen rift area (2001/02 season) 
Description A British Antarctic Survey Twin Otter and survey team acquired 15,500 line-km of aerogeophysical data during the 2001/02 Antarctic field season along a 1-km line spacing grid with tie-lines 8 km apart. Twenty-five flights were flown from the South African base SANAE, for a total of 100 survey hours. We present here the processed line aerogravity data acquired using a LaCoste & Romberg air-sea gravity meter S83 mounted in the BAS aerogeophysically equipped Twin Otter aircraft. Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. This high-resolution aerogeophysical survey was part of the "Magmatism as a Monitor of Gondwanabreak-up" project (MAMOG) of the British Antarctic Survey, which included new geochemical investigations, structural geology, geochronology, and AMS studies over western Dronning Maud Land. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01276
 
Title Processed line aerogravity data over the Pine Island Glacier basin (2004/05 season) 
Description During the austral summer of 2004/05 a collaborative US/UK field campaign undertook a systematic geophysical survey of the entire Amundsen Sea embayment using comparable airborne survey systems mounted in Twin Otter aircraft. Here we present the portion of the survey covering the Pine Island Glacier basin led by British Antarctic Survey. Operating from a temporary field camp (PNE, S 77deg34' W 095deg56'; we collected ~35,000 km of airborne survey data. Our aircraft was equipped with dual-frequency carrier-phase GPS for navigation, radar altimeter for surface mapping, wing-tip magnetometers, gravity meter, and a new ice-sounding radar system (PASIN). We present here the processed line aerogravity data collected using a LaCoste & Romberg air-sea gravity meter S83 mounted in the BAS aerogeophysically equiped Twin Otter aircraft. Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01270
 
Title Processed line aerogravity data over the Recovery Lakes region and interior Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica (2013) 
Description Long-range airborne geophysical measurements were carried out in the ICEGRAV campaigns (2010-2013), covering hitherto unexplored parts of interior East Antarctica and part of the Antarctic Peninsula. The airborne surveys provided a regional coverage of gravity, magnetic and ice-penetrating radar measurements for major Dronning Maud Land ice stream systems, from the grounding lines up to the Recovery Lakes drainage basin, and filled in major data voids in Antarctic data compilations.We present here the processed line aerogravity data collected using a LaCoste & Romberg air-sea gravity meter S83 mounted in the BAS aerogeophysically equipped Twin Otter aircraft. Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01273
 
Title Processed line aeromagnetic data over Adelaide Island (2011) 
Description Aeromagnetic datasets are available for surveys over two parts of Adelaide Island- Fuchs ice piedmont at the northern end of the island and a high resolution survey grid to the south (HRAM). Data were acquired using scintrex cesium magnetometers mounted on the BAS aerogeophysical equipped Twin Otter in 2011. Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. This study is an output of the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Core Programme. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01259
 
Title Processed line aeromagnetic data over Charcot Island, western Antarctic Peninsula (1996/97 season) 
Description During the 1996-1997 Antarctic field season, an aeromagnetic survey was carried out by the BAS to the west of Alexander Island, designed to investigate the Charcot Island anomaly. The presented data was collected using wingtip mounted Caesium-vapour magnetometers. Magnetic effects due to aircraft motion were actively compensated using a triad of fluxgate magnetometers mounted in the tail of the aircraft. Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01343
 
Title Processed line aeromagnetic data over Coats Land, including the region of three tributaries of Slessor Glacier, East Antarctica (2001/02 season) 
Description During the austral summer of 2001/02 five thousand line kilometres of airborne radio echo sounding and aeromagnetic data were collected in the region of three tributaries of Slessor Glacier, East Antarctica, which drains into the Filchner Ice Shelf. We present here the processed line aeromagnetic data acquired using scintrex cesium magnetometers mounted on the BAS aerogeophysical equipped Twin Otter. Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. Data were colected as part of UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) grant GR3/AFI2/65 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01265
 
Title Processed line aeromagnetic data over Ellsworth Land (2001) 
Description During the 2001-02 field season a regional survey was flown on a 10 km line spacing grid over the drainage basin of the Rutford Ice stream (West Antarctica), as part of the TORUS (Targeting ice stream onset regions and under-ice systems) project. We present here the processed line aeromagnetic data collected using scintrex cesium magnetometers mounted in the BAS aerogeophysically equipped Twin Otter aircraft. Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01279
 
Title Processed line aeromagnetic data over Northern Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula (2002/03 season) 
Description Over 20,000 km of new aeromagnetic data were acquired over Palmer Land during the 2002-2003 Antarctic campaign. Profile lines were oriented E-W with N-S tie lines. Line spacing was 5 km, tie lines were 25 km apart and nominal flight altitude was 2800 m. Aeromagnetic processing included magnetic compensation, IGRF removal, diurnal correction, and levelling. Mean cross-over errors after microlevelling were 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01358
 
Title Processed line aeromagnetic data over Wilkes Subglacial Basin (2005/06 season) 
Description This data set contains aeromagnetic data collected during the WISE/ISODYN project. This collaborative UK/Italian project collected ~ 61000 line km of new aerogeophysical data during the 2005/2006 austral summer, over the previously poorly surveyed Wilkes subglacial basin, Dome C, George V Land and Northern Victoria Land. We present here the processed line aeromagnetic data collected using scintrex cesium magnetometers mounted on the BAS aerogeophysical equipped Twin Otter. Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01360
 
Title Processed line aeromagnetic data over the Black Coast (1996/97 season) 
Description Using the British Antarctic Survey's DeHavilland Dash-7, approximately 10,000 line-km of data were collected from the Black Coast and adjacent Weddell Sea embayment, which is situated ca. 600 km southeast of the airfield at Rothera Station . Flight lines were spaced at 10-km intervals with perpendicular tie lines spaced at 40 km. Where time and fuel allowed, selected areas were infilled at a 5-km line spacing. The marine part of the survey was flown at around less than 1000 m above sea level.We present here the processed line aeromagnetic data acquired using scintrex cesium magnetometers mounted on the BAS aerogeophysical equiped Dash-7. Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01342
 
Title Processed line aeromagnetic data over the Dufek Massif, Pensacola Mountains (1998/99 season) 
Description A British Antarctic Survey Twin Otter and survey team acquired 8,300 line-km of magnetic data during the Austral summer of 1998/99. Gravity and radio-echo data were acquired simultaneously with the magnetic data at a compromise constant barometric height of 2,200 m, which provides a terrain clearance of 100 m over the highest peaks. Two separate surveys were conducted; one at 5 km line spacing (tie lines at 20 km) over and stretching beyond the southern extent of the Forrestal range (main survey), and one at 2 km line spacing (tie lines at 8 km) covering the Dufek Massif (detailed survey). Wing-tip-mounted cesium vapour magnetometers acquired data at 10 Hz, which was resampled to 1 Hz after deletion of data corrupted by the radio echo transmissions. It is not possible to compensate the magnetic data for maneuver noise after this process as the data are under-;sampled with respect to maneuver noise. However, because gravity data was being acquired at the same time, turbulent conditions were avoided and so maneuver noise was at a minimum. Ashtech Z12 dual frequency GPS receivers were used for survey navigation. Pseudorange data were supplied to a Picodas PNAV navigation interface computer, which was used to guide the pilot along the pre-planned survey lines. The actual flight path was recovered, using carrier-phase, continuous, kinematic GPS processing techniques. All magnetic and pseudorange navigation data were recorded at 1 Hz on a Picodas PDAS 1000, PC-based data acquisition system. Data were de-spiked and then smoothed (~100 m low pass filter), before re-sampling from 10 to 1 Hz. The data were IGRF corrected, leveled and reduced to the pole in the field. A 2.5 km cell grid was produced. The negative bias to the anomaly amplitudes is a result of the poorly defined IGRF in this area. We present here the processed line aeromagnetic data acquired using scintrex cesium magnetometers mounted on the BAS aerogeophysical equiped Twin Otter. Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01345
 
Title Processed line aeromagnetic data over the Institute and Moller region (2010/11 season) 
Description During the 2010/2011 Antarctic field season a collaborative NERC AFI (Antarctic Funding Initiative) project studying the basal boundary conditions of the Institute & Moller ice streams, West Antarctica, collected ~25,000 km of new high quality aeromagnetic data. Data were acquired using scintrex cesium magnetometers mounted on the BAS aerogeophysical equiped Twin Otter. Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. Data were collected as part of the UK Natural Environment Research Council AFI grant NE/G013071/1. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01267
 
Title Processed line aeromagnetic data over the Jutulstraumen rift area (2001/02 season) 
Description A British Antarctic Survey Twin Otter and survey team acquired 15,500 line-km of aeromagnetic data during the 2001/02 Antarctic field season along a 1-km line spacing grid with tie-lines 8 km apart. Twenty-five flights were flown from the South African base SANAE, for a total of 100 survey hours. We present here the processedline aeromagnetic data acquired using scintrex cesium magnetometers mounted on the BAS aerogeophysically equipped Twin Otter.The aeromagnetic data were acquired at a constant barometric altitude of 2600 m.This provided a terrain clearance of 100 m over the highest peaks. The choice of a barometric survey mode was acompromise for the acquisition of reliable aerogravity data. Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. This high-resolution aerogeophysical survey was part of the "Magmatism as a Monitor of Gondwanabreak-up" project (MAMOG) of the British Antarctic Survey, which included new geochemical investigations, structural geology, geochronology, and AMS studies over western Dronning Maud Land. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01275
 
Title Processed line aeromagnetic data over the Larsen Ice Shelf (1998) 
Description In 1998, aeromagnetic data over the Larsen Ice Shelf were acquired giving information about the geological structure beneath the ice shelf. We present here the processed line aeromagnetic data collected using scintrex cesium magnetometers mounted on the BAS aerogeophysical equipped Twin Otter. Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01354
 
Title Processed line aeromagnetic data over the Pine Island Glacier basin (2004/05 season) 
Description During the austral summer of 2004/05 a collaborative US/UK field campaign undertook a systematic geophysical survey of the entire Amundsen Sea embayment using comparable airborne survey systems mounted in Twin Otter aircraft. Here we present the portion of the survey covering the Pine Island Glacier basin led by British Antarctic Survey. Operating from a temporary field camp (PNE, S 77deg34' W 095deg56'); we collected ~ 35,000 km of airborne survey data. Our aircraft was equipped with dual-frequency carrier-phase GPS for navigation, radar altimeter for surface mapping, wing-tip magnetometers, gravity meter, and a new ice-sounding radar system (PASIN). We present here the processed line aeromagnetic data collected using scintrex cesium magnetometers mounted on the BAS aerogeophysically equiped Twin Otter. Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01268
 
Title Processed line aeromagnetic data over the Recovery Lakes region and interior Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica (2013) 
Description Long-range airborne geophysical measurements were carried out in the ICEGRAV campaigns (2010-2013), covering hitherto unexplored parts of interior East Antarctica and part of the Antarctic Peninsula. The airborne surveys provided a regional coverage of gravity, magnetic and ice-penetrating radar measurements for major Dronning Maud Land ice stream systems, from the grounding lines up to the Recovery Lakes drainage basin, and filled in major data voids in Antarctic data compilations.We present here the processed line aeromagnetic data collected using scintrex cesium magnetometers mounted on the BAS aerogeophysical equipped Twin Otter. Data are provided as XYZ ASCII line data. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01272
 
Title Radar characterization of ice crystal orientation fabric and anisotropic rheology within Rutford Ice Stream, 2017-2019 
Description We use polarimetric radar sounding to investigate variation in ice crystal orientation fabric within the near-surface (top 40-300 m) of Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica. To assess the influence of the fabric on ice flow, we use an analytical model to derive anisotropic enhancements of the flow law from the fabric measurements. In the shallowest ice (40-100 m) the azimuthal fabric orientation is consistent with flow-induced development and correlates with the surface strain field. Notably, toward the ice-stream margins, both the horizontal compression angle and fabric orientation tend toward 45 degrees relative to ice flow. This result is consistent with theoretical predictions of flow-induced fabric under simple shear, but to our knowledge has never been observed. The fabric orientation in deeper ice (100-300 m) is significantly misaligned with shallower ice in some locations, and therefore inconsistent with the local surface strain field. This result represents a new challenge for ice flow models which typically infer basal properties from the surface conditions assuming simplified vertical variation of ice flow. Our technique retrieves azimuthal variations in fabric but is insensitive to vertical variation, and we therefore constrain the fabric and rheology within two end-members: a vertical girdle or a horizontal pole. Our hypotheses are that fabric near the center of the ice-stream tends to a vertical girdle that enhances horizontal compression, and near the ice-stream margins tends to a horizontal pole that enhances lateral shear. ApRES radar data were collected as part of the BEAMISH Project (NERC AFI award numbers NE/G014159/1 and NE/G013187/1). Tom Jordan would like to acknowledge support from EU Horizon 2020 grant 747336-BRISRES-H2020-MSCA-IF-2016. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01428
 
Title Simulations of Antarctic Ice Sheet sensitivity to climate and ocean forcing for a suite of Antarctic palaeotopographies 
Description We present steady-state ice thickness, bed elevation, and ice surface elevation output from simulations of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) on a suite of reconstructed Antarctic palaeotopographies using the DeConto and Pollard (DP16) ice sheet model. Ice surface mass balance inputs were provided using the GENESIS v3.0 global atmosphere general circulation model coupled to a 50 m slab ocean model, which provides boundary meteorology for the RegCM3 regional climate model. Three climate/ocean scenarios were simulated: (1) cold climate orbital parameters, preindustrial CO2 levels (280 ppm) and modern ocean temperatures, (2) a subsequent shift to warm climate orbital parameters, an increase in CO2 levels to 500 ppm, and a 5 deg C ocean temperature rise, and (3) as for (2), but with CO2 levels increased to 840 ppm. The steady-state simulations were performed on a suite of reconstructed Antarctic palaeotopographies pertaining to the following four time slices: (1) the Eocene-Oligocene boundary (EOB; ca. 34 Ma), (2) the Oligocene-Miocene boundary (OMB, ca. 23 Ma), (3) the mid-Miocene (MM; ca. 14 Ma), and (4) the mid-Pliocene (MP; ca. 3.5 Ma). Simulations were performed for minimum, median, and maximum end-member topographies, and equivalent simulations were run on the modern (ice-free) Antarctic bed topography for comparison. Further details are given in the accompanying publication. For more information, please contact G. Paxman. Funding was provided by NERC Ph.D. studentship NE/L002590/1. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not applicable. 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01404
 
Title Strapdown aerogravity survey across the Brunt Ice Shelf, 2017 
Description This data set contains strapdown aerogravity data collected during an airborne radar survey of the Brunt Ice Shelf as part of the NERC/BAS Life Time of Halley project. Unlike traditional stabilised platform gravity surveys strapdown gravity techniques, using an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) rigidly attached to the aircraft as the sensor, allow collection of gravity data during draped or turbulent flight. This was a key factor allowing for data collection during a dedicated radar survey. The survey was flown draped with an average height above the ice surface of 420m, and includes 4716 km of new data. The aircraft used was the BAS aerogeophysicaly equipped twin otter VP-FBL. Data are available in both Geosoft database (.gdb) and ASCII file formats (.xyz). 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2018 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact N/A 
 
Description ADMAP-2 
Organisation VNIIGAZ
Country Russian Federation 
Sector Private 
PI Contribution The Russian institute for Geology and Mineral Resources of the ocean was via its PI a key player in the the newly launched ADMAP-2 compilation effort supported by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research and the International Association of Geodesy and Geophysics and in particular the International Union of Geomagnetism. Our group has contributed a wealth of new aeromagnetic data to the ongoing compilation and I am currently a leading figure in the international steering committee of the effort that succesfully compiled a new generation magnetic anomaly map and digital database for Antarctica in 2018..
Collaborator Contribution The Russian partner has completed a lot of the processing and re-processing required to achieve the goal funded also by the Koreans.
Impact The first output was a special issue of Tectonophysics I edited in 2013 reporting the case for ADMAP-2 and several regional case studies of geomagnetic investigations as well as a series of workshops and splinter meetings at international conferences including the European Union of Geosciences. The key output is the Golynsky et al., (2018) publication in GRL that combines all of the currently available datasets for Antarctica. We plan a potential third release of this perhaps as early as 2022. This collaborative Antarctic effort will form a new contribution to global efforts of the geophysical community to update the World Magnetic Anomaly Map- a new version of which was presented in summer 2019.
Start Year 2014
 
Description AntGG 
Organisation University of Dresden
Country Germany 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The University of Dresden via its PI Mirko Scheinert set up a major working group under the auspices of the Scientific Committee of Antarctic Research and also the International Union of Geodesy to collate and compile all available gravity data for Antarctica. As part of this effort the aerogeophysics group I lead in BAS contributed major data holdings including the latest datasets collected after the International Polar Year. Additional contributions were in data processing and I made substantial contributions to the write up of the paper.
Collaborator Contribution The lead PI coordinated efforts and data mining from almost 50 individuals in 13 different institutions in several countries and via a PhD student applied techniques to merge together all this data and refer it to a reference Global Earth Gravity Earth model that in Antarctica was based largely on satellite data only.
Impact The main output in this reporting period is the publication of a paper in Geophsyical Research Letters and the database of all gridded gravity data for Antarctica that is now in public domain
Start Year 2007
 
Description European Space Agency 
Organisation European Space Agency
Department European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC)
Country Netherlands 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution The BAS Geology and Geophysics team have contributed very significantly so far to four major European Space Agency funded projects. These include: 1) the PolarGAP project; 2) the GOCE+Antarctica project; 3) the 3D Earth consortia project that includes the ADMAP 2.0+ project; 4) and most recently the new 4D Antarctica project initiated in November 2019. As part of these projects we have performed the first major modern aerogeophysical survey of the South Pole frontier to help fill in the data void in satellite gravity data coverage and helped develop the first innovative 3D models of the Antarctic lithosphere and investigated their influence on processes such as Glacio-Isostatic Adjustment (GIA). As part of 3D Earth project we are contributing towards connecting Antarctica better with other continents thereby improving our knowledge of the key missing piece of the jigsaw puzzle in the global supercontinent cycle and are linking subglacial geology to global tectonic processes. In 4D Antarctica we plan for the first time to try and reconcile remarkably different estimates of Geothermal Heat Flux for various parts of East and West Antarctica and assess in several key study regions their influence on subglacial hydrology.
Collaborator Contribution The European Space Agency have funded four major international projects that involved collaborations between the University of Kiel, the Danish Technical Institute, the University of Utrecht, the Norwegian Polar Institute and BAS in the first two projects. More recently ESA has funded a wide ranging consortia of Earth scientist involved in 3D Earth and 4D Antarctica.
Impact The main outputs so far have been in the form of conference presentations at several international venues including for example the European Geosciences Union and American Geophysical Union and scientific publications as well new publically available datasets and models.
Start Year 2015
 
Description Geological history of the Scotia Sea 
Organisation Birkbeck, University of London
Department Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Manuscript preparation and data analysis
Collaborator Contribution Cruise participation and analytical work
Impact Carter, A., Riley, T.R., Hillenbrand, C.-D., Rittner, M.. 2017. Widespread Antarctic glaciation during the Late Eocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 458, 49-57. Riley et al. 2019. Geochronology and geochemistry of the northern Scotia Sea: A revised interpretation of the North and West Scotia ridge junction. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 518, 136-147.
Start Year 2017
 
Description Lithological remote sensing 
Organisation University of Hull
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Sample analysis and fieldwork
Collaborator Contribution Lab analysis and equipment loan
Impact Neave, David A., Black, Martin , Riley, Teal R., Gibson, Sally A., Ferrier, Graham, Wall, Frances, Broom-Fendley, Sam. (2016) On the feasibility of imaging carbonatite-hosted rare earth element deposits using remote sensing. Economic Geology, 111. 641-665. Black, Martin, Riley, Teal R., Ferrier, Graham, Fleming, Andrew H., Fretwell, Peter T. (2016) Automated lithological mapping using airborne hyperspectral thermal infrared data: A case study from Anchorage Island, Antarctica. Remote Sensing of Environment, 176. 225-241.
Start Year 2015
 
Title Modelling software 
Description Contributions have been made to leading geophysical software for modelling and are ongoing to develop increased capability in Cloud Computing modelling for potential field applications in geosciences 
Type Of Technology Software 
Year Produced 2015 
Impact The impacts are for the moment in our own research capability in larger scale modelling of crustal architecture in the polar regions leveraging on the newly available regional to continental-scale compilations. 
 
Description Invited Keyonote at Japanese Polar Conference 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact The National Institute of Polar Research invited me to give a keynote on UK Antarctic geosciences with particular emphasis on aerogeophysical exploration of East Antarctica. The presentation led to new discussions on future collaborations in Antarctic geosciences including partecipation and contributions to ongoing magnetic anomaly exploration of the continent.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
 
Description Invited Plenary Talk at the International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences (ISAES 2019) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact The 13th International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Science (ISAES 2019) was held at the Songdo Convensia in Incheon, Republic of Korea in 22-26 July 2019. It is the main Antarctic geosciences event held every four years. Typical attendance levels is more than 500 international geoscientist from all over the world with significant participation also by earlier career geoscientist. The invited Plenary Talk delivered at ISAES 2019 by Geology & Geophysics PI Dr Fausto Ferraccioli gave major visibility to our current geophysical research efforts in East Antarctica highlighting in particular the need to link Antarctica better to the global supercontinent cycle. This is an area of major current international geosciences research in particular as part of the IGCP 648: Supercontinent Cycles & Global Geodynamics project that brings together a diverse range of geoscience expertise to harness recent breakthroughs in order to explore the occurrence and evolution history of supercontinents through time along with the underlying geodynamic processes.

One of the major outcomes of this activity at ISAES was the decision of a group of leading Solid Earth Antarctic geoscience experts to constitute a new international consortia within the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) to study the Antarctic lithosphere and its global connections and impacts. This new proposal will be discussed and further considered at the SCAR Meeting to be held in Hobart
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://www.scar.org/general-scar-news/xiii-isaes-summary-report/
 
Description Invited Talk at the Geological Society of London 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact The audience was composed of geologists and geophysicists and retired members of the Geological Society that have since the talk had the opportunity to hear about exciting Antarctic exploration efforts and research
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
URL http://www.geologistsassociation.org.uk/lectureabstracts.html
 
Description Invited keynote at China Polar Conference 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact The meeting in China was organised to coordinate Chinese and international interests in deep ice core and bedrock drilling in the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains region of East Antarctica. My keynote described the role of NERC/BAS in the exploration of the least understood mountain range on Earth and addressed the major open questions regarding the origin and evolution of the mountain range that could be addressed with future drilling. The presentation played a critical role in formulating plans for site selection for such ambitious future drilling efforts.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
 
Description Media Interview 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact I was interviewed by Cambridge TV in response to the press release on the Geophysical Research Letters paper I co-authored on the first gravity anomaly compilation over Antarctica. Although this is a relatively small and new TV it does reach several regional groups and I believe this can help towards cementing regional general public interest in BAS activities
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
URL http://www.cambridge-tv.co.uk/fausto-ferraccioli-of-bas/
 
Description Media Inteview- BBC at AGU 2016 Fall Meeting 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact The BBC did a media story on my latest European Space Agency Project (PolarGAP) that aims to provide new data to augment global satellite gravity observations with airborne geophysical observations over South Pole. The first results of this project were presented at the AGU 2016 Fall Meeting in San Francisco and the BBC story gave with visibility to this new research and exploration initiative.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
URL http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-38333629
 
Description Press Release BedMachine 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact A press release was prepared following the publication of our recent paper in December 2019 reporting the completion of the most recent compilation of Antarctic bedrock topography data in Nature Geoscience (Morlighem et al., 2019). It generated major interest from media worldwide and the product will form a key foundation for future Cryosphere and Lithosphere research.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=63HmC7xAsp0
 
Description Press Release GOCE+Antarctica 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact The press release was attached to our recent JGR paper published in December 2019 reporting the first 3D model of the Antarctic lithosphere produced from modelling ESA satellite gravity gradient data. This is the first model that attempts to reproduce the density structure of the whole Antarctic continent. One major outcome is an initial 3D thermal model for Antarctica that will be used as a starting baseline also for new 4D Antarctica ESA studies. The press release was picked up by media in several countries.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/12/191209132005.htm
 
Description Press Release PolarGAP paper on radar imaging of bedrock troughs 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Following the publication of our PolarGAP paper on the discovery of deep basins in the bottleneck region where the East and West Antarctic ice sheets meet between the Weddell Sea and South Pole (Winter et al., 2018, GRL) we released, together with the University of Newcastle, a press release in mid-summer 2018.

There were over 50 media stories worldwide following the press release and in addition to this giving a huge visibility to the discoveries and research performed as part of this ESA project there was an additional positive outcome, as this also contributed towards further strengthening esteem levels for Kate Winter, an early career female scientist, who then in October 2018, was the second ever female scientist to have been awarded the prestigious €150000 Baillet Latour Antarctica Fellowship.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-44245893
 
Description Press Release on ADMAP 2.0 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Following the publication of our paper in GRL by Golynsky et al., (2018) in GRL reporting on the latest magnetic anomaly compilation for the Antarctic continent that now contains 3.5 ML line km of aeromagnetic data and is the result of five years of major collaborative work between 22 institutions in 13 countries worldwide we released a press release.

Circa 30 news items worldwide followed giving major visibility to international Antarctic magnetic anomaly studies for students, experts and the general public alike. Additionally, this activity has helped embed our Antarctic efforts into even broader international efforts aimed at producing the next generation World Magnetic Anomaly Map and database, a key product for the geosciences community and the global resource exploration markets. These activities were also influential as leverage for further external funding from ESA to support ADMAP 2.0+ as part of their global 3D Earth initiative.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.bas.ac.uk/media-post/new-generation-magnetic-anomaly-map-helps-unveil-antarctica/
 
Description Press Release on the South Pole geothermal anomaly 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Following the publication of our paper in the Nature journal Scientific Reports reporting the unexpected discovery of geothermal heat flux anomaly in the heart of East Antarctica at South Pole form ESA PolarGAP data we released a press release. Circa 30 media news items worldwide resulted from this activity helping showcase to the general public and experts alike the discovery and contributing towards giving further visibility to our pioneering international aerogeophysical exploration effort over the South Pole Frontier and further demonstrating the potential for unexpected discoveries in this type of work.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.bas.ac.uk/media-post/discovery-of-high-geothermal-heat-at-south-pole/
 
Description Press release on GOCE+Antarctica & 3D Earth 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Following our publication in the Nature journal Scientific Reports by Ebbing et al., (2018) reporting on the use of enhanced satellite gravity imaging for studies of Earth's tectonics, including tantalising new views of the lost continents buried beneath the Antarctic ice sheets, we released a press release in November 2018 that had a huge level of international interest with over 300 media items worldwide.

This had significant impact showcasing to the general public, students and experts the latest advancements in satellite-based Earth Observation for global tectonics and lithosphere studies. It also helped significantly strengthen our case for new Antarctic lithosphere studies, specifically helping us in the case for our latest ESA international consortia application 4D Antarctica.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/23/science/east-antarctica-supercontinent.html
 
Description William Smith 2018 Meeting: Mineral resources at the frontier 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Industry/Business
Results and Impact The 2018 William Smith Meeting of the Geological Society of London was co-organised with the help of Teal Riley from the Geology and Geophysics Team of BAS. It was an important and pioneering event that considered mineral resources in ultra-deep terrestrial environments, the deep-ocean, the polar regions and extra-terrestrial settings. It provided a platform to discuss the key global drivers for mineral extraction in frontier environments, including security of supply concerns; to assess understanding of the resource potential of these largely unexplored parts of the planet and beyond; to identify the geoscience knowledge gaps and science opportunities; hear about research and technology developments in exploration and extraction; and discuss the challenges for environmental protection and issues surrounding resource ownership, governance and the development of regulatory regimes.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/wsmith18