BAS Space Weather and Atmosphere
Lead Research Organisation:
British Antarctic Survey
Department Name: UNLISTED
Abstract
Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.
Organisations
- British Antarctic Survey (Lead Research Organisation)
- University College London (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER (Collaboration)
- University of Texas at Dallas (Collaboration)
- University of Liege (Collaboration)
- Atrium Space Insurance Consortium (Collaboration)
- IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON (Collaboration)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Collaboration)
- University of New Hampshire (Collaboration)
- University of Sheffield (Collaboration)
- University of Otago (Collaboration)
- Johns Hopkins University (Collaboration)
- Dartmouth College (Collaboration)
- University of Iowa (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON (Collaboration)
People |
ORCID iD |
| Mervyn Freeman (Principal Investigator) |
Publications
Lam M
(2016)
Solar wind-atmospheric electricity-cloud microphysics connections to weather and climate
in Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Lam M
(2018)
IMF-driven change to the Antarctic tropospheric temperature due to the global atmospheric electric circuit
in Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Laundal K
(2016)
North-South Asymmetries in Earth's Magnetic Field Effects on High-Latitude Geospace
in Space Science Reviews
Lecoanet D
(2019)
Low-frequency Variability in Massive Stars: Core Generation or Surface Phenomenon?
in The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Lessard M
(2019)
Generation of EMIC Waves and Effects on Particle Precipitation During a Solar Wind Pressure Intensification With B z >0
in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
Likar J
(2018)
Spacecraft Charging Related Risk of Floating Connector Pins
in IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
Liu X
(2021)
Frequency-Dependent Modulation of Whistler-Mode Waves by Density Irregularities During the Recovery Phase of a Geomagnetic Storm
in Geophysical Research Letters
Lockwood M
(2019)
The Development of a Space Climatology: 3. Models of the Evolution of Distributions of Space Weather Variables With Timescale
in Space Weather
Lockwood M
(2019)
The Development of a Space Climatology: 2. The Distribution of Power Input Into the Magnetosphere on a 3-Hourly Timescale
in Space Weather
| Title | Aurora Musicalis |
| Description | In May 2020 we were involved in the release of an album, Aurora Musicalis, that features the unique 'sounds of space' as recorded by the VLF receiver at Halley VI, Antarctica, captured in one day combined with piano playing from Kim Cunio, also played in one day. |
| Type Of Art | Composition/Score |
| Year Produced | 2020 |
| Impact | The music has been played on several radio stations, including Manx Radio, Resonance FM, Skylab Radio and Cambridge 105 Radio. As a result of this album I was guest speaker at an online event organised by ecoartspace, a US-based organisation serving as a platform for artists influenced by the natural world. |
| URL | https://soundsofspaceproject.bandcamp.com |
| Title | Celestial Incantations |
| Description | Celestial Incantations features a wide variety of space 'sounds' and a huge musical palette, including orchestral instruments, traditional instruments and electronics. The album, which is free to hear and download from bandcamp, takes the listener on a journey from Earth to the largest definitions of cosmic time and space. It invites us to consider the vastness of space, imagining time and space in the grandest sense, and embark on a spectacular journey of sound. Starting off at Earth and moving outwards we hear compositions inspired by and featuring the 'sounds' of our planet, Mars, a comet, Jupiter, Saturn, interstellar space and a galactic pulsar. The album concludes with a track featuring the 'sound' of the merger of two black holes, as evidenced by the first observed gravitational wave, an almost unbelievable ripple in space time that Einstein doubted humans could ever capture! |
| Type Of Art | Composition/Score |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Impact | 1. 41,783 track plays on bandcamp and 3026 full album downloads 2. Article in the Guardian entitled "'Chirps' in space: new album captures the sound of black holes colliding". The article included a video entitled "New album, Celestial Incantations, captures the 'sounds' of space" featuring music from the album and created by the Guardian Newspaper. This video has had 34,211 views on YouTube. 3. I led an article describing the art, music and science behind Celestial Incantations. The article, entitled "Music of the Spheres", was published as the cover articles in the February 2022 issue of Astronomy and Geophysics. 4. Music from the album has been played on number of radio stations including the Phantom Circuit (#329 & #331), Audionautic Radio (ep. 17 & ep. 20), Space is the Place Radio Show, The Magic Window, Muzak Concrete, The Dark Train (C19#70 & C19#71), and Night Tracks on BBC Radio 3 and features on four ambient compilations Ambient Spring - Orbit IV, Ambient Autumn - Orbit IV, Ambient Winter - Orbit V and Ambient Music for Ambient People: 22 Home. |
| URL | https://soundsofspaceproject.bandcamp.com/album/celestial-incantations |
| Title | Celestial Incantations at Our Place in Space |
| Description | "Celestial Incantations", the second album of Nigel Meredith's art-science collaboration "Sounds of Space Project", featured in a silent disco skygazing event on Midsummer Common as part of "Our Place in Space". |
| Type Of Art | Performance (Music, Dance, Drama, etc) |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Impact | More than 200 skygazers enjoyed the music and the space 'sounds' while witnessing the beauty of the night sky, including the moon, Saturn, countless satellites and some Perseid meteors. |
| Title | In Aurora's Garden |
| Description | In Aurora's garden is the fourth album of the art-science collaboration "Sounds of Space Project". Here we experience the solar storm of 17th June 2012. A few days prior to this, on the 13th and 14th June, two large explosions on the surface of the Sun released bursts of charged particles and magnetic field which travelled outwards and towards the Earth. The material reached the Earth on the 17th June, the day chosen for our album, tearing open the Earth's magnetic field, leading to a geomagnetic storm. Particles were injected into near Earth space giving rise to radio emissions including chorus and plasmaspheric hiss. At lower altitudes electrons rained down on the Earth's upper atmosphere leading to some beautiful and stunning displays of the aurora. We hear the crackles and pops of lightning spherics, the descending tones of whistlers, the rising and falling tones of chorus and the steady hum of plasmaspheric hiss. The musical response is wide and varied and includes gongs, wood blocks, bells, vibraphones, glockenspiels, the piano, a synthesis rig, the Japanese shakuhachi and the tabla. We also hear soprano Heather Lee, in Kim Cunio's setting of a traditional Chinese text, as well as a new version of the Joni Mitchell classic Both Sides Now. Artwork produced by multimedia artist Diana Scarborough, inspired by Antarctica, the space weather data and the music, adds a rich visual element to the album. The Sounds of Space Project are myself (science lead), multimedia artist Diana Scarborough and Australian composer and musician Kim Cunio. |
| Type Of Art | Composition/Score |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Impact | The album was released on bandcamp in December 2023. Tracks from teh album have been played on The Dark Train on Warminster Community Radio, the Phantom Circuit on Beachy Head Radio and the Institute of Spectra-Sonic Sound on KEPW 97.3 FM. Tracks from the album have been played 772 times on bandcamp. |
| URL | https://soundsofspaceproject.bandcamp.com/album/in-auroras-garden |
| Title | St Swithins' Day Storm album |
| Description | Nigel Meredith released a new album, "St Swithin's Day Storm", in collaboration with Letters From Mouse, on In this album, Steven Anderson, aka Letters From Mouse, takes us on a journey through the various stages of the geomagnetic storm, using raw and processed space 'sounds' from the Halley VLF receiver. The processed sounds form the bedrock of the album and were created by running the VLF recordings as samples into his modular system, resulting in some weird and wonderful electronic music. Nigel provides a voiceover explaining the space 'sounds', and, more generally, space weather and its potential impacts on the performance of technology in orbit and on Earth. |
| Type Of Art | Composition/Score |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Impact | TBC |
| URL | https://lettersfrommouse.bandcamp.com/album/st-swithin-s-day-storm |
| Title | Sunconscious |
| Description | A 1 hour radio session featuring music from our album "Sunconscious" released in 2022. Timed to coincide with the launch of NASA's heliophysics big year the session included music inspired by and including the 'sounds' of the Sun. I created the session and provided commentary throughout. |
| Type Of Art | Artistic/Creative Exhibition |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Impact | The session was aired on the Dark Train on Warminster Community Radio on 16th October 2023. It was later uploaded to Mixcloud where it received 69 listens. The show was rated 1st in the Avant-Garde chart, 6th in the Experimental Ambient Chart and 59th in the Electronica chart. |
| URL | https://www.mixcloud.com/katebosworth/wcr-dark-train-ma84-dr-nigel-merediths-sunconscious-session-16... |
| Title | Sunconscious album |
| Description | A new album Sunconscious, inspired by the Sun, including recordings from three spacecraft and the VLF receiver at Halley VI, was officially released on 1st December by the Sounds of Space Project. This work is the result of an international art-science collaboration between SWA's Nigel Meredith, Kim Cunio, a leading Australian composer and Head of Music at the Australian National University (ANU) and multimedia artist Diana Scarborough. The album launch was accompanied by a press release from the ANU and a News Story from BAS. |
| Type Of Art | Composition/Score |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Impact | TBC |
| URL | https://soundsofspaceproject.bandcamp.com/album/sunconscious |
| Title | The Sound Canopy - sounds of space |
| Description | Nigel Meredith provided samples of the 'sounds of space' as recorded by the VLF receiver at Halley VI for The Sound Canopy, an immersive sounds of science installation, at Glastonbury. |
| Type Of Art | Artistic/Creative Exhibition |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Impact | The installation was available for all attendees at Glastonbury and ran for 4 days from 22nd to 26th June. |
| Description | Our research has found that during space weather events the radiation environment at geostationary orbit is seven times higher than that calculated previously, with important implications for the satellite industry. These results have been published [Meredith et al., Space Weather, 2015] and used directly to update the UK National Risk Register of Civil Contingencies. The Risk Register is kept by the Cabinet Office. The work has also been used by satellite operator SES in Luxembourg and Atrium Space Insurance, London. Boeing have introduced a revolutionary new method of launching satellites using electric propulsion instead of chemical propulsion. As a result it takes 200 days or more to reach geostationary orbit instead of 10 days. We have shown that the additional radiation dose accumulated by the satellite using this method is equivalent to 6.7 years of operation at geostationary orbit [Horne and Pitchford, 2015]. 2015]. The research team have released new web site to forecast particle radiation during space weather events. The forecasts are designed to help protect satellites from the risk of radiation damage. Calculations of particle precipitation into the atmosphere were applied to a whole-atmosphere coupled-climate model and showed substantial impacts on atmospheric chemistry at 70-80km. The results suggest that substorms should be included in high-top chemistry-climate models in order to fully understand space weather coupling into the climate system [Seppala et al., Geophysical Research Letters, 2015]. More than 30 years of the radiation environment affecting satellites has been reconstructed using the BAS radiation belt model. The results are now being used to assess the risk to satellites by the University of Surrey. This work was submitted to the EU as part of the SPACESTORM funded project [Glauert et al., 2015]. Thunderstorms maintain a potential difference between the ionosphere and the ground and result in electrical currents that flow through the atmosphere down to the ground. New results show that the evidence for changes in the electrical current affecting the atmosphere, such as charging of aerosol particles and droplets in clouds, are stronger than ever. Since these currents can also be affected by the solar wind it is suggested there could be important longer term associations between the variations in the Sun on an eleven year timescale and the atmosphere [Lam and Tinsley, JASTP, 2015]. during 2016 we have made substantial progress in a number of areas, with more than 21 peer reviewed Journal papers. It is not possible to cover all the different areas here. The papers are listed elsewhere and are available to the public via Green open access. We have made substantial progress in solar variability and its effects on the atmosphere, extreme events, andanalysis of SuperDARN radar data. All these results are published openly in research papers, our press releases, our Research Centre Evaluation Exercise. I am not going to duplicate it here. If anyone reads this can they send me an email to rh@bas.ac.uk. Thanks. It takes a lot of time to gather the information and complete these forms, I have never had any feedback from administrators over all the years I have been doing this. |
| Exploitation Route | Satellite designers and operators and insurers are using the results to assess radiation protection for satellites. The government has used the results to update the National Risk Register. |
| Sectors | Aerospace Defence and Marine Education Environment Financial Services and Management Consultancy Government Democracy and Justice Other |
| URL | http://www.spaceweather.ac.uk/ |
| Description | Our research has found that during space weather events the radiation environment at geostationary orbit is seven times higher than that calculated previously. These results have been published, and have been referenced and used directly to update the UK National Risk Register of Civil Contingencies for severe space weather, January 2016. The Risk Register is kept by the Cabinet Office. The work has also been used by satellite operator SES in Luxembourg and Atrium Space Insurance, London. We have disseminated results at a user lunch of 30 people in 2015 in Belgium consisting of satellite designers, satellite operators, space insurnace and ESA and NOAA agency staff. The research team have released new web site to forecast particle radiation during space weather events. The forecasts are designed to help protect satellites from the risk of radiation damage. It is called SARIF and can be accessed but the ESAA web site - if you apply for an ESA login account (https://swe.ssa.esa.int/sarif-federated). |
| First Year Of Impact | 2015 |
| Sector | Aerospace, Defence and Marine,Communities and Social Services/Policy,Education,Government, Democracy and Justice |
| Impact Types | Societal Economic Policy & public services |
| Description | Briefing Government Chief Scientific Advisor |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
| Description | DESNZ Severe Space Weather |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
| Description | Elected Chair, Space Environment Impacts Expert Group |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
| Impact | Government made a commitment over the next 5 years to assess the risk of severe space weather to energy infrastructure, aviation, transport networks, telecommunications, the dependencies of ground-based services on space capabilities such as Global Navigation Systems, and radiation exposure in air and space. |
| URL | https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-severe-space-weather-preparedness-strategy |
| Description | I gave an invited presentation entitled "Extreme relativistic electron fluxes in GPS orbit" to the National Space-Based Position Navigation and Timing Advisory Board |
| Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
| Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
| URL | https://www.gps.gov/governance/advisory/meetings/2023-12/ |
| Description | Input to UK Risk Assessment for Space Weather |
| Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
| Policy Influence Type | Membership of a guideline committee |
| Impact | Provided advice on the risk to satellites due to severe space weather. This is being used to update and suport the UK risk register. The impact is to help the Government plan and prepare for an extreme space weahter event, and develop better mitigation strategies. |
| Description | SEIEG meeting -Feb 2024 |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
| URL | https://www.bas.ac.uk/science/science-and-society/space-environment-impact-expert-group/ |
| Description | Severe space weather |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
| Description | Space systems - Estimation of orbit lifetimes |
| Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to new or improved professional practice |
| Description | Phase B study of Antarctic space surveillance and Tracking System |
| Amount | £205,000 (GBP) |
| Organisation | UK Space Agency |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 07/2023 |
| End | 08/2024 |
| Title | Acceleration of electrons by whistler-mode hiss waves at Saturn |
| Description | Radiation belts are hazardous regions found around several of the planets in our Solar System. They consist of very hot, electrically charged particles that are trapped in the magnetic field of the planet. At Saturn the most important way to heat these particles has for many years been thought to involve the particles drifting closer towards the planet. This paper builds on previous work on the emerging idea at Saturn that a different way to heat the particles is also possible where the heating is done by waves, in a similar way to what we find at the Earth. This work is reported in the paper "Acceleration of electrons by whistler-mode hiss waves at Saturn" by E.E. Woodfield et al., 2021. The data provided here enable reconstruction of all the figures in the paper. E.E.W., R.B.H., and S.A.G. were funded by STFC grant ST/S000496/1. R.B.H., S.A.G. and A.J.K. were funded by NERC grant NE/R016038/1 and R.B.H. and S.A.G. by NERC grant NE/R016445/1. J.D.M. and Y.Y.S. were supported by NASA grants NNX11AM36G and NNX16AI47G. University of Iowa (J.D.M.) was supported by NASA contract 1415150 with JPL. Y.Y.S. was supported by EC grant H2020 637302. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | N/A |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01597 |
| Title | Atmospheric observational and model datasets: Spatial distributions of nitric oxide (NO) in the winter time, high latitude Southern hemisphere atmosphere |
| Description | The data are from a study investigating nitric oxide (NO) variability in the polar mesosphere and lower thermosphere during geomagnetic storms, and the role of energetic electron precipitation in NO production. The datasets include 1) processed atmospheric datasets derived from selected NO observations by the AIM-SOFIE satellite instrument, 2) estimated electron and proton fluxes derived from POES/MEPED/SEM-2 measurements, 3) zonal and meridional wind speeds calculated using the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM14), and 4) geomagnetic indices, solar wind speed, and solar proton event (SPE) data. Funding was provided by the NERC grants NE/J022187/1 and NE/R016038/1, and the New Zealand Marsden Fund. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2020 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable. |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01306 |
| Title | Atmospheric observational datasets: Ozone vertical profiles in the polar middle atmosphere north of Ny Ålesund, Spitsbergen |
| Description | The data are from a study investigating ozone (O3) variability in the polar mesosphere and lower thermosphere and uncertainties / biases in satellite ozone profile measurements. The datasets include 1) processed atmospheric datasets derived from O3 observations by the ground-based Ny Ålesund Ozone in the Mesosphere Instrument (NAOMI), an 11.072 GHz ozone radiometer making atmospheric observations from Ny Ålesund, Spitsbergen since 4 July 2017, 2) processed atmospheric datasets derived from selected O3 observations by the SABER satellite instrument, and 3) ancillary atmospheric datasets used for NAOMI retrievals, derived from model (WACCM-D) and reanalysis (MERRA-2) datasets. Supported in part by UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) / Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Technologies Proof-of-Concept grant reference NE/P003478/1 "Satellite TV-based Ozone and OH Observations using Radiometric Measurements (STO3RM)". MOSAIC instrument testing and deployment was supported by the Royal Society Newton Fund reference NI150103 "The Effect of High Energy Particle Precipitation from Space on the Earth's Atmosphere". Pekka T. Verronen was supported by Academy of Finland project no. 335555 "ICT-Solutions to Understand Variability of Arctic Climate (ICT-SUNVAC)". |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | N/A |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01566 |
| Title | BAS Radiation Belt Model |
| Description | The BAS radiation belt model is designed to simulate the variability of the Earth's radiation belt. It is a 3d model and is the equivalent to a global circulation model in atmopsheric physics - but applied to space. It is used as a basic research tool to understand the physical processes governing the acceleration, transport and loss of electrons in the radiation belts. It has also been applied to Jupiter and Saturn. There is a verion of the code that is used to predict the radiation belts for space weather applications. |
| Type Of Material | Computer model/algorithm |
| Year Produced | 2014 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | The model has been used to show how plasma waves play a major role in the formation of the Earth's radiation belts. |
| URL | https://www.bas.ac.uk/science/research-models/bas-radiation-belt-model-bas-rbm/ |
| Title | BAS Radiation Belt Model runs for 3rd to 28th June 2013 using two different low energy boundary conditions |
| Description | Two model runs using the BAS Radiation belt model; one using a low energy boundary condition set from POES data, another using a low energy boundary condition from Van Allen Probes MagEIS data. The outer boundary condition and inner boundary have been set by Van Allen Probes data for both runs. The electron flux for an equatorial pitch angle of 90 degrees is supplied for 0.9 MeV electrons. Both runs cover a period from the 3rd - 28th June 2013. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2018 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | N/A |
| Title | Data from the figures in 'A 30 year simulation of the outer electron radiation belt' S.A. Glauert et al., 2018 |
| Description | These files contain the data from the figures in "A 30 year simulation of the outer electron radiation belt", S.A. Glauert, et al., Space Weather 2018. The paper describes a 30 year (1 January 1986 - 1 January 2016) reconstruction of the Earth's electron radiation belt from L*=2 to L*=6.1 (approximately geostationary orbit), for energies ranging from 100 keV to 30 MeV at L*=6.1. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2018 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Title | Dominant spatial and temporal patterns of horizontal ionospheric plasma velocity variation covering the northern polar region, for the month of February 2001 |
| Description | We present a reanalysis of SuperDARN plasma velocity measurements, using the method of data-interpolating Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs). The northern polar region's radar-measured line of sight Doppler velocities are binned in an equal-area grid (areas of approximately 110,000km2) in quasi-dipole latitude and quasi-dipole magnetic local time (MLT). Within this spatial grid, which extends to 30 degrees colatitude, the plasma velocity is given in terms of cardinal north and east vector components (in the quasi-dipole coordinate frame), with the median of every SuperDARN measurement in the spatial bin taken every 5 minutes. These sparse binned data are infilled to provide a measurement at every spatial and temporal location via EOF analysis, ultimately comprising a reanalysis spanning the month of February 2001. This resource provides a convenient method of using SuperDARN data without its usual extreme sparseness, for studies of ionospheric electrodynamics. The reanalysis is provided in sets of orthogonal modes of variability (spatial and temporal patterns), along with the timestamps of each epoch, and the spatial coordinate information of all bin locations. We also provide the temporal mean of the data in each spatial bin, which is removed prior to the EOF analysis. Funding was provided by NERC standard grants NE/N01099X/1 (THeMES) and NE/V002732/1 (SWIMMR-T). |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01473 |
| Title | Dominant spatial and temporal patterns of horizontal ionospheric plasma velocity variation covering the northern polar region, for the period 1997.0 to 2009.0 |
| Description | We present a reanalysis of SuperDARN plasma velocity measurements, using the method of data-interpolating Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs). The northern polar region's radar-measured line of sight Doppler velocities are binned in an equal-area grid (areas of approximately 110,000km2) in quasi-dipole latitude and quasi-dipole magnetic local time (MLT). Within this spatial grid, which extends to 30 degrees colatitude, the plasma velocity is given in terms of cardinal north and east vector components (in the quasi-dipole coordinate frame), with the median of every SuperDARN measurement in the spatial bin taken every 5 minutes. These sparse binned data are infilled to provide a measurement at every spatial and temporal location via EOF analysis, ultimately comprising a series of monthly reanalyses, from 1997.0 to 2009.0. This resource provides a convenient method of using SuperDARN data without its usual extreme sparseness, for studies of ionospheric electrodynamics during solar cycle 23. The reanalyses are provided in monthly sets of orthogonal modes of variability (spatial and temporal patterns), along with the timestamps of each epoch, and the spatial coordinate information of all bin locations. We also provide the temporal mean of the data in each spatial bin, which is removed prior to the EOF analysis. Funding was provided by the NERC grant NE/N01099X/1. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2020 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable. |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01159 |
| Title | Effects of VLF transmitter waves on the inner belt and slot region |
| Description | Signals from VLF transmitters can leak from the Earth-ionosphere wave guide into the inner magnetosphere, where they propagate in the whistler mode and contribute to electron dynamics in the inner radiation belt and slot region. Observations show that the waves from each VLF transmitter are highly localised, peaking on the nightside in the vicinity of the transmitter. In this study we use ~5 years of Van Allen probe observations to construct global statistical models of the bounce-averaged pitch angle diffusion coefficients for each individual VLF transmitter, as a function of L*, Magnetic Local Time (MLT) and geographic longitude. We construct a 1D pitch-angle diffusion model with implicit longitude and MLT dependence to show that VLF transmitter waves weakly scatter electrons into the drift loss cone. We find that global averages of the wave power, determined by averaging the wave power over MLT and longitude, capture the long-term dynamics of the loss process, despite the highly localised nature of the waves in space. We use our new model to assess the role of VLF transmitters waves, hiss waves, and Coulomb collisions on electron loss in the inner radiation belt and slot region. At moderate relativistic energies, E~ keV, waves from VLF transmitters reduce electron lifetimes by an order of magnitude or more, down to the order of 200 days near the outer edge of the inner radiation belt. However, VLF transmitter waves are ineffective at removing multi-MeV electrons from either the inner radiation belt or slot region. Funding was provided by the NERC grant NE/P01738X/1. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2019 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Title | Electromagnetic ion cyclotron electron diffusion coefficients calculated from CRRES data using a new approach |
| Description | The data provided is the underlying data used for creating the plots in Ross et al 2020. The research leading to these results has received funding from the National Environment Research Council Highlight Topic grant NE/P01738X/1 (Rad-Sat), National Environment Research Council grant NE/R016445/1 and NE/R016038/1, and the STFC grant ST/S000496/1 |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2020 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01366 |
| Title | Electromagnetic ion cyclotron electron diffusion coefficients calculated using Van Allen Probe EMFISIS data for a range of ion compositions |
| Description | The banded structure of Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron (EMIC) wave spectra and their resonant interactions with radiation belt electrons depend on the cold ion composition. However, there is a great deal of uncertainty in the composition in the inner magnetosphere due to difficulties in direct flux measurements. Here we determine the sensitivity of electron diffusion by EMIC waves to the cold ion composition. The diffusion coefficients are calculated using collocated EMIC waves spectra and plasma densities observed by Van Allen Probe EMFISIS data, parameterised by Dst, using quasi-linear theory implemented in the PADIE code. Funding was provided by NERC Highlight Topic grant: NE/P01738X/1 (Rad-Sat), NERC grant: NE/V00249X/1 (Sat-Risk) and NERC grant: NE/R016038/1 |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01654 |
| Title | Electron Diffusion by Magnetosonic Waves in the Earth's Radiation Belts |
| Description | We conduct a global survey of magnetosonic waves and compute the associated bounce and drift averaged diffusion coefficients, taking into account co-located measurements of fpe/fce, to assess the role of magnetosonic waves in radiation belt dynamics, where fpe is the plasma frequency and fce is the electron gyrofrequency.. The average magnetosonic wave intensities increase with increasing geomagnetic activity and decreasing relative frequency with the majority of the wave power in the range fcp < f < 0.3fLHR during active conditions, where fcp is the proton gyrofrequency and fLHR is the lower hybrid resonance frequency. In the region 4.0 <= L* <= 5.0, the bounce and drift averaged energy diffusion rates due to magnetosonic waves never exceed those due to whistler mode chorus, suggesting that whistler mode chorus is the dominant mode for electron energisation to relativistic energies in this region. Further in, in the region 2.0 <= L* <= 3.5, the bounce and drift averaged pitch angle diffusion rates due to magnetosonic waves can exceed those due to plasmaspheric hiss and very low frequency (VLF) transmitters over energy-dependent ranges of intermediate pitch angles. We compute electron lifetimes by solving the 1D pitch angle diffusion equation including the effects of plasmaspheric hiss, VLF transmitters and magnetosonic waves. We find that magnetosonic waves can have a significant effect on electron loss timescales in the slot region reducing the loss timescales during active times from 5.6 to 1.5 days for 500 keV electrons at L* = 2.5 and from 140.4 days to 35.7 days for 1 MeV electrons at L* = 2.0. The research leading to these results has received funding from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Highlight Topic grant NE/P01738X/1 (Rad-Sat) and the NERC grants NE/V00249X/1 (Sat-Risk) and NE/R016038/1. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01628 |
| Title | Evidence of strong diffusion of radiation belt electrons in satellite data, and numerical simulations of strong diffusion using the BAS-RBM 2D. |
| Description | The data set contains ephemera for the Van Allen Probes A satellite (VAP-A) and the Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES) m01 and n19 for the period 2013-03-17 to 2013-03-18. Chorus wave intensities calculated from data from the VAP-A EMFISIS instrument and trapped and precipitating electron fluxes calculated from the POES MEPED instruments are included in order to demonstrate the existence of conditions producing strong diffusion of electrons. Electron fluxes and phase space densities from simulations of strong diffusion performed using the BAS-RBM 2D are also include. This material is based upon work supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award number FA9550-19-1-7039. Richard Horne and Sarah Glauert were also supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) grant NE/V00249X/1 (Sat-Risk) and National and Public Good activity grant NE/R016445/1. Giulio Del Zanna acknowledges support from STFC (UK) via the consolidated grant to the astrophysics group at DAMTP, University of Cambridge (ST/T000481/1). Jay Albert acknowledges support from NASA Grant No. 80NSSC20K1270. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01757 |
| Title | Extreme relativistic electron fluxes in GPS orbit: Analysis of NS41 Burst Detector Dosimeter IIR (BDD-IIR) data |
| Description | Relativistic electrons in the Earth's outer radiation belt are a significant space weather hazard. Satellites in GPS-type orbits pass through the heart of the outer radiation belt where they may be exposed to large fluxes of relativistic electrons. In this study we conduct an extreme value analysis of the daily average relativistic electron flux in GPS orbit as a function of energy and L using data from the US NS41 satellite from 10 December 2000 to 25 July 2020. The 1 in 10 year flux at L=4.5, in the heart of the outer radiation belt, decreases with increasing energy ranging from 8.2x10^6 cm^-2s^-1sr^-1MeV^-1 at E = 0.6 MeV to 33 cm^-2s^-1sr^-1MeV^-1 at E = 8.0 MeV. The 1 in 100 year is a factor of 1.1 to 1.7 larger than the corresponding 1 in 10 year event. The 1 in 10 year flux at L=6.5, on field lines which map to the vicinity of geostationary orbit, decrease with increasing energy ranging from 6.2x10^5 cm^-2s^-1sr^-1MeV^-1 at E = 0.6 MeV to 0.48 cm^-2s^-1sr^-1MeV^-1 at E = 8.0 MeV. Here, the 1 in 100 year event is a factor of 1.1 to 13 times larger than the corresponding 1 in 10 year event, with the value of the factor increasing with increasing energy. Our analysis suggests that the fluxes of relativistic electrons with energies in the range 0.6 <= E <= 2.0 MeV in the region 4.25 <= L <= 4.75 have an upper bound. In contrast, further out and at higher energies the fluxes of relativistic electrons are largely unbounded. The research leading to these results has received funding from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) grants NE/V00249X/1 (Sat-Risk) and NE/R016038/1. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01726 |
| Title | Extreme relativistic electron fluxes in GPS orbit: Analysis of NS41 Burst Detector Dosimeter IIR (BDD-IIR) data |
| Description | Relativistic electrons in the Earth's outer radiation belt are a significant space weather hazard. Satellites in GPS-type orbits pass through the heart of the outer radiation belt where they may be exposed to large fluxes of relativistic electrons. In this study we conduct an extreme value analysis of the daily average relativistic electron flux in GPS orbit as a function of energy and L using data from the US NS41 satellite from 10 December 2000 to 25 July 2020. The 1 in 10 year flux at L=4.5, in the heart of the outer radiation belt, decreases with increasing energy ranging from 8.2x10^6 cm^-2s^-1sr^-1MeV^-1 at E = 0.6 MeV to 33 cm^-2s^-1sr^-1MeV^-1 at E = 8.0 MeV. The 1 in 100 year is a factor of 1.1 to 1.7 larger than the corresponding 1 in 10 year event. The 1 in 10 year flux at L=6.5, on field lines which map to the vicinity of geostationary orbit, decrease with increasing energy ranging from 6.2x10^5 cm^-2s^-1sr^-1MeV^-1 at E = 0.6 MeV to 0.48 cm^-2s^-1sr^-1MeV^-1 at E = 8.0 MeV. Here, the 1 in 100 year event is a factor of 1.1 to 13 times larger than the corresponding 1 in 10 year event, with the value of the factor increasing with increasing energy. Our analysis suggests that the fluxes of relativistic electrons with energies in the range 0.6 <= E <= 2.0 MeV in the region 4.25 <= L <= 4.75 have an upper bound. In contrast, further out and at higher energies the fluxes of relativistic electrons are largely unbounded. The research leading to these results has received funding from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) grants NE/V00249X/1 (Sat-Risk) and NE/R016038/1. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | This dataset contains the results presented in the paper "Extreme relativistic electron fluxes in GPS orbit: Analysis of NS41 Burst Detector Dosimeter IIR (BDD-IIR) data". In particular, it provides the 1 in 10, 1in 50 and 1 in 100 year space weather events in GPS orbit as a function of L and energy. These results are useful for satellite operators and engineers who require realistic estimates of the highest fluxes that are likely to be encountered in a particular satellite orbit to assess the impact extreme events on the satellite fleet and to improve resilience of future satellites by better design of satellite components if required. The results are also useful for satellite insurers who require this information to ensure satellite operators are doing all they can to reduce risk and to help them evaluate realistic disaster scenarios. |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01726 |
| Title | Falkland Islands SuperDARN radar high-time resolution meridional meteor winds - 2010 and 2011 |
| Description | The data set comprises high-time resolution meteor wind velocity data from the southern hemisphere Falkland Islands radar (FIR), part of the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN). The velocities are line-of-sight velocities aligned in the geographic meridional direction (from FIR beam 6, range gate 4). The data cover the interval from 2010 to 2011 inclusive. Funding was provided by BAS national capability funding. NERC grant NE/R016038/1 - National Capability - Polar Expertise Supporting UK Research. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01739 |
| Title | Global model of Whistler Mode Chorus in the Near-Equatorial Region (|?|m<18o) |
| Description | Whistler mode chorus is an important magnetospheric emission, playing fundamental roles in the dynamics of the Earth's outer radiation belt and the production of the Earth's diffuse and pulsating aurora. In this study we extend our existing database of whistler mode chorus by including ~3 years of data from RBSP-A and RBSP-B and an additional ~6 years of data from THEMIS A, D, and E, greatly improving the statistics and coverage in the near-equatorial region (|?|m<18o). We produce new global maps of whistler mode chorus as a function of spatial location and frequency. This work is reported in Meredith et al. [2020] and the data provided here enable reconstruction of all of the figures in the paper. The research leading to these results has received funding from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Highlight Topic grant NE/P01738X/1 (Rad-Sat) and the NERC grant NE/R016038/1. Wen Li and Xiao-Chen Shen received funding from NASA grants NNX17AG07G and 80NSSC19K0845, NSF grant AGS-1847818, and the Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship FG-2018-10936. Jacob Bortnik received funding from NASA grants NNX14AI18G, and RBSP-ECT and EMFISIS funding provided by JHU/APL contracts 967399 and 921647 under NASA's prime contract NAS5-01072. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2020 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01315 |
| Title | Global models of the VLF transmitter wave power in the inner radiation belt and slot region |
| Description | Signals from manmade VLF transmitters, used for communications with submarines, can leak into space and contribute to the dynamics of energetic electrons in the inner radiation belt and slot region. We use ~5 years of plasma wave data from the Van Allen Probe A satellite to construct new models of the observed wave power from VLF transmitters both as a function of L* and MLT and geographic location. This work is reported in Meredith et al. (2019) and the data provided here enable reconstruction of all of the figures in the paper. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2019 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Title | HOTRAY |
| Description | HOTRAY is a computer program that can trace the path of any type of wave through a hot magnetised plasma. It has been used successfully in the Earth's ionosphere, magnetosphere, Jupiter, Saturn, the solar wind and in lab plasmas, |
| Type Of Material | Computer model/algorithm |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | There are over 100 peer-reviewed research publications using HOTRAY, including collaborations with USA, Japan, and Europe. |
| URL | https://www.bas.ac.uk/science/research-models/hotray-ray-tracing-model/ |
| Title | Ionospheric boundaries derived from IMAGE satellite mission data (May 2000 - October 2002) - VERSION 2.0 |
| Description | Ionospheric boundary locations derived from IMAGE (Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration) satellite FUV (Far Ultra Violet) imager data covering the period from May 2000 until October 2002. These include poleward and equatorward auroral boundary data derived directly from the three imagers, WIC (Wideband Imaging Camera), SI12 (Spectrographic Imager 121.8 nm), and SI13 (Spectrographic Imager 135.6 nm). These also include the OCB (open-closed magnetic field line boundary) and EPB (equatorward precipitation boundary) derived indirectly from the auroral boundaries. The data set also includes model fitted circles for all the boundary data sets for all measurement times. Chisham et al. (2022) also describe that the v2 data set also includes estimates of the OCB at each time, derived from a combination of the poleward auroral boundary measurements in combination with modelled statistical offsets between the auroral boundary and the OCB as measured by the DMSP spacecraft. The v2 data set also includes estimates of the EPB at each time, derived from a combination of the equatorward auroral boundary measurements in combination with modelled statistical offsets between the auroral boundary and the EPB as measured by the DMSP spacecraft. The v2 data set also includes model circle fit boundaries for all times for all eight raw data sets. These model circle fits were estimated using the methods outlined in Chisham (2017) and Chisham et al. (2022), which involves fitting circles to the spatial variation of the boundaries at any one time. The raw auroral boundaries were derived as outlined in Longden et al. (2010) (the original v1 data set) with the application of the additional selection criteria outlined in Chisham et al. (2022). For the creation of the original v1 data set, for each image, the position of each pixel in AACGM (Altitude Adjusted Corrected Geomagnetic) coordinates was established. Each image was then divided into 24 segments covering 1 hour of magnetic local time (MLT). For each MLT segment, an intensity profile was constructed by finding the average intensity across bins of 1 degree magnetic latitude in the range of 50 to 90 degrees (AACGM). Two functions were fit to each intensity profile: a function with one Gaussian component and a quadratic background, and a function with two Gaussian components and a quadratic background. The function with a single Gaussian component should provide a reasonable model when the auroral emission forms in a continuous oval. When the oval shows bifurcation, the function with two Gaussian components may provide a better model of the auroral emission. Of the two functions fit to each intensity profile, the one with the lower reduced chi-square goodness-of-fit statistic was deemed to be the better model for that profile. The auroral boundaries were then determined to be the position of the peak of the poleward Gaussian curve, plus its FWHM (full-width half-maximum) value of the Gaussian, to the peak of the equatorward Gaussian, minus its FWHM. In the case of the single Gaussian fit, the same curve is used for both boundaries. A number of criteria were applied to discard poorly located auroral boundaries arising from either poor fitting or incomplete data. Following Chisham et al. (2022), additional criteria were used to refine the data for the v2 auroral boundary data sets. These included dealing with anomalous data at the edges of the image fields of view, and dealing with anomalous mapping issues. Funding was provided by: STFC grant PP/E002110/1 - Does magnetic reconnection have a characteristic scale in space and time? NERC directed grant NE/V002732/1 - Space Weather Instrumentation, Measurement, Modelling and Risk - Thermosphere (SWIMMR-T). NERC BAS National Capability - Polar Science for Planet Earth. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01631 |
| Title | Ionospheric vorticity across the northern hemisphere ionosphere determined from particular SuperDARN radar pairs - 2000 to 2005 inclusive |
| Description | The data set comprises ionospheric vorticity estimates determined from measurements of ionospheric velocity made by overlapping pairs of northern hemisphere radars in the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN). The vorticity estimates are separated into data files for each pair of SuperDARN radars that contributed to the whole data set. These data cover large regions of the northern hemisphere polar ionosphere, and the locations of the vorticity estimates are presented in both geographic and Altitude-Adjusted Corrected GeoMagnetic (AACGM) co-ordinates. The data cover the interval from 2000 to 2005 inclusive. This work was funded by NERC grant reference NE/R016038/1. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01710 |
| Title | Model data for simulating atmospheric microwave spectra at 11.072 GHz and 13.441 GHz and performing retrievals of ozone (O3) and hydroxyl (OH) vertical profiles |
| Description | The data are from a proof-of-concept study to assess the feasibility of accurately measuring ozone (O3) and hydroxyl (OH) profiles from the ground using accessible satellite TV receiver technology. The datasets include a synthesis of atmospheric model and a priori atmospheric datasets for selected polar locations, atmospheric transmittance spectra calculated for those locations, and O3 and OH profile retrieval results. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2018 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | N/A |
| Title | New Chorus Diffusion Coefficients for Radiation Belt Modelling |
| Description | Whistler mode chorus is an important magnetospheric wave emission playing a major role in radiation belt dynamics, where it contributes to both the acceleration and loss of relativistic electrons. In this study we compute bounce and drift averaged chorus diffusion coefficients for 3.0 < L* < 6.0, using the TS04 external magnetic field model, taking into account co-located near-equatorial measurements of the wave intensity and fpe/fce, by combining the Van Allen probes measurements with data from a multi-satellite VLF wave database. The variation of chorus wave normal angle with spatial location and fpe/fce is also taken into account. We find that chorus propagating at small wave normal angles has the dominant contribution to the diffusion rates in most MLT sectors. However, in the region 4 <= MLT < 11 high wave normal angles dominate at intermediate pitch angles. In the region 3 < L* < 4, the bounce and drift averaged pitch angle and energy diffusion rates during active conditions are primarily larger than those in our earlier models by up to a factor of 10 depending on energy and pitch angle. Further out, the results are similar. We find that the bounce and drift averaged energy and pitch angle diffusion rates can be significantly larger than the new model in regions of low fpe/fce,eq, where the differences can be up to a factor of 10 depending on energy and pitch angle. Funding was provided by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Highlight Topic grant NE/P01738X/1 (Rad-Sat) and the NERC grants NE/V00249X/1 (Sat-Risk), NE/R016038/1 and NE/X000389/1. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | This dataset provides new chorus diffusion coefficients for radiation belt modellers. |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01782 |
| Title | New Chorus Diffusion Coefficients for Radiation Belt Modelling |
| Description | Whistler mode chorus is an important magnetospheric wave emission playing a major role in radiation belt dynamics, where it contributes to both the acceleration and loss of relativistic electrons. In this study we compute bounce and drift averaged chorus diffusion coefficients for 3.0 < L* < 6.0, using the TS04 external magnetic field model, taking into account co-located near-equatorial measurements of the wave intensity and fpe/fce, by combining the Van Allen probes measurements with data from a multi-satellite VLF wave database. The variation of chorus wave normal angle with spatial location and fpe/fce is also taken into account. We find that chorus propagating at small wave normal angles has the dominant contribution to the diffusion rates in most MLT sectors. However, in the region 4 <= MLT < 11 high wave normal angles dominate at intermediate pitch angles. In the region 3 < L* < 4, the bounce and drift averaged pitch angle and energy diffusion rates during active conditions are primarily larger than those in our earlier models by up to a factor of 10 depending on energy and pitch angle. Further out, the results are similar. We find that the bounce and drift averaged energy and pitch angle diffusion rates can be significantly larger than the new model in regions of low fpe/fce,eq, where the differences can be up to a factor of 10 depending on energy and pitch angle. Funding was provided by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Highlight Topic grant NE/P01738X/1 (Rad-Sat) and the NERC grants NE/V00249X/1 (Sat-Risk), NE/R016038/1 and NE/X000389/1. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | This dataset provides new chorus diffusion coefficients for radiation belt modellers. |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01782 |
| Title | New Chorus Diffusion Coefficients for Radiation Belt Modelling |
| Description | Whistler mode chorus is an important magnetospheric wave emission playing a major role in radiation belt dynamics, where it contributes to both the acceleration and loss of relativistic electrons. In this study we compute bounce and drift averaged chorus diffusion coefficients for 3.0 < L* < 6.0, using the TS04 external magnetic field model, taking into account co-located near-equatorial measurements of the wave intensity and fpe/fce, by combining the Van Allen probes measurements with data from a multi-satellite VLF wave database. The variation of chorus wave normal angle with spatial location and fpe/fce is also taken into account. We find that chorus propagating at small wave normal angles has the dominant contribution to the diffusion rates in most MLT sectors. However, in the region 4 <= MLT < 11 high wave normal angles dominate at intermediate pitch angles. In the region 3 < L* < 4, the bounce and drift averaged pitch angle and energy diffusion rates during active conditions are primarily larger than those in our earlier models by up to a factor of 10 depending on energy and pitch angle. Further out, the results are similar. We find that the bounce and drift averaged energy and pitch angle diffusion rates can be significantly larger than the new model in regions of low fpe/fce,eq, where the differences can be up to a factor of 10 depending on energy and pitch angle. Funding was provided by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Highlight Topic grant NE/P01738X/1 (Rad-Sat) and the NERC grants NE/V00249X/1 (Sat-Risk), NE/R016038/1 and NE/X000389/1. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01782 |
| Title | PADIE code |
| Description | The PADIE code is designed to compute the pitch angle and energy diffusion co-efficients due to the interaction between plasma waves and high energy charged particles in space - in particualr the radiation belts of Earth, Jupiter and Saturn. |
| Type Of Material | Computer model/algorithm |
| Provided To Others? | No |
| Impact | It has been used in many peer reviewed research papers to show how different types of plasma waves can cause acceleration and loss of high energy electrons and protons in space. |
| URL | https://www.bas.ac.uk/science/research-models/padie-pitch-angle-diffusion-of-ions-and-electrons/ |
| Title | Pitch angle diffusion coefficients used in comparison of quasi-linear diffusion theory with in-situ measurements |
| Description | These data include pitch angle diffusion coefficients for chorus waves which have been evaluated at the angle of loss cone calculated in multiple ways. We have predominately concentrated on the dawnside between 00-12 MLT (Magnetic Local Time), for 5 |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01762 |
| Title | Pitch angle diffusion coefficients used to calculate electron precipitation from the Earth's radiation belts |
| Description | This dataset contains two NetCDF files: Chorus_daa.nc (labelled from here as a) which contains the chorus pitch angle diffusion coefficients presented in Figure 1 of Reidy et al (2020) and Combined_daa.nc (labelled from here as b) containing the combined pitch angle diffusion coefficients which can be used to do the analysis presented in the remainder of the Reidy et al (2020) paper. These data sets include: a. A matrix containing the pitch angle diffusion coefficients for chorus waves at the angle of the loss cone for energies of 30, 100 and 300 keV between L*= 2-7.5, a full range of MLT sectors and for low (1 < Kp < 2), moderate (2 < Kp < 3) and high (4 < Kp < 7) geomagnetic activity levels. These were calculated from an average wave model presented in Meredith et al (2020) to capture the effect of wave-particle interactions in the BAS Radiation Belt Model (BAS-RBM). Also the arrays containing the energy, L*, MLT and Kp dependence are also included. b, A matrix containing the combined pitch angle diffusion coefficients for chorus, hiss and EMIC waves and coulomb collisions between alpha = 0.5deg -9.45deg, Energy = 28.18-2511.89 keV , L* = 4.25-7.25, MLT = 0-24 and 6 different activity levels. The arrays containing the pitch angle, energy, L*, MLT and Kp dependence are also included. Funding was provided by NERC Highlight Topic Grant NE/P01738X/1 and NERC National Capability grants NE/R016038/1 and NE/R016445/1 |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2020 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01362 |
| Title | Rapid electron acceleration in low density regions of Saturn's radiation belt by whistler mode chorus waves |
| Description | Radiation belts are hazardous regions found around several of the planets in our Solar System. They consist of very hot, electrically charged particles that are trapped in the magnetic field of the planet. At Saturn the most important way to heat these particles has for many years been thought to involve the particles drifting closer towards the planet. This paper adds to the emerging idea at Saturn that a different way to heat the particles is also possible where the heating is done by waves, in a similar way to what we find at the Earth. This work is reported in the paper "Rapid electron acceleration in low density regions of Saturn's radiation belt by whistler mode chorus waves" by E.E. Woodfield et al., 2019. The data provided here enable reconstruction of all the figures in the paper. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2019 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Title | Statistical investigation of the frequency dependence of the chorus source mechanism of plasmaspheric hiss |
| Description | We use data from eight satellites to statistically examine the role of chorus as a potential source of plasmaspheric hiss. We find that the strong equatorial (|?m| < 6°) chorus wave power in the frequency range 50 < f < 200 Hz does not extend to high latitudes in any MLT sector and is unlikely to be the source of the low frequency plasmaspheric hiss in this frequency range. In contrast, strong equatorial chorus wave power in the medium frequency range 200 < f < 2000 Hz is observed to extend to high latitudes and low altitudes in the pre-noon sector, consistent with ray tracing modelling from a chorus source and supporting the chorus to hiss generation mechanism. At higher frequencies, chorus may contribute to the weak plasmaspheric hiss seen on the dayside in the frequency range 2000 < f < 3000 Hz band, but is not responsible for the weak plasmaspheric hiss on the night-side in the frequency range 3000 < f < 4000 Hz. The research leading to these results has received funding from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Highlight Topic grant NE/P01738X/1 (Rad-Sat) and the NERC grants NE/V00249X/1 (Sat-Risk) and NE/R016038/1. Jacob Bortnik received funding from NASA grant NNX14AI18G, and RBSP-ECT and EMFISIS funding provided by JHU/APL contracts 967399 and 921647 under NASA's prime contract NAS5-01072. Wen Li and Xiao-Chen Shen received funding from NASA grants 80NSSC20K0698 and 80NSSC19K0845, NSF grant AGS-1847818, and the Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship FG-2018-10936. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable. |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01467 |
| Title | TS05 and TS07 external magnetic field model L*, LCDS and B field data for the GOES-13, GOES-15 and HIMAWARI-8 satellites for three geomagnetic storm periods |
| Description | The dataset contains satellite L* values, last closed drift shell (LCDS) model locations and model magnetic field values for three two day periods covering three different magnetic storms. The periods covered are 27-28 February 2014, 22-23 June 2015 and 14-15 December 2015. The L* values are calculated for electrons with a pitch angle of 90 degrees at the locations of the GOES-13, GOES-15 and HIMAWARI-8 geostationary satellites, using the IRBEM library with the TS05 and TS07 external magnetic field models. Magnetic field values from the models are also included for the GOES-13 satellite during the June 2015 event. LCDS values for each of the periods are included, with two LCDS models based on the TS05 and TS07 field models, and a third LCDS model based particle tracing simulations. This material is based upon work supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award number FA9550-19-1-7039. Richard Horne and Sarah Glauert were supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Highlight Topic Grant NE/P01738X/1 (Rad-Sat) and NERC grant NE/V00249X/1 (Sat-Risk) and National and Public Good activity grant NE/R016445/1. Giulio Del Zanna acknowledges support from STFC (UK) via the consolidated grant to the astrophysics group at DAMTP, University of Cambridge (ST/T000481/1). |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01653 |
| Title | The Satellite Risk Prediction and Radiation Forecast System (SaRIF) |
| Description | The SaRIF system forecasts the outer electron radiation up to 24 hours ahead, updated every hour. Risk indicators are provided for four satellite orbits and can be compared against design standards The SaRIF system provides a searchable archive of data for anomaly resolution by satellite operators, designers and underwriters. Funding was provided by ESA contract 4000118861/16/D/MRP (SSA P2-SWE-XIII proto-type) |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01582 |
| Description | AARDDVARK |
| Organisation | University of Otago |
| Department | Department of Physics |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Energetic electron precipitation information from narrow-band VLF signal observations , analysis and interpretation. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Energetic electron precipitation information from narrow-band VLF signal observations , analysis and interpretation. |
| Impact | Scientific papers |
| Description | BARREL |
| Organisation | Dartmouth College |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Halley provided a platform for the NASA BARREL team to launch high altitude balloons in Jan 2013 and Jan 2014. BAS (through myself) provided supporting data from our instruments at Halley and the AFI/11/22 project. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The BARREL x-ray observations have provided insight into radiation belt processes which combine well with the data collected during the AFI/11/22 project. |
| Impact | See papers in previous section |
| Start Year | 2011 |
| Description | Collaboration with MIT Haystack Observatory |
| Organisation | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | The PI visited MIT Haystack Observatory, USA in August 2017 to discuss the NERC STO3RM project with Professor Alan Rogers, the original developer of low-cost mesospheric ozone spectrometers based on commercial satellite TV receiver technologies. He shared information on the simulation study results and details of the supplier of 13.44 GHz receivers that can potentially be used to make remote sensing measurements of hydroxyl (OH) in the middle atmosphere. The PI also gave a general talk at the Observatory. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Professor Alan Rogers provided technical advice on the practical construction and operation of satellite-TV based ozone spectrometers. He shared the computer code used to process observational data from such instruments into atmospheric data. |
| Impact | Procurement of 13.44 GHz receiver to investigate potential hydroxyl (OH) observations by MIT Haystack Observatory, using information provided by PI. |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | Dunn and Yao |
| Organisation | University College London |
| Department | Department of Space and Climate Physics (MSSL) |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | I have worked on providing evidence of the link between ion cyclotron waves and the Xray aurora at Jupiter using the PADIE code created at BAS. |
| Collaborator Contribution | William Dunn at MSSL and Zhonghua Yao at University of Liege work with the observational data from Xray telescopes and in-situ data from the Juno spacecraft and asked me to see if the code we have at BAS could support a potential link between ion cyclotron wave activity seen at Juno and Xray aurora in simultaneous observations. |
| Impact | 2 publications in preparation. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | Dunn and Yao |
| Organisation | University of Liege |
| Country | Belgium |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | I have worked on providing evidence of the link between ion cyclotron waves and the Xray aurora at Jupiter using the PADIE code created at BAS. |
| Collaborator Contribution | William Dunn at MSSL and Zhonghua Yao at University of Liege work with the observational data from Xray telescopes and in-situ data from the Juno spacecraft and asked me to see if the code we have at BAS could support a potential link between ion cyclotron wave activity seen at Juno and Xray aurora in simultaneous observations. |
| Impact | 2 publications in preparation. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | High Latitude Aurora |
| Organisation | University of Southampton |
| Department | Ocean and Earth Science |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Co-supervision of a PhD student, working on auroras high in the polar cap |
| Collaborator Contribution | Co-supervision of a PhD student, working on auroras high in the polar cap |
| Impact | A paper has been published in JGR-Space |
| Start Year | 2015 |
| Description | MICA - South |
| Organisation | University of New Hampshire |
| Department | Department of Physics |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Operation and provision of data from a seach coil magnetometer at Halley and Rothera in the Antarctic to the international network. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Provision of data from the wider network of search coil magnetometers in the Antarctic. |
| Impact | Numerous research papers listed elsewhere. |
| Start Year | 2015 |
| Description | Plasma wave data analysis |
| Organisation | University of Iowa |
| Department | Department of Physics and Astronomy |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Provision of the HOTRAY code, extertese on plasma waves |
| Collaborator Contribution | Analysis of plasma wave data from the Van Allen Probes mission, wave normal angle distribution, ray tracing of plasma waves |
| Impact | Research papers listed separately. |
| Start Year | 2015 |
| Description | Ray tracing |
| Organisation | University of Texas at Dallas |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Provision of the HOTRAY ray tracing code, scientific expertese |
| Collaborator Contribution | Research on the origin and propagation of low frequency plasma waves known as plasmaspheric hiss |
| Impact | several research papers |
| Start Year | 2009 |
| Description | Shock acceleration |
| Organisation | Imperial College London |
| Department | Space and Atmospheric Physics Group |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Discussion and expertese on the radiation belts |
| Collaborator Contribution | Computer simulations of particle motion in the Earth's radiation belts in response to rapid compression of the Earth's magnetic field by coronal mass ejections emitted by the Sun |
| Impact | Too early in the project. |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | Solar wind coupling |
| Organisation | University of Sheffield |
| Department | Automatic Control and Systems Engineering |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Provision of satellite data |
| Collaborator Contribution | Data analysis and machine learning which relates variations in the solar wind outside the Earth's magnetic field to the location and amplitude of plasma waves inside the Earth's radiation belts |
| Impact | Research papers under Rad-Sat listed under the University of Sheffield submission. |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | Space Insurance |
| Organisation | Atrium Space Insurance Consortium |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | Analysis of particular space weather events of interest to space insurance, looking at the causes of the event and the space radiation environment |
| Collaborator Contribution | Indication of particular space weather events where satellites may have suffered an outage or a malfunction |
| Impact | Member of the Rad-Sat Stakeholder team. Joint meetings to discuss the risks faced by the space insurance industry. |
| Start Year | 2011 |
| Description | SuperDARN |
| Organisation | University of Leicester |
| Department | Department of Physics & Astronomy |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Co-ordination and provision of data from all the 33 SuperDARN radars world-wide. Running the BAS SuperDARN radar in the Antarctic |
| Collaborator Contribution | Leadership of the SuperDARN network of radars |
| Impact | Numerous research publications listed elsewhere in the system. |
| Description | SuperMAG |
| Organisation | Johns Hopkins University |
| Department | Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | Operation and provision of data from a network of low power magnetometers in the Antarctic to the international network |
| Collaborator Contribution | Leadership and provision of data from a world-wide network of magnetometers |
| Impact | Numerous research papers listed elsewhere. |
| Start Year | 2012 |
| Title | Software license. |
| Description | The BAS Radiation Belt Model has been licensed to the UK Met Office for forecasting space weather |
| IP Reference | |
| Protection | Trade Mark |
| Year Protection Granted | 2019 |
| Licensed | Yes |
| Impact | We have licensed our radiation belt model to the UK Met Office so they can develop our prototype space weather forecasting system into a fully operational system run by the Met Office to help protect satelites from space weather. |
| Description | "Sounds of Space" article for Antarktikos Magazine by Nigel Meredith, Diana Scarborough and Kim Cunio |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | This article described the 'sounds' of space and how I have used them in a muti-disciplinary art-science collaboration to produce three albums, 'Aurora Musicalis', 'Celestial Incantations' and 'Sunconscious'. All three albums are available on bandcamp. Antarktikos is a bi-annual print magazine that combines artistic and scientific exploration within the awe-inspiring and thought-provoking context of Antarctica. This article has thus enabled me to share my work and art-science collaboration with a wider audience. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.antarktikos.com |
| Description | "Sounds of Space" on BBC Earth Podcast Looking Up |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I talked to Emily Knight about the "sounds of space" in the BBC Earth podcast "Looking Up" |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| URL | https://www.bbcearth.com/podcast |
| Description | 2nd Cambourne cubs (Electricity activities, Jan 2024) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Approx 30 cub scouts took part in a workshop based on making batteries out of potatoes as part of their science badgework. The cubs really enjoyed the session and have talked about using potatoes as batteries since. At least one cub had not made an electrical circuit before. This was a very successful workshop. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | 2nd Cambourne cubs (Mars activities, Oct 2023) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | 30 cub scouts took part in a Mars themed workshop and built paper helicopters inspired by the ingenuity Helicopter. They investigated how changing the shape of their helicopters changed the way they flew. The cubs were fascinated by their helicopters and several took them home to play with. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | Armchair Aurora - Making Music with Mother Nature |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I took part in a livestream aurora event run by the Disability charity Aerobility. I described the natural radio "sounds" of our planet as recorded at Halley Research Station, Antarctica and how they have been combined with original music on a grand piano to create novel ambient soundscapes, which resulted in the production of a new album, Aurora Musicalis, last year. I also played the music video from Aurora Musicalis which contains sonic highlights of the natural radio 'sounds' from the album, set to the music of the first track and featuring images from the BAS image collection. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gmnj682D42s |
| Description | Article for Dutch magazine for physics |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I wrote an article (Nov 2023 - Jan 2024) about my research for "Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Natuurkunde" (Dutch magazine for physics), which was published in Feb 2024. The magazine is aimed at people with an interest in physics and a minimum level of knowledge of a second year physics student. My article ("Zon en aarde: een magnetisch samenspel") is an overview of the many ways in which the Earth's magnetic field, the Sun and the Earth's upper atmosphere and near-Earth space interact with each other. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023,2024 |
| URL | https://www.ntvn.nl/2024/2/aardmagnetisme/ |
| Description | Aurora Musicalis on the ABC Radio National Breakfast Show |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I spoke to Hamish McDonald about the science behind Aurora Musicalis on the ABC Radio National Breakfast Show. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| URL | https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/breakfast/collaboration-between-art-and-science-uses-s... |
| Description | BAS Press Release |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | This press release, entitled "Scientists set out benchmarks for extreme space weather" was released by BAS on 15th June 2023 to coincide with the release of my paper on extreme space weather in GPS orbit. The results are important for industry and government, serving as benchmarks against which to compare other extreme space weather events and to assess the potential impact of an extreme event. It was picked up by a number of news outlets including Phys.org, miragenews.com, spaceref.com, spacedaily.com, labmanager.com, sciencedaily.com and enn.com. The press release also resulted in a media interview with Tereza Pultarova from Space.Com and, subsequently, a news story in Space.Com entitled "GPS satellites threatened more by mild solar storms than monster sun flares". |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.bas.ac.uk/media-post/scientists-set-out-benchmarks-for-extreme-space-weather/ |
| Description | BAS fellowship funding webinar |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Ingrid Cnossen gave a talk at the BAS Fellowship Funding webinar (12 May 2022) with tips for applying for a NERC Independent Research Fellowship. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | BBC Horizon Documentary |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Interview with Professor Richard Horne on space weather from Halley, Antarctica, included in BBC Horizon pregramme " Ice Station Antarctica" on broadcast on BBC2 on 4 May 2016. and again on BBC4. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| URL | http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b079s24p/horizon-20152016-8-ice-station-antarctica |
| Description | BBC radio 4 interview |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Interview on BBC radio 4 programme 'Back to the Ice' broadcast on 6 March. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013,2014,2015,2016 |
| URL | http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b072htqp |
| Description | Breckland AstroSoc Oct 2023 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I gave a talk on planetary space weather to Breckland Astonomical Society. Approx 30 people attended and there were a lot of questions and discussion afterwards. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | Cambridge University Astronomical Society - "Celestial Incantations" |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
| Results and Impact | In this presentation, I explored the amazing variety of natural 'sounds' detected at Halley, Antarctica and then embarked on a sound-led, data-driven journey from Earth-orbit to beyond the galaxy! I then described how the "Sounds of Space Project", our art-science collaboration, has woven these mysterious "sounds" into performances that fuse art and science, new music, and short films. I introduced our first album, "Aurora Musicalis", which features recordings from the Halley VLF Receiver accompanied by ambient music on a grand piano. My talk culminated with a presentation of the tracks and track artwork from "Celestial Incantations", our second album, which features the 'sounds of space' from astronomical objects both within and beyond our solar system together with a massive musical palette, including orchestral and traditional instruments and electronics.\ The talks was recorded and is now available on our 'Sounds of Space" YouTube channel here - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f33DdOOrqkc. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| URL | https://talks.cam.ac.uk/talk/index/168926 |
| Description | Cambridge University Astronomical Society - "Sounds of Space" |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
| Results and Impact | I gave a presentation in which I introduced the amazing variety of natural radio 'sounds' detected at Halley, Antarctica and then embarked on a sound-led, data-driven journey from Earth-orbit to beyond the galaxy! I then described how these remarkable 'sounds' have been used in art-science collaborations to create performances, new music, and short films. Finally, I described how the recordings from Halley had been used to enhance the exploration gameplay in the space simulation video game Elite Dangerous. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| URL | https://talks.cam.ac.uk/talk/index/136933 |
| Description | Celestial Incantations on The Moncrieff Show |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I talked to Clare McKenna about Celestial Incantations on the Moncrieff Show on Newstalk, a national independent radio station in Ireland. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.newstalk.com/podcasts/highlights-from-moncrieff/celestial-incantations |
| Description | Charity talk on Earth's radio emissions |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
| Results and Impact | Nigel Meredith gave a talk on Earth's mysterious natural radio emissions and how they have been used in performances, short films, a space simulation video game and music for the disabled flying charity Aerobility. The talk was part of Aerobility's Aurora 23 and was followed by an Easyjet flight to view the aurora in UK air space north of Scotland. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| URL | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ar7_d_IKTbc |
| Description | Contribution to a UNOOSA special report on "Sonification: a tool for research, outreach and inclusion in space sciences" |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | I contributed to a United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs special report on "Sonification: a tool for research, outreach and inclusion in space sciences". This report provides a comprehensive overview of sonification in terms of its contribution to space science and accessibility. It also makes recommendations to address these issues, with the goal of developing and implementing sonification as a universal tool for space science research and communication that is accessible to BVI researchers. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/Space4PersonswithDisabilites/UNOOSA_Special_Report_on_Sonificat... |
| Description | EISCAT seminar |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Andrew Kavanagh gave an open zoom seminar targeted at the UK space weather community on the basics of using incoherent scatter radar, how EISCAT works and what EISCAT_3D will bring. This was in his role as a member of the UK EISCAT support group (UKESG) and the start of a series of seminars preparing the UK community for the start of the new EISCAT_3D radar that is being constructed. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | Elite Dangerous Discovery Channel - Sounds of Space |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I took part in a podcast run by Elite Dangerous in which I talked about the 'sounds of space' and how my collaboration with the team at Elite Dangerous resulted in the inclusion of the space 'sounds' in their space simulation video game. The video has currently had 9,695 views on YouTube. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| URL | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JdEvVx8LDs8 |
| Description | Interview for BBC on space weather |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | TV interview on space weather broadcast on BBC Weather channel, more than 10 times over the Christmas and New year period of 2017/18. Reached over 500,000 people. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017,2018 |
| URL | https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p05rrm08 |
| Description | Interview for National News |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Interview with BBC Scienfe correspondent Jonathan Amos. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| URL | http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-40654921 |
| Description | Interview with Polygon, an American video gaming website, on the use of VLF recordings from Halley in the space simulation game Elite Dangerous |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Interview with Polygon, an American online video gaming website, about the use of VLF recordings from Halley, Antarctica in the space simulation game Elite dangerous. This resulted in a news story entitled "Elite's new exploration system brings even more real-life science into the game - Billions of new audio channels courtesy of a British research team in Antarctica" |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| URL | https://www.polygon.com/2018/12/4/18125779/elite-dangerous-chapter-4-beyond-exploration-audio |
| Description | Invited talk entitled "Extreme relativistic electron fluxes in GPS orbit" presented at the National Space-Based Position, Navigation and Timing Board Meeting |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | I gave a talk presenting the 1 in 100 year space weather events in GPS orbit as a function of location and electron energy. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.gps.gov/governance/advisory/meetings/2023-12/ |
| Description | MIST seminar by Andrew Kavanagh |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Andrew Kavanagh gave a seminar in the ongoing online series hosted by MIST (Magnetosphere, ionosphere and Solar-Terrestrial) on "Simultaneous multi-scale measurements of Ion Drift in the Earth's Auroral Ionosphere". The MIST community represents all UK space weather scientists. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| URL | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Exe1S7m9TM |
| Description | New Album "St Swithin's Day Storm" |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | The 'sounds of space' recorded during a geomagnetic storm appear on an exciting new album by Letters from Mouse featuring Dr Nigel Meredith. In this album, Steven Anderson, aka Letters From Mouse, takes us on a journey through the various stages of the storm, using raw and processed space 'sounds' from the Halley VLF receiver. The processed sounds form the bedrock of the album and were created by running the VLF recordings as samples into his modular system, resulting in some weird and wonderful electronic music. The music is accompanied by a voiceover by Nigel Meredith explaining the space 'sounds', and, more generally, space weather and its potential impacts on the performance of technology in orbit and on Earth. The storm itself, which peaked on St Swithin's Day (15thJuly) in 2012, was accompanied by some sustained and enhanced chorus emissions and the gradual acceleration of electrons to relativistic energies at geostationary orbit, potentially increasing the risk to communications satellites operating in this region. The album, St Swithin's Day Storm, was released by Subexotic Records on 24th February, 2023. It is available on the usual digital platforms and limited edition pressed vinyl. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.bas.ac.uk/media-post/geomagnetic-storm-sounds-inspire-new-album/ |
| Description | New Album from Sounds of Space collaboration |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | BAS produced a news story on the release of the new album "Sunconscious", inspired by the Sun, including recordings from three spacecraft and the VLF receiver at Halley VI. The album was officially released on 1st December by the Sounds of Space Project. This work is the result of an international art-science collaboration between SWA's Nigel Meredith, Kim Cunio, a leading Australian composer and Head of Music at the Australian National University (ANU) and multimedia artist Diana Scarborough. The album launch was accompanied by a press release from the ANU. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| URL | https://www.bas.ac.uk/media-post/sounds-of-the-sun-inspire-an-extraordinary-new-album/ |
| Description | News Article on the Sounds of Space |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I was interviewed by Maddie Stone of the Earther, an online environmental news website, about our sounds of space project at BAS. This resulted in an article in the Earther entitled "Listen to the creepy noises picked up by a space weather station in Antarctica". This article has had over 64,900 views. The article included links to vlf recordings from Halley Antarctica, the most popular of which has received over 50,000 hits. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| URL | https://gizmodo.com/listen-to-the-creepy-noises-picked-up-at-a-space-weathe-1831234519 |
| Description | News Story in Space.Com |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I talked to Tereza Pultarova at Space.Com about my work on extreme space weather in GPS orbit. This resulted in the news story entitled "GPS satellites threatened more by mild solar storms than monster sun flares" published by Space.Com on 10th August. This news story led to me being invited to give a talk to the US Space-Based Position, Navigation and Timing Board and the publication of the original paper in Coordinates magazine, an exclusive monthly magazine on positioning, navigation, associated technologies and applications (https://mycoordinates.org/about-us/). |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.space.com/mild-solar-storms-threat-gps-satellites |
| Description | Nigel Meredith spoke to Dr Alfredo Carpineti of IFLScience about space weather and how it affects us all in Series 3 of the "The Big Questions" podcasts, released on 18th August |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | In this podcast I talked about space weather and how it affects us all. I also described some of the exciting ongoing research being conducted in the Space Weather and Atmosphere Team at BAS. I concluded by talking about and introducing some of the amazing 'sounds' of space weather as recorded by the VLF Receiver at Halley VI Research Station. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.iflscience.com/iflscience-the-big-questions-what-is-space-weather-and-how-does-it-affect... |
| Description | Our Place in Space talk |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Nigel Meredith gave a talk on the "sounds" of space on Midsummer Common as part of the Cambridge launch weekend of "Our Place in Space". "Celestial Incantations", the second album of Nigel Meredith's art-science collaboration "Sounds of Space Project", featured in a silent disco skygazing event on Midsummer Common as part of "Our Place in Space". More than 200 skygazers enjoyed the music and the space 'sounds' while witnessing the beauty of the night sky, including the moon, Saturn, countless satellites and some Perseid meteors. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | Poster presentation at the UK Autumn MIST 2022 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | The UK national MIST meeting in November 2022 attracted ~70 scientists to discuss and highlight research from the community. An overview poster of the project was presented |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| URL | https://www.mist.ac.uk/meetings/upcoming-meetings/317-autumn-mist-2022 |
| Description | Press release for climate change projection |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | BAS released a press release promoting Ingrid Cnossen's paper: "A realistic projection of climate change in the upper atmosphere into the 21st century" (Geophysical Research Letters). This attracted considerable media attention including an article on Sky news. https://skynews.icu/science/154128-climate-change-to-increase-lifetime-of-space-debris/ |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| URL | https://www.bas.ac.uk/media-post/climate-change-to-increase-lifetime-of-space-pollution/ |
| Description | Response to media enquiry from "De Volkskrant" (Dutch national newspaper) on effects of geomagnetic field reversal |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | I was contacted by a journalist from "De Volkskrant", a national newspaper in the Netherlands, regarding an article about the effects of a reversal of the Earth's magnetic field. I answered her questions and was quoted in the article, which appeared in April 2021. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.volkskrant.nl/wetenschap/de-magnetische-noordpool-is-op-drift-hoe-de-wereld-er-bij-zou-l... |
| Description | School visit (Monkfield) Apr2023 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Schools |
| Results and Impact | 120 pupils took part in interactive STEM week sessions on planets, moons and gravity. They were in 2 groups of 60, one from Reception and one from Year 1. The children enjoyed the activities and were surprised that the number of known moons continues to increase. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | Science Strategy Tours |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Mervyn Freeman, Richard Horne, and Nigel Meredith hosted media tours for the BAS Science Strategy launch on 19 June. Nigel gave an interview to space.com on his recent paper about the impact of a 1 in 100-year space weather event on GPS satellites, and Mervyn gave an interview to Chinese Central TV about the EISCAT_3D radar. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | Sounds of Space Session |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Nigel Meredith curated a 1 hour 'sounds of space' session for The Dark Train on Warminster Community Radio. The session took the listeners on a voyage of discovery and featured music inspired by and including space 'sounds' from Earth to beyond the galaxy. The show was recorded and is now available on Mixcloud (https://www.mixcloud.com/katebosworth/wcr-dark-train-ma15-nigel-merediths-sounds-of-space-session-20-06-22/). The 'sounds of space' session starts at minute 29. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| URL | https://www.mixcloud.com/katebosworth/wcr-dark-train-ma15-nigel-merediths-sounds-of-space-session-20... |
| Description | Sounds of Space at Cambridge Science Festival |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | This activity took place at Anglia Ruskin University as part of the Cambridge Science Festival. It included included a scientific presentation on the sounds of space, followed by a performance with animation, contemporary dance and soundscapes, and finished with a question and answer session. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| URL | https://www.bas.ac.uk/event/cambridge-science-festival-sounds-of-space/ |
| Description | Sounds of Space at the Bluedot Festival |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I gave a talk on the "Sounds of Space" at the Bluedot Festival, Jodrell Bank Observatory. 250 members of the general public were in attendance. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| URL | https://www.discoverthebluedot.com/profile/panel:-sounds-of-space |
| Description | Sounds of Space at the British Antarctic Survey |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | This activity took place at the British Antarctic Survey. It included included a scientific presentation on the sounds of space, followed by a performance with live music, animation, contemporary dance and soundscapes, and finished with a question and answer session. The event was live-streamed and has since had over 11,500 views on the BAS Youtube channel. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| URL | https://www.bas.ac.uk/event/sounds-of-space-performance/ |
| Description | Sounds of Space at the Cambridge Festival of Ideas |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | In October 2019 a new immersive performance of the 'sounds of space' was showcased at the Cambridge Festival of Ideas. This show included a science talk followed by a performance with vibrant, experimental, contemporary dance, in which the dancers moved through the audience and space as they responded to the sound-led, data-driven journey from Antarctica to beyond the galaxy. The dynamic performance was followed by a serene meditative experience, led by Diana Scarborough, featuring 'sounds' from the VLF receiver at Halley, images of Antarctica and the beautiful piano music of Kim Cunio. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Sping MIST 2023 - Daggitt |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Tom Daggitt (PhD student) gave a poster showing how strong diffusion of particles acts an an acceleration process in the radiation belts. This was at the National Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Solar Terrestrial physics (MIST) meeting at the University of Birmingham |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | Sping MIST 2023 - Kavanagh |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Andrew Kavanagh gave an oral presentation on the BAS led NERC Highlight Topic, DRIIVE, at the national Magnetosphere, Ionosphere, Solar-Terrestrial physics (MIST) meeting at Birmingham University. He also chaired a session. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | Spring MIST 2023 - Chisham |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Gareth Chisham presented a poster at the National Magnetosphere, Ionosphere, Solar-terrestrial physics (MIST) meeting at the University of Birmingham on how plasma vorticity is driven both by ionospheric convection and turbulence |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | Spring MIST 2023 - Reidy |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Jade Reidy gave a presentation on her work detailing a new data set of the lower ionosphere spanning over two decades. This was at the national Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Solar Terrestrial physics (MIST) meeting at the University of Birmingham. This was supported by the BAS led Large Grant: MesoS2D |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | St Neots Astronomical Society |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I gave a talk to St Neots Astronomical Society. A relatively small society, there were about 10 people there. This was my first visit to this particular society and they were keen to invite me back in future. There was much discussion after my presentation. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | Stour Astronomical Society |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I gave a presentation to Stour Astronomical Society. This was my third invitation to visit to this society. Approximately 15 people attended and there were many interesting questions and discussion at the end of my talk. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | Talk entitled "Extreme relativistic electron fluxes in the Earth's outer radiation belt" presented at the UK Space Weather and Space Environment meeting in Cardiff in September |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | I presented my recent work on the 1 in 10 and 1 in 100 year space weather events in GPS orbit as a function of position and electron energy to a wide audience consisting of space safety scientists, engineers, forecasters, end-users, and policy makers. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://iop.eventsair.com/ukswse2023/ |
| Description | Teaching at the International School on Space Science |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Richard Horne and Mark Clilverd provided lectures at the International School on Space Science in L'Aquila, Italy. this was attended from students from across the world |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | U3A Cambourne talk June2023 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I gave a presentation on Space Weather at the Earth and other planets to the University of the 3rd Age, Cambourne group. There was a lot of interesting questions and discussion after the talk. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | UK Space Weather Week 2023 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Several Members of the team attended the inaugural meeting: "UK Space Weather & Space Environment Meeting I: Transitioning from the SWIMMR Space-Weather Programme" in Cardiff. This was an opportunity to network with stakeholders from the Met Office, the US Space Weather Prediction Centre, DSTL and others. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.iop.org/events/uk-space-weather-and-space-environment-meeting-i-transitioning-swimmr-spa... |
| Description | Work Experience student (July2023) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I hosted a year 12 work experience student for a week. He had a very varied week with some research activities related to space weather, visits to many other science teams in BAS and also the BAS archives. We had a lot of discussion during the week about science, careers and work |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |