Design Guidelines for Industrial 4D Printing

Research Aim:
To develop a set of design guidelines for industrial 4D Printing through material extrusion of PLA (polylactic acid) components.
What are the current barriers towards the industrialisation of 4D Printing?
What are the key variables in terms of build and manufacturing processes that affect 4D Printing properties?
To what extent do different external stimuli such as heat influence the 4D Printing behaviour?
How can the proposed set of design guidelines support engineers when designing and developing parts?
EXPECTED CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE:
To enable engineers to understand the relationship between the manufacturing processes and how they influence the 4D Printing behaviour of parts;
To identify potential industrial applications for 4D Printed parts.