Impact of Paraná-Etendeka volcanism on the Early Cretaceous climate

Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) represent voluminous accumulations of mainly mafic igneous rocks, erupted and emplaced in a geologically short duration (Bryan and Ernst 2008). LIPs, in addition to the large volumes of lava, release enormous amounts of volcanic gases, which can have devastating effects on the Earth's climate and the biosphere (Ernst and Youbi 2017). Although there is a temporal correlation, and a suggested causal link, between the eruption of LIPs and periods of global climate change and mass extinction events in the Earth's history, the extent of these changes seems to vary between LIPs.