How do animals cope with stress in different environments? (Ref 4595)

This research project explores the evolution of stress response systems in animals, with a particular focus on how the predictability of stressors influences these responses. Stress responses help organisms react to environmental challenges, balancing immediate survival actions (e.g., fight-or-flight) with maintaining overall physiological stability. However, the specific form of these responses varies across individuals and species. The study aims to investigate how environmental factors, particularly the predictability of threats, shape the evolution and function of stress response mechanisms. Specifically, the project aims to deliver the following objectives: (i) develop evolutionary models of stress response systems: The research will use mathematical modelling to predict how stress response systems evolve under varying environmental conditions. The models will explore key features like how stress may increase damage to cells, and how medical interventions or chronic stress influence these responses. (ii) experimentally measure the effect of stressor predictability: using the Mediterranean field cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) as a model organism, the study will examine the physiological response to stressors by exposing crickets to predator cues (e.g., predator scents). The research will measure stress hormone levels, particularly octopamine, which plays a key role in insect stress responses. (iii) field study on natural stressors in wild cricket populations: The project will compare stress responses in crickets from different locations in Spain, where predator composition and density vary. Experimental manipulation of stress exposure will also be conducted using protective cages to control predator presence.