Investigating the Role of Physical Activity in Mathematics Learning

Mathematics proficiency is a vital skill for academic and professional success, but the United Kingdom faces challenges in promoting numeracy skills among its population. Simultaneously, concerns arise regarding low physical activity (PA) levels among children. This research proposal aims to investigate the role of PA in mathematics learning (ML) and explore the mechanisms underlying this relationship.

Previous studies have extensively explored the effects of physical activities on cognitive function, academic achievement, and classroom behaviour. However, limited attention has been given to the specific impact of PA on mathematics learning, despite the significance of mathematical skills acquired in childhood for future accomplishments. Empirical studies exploring the integration of PA into academic lessons have yielded inconclusive results regarding its impact on mathematical performance.

This research proposal identifies key research areas and gaps in the existing literature:

Optimal Duration, Frequency, and Intensity of PA Interventions: There is a need to understand the ideal duration, frequency, and intensity of PA interventions, taking into account students' baseline abilities and demographic and socioeconomic factors. Some studies suggest that longer interventions benefit low-achieving math students more, while shorter interventions benefit high-achievers, aligning with research on baseline aerobic fitness. Further investigation is warranted.

Mechanisms of PA on ML: This includes examining the role of aerobic fitness in the relationship between PA and academic performance, the impact on cognitive load during math learning, the connection to academic achievement, process evaluation, and the influence of anxiety associated with math learning.

The research aims to:

Investigate Mechanisms: Explore how PA affects ML, including the role of aerobic fitness, cognitive load, inhibitory control, engagement, self-efficacy, and anxiety.
Optimal Dosage and Intensity: Determine the ideal dosage, duration, and intensity of PA interventions for different student cohorts.
Experimental Study: Conduct an experimental study using an adaptive dosage approach to tailor interventions based on individual factors and compare it with traditional sedentary learning and other intervention approaches.
Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors: Analyse the influence of demographic and socioeconomic factors on the relationship between PA and mathematical learning.
Framework Development: Develop a framework for integrating PA into ML for different student cohorts and provide policy recommendations.
The methodology involves a mixed-methods approach, including a literature review, an experimental study with adaptive dosing, and data collection through assessments, physical tests, and questionnaires.

The research's significance lies in its potential to provide a comprehensive understanding of how PA impacts ML, the mechanisms at play, and optimal intervention strategies for different student groups. The findings will inform educational practices and policies, helping design effective strategies to enhance numeracy skills and promote physical activity among children, thereby contributing to academic and overall well-being.