Markers of planet migration in the population of planetary cores
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Warwick
Department Name: Physics
Abstract
We now know of planets numbering in the thousands. This tells us that planets are common, enough to be a usual occurrence around stars like the sun. However, despite this increasing number of planets, finding out more detail about them is difficult. What are the planets made of, and how did they form and evolve to leave the planets we see? Finding out how other solar systems formed allows us to place our own Solar System in context. Perhaps we are typical, or perhaps unique - this knowledge changes how we think about the Earth and our life upon it.
One way to study how other planets form is to look at their cores. The planetary core shows the environment it began in, with its composition telling us what materials were present at its beginning, before it obtained an envelope of gas. We still do not know any great detail about the cores of Jupiter and Saturn, because their gas envelopes block the core from view, and the same is true of other worlds. But planets close to their host star receive a lot of light and energy, enough to evaporate the gas and reveal the core. By uncovering a new population of these planets, I want to find out the dominant composition of their cores, discovering if they formed differently from others. As such short period planets do not exist in the Solar System, I will be uncovering the evidence of a new type of planetary evolution and history.
One way to study how other planets form is to look at their cores. The planetary core shows the environment it began in, with its composition telling us what materials were present at its beginning, before it obtained an envelope of gas. We still do not know any great detail about the cores of Jupiter and Saturn, because their gas envelopes block the core from view, and the same is true of other worlds. But planets close to their host star receive a lot of light and energy, enough to evaporate the gas and reveal the core. By uncovering a new population of these planets, I want to find out the dominant composition of their cores, discovering if they formed differently from others. As such short period planets do not exist in the Solar System, I will be uncovering the evidence of a new type of planetary evolution and history.
Organisations
- University of Warwick (Lead Research Organisation)
- University of Porto (Collaboration)
- Alan Turing Institute (Collaboration)
- National University of San Martin (Collaboration)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Collaboration)
- University of Geneva (Collaboration)
- Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseile (Collaboration)
People |
ORCID iD |
| David John Armstrong (Principal Investigator / Fellow) |
Publications
Tilbrook R
(2021)
NGTS 15b, 16b, 17b, and 18b: four hot Jupiters from the Next-Generation Transit Survey
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Bryant E
(2021)
A transit timing variation observed for the long-period extremely low-density exoplanet HIP 41378 f
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
Armstrong D
(2021)
Exoplanet validation with machine learning: 50 new validated Kepler planets
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Audenaert J
(2021)
TESS Data for Asteroseismology (T'DA) Stellar Variability Classification Pipeline: Setup and Application to the Kepler Q9 Data
in The Astronomical Journal
Osborn A
(2021)
TOI-431/HIP 26013: a super-Earth and a sub-Neptune transiting a bright, early K dwarf, with a third RV planet
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Hoyer S
(2021)
TOI-220 b : a warm sub-Neptune discovered by TESS
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Teske J
(2021)
The Magellan-TESS Survey. I. Survey Description and Midsurvey Results* â€
in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
Battley M
(2021)
Revisiting the Kepler field with TESS : Improved ephemerides using TESS 2 min data
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Briegal J
(2022)
Periodic stellar variability from almost a million NGTS light curves
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Azevedo Silva T
(2022)
The HD 137496 system: A dense, hot super-Mercury and a cold Jupiter
in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Battley M
(2022)
YOUNG Star detrending for Transiting Exoplanet Recovery (YOUNGSTER) - II. Using self-organizing maps to explore young star variability in sectors 1-13 of TESS data
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Fereshteh-Saniee N
(2022)
Quality Analysis of Weld-Line Defects in Carbon Fibre Reinforced Sheet Moulding Compounds by Automated Eddy Current Scanning
in Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing
Kaye L
(2022)
Transit timings variations in the three-planet system: TOI-270
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Salomé Grouffal
(2022)
Rossiter-McLaughlin detection of the 9-month period transiting exoplanet HIP41378 d
Grouffal S
(2022)
Rossiter-McLaughlin detection of the 9-month period transiting exoplanet HIP41378 d
in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Barragán O
(2022)
The young HD 73583 (TOI-560) planetary system: two 10-M? mini-Neptunes transiting a 500-Myr-old, bright, and active K dwarf
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Barros S
(2023)
The young mini-Neptune HD 207496b that is either a naked core or on the verge of becoming one
in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sha L
(2023)
TESS spots a mini-neptune interior to a hot saturn in the TOI-2000 system
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Frame G.
(2023)
TOI-2498 b: a hot bloated super-Neptune within the Neptune desert
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Wood M
(2023)
TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME). IX. A 27 Myr Extended Population of Lower Centaurus Crux with a Transiting Two-planet System
in The Astronomical Journal
Jackson D
(2023)
The discovery of three hot Jupiters, NGTS-23b, 24b, and 25b, and updated parameters for HATS-54b from the Next Generation Transit Survey
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Hawthorn F
(2023)
TOI-836: A super-Earth and mini-Neptune transiting a nearby K-dwarf
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Armstrong D
(2023)
Discovery and characterization of two Neptune-mass planets orbiting HD 212729 with TESS
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Lillo-Box J
(2023)
TOI-969: a late-K dwarf with a hot mini-Neptune in the desert and an eccentric cold Jupiter
in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Osborn A
(2023)
TOI-332 b: a super dense Neptune found deep within the Neptunian desert
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
| Description | This research program generated one of the most substantial characterisation programs of TESS discovered exoplanets, particularly at the time of launch of the mission. Over 35 planets in 18 planetary systems were observed in detail, fulfilling over 20% of the key mission objective of the NASA TESS mission, a substantial international program, entirely through this program. In particular, a new population of planets inhabiting the 'Neptunian Desert', a region of parameter space thought to be devoid of planets, was discovered. Several discoveries in this space revealed a remnant planetary core, as well as several other unusual planets which push the limits of planet formation theory. These discoveries opened up this parameter space to further studies, projects, and ongoing work. Planets on either side of the 'radius gap', another key feature in the planet population, were studied, and the density and internal structure of planets below the gap revealed. A new machine learning technique allowing statistical validation of planet candidates was developed and published, directly inspiring further and ongoing work in that area. |
| Exploitation Route | The new population of planets in the Neptunian Desert is already forming the basis of multiple proposals for observing time (on e.g. JWST, ESO telescopes, more), and research programs, as it opens up a route to understanding planet formation and evolution in extreme environments. Software tools developed are in use to improve and inform the ESA PLATO mission under development. |
| Sectors | Other |
| Description | Significant discoveries generated press releases and international attention from the media. In particular, the discovery of a remnant planetary core was taken up by national and international sources, including the BBC (live interview on Radio 4's Today program) and over 100 newspapers/news websites. A new research area has developed around the Neptunian Desert, due to the population of planets discovered there through this award. |
| First Year Of Impact | 2020 |
| Impact Types | Cultural |
| Description | Habitability in the Universe Postgraduate training |
| Geographic Reach | Local/Municipal/Regional |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | Over 100 students have taken the module, with uniformly positive feedback. |
| URL | https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/cross_fac/iatl/study/postgraduate_modules_iatl/habitability/ |
| Description | Frontier Research Guarantee |
| Amount | ÂŁ1,323,766 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | EP/X027562/1 |
| Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 12/2022 |
| End | 12/2027 |
| Description | Warwick Astronomy & Astrophysics Consolidated Grant 2023-2026 |
| Amount | ÂŁ2,428,922 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | ST/X001121/1 |
| Organisation | Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 03/2023 |
| End | 03/2026 |
| Title | HARPS archival data - NCORES and NOMADS programs |
| Description | Spectroscopic observations of several TESS candidate planets, which are made public on the ESO archive one year after observation. Observations cover over 140 nights of time on the HARPS spectrograph, and several tens of planetary systems. The dates cover observations taken from 2018 to 2023, and will continue. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2019 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Ongoing publications and follow-up pf TESS planetary candidates. Archival studies looking at long term radial velocity variations and stellar characterisation will be enabled by this dataset. |
| URL | http://archive.eso.org/wdb/wdb/adp/phase3_main/form |
| Title | K2-138 HARPS radial velocities |
| Description | VizieR online Data Catalogue associated with article published in journal Astronomy & Astrophysics with title 'Exoplanet characterisation in the longest known resonant chain: the K2-138 system seen by HARPS.' (bibcode: 2019A&A...631A..90L) |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2019 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Data required for publication. See publication table for citations and ongoing impact. |
| URL | https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/631/A90 |
| Title | K2-32 and K2-233 light and RV curves |
| Description | VizieR online Data Catalogue associated with article published in journal Astronomy & Astrophysics with title 'Masses for the seven planets in K2-32 and K2-233. Four diverse planets in resonant chain and the first young rocky worlds.' (bibcode: 2020A&A...640A..48L) |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2020 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Data required for publication. See publication table for citations and ongoing impact. |
| URL | https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/640/A48 |
| Title | Kepler planet masses, radii and orbital periods |
| Description | VizieR online Data Catalogue associated with article published in journal Astronomical Journal (AAS) with title 'A gap in the mass distribution for warm Neptune and terrestrial planets.' (bibcode: 2019ApJ...880L...1A) |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Data required for publication. See publication table for citations and ongoing impact. |
| URL | https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/880/L1 |
| Title | NGTS-4b A sub-Neptune transiting in the desert |
| Description | VizieR online Data Catalogue associated with article published in journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society with title ' NGTS-4b: A sub-Neptune transiting in the desert.' (bibcode: 2019MNRAS.486.5094W) |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Key planet which will be observed in upcoming ESA PLATO mission |
| URL | https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/486/5094 |
| Title | NGTS-8b and NGTS-9b non-inflated hot Jupiters |
| Description | VizieR online Data Catalogue associated with article published in journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society with title ' NGTS-8b and NGTS-9b: two non-inflated hot Jupiters.' (bibcode: 2020MNRAS.491.2834C) |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/491/2834 |
| Title | Near-resonance in a system of sub-Neptunes from TESS |
| Description | VizieR online Data Catalogue associated with article published in journal Astronomical Journal (AAS) with title 'Near-resonance in a system of sub-Neptunes from TESS.' (bibcode: 2019AJ....158..177Q) |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2020 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Data required for publication. See publication table for citations and ongoing impact. |
| URL | https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/158/177 |
| Title | SuperWASP transit false positive catalog |
| Description | VizieR online Data Catalogue associated with article published in journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society with title ' SuperWASP dispositions and false positive catalogue.' (bibcode: 2019MNRAS.488.4905S) |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2019 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | - |
| URL | https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/488/4905 |
| Title | TESS and NGTS LCs and RVs of NGTS-11 |
| Description | VizieR online Data Catalogue associated with article published in journal Astronomical Journal (AAS) with title 'NGTS-11 b (TOI-1847 b): a transiting warm Saturn recovered from a TESS single-transit event.' (bibcode: 2020ApJ...898L..11G) |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Data required for publication. See publication table for citations and ongoing impact. |
| URL | https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/898/L11 |
| Title | TIC-231005575 photometric and RV curves |
| Description | VizieR online Data Catalogue associated with article published in journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society with title ' A long period (P = 61.8 d) M5V dwarf eclipsing a Sun-like star from TESS and NGTS.' (bibcode: 2020MNRAS.495.2713G) |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2020 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/495/2713 |
| Description | Collaboration with Machine Learning research group/Turing Institute |
| Organisation | Alan Turing Institute |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Collaborative work whereby by team contributes field-expertise in terms of exoplanets, detection methods and data, and applies jointly developed machine learning techniques to our research |
| Collaborator Contribution | A researcher associated with the Turing contributes expertise on state of the art machine learning techniques which we apply in our research. |
| Impact | Publication - Exoplanet Validation with Machine Learning: 50 new validated Kepler planets (see publications). This was associated with a joint press release. In addition two jointly supervised students, one at 3rd year project level and one at Masters level. |
| Start Year | 2018 |
| Description | NCORES collaboration |
| Organisation | Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseile |
| Country | France |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | I am the PI of the collaboration. NCORES exists to coordinate, perform and publish spectroscopic characterisations of planets discovered near the photoevaporation gap, which hence may be exposed planetary cores. I organise the collaboration, PI the large HARPS program which obtains much of the relevant data, and coordinate outputs and publications. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Geneva - The Geneva observatory has significant expertise on the spectrographs used, and lends significant manpower in analysing those data and troubleshooting any issues that arise, as well as performing planetary internal structure calculations. Porto - The team at Porto are experts on stellar characterisation and perform this stage of the analysis for all results LAM - The team at Marseilles perform planetary internal structure calculations and joint Bayesian fitting of datasets. |
| Impact | Publication Outputs: 5 journal articles as detailed in publications section. Public datasets: The HARPS observations which form the backbone of the collaboration are made public after one year and archived by ESO. |
| Start Year | 2018 |
| Description | NCORES collaboration |
| Organisation | University of Geneva |
| Department | Geneva Observatory |
| Country | Switzerland |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | I am the PI of the collaboration. NCORES exists to coordinate, perform and publish spectroscopic characterisations of planets discovered near the photoevaporation gap, which hence may be exposed planetary cores. I organise the collaboration, PI the large HARPS program which obtains much of the relevant data, and coordinate outputs and publications. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Geneva - The Geneva observatory has significant expertise on the spectrographs used, and lends significant manpower in analysing those data and troubleshooting any issues that arise, as well as performing planetary internal structure calculations. Porto - The team at Porto are experts on stellar characterisation and perform this stage of the analysis for all results LAM - The team at Marseilles perform planetary internal structure calculations and joint Bayesian fitting of datasets. |
| Impact | Publication Outputs: 5 journal articles as detailed in publications section. Public datasets: The HARPS observations which form the backbone of the collaboration are made public after one year and archived by ESO. |
| Start Year | 2018 |
| Description | NCORES collaboration |
| Organisation | University of Porto |
| Country | Portugal |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | I am the PI of the collaboration. NCORES exists to coordinate, perform and publish spectroscopic characterisations of planets discovered near the photoevaporation gap, which hence may be exposed planetary cores. I organise the collaboration, PI the large HARPS program which obtains much of the relevant data, and coordinate outputs and publications. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Geneva - The Geneva observatory has significant expertise on the spectrographs used, and lends significant manpower in analysing those data and troubleshooting any issues that arise, as well as performing planetary internal structure calculations. Porto - The team at Porto are experts on stellar characterisation and perform this stage of the analysis for all results LAM - The team at Marseilles perform planetary internal structure calculations and joint Bayesian fitting of datasets. |
| Impact | Publication Outputs: 5 journal articles as detailed in publications section. Public datasets: The HARPS observations which form the backbone of the collaboration are made public after one year and archived by ESO. |
| Start Year | 2018 |
| Description | NOMADS Collaboration |
| Organisation | Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseile |
| Country | France |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Armstrong is the PI of this collaboration. The group of >30 academics and students works to characterise planets in the Neptunian desert, with the long term aim of revealing the demographics and statistical properties of the desert planet population. Our research team's contribution is in acquiring telescope time on the HARPS spectrograph, coordinating observations, targets, and the wider consortium, and providing strategic direction to the project. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Different collaborators have different inputs. These include stellar characterisation, planetary internal structure modelling, false positive simulations, telescope observing, and photometric and spectroscopic followup of candidates. |
| Impact | Publications in progress. |
| Start Year | 2021 |
| Description | NOMADS Collaboration |
| Organisation | National University of San Martin |
| Country | Argentina |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Armstrong is the PI of this collaboration. The group of >30 academics and students works to characterise planets in the Neptunian desert, with the long term aim of revealing the demographics and statistical properties of the desert planet population. Our research team's contribution is in acquiring telescope time on the HARPS spectrograph, coordinating observations, targets, and the wider consortium, and providing strategic direction to the project. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Different collaborators have different inputs. These include stellar characterisation, planetary internal structure modelling, false positive simulations, telescope observing, and photometric and spectroscopic followup of candidates. |
| Impact | Publications in progress. |
| Start Year | 2021 |
| Description | NOMADS Collaboration |
| Organisation | University of Geneva |
| Department | Geneva Observatory |
| Country | Switzerland |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Armstrong is the PI of this collaboration. The group of >30 academics and students works to characterise planets in the Neptunian desert, with the long term aim of revealing the demographics and statistical properties of the desert planet population. Our research team's contribution is in acquiring telescope time on the HARPS spectrograph, coordinating observations, targets, and the wider consortium, and providing strategic direction to the project. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Different collaborators have different inputs. These include stellar characterisation, planetary internal structure modelling, false positive simulations, telescope observing, and photometric and spectroscopic followup of candidates. |
| Impact | Publications in progress. |
| Start Year | 2021 |
| Description | NOMADS Collaboration |
| Organisation | University of Porto |
| Country | Portugal |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Armstrong is the PI of this collaboration. The group of >30 academics and students works to characterise planets in the Neptunian desert, with the long term aim of revealing the demographics and statistical properties of the desert planet population. Our research team's contribution is in acquiring telescope time on the HARPS spectrograph, coordinating observations, targets, and the wider consortium, and providing strategic direction to the project. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Different collaborators have different inputs. These include stellar characterisation, planetary internal structure modelling, false positive simulations, telescope observing, and photometric and spectroscopic followup of candidates. |
| Impact | Publications in progress. |
| Start Year | 2021 |
| Description | TESS Follow-up Observing Program (TFOP) |
| Organisation | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | I am the PI of a HARPS spectrograph program which follows up candidate TESS planets. The results of the follow-up are coordinated with the TFOP collaboration to avoid duplicating observations and maximise the efficiency of the TESS satellite and my HARPS program. |
| Collaborator Contribution | MIT is the site of the TESS science office where TESS data is initially processed. TFOP is actually a wider collaboration involving a large number of institutes around the world, and coordinates follow-up activities to TESS planets. THE main team at MIT contribute to my research by releasing early lists of TESS planet candidates which allows me to save significant time in moving to planet characterisation. The amount of in-kind funding is an estimate but the time saved is substantial, and hence the in-kind funding is likely underestimated if anything. |
| Impact | Publications: Several publications as detailed in the publications section. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | BBC Sky at Night interview |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I was interviewed for the BBC 'Sky at Night' program, with the resulting episode broadcast nationally and available on the BBC's iplayer service after broadcast. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Business Insider contacted for comment |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I was contacted by Business Insider to comment on an article related to habitable environments and off-world exploration, and quoted in the resulting article. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Engagement talk (Local) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
| Results and Impact | I gave a talk on the science of 'The Martian' movie from an exoplanet research perspective, linked in with a screening of the film. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Knowle and Dorridge Astronomy society |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I gave an invited talk at a local astronomy society meeting, talking about my research and the exoplanet field. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Press release - Machine learning for exoplanet discovery |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | We made a press release to accompany a publication in Summer 2020 on the discovery of 50 new planets using machine learning. The interest was significant, appearing in 100s of international news outlets. The press release led directly to an invite to be a main keynote speaker at a major industry data science conference (ODSC Europe 2020), and several contacts offering computing time or expertise. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Press release, radio and TV interview - Remnant planetary core |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | A significant publication was released in Summer 2020, on the discovery of the remnant core of a giant planet. We made a press release along with the publication, which led to hundreds of news outlets featuring the case, including prominent international and US media. I gave a live interview both on BBC World News (TV) and on BBC Radio 4's PM show, a primetime news show. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | The Times quoted on K2-18 publication |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I was contacted by The Times to comment on a recent exoplanet paper, and quoted in the resulting article. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |