Multisphere: Consistently Parallelizing High-Dimensional Sphere Decoders
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Surrey
Department Name: Communications Systems Res CCSR
Abstract
During the last decades, the evolution of wireless and mobile communication systems has significantly contributed to the economic and social improvement of both developed and developing countries and it has transformed the daily lives of millions of people. Our increasing need to connect to anything (from people to services and physical things) at any time and to access/exchange increasing amounts of information despite the existing limitations in the available frequency spectrum and processing capabilities, as well as our need to experience "zero-latency" wireless access, has imposed the need to revisit the way communication systems are designed.
Targeting pragmatic future wireless systems able to deliver the capacity scaling predicted in theory, the proposed research focuses on two, currently in progress, paradigm shifts that have a strong potential to transform the way we design wireless communications systems: (a) The one from orthogonal to non-orthogonal signal transmissions according to which instead of trying to prevent transmitting signals from interfering, we now intentionally allow mutually interfering information streams, and (b) the one from sequential to parallel (receiver) processing according to which instead of using one processing element to perform the calculations of a functionality, we now split the corresponding processing load onto several processing units. While digital processing systems with tens or even hundreds of processing elements have been predicted, it is still not obvious how we can efficiently exploit this processing power to develop high-throughput and power efficient wireless communication systems, and specifically how we can cope with the exponentially computationally intensive case of optimally recovering a large number of (intentionally) interfering information streams.
This research targets a theoretical and practical framework for efficiently parallelizing sphere decoders used to optimally reconstruct a large number of mutually interfering information streams. Sphere decoding is a well-known technique that dramatically reduces the related complexity. However, while sphere decoding is simpler, compared to other solutions that are able to deliver optimal performance, its complexity still increases exponentially with the number of interfering streams, preventing the practical throughput gains from being scaled by increasing the number of mutually interfering streams as predicted in theory. This research targets practical sphere decoders able to support a large number of interfering streams with processing latency or power consumption requirements which are orders of magnitude smaller than those of single processor systems.
The research addresses the key EPSRC priority "Many-Core-Architecture and Concurrency in Distributed and Embedded Systems" and will contribute to the design and implementation of future wireless communication systems by enhancing our understanding of the theoretical and practical aspects related to the development of parallel processing architectures for wireless communication systems and by introducing a framework for related implementation decisions.
Targeting pragmatic future wireless systems able to deliver the capacity scaling predicted in theory, the proposed research focuses on two, currently in progress, paradigm shifts that have a strong potential to transform the way we design wireless communications systems: (a) The one from orthogonal to non-orthogonal signal transmissions according to which instead of trying to prevent transmitting signals from interfering, we now intentionally allow mutually interfering information streams, and (b) the one from sequential to parallel (receiver) processing according to which instead of using one processing element to perform the calculations of a functionality, we now split the corresponding processing load onto several processing units. While digital processing systems with tens or even hundreds of processing elements have been predicted, it is still not obvious how we can efficiently exploit this processing power to develop high-throughput and power efficient wireless communication systems, and specifically how we can cope with the exponentially computationally intensive case of optimally recovering a large number of (intentionally) interfering information streams.
This research targets a theoretical and practical framework for efficiently parallelizing sphere decoders used to optimally reconstruct a large number of mutually interfering information streams. Sphere decoding is a well-known technique that dramatically reduces the related complexity. However, while sphere decoding is simpler, compared to other solutions that are able to deliver optimal performance, its complexity still increases exponentially with the number of interfering streams, preventing the practical throughput gains from being scaled by increasing the number of mutually interfering streams as predicted in theory. This research targets practical sphere decoders able to support a large number of interfering streams with processing latency or power consumption requirements which are orders of magnitude smaller than those of single processor systems.
The research addresses the key EPSRC priority "Many-Core-Architecture and Concurrency in Distributed and Embedded Systems" and will contribute to the design and implementation of future wireless communication systems by enhancing our understanding of the theoretical and practical aspects related to the development of parallel processing architectures for wireless communication systems and by introducing a framework for related implementation decisions.
Planned Impact
The evolution of wireless and mobile communication technologies can transform the way we live and work. Investing in the information economy has been recognized by the UK as a way to contribute to a strong sustainable growth and according to the "Information Economy Strategy" (June 2013) "we want the next generation of mobile technology to be developed here in the UK". This research contributes to this vision and addresses the key EPSRC priority "Many-Core-Architecture and Concurrency in Distributed and Embedded Systems", by contributing to the theory, design and development of technologies able to scale to the capacity of future wireless communication systems despite the current limitations in frequency spectrum and (single) processors' speed.
Results of this research will act as enablers of the next generation of wireless communication technologies (e.g., 5G) and will contribute to an enhanced wireless infrastructure which is vitally important for the digital economy and for all the UK business and society. In addition, the research will contribute to UK's academic standing in the field for wireless communications and signal processing, and to the training of highly skilled researchers and engineers who will be exposed to theory and practice of several disciplines (i.e., with elements from communication systems, digital systems design and computer science).
In addition, since the proposed research addresses the design and implementation of advanced digital systems (e.g., design of Many-Processor on Chip - MPSoC) for wireless and mobile communication systems it can directly impact telecommunications equipment makers (e.g., Huawei, Samsung), semiconductor and system-on-chip manufacturers (e.g., ARM Holdings, NVIDIA) companies who produce embedded hardware and software for wireless communication systems (e.g., Freescale Semiconductor) as well as manufacturers of test equipment (e.g., Aircom, Rhode and Schwarz).
Results of this research will act as enablers of the next generation of wireless communication technologies (e.g., 5G) and will contribute to an enhanced wireless infrastructure which is vitally important for the digital economy and for all the UK business and society. In addition, the research will contribute to UK's academic standing in the field for wireless communications and signal processing, and to the training of highly skilled researchers and engineers who will be exposed to theory and practice of several disciplines (i.e., with elements from communication systems, digital systems design and computer science).
In addition, since the proposed research addresses the design and implementation of advanced digital systems (e.g., design of Many-Processor on Chip - MPSoC) for wireless and mobile communication systems it can directly impact telecommunications equipment makers (e.g., Huawei, Samsung), semiconductor and system-on-chip manufacturers (e.g., ARM Holdings, NVIDIA) companies who produce embedded hardware and software for wireless communication systems (e.g., Freescale Semiconductor) as well as manufacturers of test equipment (e.g., Aircom, Rhode and Schwarz).
People |
ORCID iD |
Konstantinos Nikitopoulos (Principal Investigator) |
Publications
Nikitopoulos K
(2016)
MultiSphere: Massively Parallel Tree Search for Large Sphere Decoders
Georgis G
(2017)
Geosphere: An Exact Depth-First Sphere Decoder Architecture Scalable to Very Dense Constellations
in IEEE Access
Husmann C
(2018)
Reduced Latency ML Polar Decoding via Multiple Sphere-Decoding Tree Searches
in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
Jayawardena C
(2018)
Massively Parallel Detection for Non-Orthogonal Signal Transmissions
Georgis G
(2019)
SWORD: Towards a Soft and Open Radio Design for Rapid Development, Profiling, Validation and Testing
in IEEE Access
Nikitopoulos K
(2019)
Massively Parallel Tree Search for High-Dimensional Sphere Decoders
in IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Nikitopoulos K
(2019)
Wiley 5G Ref - The Essential 5G Reference Online
Jayawardena C
(2020)
G-MultiSphere: Generalizing Massively Parallel Detection for Non-Orthogonal Signal Transmissions
in IEEE Transactions on Communications
Description | As initially targeted, the results of this research enhance the achievable network throughput and user connectivity by enabling systems that can detect large numbers of mutually interfering information streams, via a novel theoretical and practical framework to massively parallelize sphere decoders. In particular, the research introduced: (a) a mathematical method to a priori identify the "most promising" sphere decoding tree paths to include the transmitted information, (b) the design of a novel sphere decoding partitioning scheme, that is adjustable to the transmission conditions and can focus the processing power on the "most promising" solutions, (c) the design and implementation of a novel complexity-efficient method to allocate symbols to parallel sphere decoders, and (d) the design and implementation of a novel tree traversal and enumeration strategy to avoid unnecessary calculations. The proposed parallelization framework is the first that is (a) scalable and can consistently reduce latency by exploiting any number of the available processing elements, (b) complexity efficient, and, for sphere decoders targeting the optimal solution, it does not increase the overall processing load when increasing the number processing elements, (c) nearly "embarrassingly parallel" as it minimizes dependencies and communication overhead which introduce latency and can moderate if not obliterate the scalability and efficiency of parallelization, (d) adjustable to the transmission conditions and finally (e) applicable to all kinds of sphere decoders, including breadth-first and depth-first, as well as exact (guaranteeing the ML solutions) and approximate sphere decoders. In the paper "FlexCore: Massively Parallel and Flexible Processing for Large MIMO Access Points", which was one of the four selected papers in the field of wireless networks at the highly selective 14th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), it has been validated via software-defined radio (WARP) testbed evaluation, that for 12x12 multi-antenna systems, the proposed parallelization framework can achieve near-optimal throughput while using an order of magnitude fewer processing elements than state-of-the-art sphere decoders. In addition, FlexCore's GPU implementation is the first able to support all LTE bandwidths, even for 12×12 MIMO systems and its flexible, modular and efficient FPGA implementation translated FlexCore's advantage into higher energy and hardware efficiency. According to Google Metrics, NSDI is one of the top two publications in the field of Computing Systems, and in year 2017 FlexCore was the only work representing the UK. This was the first work leading publication, and several followed, including the work "Massively Parallel Tree Search for High-Dimensional Sphere Decoders" that appears in the IEEE Trans. on Parallel and Distributed Systems. As a side result, an efficient sphere detector implementation has been also proposed that enables throughput increase over the state-of-the-art in very dense constellations (e.g., 1024 QAM). Multisphere, also raises new research questions regarding the expansion of the corresponding framework to soft receiver processing, the design of many-core architectures that can flexibly and efficiently schedule the available cores, as well as the extension of the proposed research to a joint detection-decoding framework and to other modules in the transceiver chain. |
Exploitation Route | The results of this research are expected to act as enablers of the next generation of wireless communication technologies, contribute to an enhanced wireless infrastructure which is vitally important for the digital economy and for all the UK business and society. In addition, the results are expected to directly impact telecommunications equipment makers, semiconductor and system-on-chip manufacturers, as well as companies that produce embedded hardware and software for wireless communication systems. |
Sectors | Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Electronics |
URL | https://www.surrey.ac.uk/multisphere-project |
Description | This research contributes to the UK's academic standing in the field for wireless communications, signal processing and computing systems. For example, in the highly selective and prestigious USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation, which according to Google Metrics is one of the top publications in the field of Computing Systems, the work "FlexCore: Massively Parallel and Flexible Processing for Large MIMO Systems" was the only work representing the UK. In addition, this work that has resulted in several word leading research outcomes, has attracted the attention of the corresponding industry, and has resulted in a DCMS 5G testbed and trials project. The research also contributed to the training of skilled postgraduate researchers and engineers, who where exposed to the theory and practice of several disciplines, including communication systems, digital systems design, and computer science. |
First Year Of Impact | 2016 |
Sector | Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Education |
Impact Types | Cultural,Economic |
Description | 5G and Mobile Communications Course to the Chinese Academy of Space Technology (CAST) |
Geographic Reach | Asia |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Description | MSc Module on Advanced 5G Wireless Technologies |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Description | MSc Module on Advanced 5G Wireless Technologies |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Impact | Outcomes of the this research have been included in the MSc module on 5G Advanced Wireless Tecnologies at the University of Surrey, for two years in the row. |
Description | MSc Module on Advanced 5G Wireless Technologies |
Geographic Reach | Local/Municipal/Regional |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Description | MSc Module on Advanced 5G Wireless Technologies |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Impact | In this MSc module the students have been familiarized with the recent technological advances in the field, and the correspond research results. |
Description | MSc Module on Advanced 5G Wireless Technologies |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Impact | In this MSc module the students have been familiarized with the recent technological advances in the field, and the correspond research results. |
Description | PhD Awarded on "Advanced Transceiver Processing for Large MIMO Systems and its Application to the 5th Generation of Mobile Communications" |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Description | PhD Awarded on "Generalized, Massively Parallel Receiver Processing for Non-Orthogonal Signal Transmissions" |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Description | Short Course on 5G Communications and Technologies |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Impact | Outcomes of the this research have been included in the Short Course on "5G Communications and Technologies" at the University of Surrey that has beed attended from people from industrial and policy making entities. This course took place for two years in the row. |
Description | Training of postgraduate students |
Geographic Reach | Europe |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Impact | Two PhD students and one postgraduate student have been involved with the current research, and improved their technical and research skills. |
Description | AutoAir |
Amount | £1,396,107 (GBP) |
Organisation | Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 04/2018 |
End | 03/2019 |
Description | AutoAir 2 |
Amount | £550,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 04/2019 |
End | 03/2020 |
Description | Non-linear precoding for 5G Massive MIMO |
Amount | £210,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | Huawei Technologies |
Sector | Private |
Country | China |
Start | 04/2019 |
End | 10/2020 |
Title | SWORD Research platform |
Description | This is new SoftWare Open Radio Design that is flexible, open for research, low-cost, scalable and software-driven, and able to support advanced large and massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) approaches. |
Type Of Material | Improvements to research infrastructure |
Year Produced | 2019 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Based on this platform, we have attracted industrial funding of approximately £1.6m for the development of a Programmable Software Defined Radio for 5G. |
Description | AirSpan Networks Ltd |
Organisation | Airspan |
Country | United States |
Sector | Private |
PI Contribution | With AirSpan Networks we have been collaborated in AutoAir, and AutoAir II, DCMS 5G Testbeds and Trials Programme, where the corresponding algorithms have been tested in a 3GPP environment. |
Collaborator Contribution | They have been leading the AutoAir project, and have provided expertise in terms of hardware and system development. |
Impact | One of the main outcomes of the AutoAir project is the development of SWORD: a new SoftWare Open Radio Design that is flexible, open for research, low-cost, scalable and software-driven, and able to support advanced large and massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) approaches, that has been published. |
Start Year | 2018 |
Description | Huawei - Precoding Project |
Organisation | Huawei Technologies |
Country | China |
Sector | Private |
PI Contribution | Developing new non-linear precoding algorithms for massive MIMO systems, based on our massively parallel approaches. |
Collaborator Contribution | Research funding. |
Impact | On-going |
Start Year | 2019 |
Description | K. Jamieson; Princeton University/ University College London |
Organisation | Princeton University |
Department | Computer Science Department |
Country | United States |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Our team contributed its expertise in communication systems and intellectual input and practical results regarding the parallelization of sphere decoders. |
Collaborator Contribution | Our collaborator, whose background is in the field of computer science, contributed with his expertise and insight and he also contributed to papers preparation. Since the research is multidisciplinary, his contribution is valuable in making our work more accessible to both communities (Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Computer Science). In addition, our collaborator helps with the dissemination of our results in the US. |
Impact | This collaboration resulted in two papers: The paper "Geosphere: an Exact Depth-First Sphere Decoder Architecture Scalable to Very Dense Constellations" in IEEE Access, and the paper "FlexCore: Massively Parallel and Flexible Processing for Large MIMO Access Points" in 14th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation, which according to Google Scholar Metrics is one of the top publications in the field of Computing Systems. |
Start Year | 2015 |
Title | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DETECTING MUTUALLY INTERFERING INFORMATION STREAMS |
Description | Apparatus and methods for performing symbol detection on a plurality of mutually interfering information streams transmitted in a wireless communication system are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a detector configured to receive an input signal comprising a plurality of mutually interfering information streams, and to detect a transmitted symbol for one of the plurality of mutually interfering information streams by searching for a vector solution to an optimization problem, and a detection evaluation module configured to classify the detected symbol as reliable or unreliable, and/or to determine whether current system conditions permit reliable symbol detection and to take a predetermined action to improve the detection reliability according to a result of the determination. In some embodiments a decoding algorithm is then applied to the plurality of detected symbols to recover information from said one of the mutually interfering information streams. |
IP Reference | WO2019030531 |
Protection | Patent granted |
Year Protection Granted | 2019 |
Licensed | No |
Impact | The patent has attracted the attention of the industry, and they are considering tis commercialization. |
Description | 5GIC workshop (Surrey) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | In the 5GIC workshops, selected technical results are presented to the 5GIC industrial partners and policymakers (e.g., OFCOM). Results of the work and a demo have been presented, technical discussion have taken place, and several of the industrial partners have expressed increase interest in the research findings and they expressed interest to adopt the proposed techniques. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Cambridge Wireless Event: New developments in multiple access schemes |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | The quest for ever greater efficiency in spectrum use, increased capacity and reduction in latency is driving the investigation of novel non-orthogonal systems for 5G, such as PD-NOMA, SCMA, PDMA, LPMA, and MUSA. This was a Cambridge Wireless Event in the New Developments in such systems. Dr Nikitopoulos gave one of the five invited talks, He was also as a member of the discussion panel. Increased interest has been reported and the participants expressed very positive comments. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://www.cambridgewireless.co.uk/events/67379-radio-technology-sig-new-developments-in-mul/ |
Description | CommNet2 Latest Advances on 5G-Air Interface Workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | CommNet² is an EPSRC funded network that aims to bring together the UK academic community engaged in ICT research in order to identify, discuss and address the major ICT challenges of the future. Results of the research have been presented, very positive comments have been collected, and several discussions have taken place of how the research can be extended to other applications. The PI of this research was a co-orginizer of this Workshop on the Latest Advances on 5G-Air Interface. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://commnet.ac.uk/5g-air-interface-speaker-slides/ |
Description | DCMS visit to 5GIC - University of Surrey |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | This was a visit from the Department for Digital, Culture Media and Sports, where the capabilities. research directions and results of 5GIC have been presented and demonstrated. Increased interest has been reported and the participants expressed very positive comments. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Dagsthul Seminar on Foundations or Wireless Networking |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Dagsthul Seminar is a very prestigious event in the corresponding field of research, and someone can attend it only by personal invitation. Dagstuhl selectively invites about 35 to 45 researchers of international standing from academia and industry. Dagstuhl Seminars are known for establishing new directions by bringing together separate fields or even scientific disciplines. In this seminar, Dr K. Nikitopoulos was one of the 9 attendants who was invited to give an long presentation about his research findings. Increased interest has been reported and the participants expressed very positive comments. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://www.dagstuhl.de/no_cache/en/program/calendar/semhp/?semnr=17271 |
Description | Fujitsu Research Labs Japan |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Results of the research have been presented to the CEO and directors of Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd Japan. The participants showed increased interest and wanted to learn more details about further applications and extensions of the work. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | Huawei industrial talk |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Dr Nikitopoulos has been personally invited to give a talk and participate at the panel from Huawei to their "Massive MIMO Architecture Evolution Workshop:, HUAWEI Gothenburg R&D Centre, Oct. 2018 where experts from around the world have been invited to present their recent research results on the topic. Dr Nikitopoulos' work has received very flattering comments, and Huawei is considering to further fund his research. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Panel Discussion - Globecom 5G Workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Dr Nikitopoulos has been invited to contribute to the panel of the discussion of the IEEE Globecom Workshop on Emerging Technologies for 5G and Beyond Wireless and Mobile Networks (ET5GB), with the topic "Beyond 5G". A lot of interesting discussion took place afterwards, and the increased interest in the proposed ideas has been reported. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
URL | http://www.et5gb.com/program.html |
Description | Presentation to Vodafone UK |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Results of the research have been presented to representatives of Vodafone UK, as some of the most promising for adoption by future wireless communication systems. Increased interest has been reported and the participants expressed very positive comments. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | The MultiSphere Project Website |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | This is a website dedicated to the findings of this research. The impact is not yet known. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://www.surrey.ac.uk/multisphere-project |
Description | University of Surrey - Annual Surrey Ambition Event |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | In the Surrey Ambition event the main achievements of the University of Surrey for 2017 have been showcased. Dr K. Nikitopoulos with his team had a exhibition stand where the Multisphere's results have been presented and demonstrated through actual prototypes. Increased interest has been reported and the participants expressed very positive comments. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
URL | https://www.surrey.ac.uk/about/management-and-strategy/annual-review |
Description | University of Surrey - Industrial Advisory Board Presentation for Research Prize |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | The PI of this project was a finalist for the "The Departmental Prize for Excellence in Research" at the University for Surrey, and presented outcomes of the project to the corresponding Industrial Advisory Board. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Virgin Media |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Results of the research have been presented to representatives of Virgin Media, as some of the most promising for adoption by future wireless communication systems. Increased interest has been reported and the participants expressed very positive comments. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |