Ultra-short and tuneable positron beams for high-resolution and volumetric inspection of materials

Lead Research Organisation: Queen's University Belfast
Department Name: Sch of Mathematics and Physics

Abstract

Sub-micron defects represent a well-known fundamental problem in manufacturing since they significantly affect performance and lifetime of virtually any high-value component. Even small-scale defects can have a dramatic effect in the performance and lifetime of high-performance and high-value components, especially when made in, and required to perform under, hostile environments. Heat and pressure treatments, new welding methods, radiation exposure, impact damage, are all examples of scenarios that can leave sub-micron defects in materials during advanced manufacturing or extreme performance use.

Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS) is arguably one of the most successful techniques for the non-invasive inspection of materials and identification of small-scale defects. PALS presents several unique advantages compared to other inspection techniques: it works virtually with any type of material (crystalline and amorphous, organic and inorganic, biotic and abiotic), it can identify even sub-nanometer defects with concentrations as low as less than a part per million, and it can provide information on the type of defect and its characteristic size.
PALS has found application in testing systems as diverse as turbines, polymers, semiconducting devices, biomimetic systems, zeolites, and solar cells.

However, PALS mainly suffers of two main limitations:

1) The available positron energy is limited to a few keV, only allowing for surface studies and,

2) The positron bunch duration is relatively long, strongly affecting the resolution of the technique.

Exploiting recent advances in laser-plasma particle acceleration, it is proposed here to develop a novel laser-driven source of MeV-scale positron beams that will allow, for the first time, volumetric and high-resolution scanning of bulk materials. The short duration of the laser-driven positron beams (~10s of ps) will also allow for a step-change improvement in the resolution of this technique.
 
Description We have developed a novel source of positrons for material characterisation, which will be implemented in a national facility (EPAC at RAL) and in an international facility (EuPRAXIA). The work has resulted in contracts with EPAC and ELI-BL to develop such sources and offer them to academic and private sector users.
Exploitation Route this novel source of positrons for material characterisation will be implemented in a national facility (EPAC at RAL) and in an international facility (EuPRAXIA), both designed for user access from academia and the private sector.
Sectors Aerospace

Defence and Marine

Electronics

Healthcare

Manufacturing

including Industrial Biotechology

 
Description the work has resulted in a specific target area designed for the EuPRAXIA facility (included in the ESFRI roadmap) and in two contracts, one with the Extreme Photonics Application Centre (EPAC) in the UK and one with the Extreme Light Infrastructure (Czech Republic) to offer such a capability to academic and private sector users
First Year Of Impact 2023
Sector Aerospace, Defence and Marine,Energy,Manufacturing, including Industrial Biotechology
Impact Types Societal

Economic

 
Description Inclusion of large-scale project in the ESFRI roadmap
Geographic Reach Europe 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
Impact Inclusion of large-scale project in the ESFRI roadmap
URL https://www.esfri.eu/latest-esfri-news/new-ris-roadmap-2021
 
Description member of the scientific advisory committee for EuAPS
Geographic Reach Europe 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
 
Description member of the scientific advisory committee for the Extreme Light Infrastructure - BeamLines
Geographic Reach Europe 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
 
Description member of the scientific committee for the EAAC conference 2023
Geographic Reach Europe 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
 
Description preparation of the update of the European strategy for particle physics
Geographic Reach Europe 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
Impact plan to detail the funding routes for Europe in particle physics and identify facilities and access routes for both academic and private sector users
 
Description Design and implementation of a Compton-scattering source at ELI-BL
Amount £60,301 (GBP)
Organisation Extreme Light Infrastructure Beamlines 
Sector Public
Country Czech Republic
Start 03/2024 
End 04/2025
 
Description Design and testing of the positron and Compton beamlines for EPAC
Amount £63,748 (GBP)
Organisation Rutherford Appleton Laboratory 
Sector Academic/University
Country United Kingdom
Start 03/2024 
End 03/2025
 
Description EUPRAX IA - SEP- 2108248 15
Amount £103,416 (GBP)
Organisation Innovate UK 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 11/2022 
End 10/2025
 
Description The new intensity frontier: exploring quantum electrodynamic plasmas
Amount £375,452 (GBP)
Funding ID EP/V049186/1 
Organisation Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 12/2021 
End 05/2025
 
Title Experimental characterization of a single-shot spectrometer for high-flux, GeV-scale gamma-ray beams -- associated data 
Description Supplementary experimental data for the results presented in the paper "Experimental characterization of a single-shot spectrometer for high-flux, GeV-scale gamma-ray beams", collected, processed and analysed by the research group within the School of Mathematics and Physics at Queen's University Belfast. Article located at DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.00.003000 Electron and positron data over 8 nominal shots are provided as: background corrected spatial lineouts (in mm) derived energy spectra (in GeV) Also included are binned energy spectra for electrons and positrons, as well as the deconvolved photon spectra. Data is presented in the format of compressed Python numpy (.npz) files. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? Yes  
URL https://zenodo.org/record/8381393
 
Title X-ray absorption spectroscopy using an ultrafast laboratory-scale laser-plasma accelerator source 
Description The data contained in this repository was used in the production of the publication "X-ray absorption spectroscopy using an ultrafast laboratory-scale laser-plasma accelerator source" 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? Yes  
URL https://zenodo.org/record/7876185
 
Description CEA: LYDIL group 
Organisation Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
Country France 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution Collaborative experiments: the group provided access to and operation of their high-intensity laser laboratory. We provided man-power and consumables
Collaborator Contribution Collaborative experiments: the group provided access to and operation of their high-intensity laser laboratory. We provided man-power and consumables
Impact collaborative experiment under the ARIES network. Results under analysis and preparation for publication
Start Year 2017
 
Description DESY: novel plasma accelerators 
Organisation Deutsches Electronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
Country Germany 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Currently collaborating on joint experiments (some published) and within the EuPRAXIA consortium for the next-generation of compact particle accelerators
Collaborator Contribution Collaborative experiments
Impact publications and on-going preparation of european large-scale funding proposals
Start Year 2017
 
Description ELI-ALPS: collaborative experiments 
Organisation ELI Attosecond Light Pulse Source
Country Hungary 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution collaborative research published and preparation of experiments at ELI-ALPS
Collaborator Contribution collaborative research published and preparation of experiments at ELI-ALPS
Impact https://journals.aps.org/prab/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.073402
Start Year 2021
 
Description ELI-Beamlines: collaborative experiments 
Organisation ELI Beamlines
Country Czech Republic 
Sector Private 
PI Contribution ELI-Beamlines is project partners in a recently awarded EPSRC grant (EP/V049186/1 with related proposal: EP/V049461/1). Collaborative experiments currently being designed
Collaborator Contribution ELI-Beamlines is project partners in a recently awarded EPSRC grant (EP/V049186/1 with related proposal: EP/V049461/1). Collaborative experiments currently being designed
Impact ELI-Beamlines is project partners in a recently awarded EPSRC grant (EP/V049186/1 with related proposal: EP/V049461/1). Collaborative experiments currently being designed
Start Year 2021
 
Description ELI-NP: collaborative experiments 
Organisation Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP)
Country Romania 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution Commissioning experiments of the facility carried out and further experiments being planned
Collaborator Contribution Commissioning experiments of the facility carried out and further experiments being planned
Impact Commissioning experiments of the facility carried out and further experiments being planned
Start Year 2021
 
Description EuPRAXIA collaboration 
Organisation Deutsches Electronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
Country Germany 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution International collaboration for the EuPRAXIA project formalised by Consortium Agreement. It has already resulted in the publication of the Conceptual Design Report for the machine (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjst/e2020-000127-8) and inclusion in the ESFRI roadmap
Collaborator Contribution publication of the Conceptual Design Report for the machine (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjst/e2020-000127-8) and inclusion in the ESFRI roadmap
Impact publication of the Conceptual Design Report for the machine (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjst/e2020-000127-8) and inclusion in the ESFRI roadmap
Start Year 2016
 
Description Facility access: Apollon laser facility 
Organisation National Center for Scientific Research (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS)
Department Laboratory for the user of intense lasers (LULI)
Country France 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Facility access for a 4-week experiment and funding secured from ARIES
Collaborator Contribution Facility access for a 4-week experiment and funding secured from ARIES
Impact Facility access for a 4-week experiment and funding secured from ARIES
Start Year 2021
 
Description collaboration with Imperial College London 
Organisation Imperial College London
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution scientific collaboration funded with EP/V049186/1
Collaborator Contribution scientific collaboration funded with EP/V049186/1
Impact several scientific publications and collaborative experiments at national and international facilities
Start Year 2021
 
Description collabroation with the Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research 
Organisation Queen's University Belfast
Department Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution collaborative experiments in ultra-high dose-rate irradiation of cells for cancer therapy. First paper published (https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ac5bfd) and data analysis underway towards preparation of a further scientific paper. Current preparation of a large-scale proposal to a funding agency
Collaborator Contribution collaborative experiments in ultra-high dose-rate irradiation of cells for cancer therapy. First paper published (https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ac5bfd) and data analysis underway towards preparation of a further scientific paper. Current preparation of a large-scale proposal to a funding agency
Impact collaborative experiments in ultra-high dose-rate irradiation of cells for cancer therapy. First paper published (https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ac5bfd) and data analysis underway towards preparation of a further scientific paper. Current preparation of a large-scale proposal to a funding agency
Start Year 2021
 
Description contracted collaboration with DSTL 
Organisation Defence Science & Technology Laboratory (DSTL)
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution design of experimental setups and detection systems for a novel laser-driven muon source. First proof-of-principle experiment carried out at the Extreme Light Infrastructrure (data analysis in progress).
Collaborator Contribution Scientific collaboration
Impact L. Calvin et al., Laser-driven muon production for material inspection and imaging Front. Phys. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2023.1177486
Start Year 2021
 
Description contracted collaboration with the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory 
Organisation Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
Department Central Laser Facility
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution design and implementation of a positron beamline and a Compton-scattered photon beamline for the Extreme Photonics Applications Centre (EPAC)
Collaborator Contribution Direct contribution to fund a PDRA and collaborative scientific work
Impact contract for 1 year for an overall value of £ 63,748
Start Year 2023
 
Description Article in the Wall Street Journal 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact Article in the Wall Street Journal
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description Interview for New Scientist 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Interview for New Scientist (published here: https://www.newscientist.com/article/2308243-deepmind-uses-ai-to-control-plasma-inside-tokamak-fusion-reactor/)
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Live interview with Al Jazeera News 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact Live interview with Al Jazeera News
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description Live interview with BBC Radio Foyle 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact Live interview with BBC Radio Foyle
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description Live interview with BBC Radio Ulster 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact Live interview with BBC Radio Ulster
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description live interview with BBC News Hour 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact Live interview with BBC Radio Foyle
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description popular science article in the New Scientist 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact popular science article in the New Scientist
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023