Manufacturing solar fabrics by electronic dyeing of textiles with 2D heterostructures

Lead Research Organisation: UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
Department Name: Engineering

Abstract

The rapid development of electronic devices and advanced sensors coupled with increasing concerns on global warming are driving requirements for portable, lightweight and flexible power sources to make our buildings smart and our portable devices independent from electricity grids. To this end, it is crucial to develop low-maintenance highly efficient energy sources that can provide local power, especially in ambient conditions. Thin-film photovoltaics offers such opportunity and are adaptable to any surface or device. Various ambient light photovoltaic technologies are investigated for harvesting energy from indoor light.

Solar panels are traditionally made of photovoltaic devices and mostly rigid materials such as glass are used as substrates. However, this is not ideal and practical for indoor use. Recently, solar fabrics are being pursued for building integrated and interior energy harvesting. Photovoltaic devices integrated into textiles can also be used as portable power sources when coupled with bags, cloths, etc. However, more research into material development and manufacturing is needed to bring such technology closer to applications. To endow textiles with photovoltaic capability, it is essential to integrate the electronic functionality while maintaining the soft, stretchable properties of the textile, and the look and feel the end-user expects. Integrating such sophisticated function into textiles, however, is vastly different from fabrication of photovoltaic devices on the flat surfaces of glass or even plastic flexible substrates due to the porous, 3D structure of woven fabrics.

This proposal addresses the manufacturing of new and emerging products related to the use of 2D materials for solar fabrics. The class of two-dimensional (2D) materials has expanded since since the isolation of graphene and now includes a great diversity of materials with various atomic structure and physical properties. Of particular interest for solar cells are the semiconducting transition metal di-chalcogenide (TMDC), with a band-gap ranging from visible to near infrared part of the spectrum (1.1 to 2.0 eV) and a significantly higher absorption coefficient per unit thickness (greater than Si, GaAs, and perovskites). These properties makes them extremely suitable for highly absorbing ultrathin photovoltaic devices for architectural and indoor applications and applications where lightweight or portability is highly desirable.

The proposed research will develop textile-compatible manufacturing of solar fabrics based on 2D materials including semiconducting TMDCs as active layers and highly conductive graphene as electrodes. One key achievement is to develop manufacturing processes that easily translate from prototyping to production to enable solar textiles to become real products rather than proofs-of-concept. To date, the use of high performance photoactive materials on textiles has provided power conversion efficiency approaching 10%. Photovoltaic devices based on 2D materials using 2D/2D heterojunctions as active layers have been demonstrated, exhibiting external quantum efficiencies exceeding 50% and absorbance exceeding 90%. Achieving such high power conversion efficiencies on textiles, above 50% is the second key achievement for the investigations pursued here.

This research will have impact and make a difference in the manufacturing area but also in other sectors such as healthcare, robotics and defence. The proposed research represents a technology leap towards autonomy and reliability of e-textile, reinforcing UK's position in e-textile markets. The proposed research has the potential to contribute various EPSRC prosperity outcomes such as "P1: Introduce the next generation of innovative and disruptive technologies", "P2: Ensure affordable solutions for national needs", "C2: Achieve transformational development and use of the Internet of Things" and "R1: Achieve energy security and efficiency".

Publications

10 25 50
 
Description A novel approach utilizes readily available natural materials to transform mechanical energy into electrical energy. Referred to as textile triboelectric nanogenerators, this innovation harnesses beeswax's untapped potential, allowing for energy generation from various mechanical stimuli like vibration, touch, and rubbing. This breakthrough not only addresses current energy challenges but also holds promise for harvesting ambient noise, potentially revolutionizing fields like healthcare, environmental sciences, space exploration, communication, and defense. Unlike previous solutions, which lacked efficiency, affordability, and eco-friendliness, nanogenerators made from beeswax require minimal processing and exhibit self-healing and self-cleaning properties. These attributes ensure functionality even in humid or mechanically demanding conditions, crucial for wearable technology applications. Additionally, these nanogenerators display versatility by not only harvesting energy from sound pollution but also serving as self-powered microphones capable of voice and emotion detection. Moreover, they offer potential as acoustic hybrid energy harvesters, converting both acoustic pollution and mechanical vibrations into useful electrical energy.
Exploitation Route In envisioning the progression of my research outcomes, both academic and non-academic avenues offer significant potential for advancement. Within academia, I anticipate collaboration with fellow researchers, universities, and research institutions to further explore and validate findings through peer-reviewed publications, conferences, and grant-funded projects. This academic route ensures continued scholarly contribution, fostering knowledge dissemination and enriching the scientific community.

On the non-academic front, partnerships with industry stakeholders, governmental agencies, and non-profit organizations can facilitate the translation of research into practical applications. This could involve the development of innovative technologies, products, or services that address real-world challenges, thereby contributing to societal, economic, and environmental advancements. By engaging diverse stakeholders, including policymakers, entrepreneurs, and community leaders, the impact of the research can be maximized, ensuring broader adoption and meaningful outcomes for various sectors and stakeholders.
Sectors Electronics

Energy

Healthcare

 
Description Press release 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Press release to raise awareness
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
URL https://news.exeter.ac.uk/faculty-of-environment-science-and-economy/engineering-faculty-of-environm...