Peptide conjugated oligonucleotides for splice switching therapy of Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Oxford
Department Name: Physiology Anatomy and Genetics
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is the leading genetic cause of infant mortality, arising from loss-of-function of the SMN1 gene. Mutations in SMN1 result in motor neuron degeneration, accompanied by peripheral manifestations including skeletal muscle atrophy. SMA is rare with an incidence of ~1:10,000 live births; however 1 in every 35 unaffected individuals is likely to be a carrier for the disease. Most affected SMA infants typically have a severe form of the disease with a mean life expectancy of ~2 years in age. However children with less severe disease can survive beyond 2 years but with poor quality of life. SMA severity relates directly to the level of functional SMN protein that a patient produces. A closely related gene to SMN1 is SMN2, although this gene typically only produces ~10% of fully functional SMN protein. However some SMA patients have additional copies of the SMN2 gene, and hence can produce more functional SMN protein. This mitigates disease severity and such patients typically have a milder disease course.
Most SMN2 gene product is not functional because the gene generates two distinct mRNAs via alternative splicing i.e. most of the mRNA lacks exon 7 and generates only partially functional protein. A HIGHLY NOVEL TREATMENT has been developed which acts on SMN2 mRNA to influence inclusion of exon 7 to generate functional SMN protein. This treatment utilizes splice switching oligonucleotides (SSOs), which are chemically modified DNA fragments that bind specifically to the SMN2 mRNA. SSO therapy has shown great potential in recent years for the disorder Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) where they are now in advanced clinical trials. An SSO therapy has potential for even greater impact in SMA because it has potential to treat nearly 100% of affected SMA patients.
The major challenge to successful development of an SSO therapy for SMA is delivery of the SSO drug to critically affected tissues including motor neurons and skeletal muscle. Delivery to the spinal cord typically requires invasive methods, while targeting important peripheral tissues, such as skeletal muscle, is inefficient and often requires high SSO concentrations. The current state-of-the-art, led by Isis Pharmaceuticals, involves a clinical trial in which SSO is administered invasively to SMA patients via injection into the fluid surrounding the spinal cord and which therefore does not treat peripheral tissues.
Our aim is to develop an advanced SSO that can be administered non-invasively through a simple intravenous injection to treat peripheral tissues and also penetrates sufficiently well into the brain and spinal cord to treat the neurological component of the disease. We have developed advanced SSOs to which are coupled short protein fragments (peptides) to facilitate improved SSO delivery to peripheral tissues and provide penetration into the brain and spinal cord. A key initial step is to select the optimal peptide. Building on our existing peptide platform, we will also study a number of additional peptides with high brain delivery potential. Once a candidate peptide and SSO has been selected we will conduct extensive studies into the tissue distribution and tissue concentration of the SSO drug and also into the optimal dosing requirements. This information will allow us to design a multi-dose, long-term SSO therapy regimen to systemically treat all tissues associated with SMA, and we will evaluate this rigorously in an animal model of SMA. Our previous success with treating DMD and experience with peptide chemistry in relation to SSO drugs makes us uniquely well-placed for success in this project. Success will be followed by steps towards clinical development of the lead SSO drug.
Most SMN2 gene product is not functional because the gene generates two distinct mRNAs via alternative splicing i.e. most of the mRNA lacks exon 7 and generates only partially functional protein. A HIGHLY NOVEL TREATMENT has been developed which acts on SMN2 mRNA to influence inclusion of exon 7 to generate functional SMN protein. This treatment utilizes splice switching oligonucleotides (SSOs), which are chemically modified DNA fragments that bind specifically to the SMN2 mRNA. SSO therapy has shown great potential in recent years for the disorder Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) where they are now in advanced clinical trials. An SSO therapy has potential for even greater impact in SMA because it has potential to treat nearly 100% of affected SMA patients.
The major challenge to successful development of an SSO therapy for SMA is delivery of the SSO drug to critically affected tissues including motor neurons and skeletal muscle. Delivery to the spinal cord typically requires invasive methods, while targeting important peripheral tissues, such as skeletal muscle, is inefficient and often requires high SSO concentrations. The current state-of-the-art, led by Isis Pharmaceuticals, involves a clinical trial in which SSO is administered invasively to SMA patients via injection into the fluid surrounding the spinal cord and which therefore does not treat peripheral tissues.
Our aim is to develop an advanced SSO that can be administered non-invasively through a simple intravenous injection to treat peripheral tissues and also penetrates sufficiently well into the brain and spinal cord to treat the neurological component of the disease. We have developed advanced SSOs to which are coupled short protein fragments (peptides) to facilitate improved SSO delivery to peripheral tissues and provide penetration into the brain and spinal cord. A key initial step is to select the optimal peptide. Building on our existing peptide platform, we will also study a number of additional peptides with high brain delivery potential. Once a candidate peptide and SSO has been selected we will conduct extensive studies into the tissue distribution and tissue concentration of the SSO drug and also into the optimal dosing requirements. This information will allow us to design a multi-dose, long-term SSO therapy regimen to systemically treat all tissues associated with SMA, and we will evaluate this rigorously in an animal model of SMA. Our previous success with treating DMD and experience with peptide chemistry in relation to SSO drugs makes us uniquely well-placed for success in this project. Success will be followed by steps towards clinical development of the lead SSO drug.
Technical Summary
SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY (SMA) is a leading genetic cause of infant mortality due to progressive lower motor neuron death leading to muscle weakness. SMA is caused by loss of the SMN1 gene. Patients carry the very closely related gene SMN2 which is only partially functional due to its alternative splice exclusion of exon 7. There is a clear correlation between the variable copy number of SMN2 and the disease course, with milder patients having 3 or more SMN2 gene copies.
SPLICE SWITCHING OLIGONUCLEOTIDES (SSOs) are single-stranded, steric block oligonucleotides which, when directed toward splice sites of pre-mRNA, block the binding of the splice enhancing or silencing proteins. SSOs which modify SMN2 splicing to facilitate exon 7 inclusion and generate functional SMN protein are being tested in early Phase I/II clinical trials. Current SSOs do not penetrate the blood brain barrier (BBB) and are therefore administered through invasive intrathecal injection. This is necessary for adequate spinal cord drug delivery but is not practical as a long term therapy and also fails to treat systemic features of the disease, especially important in the most severe cases. We have developed advanced SSOs comprising a peptide-conjugated SSO platform permitting effective systemic SSO delivery to peripheral tissues (e.g. skeletal muscle) and brain penetration which we will now take through rigorous preclinical development. Utilizing the PMO SSO chemistry, we will optimise PMO length and sequence for modifying SMN2 splicing and test three lead peptides for highest level of delivery to peripheral tissues and spinal cord. The most effective peptide-PMO compounds will be extensively studied to determine pharmacokinetics and an optimal treatment dose in order to generate a multi-dose, long-term treatment regimen that will be studied for efficacy and safety in SMA model mice. This lead compound will subsequently be taken forward for clinical development to be evaluated in SMA patients.
SPLICE SWITCHING OLIGONUCLEOTIDES (SSOs) are single-stranded, steric block oligonucleotides which, when directed toward splice sites of pre-mRNA, block the binding of the splice enhancing or silencing proteins. SSOs which modify SMN2 splicing to facilitate exon 7 inclusion and generate functional SMN protein are being tested in early Phase I/II clinical trials. Current SSOs do not penetrate the blood brain barrier (BBB) and are therefore administered through invasive intrathecal injection. This is necessary for adequate spinal cord drug delivery but is not practical as a long term therapy and also fails to treat systemic features of the disease, especially important in the most severe cases. We have developed advanced SSOs comprising a peptide-conjugated SSO platform permitting effective systemic SSO delivery to peripheral tissues (e.g. skeletal muscle) and brain penetration which we will now take through rigorous preclinical development. Utilizing the PMO SSO chemistry, we will optimise PMO length and sequence for modifying SMN2 splicing and test three lead peptides for highest level of delivery to peripheral tissues and spinal cord. The most effective peptide-PMO compounds will be extensively studied to determine pharmacokinetics and an optimal treatment dose in order to generate a multi-dose, long-term treatment regimen that will be studied for efficacy and safety in SMA model mice. This lead compound will subsequently be taken forward for clinical development to be evaluated in SMA patients.
Planned Impact
The present project aims to develop novel, advanced generation oligonucleotides for therapeutic application in Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). There thus is likely to be high impact with numerous individuals, groups and organisations likely to gain significant benefit:
ACADEMIC BENEFICIARIES will include the PI, the Project Team, the PI's and Co-I's UK collaborators (e.g. the MDEX Consortium) and non-UK international collaborators. Other academic beneficiaries will include groups working in the SMA and related neuromuscular, motor neuron and neurodegenerative disease fields, the oligonucleotide therapeutics field, and in relation to macromolecular drug delivery to the brain.
NON-ACADEMIC BENEFICIARIES will include SMA patients, their families and charitable organisations that support SMA patients and research, and those in the biotechnology, pharmaceutical and investment sectors that have interests in relation to SMA, oligonucleotide therapeutics and to the therapy of rare diseases more generally.
ACADEMIC BENEFICIARIES will benefit in the short term from direct knowledge outputs including publications and other forms of research communication. Knowledge gained will inform future research directions, future funding applications, future research ideas and projects, and future collaborative opportunities. For example, knowledge gained in relation to specific peptides with utility for targeted delivery of oligonucleotides will provide insight into understanding of mechanisms (leading to future improvements), utility for application to other diseases (e.g. other neurological diseases) and to delivery of other drug cargoes (e.g. therapeutic siRNAs, miRNAs). Such specific knowledge and similar gains in project knowledge will not be restricted to the PI and Co-Is although these groups are likely to benefit soonest. Longer-term, success in numerous aspects of this project will provide fundamental knowledge in relation to the treatment of neurological disorders and will likely lead directly and indirectly to numerous long term academic beneficiaries building on and exploiting this knowledge in relation to other common and rare neurodegenerative diseases in particular and neurological diseases more generally.
NON-ACADEMIC BENEFICIARIES especially SMA patients will benefit directly from an advanced oligonucleotide therapy, which could be available for clinical testing in approximately 5 years and offer disease modification and improved quality of life. SMA families will benefit immediately because such research is crucial to maintaining the morale of the SMA community. In the medium term, families of SMA patients will benefit directly from a therapeutic agent (i.e. a product) that can be tested on their children offering the prospect of disease modification. SMA charities and foundations play a crucial role in supporting families and funding early stage research. Such organisations will benefit from encouraging results as they play a key role in supporting, informing and motivating SMA patients and their families. In the medium term such organisations will benefit as they play a critical stakeholder role during clinical testing and in guiding the development and application of a new therapy, including in relation to research, ethical and commercial issues. Finally, non-academic beneficiaries in the commercial sector are likely to benefit directly in the medium term through opportunities to acquire licences to intellectual property in relation to aspects of the technology - either specifically in relation to clinical development of the lead compound for SMA or more generally in relation to platform peptide and/or oligonucleotide technology that could have broad application. This is likely to lead to further development, a range of possible products and a range of possible commercial benefits for companies in the biotechnology or pharmaceutical sectors and/or investors in relation to such companies.
ACADEMIC BENEFICIARIES will include the PI, the Project Team, the PI's and Co-I's UK collaborators (e.g. the MDEX Consortium) and non-UK international collaborators. Other academic beneficiaries will include groups working in the SMA and related neuromuscular, motor neuron and neurodegenerative disease fields, the oligonucleotide therapeutics field, and in relation to macromolecular drug delivery to the brain.
NON-ACADEMIC BENEFICIARIES will include SMA patients, their families and charitable organisations that support SMA patients and research, and those in the biotechnology, pharmaceutical and investment sectors that have interests in relation to SMA, oligonucleotide therapeutics and to the therapy of rare diseases more generally.
ACADEMIC BENEFICIARIES will benefit in the short term from direct knowledge outputs including publications and other forms of research communication. Knowledge gained will inform future research directions, future funding applications, future research ideas and projects, and future collaborative opportunities. For example, knowledge gained in relation to specific peptides with utility for targeted delivery of oligonucleotides will provide insight into understanding of mechanisms (leading to future improvements), utility for application to other diseases (e.g. other neurological diseases) and to delivery of other drug cargoes (e.g. therapeutic siRNAs, miRNAs). Such specific knowledge and similar gains in project knowledge will not be restricted to the PI and Co-Is although these groups are likely to benefit soonest. Longer-term, success in numerous aspects of this project will provide fundamental knowledge in relation to the treatment of neurological disorders and will likely lead directly and indirectly to numerous long term academic beneficiaries building on and exploiting this knowledge in relation to other common and rare neurodegenerative diseases in particular and neurological diseases more generally.
NON-ACADEMIC BENEFICIARIES especially SMA patients will benefit directly from an advanced oligonucleotide therapy, which could be available for clinical testing in approximately 5 years and offer disease modification and improved quality of life. SMA families will benefit immediately because such research is crucial to maintaining the morale of the SMA community. In the medium term, families of SMA patients will benefit directly from a therapeutic agent (i.e. a product) that can be tested on their children offering the prospect of disease modification. SMA charities and foundations play a crucial role in supporting families and funding early stage research. Such organisations will benefit from encouraging results as they play a key role in supporting, informing and motivating SMA patients and their families. In the medium term such organisations will benefit as they play a critical stakeholder role during clinical testing and in guiding the development and application of a new therapy, including in relation to research, ethical and commercial issues. Finally, non-academic beneficiaries in the commercial sector are likely to benefit directly in the medium term through opportunities to acquire licences to intellectual property in relation to aspects of the technology - either specifically in relation to clinical development of the lead compound for SMA or more generally in relation to platform peptide and/or oligonucleotide technology that could have broad application. This is likely to lead to further development, a range of possible products and a range of possible commercial benefits for companies in the biotechnology or pharmaceutical sectors and/or investors in relation to such companies.
Publications
Hammond SM
(2016)
Systemic peptide-mediated oligonucleotide therapy improves long-term survival in spinal muscular atrophy.
in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Shabanpoor F
(2017)
Identification of a Peptide for Systemic Brain Delivery of a Morpholino Oligonucleotide in Mouse Models of Spinal Muscular Atrophy.
in Nucleic acid therapeutics
Catapano F
(2016)
Altered Levels of MicroRNA-9, -206, and -132 in Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Their Response to Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapy.
in Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids
Hammond SM
(2019)
Evaluation of Cell-Penetrating Peptide Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides for Therapeutic Efficacy in Spinal Muscular Atrophy.
in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
Betts C
(2018)
Cmah-dystrophin deficient mdx mice display an accelerated cardiac phenotype that is improved following peptide-PMO exon skipping treatment
in Human Molecular Genetics
Zhou H
(2015)
Repeated low doses of morpholino antisense oligomer: an intermediate mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy to explore the window of therapeutic response.
in Human molecular genetics
Title | Neuromuscular Junction Image |
Description | Confocal Image of neuromuscular junctions in postnatal mice. |
Type Of Art | Image |
Year Produced | 2014 |
Impact | Winner of the SNAPSHOT competition for Phenotype magazine issue 20 |
URL | https://issuu.com/phenotypejournal/docs/phenotype_ht15 |
Title | Neuromuscular Junctions |
Description | Confocal Image of neuromuscular junction in early postnatal mice selected for Biomedical Picture of the Day. |
Type Of Art | Image |
Year Produced | 2015 |
Impact | N/A |
URL | http://www.bpod.mrc.ac.uk/archive/2015/11/19 |
Description | OUI PepGen |
Amount | £89,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | University of Oxford |
Department | Oxford University Innovation |
Sector | Private |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 08/2016 |
End | 06/2018 |
Description | RS Inernational Exchange Japan |
Amount | £12,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | The Royal Society |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2017 |
End | 02/2019 |
Description | SMA Consortium |
Amount | £1,300,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | SMA Trust |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 01/2016 |
End | 09/2019 |
Description | Wave DMD |
Amount | £460,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | Wave Life Sciences |
Sector | Private |
Country | United States |
Start | 09/2011 |
End | 07/2019 |
Title | Synthesis of cell-penetrating peptide morpholino |
Description | Cell penetrating peptides are conjugated to neutrally charged morpholino oligonucleotides to improve cellular and tissue uptake |
Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
Year Produced | 2009 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Utilised for pre-clinical studies for neuromuscular diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy and myotonic dystrophy |
Description | Development of Cell Penetrating Peptides |
Organisation | Medical Research Council (MRC) |
Department | MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | We provide in vivo analysis of novel cell penetrating peptides. |
Collaborator Contribution | Development of novel cell penetrating peptides for the purposes of delivering antisense oligonucleotides. |
Impact | Several papers and IPs have resulted from this collaboration in the field of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. |
Start Year | 2010 |
Description | MRC DPFS |
Organisation | Medical Research Council (MRC) |
Department | MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | We research the in vivo mechanisms of action for compounds developed through this collaboration. |
Collaborator Contribution | UCL: Development of novel AONs MRC: Development of peptides Newcastle: Methods for determining pharmacodynamics of compounds |
Impact | This is an ongoing project in which we hope to generate a new compound for therapeutic employment into children with spinal muscular atrophy. Due to the need for generating IPs we have to limit our public engagements until a further date. |
Start Year | 2014 |
Description | MRC DPFS |
Organisation | Newcastle University |
Department | Institute of Genetic Medicine |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | We research the in vivo mechanisms of action for compounds developed through this collaboration. |
Collaborator Contribution | UCL: Development of novel AONs MRC: Development of peptides Newcastle: Methods for determining pharmacodynamics of compounds |
Impact | This is an ongoing project in which we hope to generate a new compound for therapeutic employment into children with spinal muscular atrophy. Due to the need for generating IPs we have to limit our public engagements until a further date. |
Start Year | 2014 |
Description | MRC DPFS |
Organisation | University College London |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | We research the in vivo mechanisms of action for compounds developed through this collaboration. |
Collaborator Contribution | UCL: Development of novel AONs MRC: Development of peptides Newcastle: Methods for determining pharmacodynamics of compounds |
Impact | This is an ongoing project in which we hope to generate a new compound for therapeutic employment into children with spinal muscular atrophy. Due to the need for generating IPs we have to limit our public engagements until a further date. |
Start Year | 2014 |
Title | CELL PENETRATING PEPTIDES MODIFIED BY GLYCOSYLATION |
Description | The present invention relates to peptides, in particular cell penetrating peptides, of 40 amino acid residues or less comprising at least one directly glycosylated amino acid residue and one or more arginine rich arm domains, and to conjugates of such cell penetrating peptides with a therapeutic molecule. The present invention further relates to the use of the peptides or conjugates in methods of treatment or as a medicament, especially in the treatment of genetic disorders of the central nervous system. |
IP Reference | WO2018150196 |
Protection | Patent application published |
Year Protection Granted | 2018 |
Licensed | No |
Impact | This work has lead to further developments of cell penetrating peptide designs which will soon lead to new IP |
Description | COST Action CA17103 Member 2018-2020 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | COST Action is an international collaboration with ongoing workshops and lectures |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018,2019,2020 |
URL | https://antisenserna.eu/ |
Description | Dr Melissa Bowerman - SMA Trust Mud Run |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Took part in the SMA Trust Mud Run |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Dr Melissa Bowerman - SMA Trust Ride Scorpion |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Supporters |
Results and Impact | Took part in the charity ride SMA Trust Ride Scorpion and raised sponsor money |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Dr Melissa Bowerman - Year 12 Study Day Speaker |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | Took place at Somerville College, Oxford to reach year 12 students who are interested in science as a career |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Dr Melissa Bowerman and Dr Suzan Hammond - MDUK Oxford Town and Gown |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Volunteered and ran at the Oxford Town and Gown 10k |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Dr Melissa Bowerman and Dr Suzan Hammond - Oxford Science Festival stall: "Peptide launching catapults and exosome eggs" |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Department applied for and were successful in getting a grant to have a Oxford Science Festival stall:The group came up with the idea of "Peptide launching catapults and exosome eggs" to engage the public in our research in a fun way |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Dr Suzan Hammond - Interviewed for The Naked Scientist Podcast |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Interviewed for The Naked Scientist Podcast |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Dr Suzan Hammond - Teaching: Course for DIS-Study Abroad in Scandinavia |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
Results and Impact | Course for DIS-Study Abroad in Scandinavia |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Dr Suzan Hammond and Dr Melissa Bowerman - 2016 SMA conference for CureSMA |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Patients, carers and/or patient groups |
Results and Impact | interactions with patients and patient families. Dr Hammond presented a poster and Dr Bowerman gave a talk. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | EU COST Network Workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Presentation entitled "Peptide-mediated delivery of oligonucleotides to the CNS of adult mice". Resulted in multiple questions and debates. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
URL | http://www.cost.eu/COST_Actions/bmbs/BM1207 |
Description | EU COST Network Workshops |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Talk: "Enhancing systemic biodistribution of SSOs using peptide delivery: The next step for SSO treatment of SMA" |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
Description | First Spanish Meeting on Oligonucleotide Therapeutics |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Presented work in the form of a talk to academic researchers |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
URL | https://www.oligotherapeutics.org/conference-calendar/first-spanish-meeting-on-oligonucleotide-thera... |
Description | International Oligonucleotides and Peptides Conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Academic and Industry partner meeting for development of Oligo and Peptide technologies |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
URL | https://www.iopc-tks.com/past-edition/ |
Description | International congress of myology |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Poster Presentation :Development of a cell-penetrating peptide for the delivery of antisense oligonucleotides to peripheral and CNS tissues of spinal muscular atrophy mice |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Oligonucleotide Therapeutic Society 2018 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Presented work in the form of a talk. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
URL | https://www.oligotherapeutics.org/2018-annual-meeting/ |
Description | Oligonucleotide Therapeutic Society 2019 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Presented new research |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
URL | https://www.oligotherapeutics.org/2019-annual-meeting/ |
Description | Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy's Annual Connect Conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Patients, carers and/or patient groups |
Results and Impact | Attended the Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy's Annual Connect Conference in Orlando |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Year 11 Taster Session Speaker, Somerville College |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | Talk to Year 11 school students re science as a career choice |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |