Can we detect changes in Arctic ecosystems?

Lead Research Organisation: University of Liverpool
Department Name: Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences

Abstract

Ecosystems are communities of organisms that interact with each other and their environment. They are often considered in terms of food webs or chains, which describe the interactions between different organisms and their relative hierarchies, known as trophic position. Ocean ecosystems provide key services, such as nutrition, control of climate, support of nutrient cycling and have cultural significance for certain communities. It is thus important that we understand how changes to the environment reshape ecosystems in order to manage climate change impacts.

The Arctic Ocean is already being heavily impacted by climate change. It is warming faster than any other ocean region and as it absorbs fossil fuel emissions, it is gradually acidifying. Arctic sea ice is declining by 10% per decade. This affects the availability of sea ice habitats for organisms from plankton to mammals and modifies the ocean environment. Finally, the Arctic is affected by changes in the magnitude of water movement to and from the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and composition of these waters. Thus Arctic ecosystems are being impacted by multiple concurrent stressors and must adapt.

To understand how Arctic ecosystems will evolve in response to multiple stressors, it is crucial to evaluate the effects of on going change. Often these questions are tackled by studies that focus on a specific ecosystem in one location and document the various components of the food chain. However the Arctic is diverse, with a wide range of environments that are responding to unique stressors differently. We require a new approach that can provide information on Arctic ecosystems from a pan-Arctic perspective over decadal timescales.

To effectively monitor changes to pan-Arctic ecosystems requires tracers that focus on key ecosystem components and provide quantitative information on ecosystem structure, providing information for management and conservation of ecosystem services. Our goal is to respond to this challenge. We will focus simultaneously on the base of the food chain, controlled by the activity of marine phytoplankton, and key Arctic predators, harp and ringed seals. Seals are excellent candidates to monitor the food web due to their pan-Arctic distribution and foraging behaviour, which means they are exposed to the changing environment.

Nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes are often used to examine ecosystems as they are modified during trophic transfer up the food chain. Hence, they can quantify seal trophic position and food chain length, key determinants of ecosystem structure. Crucial in this context however is the isotope value of the base of the food web, known as the isoscape, which is itself affected by a range of environmental characteristics and fluctuates in space and time. Equally, by virtue of changing migration patterns, seals themselves may feed on similar prey in different isoscapes, which would affect the interpretation of ecosystem structure from stable isotopes. These are the major challenges in using stable isotopes.

We will link stable isotopes to novel tracers of the food web, known as biomarkers. When these tracers are compared against observations of the shifting isoscape and data on seal foraging, they permit seals to be used to monitor the Arctic ecosystem by quantifying their trophic position and overall food chain length. Via a range of observational platforms, our new food web tracers will be mechanistically linked to the spatial and seasonal trends in the Arctic isoscape and seal behaviour. By then combining historical observations from around the Arctic basin with state of the art ocean and seal population modelling, we can quantify past and future changes in Arctic ecosystems. This will provide information on past changes to Arctic ecosystems, but also put in place an approach that can be used to monitor future changes and aid in the management and conservation of ecosystem services.

Planned Impact

The main beneficiaries of this project will be policy makers concerned with conservation of Arctic marine mammals, Inuit communities, school pupils, teachers and the wider general public.

Throughout much of their range, seals and other mammals are important cultural and nutritional resources for indigenous and non-indigenous communities. However, seals are being measurably impacted by climate change. Our project will provide observational and modelling evidence regarding the drivers of alterations to seals' trophic position, food web structure or foraging behaviour over decadal time scales. Using multiple tools, we will delineate if changes in seal trophic position, food chain length or foraging behaviour are due to environmental factors (e.g. sea ice changes), variations in the base of the food web (e.g. from reduced nutrient supply) or the addition of new trophic levels (e.g. migration of boreal species). Our work directly benefits ongoing programmes that monitor the Arctic, such as the Five-year Science Research Agenda from the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (Canada). Our work will benefit work by DFO and aid Inuit communities develop adaptation strategies (Letter of Support from Ferguson, DFO). We will disseminate results from our project to key international organisations, such as the International Council for Exploration of the Seas (ICES) and North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission (NAMMCO), facilitated by NAMMCO General Secretary and project partner, Desportes. Other project partners (Stenson, Hammill, Ferguson and Hop) are also involved in ICES and NAMMCO, as well as the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Programme (CBMP), making them able to disseminate our results in the context of management and policy. A one year PDRA will collate, analyse and model historical data on harp and ringed seal body condition and fecundity alongside environmental variables and determine the factors driving long term change in seal populations, disseminating their findings to ICES and NAMMCO at international meetings. This will allow the practical and applied project outputs to inform management and policy for marine mammals in the Arctic, with the potential to affect future decision making for seal populations. Thus, we directly address NERC strategy by providing tools for the 'Management of Environmental Change'.

It is essential that our research outcomes are disseminated to the UK community. This is challenging but vital to recruit students into sciences, convince the public that it is worthwhile funding this type of research and increase awareness of the sensitivity of the Arctic to a changing climate. Our project will provide teachers with tools to demonstrate key concepts in our research programme. To this end, we will produce three posters to convey for example, 'Arctic food webs', 'Stable isotopes in Arctic ecology' and 'Impact of climate change on the Arctic' to school pupils in order to demonstrate how food webs operate in the Arctic. Posters will be hand-drawn by a visual artist with experience of communicating complex ideas concisely and digitized by co-PI Heath.

The general public tends to engage with popular wild life television programmes that illustrate the fauna of the Arctic and the pressures imposed by climate change. We will explain the vital role of microscopic phytoplankton and nutrients within the environment by creating one short accessible scored video, with combinations of film, hand and digital animations with commentaries aimed at the general public. The video will be distributed via a project YouTube channel and via our own website.

At the programme level we suggest (a) creating a dedicated programme website and social media outlets, (b) soliciting the BBC or Discovery Channel to produce a short documentary about the programme and (c) hiring an expert in science communication and impact to represent the programme and/or train members of the research programme in science communication.

Publications

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Studentship Projects

Project Reference Relationship Related To Start End Student Name
NE/P006035/1 31/03/2017 01/03/2022
2454985 Studentship NE/P006035/1 30/09/2017 29/09/2021 Elliott Price
 
Description Our main findings so far are:
1. Spatial trends in the carbon isoscape in the Arctic Ocean can be explained by the influence of primary productivity and riverine influence. Decadal trends in the carbon isoscape in the Arctic Ocean can be explained by the Suess effect, as well as temporal changes in productivity, sea ice loss and fractionation.
2. Spatial trends in the nitrogen isoscape in the Arctic Ocean can be explained by the supply of nitrate alongside the extent of stratification, which dictates if phytoplankton nutrient uptake and fractionation adheres to an open or closed fractionation system.
3. PISCES-ISO model represents carbon and nitrogen isotopes well and is able to capture changes in the exchange of Atlantic and Pacific water.
4. Seal migration is strongly influenced by sea ice extent and the positioning of the marginal ice zone. Advanced models are able to delineate population and seasonal level migration patterns of harp seals.
5. Analysis of harp seal tissue for Atlantic- and Pacific-influenced regions of the Arctic Ocean reveal that the spatial trends in the baseline, influenced by water mass characteristics, are propagated up the food web. Caution needs to be taken when interpreting food webs from different regions of the Arctic and assignment of a predators' trophic position when the baseline is changing.
6. Temporal trends in isotopes in harp seal teeth reveal that the baseline has been altered in the Atlantic and Pacific sectors of the Arctic due to change in oceanographic conditions. The trophic position of seals has only been altered in the high Arctic and not the lower Arctic region, likely due to borealisation of the high Arctic.
Exploitation Route Results may be combined and help to improve modelling of harp seal populations.
Sectors Environment

 
Description Bursary from UK Arctic Office for James Grecian at St. Andrews
Amount £17,963 (GBP)
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 03/2018 
End 03/2020
 
Description NERC - outreach funds for CAO puppet show
Amount £14,000 (GBP)
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 02/2018 
End 01/2020
 
Description NERC DTP studentship
Amount £60,000 (GBP)
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 09/2018 
End 03/2022
 
Description Nitrogen fixation in the Arctic Ocean
Amount £1,002,418 (GBP)
Funding ID NE/T001240/1 
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 02/2023 
End 07/2025
 
Description UK-Canada Arctic Partnership Bursaries
Amount £17,963 (GBP)
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 02/2018 
End 02/2019
 
Title Adaptation of published PNA-PCR assay for the genetic detection of organisms associated with copepods for PhD project 
Description As part of a plan to detect diet of copepods, we had planned to use a modified method published method by Cleary et al. 2016 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.04.001). We now have successfully generated eukaryotic amplicon sequences from individual calanoid copepod zooplankton specimens. In brief this method entails application of a standard DNA marker alongside a Peptide nucleic acid oligonucleotide that blocks the amplification of calanoid copepod DNA which would normally overwhelm the sequencing results in favour of copepod. A trial showed a variety of signals from microoganism species that are present in the arctic and a few new ones but two products were present which was difficult to sequence. Together with the Centre for Genomic Research (CGR), the PCR conditions were changed to favour one PCR product which makes the method much quicker and safer. All experimental samples have now been sequenced and are undergoing analysis at the CGR but delayed due to COVID priority sequencing there. 
Type Of Material Technology assay or reagent 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact This methodology is a small adaptation of that published by Cleary et al. 2016. The tool has not been made public yet as we are awaiting the sequencing results that are delayed because CGR have new COVID related priorities. 
 
Title Identification of arctic copepods using 16S DNA barcoding primers 
Description Identification of a subset of arctic copepods preserved in RNAlater or formalin was trialled using a modified mitochondrial 16S gene assay from Lindeque et al. 1999. The results match those of the original study but it needs further confirmation by sequencing before being published. 
Type Of Material Biological samples 
Year Produced 2019 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact This assay has previously been used on other animals, buts its application in arctic copepods will improve identification tools in copepods significantly, especially in light of their poor representation in public databases. 
 
Title ARISE project - Work package 2: Stable nitrogen isotopes of nitrate in sea water, and of bulk tissue and amino-acids of muscle of harp and ringed seals from the Arctic and sub-Arctic 
Description This dataset includes stable nitrogen isotopes of 1- nitrate in sea water (d15NNO3) from three sites (i.e. Southern Barents Sea, Northern Barents Sea, Greenland Sea) and 2- of bulk tissue (d15Nbulk) and compound specific stable nitrogen isotopes on amino acids (d15NAA) measured in adult harp seals from five sites (i.e. Southern Barents Sea, Northern Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, Labrador shelf, Baffin Island) and in adult ringed seals from two sites (Baffin Island and Canadian Archipelago) in the Arctic and sub-Arctic. The sea water samples for analyses of d15NNO3 were collected in 2017 and 2018 as part as two ARISE cruises (JR16006 and JR17005). The seal samples were collected from 2015 to 2019 as part of Norwegian commercial sealing and student field courses from the University of Tromso in Norway (Northern and Southern Barents Sea, Greenland Sea) and the Inuit subsistence and commercial harvests in Canada (Labrador Sea, Baffin Island, Canadian Archipelago). Analyses of d15NNO3 were carried out at the University of Edinburgh, UK. Analyses of d15Nbulk and d15NAA of seal muscle tissue were carried out at the Liverpool Isotopes for Environmental Research laboratory, University of Liverpool. Results are reported here in standard delta-notation per-mil relative to atmospheric N2. Funding was provided by the ARISE project (NE/P006035/1 and NE/P006310/1), as part of the Changing Arctic Ocean programme, funded by the UKRI Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact NA 
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01374
 
Title ARISE project - Work package 3: Stable nitrogen isotopes of bulk tissue and amino-acids of ringed seals muscle and teeth's growth layer groups of harp seals from the Arctic and sub-Arctic 
Description This dataset includes stable nitrogen isotopes of bulk tissue (d15Nbulk) and compound specific stable nitrogen isotopes on amino acids (d15NAA) measured in harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) teeth from Southern Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, Northwest Atlantic, and ringed seal (Pusa hispida) muscles from Canadian Arctic Archipelago and Baffin Island, in the Arctic and sub-Arctic. Teeth of harp seals from the Northwest Atlantic (n=48) were taken from archives in Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) St John's, Canada from 1979 to 2016. Teeth of harp seals from the Barents Sea (n=72) and Greenland Sea (n=55) were taken from archives of the Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Norway, from 1963 to 2018 and 1953 to 2014, respectively. Muscle tissue from ringed seals were opportunistically sampled as part of Inuit subsistence harvests. Samples from the CAA were collected in Resolute from 1992 to 2016 (n=66). Muscle samples from the Baffin Bay were collected in Pangirtung from 1990 to 2016 (n=39). The seal samples were collected as part of Norwegian commercial sealing and student field courses from the University of Tromso in Norway (Barents Sea and Greenland Sea) and the Inuit subsistence and commercial harvests in Canada (Northwest Atlantic, Baffin Island, Canadian Archipelago). Analyses of d15Nbulk and d15NAA of seal tissue were carried out at the Liverpool Isotopes for Environmental Research laboratory, University of Liverpool. Results are reported here in standard dnotation (per mille) relative to atmospheric N2. This work resulted from the ARISE project (NE/P006035/1 and NE/P006310/1), as part of the Changing Arctic Ocean programme, funded by the UKRI Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2021 
Provided To Others? Yes  
URL https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01528
 
Title CTD data from NERC Changing Arctic Ocean Cruise JR16006 on the RRS James Clark Ross, June-August 2017. 
Description This dataset contains a total of 59 CTD casts that were completed from the RRS James Clark Ross (cruise number JR16006), between the 7th July 2017 and 7th August 2017. The cruise was part of the Changing Arctic Ocean Programme funded by the Natural Environment Research Council, UK (www.changing-arctic-ocean.ac.uk). 43 stations were visited across the Barents Sea that spanned a wide range of different dynamical regimes, from the Norwegian coastal current and warm, Atlantic inflow in the south, across the Polar Front and the shelf-break region north of Svalbard. Raw data were initially extracted and processed using Seabird Data Processing Software (v7.26.4). Modules DatCnv, WildEdit, Filter, AlignCTD, CellTM, Derive and BottleSum were all run. Custom Matlab routines were then used to apply a deep oxygen hysteresis correction, to remove out of water and surface soak values, to filter anomalous data points and to average the profiles onto a 1 db pressure grid. Each 1 db averaged profile (downcast) contains the following variables: latitude, longitude, day number, pressure (db), depth (m), temperature (degC), conductivity (mS cm-1), salinity (psu) and potential density (kg m-3), chlorophyll-a fluorescence (mg m-3), beam attenuation (m-1), beam transmission (%), photosynthetically active radiation (µE m-2 s-1), oxygen concentration (µmol L-1) and altimetry (m-1). The SBE43 oxygen sensor was calibrated against Winkler titration samples (taken in triplicate) from 20 L Niskin bottles mounted onto the frame. Salinity samples analysed on a Guildline Autosal instrument were used to calibrate the salinity profiles. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2019 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Contributes to nutrient data sets for the Arctic 
URL https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/89a3a6b8-7223-0b9c-e053-6c86abc...
 
Title CTD data from NERC Changing Arctic Ocean Cruise JR17005 on the RRS James Clark Ross, May-June 2018 (version 2). 
Description This dataset contains a total of 72 CTD casts that were completed from the RRS James Clark Ross (cruise number JR17005), between the 13th May 2018 and 6th June 2018. The cruise was part of the Changing Arctic Ocean Programme funded by the Natural Environment Research Council, UK (www.changing-arctic-ocean.ac.uk). Three main transects were completed. The first from the deep water of the Greenland Basin up into the Norsk Trough on the East Greenland shelf at a latitude of 76 degN. A second transect was completed at 79 degN across the Fram Strait, starting at 10 degW on the East Greenland Shelf and finishing a few miles off the coast of Svalbard. A third transect was completed to the south of Svalbard within Storfjorden at 77 degN. Raw data were initially extracted and processed using Seabird Data Processing Software (v7.26.7). Modules DatCnv, WildEdit, Filter, AlignCTD, CellTM, Derive and BottleSum were all run. Custom Matlab routines were then used to apply a deep oxygen hysteresis correction, to remove out of water and surface soak values, to filter anomalous data points and to average the profiles onto a 1 db pressure grid. Each 1 db averaged profile (downcast) contains the following variables: latitude, longitude, day number, pressure (db), depth (m), primary and secondary temperature (degC), conductivity (mS cm-1), salinity (psu) and potential density (kg m-3), chlorophyll-a fluorescence (mg m-3), beam attenuation (m-1), beam transmission (%), photosynthetically active radiation (microE m-2 s-1), oxygen concentration (micromol l-1) and altimetry (metres above the bottom). Files are also provided that contain 5 second averages of all the above variables around the times of bottle firings (on the up casts). The SBE43 oxygen sensor was calibrated against Winkler titration samples (taken in triplicate) from 20 l Niskin bottles mounted onto the frame. Salinity samples analysed on a Guildline Autosal instrument were used to calibrate the salinity profiles. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2019 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Adds to CTD data for the Arctic to compare with models. 
URL https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/84988765-5fc2-5bba-e053-6c86abc...
 
Title Data from: Environmental drivers of population-level variation in the migratory and diving ontogeny of an Arctic top predator 
Description The development of migratory strategies that enable juveniles to survive to recruitment is critical for species that exploit seasonal niches. For animals that forage via breath-hold diving this requires a combination of both physiological and foraging skill development. Here, we assess how migratory and dive behaviour develop over the first months of life for a migratory Arctic top predator, the harp seal, tracked using animal-borne satellite relay data loggers. We reveal similarities in migratory movements and differences in diving behaviour between juveniles from breeding populations in the Northwest Atlantic and Greenland Sea. In both regions, periods of resident and transient behaviour during migration were associated with proxies for food availability; sea ice concentration and water depth. However, while ontogenetic development of dive behaviour was similar for both groups of juveniles over the first 25 days, after this time Greenland Sea animals performed shorter and shallower dives and were more closely associated with sea ice than Northwest Atlantic animals. Together, these results highlight the role of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors in shaping early-life behaviour. Differences in the environmental conditions experienced during early-life may shape how populations respond to the rapid changes occurring in the Arctic ocean ecosystem. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2021 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact improved understanding of contrasts in seal development, in different areas/systems 
URL http://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.2jm63xsqh
 
Title Dissolved nutrient samples collected in the Barents Sea as part of the Changing Arctic Ocean programme during cruise JR17006, June-July 2018. 
Description Samples for dissolved nutrients were collected from CTD niskin bottles during cruise JR17006 in the Barents Sea (June-July 2018) as part of the Changing Arctic Ocean. Dataset consists of ammonia/ium, silicate, phosphate, nitrate and nitrite measurements in µM L-1 and µM kg-1 units. Samples were collected in acid cleaned PE 50 mL polythene vials and measured shortly after collection (within 12 hours) on the vessel by the Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS) using a Lachat Quik Chem 8500 Flow injection analyser. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Contributes to the nutrient data base for the Arctic Ocean 
URL https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/b62f2d5d-1f3f-0c2c-e053-6c86abc...
 
Title Dissolved nutrient samples collected in the Barents Sea as part of the Changing Arctic Ocean programme during cruise JR18006, July-August 2019. 
Description Samples for dissolved nutrients were collected from CTD niskin bottles during cruise JR18006 in the Barents Sea (July-August 2019) as part of the Changing Arctic Ocean programme. Dataset consists of ammonia/ium, silicate, phosphate, nitrate and nitrite measurements in µM L-1 and µM kg-1 units. Ammonia/ium samples were collected in acid cleaned PE 50 mL polythene vials and measured shortly after collection (within 24 hours) on the vessel by the Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS) using a Lachat Quik Chem 8500 Flow injection analyser. Phosphate, silicate, nitrate and nitrite samples were collected in 125 mL acid cleaned bottles and immediately frozen. These samples were measured using a Bran and Luebbe, QuAAtro 5-channel continuous flow analyser from filtered frozen samples 12 months after collection by the University of Liverpool. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Contributes to Arctic nutrient data sets 
URL https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/b62f2d5d-1f41-0c2c-e053-6c86abc...
 
Title Dissolved nutrient samples collected in the Barents Sea as part of the Changing Arctic Ocean programme for the Arctic PRIZE and ARISE projects during RRS James Clark Ross cruise JR16006. 
Description Samples for dissolved nutrients were collected from CTD niskin bottles during cruise JR16006 in the Barents Sea (June - August 2017) as part of the Changing Arctic Ocean programme for the Arctic PRIZE and ARISE projects. Dataset consists of ammonia/ium, silicate, phosphate, nitrate and nitrite measurements in µM L-1 and µM kg-1 units. Ammonia/ium and silicate samples were collected in acid cleaned PE 50 mL centrifuge vials and measured shortly after collection (within 24 hours) on the vessel by the Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS) using a Lachat Quik Chem 8500 Flow injection analyser. Phosphate, nitrate and nitrite samples were collected in 1 L acid cleaned HDPE bottles and 3 x 60 mL of sampled seawater was filtered through 48 mm, Whatman GF/F filters within 2 hours of collection. These were measured using a Bran and Luebbe, QuAAtro 5-channel continuous flow analyzer from filtered frozen samples in 2019 by the University of Liverpool. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Contributes to nutrient data sets of the Arctic Ocean for global use. 
URL https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/b4c1537e-c729-6463-e053-6c86abc...
 
Title Dissolved nutrient samples collected in the Fram Strait as part of the Changing Arctic Ocean programme during cruise JR17005, May-June 2018. 
Description Samples for dissolved nutrients were collected from CTD niskin bottles during cruise JR17005 in the Fram Strait (May - June 2018) as part of the Changing Arctic Ocean programme. Dataset consists of ammonia/ium, silicate, phosphate, nitrate and nitrite measurements in µM L-1 and µM kg-1 units. Ammonia/ium and silicate samples were collected in acid cleaned PE 50 mL centrifuge vials and measured shortly after collection (within 24 hours) on the vessel by the Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS) using a Lachat Quik Chem 8500 Flow injection analyser. Phosphate, nitrate and nitrite samples were collected in 100 mL acid cleaned HDPE bottles and frozen immediately. These were measured using a Bran and Luebbe, QuAAtro 5-channel continuous flow analyser from filtered frozen samples on land by the University of Liverpool. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Contributes to data sets on nutrients in the Arctic 
URL https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/b61d58df-b8e8-11c4-e053-6c86abc...
 
Title Dissolved nutrient samples collected in the Fram Strait as part of the Changing Arctic Ocean programme during cruise JR18007, August-September 2019. 
Description Samples for dissolved nutrients were collected from CTD niskin bottles during cruise JR18007 in the Fram Strait (August-September 2019) as part of the Changing Arctic Ocean programme. Dataset consists of ammonia/ium, silicate, phosphate, nitrate and nitrite measurements in µM L-1 and µM kg-1 units. Ammonium, phosphate and nitrate and nitrite samples were collected in acid cleaned PE 50 mL polythene vials and measured shortly after collection (within 24 hours) on the vessel by the Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS) using a Lachat Quik Chem 8500 Flow injection analyser. Silicate samples were collected in 125 mL acid cleaned bottles and immediately frozen. These samples were measured using a Bran and Luebbe, QuAAtro 5-channel continuous flow analyser from filtered frozen samples 12 months after collection by the University of Liverpool. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Contributes to nutrient data sets in the Arctic 
URL https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/b62f2d5d-1f42-0c2c-e053-6c86abc...
 
Title JR16006 CTD Data 
Description Fully processed CTD data from cruise JR16006 to the Barents Sea 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2019 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Used in CAO publications - papers still in review 
URL https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/89a3a6b8-7223-0b9c-e053-6c86abc...
 
Title JR16006 VMADCP data 
Description Vessel Mounted ADCP data from cruise JR16006 to the Barents Sea (horizontal current velocities, depth resolved) Hopkins J.(2019). Vessel Mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (VMADCP) data from NERC Changing Arctic Ocean Cruise JR16006 on the RRS James Clark Ross, July 2017. British Oceanographic Data Centre, National Oceanography Centre, NERC, UK. doi:10/dg53. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2019 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Publication submitted to a Special Issue in Philosophical Transactions A 
 
Title JR17005 CTD data 
Description Hopkins J.; Brennan D.; Abell R.; Sanders R.W.; Mountifield D.(2018). CTD data from NERC Changing Arctic Ocean Cruise JR17005 on the RRS James Clark Ross, May-June 2018. British Oceanographic Data Centre - Natural Environment Research Council, UK. doi:10/cspz. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2018 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Core physics database in support of the whole CAO programme (16 projects) 
URL https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/726f6dc8-cebf-427d-e053-6c86abc...
 
Title JR17005 Ships Underway Data 
Description Ships underway measurements of sea surface ocean variables and meterology collected during May-June 2018 as part of ARISE, Changing Arctic Ocean cruise JR17005 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact This data set is freely available for use by the CAO community and its partners. 
URL https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/a0817374-6342-51bf-e053-6c86abc...
 
Title Modelled isoscape data for: "Oceanographic and biogeochemical drivers cause divergent trends in the nitrogen isoscape in a changing Arctic Ocean" 
Description The data included in this repository includes the biogeochemical model output of nitrogen isotope fields. These data were generated by simulations with the NEMOv4.0 Ocean General Circulation Model, SI3 sea ice model, and Pelagic Interactions Scheme for Carbon and Ecosystem Studies version 2 (PISCESv2) biogeochemical model. Nitrogen isotopes were integrated within PISCESv2 for the purpoes of this study. All data here are in longitude, latitude and time cordinates. No depth coordinate is provided as all values are averaged over the upper 100 metres of the model. The file names mean the following: ETOPO - refers to how the curvilinear, native grid of the model was re-gridded to a regular 360x180 longitude-latitude grid uisng the etopo60 coordinate system. JRA55 - these are the reanalysis-driven simulations, for which we used the Japanese Atmospheric Reanalysis (JRA55do). future - these are the emissions-driven simulations (historical from 1850-2005, then according to Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 from 2006-2100.) picontrol - these are parallel to the emissions-driven simulations but do not include the increase in emissions. ndep - refers to if the historical increase in anthropogenic nitrogen deposition was included in the simulation d15Nno3 - isotopic composition of nitrate averaged over the upper 100 metres d15Npom - isotopic composition of particulate organic matter averaged over the upper 100 metres predictors - the average values of salinity, N* and particulate organic matter over the upper 100 metres annualave - annual averages, so that the data are inter-annual 1970-1990ave_months - average monthy values over the period 1970-1990. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2021 
Provided To Others? Yes  
URL https://zenodo.org/record/5359262
 
Title Nitrate isotope measurements from CTD niskin depth profiles from Changing Arctic Ocean cruise JR16006 in the Barents Sea during summer 2017. 
Description Nitrate isotope samples were collected onboard the RRS James Clark Ross in the Barents Sea from 30/06/2017-08/08/2017 as part of the Changing Arctic Oceans project. Seawater samples were filtered inline from the Niskin bottles, and frozen at -20°C until analysis on land. Samples were measured for d15N-NO3 and d18O-NO3 of nitrate using the Denitrifier method and bacterial strain P. aureofaciens. Samples were corrected using international reference standards IAEA-N3 and USGS-34 and an internal standard of North Atlantic Deep Water was run with each batch to check for inter-run comparability. Final values were calculated using the correction scheme of Weigand et al., (2016) with reproducibility of 0.1 and 0.3‰ for d15N-NO3 and d18O respectively. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not yet 
URL https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/b2e5007e-f3a8-429c-e053-6c86abc...
 
Title Nitrate isotope measurements from CTD niskin depth profiles from cruise JR17005 in the Fram Strait during May-June 2018. 
Description Nitrate isotope samples were collected onboard the RRS James Clark Ross in the Fram Strait from 8th May - 8th June 2018 as part of the Changing Arctic Ocean programme. Seawater samples were filtered inline from the Niskin bottles, and frozen at -20degC until analysis on land. Samples were measured for d15N-NO3 and d18O-NO3 of nitrate using the Denitrifier method and bacterial strain P. aureofaciens. Samples were corrected using international reference standards IAEA-N3 and USGS-34 and an internal standard of North Atlantic Deep Water was run to check for inter-run comparability. Final values were calculated using the correction scheme of Weigand et al., (2016) with reproducibility of 0.1 and 0.3‰ for d15N-NO3 and d18O-NO3 respectively. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2021 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not yet 
URL https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/b93fb7c0-110e-2470-e053-6c86abc...
 
Title Nitrate isotope measurements from CTD niskin depth profiles from cruise PS100 in the Fram Strait during July-August 2016. 
Description Nitrate isotope samples were collected onboard the R/V Polarstern in the Fram Strait from 18th June - 6th September 2016 as part of the Geotraces transect with samples analysed by the Changing Arctic Ocean programme. Seawater samples were filtered inline from the Niskin bottles, and frozen at -20degC until analysis on land. Samples were measured for d15N-NO3 and d18O-NO3 of nitrate using the Denitrifier method and bacterial strain P. aureofaciens. Samples were corrected using international reference standards IAEA-N3 and USGS-34 and an internal standard of North Atlantic Deep Water was run to check for inter-run comparability. Final values were calculated using the correction scheme of Weigand et al., (2016) with reproducibility of 0.1 and 0.3‰ for d15N-NO3 and d18O-NO3 respectively. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2021 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not yet 
URL https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/b93fb7c0-110f-2470-e053-6c86abc...
 
Title Routine underway measurements from fixed sensor arrays collected during May-June 2018 as part of ARISE, Changing Arctic Ocean cruise JR17005. 
Description This dataset contains navigational, bathymetric, meteorological and sea surface hydrography data from fixed sensor arrays on the RRS James Clark Ross (JCR) cruise JR17005, undertaken between May and June 2018 in the Fram Strait. The oceanlogger system recorded sea surface properties and most meteorological measurements. Measurements of wind, depth and position were stored in separate (anemometer, EA600 and Seatex GPS) streams. The oceanlogger data steam recorded measurements at an average frequency of 0.2 Hz; all other data streams recorded at an average frequency of 1 Hz. Small variations in recording frequency were accounted for during data processing. Each data set was processed by filtering noise and erroneous measurements, and then applying per minute medians to generate smoothed data and smaller file sizes. Measurements taken in days before the first sampling event (13/05/2018) were omitted from the analyses. Underway salinity was calibrated using samples taken from the underway system and further salinity samples taken from niskin bottles fired within the top 10 m of the water column. All samples were analysed on a Guildline Autosal. The authors do not have any concerns over the quality of the data set and values are consistent with similar data reported in the wider literature. The data were collected as part of the National Environment Research Council (NERC) Changing Arctic Ocean (CAO) project, ARISE. The British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) created the metadata entry and is responsible for holding master copies of the data. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Contributes to physical oceanography data for the Arctic Ocean 
URL https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/a0817374-6342-51bf-e053-6c86abc...
 
Title Vessel Mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (VMADCP 
Description Hopkins J.(2019). Vessel Mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (VMADCP) data from NERC Changing Arctic Ocean Cruise JR16006 on the RRS James Clark Ross, July 2017. British Oceanographic Data Centre, National Oceanography Centre, NERC, UK. doi:10/dg53. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2019 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Contributes to data set 
URL https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/98df6eaa-0a08-621e-e053-6c86abc...
 
Title d15N-PN, d13C-PC, particulate organic nitrogen and particulate organic carbon measurements from CTD niskin-collected water column profiles obtained in the Barents Sea during NERC CAO cruise JR16006, July-August 2017. 
Description This dataset contains d15N-PN and d13C-PC data, together with PON and POC concentrations collected at 23 stations in the Barents Sea during cruise JR16006 (RSS James Clark Ross, 7th July to 7th August 2017). This cruise was part of the National Environment Research Council funded Changing Arctic Ocean Programme (www.changing-arctic-ocean.ac.uk). d15N-PN (o/oo) and PON (µg/L) were collected using CTD-mounted Niskin bottles from the top 300 m of the water column and d13C-PC (o/oo) and POC (µg/L) from surface samples (upper 15 m). Samples were analysed using an Elemental Analyser - Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (EA-IRMS) at the University of Liverpool. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not yet 
URL https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/b46574f7-bffb-170b-e053-6c86abc...
 
Title d15N-PN, d13C-PC, particulate organic nitrogen and particulate organic carbon measurements from CTD niskin-collected water column profiles obtained in the Fram Strait during NERC CAO cruise JR17005, May-June 2018. 
Description This dataset contains d15N-PN and d13C-PC data, together with PON and POC concentrations collected at 27 stations during cruise JR17005 (RSS James Clark Ross, 13th May to 6th June 2018). This cruise was part of the National Environment Research Council funded Changing Arctic Ocean Programme (www.changing-arctic-ocean.ac.uk). Samples were obtained from three transects on the Greenland Shelf (76 °N), across the Fram Strait (79°N; 10°W to 11°E) and within Storfjorden (77°N). d15N-PN (o/oo) and PON (µg/L) were collected using CTD-mounted Niskin bottles from the top 200 m of the water column and d13C-PC (o/oo) and POC (µg/L) from surface samples (upper 10 m). Samples were analysed using an Elemental Analyser - Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (EA-IRMS) at the University of Liverpool. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not yet 
URL https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/b475e367-30e4-5ecf-e053-6c86abc...
 
Description AWI: access to berths on research cruise 
Organisation Alfred-Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
Country Germany 
Sector Private 
PI Contribution No contribution yet. Too early but will provide access to data sets.
Collaborator Contribution Provided access to berths on research cruise to the Fram Strait
Impact No outcomes, too early.
Start Year 2017
 
Description Akva-Niva: Ferrybox 
Organisation Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA)
Country Norway 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution Access to berth on commercial ship to sample to Barents Sea on a seasonal basis for stable isotopes of dissolved and particulate material
Collaborator Contribution Access to berth on commercial ship to sample to Barents Sea on a seasonal basis for stable isotopes of dissolved and particulate material
Impact Too early
Start Year 2017
 
Description Collaboration with Norwegian Polar Institute 
Organisation Norwegian Polar Institute
Country Norway 
Sector Private 
PI Contribution No contributions yet, too early
Collaborator Contribution Access to research cruises in the Arctic Ocean
Impact Too early.
Start Year 2017
 
Description DFO Canada: access to samples and data sets 
Organisation Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Country Canada 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution We will provide expertise in processing of samples using compound specific stable isotopes and processing of data sets using new model approaches.
Collaborator Contribution Provided access to sample archives and data archives
Impact No impact yet, too early.
Start Year 2017
 
Description Florida State University: access to river samples 
Organisation Florida State University
Country United States 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Analysis of sample collected from Arctic rivers for stable nitrogen and oxygen isotopes of nitrate
Collaborator Contribution Access to samples collected from 6 rivers in the Arctic Ocean
Impact Too early
Start Year 2017
 
Description IMR Norway: assistance with seal tagging and access to sample and data archives 
Organisation Norwegian Institute of Marine Research
Country Norway 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution We will provide analysis of sample archives using compound specific techniques and new approaches to analyses archive data sets using statistical models. We will also provide funds for tags for seals.
Collaborator Contribution Provided archives samples and archive data sets. Provided a means to tag seals in the Arctic Ocean during Norwegian led fieldwork.
Impact Too early .
Start Year 2017
 
Description LSCE: access to PISCES-iso model 
Organisation Laboratory of Climate Sciences and the Environment (LSCE)
Country France 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution No contributions yet, too early.
Collaborator Contribution Provided access to model PISCES-ISO
Impact No impact, too early.
Start Year 2017
 
Description Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) 
Organisation Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA)
Country Norway 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution ARISE technical and Doctoral students will be taking nutrient and biological data on board the ship of opportunity, Norbjørn, from Tromso in Norway to Longyearbyen, Svalbard. This arrangement was made as a direct result of ARISE grant proposal
Collaborator Contribution Researchers at NIVA will help organise access onto Norbjørn vessel and share abiotic data from the ferrybox system installed in this ship by NIVA.
Impact Knowledge exchange agreement and ship access
Start Year 2016
 
Description Project partnership with the Norwegian Polar Institute - access to berths on research cruises 
Organisation Norwegian Polar Institute
Country Norway 
Sector Private 
PI Contribution ARISE have allocated a berth to NPI on the NERC Changing Arctic Ocean cruise JR17005 (to the Fram Strait- Greenland shelf) to allow them to collect CDOM, d18O and DOC samples at an undersampled time of year.
Collaborator Contribution NPI have given the ARISE team access to a berth on the RV Lance to enable sample collection: (1) MOSJ 2017 (Kongsfjorden and Hausgarten) and (2) FS2017 (Fram Strait)
Impact More than 500 samples collected for the ARISE project
Start Year 2017
 
Description Stanford University: remote sensing data sets 
Organisation Stanford University
Country United States 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution No contribution yet. Too early.
Collaborator Contribution Research group led by Kevin Arrigo at Stanford University has provided remote sensing data sets.
Impact Too early for outcomes
Start Year 2017
 
Description Stockholm University: access to sample archives for sediments 
Organisation Stockholm University
Country Sweden 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Analysis of sediment samples by PhD student using specialised organic geochemical techniques to detect terrestrially derived organic matter
Collaborator Contribution Provided access to sediment samples collected from the continental shelves of the Arctic Ocean
Impact Too early.
Start Year 2017
 
Description UBC: access to GEOTRACES datasets 
Organisation University of British Columbia
Country Canada 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution No contribution yet
Collaborator Contribution Access to GEOTRACES dataset on the stable nitrogen and oxygen isotope composition of nitrate in the Arctic Ocean
Impact Too early
Start Year 2017
 
Description University of Connecticut: access to GEOTRACES data sets 
Organisation University of Connecticut
Country United States 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution No contribution yet
Collaborator Contribution Access to GEOTRACES data sets on stable nitrogen and oxygen composition of nitrate in the Arctic Ocean
Impact Too early
Start Year 2017
 
Description ASLO Ocean Sciences conference 2018: Poster presentation 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Poster presentation at international conference on the objectives of the project and some preliminary data on the isoscape.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description Cruise report for the UK Challenger Marine Society 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Informal blog describing the aims of the cruise and the activities that took place onboard. Designed to be easily accessible and to promote Arctic research. The coordinator reported the blog to have had one of the highest hit rates (> 100 reads).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://challengercaptainsblog.wordpress.com/2018/01/01/a-summer-spent-in-the-changing-arctic-ocean/
 
Description Development of project website 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact New website created for the project, including project team, objectives, fieldwork etc.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL https://arcticarise.wordpress.com
 
Description Dr. Camille de la Vega attended Arctic Frontiers conference in Tromso, Norway 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Dr. Camille de la Vega presented a poster on findings in ARISE at the Arctic Frontiers conference in Tromso, Norway in February 2019
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description ICES WGMME 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Meeting of annual working group for ICES
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://ices-library.figshare.com/articles/report/Working_Group_on_Marine_Mammal_Ecology_WGMME_/2044...
 
Description Interview and on-line video with BBC Radio Solent for the first Chnaging Arctic Ocean cruise, JR16006 
Form Of Engagement Activity A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Jo Hopkins was interviewed and filmed by a BBC Radio Solent news reporter onboard the RRS James Clark Ross just before the ship sailed for the first Changing Arctic Ocean research cruise. She explained the goals of the ARISE project and the wider Arctic programme and explained how many of the measurements would be made during the cruise. The Interview was broadcoast on the 29th June 2017 on the Julian Clegg show and the video posted on the BBC Radio Solent Facebook page.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL https://www.facebook.com/BBCRadioSolent/videos/1381007702019321/
 
Description Interview for BBC radio Wales Weekly Science Cafe programme 
Form Of Engagement Activity A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact BBC Radio Wales Science Cafe broadcast. Science radio programme for general public. Interview with Prof. C. Mahaffey and Dr R. Jeffreys on ARISE project and Arctic food webs.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description James Grecian Presentation at Liverpool 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact James Grecian presented material based on preliminary ARISE work to colleagues at Liverpool University in a seminar
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description James Grecian talk at Birmingham NERC Arctic Conference 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Meeting attended by recipients of NERC Arctic research funding, policymakers and NERC staff
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Mahaffey and Jeffreys interviews for Science Cafe on Radio Wales 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Rachel Jeffreys and Claire Mahaffey were interviewed alongside Yeung Lenn for Science Cafe on BBC Radio Wales about the ARISE project.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Meeting between NERC and RCN about the future projects between Norway and Canada 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Members of the Research Council in Norway (RCN) were interested in how the NERC Changing Arctic Ocean programme operated. I attended the meeting to represent the CAO programme as a lead PI on a large project.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description NERC Artic Meeting Birmingham 2019 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact NERC meeting for Arctic researchers, Birmingham, 2019
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Oral presentation at the Nansen Legacy kick off meeting in Tromso Norway 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Oral presentation at the kick off meeting for the Norwegian led project, the Nansen Legacy. Invited to attend.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description Poster presentation of ARISE at Ocean Sciences 2018, Portland, Oregon 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Poster presentation to Internatioal attendees of Ocean Sciences 2018 in Portland, Oregon. Louisa Norman, Rachel Jeffreys, Claire Mahaffey, Alessandro Tagliabue, George A Wolff, Andy Heath, Joanne Hopkins, Raja Ganeshram, Sophie Smout, Andy Yool, Rowena Stern, Claudia Castellani, Camille De La Vega, Robyn E Tuerena and James Grecian (2018), Can we detect changes in Arctic ecosystems? (ARISE) , Abstract HE44A-2965 presented at 2018 Ocean Sciences Meeting, Portland, OR, 12-16 Feb.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://osm.agu.org/2018/
 
Description Poster presented at Arctic Frontiers Conference 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Poster presented by Dr C. De La Vega on ARISE project stable isotopes in food webs at Arctic Frontiers conference in Tromso. Participants include, politicians, business and industry, academics, government researchers. Conference is about sustainable management of the Arctic, linking policy, business and research.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description UK Arctic conference: Oral presentation 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Oral presentation at UK Arctic conference on the objectives of the project
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017