GridPP Management and Outreach
Lead Research Organisation:
Queen Mary University of London
Department Name: Physics
Abstract
'The Grid' is the next leap in computer interconnectivity. The Internet and the World Wide Web are increasingly an integral part of people's lives, helping the world share information and transfer data quickly and easily. In the same way as we now share files and facts over the global network of computers, in the future the Grid will let us share other things, such as processing power and storage space. The Grid is a practical solution to the problems of storing and processing the large quantities of data that will be produced by industry and the scientific communities over the next decade. Particle physicists are waiting for 2007 when a new particle accelerator opens in the world's largest particle physics laboratory, CERN. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be the most powerful instrument ever built to investigate fundamental physics. Once this is fully functional the amount of data being produced will be massive. All this will be too much for one institution to handle so they need to share resources i.e. to use distributed computing. The Grid is built on the same Internet infrastructure as the web, but uses different tools. Middleware is one of these tools. In a stand alone computer the resources allocated to each job are managed by the operating system e.g. Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X. Middleware is like the operating system of a Grid, allowing users to access resources without searching for them manually. GridPP has developed middleware for the Grid, in collaboration with other international projects. Due to GridPP's open source policy, the middleware can evolve and be improved by the people who use it. Distributed computing has been available to scientists for some time but, in general, the use of different sites has to be negotiated by each scientist individually. They need a separate account on each system and jobs have to be submitted and results collected back by hand. Current distributed computing means the user has a lot of work to do to get their results. This is where the idea of Grid computing comes in. Middleware lets users simply submit jobs to the Grid without having to know where the data is or where the jobs will run. The software can run the job where the data is, or move the data to where there is CPU power available. Using the Grid and middleware, all the user has to do is submit a job and pick up the results. Acting as the gatekeeper and matchmaker for the Grid, middleware monitors the Grid, decides where to send computing jobs, manages users, data and storage. It will check the identity of the user through the use of digital certificates. A digital certificate is a file stored securely on a users computer which allows the Grid to correctly identify a user. The certificates are given to a user by the Certification Authority, with numerous steps to ensure the person applying is who they say they are. The middleware automatically extracts the users' identity from their digital certificate and uses this to log them in. This means users don't have to remember user names and passwords to log onto the Grid, they're automatically logged on using their Grid certificate. After this seamless identification process the middleware will find the most convenient and efficient places for the job to be run and organise efficient access to the relevant scientific data. It deals with authentication to the different sites being used, runs the jobs, keeps track of progress, lets the user know when the work is complete and transfers the result back.
People |
ORCID iD |
Stephen Lloyd (Principal Investigator) | |
Sarah Pearce (Researcher) |
Publications
ATLAS Collaboration
(2013)
Measurement of the [Formula: see text] production cross section in the tau + jets channel using the ATLAS detector.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
ATLAS Collaboration
(2012)
Measurement of [Formula: see text] production with a veto on additional central jet activity in pp collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV using the ATLAS detector.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
ATLAS Collaboration
(2012)
Search for lepton flavour violation in the eµ continuum with the ATLAS detector in [Formula: see text]pp collisions at the LHC.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
ATLAS Collaboration
(2012)
Measurement of t polarization in W?t? decays with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at [Formula: see text].
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
The ATLAS Collaboration
(2012)
Search for heavy neutrinos and right-handed W bosons in events with two leptons and jets in pp collisions at [Formula: see text] with the ATLAS detector.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
ATLAS Collaboration
(2013)
Measurement of the [Formula: see text] production cross section in the tau + jets channel using the ATLAS detector.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
ATLAS Collaboration
(2013)
Multi-channel search for squarks and gluinos in [Formula: see text]pp collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
ATLAS Collaboration
(2012)
Measurement of the charge asymmetry in top quark pair production in pp collisions at [Formula: see text] using the ATLAS detector.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
ATLAS Collaboration
(2014)
The differential production cross section of the [Formula: see text](1020) meson in [Formula: see text] = 7 TeV [Formula: see text] collisions measured with the ATLAS detector.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
ATLAS Collaboration
(2014)
Electron reconstruction and identification efficiency measurements with the ATLAS detector using the 2011 LHC proton-proton collision data.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
ATLAS Collaboration
(2013)
Jet energy resolution in proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text] recorded in 2010 with the ATLAS detector.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
ATLAS Collaboration
(2014)
Measurement of the centrality and pseudorapidity dependence of the integrated elliptic flow in lead-lead collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV with the ATLAS detector.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
The ATLAS Collaboration
(2013)
Search for a light charged Higgs boson in the decay channel [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] events using pp collisions at [Formula: see text] with the ATLAS detector.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
ATLAS Collaboration
(2014)
Search for direct top squark pair production in events with a [Formula: see text] boson, [Formula: see text]-jets and missing transverse momentum in [Formula: see text] TeV [Formula: see text] collisions with the ATLAS detector.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
ATLAS Collaboration
(2014)
Muon reconstruction efficiency and momentum resolution of the ATLAS experiment in proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV in 2010.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
ATLAS Collaboration
(2013)
Improved luminosity determination in pp collisions at [Formula: see text] using the ATLAS detector at the LHC.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
ATLAS Collaboration
(2012)
A search for [Formula: see text] resonances with the ATLAS detector in 2.05 fb-1 of proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text].
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
Aad G
(2014)
Light-quark and gluon jet discrimination in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text] with the ATLAS detector.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
ATLAS Collaboration
(2013)
Measurement of the inclusive jet cross-section in pp collisions at [Formula: see text] and comparison to the inclusive jet cross-section at [Formula: see text] using the ATLAS detector.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
ATLAS Collaboration
(2013)
Measurement of jet shapes in top-quark pair events at [Formula: see text] using the ATLAS detector.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
Aad G
(2013)
Measurement of k T splitting scales in W?l? events at $\sqrt{s} = 7\ \mathrm{TeV}$ with the ATLAS detector
in The European Physical Journal C
The ATLAS Collaboration
(2012)
ATLAS search for a heavy gauge boson decaying to a charged lepton and a neutrino in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7\ \mathrm{TeV}$
in The European Physical Journal C
Aad G
(2012)
Measurement of W ± Z production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7~\mbox{TeV}$ with the ATLAS detector
in The European Physical Journal C
Aad G
(2013)
Single hadron response measurement and calorimeter jet energy scale uncertainty with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
in The European Physical Journal C
Aad G
(2014)
Measurement of the underlying event in jet events from 7 $$\text {TeV}$$ TeV proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector
in The European Physical Journal C
Aad G
(2012)
Search for top and bottom squarks from gluino pair production in final states with missing transverse energy and at least three b-jets with the ATLAS detector
in The European Physical Journal C
Aad G
(2013)
Search for pair-produced massive coloured scalars in four-jet final states with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7\ \mbox{TeV}$
in The European Physical Journal C
Aad G
(2013)
Measurement of the flavour composition of dijet events in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7\ \mbox{TeV}$ with the ATLAS detector
in The European Physical Journal C
Aad G
(2012)
Search for a fermiophobic Higgs boson in the diphoton decay channel with the ATLAS detector
in The European Physical Journal C
The ATLAS Collaboration
(2012)
Search for doubly charged Higgs bosons in like-sign dilepton final states at $\sqrt{s} = 7\ \mathrm{TeV}$ with the ATLAS detector
in The European Physical Journal C
Aad G
(2012)
Measurement of the top quark mass with the template method in the $t\bar{t} \to\mathrm{lepton}+\mathrm{jets}$ channel using ATLAS data
in The European Physical Journal C
Aad G
(2014)
Electron and photon energy calibration with the ATLAS detector using LHC Run 1 data
in The European Physical Journal C
Aad G
(2013)
Jet energy resolution in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}}=7\mbox{ TeV}$ recorded in 2010 with the ATLAS detector
in The European Physical Journal C
Aad G
(2013)
Measurements of top quark pair relative differential cross-sections with ATLAS in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7\ \mbox{TeV}$
in The European Physical Journal C
ATLAS Collaboration
(2012)
A particle consistent with the Higgs boson observed with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider.
in Science (New York, N.Y.)
Britton D
(2014)
How to deal with petabytes of data: the LHC Grid project.
in Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)
Aad G
(2014)
Search for Higgs boson decays to a photon and a Z boson in pp collisions at s = 7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
in Physics Letters B
Aad G
(2013)
Measurement of the high-mass Drell-Yan differential cross-section in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
in Physics Letters B
Aad G
(2013)
A search for high-mass resonances decaying to t + t - in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
in Physics Letters B
Aad G
(2013)
Search for new phenomena in the W W ? l ? l ' ? ' final state in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
in Physics Letters B
Aad G
(2012)
Search for diphoton events with large missing transverse momentum in 7 TeV proton-proton collision data with the ATLAS detector
in Physics Letters B
Aad G
(2013)
Measurements of Higgs boson production and couplings in diboson final states with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
in Physics Letters B
Description | We have built a Grid to analyse data from the LHC at CERN and elsewhere. This enabled the discovery of the Higgs Boson, the fundamental scalar boson that is predicted to give mass to all other particles. |
Exploitation Route | Further research is required to establish if this is the Higgs Boson or if it is one of many (possibly Supersymmetric) Higgs Bosons. |
Sectors | Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software) |
URL | https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/AtlasPublic |
Description | Other disciplines have used our Grid for their own purposes. |
First Year Of Impact | 2008 |
Sector | Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Education,Pharmaceuticals and Medical Biotechnology |
Impact Types | Societal |