DiRAC 2.5 Operations 2017-2020

Lead Research Organisation: University of Cambridge
Department Name: Institute of Astronomy

Abstract

Physicists across the astronomy, nuclear and particle physics communities are focussed on understanding how the Universe works at a very fundamental level. The distance scales with which they work vary by 50 orders of magnitude from the smallest distances probed by experiments at the Large Hadron Collider, deep within the atomic nucleus, to the largest scale galaxy clusters discovered out in space. The science challenges, however, are linked through questions such as: How did the Universe begin and how is it evolving? and What are the fundamental constituents and fabric of the Universe and how do they interact?

Progress requires new astronomical observations and experimental data but also new theoretical insights. Theoretical understanding comes increasingly from large-scale computations that allow us to confront the consequences of our theories very accurately with the data or allow us to interrogate the data in detail to extract information that has impact on our theories. These computations test the fastest computers that we have and push the boundaries of technology in this sector. They also provide an excellent environment for training students in state-of-the-art techniques for code optimisation and data mining and visualisation.

The DiRAC-2.5 project builds on the success of the DiRAC HPC facility and will provide the resources needed to support cutting edge research during 2017 in all areas of science supported by STFC.

In addition to the existing DiRAC-2 services, from April 2017 DiRAC-2.5 will provide:

1) A factor 2 increase in the computational power of the DiRAC supercomputer at the University of Durham, which is designed for simulations requiring large amounts of computer memory. The enhanced system will be used to:

(i) simulate the merger of pairs of black holes which generate gravitational waves such as those recently discovered by the LIGO consortium;
(ii) perform the most realistic simulations to date of the formation and evolution of galaxies in the Universe
(iii) carry out detailed simulations of the interior of the sun and of planetary interiors.

2) A new High Performance Computer at Cambridge whose particular architecture is well suited to the theoretical problems that we want to tackle that utilise large amounts of data, either as input or being generated at intermediate stages of our calculations. Two key challenges that we will tackle are those of:
(i) improving our understanding of the Milky Way through analysis of new data from the European
Space Agency's GAIA satellite and
(ii) improving the potential of experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider for discovery
of new physics by increasing the accuracy of theoretical predictions for rare processes involving the
fundamental constituents of matter known as quarks.

3) An additional 3500 compute cores on the DiRAC Complexity supercomputer at Leicester which will make it possible to
carry out simulations of some of the most complex physical situation in the Universe. These include:
(i) the formation of stars in clusters - for the first time it will be possible to follow the formation of stars many times more massive than the sun;
(ii) the accretion of gas onto supermassive black holes, the most efficient means of extracting energy from matter and the engine
which drives galaxy formation and evolution.

4) A team of three research software engineers who will help DiRAC researchers to ensure their scientific codes to extract
the best possible performance from the hardware components of the DiRAC clusters. These highly skilled programmers will
increase the effective computational power of the DiRAC facility during 2017.

Planned Impact

The expected impact of the DiRAC 2.5 HPC facility is fully described in the attached pathways to impact document and includes:

1) Disseminating best practice in High Performance Computing software engineering throughout the theoretical Particle Physics, Astronomy and Nuclear physics communities in the UK as well as to industry partners.

2) Working on co-design projects with industry partners to improve future generations of hardware and software.

3) Development of new techniques in the area of High Performance Data Analytics which will benefit industry partners and researchers in other fields such as biomedicine, biology, engineering, economics and social science, and the natural environment who can use this new technology to improve research outcomes in their areas.

4) Share best practice on the design and operation of distributed HPC facilities with UK National e-Infrastructure partners.

5) Training of the next generation of research scientists of physical scientists to tackle problems effectively on state-of-the-art of High Performance Computing facilities. Such skills are much in demand from high-tech industry.

6) Engagement with the general public to promote interest in science, and to explain how our ability to solve complex problems using the latest computer technology leads to new scientific capabilities/insights. Engagement of this kind also naturally encourages the uptake of STEM subjects in schools.

Publications

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Gerosa D (2022) The irreducible mass and the horizon area of LIGO's black holes in Classical and Quantum Gravity

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Ghosh S (2022) Age dissection of the vertical breathing motions in Gaia DR2: evidence for spiral driving in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Givans J (2022) Non-linearities in the Lyman-a forest and in its cross-correlation with dark matter halos in Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics

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Glesaaen J. (2018) Hadronic spectrum calculations in the quark-gluon plasma in Proceedings of Science

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Glowacki M (2022) ASymba: H i global profile asymmetries in the simba simulation in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Glowacki M (2021) The redshift evolution of the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation in SIMBA in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Glowacki M (2020) The baryonic Tully-Fisher relation in the simba simulation in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Golightly E (2019) Tidal Disruption Events: The Role of Stellar Spin in The Astrophysical Journal

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Gonzalez-Perez V (2020) Do model emission line galaxies live in filaments at z ~ 1? in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Gorman M (2019) ExoMol molecular line lists XXXVI: X 2? - X 2? and A 2S+ - X 2? transitions of SH in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Gourgouliatos K (2019) Nonaxisymmetric Hall instability: A key to understanding magnetars in Physical Review Research

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Goyal J (2020) A library of self-consistent simulated exoplanet atmospheres in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Griffin A (2019) The evolution of SMBH spin and AGN luminosities for z < 6 within a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Griffin A (2020) AGNs at the cosmic dawn: predictions for future surveys from a ?CDM cosmological model in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Grisdale K (2019) On the observed diversity of star formation efficiencies in Giant Molecular Clouds in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Gu Q (2022) The spatial distribution of satellites in galaxy clusters in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Gupta P (2022) A study of global magnetic helicity in self-consistent spherical dynamos in Geophysical & Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics

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Gurung-López S (2019) Lya emitters in a cosmological volume II: the impact of the intergalactic medium in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Gurung-López S (2019) Lya emitters in a cosmological volume - I. The impact of radiative transfer in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Gómez J (2022) Halo merger tree comparison: impact on galaxy formation models in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Gómez-Guijarro C (2020) How primordial magnetic fields shrink galaxies in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Gülpers V. (2018) Isospin breaking corrections to the HVP at the physical point in Proceedings of Science

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Habouzit M (2021) Supermassive black holes in cosmological simulations I: M BH - M ? relation and black hole mass function in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Hadzhiyska B (2023) The MillenniumTNG Project: an improved two-halo model for the galaxy-halo connection of red and blue galaxies in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Hadzhiyska B (2023) The MillenniumTNG Project: refining the one-halo model of red and blue galaxies at different redshifts in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Haehnelt M (2020) Probing delayed-end reionization histories with the 21-cm LAE cross-power spectrum in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Haidar H (2022) The black hole population in low-mass galaxies in large-scale cosmological simulations in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Hall C (2020) Predicting the Kinematic Evidence of Gravitational Instability in The Astrophysical Journal